Selected quad for the lemma: heart_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
heart_n	animal_n	spirit_n	vital_a	2,664	5	11.2180	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A02791	Harvvards phlebotomy: or, A treatise of letting of bloud fitly seruing, as well for an aduertisement and remembrance to well minded chirurgians, as also to giue a caueat generally to all men to beware of the manifold dangers, which may ensue vpon rash and vnaduised letting of bloud. Comprehended in two bookes: written by Simon Harvvard.	Harward, Simon, fl. 1572-1614.	1601 (1601)	STC 12922; ESTC S103856	94,484	154

vrine Secondly whether he haue bin wont naturally to abound with many ill and vicious humours and whether any outward signs therof haue appeared by itches pustles ring-wormes swellings inflammations and such like Thirdly whether any accustomed or naturall euacuations haue lately ceased as vomits hemorrhoides fistulaes fluxes bleedings at y● nose termes sweats and such like Fourthly whether they hauing bin accustomed heretofore to auoyd superfluities by Phisick and haue of late neglected it and not vsed such purgings vomits and bathes as heretofore they haue done Fiftly to examine not only the vrine but other excrements as egestions spittings sweates for as he sayth a little after The sweate declareth what humour aboundeth in all the body for it is whiter paler or yellower according as the humours be more or lesse phlegmatick or cholerick and if the humours be pu●rified the sauour of the sweate will greatly bewray it But in matters that do concerne the vaynes as doth especially Phlebotomy Galen will haue vs especially to respect the vrine We haue no effectuall and euident signe to discerne the superfluities that are in the vaynes but only that which is by vrine If the humour be altogether crude and raw the vrine will be thinne and watery and neither haue any hypostasis or sediment nor haue any cloudy matter hanging in the 〈◊〉 but when it is concocted these things do appeare and besides some thinne clowdes do swimme vpon the top If the thinne and thicker parts do quickly deuide and that the sediment be white and smooth and in euery part equall that sheweth that straightway care one can speake the word nature will euercome all If it be longer care the separation be made longer it will be care the humours be ouercome But if in the vrine there be no separation at all but that it remayne still as it was made or else if it do breake it be with a bad sediment then is nature weake and hath neede of some other help to digest the humours Many other signes there are of crudities as the small quantity of vrines signifying that by their rawnesse they are hardly sent out Likewise the thicknes of vrine shewing abundance of raw humours and thereupon depriuation of concoction Further the ill contents in vrine and the inequalitie of the palses but these and many other signes of diseasy crudities must not stay vs from letting of bloud if the greatnesse of the disease do require it and the party haue a full body and sufficient strength but rather as Fernelius sheweth when signes of crudities are we must vse Phlebotomy as the remedy Only touching our food last taken let the stomack bowels and if it may be also the mesaraick vaynes be cleared from raw and corrupt humours and let such a time be chosen wherein also the disease hath most quietnesse from the motions of the paroxysmes The greatest rest is in the middle time of the intermission or remission for so shall we be in no danger of drawing the inflammation into the greater vaynes whereby of an intermitting feuer may be made a cōtinuall and the powers also of the patient shall least be indangered But seeing so often Galen and all Phisitions in the matter of Phlebotomy do still make their prouiso●s that the powers be not dissolued a question may here be mooued of what powers they do especially speake and how the strength of those powers shall be knowne Galen describeth three powers in man the first he calleth the naturall or nutritiue power that hath his fountaine in the liuer and conteyneth vnder it the attractiue power the retentiue the expulsiue and the fourth the alteratiue power which is generally to turne the nourishment into substance and particularly to make bloud The second vertue or power is called the vitall power hauing the seate in the heart giuing life to the whole body and conseruing the essence of the vitall spirits The third he calleth the animall or rationall power hauing the seate in the brayne and bringing forth sense motion and vnderstanding Each of these three powers haue their particular instruments to worke by To the naturall power do serue the vaynes to the vitall the arteryes and to the animal the sinewes Now which of these powers in letting bloud must most be respected No doubt there must a care be had of all for as Galen sayth there If any one of them do perish it must needs be that all the rest shall perish also And giuing precepts of letting bloud when he hath taught how we shal try the animall power by the voluntary motions and the vitall by the pulses and the naturall by good or bad nourishment or by good and bad colour he concludeth generally when these powers are strong let bloud So whereas Hippocrates doth bid vs when diseases are in the vigor to rest and not to vse phlebotomy or purging for so Galen doth expound it Galen doth giue the reason there of it because the animall power is then weake and in danger although the vitall and naturall be strong Yet certaine it is that the vitall power is that which chiefely we are to obserue in Phlebotomy as he doth elsewhere at large declare The greatest dignity of all is that which concerneth the actions of the heart and of all most needefull to be considered in them that are sick He doth in that place compare the operations of the liuer and of the brayne with the vitall powers of the heart but he will haue the heart to be principally respected In extreame apoplexies the animal powers are decayed yet because the vitall powers are not extinguished Phlebotomy is allowed and doth often worke good effect That is the cause that Galen doth giue out that precept in his booke of Phlebotomy In all these former rules thou must still haue an eye to the strength of the party touching his pulses By that word touching his pulses he sheweth both that the vitall power is most to be regarded and also doth point out the meanes how we shall take triall of it to wit by the distemperature and the inequalitie of the pulses CHAP. 6. Of the time of the yeare the time of the constellation of the planets and the time of the day most fit for letting of bloud THe best time of the yeare for Phlebotomy is knowne of all men to be the Spring according to that aphorisme of Hippocrates The Spring must be the time of letting bloud and purging The Autumne is in fitnesse the neerest vnto the Spring The extremitie of the heate of sommer is most dangerous as Galen sayth hauing named a little before the canicular dayes They which are sinisterly euacuated in very hoate times of the yeare do perish either with s●ounings or with resolutions The extreame cold also of the winter will not permit Phlebotomy or if it do it must be little Montanus giueth the reason because the body is ouermuch cooled and is also

in the same leafe a little before in continuall agues called synochi aduise to let bloud 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 vntill the heart faint as likewise he doth in many great inflammations in his comment vpon Hippocrates He sheweth himselfe the cause in that place where he intreateth of agues he doth appoynt it to quench the vehement inflammation and doth meane that it shall be as much as possibly the strength can beare Montanus discoursing vpon the fifth Canon of Auicenna sayth that Galen doth commaund sometimes to let bloud vsque ad syncopen but I thinke that in that poynt either he was deceiued or else that they which did commit to writing his speeches for he wrote little himselfe did not well remember his words I reade sometimes in Galen that vpon vnseasonable and excessiue letting of bloud or any other immoderate euacuation a syncope or dangerous swouning may ensue but I can no where finde that he appoynteth to let bloud vsque ad syncopen vnto a cutting off of all the powers by swouning The fainting vnto which in some cases he doth require Phlebotomie to be extended is called by Hippocrates and him not syncope but sometimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 sometimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and sometimes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Some doe make 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be more particular faintings of some affections and powers of the heart and brayne and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to signifie a more generall dissipation of the vitall spirits But Galens words do playnely ouerthrow that fond distinction For hauing named the words 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 hee addeth immediatly 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Phisitions are wont to giue both these names to one thing as they signifie indeede one and the same matter And that they both do differ from syncope hee doth shewe playnely when he teacheth that grosse humours when by their toughnesse they doe obstruct or by their multitude oppresse the passages of transpirations they cause syncopas or swounings But if those grosse humours do neither obstruct nor oppresse then they bring no syncopas or swounings but they bring a certaine faint●es 〈◊〉 the Grecians call Leipoply●hia or 〈◊〉 The ●etting of bloud euen vnto fainting which Galen doth allow sometimes in great inflammations and certaine hoat feuers as I haue before declared must be done very warily and with great consideration for many are the harmes and dangers which may ensue thereby if it be rashly or vnaduisedly practised as in one place Galen doth plainely and plentifully lay open vnto vs I saw two men dye in the very hands of the Phisitions fainting indeed away but neuer recouering againe Many although they dye not presently yet afterward they come to it by the decaying of their powers and if they had bin euacuated without dissoluing the strength they should not haue perished And some also their powers being by immoderate euacuation dissolued do fall into a long lingering disease Others for all their life time afterward haue then whole temperature of their body ouer-much cooled being neuer able to recouer that harme which he hath gotten by auoyding too much bloud By which coldnes some haue liued afterward ill coloured and with bad habit of body and easily annoyed with euery small thing and others by the same meanes haue bin taken with deadly diseases dropsies streightnes of breath by stopping of the lights wea●●nes of liuer and stomack apoplexies and dotings There are many vnskilfull Surgeons which doe thinke and defend that for the quantity of bloud how much may be spared they neede no other obseruation but to let the bloud to runne vpon their nayle and so long as they see it to be grosse and corrupt so long to let it flow It they take this course with some diseases they may vtterly ouerthrow the strength of their patient They which haue much corrupt bloud haue little good and they which haue little good bloud must needs haue little strength and such as are of weake powers may soone by a great quantity of bleeding receiue vnrecouerable mischiefes Galen sheweth that when it hapneth that crude humours are gathered in the body a great heed must be taken what quantity the strength will indure For the powers being already dissolued in such constitutions of crude humours are wont by Phlebotomy to fall into such extremities as out of which they can neuer againe be recouered And therefore a little after he sheweth what in this case his owne practise was In them which haue a multitude of raw humours I do auoyd a little bloud and do straightway giue a little water and hony well boyled together with some extenuating thing as hysop wild marierom and sometimes calamint and then I take away a little more bloud sometimes the same day and sometimes the day following in which giuing againe some of the aforesaid medicins I take away bloud againe and the third day likewise twise Galen often when he nameth crudities or raw humours speaketh not of the two first kinds of crudities to wit first meates vndigested and secondly when any hurtfull matter doth not obey the lawes of nature of which two I haue spoken already but of a third kinde of crudities when any thick or cold humours do abound in the body for so doth Galen describe all those humours to be crude or raw which are in the body besides bloud of a thick or cold substance The more they depart from bloud the lesse bloud may be spared and sometimes they depart so farre from bloud as in dropsies and in some agues comming of the abundance of raw humours that there is no place at all left for Phl●botomy If in any place Galen doth deny and forbid letting of bloud in abundāce of corrupt humours as he doth sometimes allotting vnto them rather purgings then phlebotomie we must accompt it to be done not in respect of the vicious humours for Phlebotomy is cōmon both to good humours ouer-much abounding and to ill humours ouermuch annoying it is as Galen and Auicen do make it a remedy both against the superfluitie of bloud and also against the vices of bloud but Galen doth prohibit it only in regard of the weakenes of the strength for so doth he expound himselfe These three scopes to wit the greatnes of the disease the strength of the powers and slourishing age are sufficient for Phlebotom● for when such a multitude of raw humours ●●gathered that it forbiddeth Phlebotomy yet th●● my former conclusion is not reprooued for in such there is no strength sit for it But as he sayth afterward If these two scopes to wit the greatnes of the disease and th● strength of the powers be present there 〈◊〉 no such or so great aboundance of raw humours as that it ought to forbid this remedie of Phlebotomy Auicen although ●n some cholerick diseases he deny letting of bloud and willeth it to be kept for a