for_o the_o prevention_n of_o some_o great_a evil_n or_o the_o procure_n of_o some_o considerable_a good_a to_o ourselves_o or_o other_o and_o this_o i_o take_v to_o be_v the_o meaning_n of_o that_o advice_n of_o the_o son_n of_o sirach_n whether_o it_o be_v to_o a_o friend_n or_o a_o foe_n talk_v not_o of_o other_o man_n life_n and_o if_o thou_o can_v without_o offence_n reveal_v they_o not_o 8._o that_o be_v if_o without_o hurt_n to_o any_o body_n thou_o can_v conceal_v they_o divulge_v they_o not_o but_o because_o this_o may_v not_o be_v direction_n sufficient_a i_o shall_v instance_n in_o some_o of_o the_o principal_a case_n wherein_o man_n be_v warrant_v to_o speak_v evil_a of_o other_o and_o yet_o in_o so_o do_v do_v not_o offend_v against_o this_o prohibition_n in_o the_o text._n first_o it_o be_v not_o only_o lawful_a but_o very_o commendable_a and_o many_o time_n our_o duty_n to_o do_v this_o in_o order_n to_o the_o probable_a amendment_n of_o the_o person_n of_o who_o evil_o be_v speak_v in_o such_o a_o case_n we_o may_v tell_v a_o man_n of_o his_o fault_n private_o or_o where_o it_o may_v not_o be_v so_o fit_a for_o we_o to_o use_v that_o boldness_n and_o freedom_n we_o may_v reveal_v his_o fault_n to_o one_o who_o be_v more_o fit_a and_o proper_a to_o reprove_v he_o and_o will_v probable_o make_v no_o other_o use_n of_o this_o discovery_n but_o in_o order_n to_o his_o amendment_n and_o this_o be_v so_o far_o from_o be_v a_o breach_n of_o charity_n that_o it_o be_v one_o of_o the_o best_a testimony_n of_o it_o for_o perhaps_o the_o party_n may_v not_o be_v guilty_a of_o what_o have_v be_v report_v of_o he_o and_o then_o it_o be_v a_o kindness_n to_o give_v he_o the_o opportunity_n of_o vindicate_v himself_o or_o if_o he_o be_v guilty_a perhaps_o be_v private_o tell_v of_o it_o he_o may_v reform_v in_o this_o case_n the_o son_n of_o sirach_n advise_v to_o reveal_v man_n fault_n admonish_v 15._o a_o friend_n say_v he_o it_o may_v be_v he_o have_v not_o do_v it_o and_o if_o he_o have_v do_v it_o that_o he_o do_v it_o no_o more_o admonish_v a_o friend_n it_o may_v be_v he_o have_v not_o say_v it_o and_o if_o he_o have_v that_o he_o speak_v it_o not_o again_o admonish_v a_o friend_n for_o many_o time_n it_o be_v a_o slander_n and_o believe_v not_o every_o tale_n but_o then_o we_o must_v take_v care_n that_o this_o be_v do_v out_o of_o kindness_n and_o that_o nothing_o of_o our_o own_o passion_n be_v mingle_v with_o it_o and_o that_o under_o pretence_n of_o reprove_v and_o reform_v man_n we_o do_v not_o reproach_n and_o revile_v they_o and_o tell_v they_o of_o their_o fault_n in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o if_o we_o do_v it_o to_o show_v our_o authority_n rather_o than_o our_o charity_n it_o require_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o address_n and_o gentle_a application_n so_o to_o manage_v the_o business_n of_o reproof_n as_o not_o to_o irritate_fw-la and_o exasperate_v the_o person_n who_o we_o reprove_v instead_o of_o cure_v he_o second_o this_o likewise_o be_v not_o only_o lawful_a but_o our_o duty_n when_o we_o be_v legal_o call_v to_o bear_v witness_n concern_v the_o fault_n and_o crime_n of_o another_o a_o good_a man_n will_v not_o be_v a_o accuser_n unless_o the_o public_a good_a or_o the_o prevention_n of_o some_o great_a evil_n shall_v require_v it_o and_o then_o the_o plain_a reason_n of_o the_o thing_n will_v sufficient_o justify_v a_o voluntary_a accusation_n otherwise_o it_o have_v always_o among_o well-mannered_a people_n be_v esteem_v very_o odious_a for_o a_o man_n to_o be_v officious_a in_o this_o kind_n and_o a_o forward_a informer_n concern_v the_o misdemeanour_n of_o other_o magistrate_n may_v sometime_o think_v it_o fit_a to_o give_v encouragement_n to_o such_o person_n and_o to_o set_v one_o bad_a man_n to_o catch_v another_o because_o such_o man_n be_v fit_a for_o such_o dirty_a work_n but_o they_o can_v never_o inward_o approve_v they_o nor_o will_v they_o ever_o make_v they_o their_o friend_n and_o confident_n but_o when_o a_o man_n be_v call_v to_o give_v testimony_n in_o this_o kind_n in_o obedience_n to_o the_o law_n and_o out_o of_o reverence_n to_o the_o oath_n take_v in_o such_o case_n he_o be_v so_o far_o from_o deserve_a blame_n for_o so_o do_v that_o it_o will_v be_v a_o unpardonable_a fault_n in_o he_o to_o conceal_v the_o truth_n or_o any_o part_n of_o it_o three_o it_o be_v lawful_a to_o publish_v the_o fault_n of_o other_o in_o our_o own_o necessary_a defence_n and_o vindication_n when_o a_o man_n can_v conceal_v another_o fault_n without_o betray_v his_o own_o innocency_n no_o charity_n require_v a_o man_n to_o suffer_v himself_o to_o be_v defame_v to_o save_v the_o reputation_n of_o another_o man_n charity_n begin_v at_o home_n and_o though_o a_o man_n have_v never_o so_o much_o goodness_n he_o will_v first_o secure_v his_o own_o good_a name_n and_o then_o be_v concern_v for_o other_o man_n we_o be_v to_o love_v our_o neighbour_n as_o ourselves_o so_o that_o the_o love_n of_o ourselves_o be_v the_o rule_n and_o measure_n of_o our_o love_n to_o our_o neighbour_n and_o therefore_o first_o otherwise_o it_o can_v not_o be_v rule_n and_o it_o will_v be_v very_o well_o for_o the_o world_n if_o our_o charity_n will_v rise_v thus_o high_a and_o no_o man_n will_v hurt_v another_o man_n reputation_n but_o where_o his_o own_o be_v in_o real_a danger_n four_o this_o also_o be_v lawful_a for_o caution_n and_o warning_n to_o a_o three_o person_n that_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v infect_v by_o the_o company_n or_o ill_a example_n of_o another_o or_o may_v be_v great_o prejudice_v by_o repose_v too_o much_o confidence_n in_o he_o have_v no_o knowledge_n or_o suspicion_n of_o his_o bad_a quality_n but_o even_o in_o this_o case_n we_o ought_v to_o take_v great_a care_n that_o the_o ill_a character_n we_o give_v of_o any_o man_n be_v spread_v no_o further_o than_o be_v necessary_a to_o the_o good_a end_n we_o design_v in_o it_o beside_o these_o more_o obvious_a and_o remarkable_a case_n this_o prohibition_n do_v not_o i_o think_v hinder_v but_o that_o in_o ordinary_a conversation_n man_n may_v mention_v that_o ill_a of_o other_o which_o be_v already_o make_v as_o public_a as_o it_o well_o can_v be_v or_o that_o one_o friend_n may_v not_o in_o freedom_n speak_v to_o another_o of_o the_o miscarriage_n of_o a_o three_o person_n where_o he_o be_v secure_v no_o ill_a use_n will_v be_v make_v of_o it_o and_o that_o it_o will_v go_v no_o further_o to_o his_o prejudice_n provide_v always_o that_o we_o take_v no_o delight_n in_o hear_v or_o speak_v ill_o of_o other_o and_o the_o less_o we_o do_v it_o though_o without_o any_o malice_n or_o design_n of_o harm_n still_o the_o better_a because_o this_o show_n that_o we_o do_v not_o feed_v upon_o ill_a report_n and_o take_v pleasure_n in_o they_o these_o be_v the_o usual_a case_n in_o which_o it_o may_v be_v necessary_a for_o we_o to_o speak_v evil_a of_o other_o man_n and_o these_o be_v so_o evident_o reasonable_a that_o the_o prohibition_n in_o the_o text_n can_v with_o reason_n be_v extend_v to_o they_o and_o if_o no_o man_n will_v allow_v himself_o to_o say_v any_o thing_n to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o another_o man_n good_a name_n but_o in_o these_o and_o the_o like_a case_n the_o tongue_n of_o man_n will_v be_v very_o innocent_a and_o the_o world_n will_v be_v very_o quiet_a i_o proceed_v in_o the_o iiid_a place_n to_o consider_v the_o evil_n of_o this_o practice_n iii_o both_o in_o the_o cause_n and_o the_o consequence_n of_o it_o first_o we_o will_v consider_v the_o cause_n of_o it_o and_o it_o common_o spring_v from_o one_o or_o more_o of_o these_o evil_a root_n first_o one_o of_o the_o deep_a and_o most_o common_a cause_n of_o evil-speaking_a be_v ill-nature_n and_o cruelty_n of_o disposition_n and_o by_o a_o general_n mistake_v ill_a nature_n pass_v for_o wit_n as_o cunning_a do_v for_o wisdom_n though_o in_o truth_n they_o be_v nothing_o akin_a to_o one_o another_o but_o as_o far_o distant_a as_o vice_n and_o virtue_n and_o there_o be_v no_o great_a evidence_n of_o the_o bad_a temper_n of_o mankind_n than_o the_o general_a proneness_n of_o man_n to_o this_o vice_n for_o as_o our_o saviour_n say_v out_o of_o the_o abundance_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o mouth_n speak_v and_o therefore_o man_n do_v common_o incline_v to_o the_o censorious_a and_o uncharitable_a side_n which_o show_v human_a nature_n to_o be_v strange_o distort_v from_o its_o original_a rectitude_n and_o innocency_n the_o wit_n of_o man_n do_v more_o natural_o vent_v itself_o in_o satyr_n and_o censure_n than_o in_o praise_n and_o panegyric_n when_o man_n set_v themselves_o to_o commend_v it_o come_v hardly_o from_o
the_o archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n sermon_n before_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n at_o whitehall_n february_n the_o 25_o the_o 1693_o 4._o be_v the_o first_o sunday_n in_o lent_n a_o sermon_n preach_v before_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n at_o whitehall_n february_n the_o 25_o the_o 1693_o 4._o be_v the_o first_o sunday_n in_o lent_n by_o john_n lord_n archbishop_n of_o canterbury_n publish_a by_o their_o majesty_n special_a command_n london_n print_v for_o brabazon_n aylmer_n at_o the_o three_o pigeon_n in_o cornhill_n and_o william_n rogers_n at_o the_o sun_n in_o fleetstreet_n mdcxciv_o a_o sermon_n preach_v before_o the_o king_n and_o queen_n titus_n iii_o 2._o to_o speak_v evil_a of_o no_o man_n general_z persuasive_n to_o repentance_n and_o a_o good_a life_n and_o invective_n against_o sin_n and_o wickedness_n at_o large_a be_v certain_o of_o good_a use_n to_o recommend_v religion_n and_o virtue_n and_o to_o expose_v the_o deformity_n and_o danger_n of_o a_o vicious_a course_n but_o it_o must_v be_v acknowledge_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n that_o these_o general_a discourse_n do_v not_o so_o immediate_o tend_v to_o reform_v the_o life_n of_o man_n because_o they_o fall_v among_o the_o crowd_n but_o do_v not_o touch_v the_o conscience_n of_o particular_a person_n in_o so_o sensible_a and_o awaken_n a_o manner_n as_o when_o we_o treat_v of_o particular_a duty_n and_o sin_n and_o endeavour_v to_o put_v man_n upon_o the_o practice_n of_o the_o one_o and_o to_o reclaim_v they_o from_o the_o other_o by_o proper_a argument_n take_v from_o the_o word_n of_o god_n and_o from_o the_o nature_n of_o particular_a virtue_n and_o vice_n the_o general_a way_n be_v as_o if_o a_o physician_n instead_o of_o apply_v particular_a remedy_n to_o the_o distemper_n of_o his_o patient_n shall_v entertain_v he_o with_o a_o long_a discourse_n of_o disease_n in_o general_a and_o of_o the_o pleasure_n and_o advantage_n of_o health_n and_o earnest_o persuade_v he_o to_o be_v well_o without_o take_v his_o particular_a disease_n into_o consideration_n and_o prescribe_v remedy_n for_o it_o but_o if_o we_o will_v effectual_o reform_v man_n we_o must_v take_v to_o task_n the_o great_a and_o common_a disorder_n of_o their_o life_n and_o represent_v their_o fault_n to_o they_o in_o such_o a_o manner_n as_o may_v convince_v they_o of_o the_o evil_a and_o danger_n of_o they_o and_o put_v they_o upon_o the_o endeavour_n of_o a_o cure_n and_o to_o this_o end_n i_o have_v pitch_v upon_o one_o of_o the_o common_a and_o reign_a vice_n of_o the_o age_n calumny_n and_o evil-speaking_a by_o which_o man_n contract_v so_o much_o guilt_n to_o themselves_o and_o create_v so_o much_o trouble_v to_o other_o and_o from_o which_o it_o be_v to_o be_v fear_v few_o or_o none_o be_v whole_o free_a for_o who_o be_v he_o say_v the_o son_n of_o sirach_n that_o have_v not_o offend_v 16._o with_o his_o tongue_n in_o many_o thing_n say_v st._n james_n we_o offend_v all_o and_o if_o any_o man_n offend_v not_o in_o word_n the_o 2._o same_o be_v a_o perfect_a man_n but_o how_o few_o have_v attain_v to_o this_o perfection_n and_o yet_o unless_o we_o do_v endeavour_v after_o it_o and_o in_o some_o good_a measure_n attain_v it_o all_o our_o pretence_n to_o religion_n be_v vain_a so_o the_o same_o apostle_n tell_v we_o if_o 26._o any_o man_n among_o you_o seem_v to_o be_v religious_a and_o bridle_v not_o his_o tongue_n but_o deceive_v his_o own_o heart_n that_o man_n religion_n be_v vain_a for_o the_o more_o distinct_a handle_n of_o this_o argument_n i_o shall_v reduce_v my_o discourse_n to_o these_o five_o head_n first_o i_o shall_v consider_v the_o nature_n of_o this_o vice_n and_o wherein_o it_o consist_v second_o i_o shall_v consider_v the_o due_a extent_n of_o this_o prohibition_n to_o speak_v evil_a of_o no_o man_n three_o i_o shall_v show_v the_o evil_a of_o this_o practice_n both_o in_o the_o cause_n and_o effect_n of_o it_o four_o i_o shall_v add_v some_o further_a consideration_n to_o dissuade_v man_n from_o it_o five_o i_o shall_v give_v some_o rule_n and_o direction_n for_o the_o prevention_n and_o cure_n of_o it_o i._o i_o shall_v consider_v what_o this_o sin_n or_o vice_n of_o evil-speaking_a i._o here_o forbid_v by_o the_o apostle_n be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d not_o to_o defame_v and_o slander_v any_o man_n not_o to_o hurt_v his_o reputation_n as_o the_o etymology_n of_o the_o word_n do_v import_v so_o that_o this_o vice_n consist_v in_o say_v thing_n of_o other_o which_o tend_v to_o their_o disparagement_n and_o reproach_n to_o the_o take_v away_o or_o lessen_v of_o their_o reputation_n and_o good_a name_n and_o this_o whether_o the_o thing_n say_v be_v true_a or_o not_o if_o they_o be_v false_a and_o we_o know_v it_o than_o it_o be_v downright_a calumny_n and_o if_o we_o do_v not_o know_v it_o but_o take_v it_o upon_o the_o report_n of_o other_o it_o be_v however_o a_o slander_n and_o so_o much_o the_o more_o injurious_a because_o real_o groundless_a and_o undeserved_a if_o the_o thing_n be_v true_a and_o we_o know_v it_o to_o be_v so_o yet_o it_o be_v a_o defamation_n and_o tend_v to_o the_o prejudice_n of_o our_o neighbour_n reputation_n and_o it_o be_v a_o fault_n to_o say_v the_o evil_a of_o other_o which_o be_v true_a unless_o there_o be_v some_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o beside_o because_o it_o be_v contrary_a to_o that_o charity_n and_o goodness_n which_o christianity_n require_v to_o divulge_v the_o fault_n of_o other_o though_o they_o be_v real_o guilty_a of_o they_o without_o necessity_n or_o some_o other_o very_o good_a reason_n for_o it_o again_o it_o be_v evil-speaking_a and_o the_o vice_n condemn_v in_o the_o text_n whether_o we_o be_v the_o first_o author_n of_o a_o ill_a report_n or_o relate_v it_o from_o other_o because_o the_o man_n that_o be_v evil_a speak_v of_o be_v equal_o defame_v either_o way_n again_o whether_o we_o speak_v evil_a of_o a_o man_n to_o his_o face_n or_o behind_o his_o back_n the_o former_a way_n indeed_o seem_v to_o be_v the_o more_o generous_a but_o yet_o be_v a_o great_a fault_n and_o that_o which_o we_o call_v revile_v the_o latter_a be_v more_o mean_a and_o base_a and_o that_o which_o we_o proper_o call_v slander_n or_o backbiting_a and_o last_o whether_o it_o be_v do_v direct_o and_o in_o express_a term_n or_o more_o obscure_o and_o by_o way_n of_o oblique_a insinuation_n whether_o by_o way_n of_o downright_a reproach_n or_o with_o some_o crafty_a preface_n of_o commendation_n for_o so_o it_o have_v the_o effect_n to_o defame_v the_o manner_n of_o address_n do_v not_o much_o alter_v the_o case_n the_o one_o may_v be_v more_o dextrous_a but_o be_v not_o one_o jot_n less_o faulty_a for_o many_o time_n the_o deep_a wound_n be_v give_v by_o these_o smooth_a and_o more_o artificial_a way_n of_o slander_n as_o by_o ask_v question_n have_v you_o not_o hear_v so_o and_o so_o of_o such_o a_o man_n i_o say_v no_o more_o i_o only_o ask_v the_o question_n or_o by_o general_a intimation_n that_o they_o be_v loath_a to_o say_v what_o they_o have_v hear_v of_o such_o a_o one_o be_v very_o sorry_a for_o it_o and_o do_v not_o at_o all_o believe_v it_o if_o you_o will_v believe_v they_o and_o this_o many_o time_n without_o tell_v the_o thing_n but_o leave_v you_o in_o the_o dark_a to_o suspect_v the_o worst_a these_o and_o such_o like_a art_n though_o they_o may_v seem_v to_o be_v tender_a and_o gentle_a way_n of_o use_v man_n reputation_n yet_o in_o truth_n they_o be_v the_o most_o malicious_a and_o effectual_a method_n of_o slander_n because_o they_o insinuate_v something_o that_o be_v much_o worse_a than_o be_v say_v and_o yet_o be_v very_o apt_a to_o create_v in_o unwary_a man_n a_o strong_a belief_n of_o something_o that_o be_v very_o bad_a though_o they_o know_v not_o what_o it_o be_v so_o that_o it_o matter_n not_o in_o what_o fashion_n a_o slander_n be_v dress_v up_o if_o it_o tend_v to_o defame_v a_o man_n and_o to_o diminish_v his_o reputation_n it_o be_v the_o sin_n forbid_v in_o the_o text._n ii_o we_o will_v consider_v the_o extent_n of_o this_o prohibition_n ii_o to_o speak_v evil_a of_o no_o man_n and_o the_o due_a bound_n and_o limitation_n of_o it_o for_o it_o be_v not_o to_o be_v understand_v absolute_o to_o forbid_v we_o to_o say_v any_o thing_n concern_v other_o that_o be_v bad_a this_o in_o some_o case_n may_v be_v necessary_a and_o our_o duty_n and_o in_o several_a case_n very_o fit_a and_o reasonable_a the_o question_n be_v in_o what_o case_n by_o the_o general_a rule_n of_o scripture_n and_o right_a reason_n we_o be_v warrant_v to_o say_v the_o evil_a of_o other_o that_o be_v true_a in_o general_n we_o be_v not_o to_o do_v this_o without_o great_a reason_n and_o necessity_n as_o
justify_v and_o by_o our_o word_n we_o shall_v be_v condemn_v to_o which_o i_o will_v add_v the_o counsel_n give_v we_o by_o the_o wiseman_n refrain_v 11._o your_o tongue_n from_o backbiting_a for_o there_o be_v no_o word_n so_o secret_a that_o shall_v go_v for_o nought_o and_o the_o mouth_n that_o slander_v slay_v the_o soul_n i_o proceed_v in_o the_o iv_o the_o place_n to_o add_v some_o further_a argument_n and_o iv._o consideration_n to_o take_v man_n off_o from_o this_o vice_n as_o first_o that_o the_o use_n of_o speech_n be_v a_o peculiar_a prerogative_n of_o man_n above_o other_o creature_n and_o bestow_v upon_o he_o for_o some_o excellent_a end_n and_o purpose_n that_o by_o this_o faculty_n we_o may_v communicate_v our_o thought_n more_o easy_o to_o one_o another_o and_o consult_v together_o for_o our_o mutual_a comfort_n and_o benefit_n not_o to_o enable_v we_o to_o be_v hurtful_a and_o injurious_a but_o helpful_a and_o beneficial_a to_o one_o another_o the_o psalmist_n call_v 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be_v affect_v with_o this_o usage_n speak_v thy_o conscience_n man_n and_o say_v whither_o as_o bad_a as_o thou_o be_v thou_o will_v not_o be_v glad_a to_o have_v every_o man_n especial_o every_o good_a man_n good_a word_n and_o to_o have_v thy_o fault_n conceal_v and_o not_o to_o be_v hardly_o speak_v of_o though_o it_o may_v be_v not_o altogether_o without_o truth_n by_o those_o who_o thou_o do_v never_o offend_v by_o word_n or_o deed_n but_o with_o what_o face_n or_o reason_n do_v thou_o expect_v this_o from_o other_o to_o who_o thy_o carriage_n have_v be_v so_o contrary_a nothing_o sure_o be_v more_o equal_a and_o reasonable_a than_o that_o know_a rule_n what_o thou_o will_v have_v no_o man_n do_v to_o thou_o that_o do_v thou_o to_o no_o man_n five_o when_o you_o be_v go_v to_o speak_v reproachful_o of_o other_o consider_v whether_o you_o do_v not_o lie_v open_a to_o just_a reproach_n in_o the_o same_o or_o some_o other_o kind_n therefore_o give_v no_o occasion_n no_o example_n 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the_o evil_a you_o hear_v and_o know_v of_o other_o as_o if_o you_o relieve_v they_o in_o a_o great_a necessity_n and_o we_o think_v he_o a_o hard-hearted_a man_n that_o will_v not_o bestow_v a_o small_a alm_n upon_o one_o in_o great_a want_n it_o be_v a_o excellent_a advice_n which_o the_o son_n of_o sirach_n give_v to_o this_o purpose_n talk_v not_o of_o other_o man_n life_n if_o thou_o 10._o have_v hear_v a_o word_n let_v it_o die_v with_o thou_o and_o be_v bold_a it_o will_v not_o burst_v thou_o i_o shall_v in_o the_o five_o the_o and_o last_v place_n give_v some_o rule_n and_o direction_n v._o for_o the_o prevention_n and_o cure_n of_o this_o great_a evil_n among_o man_n first_o never_o say_v any_o evil_n of_o any_o man_n but_o what_o you_o certain_o know_v when_o ever_o you_o positive_o accuse_v and_o indite_v any_o man_n of_o any_o crime_n though_o it_o be_v in_o private_a and_o among_o friend_n speak_v as_o if_o you_o be_v upon_o your_o oath_n because_o god_n see_v and_o hear_v 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