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A05313 The touchstone of complexions generallye appliable, expedient and profitable for all such, as be desirous & carefull of their bodylye health : contayning most easie rules & ready tokens, whereby euery one may perfectly try, and throughly know, as well the exacte state, habite, disposition, and constitution, of his owne body outwardly : as also the inclinations, affections, motions, & desires of his mynd inwardly / first written in Latine, by Leuine Lemnie ; and now Englished by Thomas Newton.; De habitu et constitutione corporis. English Lemnius, Levinus, 1505-1568.; Newton, Thomas, 1542?-1607. 1576 (1576) STC 15456; ESTC S93449 168,180 353

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so shak● of and forgottē appoint onely foure to wit them that be cōpound vnto whō they haue geeuen names not of their qualities but somwhat vnaptly of those cōmonly termed knowē humours y is to say Sāguine Cholerique Phlegmatique Melācholique by y squyer leauel of whō they wold haue these 4. differēces of cōplexiō or tēperature to be reduced tryed Which dealīg reasonīg of theirs as it sauoreth of populer iudgmēt learning to the common sort very plaussble so standeth it not with the precise opynion and censure of them that would haue eche thing skanned and measured in his righte nature and kinde In the meane season I as one desirous to recōcyle Physitions thus factiously iarrynge in opynion and woulde God this vniformitye and attonement were also broughte to passe in matters of Religiō for the better quieting of many mens Consciences both parties shall suffer the chiefe place to be assigned and geeuen to the hoate and moyst Complexion excepting alwayes as I said before the temperatest of all whereunto as at a marcke we must direct our mynd and leauel our whole matter that by it euery man may trye his owne nature which so lōg as it is in his perfect strength vigour quality produceth bringeth foorth a Sanguine man. And thus there is in a maner no differēce neither preiudiciall to anye partye eyther to call it by the name of a hoate and moyst Complexion or els by the terme of a Sanguine man who by the benefite of this holesome humour conteyneth hath within him these qualities albeit Bloud it selfe for wee will keepe all thinges wythin their prescripte limittes doth not engender and cause heate and moystnes but rather heate and moysture produceth Bloud Now Bloud of all iuyces and humours is the best and to mans life an alimente and maintener chiefly appropriat famylier and domesticall for throughe the force furtheraunce of vitall Spirite which is the preseruer and sēder of natural heate into euery part of the bodye Bloud is conueighed by the cunduytes and Vesselles of the Arteryes and Veynes so both nourisheth mainteyneth and preserueth the whole body And for that this pure cleare defecate loouely and amyable Iuyce is the special thing that conserueth euery lyuinge Creature in his beynge wherein also consisteth the lyfe and vigour of euerye nature that lyueth by breath therefore the Hebrew Lawmaker Moses by the direction and appointmente of God himselfe forbadde all maner of bloud to be eatē because the lyfe of al Creatures cōsisteth in bloud is therwyth nourished and mainteyned euen as the flame of a Candle is with the Oylie weeke as it plainly appeareth by a man that bleedeth verye much whose bodye is then in euery part cold wanne for want thereof fayntinge and in a maner readye to geeue vp the Ghost I haue knowen many whose vitall spyrite bleedinge out and yssuinge together wyth their bloud haue been thereby brought into great daunger of their liues And therefore this treasure of Lyfe must moste carefullye be conserued because it is of all Humours the most excellent wholesome Nowe as the Arteries which abounde more wyth vitall spyrite then wyth bloud spring from the heart so the Veynes which conteyne more bloud then ayrie spyrite proceede and spryng frō the Lyeuer and are dispersed abroad in brauches and fibres into euerye yea the verye furtheste places of the body For the Lyuer is the shoppe and chiefe workemaster of grosse thicke bloude althoughe the first oryginall thereof be ascribed to the Heart by whose power faculty the bloud is made and throughly wrought being endued wyth vitall spyrite conueigheth naturall heat to eche part of the body Bloud and vital Spyrite are in their chiefest Pryme and most abound in lusty and flourishing yeares albeit there is no age that lacketh the same although in old worne age bloud begynneth to draw to a coldnes the vital spyrit then neyther so hoate neither so stronge and effectuous which thinge as it is in them well to bee obserued and perceyued by their frequente gestures and often moouing of the body and the partes thereof yet specially maye it be seene noted by their colour which in a yonge lusty Stryplyng and youthfull body of good constitution is ruddy and fresh but in them that be further stryken in yeares or further of from this temperamente is not so pure so beautifull nor so pleasaunt to behold for that all their comelynesse beauty is eyther faded awaye or throughe some euill humours and hidden imperfection or blemishe appeareth in them worse then in the yonger sort So many being affected or distēpered in their Splene wombe Lyuer ventricle and Lunges are commonly either pale yelow tawnie dunne duskie or of some other ill fauoured colour There is no surer way sayth Galene certainly to knowe the humours and iuyce in a Creature then by the colour and outward complexion If the body loke very whyte it is a token that phlegme in that body chiefely reigneth most aboundeth If it be pale or yelow it argueth the humour to bee greatly Melancholique and Cholerique and the bloude to be freshe and reddye if it be blackish it betokeneth blacke adust Choler specially if no outwarde accidentall occasion happen as great heate or chafing labour or wearynesse or if the mynde bee not intoxicate and perplexed wyth affectes and passions as Angre Ioye Sorow Care pensyuenes for these make the humours sometyme to resort vnto the skynne vtter parts and sometime to hyde and conueyghe themselues farre inwardly and for this cause wee see men y are fumish and testy to be in a marueylous heat proceeding not of any sticknesse or discrasse but of ▪ the motion and stirring of the humours againe them that be affrighted and in mynde amazed to be pale Some to loke as wanne as Lead some whyte and swartie sometyme blewyshe sometime of sondrye colours all which betoken crude humours and raw iuyce to beare rule and swaye in the bodye eyther of phlegme glasselyke toughe or of some other sort or els many rottē humours clamped vp in y bodye which by outward tokēs and signes bewray shew themselues what they be and what they signifie They therefore that be of a hoate and moyst constitution and haue greate store of bloude wythin theim are of a purple and reddie coloure softe warme and smooth skinned comely of stature of reasonable feacture fleshye bodyed and a little roughe aburne heyred redde or yealow bearded and comely bushed of which feac●ure plight and bodely shape the Scripture witnesseth that Dauid was who beyng after that Saule was cast of and reiected appointed King and onnoy●ted by Samuel was of a brownish Complex●ō excellent beauty well fauoured in sight and 〈◊〉 ●●tenaūce very cheerefull and amyable Such a comety grace and Princelye shape was to be scene in the moste victorious Prince Philip Kinge
some one of the chiefest Ingredientes Polycleti Regula Lib. 20. Cap. 10. De Sacerd. De ratione conc●onandi De Oratore Notes or markes of a body perfectly tēperate Lib. 3. Ode 3. Rom. 8. Affections naturall A Enei 4. Iuuenal Sat. 10. The nature of Democritus and Hetaclitus Counterfaite gate Psalm 45. Christ a paterne of perfection Ioan. 1. Collos 2. Heb. 4. Ioan. 11. Christ voyd of all ill affections Collos 3. Heb. 13. Heb. 11. 1. Pet. 2. Hoate complexion Tokens of a hoate Complexion Degrees of heate in man. Black haytes Curled hayres Varietie diuersity of body Imagination VVomēs intemperaunce A true report Black hayre Yelovv Whyte Redde Lib. 2. de Temper Why children h●●e no bea●des Much store of hayre how it commeth To make the bearde grow Women ful of hayres on their head Hayrie women lecherous Barenuesse inwomē vnablenes in men to get Childrē Heate causeth holdnes Lib. 11 Cap. 37 The suttlety of Aristomenes Iudie 15. 16. 1. Reg. 17. Iud. 3. Bold rashnes Vertues defaced and marred by vices Lib. 6. de Rep. Bigge voyce AEnei 1. Things not naturall Artis Medicae 85. Ayre Fulsome pestilēt ayre more hurtful then pestilent meat Contraryes are remedied by their cōtraryes A Enei 10 Dogge-dayes Englande praysed for clenly trim minge their houses Learned me and aged greatly reuerenced in England Meate drincke Lib. 1 Cap. 3. Moyst nourishmēt fittest for children Lib. 2 de leg lib 1. de tuend Valetud Wyne hurt full to children Qualefiers and al●yers of the heate of bloud 〈…〉 Li. 1. Off. Ill customes must by little and litle be taken away Chaunge in olde men daūgerous Cicero in Senect Lib. 5. de tuēd Val. The profite th●t cōmeth by exercise Order of exercise Slouthe and ease hurtful Aduertisement to the s●●dious Horace in Arte Poet. Sortes of exercise Frēch king killed in runninge at the Tylt 1559. Gentler exercises Musick chere●h maketh meerie the mynd of man. De valet lib. 5. A fit exercise for crokebacked persons To try good horses Recreatiōs not commēdable Husbandry praysed Heau sce 1. Act. 1. Saciety or fulnes of Stomacke to be eselievved Epidi 6. Aphor. 5. The harme of Venerie or Carnall Copulatiō Bloudlettīg not rashlye to be enter pryled Bloud spirite the treasure of life Not good for men in health to vse medicine Vomite seldome to be prouoked De ratione vict lib. 1. When to vomite Eccle. 31. To what persons vomyting is hurtfull The commodities of sleepe epist. 4. The day appointed for labour and the night for rest Eight hours for Sleepe Sound Sleepers Whye children and Dronkerdes be sleepye Who bee soone awaked oute of sleepe Wylie winkers Catchpoles Iuuen. Sat. 1. Lib. 1. Amor. The maner howe to lye in bedde Lying vpon the backe very vnholsome daūgerous Sleeping in the day hurtfull The harmes of ouerwatching All mē subiect to affections The greate hurts of affections Angre Tuscul 5. Tranquility of mynde Temperāce Goddes holye spirite subdueth qualy fieth outragyous affections Heate the stayer and maintener of lyfe Cold the decay spoile of life Cold coupled wyth heate In cold bodyes heate doth not altogether lacke Creatures in touching cold The bloude of Fishes is cold What sorts of fishes beinge taken oute of the water liue longest Eatynge of fishe hurtfull to them that are giuen to be solytarie Genes 1. Act. 10. 1. Tim. 4. Solytary lyuers subiect to the Apoplexie A Snayles life Venemous Herbes Eccle. 12. Tokens of a colde Complexion Idlenes maketh the body fat and cold Heate maketh good colour Cold wasteth and taketh awaye colour Wanne colour The hungry Sicknesse Cold things stirre vp appetite Cold persōs drowsie and vnweldie The help cure of a cold body Foules hard of digestion Meates fit for cold persons Gardeine store Hoat Condimentes If men bee loath to be sicke it followeth that they be loth to die Death dreadfull Sinne the cause of sicknes death Sap. 2. 2. Kindes of death De Senect To be long lyued Notes of a dry Cōplexion Lib. 2. Metam Baldnes cōmeth for lacke of humour Dry brayne causeth ill Memory Good Mēmorye Restoring● of the memorye Galen lib. 5. de tuen Val. Lib. 6. de tuend val Hard wynes or of the second sort Mylke Herbes hauing vertue to make one to pisse Lib. 2. Sat. 4. Turpentine holesome Lib. 3. de tuen Val. lib. 5. tuē val Preparīg of Turpētine To make Turpentine liquide and potable Sleepe Friction Lib. 2. de tuen Val. Sixe sorts of Frictions Lucae 7. Lib. 15. Artificiall Bath Naturall Bathes Carnal dealing wyth womē very hurtfull to dry and cold complexiōs Studying by night and Candlelight hurtful Bodelye health De tuēd Valet Bodye and mynde sick and wel together ▪ A holesome exercise for students Moderate banquetting not discommēdable Recreation of the mynd Comelye mirth at the Table Sat. 1. Lib. Ser. 2. Sat. 2. Curiosity in searching to high miste-ries Eccle. 3. Eche thinge ought to be done in his due time right order Moyst Cōplexion Heate in mā likened to the Sūne and moysture to the Moone The influēce force of the Moone The tokens of a moyste body Graye eyes Moyst complexiōs not geuen to be malicious spightful Moyste natures not fumish and testy Tokens of a moyst complexioned body Euery parte of the body is by it selfe seuerally to be considered hath his proper temperature The state of the mynde in moyst cōplexions Why men be wyser then womē Eccl. 42 Carnall lust in Sommer to mē hurtfull Rue prouoketh lust in women but taketh it vtterly awaye in men Diet meete for a moyst Cōplexiō Diet ouer moyst hurtful Moderate sleepe good for moyst persons Moyst folks must sleepe but very litle Sat. 1. Lib. 2. Aphor. 44. Moystare feedeth nourisheth heate Accordinge to the nourishment that a mā is fed withall humours eyther encrese or diminish The grosse exhalacion of humours hurtfull to the minde as dead and fulsome wyne is to the body Concord harmony in mans body De Natu ▪ humana Humours after a sort are the elemēts of man. Eunuch Act. 4. Scaen. 5. The force and vertue of Seede Sounde parents beget sound Children Elemētes 4. Qualities 4. Humours 4. The nature of bloud Phlegme Choler Melācholie In bloud all the other humous are mixed When a veine is opened all the humours are ocularly to be seene Humours haue both colour and tast Spettle and Sweat haue their force power of humours Tuēd Val Lib. 6. De Tēp 1 Temperatures subiect to chasige Old men by nature dry but in conditiō moyst Dissensiō diuersitie of opinions daungerous The profite of bloud Leuit. 17. The cause why Moses forbad the eating of Bloud● Bloude not rashlye nor vnaduisedly to be let Whēce th● Arteries Veynes spring The Lyuer the shop of Bloud The heart fountaine of bloud The colour sheweth what humours be in the body Tuend val lib. 4. Affectes of the mynde chaung the colour of the face and body 1.
shyning brightnes clarifye illuminate all the senses whose mynisterie the minde vseth making them ready and apte throughlye to atchieue and execute their due offices actions and charges And therefore this old Verse althoughe not curiouslye penned and fyled which is common almoste in euerye mans mouth seemeth to me not altogether absurd neyther much swaruinge from truth Mens sapit Pulmo loquitur Fel suscitat iras Spen ridere facit cogit amare iecut In English thus VVitte from the Mynde Speach frō the Lūges From Gall proceedeth Ire From Mylte is caused Laughter from The Lyuer Loues desire From the functions of which Entrailes the Heart which is the founteyne of lyfe and natural heat and the oryginall of vitall spyrite is not excluded as in whom resteth the chiefest and moste pryncipal power and faculty in the exployting of any thinge incident to Nature Of it such famous men as excell and be renowmed for wysedome and experience are called Cordati they that want and are further of from the same are termed by names taken of the impotencie imperfection of the mynde in that behalfe of such affections as differ moste from Temperaunce and moderation Herevppon are they that nosle themselues in Slouth ydlenesse negligence lazynesse ease neyther addicting themselues to any profitable studie tendinge to the Glorye of God neyther to their owne auayle and furtheraunce in dyrectinge them to anye vertuous lyuinge are called Socordes And an other sort worse then these called Vecordes be they which ymagine and deuise in their mind nothing but fraud collusion deceipt murther treachery burninge treason spoyle of their felow cytizens destruction to their natiue Countrey and finally in theyr mindes laye the Platforme and weaue the toyle of most villanous myschyeues Which inwarde vyces and gracelesse outrages of the mynde euidētly and apparaūtly descry and shew oute themselues in the eyes face countenaunce forehead eyebrowes and in all the outward shape and habite of the body besyde if it so happen that they be therein taken tardye they frette and fume they slampe and stare they stand mute and speachlesse they stagger and solter they cogge and dissemble they wrangle face out the matter they flatly denye the deede or else aunsweare so doubtfullye and perplexedlye y a mā cānot tel ▪ wher to haue them finally eyther they will laye the faulte in an other mans necke as did Adam or els coigne odde shyftes to cleare themselues And if we be desyrous to haue a paterne of such a one let vs beholde Catiline a factious yonker as Salust reporteth and armed wyth the brandes of sedition against his frendes and Conntrey whose colour through the conscience of his vngratious deedes disquietnes of mynde was pale as ashes and without anye bloude his eyes terrible and grymme his pace gate somewhile quicke and somewhyle slow and in whose face and countenaunce a very harebrained and raging madnesse appeared Wyth the like furie and outrage was kinge Saule incensed to commit murthers manye other detestable enormyties Cayn also stynged with the same furyes and remorse of mynde for killinge his brother fell into desperation and vtterly mystrusted any forgeeuenes or mercy For when as the Lord God examyned him of the murther which he had committed and charged him with the haynous cruelty thereof Cain as thoughe he had bene guyltlesse in the matter flatly aunsweared that hee could neither tell what was become of his brother neyther where hee was nor howe he fared nor what he did but impudētly auerred himself vtterly ignoraūt of al dealings touching the same Of the defectes of the heart and infirmity of the minde and reasonable part are they termed Excordes in whom is restaunte some parte of Melancholie but the same brutishe for they be voyd of reason foolish blockeheaded doltishe dull and doating whom some plain wryters cal insensate S. Paule reprouing the Galathians of foolishnes calleth them 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say grossewitted dullards blockes fooles and not of capacity able to conceiue thinges good and holesome but starters backe from the profession and doctrine wherein he had instructed them And therefore the Brayne or principalitye of Reason conspyreth and agreeth with the strēgth and power of the heart and these twaine do mutually ayde one an other so that they in whom reigneth wit reason iudgemente and vnderstanding are very aptly called Cordati discrete and wyse For by the meanes of those helpes and furtheraunces they stoutly attempte and couragiously compasse great and waightye matters and what soeuer the mynde conceyueth they by direction and guyding of wysedome bring to passe and execute The other afore rehearsed Entrailes haue also their proper force and efficacie as the Gal ministreth cause and occasion to Anger brawlinge contention chydinge and quarellinge The Lyuer abounding with Bloud heated with Wyne incyteth the Reynes to the desyre of amorous embracements fleshly concupiscence lecherous lust riot and lasciuiousnes The heart by help of the Lūges the vocal Artery and tongue which serueth for vtteraunce of woordes and internall deuises expresseth and vttereth the cogitatiōs and meanings of the mynde The Splene or Mylt if it be not otherwise empeached maketh a man exceedingly to delite in iestinge laughter myrth pastime and wātonnes mynding no earnest matters but letting the world slyde geeueth himselfe to passe the time merilye Contrariwyse if it bee surcharged and ouerwhelmed with toomuch cōfluxe of fylthye Humour and be debarred or disappoynted of the ordinarye helpe and ayde of the Lyuer either through imbecillity or obstruction then bringeth it manye discommodities and annoyaunces no lesse hurtful and preiudicial to the mynde then to the bodye as Heauynesse sorowe sadnesse feare and dread of myssehappe to come carefulnesse thought desperation distrust that ▪ is to say cleane out of hope of any better Fortune Which affections and perplexities cast a mā into exceeding griefe torment vexation and martyrdome wearing away his beauty and wasting his bodely comelynesse and making him to loke lyke syluer al fustyed wyth chimney soote or as bright and handsome things in a reekie house that are besmered dusked and smoked For when the dregges refuse of Humours haue recourse thyther in greater abundaunce then the heate and naturall power of the member is able to wield and qualefye the greater is the decaye thereof and much more daungerously is it oppressed For as a Porter or labouringe man which caryeth burdens heauier then his strength will allowe cannot but fall downe vnder the waight thereby many times hurtinge both himselfe and spoyling his cariage So when greater stoare of Melancholique iuyce is conueighed deryued into this viscous member then it is eyther able to beare or by concoctiō to ouercome it is thereby sundry wyse distempered and brought into many diseases For when the Splene is affected the Stomacke consequently suffreth cruditie loathing of