Selected quad for the lemma: heart_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heart_n	artery_n	blood_n	lung_n	3,010	5	11.3115	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A05049	A most excellent and learned vvoorke of chirurgerie, called Chirurgia parua Lanfranci Lanfranke of Mylayne his briefe: reduced from dyuers translations to our vulgar or vsuall frase, and now first published in the Englyshe prynte by Iohn Halle chirurgien. Who hath thervnto necessarily annexed. A table, as wel of the names of diseases and simples with their vertues, as also of all other termes of the arte opened. ... And in the ende a compendious worke of anatomie ... An historiall expostulation also against the beastly abusers, both of chyrurgerie and phisicke in our tyme: with a goodly doctrine, and instruction, necessary to be marked and folowed of all true chirurgie[n]s. All these faithfully gathered, and diligently set forth, by the sayde Iohn Halle.; Chirurgia parva. English	Lanfranco, of Milan, 13th cent.; Hall, John, b. 1529 or 30.	1565 (1565)	STC 15192; ESTC S109324	283,008	454

neruus est aut partibus uicinus aut iis counitus That there is no mouyng neyther payne felte but where there is a sinewe eyther nighe the partes greued or conioyned with them Of the Chorde or Tendon The .v. Chapi THe fyfthe are the Chordes or Tendons called in Greke Tenonta in Latyne Tendines that beare the name of symple members Official and spermatike but they are compounde of Lygamentes and toughe synewes and therefore are they stronge and towghe colde and drye of complexion meane betwene harde and softe or as Galen sayth so much harder then the synewe as it is softer then the Ligament sensible flexible And ther are certayne causes to be consydered why the chordes were compounde as I sayde of synewes and ligamentes together The fyrst is that the synewes beyng altogether sensitiue suffice not alone to susteyn the great labour and trauayle that the tendon necessarylie doth suffer wherefore beyng compounde with the insensyble ligament there is made a temperature betwene sensible insensible that so the mouing may neither be paīful nor vtterly without feling And by reason of the synewie substance of the chordes they haue motyue vertue accordynge to the appetyte or will of the soule or desyre of the mynde Moreouer I fynde that these chordes or tendons growe out of the fleshy muscles and that for good consyderation great skyll for on these muscles haue the chordes a restyng place after their great trauayle And these fleshie muscles are clothed with a thin skyn or panicle whiche panicle serueth as well to kepe the fleshe of the muscle in due forme as also that the sayd muscles should moue alone accordyng to the wyll without the disturbance of the partes adiacent or next them And I vnderstande that this musculous fleshe hathe within it manye smalle fybers or thredes of a synewie substance wherein there is noted to be wyll and those thredes come to the composition of the tendons And three properties is to bee noted in the will of these aforesayde muscles that is to saye length wherein is conteyned the vertue attractiue bredthe wherein is the vertue expulsyue and ouerth wartues in whiche is the vertue retentyue and at the endes of those muscles these fybers or thredes gather themselues together agayne and make an other muscle and so haue they their generalle procedynges thorow oute all the bodie Iohannes de Vigo aleagyng Auicen numbereth the muscles to be 531. but here I omytte to declare the profe of the sayde number by resiting them particulerlie accordynge to their places trustynge that this is sufficiēt in this briefe treatyce The muscle is called in Latine Musculus a mure that is of a mouse and therefore in Greke also 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 for as a mouse is biggest in the myddest smallest at bothe endes so is a muscle And it is lykewyse called a lacerte of the lytle beaste named a Lyzarde and in Latyne Lacertus Thus in thys .v. chapiter I haue shewed aswell the nature aud makynge of the muscles as of the cho●de or tendon The description of the mnscles by order of anatomye do the Grecians calle Miotomen Of the Pannicles The vi Chapiter Of the Arterie or Pulse The .vii Chapiter SEuenthlye the Artery or Pulse called bothe in Greke and Latine Arteria and in olde Englishe the Wosen whose dissection also the grecians call Arteriotomen is a member symple and spermatike sinewye and holow hauinge his beginnyng at the heart and it bryngeth from the same spirite and life vnto all the members of the body and it is of complexiō cold and dry And euery artery hath two coates excepte onlye Arteria Venosa called in Englyshe the vēnalle artery because he hathe but one coate as hathe the veyn whose office only is being implanted in the lunges to conuey freshe ayer alwayes to the heart That the great heate of the hearte caused by hys continualle motion maye therby be refrigerate cooled mitigated by entring that least ventricle therof euen as the arteriall● veyne called Vena arteriosa which comming as some affirme from the bothome of the hearte on the ryghte syde beareth bloude and spirite from the hart to the lunges to quycken and nourish them And hereis to be noted a notable error or ouersyght in 〈◊〉 booke of Anatomye whereas this arterialle veyne is acounted all one wyth Arteria magna ▪ and allo the offyces bothe of the venalle arterye and the arterialle veyne are applied to the venalle arterye only All the other arteries haue eche of them two coates that the spirit of life in them conteyned maye the better and more certainlye be preserued from hurte outewardlye and also that the sayd liuelye spiryte maye be the better reteyned wythin that it passe not oute before hys tyme tyll all the extreme partes haue it minystred vnto them Where as if it were preuented before it came at them there woulde folowe mortyfication of the members for the arteriall spiryte is more subtyll and pearceth soner vnto the quickenynge of the members then doothe the venalle or nutrimentalle bloude Therefore one coate would not suffyce to carye it to those extreme partes but that it woulde be preuented and wasted by the way before it come to thē Wherof woulde folowe the incommodities before resited Of the Veyne The .viii. Chapiter EIghtlye the veine named in Latin Vena 〈◊〉 as some wyll because bloude commeth therby to all partes of the body in Greeke Phlebion and the dyssectyon of them Phlebotome is a symple member as is the artery colde and drye of complexion and Spermatyke but as the arterye hathe hys beginnynge from the hearte so hathe the veyne his beginnynge from the lyuer and it bryngeth from thence nutrityue bloude vnto all the members of the bodye to nourishe them wyth And I vnderstande as well by experyence as by that whiche I reade that there is no more difference betwene the veyne and the arterye but that one hauynge two coates and commynge from the hearte is the vessell of vitall and spirituall bloude and the other hauynge but one coate commynge from the lyuer is the vessell of nutritiue bloud And thys is generally in all veines except only the arteriall veyn● whych as in the seuenth Chapiter I sayd procedeth immediatlye from the hearte And amonge all the veines there are two moste pryncipalle from whyche the braunches of all the reast procede that is to saye Vena porta and Vena Coele whiche some calle Vena Caua ●r Magna and these two haue their beginnings in the lyuer I fynde ●n Regi●ine sanitatis salerni the number of veines in mannes bodye to be three hundreth thre score and fyue wyth these woordes Ex tricentenis decies 〈…〉 But I thyncke thys number to be mente of ●●tay●e notable veynes whyche by order of Anatomye maye be made open to the senses and not

is necessarye to breake the aer and to make diuers voyces And sometime it happeneth that it excedeth his due forme by diuers affectes by the whyche also it varyeth by names as when it excedeth in lengthe it is of that forme called Columella and when in roundnesse like a grape it is called Vuea or Vuula Upon these pipes are ordeined diuers synewes greate small open and priuye whiche come from the syxte and seuenth payre of synewes of the braine and they are medled with the muscles of the necke and throte with the thyrde and fourthe paire of synewes of Nucha Upon the righte side and vpon the lefte side of the pype of the longes called Arteria aspera are certeine greate and manifest black veines called Guidegi Iugulares and vnder them are ii arteryes of whose cuttinge and persynge the bloude runneth from the hearte and lunges from whence they come Wherby the lunges are diseased and hurte and theyr naturall poure hindered and let and also it bryngeth diseases to the hearte whervpon often times sodaine death foloweth And therefore all the incisions that be made in the throte oughte to be done after the lengthe wherefore it is necessarye that we eschue the veines of the throte and especiallye those that be greate and those that ●e called Iugulares or Guidegi For vnder euerye veine of the throte is hid an arterye in the which there procedeth spirite of life and natural heat immediatlye from the heart and the lunges And therefore it openly apeareth that all cuttings of thys place are dreadfull and perillous Understande that the throte is fastened to the furcle of the brest in the place called Iugulum or Pixis Gulae ▪ whyche is the boxe or holownesse of the throte and the necke is fastened wyth the hynder parte of the seuenthe spondill whych is the fyrste spondill of the brest and also it is fastened with the spade bone of the shoulder that it maye moue the better and the more mightilye when nede requireth That the shape and forme thereof maye also be sene the fayrer and the better And betwene the shoulders behynde at the nether ende of the necke are ventoses vsed for diuers diseases of the heade and the partes therof both wyth scarification and wythoute scarification as in good authors ye shal rede as the experte Chirurgien knoweth by experience THE SECONDE PARTE OF the Anatomy treatinge of the forme and shape of the shoulder and the adiutory of the arme the hande and the fyngers The .i. Chapiter ☞ Of the shoulder and the chan●ll bone AFter the neck and the throte as wel on the righte side as on the lefte is ordeined a shoulder called Humerus in greke Omos and of some Brachiō Wherin there are .iii. bones knyt that by the meanes of that forme and shape the makinge therof may be the more noble and fayre and also the more profytable to mouynge and workynge The firste of these bones is the broade bone of the shoulder whyche manye learned men calle Scoptulum opertum and the Grecians O●oplatan i. humerum latuni and we vulgarlye Spatulam whose forme and fashion in the hynder ende or parte towarde the necke is broade lyke a bakers pele And in hys lengthe he hathe an edge that stretcheth to the heade of thys bone towarde the shoulder passynge endlynge to the broade ende whiche is towarde the necke In whiche brode ende is knit a gristle whiche spreadeth a longe besyde the spondilles of the brest vnto the seuenth spondill of the necke And on the other ende towarde the shoulder this bone waxeth greate in the ende whereof is a holownesse whiche is called the boxe of the shoulder bone Wherein the rounde heade of the adiutorye turneth as it accordeth to necessitye in the workinge of thys member Thys bone was made in this manner that the bones of the brest and of the necke shoulde be the stronger and surer in the shoulder and that the adiutorye shoulde not be dislocate or put oute of ioynte for euerye lyghte cause And by this it manifestlye appeareth that the bone of the adiutory can not be dislocated backwarde In the former parte of the shoulder is ordained a bone called Clauis or Iugulum in greke Cleis and in English the furcule or canel bone which is tyed with the broade bone beinge the seconde of the .iii. bones of the shoulder and it is there sette that this member maye abide the better in hys strengthe and to beare vp that place that it goe not oute forwarde by anye small or lyghte occasion And thys bone is lesse then the broad bone of the shoulder in his knitting that the shape of that place maye be the fairer and the more formable and also that it shoulde not let the mouynge of the adiutorye And so it plainlye appeareth by reason of the beinge lesse of thys bone in that parte that the roundnesse of the adiutorye maye be dislocate forwarde And after these bones there are insensible ligamentes whyche binde and knit those bones together And there is a certeine lygature in the middle of the aforesayde boxe or holownesse entering the round end of the adiutory whych knytteth the said round end with the aforesayde boxe Of the breakinge and ouer stretchinge of whyche succedeth a continuall departinge so that therby the restoringe of the dislocation is letted or hindered In so much that other whyle when the bone is reduced and broughte agayne to hys situation and being after the restoringe therof it will leape or springe oute agayne And vnder the shoulder betwene the arme and the bodye is the place emunctory wheras the hearte dothe sende forthe in the time of Pestilence or other venemous feuers suche thynges as are vnto hym noious and contrarye as experience proueth of the filthye Apostemes that there come forthe at suche tymes in that place The .ii. Chapiter Of the bone adiutorium then of the elbow the arme the hand wyth the number figure and offyces of the bones and other partes in these conteyned THe thirde bone of the shoulder is the adiutory which is rounde wythout and holow within called Brachion .i. humerus ▪ and commonlye Aditorium os Thys bone is greate thyn and in hys holownesse full of marowe of whiche marowe he receiueth necessary moystnesse And his vpper ende is rounde goinge into the bore of the shoulder bone where it is knytte and turneth aboute holdē betwene his ligatuues wyth the other two bones in that place as it is a boue sayde The other ende of the adiutorye is fastened wyth the ii cubite bones or fociles whereas he hathe .ii. knottes in forme like pullyes whiche enter into the holowe cuppes and cauities of the two Focilles per Enarthrosin whose names are beneth wrytten wherof the vpper focil or cubite bone is the lesse and stretcheth from the thumbe vnto the ioynte of the elbowe But the

hereafter in the lunges Here also mighte be to greate purpose declared the great secretes of these firste mouinges whiche are in the hearte called in greke Systole and Diastole in latine Contractio Dilatatio whiche are compared in this orbicle of diuers learned men to the primum mobile or firste mouer in the greate orbe For these mouinges are the first cause of all other mouinges as of pulses in the arteries and so of all the rest But because those secretes passe the capacitye of the cōmon sorte and also that I should breake my purpose of briefnes I omit them and wil now speake of the lunges or lightes The. iii. Chapiter ☞ Of the lunges and theyr partes and offyces THe lunges also called in Greke Pneumon and in latine Pulmo are set in the same holownesse which are cold and moist of complexion and is deuided into v. lobes or partes iii. or the ryght syde and. ii on the left And ther is also the pannicle Mediastinum being of like composytion wyth Diaphragma And as Diaphragma deuideth the region of the brest and the partes therof from the belly so dothe Mediastinum deuide the lunges and the brest into ii seueral partes after the lengthe And thys deuisyon of the lunges in partes was ordeined that if one part perishe an other may serue the turne And. iii. kindes of vessels we finde in the lunges worthy of note The firste is an arteriall veine mencioned in the firste treatise chapi 8. comminge from the hearte and brancheth into the lūges bringyng from the heart liuely spirite and nutrimentall bloud vnto them The seconde is a venal arterye wherof I haue spoken in the firste treatise cha 7. conueying from all partes of the lunges into the lefte ventricle of the hearte freshe aer as well to temper and mytigate the greate heate thereof as also to be made there by mixinge wyth moste fyne bloude pure and liuely spirit by the workynge of the hearte to be sente to the great arterye and from him by all other arteries to all and euerye parte of the bodye The thirde is Arteria aspera throughe whome the lunges drawe in and put forthe aer for whose farther description looke in the ende of the firste chapiter of thys treatise And from the firste spondill of the brest whiche if ye begin to number at the vpper end of Nucha is the. viii spondill of the ridge from this spondill I saye commeth two sinewes which geue felyng and mouing to the whole brest for of them are made the muscles and the mouing synewes of that place And note that some of the mouinge synewes and muscles of the brest moue according to the wil whiche for the moste parte come from the. vi and. vii paire of synewes of the brayn and of Nucha and some synewes moue by the natural makinge of the brest Which is knowne by the disease or sicknesse called Apoplexia The cōdition wherof is suche that before the time of the sycknesse the breste moueth but in the houre of sycknesse it can not moue For in the time of sicknesse in this disease the braine is founde stopped from whence these synewes procede so that by the sayde stoppinge of the braine the animall spirites be suffocate and may not distende in the sayde synewes to do their operation in mouynge The. iiii Chapiter ¶ Of the veines of the brest and their beginnynges and procedinges and howe incisyon shoulde be done in the brest and the partes thereof THe veines that are in the aforesaide skin deuidinge the brest nourishynge those partes come from the seconde branche of Vena caua whiche is the lesse of the two greate veynes that haue theyr begynninge in the holownesse of the liuer Whiche braunche commeth into Diaphragm or the midrife frō thence it goeth endlōg into th● forsayde skyn whiche deuideth the brest called Mediastinum And wyth these goe other veines whiche come from the thirde branche of vnknowne veines in the ryghte eare of the hearte But the arteryes whiche come to the forsayde skyn and the brest procede or issue of a braunche that commeth from the greate arterye whiche groweth in the lefte eare of the heart And euerye arterye brancheth forth vnder the veines so that euerye member that is nouryshed by veynes is quickened and kepte by the liuelye spirite of the arteries whiche procede vniuersally vnder the said veines And know that all the veines and arteries which come openly to the nurishinge of the members of the brest and especially in the vtter part procede in their going according to the length of the ribbes and of the bones of the brest ye and so doe also the greate synewes whiche come to the making of the muscles of the brest hauing their beginnyng of Nucha wythin the spondills of the same Wherfore it euydentlye appereth howe and in what maner the apostemes of these places shoulde be cutte and howe cauteries oughte to be done in the same when nede requireth Therefore as muche as maye be they oughte to be done in those places accordinge to the goinge of the rybbes in lengthe and so shall there no synewe be hurte nor errore committed For when incisions and cauteries be thus done accordynge to the lengthe and that in the vtter moste lowest and moste dependente places of suche worke I saye commeth the spediest shortest and fairest ende of ●urations And moste prone apte and redy to digestion mundification consolidation desiccation c. as experience manifesteth THE FOVRTHE PARTE OF Anatomye whiche declareth the forme and shape of the whole sircuite of the wombe namelye from the mouthe of the stomache vnto the hanches and of the spondilles of that region The. i. Chapiter ¶ Of the region of the bellye and the pannycles of the same and the bones of that parte THe third ventricle is the belly called in latine Venter which albeit that we here recite last is the firste pece of worke to be begun in order of di●ection of the bodye least otherwise putrefaction hinder the whole worke It beginneth at the lowest ribbes and endeth in the grindes and share and this whole circuit is verye lose and softe First then vpon all the rest is the vtter skin cōmon to all the bodye In the whiche aboute or very nere the middes of the bellye is seene as it were a little rounde py●te or hole whiche is an ornamente not vnsemelye to that parte commonlye called in Englishe the nauell in greke Omphalos in latine Vmbilicus From whiche a certaine holow tying like in forme to a gutte procedeth infestinge it selfe in the holowe syde of the lyuer The offyce whereof was in the mothers wombe to bringe bothe bloude and spirite from the mother to the liuer of the childe and so from the liuer to all the members of the bodye and also to expel after digestion the superfluous iuyce whiche after the birthe is the vrine and

it behoueth the Chirurgien to haue respecte howe he maketh incisions as in opening of apostemes or otherwise in these places For whye for as muche as all the muscles synewes tendones arteryes and veines of this place namely from the shoulders to the endes of the fingers goe and procede after the lengthe it requireth that the incisions and cauteries of those places shoulde be done alwaies accordinge to the procedynge of the aforsaide members in lengthe And it semeth that the veine Cephalica whyche is in the bought of the arme and sheweth hym selfe in the vpper focile goinge for the betwene the thumbe and the forefinger serueth to the head and the partes therof And likewise the veine that is in the lower parte of the bought of the arme called Basilica whose branche as I saide before appeareth betwene the litle finger and the ringe finger and there is named Saluatella serueth to the liuer and the splene because it procedeth from a parte of the veine that nurisheth the lower members And also the cōmon veine whych apeareth in the midest of the bought of the arme semeth to serue both to the vpper and the nether partes and that because he groweth bothe of the shoulder veine called Humeralis and of the arme hole veyne called Axillaris as it euidently appereth And note that all the veines here specified procede of that parte of Vena concaua that ascendeth vp to the hart putting forthe one greate braunche into the holownesse of the same And after so ascendinge is yet deuided on eche syde into .ii. branches of the whiche one branche spredeth to all the rybbes to Pleura Diaphragma nourishing them The other goeth to the fore parte of the brest and so to the place of the furcle where it is againe triplye deuided Wherof one braunche ascendynge by the necke vp to the heade is deuyded into all partes of the same The seconde goeth to the shoulder and the thirde to the arme hole Of whyche two doe procede all the deuisyons whose names and places of section are here declared wherby it appeareth what coligance and vnity these veines haue with the heade the hart and the liuer THE THIRDE PARTE OF Anatomy which sheweth the shape forme of the furcules and of the ribbes of the brest and the chine bone of that part vnto the mouthe of the stomache The .i. Chapiter ¶ Of the brest and the .xii. turninge ioyntes of that region wyth the rybbes and other bones and partes as Pleura c. VNder the throte in the foreparte therof are ordeined the .ii. bones called Claues Furculae and of some Iugula in english the canell bones which he round wythout and holowe wythin And they are fastened at the one end in the shoulder as I haue shewed in the. ii chapiter At the other end they are fastened together with the vppermoste parte of the brest at the pit of the throte At which pit beginneth the region of the brest holdinge in the forepart of Pectorale called of Galen Sternon whych is constytute but of iii. bones althoughe some number them vii as you se Lanfranke doth accordinge to the. vii longe ribbes of eche side ioyning to them whiche are in dede fastened to those ribbes eche of them to other with a gristelly substance that extendeth it self with a sce●lder flexible poynt beneathe those bones like the poynt of a sworde ouer the mouthe of the stomach and therfore is called of dyuers authors in greke Xiphocides and in latin Scutiformis or Ensiformis Whiche by his bowing geueth roume to the stomache and yet by his gristlye hardnesse defendeth it from hurt And in that place or nighe to the same beneth is the mouth of the stomache And this lengthe with the knittinges together of gristlye substances and the makinge of these bones wyth the ribbes in the ridges is proprelye called the brest in Greke Thorax and in Latine Pectus And of ryb●es there are on eche side .xii. called Costae whyche are fastened wyth xii of the spondils whiche are proprelye the spon●ils of the brest and called therefore Metaphreni Vertebrae as the nexte of the spondilles downe warde whiche be .v. in number are called Lumborum Vertebrae the spondilles of the reines And those xii ribbes are bowinge in the maner of halfe a compasse of the which there are vii called Costae Verae which beinge fastened at the hynder endes wyth the spondilles of the backe are byggest in the myddest whose former endes are fastened wyth the gristles of the. iii. bones of Sternon v. of those xii rybbes are shorte and reche not to Sternon as doe the other vii but are only fastened in the spondilles behynde therfore called Costae Spuriae in English fals ribbes or backwarde rybbes because when the formoste endes of them be bowed downe they bow vpward againe For they haue no fastening at the fore endes as haue the. vii greate ribbes whyche are fastened as I sayde ere while wyth the bones of the brest and take their knittinges of them note that alonge the syde vnder or within these ribbes is a pannycle or skyn called Pleura wherin is engendered the inflāmation called Pleuritis and in Englyshe the pleurisye The. ii Chapiter ¶ Of the hearte ANd wythin those bones that is to saye the bones of the brest the rybbes and the spondilles of the same wythin the holownesse that is made of them I saye is the heart named in Greeke Cardia and in Latyne Cor confyrmed and sette Whiche because he is the pryncipall member of all other members and the beginning of life is thus sette in the myddest of the breaste as ●orde and kinge to all the rest of whome he is obeyed and serued as a prince of hys subiectes And the hearte hathe bloude in hys owne substance wheras all other members haue it but in arteries and veines and in the hearte is the nutrityue bloude made liuelye spirite and caried forth in the arteries whiche in the hearte haue theyr beginnynge as I sayd sufficiently in the firste treatise And the heart is couered with a stronge pannicle called of the latines Capsula cordis and of the Grecians Pericardion And from the hearte procedeth the greate arterie whiche is called in latine Arteria magna from whome brauncheth and procedeth all the other arteries that are in anye member of the bodye by whiche meanes the spirite of life is caried to all the members of the same as it is sufficientlye saide in the firste treatise and the. vii chapiter And the hearte is an offyciall member spermatike and of a lacertous substance The greate ende wherof in his being leaneth and inclineth moste vnto the ryghte syde and the small ende leaneth moste vnto the lefte syde And in the hearte haue the venall arterye and the arteriall veine their begynninges of whose processes and offices I speake immediatlye

and also of Erasistratus Epencranis And thys parte is compacte together differynge euydentlye from the reasie of the brayne interhedged wyth the Pia mater as the other substance is but it is deuyded outwardlye as it were into manye thyn and sclender cy●cles neyther is it so whyte as the reasie of the brayne bu● composed as of certeyne hillockes couched together of 〈◊〉 curdy and britle substance wherin is conteined abundance of spirite Furthermore in the concauityes or celles of the former ventrycles there is founde conteyned a certen yelowishe waterye substance whyche is iudged to be the repurgynge or syncke of the humores of the brayne transcente from the glandulous bodyes before mentioned Whyche humores when so euer they superabounde doe fall downe by common passages into the trenche ouer the rouffe or palate of the mouthe ordeyned to receiue the same from whence it is expelled as well forwarde by the nosethrils as backwarde into the mouth Wherof in his place more shall be sayde But vppon thys humore in these former ventrycles is a certayne bodye wouen together of infinite veynes and arteryes commynge from the hearte growynge aboute the meruaylous nette called Rete Mirabile confirmed with a coate of Pia mater and thys contexed bodye is peculiarlye called of some Choriformis membrana And it so swymmeth in the foresayde humore beynge so slacklye bound and loselye tyed bothe to the bothome and the sydes of the holownesse that it deerreth and strayeth to and fro in the sayde humore folowynge notwythstandynge the exacte forme of the Crickes and corners of the said ventricles euen to the arche or vaulte Whose offyce is to woorke in the ventrycles inspyratyon e●pyratyon and efflatyon vnto whyche mouinge doubtlesse the whole substance of the brayne geueth place and is therby caused to moue and heaue The proofe of whyche operatyon maye be manifestlye seene and the braine euydentlye to moue bothe in yonge infantes erre theyr mouldes be closed and also in suche as by chaunce haue theyr sculles broken Wherof Galen vpon good reason did attribute Diastolen Systolen also to the brayne and also by this workinge the vitall spirite in the arteries is there made animall In the boughte or bosome of this Choriformis are the spirites receyued and conteined as yet grosse and vnpure that by the former ventricles they may there be wroughte and prepared before they enter the middle ventricle and the sēses therof Wherin they are made also yet more perfecte that afterwarde they maye descende into the .iiii. or laste ventricle of Cerebellum and to this purpose certeyne passages wayes or pores are ordayned to leade the said spirites from one cell into another Which that it should not to sone or vntimelye be done There is a certeine delicate glandulous bodye ordeyned vnderlyinge the holowe pore wherof I doe immediatlye make mention called Conarion because it representeth the forme of a Pine apple called Conus Whiche by his naturall propertye stoppeth the pore in suche wise that the sayde spirites maye not be caryed before theyr time into the Cerebellum The lyke wherof may be seue in a glandule lyinge vpon the gutte Pylorum whych wil suffer no substāce to passe oute of the stomache into the sayde gutte before the full tyme and complete ende of digestion There is moreouer a certeyne holowe pore whyche of some is called the thyrde ventrycle and of other a perforation onlye Constitutynge the thyrde ventrycle to be the vaulted body aboue the common holownesse of the former ventrycles whyche because it is lyke an arche or vault is called of the Grecians Camarion and Psallio●ides the common sorte call it Fornicem and Corpus fornicatum Whyche vaulted body was of nature made in the brayne that the vpper substance of the same myghte be the stronglyer susteyned But nowe concernynge the sayde pore whych some yea and Galen hym selfe constituteth the thyrd ventrycle It is dyuerslye wouen together his vpper partes being couered of a subtill panycle but there not weake whyche also reacheth euen to the holownesse of the hyndermoste ventricle There are also on the sydes belongynge to the sayde pore certeine longe and sclender emynences growing oute from the substance of the brayne called Glutiae or Naticulae whose nighe concurse and vicinitye passinge together thou maist saythe Galen liken aptly to buttockes touchynge together one an other thoughe some likeninge them to the testicles had rather call them Didymia But they are called of the late wryters Anceformes because they are like boughtes or buttockes And these Anceformes do strengthen and thrust together the wormlike processe called Vermiformis epiphysis whose function is chiefly to stoppe and open the pore by contractinge together or distending it selfe by length in the same wherof also it hathe hys name whose end or extreme part is aboute the lower parte of the thirde ventricle called of the Grecians Scoleco●ides But for the copiouse declaration of the causes of these and other names wyth many other circumstances herevnto belonging for briefnesse sake here I leaue the louynge reader vnto the perfecte ennarratio●s of Galenus Vesalius and Carolus Stephanus where thy desyres maye be satisfyed at the full And nowe accordinge to the grounded iudgementes of the learned I will procede to the senses or wittes conteyned and wroughte in these celles In the fyrste parte of the former ventricles are founded the common wyttes or senses called otherwise the .v. witts as hearinge seinge smellinge felynge and tasting And in one parte of this also is sayde to be the vertue of searchyng called Phantasia whyche vertue taketh all the formes or ordinances disposed of the aforsaide .v. wyttes accordinge to the mouinge and remouinge of sensible thynges In the other parte of the sayde ventricles is ordeyned the vertue imaginatiue which representeth to the vertue memoratiue what so euer it receiueth of the common wyttes as the shape or forme of sensible thinges c. as they were receaued from withoute In the mydell cell or ventricle is constituted the vertue cogitatyue or estimation whyche pondereth wayeth iudgeth and declareth all suche thinges as are therto offered and broughte from the aforsayde vertues Nowe lastlye the fourthe or hyndermoste ventricle of Cerebellum conteineth and preserueth in it selfe the vertue memoratiue Wherby it is noted the cell or store house of that excellente vertue of memorye or remembrance From the whyche Cerebellum at the extreme partes therof procedeth forthe the Medulla or pithe of the backe whyche as Galen sayth is of one substance with the brayne and is clothed wyth lyke panicles passynge downe in the holownesse of the spondilles or turning ioyntes euen to the end of the ridge And as the whole frame of spondils together is of the likenesse it hathe by reason of his manifolde scraggy processes with the thorne called Spina dorsalis in Greke M●tiaea acantha

set on eche syde vpon the harde bone Petrosū whyche is a parte of the bone Mendosum hauynge in the holownesse therof a wrinckled crookednesse endinge wyth a number of pores By reason of whiche crookednesse there maye passe no instrument into the eares be it neuer so fine no not a bristle as Galen saythe in the nynthe eleuenthe bokes of the vse of partes Unto whyche holownesses on bothe sydes doe come the synewes of bearinge called Nerui audibiles which are of the fifthe coniugation of synewes of the braine whyche are sayd to be holow And wheras they come to the holes of the eares they are wrythed muche like a vine presse and are made at the endes like the heades of wormes and vpō these bones is made groweth a brode gristle whych we cal the ear wheron are planted certeyn sēsyble synewes cōminge frō the skin that couereth the scul wherw t also are conioyned some soft fleshy partes certen wryncles of veines and synewes halfe round Whyche the chirurgien must cut acco●dinge to that forme when anye cuttynges be nedefull in that place The .x. Chapiter ¶ Of the necke wyth the .vii. turnynge ioyntes therof and his other contentes VNder the heade in the hinder parte is the pith or marowe of the backe called Nucha and in greke Notiaeos Myelos vnder about the which are the .vii. spondilles or turning ioyntes of the necke called Septem Ceruicis uertebrae Out of the which Nucha betwene the spondilles go out .vii paier of sinewes so that the fyrst payer go out of the first holes of the spondilles The which holes are set against the beginnyng of Nucha wheras the sayde Nucha departeth from the brain And this first payer spread thē selues vpon the skin of the heade and there are made parte of the muscles The seconde paire goe oute of the seconde hole betwene the fyrste spondill and the second and it goeth to the skin of the head and geueth mouinge vnto it and in some partes it ioyneth it selfe wyth the muscles of the neeke and the cheke bones and geueth mouing vnto them The third paire goe out of the third spondill whyche are spred and departed vnto the mouing of the brode bone of the shoulder The fourth pair in like maner goe out of the vpper holes of the fourth spondill procedinge from thence to the muscles as well of the forepart as the hinder parte of the backe The fifthe payre goinge oute of the vpper holes of the fyfthe spondille are spread vpon the muscles of the midriffe and to the muscles mouing the heade and after to the muscles of the shoulder blades The sixte paire goeth oute of the vpper holes of the vi spondil The .vii. pair likewise goeth out of the vpper hole of the seuenth spondil which in their goinge out are departed vpward and downward vpon the muscles of the necke the head the brest and the throte And after the synewes muscles there are ordeined in the necke veines arteries both opē and hid in the neck be .ii. veines openly appearinge behinde the eares Of the which the cuttinge is dreadefull and dangerous because of the naturall heat in thē receiued of the hearte and the affinity they haue with the brain For whē they are cut ther foloweth ●wounding and diseases of many kindes of their great bleding And after the cutting they will not lyghtlye be stopped whervpon oftētimes foloweth death And therfore it plainly appereth that in al the apostemes of the necke or in what case or disease so euer happen in the necke wherin cutting must be had that those cuttinges muste be done according to the length because of the growing of the sinewes members of the necke And the aforsaid veines arteries the which he there tied together ought to be considered for frō those manifest veynes arteries vnder the eares there procede together other veines and arteries in such wise that ye can not perce nor cut the veines but that the arteries also must be perced and cut of which doing should succede the dangerous accidentes aforesayde The xi Chapiter ☞ Of the throte and the contentes thereof as the wynde pype and the Epiglot the Uvula and Almondes of the throte c. IN the forpart of the spondils of the necke beside the throte is set the pipe of the stomache called Meri or Oesophagus by whome meat drinke passeth to the stomache whych is made of stringes veines and arteries 〈…〉 commynge from the sixte payre of 〈…〉 And it is fastened in the throte wyth the sharpe arterye or pype of the lunges called Arteria aspera in greke Tracheia artesria Pharynx and Larynx thoughe some deuiding it somwhat more exactlye applye these two laste names and that most truelye to the vpper parte of the same whiche is made of gristles and of synewes comminge from the syxte payer of synewes of the braine and it is grainye and hathe lyttle hoopes in the vtter parte And where as it groweth wyth Oesophago or the pipe of the stomache in the vpper ende it is euen and softe And the throte is the beginninge of the sayde conductes or pipes in whyche there is an emptye place where as are fixed the two amigdales that is to saye the two peces of fleshe of the forme of two almondes one on the ryghte syde and an other in the lefte And these amigdales be fleshye and sinewye that they maye be the stronger for they geue enterance to the meate and drinke that it maye easily passe into the conduicte called Oesophagus And they also help the aer to enter into Tracheia arteria by the Epiglot for vpon the vpper ende of these wayes or pipes is a certayne coueringe whiche the grekes call Epiglottiden and the Latines Ligulam That in the time of eating there enter into the sharpe artery so to the lunges no hurtfull thyng nor any thing but aer or thynges like vnto aer And thou shalte vnderstande by Epiglottiden the knotte in the throte at the ende of the pipe whiche knot falleth downe and maketh diuers voyces And when a man eateth or swaloweth hys meate it couereth Arteriam asperam or the waye of aer but when one speaketh it is turned vpwardes so restinge erected betwene bothe the passages vntill throughe the occasyons aboue sayde there be nede of lyinge downe agayne as before For as we may see when men doe talke and eate bothe at once it often chaunceth that a cromme falleth into the sharpe artery at which time they can not leaue coughinge til the sayde cromme or what so it is be cast forthe agayne And thys Epiglottis is also called in Latyne of some Operculum Laringis And aboue the roote of the tungue is a certeyne instrumente that cleaueth to the palate in the inner parte of the mouthe called in greke Kion of the auncients Gargareon and in Latine Gurgulio whiche