muscle_n of_o the_o spine_n not_o unlike_o those_o constructive_a enclosure_n of_o the_o thigh_n and_o cubit_n hereafter_o mention_v the_o common_a muscle_n refer_v to_o the_o thorax_n and_o appear_v on_o the_o backside_n be_v the_o sacrolumbi_n however_o we_o think_v these_o may_v be_v include_v among_o those_o of_o the_o back_n yet_o in_o imitation_n of_o most_o author_n we_o shall_v treat_v of_o they_o in_o this_o place_n sacrolumbalis_n q._n ibid._n q._n this_o with_o the_o dorsi_fw-la longissimus_fw-la have_v their_o origination_n in_o common_a external_o they_o be_v tendinous_a as_o they_o spring_v from_o the_o posterior_n part_n of_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n 30_o and_o superior_a xviii_o fig._n xviii_o spine_n of_o the_o sacrum_n 34_o and_o all_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n rr_z internal_o it_o arise_v fleshy_a not_o only_o from_o those_o part_n but_o from_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o last_o name_v vertebra_n u_z w_z x_o y_z z_o whence_o with_o direct_a fibres_n ascend_v before_o it_o march_v over_o the_o last_o rib_n to_o it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o fleshy_a body_n the_o outward_a most_o of_o which_o be_v call_v sacrolumbus_n who_o fibre_n ascend_v direct_o and_o make_v so_o many_o thin_a tendon_n as_o there_o be_v rib_n to_o who_o they_o be_v insert_v which_o be_v join_v with_o so_o accessary_a muscle_n arise_v from_o each_o rib_n and_o unite_v with_o they_o before_o their_o insertion_n as_o they_o pass_v over_o the_o superior_a as_o steno_n have_v well_o observe_v myologiae_fw-la specimen_fw-la myologiae_fw-la and_o this_o order_n or_o multiformed_a disposition_n of_o it_o be_v continue_v the_o whole_a length_n of_o the_o thorax_n to_o the_o three_o four_o five_o and_z sixth_z vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n which_o superior_a part_n be_v by_o diemerbroeck_n make_v a_o distinct_a muscle_n vi_o lib._n v._o cap._n vi_o and_o call_v cervicalis_fw-la descendens_fw-la now_o all_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o head_n may_v be_v examine_v chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o head_n the_o head_n be_v move_v by_o muscle_n that_o be_v either_o common_a or_o proper_a the_o common_a be_v those_o which_o move_v the_o head_n together_o with_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n which_o shall_v be_v describe_v in_o the_o follow_a chapter_n under_o the_o title_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o proper_a be_v those_o which_o move_v the_o head_n together_o with_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n only_o the_o rest_n remain_v unmoved_a of_o which_o latter_a anatomist_n as_o four_o as_o lib._n four_o speigelius_fw-la twelve_o speigelius_fw-la cap._n twelve_o veslingius_fw-la and_o other_o reckon_v seven_o pair_n viz._n mastoidei_fw-la splenii_fw-la complexi_fw-la recti_fw-la majores_fw-la recti_fw-la minores_fw-la obliqui_fw-la superiores_fw-la &_o obliqui_fw-la inferiores_fw-la but_o x._o but_o lib._n de_fw-fr disset_fw-la muscul_fw-la eâ—_n galeno_fw-it cap._n x._o oribasius_n add_v two_o pair_n more_o who_o be_v follow_v by_o anatom_n by_o obseru._n anatom_n falloppius_n which_o shall_v be_v describe_v here_o as_o they_o arise_v in_o dissection_n together_o with_o another_o pair_n of_o muscle_n not_o mention_v by_o any_o author_n for_o what_o i_o know_v but_o first_o observe_v by_o i_o sometime_o since_o splenius_n aa_n bid._n t._n 16._o aa_n so_o call_v from_o its_o figure_n somewhat_o represent_v a_o ox_n spleen_n it_o arise_v partly_o tendinous_a and_o partly_o fleshy_a from_o the_o four_o superior_a spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n pp_n xviii_o fig._n xviii_o which_o low_a part_n seem_v to_o be_v distinct_a from_o its_o superior_a which_o arise_v from_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o two_o inferior_a vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n f_o g_o the_o former_a ascend_v oblique_o grow_v fleshy_a and_o become_v tendinous_a again_o at_o its_o insertion_n to_o the_o second_o third_z and_o four_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n n_z n_z the_o latter_a in_o like_a xviii_o fig._n xviii_o manner_n ascend_v oblique_o outward_a grow_v fleshy_a and_o be_v so_o insert_v to_o the_o occiput_fw-la 2_o part_v of_o it_o lie_v under_o the_o implantation_n of_o the_o mastoideus_n c_o viij_o fig._n viij_o although_o this_o muscle_n by_o anatomist_n be_v reckon_v among_o the_o proper_a muscle_n of_o the_o head_n yet_o when_o it_o act_v it_o must_v necessary_o move_v the_o second_o and_o three_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n to_o which_o it_o be_v insert_v oblique_o backward_o but_o act_v with_o its_o partner_n it_o pull_v they_o direct_o backward_o complexus_fw-la h._n ibid._n f_o g_o h._n or_o implicatus_fw-la according_a to_o laurentius_n it_o be_v also_o call_v tergeminus_fw-la from_o its_o be_v say_v to_o have_v three_o beginning_n as_o some_o imagine_v which_o we_o can_v never_o as_o yet_o observe_v in_o dissection_n xxi_o lib._n v._o cap._n xxi_o it_o arise_v with_o six_o thin_a small_a tendon_n from_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n nn_n and_o in_o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o its_o descent_n from_o thence_o become_a thick_a and_o more_o fleshy_a grow_v partly_o tendinous_a about_o its_o middle_n where_o it_o be_v interweave_v with_o various_a order_n of_o fibres_n and_o become_v still_o more_o fleshy_a again_o be_v so_o insert_v to_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la lateral_o two_o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o and_o the_o back_n part_n of_o the_o processus_n mamillaris_n b_o the_o fibres_fw-fr of_o this_o muscle_n d._n fig._n viij_o d_o d_o d._n be_v right_o observe_v to_o decussate_fw-it those_o of_o the_o former_a falloppius_n make_v anatom_n observat._v anatom_n that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o processus_n mamillaris_n a_o distinct_a muscle_n it_o arise_v from_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o first_o second_o third_z four_o and_o five_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n and_o from_o as_o many_o of_o those_o of_o the_o neck_n which_o we_o have_v sometime_o observe_v but_o this_o not_o appear_v so_o common_o incline_v we_o rather_o to_o think_v it_o a_o lusus_fw-la naturae_fw-la than_o a_o separate_a muscle_n either_o of_o these_o complexi_fw-la act_v move_v the_o head_n backward_o to_o one_o side_n if_o both_o act_n together_o they_o assist_v the_o two_o former_a this_o with_o its_o partner_n be_v raise_v the_o four_o follow_a muscle_n appear_v underneath_o on_o each_o side_n rectus_n major_a this_o arise_v partly_o tendinous_a but_o chief_o fleshy_a from_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o double_a spines_n of_o the_o second_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o in_o its_o ascent_n become_v broad_a and_o fleshy_a and_o be_v so_o insert_v to_o the_o posterior_n part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la i_o viij_o fig._n viij_o this_o muscle_n with_o its_o partner_n act_v pull_v the_o head_n direct_o back_o on_o the_o first_o vertebra_n these_o be_v both_o raise_v the_o follow_v will_v appear_v this_o with_o the_o four_o subsequent_a muscle_n be_v name_v from_o their_o progress_n position_n or_o magnitude_n recti_fw-la minores_fw-la these_o be_v two_o small_a muscle_n appear_v both_o in_o sight_n at_o once_o they_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o the_o posterior_n part_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o be_v so_o insert_v to_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la in_o two_o shallow_a depressure_n of_o the_o say_v bone_n hh_n viij_o fig._n viij_o these_o from_o their_o use_n may_v be_v call_v renuentes_fw-la or_o nodder_n backward_o and_o be_v antagonist_n to_o those_o we_o shall_v hereafter_o describe_v and_o call_v annuentes_fw-la obliquus_fw-la superior_n this_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o the_o backpart_n of_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o in_o its_o somewhat_o oblique_a ascent_n become_v a_o fleshy_a belly_n and_o lessen_v itself_o again_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la lateral_o ff_n viij_o fig._n viij_o by_o this_o together_o with_o its_o partner_n they_o never_o act_v separately_z the_o head_n be_v move_v backward_o on_o the_o first_o vertebra_n though_o the_o two_o former_a muscle_n seem_v adapt_v for_o all_o necessary_a motion_n of_o the_o head_n backward_o yet_o it_o seem_v a_o provident_a contrivance_n of_o nature_n to_o add_v these_o since_o the_o recti_fw-la majores_fw-la be_v by_o accident_n extend_v when_o either_o of_o the_o follow_v muscle_n act_n in_o turn_v the_o head_n to_o one_o side_n whereby_o they_o be_v deprive_v of_o perform_v their_o office_n at_o that_o time_n but_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n move_v with_o the_o head_n these_o muscle_n be_v then_o employ_v in_o pull_v the_o head_n backward_o as_o in_o look_v upward_o to_o one_o side_n obliquus_fw-la inferior_n this_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o the_o external_n part_n of_o the_o spinal_a process_n of_o the_o second_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n close_o by_o the_o origination_n of_o the_o rectus_n major_a and_o be_v
dilate_v into_o a_o fleshy_a belly_n pass_v oblique_o to_o its_o insertion_n at_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o first_o where_o the_o former_a muscle_n begin_v g_z when_o this_o act_n on_o either_o viij_o fig._n viij_o side_n the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v move_v towards_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o second_o wherefore_o some_o author_n have_v reckon_v it_o among_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o neck_n but_o since_o the_o head_n be_v also_o move_v thereby_o and_o the_o face_n turn_v to_o that_o side_n on_o which_o it_o act_v it_o be_v not_o improper_o reckon_v among_o the_o muscle_n that_o move_v the_o head_n it_o be_v assist_v by_o the_o mastoideus_n but_o of_o this_o more_o in_o its_o order_n the_o body_n must_v now_o be_v turn_v on_o the_o back_o again_o to_o examine_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o head_n that_o appear_v on_o the_o forepart_n together_o with_o those_o of_o the_o neck_n of_o which_o the_o first_o be_v the_o mastoideus_n which_o be_v best_a raise_v by_o free_v it_o at_o its_o origination_n on_o one_o side_n and_o its_o insertion_n on_o the_o other_o as_o in_o chapt._n xii_o in_o order_n to_o dissect_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o tongue_n os_fw-mi hyoide_v and_z larynx_n mastoideus_n p._n vesal_n m._n t._n 1._o p._n so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o mammillary_n process_n of_o the_o temple-bone_n it_o arise_v partly_o tendinous_a and_o partly_o fleshy_a from_o the_o upper_a xvii_o fig._n xvii_o part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la pectoris_fw-la 31_o and_o near_o half_a the_o clavicle_n 14_o with_o two_o as_o it_o be_v distinct_a origination_n the_o first_o ascend_v somewhat_o oblique_o outward_o join_v with_o the_o second_o and_o march_v up_o more_o direct_o compose_v it_o round_o thick_a fleshy_a body_n and_o as_o it_o pass_v over_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la levator_fw-la scapulae_fw-la become_v broad_a again_o at_o its_o insertion_n to_o the_o back_n part_n of_o the_o processus_n mamillaris_n b_o viij_o fig._n viij_o and_o the_o adjoin_v part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la b_o where_o the_o splenius_n above_o treat_v of_o be_v implant_v p._n four_o fig._n four_o anatomist_n not_o take_v notice_n of_o the_o true_a insertion_n of_o this_o muscle_n have_v general_o err_v in_o their_o conjecture_n concern_v its_o use_n suppose_v that_o if_o both_o act_n the_o head_n be_v bend_a foreward_n which_o action_n if_o right_o consider_v can_v be_v perform_v by_o these_o muscle_n except_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v also_o incline_v forward_a with_o it_o since_o their_o insertion_n be_v right_a e_fw-la diametro_fw-la opposite_a if_o not_o behind_o the_o articulation_n of_o the_o head_n with_o the_o first_o vertebra_n which_o part_n of_o the_o cranium_fw-la namely_o the_o processus_n mamillaris_fw-la neither_o ascend_v nor_o descend_v in_o that_o action_n wherefore_o it_o necessary_o follow_v that_o when_o the_o head_n be_v move_v either_o direct_o forward_o or_o backward_o on_o the_o first_o vertebra_n these_o muscle_n can_v act._n but_o if_o either_o of_o they_o act_n the_o face_n be_v then_o turn_v to_o the_o contrary_a side_n so_o when_o we_o look_v over_o the_o left_a shoulder_n the_o right_a muscle_n act_n &_o vice_fw-la versa_fw-la which_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o the_o naked_a neck_n of_o live_a person_n and_o be_v common_o express_v by_o painter_n but_o if_o either_o of_o these_o muscle_n shall_v more_v and_o more_o contract_n the_o head_n be_v pull_v down_o to_o one_o side_n forward_o as_o we_o see_v in_o wry-neck_n common_o so_o call_v where_o one_o of_o these_o muscle_n be_v always_o contract_v the_o next_o muscle_n that_o present_v itself_o to_o the_o knife_n be_v partly_o describe_v by_o x._o by_o lib._n de_fw-fr musculis_fw-la cap._n x._o galen_n and_o mention_v by_o xxviii_o by_o lib._n two_o g._n xxviii_o vessalius_n belong_v to_o the_o back_n anatom_n back_n observat_fw-la anatom_n fallopius_n make_v it_o his_o nine_o pair_n of_o the_o head_n it_o be_v also_o mention_v by_o riolan_n casp._n bauhin_n bartholomeus_n eustachius_n and_o other_o though_o they_o be_v large_a fleshy_a muscle_n and_o appear_v immediate_o under_o the_o gula_fw-la or_o pharynx_n yet_o spigelius_n and_o some_o other_o take_v no_o notice_n of_o they_o they_o be_v likewise_o express_v by_o bidloo_n and_o call_v recti_fw-la interni_fw-la but_o we_o have_v observe_v a_o other_o small_a pair_n of_o muscle_n underneath_o they_o of_o a_o right_a position_n likewise_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o recti_fw-la to_o distinguish_v which_o from_o those_o of_o the_o back_n part_n and_o these_o follow_a muscle_n we_o shall_v call_v they_o recti_fw-la interni_fw-la minores_fw-la and_o these_o recti_fw-la interni_fw-la majores_fw-la rectus_n internus_fw-la major_n â—l_n bid._n t._n 18._o â—l_n this_o arise_v tendinous_a but_o chief_o fleshy_a from_o the_o forepart_n of_o all_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n except_o the_o first_o and_o second_o and_o in_o its_o ascent_n become_v fleshy_a pass_v over_o those_o two_o superior_a vertebra_n and_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o anteriour_a appendix_n of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la near_o the_o great_a foramen_fw-la that_o transmits_n the_o medulla_n oblongata_fw-la this_o manifest_o bend_v the_o head_n foreward_n and_o therefore_o may_v be_v call_v flexor_fw-la capitis_fw-la from_o its_o use._n this_o with_o its_o partner_n be_v remove_v the_o follow_a muscle_n appear_v underneath_o they_o rectus_n internus_fw-la minor_n this_o and_o its_o partner_n appear_v on_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n like_o the_o recti_fw-la minores_fw-la on_o the_o back_n part_n and_o arise_v near_o its_o transverse_a process_n and_o ascend_v direct_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o anteriour_a appendix_n of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la immediate_o under_o the_o former_a i_o iii._o fig._n iii._o these_o nod_n the_o head_n forward_o and_o be_v antagonist_n to_o the_o recti_fw-la minores_fw-la as_o be_v above_o note_v wherefore_o they_o may_v be_v call_v annuentes_fw-la the_o last_o pair_n of_o muscle_n which_o we_o shall_v treat_v of_o belong_v to_o the_o head_n be_v mention_v by_o galen_n and_o accurate_o describe_v by_o falloppius_n in_o these_o anatom_n observat._v anatom_n word_n ultimo_fw-la loco_fw-la notandi_fw-la sunt_fw-la musculi_fw-la duo_fw-la admodum_fw-la parvi_fw-la qui_fw-la a_fw-la processis_fw-la transverso_fw-la primae_fw-la vertebra_n orti_fw-la valde_fw-la graciles_fw-la ascendunt_fw-la ad_fw-la caput_fw-la &_o in_fw-la illud_fw-la inseruntur_fw-la prope_fw-la mammillarem_fw-la processum_fw-la these_o we_o shall_v call_v recti_fw-la laterales_fw-la from_o their_o progress_n and_o position_n they_o may_v be_v also_o call_v renuentes_fw-la laterales_fw-la from_o their_o use._n rectus_n lateralis_fw-la this_o be_v a_o short_a thick_a fleshy_a muscle_n arise_v from_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n between_o the_o former_a and_o obliquus_fw-la superior_n thence_o ascend_v direct_o to_o its_o insertion_n to_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la in_o the_o interstice_n make_v by_o the_o processus_n mammillaris_fw-la and_o styloide_v k._n iii._o fig._n iii._o this_o nod_v the_o head_n to_o one_o side_n chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o neck_n move_v the_o head_n secondary_o wherefore_o they_o be_v esteem_v as_o common_a to_o both_o of_o which_o author_n reckon_v four_o pair_n namely_o the_o longi_fw-la colli_n the_o scaleni_n which_o according_a to_o falloppius_n be_v describe_v among_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thorax_n the_o transversale_n and_o spinati_n colli_n but_o first_o of_o those_o that_o appear_v in_o the_o forepart_n longus_n colli_n this_o arise_v partly_o tendinous_a but_o chief_o fleshy_a from_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o five_o superior_a vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n and_o be_v dilate_v in_o its_o middle_n to_o a_o fleshy_a belly_n be_v insert_v to_o the_o forepart_n of_o all_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n this_o with_o its_o partner_n act_v bend_v the_o neck_n right_o forward_o between_o this_o and_o the_o scalenus_n describe_v chap._n xi_o cap._n xi_o xix_o lie_v the_o rectus_n internus_fw-la major_n describe_v in_o the_o precedent_a chapter_n which_o veslingius_n call_v musculus_fw-la brevius_fw-la the_o body_n must_v be_v now_o turn_v on_o its_o face_n again_o in_o order_n to_o examine_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o muscle_n that_o appear_v on_o the_o back_n part_n of_o its_o trunk_n spinalis_fw-la colli_n so_o call_v because_o it_o accompany_v the_o spines_n of_o the_o neck_n it_o arise_v from_o the_o five_o superior_a transver_n process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n and_o inferior_a of_o the_o neck_n and_o in_o its_o ascent_n become_v more_o fleshy_a and_o be_v so_o insert_v large_o into_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o second_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n lateral_o ii_o etc._n etc._n viij_o fig._n viij_o
of_o the_o tongue_n b_o its_o basis_n or_o root_n free_v from_o the_o os_fw-la hyoide_v cc_o the_o musculi_fw-la ceratoglossi_fw-la dd_o genioglossi_fw-la i_fw-mi styloglossi_fw-la a_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o gustatory_n nerve_n fig_n vi_o demonstrate_v the_o back_n part_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o fauces_fw-la aa_o the_o musculi_fw-la stylopharyngei_n bb_n the_o pterygopharyngei_n a_o a_o the_o glandulae_fw-la tonsillae_fw-la cc_o the_o musculus_fw-la oesophageus_n b_o b_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o oesophageus_n raise_v to_o discover_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o stylopharyngeus_n underneath_o it_o c_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o long_a process_n of_o the_o thyroidal_a cartilege_n that_o be_v join_v to_o the_o os_fw-mi hyoide_v d_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n or_o musculus_fw-la vaginalis_fw-la gulae_fw-la fig_n vii_o show_v the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n or_o part_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la vaginalis_fw-la gulae_fw-la aa_o the_o internal_a or_o transverse_a fibres_n be_v continue_v from_o the_o oesophageus_n muscle_n bb_n the_o external_n or_o longitudeinal_n fibres_n of_o the_o vaginalis_fw-la gulae_fw-la fig_n viii_o represent_v divers_a muscle_n of_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n a_o the_o hairy-scalp_n b_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la c_o part_v of_o the_o musculus_fw-la splenius_n ddd_n the_o complexus_fw-la raise_v from_o its_o insertion_n i_fw-mi the_o recti_fw-la majores_fw-la on_o the_o right_a side_n in_o situ_fw-la on_o the_o leave_v depend_v ff_o the_o obliqui_fw-la superiores_fw-la gg_n the_o obliqui_fw-la inferiores_fw-la hh_o the_o recti_fw-la minores_fw-la ae_z the_o os_fw-mi jugale_n b_o the_o processus_n mastoide_v c_o the_o backpart_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n d_o part_v of_o the_o musculus_fw-la complexus_fw-la remain_v in_o situ_fw-la which_o falloppius_n make_v a_o distinct_a muscle_n and_o reckon_v it_o with_o its_o partner_n to_o be_v three_o pair_n of_o the_o head_n iii_o the_o musculi_fw-la spinales_fw-la colli_n k_o the_o transversales_n colli_n lll_o the_o interspinales_fw-la colli_n e_o e_o e_o e_o the_o apices_fw-la of_o the_o double_a spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n f_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n fig_n ix_o show_v part_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v of_o a_o calf_n aa_o part_v of_o the_o os_fw-la petrosum_fw-la divide_v b_o the_o foramen_fw-la rotundnm_fw-la c_o the_o stape_n in_o its_o proper_a site_n on_o the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_fw-mi e_o the_o musculus_fw-la stapidis_n f_o a_o small_a bone_n in_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o last_o name_v muscle_n as_o it_o pass_v over_o a_o projection_n of_o the_o os_fw-la petrosum_fw-la which_o compose_v the_o foramen_fw-la rotundum_fw-la b._n g_o part_v of_o the_o cochlea_n break_v up_o fig_n x._o represent_v the_o forepart_n of_o the_o human_a penis_n prepare_v with_o mercury_n aa_o the_o skin_n together_o with_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o common_a integument_n of_o the_o penis_n free_v from_o it_o aa_o that_o part_n of_o they_o which_o compose_v the_o praeputium_fw-la b_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o corpora_fw-la cavernosa_fw-la separate_v from_o the_o ossa_fw-la pubis_fw-la bb_n the_o vein_n cc_o the_o nerve_n cc_o dd_v the_o artery_n as_o they_o appear_v on_o dd_o the_o backpart_n or_o dorsum_fw-la penis_n c_o the_o glans_fw-la or_o balanus_n dd_o the_o musculi_fw-la erectores_fw-la i_fw-mi the_o transversale_n f_o part_v of_o the_o sphincter_n ani._n f_o a_o blow-pipe_n insert_v in_o the_o urethra_n gg_n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o two_o artery_n of_o the_o penis_n cut_v from_o the_o internal_a branch_n of_o the_o iliac_n artery_n gg_n their_o two_o inferior_a branch_n which_o gg_n run_v to_o the_o musculi_fw-la erectores_fw-la hh_o their_o hh_o superior_a branch_n which_o administer_v blood_n to_o the_o adjacent_a part_n two_o those_o two_o artery_n which_o pass_v to_o the_o bulb_n of_o the_o cavernous_a body_n of_o the_o urethra_n k_n k_n their_o large_a trunk_n which_o be_v subdivide_v again_o the_o external_n of_o which_o d_o d_o dd_o pass_v on_o the_o superior_a surface_n of_o the_o penis_n the_o internal_a will_v enter_v the_o corpora_fw-la will_v cavernosa_fw-la hh_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o penis_n ay_o the_o vena_fw-la ipsius_fw-la penis_n kk_n the_o venae_fw-la praeputii_n which_o be_v join_v with_o the_o former_a ll_o the_o lymphducts_a fig_n xi_o show_v the_o two_o corpora_fw-la cavernosa_fw-la penis_n and_o that_o of_o the_o urethra_n after_o a_o transverse_a section_n when_o inflate_v and_o dry_a aa_o the_o corpora_fw-la cavernosa_fw-la penis_n b_o the_o corpus_fw-la cavernosum_fw-la urethrae_n c_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la ipsius_fw-la penis_n dd_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o two_o artery_n pass_v through_o the_o corpora_fw-la cavernosa_fw-la of_o the_o penis_n fig_n xii_o represent_v the_o backpart_n of_o the_o human_a penis_n a_o the_o balanus_n a_o the_o frenum_fw-la b_o the_o external_n surface_n of_o the_o corpus_fw-la cavernosum_fw-la urethrae_n cc_o it_o be_v bulb_n cover_v with_o the_o musculus_fw-la accelerator_fw-la b_o the_o conjunction_n b_o of_o its_o right_a side_n with_o the_o left_a correspond_v to_o the_o seam_n of_o the_o skin_n in_o the_o perinaeum_fw-la c_o c_o its_o two_o extremity_n cc_o embrace_v the_o corpus_fw-la cavernosum_fw-la urethrae_n which_o terminate_v on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o cavernous_a body_n of_o the_o penis_n itself_o d_o part_v of_o the_o sphincter_n ani._n i_fw-mi the_o musculi_fw-la transversales_n penis_n ff_o the_o directores_fw-la or_o erectores_fw-la gggg_n the_o corpora_fw-la cavernosa_fw-la penis_n hh_o the_o artery_n d_o d_o d_o those_o ddd_o branch_n administer_a blood_n to_o the_o muscle_n e_fw-la e_fw-la two_o large_a trunk_n of_o ee_o they_o which_o be_v subdivide_v into_o two_o more_o f_o g._n fg_n ay_o i_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o penis_n fig_n xiii_o show_v the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o two_o cavernous_a body_n and_o that_o of_o the_o glans_fw-la penis_n a_o the_o dorsum_fw-la penis_n cover_v with_o its_o capsula_fw-la b_o the_o external_n part_n of_o the_o glans_fw-la a_o part_v of_o the_o septum_fw-la of_o the_o corpora_fw-la cavernosa_fw-la b_o b_o the_o internal_a membrane_n of_o the_o corpora_fw-la cavernosa_fw-la penis_n cover_v by_o the_o glans_fw-la c_o the_o corpus_fw-la cavernosum_fw-la glandis_fw-la penis_n on_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o corpora_fw-la cavernosa_fw-la penis_n fig_n fourteen_o exhibit_v the_o bulb_n of_o the_o cavernous_a body_n of_o the_o urethra_n be_v dry_v after_o inflation_n a_o the_o external_a part_n of_o the_o bulb_n devest_v of_o the_o musculus_fw-la accelerator_fw-la urinae_fw-la b_o part_v of_o the_o bulb_n raise_v after_o section_n to_o show_v its_o internal_a cavernous_a constructure_n a_o the_o septum_fw-la bulbi_fw-la cc_o the_o musculi_fw-la transversales_n fig_n xv._o show_v part_n of_o one_o of_o the_o cavernous_a body_n of_o the_o penis_n be_v likewise_o dry_v after_o inflation_n a_o that_o part_n of_o the_o capsula_fw-la of_o the_o cavernous_a body_n next_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la which_o be_v here_o compress_v by_o the_o ligature_n make_v to_o retain_v the_o wind._n b_o the_o musculus_fw-la erector_n penis_n cc_o the_o artery_n as_o it_o be_v distribute_v within_o the_o cavernous_a body_n of_o the_o penis_n on_o either_o side_n fig_n xvi_o represent_v the_o bulb_n of_o a_o dog_n penis_n after_o inflation_n a_o the_o external_a surface_n of_o the_o bulb_n b_o a_o ligature_n make_v on_o a_o vein_n that_o arise_v from_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o it_o into_o which_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o prepuce_n enter_v and_o may_v therefore_o be_v call_v vena_fw-la praeputii_n cc_o the_o large_a trunk_n of_o one_o of_o the_o vein_n of_o the_o penis_n itself_o which_o in_o this_o animal_n be_v double_a arise_v from_o each_o side_n the_o bulb_n d_o the_o internal_a appearance_n of_o the_o corpus_fw-la cavernosum_fw-la of_o the_o bulb_n i_fw-mi the_o cavity_n of_o the_o vein_n which_o communicate_v with_o the_o cavernulae_fw-la of_o the_o bulb_n ff_o the_o corpus_fw-la cavernosum_fw-la penis_n fig_n xvii_o represent_v the_o forepart_n of_o the_o human_a sceleton_n 1_o the_o os_fw-la sincipitis_fw-la or_o bregmatis_fw-la 2_o the_o os_fw-la frontis_fw-la 3_o the_o os_fw-la temporum_fw-la or_o squammosum_fw-la 4_o the_o two_o bone_n of_o the_o nose_n either_o of_o which_o be_v reckon_v the_o five_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n 5_o the_o four_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n 6_o the_o first_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n 7_o the_o septum_fw-la narium_fw-la 8_o the_o processus_n mastoide_v or_o mammiformis_fw-la 9_o ..._o the_o o_o jugale_n 10_o 11_o 12_o the_o low_a jawbone_n 10_o that_o part_n of_o it_o call_v the_o chin_n 11_o its_o posterior_n process_n that_o be_v articulate_v to_o the_o os_fw-la temporum_fw-la call_v condyloide_n 12_o the_o anterior_a process_n call_v corone_n 13_o the_o body_n of_o the_o two_o inferior_a vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n f_o g_o h_o their_o transverse_a process_n 14_o the_o
erect_v the_o trunk_n of_o the_o body_n we_o need_v not_o wonder_v at_o the_o many_o multiform_a muscle_n inservient_fw-la to_o the_o extension_n or_o erection_n of_o the_o head_n neck_n back_o and_o loin_n if_o we_o consider_v how_o much_o great_a force_n be_v require_v to_o that_o end_n in_o regard_n to_o the_o project_v foreward_n of_o the_o head_n and_o thorax_n for_o as_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o skeleton_n fig._n xviii_o we_o shall_v on_o the_o other_o hand_n think_v it_o constant_o liable_a to_o fall_v on_o its_o face_n be_v it_o not_o support_v by_o these_o many_o strong_a muscle_n in_o which_o we_o have_v a_o plain_a demonstration_n of_o the_o immense_a wisdom_n of_o the_o most_o wise_a architect_n in_o frame_a a_o structure_n project_v from_o its_o fulcimen_fw-la which_o for_o several_a end_n too_o numerous_a to_o specify_v here_o be_v to_o be_v move_v foreward_n backward_o and_o sideways_o and_o therefore_o by_o no_o other_o mean_n can_v be_v support_v so_o as_o to_o render_v it_o upon_o occasion_n flexible_a but_o by_o muscle_n since_o they_o only_o be_v capable_a of_o a_o great_a contraction_n and_o relaxation_n than_o any_o other_o springy_a body_n compose_v of_o ligament_n etc._n etc._n thus_o have_v brief_o treat_v of_o all_o those_o muscle_n as_o yet_o know_v that_o appear_v in_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o body_n we_o come_v next_o to_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o artus_n and_o first_o of_o those_o that_o move_v the_o arm_n two_o of_o which_o namely_o the_o pectoralis_fw-la &_o longissimus_fw-la we_o be_v oblige_v to_o dissect_v pag._n 104._o 112._o to_o discover_v their_o subjacent_a muscle_n but_o we_o shall_v now_o describe_v they_o among_o the_o rest_n as_o the_o order_n of_o dissection_n require_v for_o the_o convenient_a performance_n of_o which_o we_o be_v wont_v to_o take_v of_o the_o whole_a arm_n together_o with_o the_o scapula_n and_o clavicula_fw-la by_o divide_v the_o latter_a from_o the_o os_fw-la pectoris_fw-la by_o which_o mean_v the_o trouble_n in_o examine_v the_o follow_a muscle_n be_v lessen_v those_o move_v the_o scapula_n be_v cut_v from_o it_o chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o arm_n or_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la xviii_o humeri_fw-la chap._n xviii_o galen_n anatom_n galen_n isagog_n anatom_n jacobus_n silvius_n and_o xxiv_o and_o lib._n ii_o chap._n xxiv_o vesalius_n describe_v seven_o muscle_n belong_v to_o each_o arm_n viz._n pectoralis_fw-la deltoide_v teres_n major_n latissimus_fw-la dorsi_fw-la supraspinatus_n inferaspinatns_n and_o subscapularis_fw-la arantius_n in_o his_o anatomical_a observation_n count_v another_o by_o xxiv_o by_o lib._n v._o chap._n xxiv_o riolan_n call_v coracobrachieus_fw-la to_o which_o spigelii_fw-la which_o ta._n xvii_o lib._n iv_o spigelii_fw-la julius_n casserius_n placentinus_n add_v the_o teres_n minor_n by_o some_o reckon_v as_o the_o eight_o muscle_n of_o this_o part_n which_o be_v therefore_o call_v octavus_n humeri_fw-la placentini_n of_o these_o in_o their_o order_n pectoralis_fw-la l._n vesal_n muscul._n t._n 1._o l._n so_o call_v from_o its_o situation_n this_o have_v a_o broad_a semicircular_a fleshy_a beginning_n above_z from_o near_a half_a the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o clavicula_fw-la 14_o xvii_o fi._n xvii_o below_o from_o the_o os_fw-la pectorale_fw-la 31_o and_o all_o the_o cartilaginous_a end_n of_o the_o six_o superior_a rib_n and_o from_o the_o bony_a part_n of_o the_o seven_o it_o have_v a_o distinct_a fasciculus_fw-la of_o fleshy_a fibres_n which_o sometime_o we_o have_v see_v confound_v with_o the_o obliquus_fw-la descendens_fw-la abdominis_fw-la from_o this_o large_a origin_n it_o march_v transvers_o and_o become_v narrow_a but_o thick_a lessen_v itself_o as_o it_o pass_v over_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o biceps_fw-la cubiti_fw-la and_o be_v insert_v by_o a_o short_a but_o broad_a strong_a tendon_n to_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la above_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o follow_a muscle_n the_o fibre_n of_o this_o muscle_n decussate_fw-it each_o other_o near_o their_o implantation_n to_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la those_o of_o the_o superior_a part_n run_v downward_o and_o those_o of_o the_o inferior_a march_v up_o intersect_v the_o former_a in_o acute_a angle_n when_o it_o act_v it_o move_v the_o arm_n either_o oblique_o upward_o or_o direct_o foreward_n or_o oblique_o downward_o according_a to_o the_o various_a direction_n of_o its_o series_n of_o fibres_n deltoide_n k._n vesal_n muscul._n tab._n i._o k._n so_o call_v from_o its_o figure_n be_v like_o the_o greek_a δ._n it_o have_v a_o broad_a origination_n foreward_n from_o above_o one_o three_o of_o the_o inferior_a and_o external_n xviii_o fi._n xviii_o part_n of_o the_o clavicula_fw-la 11_o where_o it_o be_v entire_o fleshy_a backward_o it_o spring_v partly_o fleshy_a but_o chief_o tendinous_a from_o the_o whole_a inferior_a margin_n of_o the_o spina_n scapulae_fw-la 16_o from_o these_o place_n descend_v soon_o become_v thick_a and_o fleshy_a grow_v narrow_a till_o it_o be_v insert_v by_o its_o partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o tendinous_a apex_n to_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la 17_o this_o draw_v the_o arm_n either_o direct_o upward_o or_o somewhat_o foreward_n or_o backward_o according_a to_o the_o direction_n of_o its_o differ_a series_n of_o fibres_n supraspinatus_n g._n vesal_n m._n t._n 11._o g._n so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v place_v above_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o shoulderblade_n it_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o basis_n scapulae_fw-la 13_o that_o be_v above_o its_o spine_n as_o also_o from_o the_o say_v spine_n and_o costa_n superior_a of_o the_o scapula_n 15_o from_o thence_o pass_v between_o the_o processus_n coracoide_v 16_o and_o anchoreformis_fw-la xvii_o fig._n xvii_o 15_o it_o grow_v less_o and_o become_a tendinous_a march_v over_o the_o articulation_n of_o the_o humerus_fw-la join_v its_o tendon_n with_o the_o follow_v be_v insert_v to_o the_o head_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la xvii_o fig._n xvii_o 20_o the_o proper_a use_n of_o this_o muscle_n be_v to_o lift_v the_o arm_n upward_o towards_o the_o occiput_fw-la infraspinatus_n i._n ib._n t._n t._n i._n so_o call_v because_o it_o be_v place_v below_o the_o spine_n this_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o basis_n scapulae_fw-la 13_o as_o also_o from_o from_o its_o xviii_o fi._n xviii_o spine_n 16_o and_o inferior_a costa_n 14_o and_o dorsum_fw-la 12_o from_o hence_o pass_v in_o a_o triangular_a form_n according_a to_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o part_n lessen_v itself_o as_o it_o march_v over_o the_o juncture_n it_o become_v tendinous_a and_o be_v insert_v like_o the_o former_a to_o the_o head_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la 19_o this_o move_v the_o arm_n direct_o backward_o teres_n minor_n b._n spigel_n t._n 17._o lib._n 4._o a_o b._n so_o call_v from_o its_o figure_n and_o magnitude_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o the_o follow_v this_o muscle_n in_o some_o body_n be_v confound_v with_o the_o former_a but_o in_o other_o we_o have_v find_v it_o distinct_a it_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o inferior_a costa_n of_o the_o scapula_n 14_o and_o descend_v oblique_o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o over_o the_o superior_a head_n of_o the_o gemellus_n major_n where_o become_v tendinous_a it_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o head_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la 19_o when_o this_o act_v the_o arm_n be_v move_v somewhat_o backward_o and_o downward_o teres_n major_a l._n vesal_n m._n t._n 11._o l._n this_o arise_v from_o the_o inferior_a angle_n of_o the_o scapula_n 13_o and_o become_v a_o round_a fleshy_a body_n ascend_v oblique_o with_o the_o former_a but_o then_o pass_v under_o the_o superior_a head_n of_o the_o gemellus_n and_o make_v a_o short_a flat_a tendon_n insert_v below_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la close_a to_o that_o of_o the_o follow_v latissimus_fw-la dorsi_fw-la sive_fw-la aniscaptor_n p_o vesal_n m._n t._n 9_o o._n p_o the_o first_o appellation_n it_o receive_v from_o its_o large_a dimension_n it_o with_o its_o partner_n cover_v the_o whole_a back_o the_o latter_a from_o the_o use_n that_o be_v sometime_o make_v of_o it_o it_o be_v thin_a broad_a tendinous_a origination_n be_v continue_v from_o the_o seven_o inferior_a spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n pp_n and_o all_o those_o of_o the_o xv_o fig._n xv_o loin_n rr_z and_o superior_a of_o the_o o_o sacrum_n 34_o and_o the_o posterior_n part_n of_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n 30_o begin_v to_o grow_v carnous_a as_o it_o pass_v over_o the_o longissimus_fw-la dorsi_fw-la and_o sacrolumbus_n and_o in_o its_o progress_n over_o the_o curvate_v part_n of_o the_o rib_n it_o receive_v several_a fasciculi_fw-la of_o fleshy_a fibres_n arise_v from_o thence_o which_o by_o their_o conjunction_n compose_v a_o thick_a body_n still_o lessen_v itself_o in_o its_o dimension_n as_o it_o march_v towards_o the_o axilla_n and_o run_v over_o the_o
early_a hint_n of_o their_o knowledge_n of_o the_o circulation_n of_o the_o blood_n which_o perhaps_o for_o some_o reason_n they_o afterward_o conceal_v falloppius_n be_v a_o most_o accurate_a dissector_n of_o the_o muscle_n as_o will_v appear_v in_o the_o follow_a tract_n and_o his_o ingenuity_n in_o acknowledge_v what_o he_o take_v from_o vesalius_n be_v very_o commendable_a from_o these_o the_o myology_n have_v receive_v its_o great_a improvement_n and_o though_o there_o be_v divers_a other_o that_o have_v write_v on_o this_o subject_a yet_o none_o except_o hieronymus_n fabricius_n ab_fw-la aquapendente_fw-la and_o julius_n casserius_n placentinus_n have_v give_v any_o true_a mark_n of_o their_o knowledge_n herein_o both_o the_o riolan_n pretension_n be_v great_a but_o we_o trace_v they_o in_o falloppius_n there_o be_v divers_a other_o in_o repute_n with_o the_o vulgar_a for_o their_o description_n of_o the_o muscle_n among_o which_o spigelius_n be_v the_o chief_a but_o there_o seem_v to_o be_v nothing_o extraordinary_a in_o his_o book_n beside_o the_o figure_n of_o jul._n casserius_n placentinus_n some_o of_o which_o be_v very_o imperfect_a since_o our_o last_o name_v author_n there_o have_v be_v nothing_o discover_v in_o myotomy_n except_o m._n du_n verny_n oblique_a muscle_n of_o the_o ear._n the_o sculpture_n of_o bidloo_n be_v not_o to_o be_v forget_v since_o they_o express_v divers_a muscle_n and_o other_o part_n so_o near_o the_o life_n the_o many_o that_o have_v late_o write_v on_o this_o subject_n have_v rather_o increase_v than_o diminish_v the_o error_n especial_o those_o that_o write_v in_o english_a and_o particular_o that_o treatise_n of_o mr._n william_n molins_n and_o that_o most_o erroneous_a one_o of_o john_n brown_a be_v only_a collection_n of_o the_o mistake_v of_o other_o indeed_o the_o great_a part_n of_o book_n now_o extant_a be_v mere_a copy_n or_o extract_n and_o useless_a rhapsody_n original_n be_v few_o and_o rare_a mankind_n find_v it_o much_o easy_a to_o transcribe_v and_o steal_v than_o to_o invent_v and_o improve_v though_o nature_n afford_v a_o unexhaustible_a and_o yet_o hide_a treasure_n sufficient_a to_o employ_v the_o search_n and_o industry_n of_o all_o the_o hand_n and_o wit_n in_o the_o world_n one_o great_a mistake_n have_v much_o obstruct_v the_o advancement_n of_o true_a knowledge_n and_o that_o be_v a_o general_a opinion_n the_o sense_n be_v gross_a and_o ignoble_a and_o that_o abstract_a contemplation_n be_v the_o perfection_n of_o human_a nature_n and_o so_o it_o come_v to_o pass_v that_o man_n be_v feed_v and_o please_v with_o chimera_n and_o shadow_n instead_o of_o true_a substantial_a knowledge_n which_o be_v to_o be_v learn_v by_o true_a physical_a examination_n of_o sense_n and_o experiment_n by_o enquiry_n and_o observation_n thus_o after_o repeat_v dissection_n find_v the_o error_n of_o the_o latter_a writer_n of_o myology_n to_o equal_a if_o not_o exceed_v those_o of_o the_o more_o ancient_a author_n i_o be_v induce_v to_o think_v that_o a_o reformation_n of_o so_o considerable_a as_o well_o as_o useful_a a_o part_n of_o anatomy_n will_v not_o be_v altogether_o ungrateful_a to_o the_o public_a at_o this_o time_n neither_o do_v i_o entertain_v such_o a_o design_n without_o foresee_v it_o will_v meet_v with_o its_o enemy_n some_o of_o which_o i_o be_o confident_a will_v disapprove_v of_o the_o undertake_n mere_o for_o the_o sake_n of_o the_o undertaker_n i_o do_v at_o first_o i_o must_v confess_v only_a design_n the_o publication_n of_o my_o own_o observation_n and_o discovery_n make_v in_o dissection_n of_o the_o muscle_n but_o consider_v the_o confusion_n author_n make_v and_o the_o multitude_n of_o mistake_v with_o which_o the_o book_n of_o this_o kind_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v fill_v i_o conceive_v it_o may_v prove_v a_o work_n of_o more_o general_a use_v to_o give_v their_o entire_a history_n wherein_o according_a to_o my_o ability_n i_o have_v rectify_v their_o description_n supply_v the_o defect_n and_o retrench_v the_o error_n of_o other_o and_o do_v justice_n to_o every_o man_n by_o who_o i_o have_v be_v assist_v i_o have_v by_o way_n of_o introduction_n premise_v my_o conjecture_n concern_v the_o composition_n of_o a_o muscle_n and_o its_o contraction_n for_o the_o convenience_n of_o those_o who_o be_v not_o acquaint_v with_o the_o ordinary_a doctrine_n which_o i_o hope_v the_o learned_a reader_n will_v excuse_v for_o the_o same_o reason_n it_o seem_v advisable_v to_o add_v the_o administration_n of_o their_o dissection_n in_o imitation_n of_o galen_n vesalius_n and_o other_o whereby_o the_o learner_n may_v at_o once_o be_v inform_v not_o only_o of_o what_o be_v in_o nature_n but_o of_o the_o manner_n of_o discover_v it_o these_o rule_n be_v insert_v in_o a_o different_a character_n precede_v to_o the_o description_n and_o there_o more_o especial_o where_o any_o difficulty_n may_v arise_v to_o the_o unacquainted_a operator_n and_o to_o render_v what_o my_o particular_a inquiry_n have_v give_v i_o occasion_n to_o observe_v more_o serviceable_a those_o muscle_n here_o describe_v which_o have_v escape_v the_o observation_n of_o other_o be_v not_o only_o delineate_v but_o those_o also_o that_o have_v not_o hitherto_o be_v well_o express_v by_o the_o figure_n of_o vesalius_n julius_n casserius_n which_o be_v annex_v to_o the_o work_n of_o spigelius_n and_o those_o of_o bidloo_n and_o some_o other_o to_o which_o author_n reference_n be_v place_v in_o the_o right_a hand_n margin_n at_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o description_n of_o each_o muscle_n that_o the_o reader_n may_v know_v where_o to_o find_v it_o figure_v last_o to_o complete_a my_o design_n and_o to_o render_v this_o account_n still_o more_o intelligible_a i_o have_v add_v two_o figure_n of_o the_o sceleton_n to_o which_o reference_n be_v make_v in_o the_o text_n by_o number_n answer_v or_o subsequent_a to_o the_o number_n place_v upon_o the_o figure_n cite_v in_o the_o left_a hand_n margin_n to_o the_o end_n the_o whole_a which_o be_v my_o most_o hearty_a wish_n may_v be_v of_o more_o use_n and_o service_n to_o the_o public_a fig_n i._n fig_n ii_o fig_n iii_o fig._n v._n fig._n iu._n fig_n vi_o fig_n vii_o fig_n viii_o fig_n ix_o fig_n x._o fig_n xi_o fig_n xvii_o fig_n xviii_o the_o introduction_n contain_v a_o description_n of_o a_o muscle_n a_o mulcle_n be_v the_o chief_a and_o immediate_a instrument_n of_o spontanious_a motion_n it_o be_v call_v by_o the_o greek_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d either_o from_o the_o resemblance_n divers_a of_o they_o have_v to_o a_o flay_v mouse_n or_o to_o the_o shell_n fish_v call_v musculus_fw-la or_o from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o contract_n under_o this_o denomination_n of_o muscle_n be_v comprehend_v all_o that_o which_o be_v call_v flesh_n which_o be_v not_o one_o continue_a mass_n but_o be_v distinguish_v into_o divers_a portion_n lie_v contiguous_a to_o each_o other_o in_o such_o decent_a order_n as_o conduce_v as_o well_o to_o a_o elegant_a symmetry_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n as_o to_o the_o execution_n of_o each_o muscle_n particular_a office_n a_o muscle_n be_v compose_v of_o membrane_n tendon_n artery_n vein_n nerve_n to_o which_o some_o add_v lymphducts_a and_o fat_n of_o these_o the_o two_o first_o be_v esteem_v proper_a part_n of_o it_o the_o rest_n be_v count_v common_a as_o to_o their_o origin_n whether_o any_o of_o the_o former_a be_v derive_v from_o the_o latter_a or_o whether_o by_o a_o admirable_a stenography_n of_o nature_n they_o be_v all_o delineate_v in_o the_o ouum_fw-la of_o the_o female_a or_o semen_n of_o the_o male_a or_o partly_o in_o both_o before_o the_o impregnation_n shall_v not_o be_v our_o task_n at_o present_a to_o consider_v but_o we_o shall_v brief_o inquire_v into_o the_o intimate_v structure_n of_o a_o muscle_n as_o it_o appear_v in_o a_o adult_n body_n a_o muscle_n be_v common_o distinguish_v into_o three_o part_n viz._n the_o head_n belly_n and_o tail_n the_o head_n or_o beginning_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o centre_n of_o its_o motion_n fix_v to_o the_o most_o stable_a part_n its_o middle_a or_o part_n most_o tumid_a be_v call_v its_o belly_n and_o it_o be_v other_o extreme_a implant_v in_o the_o part_n move_v be_v denominate_v its_o tail_n or_o end_v the_o common_a integument_n of_o muscle_n first_o offer_v itself_o to_o view_v after_o the_o skin_n and_o adipose_n membrane_n be_v remove_v this_o be_v frequent_o complicate_v with_o the_o tendon_n of_o muscle_n especial_o where_o strict_a enclosure_n be_v necessary_a as_o on_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o cubit_n and_o those_o of_o the_o thigh_n and_o tibia_fw-la the_o use_v of_o which_o we_o have_v demonstrate_v chap._n xxvi_o the_o proper_a membrane_n of_o a_o muscle_n do_v immediate_o inclose_v it_o and_o be_v frequent_o conjoin_v with_o the_o former_a especial_o on_o those_o part_n last_o mention_v where_o it_o be_v complicate_v
with_o tendinous_a expansion_n that_o it_o become_v inseparable_a from_o it_o this_o not_o only_o involve_v each_o muscle_n but_o distinct_o enclose_v each_o fasciculus_fw-la of_o its_o fleshy_a fibre_n as_o be_v evident_a in_o the_o glutaei_fw-la maximi_fw-la deltoide_v etc._n etc._n and_o these_o fasciculi_fw-la of_o fleshy_a fibre_n be_v in_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n assist_v by_o these_o their_o proper_a enclosure_n as_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o cubit_n be_v by_o the_o fascia_fw-la lata_fw-la who_o office_n i_o have_v elsewhere_o endeavour_v to_o explain_v in_o the_o interstice_n of_o these_o fasciculi_fw-la in_o robu_v body_n we_o frequent_o find_v fat_a which_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o ordinary_a microscope_n appear_v compose_v of_o certain_a transparent_a membranous_a cell_n distend_v with_o a_o oily_a matter_n which_o plain_o discover_v itself_o to_o the_o naked_a eye_n of_o that_o inquisitive_a anatomist_n dr._n tyson_n in_o the_o dissection_n of_o a_o porpess_n these_o adipose_n cell_n be_v furnish_v with_o blood_n vessel_n as_o be_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v in_o a_o experiment_n i_o late_o make_v by_o inject_v of_o mercury_n into_o the_o artery_n of_o the_o arm._n the_o use_n of_o the_o fat_a according_a to_o the_o ingenious_a dr._n haver_n in_o his_o osteologia_fw-la nova_fw-la pag._n 209._o be_v to_o be_v join_v with_o the_o mucilage_n separate_v from_o the_o neighbour_a glandule_n and_o help_v to_o make_v up_o a_o composition_n to_o preserve_v the_o tendinous_a and_o fleshy_a fibre_n from_o grow_v dry_a and_o rigid_a and_o to_o lubricate_v they_o and_o render_v they_o fit_v for_o action_n the_o tendon_n of_o each_o muscle_n be_v either_o partly_o unite_v or_o partly_o divide_v or_o total_o divide_v if_o unite_v it_o be_v mere_o tendinous_a if_o divide_v it_o be_v esteem_v fleshy_a wherefore_o it_o be_v say_v to_o consist_v of_o tendinous_a and_o fleshy_a fibres_n or_o fleshy_a fibre_n only_o those_o part_n of_o they_o entire_o tendinous_a be_v a_o compage_n of_o filament_n compact_o join_v without_o the_o apparent_a interposition_n of_o other_o part_n as_o blood_n vessel_n nerve_n etc._n etc._n the_o fleshy_a fibre_n be_v continuous_a with_o the_o former_a and_o be_v furnish_v with_o blood_n vessel_n nerve_n and_o lymphducts_a these_o be_v divide_v into_o divers_a fasciculi_fw-la of_o a_o prismatical_a form_n hexagon_n square_n or_o triangular_a each_o fasciculus_fw-la be_v compose_v of_o divers_a tendinous_a filament_n which_o lie_v parallel_v to_o each_o other_o though_o by_o the_o disruption_n of_o these_o prisme_n divers_a oblique_a interfibrillae_fw-la appear_v which_o not_o unlikely_a give_v occasion_n to_o steno_n to_o imagine_v they_o of_o a_o rhomboidal_a constructure_n yet_o by_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o microscope_n they_o also_o appear_v no_o otherwise_o than_o part_n of_o the_o divide_v fasciculus_fw-la that_o appearance_n of_o they_o be_v partly_o cause_v by_o their_o agglutination_n to_o each_o other_o and_o partly_o by_o the_o distribution_n of_o the_o blood_n vessel_n and_o nerve_n pass_v to_o each_o fibrilla_n which_o intersect_v each_o other_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v may_v impose_v on_o borellus_n and_o make_v he_o conceive_v these_o fibrillae_n to_o be_v compose_v of_o many_o link_n of_o a_o rhomboidal_a or_o lozenge_n figure_n each_o of_o these_o fibrillae_n be_v much_o small_a than_o the_o fine_a hair_n their_o figure_n be_v cylindrical_a their_o internal_a substance_n be_v porous_a like_o a_o hair_n with_o this_o difference_n to_o wit_n the_o pore_n of_o that_o be_v more_o numerous_a and_o less_o and_o in_o this_o the_o pore_n be_v large_a and_o few_o which_o we_o shall_v have_v occasion_n to_o mention_v in_o examine_v the_o distribution_n of_o the_o blood_n vessel_n the_o nerve_n accompany_v the_o blood_n vessel_n at_o their_o ingress_n into_o muscle_n and_o be_v distribute_v to_o all_o their_o carnous_a fibres_n some_o have_v think_v the_o head_n of_o the_o muscle_n to_o be_v the_o place_n of_o their_o insertion_n but_o that_o opinion_n have_v be_v long_o since_o explode_v it_o be_v evident_a that_o divers_a muscle_n receive_v two_o or_o three_o branch_n of_o nerve_n in_o differ_v part_n of_o them_o how_o the_o extremity_n of_o nerve_n terminate_v in_o these_o and_o other_o part_n be_v still_o likely_a to_o be_v a_o secret_a in_o nature_n since_o neither_o the_o naked_a eye_n or_o any_o microscope_n yet_o know_v be_v capable_a of_o render_v it_o a_o matter_n of_o autopsie_n the_o examination_n of_o nerve_n by_o the_o microscope_n do_v sufficient_o inform_v we_o that_o nothing_o that_o have_v be_v say_v of_o they_o hitherto_o be_v less_o probable_a than_o that_o they_o be_v employ_v in_o convey_v any_o part_n of_o the_o succus_fw-la nutritius_n to_o other_o part_n which_o some_o have_v so_o gross_o dream_v of_o it_o be_v true_a that_o a_o atrophea_fw-la of_o part_n will_v follow_v upon_o the_o abscission_n or_o relaxation_n of_o their_o nerve_n but_o if_o we_o consider_v what_o alteration_n must_v inevitable_o happen_v in_o the_o tone_n of_o those_o part_n who_o nerve_n be_v divide_v or_o relax_v we_o shall_v not_o be_v much_o at_o a_o loss_n in_o assign_v a_o cause_n for_o that_o phaenomenon_n that_o the_o trunk_n of_o nerve_n be_v compose_v of_o divers_a fasciculi_fw-la of_o fibrillae_n lie_v parallel_n to_o each_o other_o be_v what_o ocular_a demonstration_n evince_v but_o by_o the_o help_n of_o our_o glass_n those_o fibrillae_n which_o before_o scarce_o appear_v to_o we_o will_v discover_v themselves_o to_o be_v still_o make_v up_o of_o divers_a other_o and_o all_o of_o they_o full_a of_o pore_n and_o if_o by_o chance_n you_o discover_v a_o single_a fibrilla_n as_o i_o have_v sometime_o do_v you_o will_v find_v its_o substance_n porous_a but_o if_o i_o may_v be_v allow_v to_o calculate_v its_o dimension_n by_o the_o same_o microscope_n it_o do_v not_o seem_v to_o exceed_v the_o hundred_o part_n of_o a_o hair_n its_o content_n in_o those_o curious_a fine_a cell_n or_o pore_n must_v necessary_o be_v very_o subtle_a nor_o will_v i_o contend_v with_o those_o who_o will_v call_v they_o animal_n spirit_n or_o a_o aerial_a body_n such_o as_o the_o materia_fw-la primi_fw-la or_o secundi_fw-la elementi_fw-la of_o des_n cartes_n nor_o shall_v i_o concern_v myself_o with_o a_o account_n of_o the_o transmission_n or_o derivation_n of_o this_o subtle_a matter_n from_o the_o great_a fountain_n whether_o of_o the_o brain_n or_o blood_n vessel_n pass_v immediate_o between_o the_o nervous_a fasciculi_fw-la since_o i_o hear_v my_o ingenious_a friend_n dr._n ridly_n will_v publish_v his_o accurate_a anatomical_a lecture_n late_o read_v in_o the_o amphitheatre_n of_o the_o college_n of_o p_o 〈…〉_o ians_n wherein_o he_o have_v touch_v on_o this_o particular_a the_o blood_n vessel_n of_o each_o muscle_n like_o those_o of_o other_o part_n be_v artery_n and_o vein_n of_o which_o the_o former_a import_n blood_n into_o it_o and_o the_o latter_a convey_v it_o back_o again_o to_o the_o heart_n how_o these_o transmit_v their_o content_n to_o each_o other_o have_v be_v a_o controversy_n among_o anatomist_n till_o the_o industrious_a leewenhock_n by_o the_o assistance_n of_o his_o microscope_n discover_v those_o vessel_n in_o the_o transparent_a fimbriae_fw-la of_o the_o tail_n of_o a_o eel_n or_o lacerta_fw-la aquatica_fw-la to_o be_v continue_v channel_n without_o the_o interposition_n of_o any_o spongious_a body_n which_o anatomist_n have_v so_o long_o imagine_v which_o please_v phaenomenon_n be_v common_o demonstrate_v by_o those_o improve_v microscope_n make_v by_o mr._n lane_n mr._n live_v in_o abchurch_n lane_n mellang_n that_o it_o be_v needless_a to_o say_v more_o of_o it_o in_o this_o place_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v proceed_v to_o relate_v what_o offer_v itself_o in_o a_o experiment_n i_o late_o make_v by_o inject_v mercury_n into_o the_o great_a artery_n of_o the_o arm_n which_o not_o only_o prove_v what_o borellus_n have_v observe_v that_o even_o the_o fleshy_a fibres_fw-fr of_o muscle_n be_v in_o themselves_o white_a and_o that_o their_o red_a tincture_n be_v from_o blood_n but_o be_v a_o intimation_n of_o a_o peculiar_a conformation_n of_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o blood_n vessel_n which_o be_v fill_v as_o full_a with_o mercury_n as_o they_o can_v be_v before_o with_o blood_n and_o afterward_o in_o examine_v the_o fibrillae_n i_o find_v their_o cell_n beforementioned_a fill_v with_o the_o mercury_n these_o cell_n by_o what_o i_o have_v as_o yet_o observe_v do_v not_o communicate_v with_o each_o other_o but_o as_o i_o have_v some_o reason_n to_o conceive_v there_o be_v certain_a foramina_fw-la in_o the_o side_n of_o the_o artery_n that_o open_v into_o them_o each_o globule_n of_o mercury_n in_o the_o fibrillae_n appear_v to_o be_v almost_o as_o big_a as_o two_o or_o three_o globule_n of_o the_o blood_n hence_o it_o may_v be_v account_v how_o the_o intumescence_n of_o these_o part_n happen_v by_o often_o inject_v water_n by_o the_o
artery_n in_o dead_a animal_n that_o be_v a_o body_n who_o part_n be_v very_o apt_a to_o insinuate_v themselves_o qua_fw-la da_fw-la tur_fw-la porta_n these_o cell_n become_v distend_v by_o it_o hence_o also_o a_o account_n may_v be_v give_v how_o muscle_n be_v excite_v to_o act_v by_o such_o injection_n make_v soon_o after_o the_o death_n of_o the_o animal_n but_o of_o this_o hereafter_o these_o contemplation_n compare_v with_o some_o experiment_n i_o afterward_o make_v do_v almost_o tempt_v i_o to_o form_v a_o hypothesis_n of_o the_o contraction_n of_o a_o muscle_n but_o reflect_v on_o the_o various_a conjecture_n of_o so_o many_o learned_a writer_n who_o have_v already_o employ_v themselves_o on_o this_o subject_a i_o find_v it_o will_v prove_v a_o work_n of_o more_o time_n to_o refute_v what_o have_v already_o be_v propose_v and_o corroborate_v my_o conjecture_n with_o repeat_v experiment_n than_o i_o have_v allot_v myself_o for_o that_o purpose_n the_o former_a anatomist_n be_v unacquainted_a with_o the_o intimate_v structure_n of_o a_o muscle_n and_o use_v of_o the_o part_n which_o compose_v it_o place_v the_o power_n of_o contraction_n in_o its_o nerve_n or_o in_o its_o carnous_a fibre_n only_o the_o accurate_a steno_n conceive_v the_o fleshy_a fibres_n and_o opposite_a tendon_n of_o muscle_n to_o bear_v a_o analogy_n in_o their_o constructure_n to_o parallellogram_n imagine_v that_o a_o alteration_n of_o the_o angle_n of_o their_o areae_fw-la may_v be_v make_v by_o extension_n only_o of_o its_o fleshy_a fibre_n and_o this_o he_o suppose_v may_v be_v do_v without_o the_o accession_n of_o new_a matter_n dr._n willis_n pretend_v that_o the_o animal_n spirit_n bring_v by_o the_o nerve_n be_v lodge_v in_o the_o tendon_n of_o muscle_n which_o join_v with_o other_o particle_n of_o a_o active_a nature_n supply_v from_o the_o blood_n make_v a_o effervescence_n by_o which_o the_o carnous_a fibre_n be_v exagitated_a which_o be_v lax_n and_o porous_a be_v stuff_v and_o become_v corrugate_v hence_o he_o suppose_v the_o whole_a muscle_n be_v also_o contract_a dr._n mayow_o imagine_v the_o contraction_n of_o a_o muscle_n may_v be_v make_v by_o a_o effervescence_n arise_v from_o the_o commixture_n of_o sulphureo-salinë_a particle_n secreat_v from_o the_o mass_n of_o blood_n and_o nitro-aerious_a one_o transmit_v by_o the_o nerve_n m._n du_n verny_n conjecture_n a_o intumescence_n may_v be_v make_v in_o the_o carnous_a fibres_fw-fr of_o muscle_n without_o a_o ferment_n suppose_v like_o dr._n willis_n that_o the_o tendon_n be_v storehouse_n of_o spirit_n which_o be_v excite_v by_o new_a one_o from_o the_o brain_n and_o those_o together_o with_o a_o juice_n supply_v by_o the_o artery_n extend_v the_o fleshy_a fibres_fw-fr like_o a_o fiddlestring_n expose_v in_o a_o moist_a air._n dr._n croon_n suppose_v each_o distinct_a carnous_a fibre_n to_o consist_v of_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o small_a globule_n or_o little_a bladder_n open_v into_o one_o another_o and_o that_o the_o nourish_v juice_n convey_v at_o large_a among_o the_o carnous_a fibres_fw-fr through_o the_o artery_n by_o the_o constant_a pulse_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v drive_v on_o and_o after_o mix_v with_o another_o liquor_n between_o those_o fibres_fw-es pass_v into_o the_o cavity_n of_o each_o globule_n or_o bladder_n where_o it_o mix_v with_o a_o second_o sort_n of_o matter_n more_o active_a than_o the_o former_a and_o by_o these_o constant_a agitation_n ebullition_n and_o effervescence_n with_o the_o natural_a heat_n he_o imagine_v be_v partly_o the_o cause_n and_o partly_o the_o constant_a assister_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o a_o muscle_n vid._n hook_n philosophical_a collect._n n._n 2._o p._n 22._o joh._n alphonsus_n borellus_n enlighten_v with_o mechanical_a demonstration_n after_o a_o enquiry_n into_o the_o intimate_a structure_n of_o a_o muscle_n conceive_v its_o fibre_n to_o be_v compose_v of_o a_o chain_n of_o divers_a rhombi_fw-la or_o lozenge_n who_o areae_fw-la may_v be_v enlarge_v or_o diminish_v by_o the_o accession_n or_o retrocession_n of_o body_n insinuate_v themselves_o like_o so_o many_o wedge_n into_o it_o and_o these_o he_o think_v be_v a_o nervous_a juice_n instill_a ad_fw-la imperium_fw-la animae_fw-la join_v with_o the_o blood_n or_o lymphe_n whence_o a_o ebullition_n or_o fermentation_n do_v arise_v the_o experiment_n i_o have_v make_v compare_v with_o that_o above_o mention_v by_o inject_v mercury_n seem_v to_o intimate_v that_o the_o blood_n bare_o as_o a_o fluid_a be_v a_o assistant_n in_o the_o contraction_n of_o a_o muscle_n and_o this_o do_v not_o only_o appear_v by_o make_v a_o ligature_n on_o the_o descend_v trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi of_o a_o live_a animal_n whereby_o all_o the_o inferior_a part_n become_v destitute_a of_o motion_n which_o they_o again_o recover_v by_o lose_v that_o ligature_n and_o admit_v the_o blood_n to_o flow_v again_o into_o the_o muscle_n but_o even_o after_o the_o cessation_n of_o motion_n in_o the_o same_o animal_n it_o be_v surprise_v to_o observe_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o leg_n renew_v their_o contraction_n upon_o the_o injection_n of_o water_n only_o into_o the_o crural_a artery_n which_o experiment_n i_o have_v frequent_o repeat_v with_o the_o like_a success_n hence_o i_o begin_v to_o suspect_v that_o the_o blood_n be_v the_o pondus_fw-la by_o which_o the_o action_n of_o a_o muscle_n be_v perform_v and_o that_o either_o by_o a_o turgescence_n begin_v in_o the_o parietes_fw-la of_o the_o cell_n of_o the_o fleshy_a fibres_n cause_v by_o the_o content_n of_o the_o nerve_n agitate_a ad_fw-la imperium_fw-la animae_fw-la or_o by_o constriction_n of_o the_o venous_a dust_n may_v be_v the_o immediate_a cause_n of_o replietion_n of_o the_o cell_n whereby_o the_o length_n of_o their_o fibrilla_n be_v lessen_v and_o this_o opinion_n i_o can_v rather_o entertain_v because_o it_o seem_v to_o quadrate_n with_o that_o of_o animal_n of_o de_fw-fr motu_fw-la animal_n borelle_n and_o the_o late_a ingenious_a dr._n 2._o dr._n m._n hook_n philos._n collect._n numb_a 2._o croon_n to_o who_o far_a explication_n i_o refer_v the_o inquisitive_a reader_n the_o content_n chap._n i._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la 17_o chap._n ii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o testes_fw-la 30_o chap._n iii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o penis_n 31_o chap._n iv_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o bladder_n of_o urine_n 35_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o anus_fw-la 37_o chap._n vi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o hairy-scalp_n and_o forehead_n 40_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eyelid_n 43_o chap._n viii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eye_n 47_o chap._n ix_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o nose_n 54_o chap._n x._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o cheek_n and_o li_n 57_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o auricula_fw-la or_o outward_a ear._n page_n 63_o chap._n xii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o internal_a ear._n 65_o chap._n xiii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o os_fw-mi hyoide_v or_o bone_n of_o the_o tongue_n 73_o chap._n fourteen_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o tongue_n 78_o chap._n xv._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o larynx_n 80_o chap._n xvi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o fauces_fw-la 86_o chap._n xvii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o gargareon_o 90_o chap._n xviii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n 93_o chap._n xix_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thorax_n that_o appear_v the_o body_n lie_v supine_n 98_o chap._n xx._n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o scapula_n or_o shoulderblade_n 109_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thorax_n which_o appear_v the_o body_n lie_v prone_a 113_o chap._n xxii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o head_n 116_o chap._n xxiii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o neck_n 127_o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o back_n and_o loin_n 131_o chap._n xxv_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o arm._n page_n 138_o chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o cubit_n 145_o chap._n xxvii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o palm_n of_o the_o hand_n 152_o chap._n xxviii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o four_o finger_n 155_o chap._n xxix_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thumb_n 166_o chap._n xxx_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o wrist_n or_o carpus_n 171_o chap._n xxxi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o radius_fw-la 174_o chap._n xxxii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thigh_n 178_o chap._n xxxiii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o leg._n 192_o chap._n xxxiv_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o foot_n or_o tarsus_n 206_o chap_n xxxv_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o great_a toe_n 214_o chap._n xxxvi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o four_o lesser_a toe_n 218_o book_n print_v for_o samuel_n smith_n and_o benjamin_n walford_n at_o the_o prince_n arm_n in_o st._n paul's-church-yard_n martini_n lister_n m._n d._n &_o s._n r._n s._n exercitatio_fw-la anatomica_fw-la de_fw-la cochleis_fw-la maximè_fw-la terrestribus_fw-la
not_o take_v notice_n of_o either_o through_o inadvertency_n in_o dissection_n or_o be_v impose_v on_o by_o part_n of_o the_o levatores_fw-la any_o which_o remain_v on_o the_o prostate_n which_o riolan_n call_v the_o xxxvii_o anthrop_n lib._n v._o c._n xxxvii_o sphincter_n externus_fw-la it_o be_v seat_v in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n immediate_o above_o the_o glandulae_fw-la prostatae_fw-la where_o as_o fallopius_n say_v anatom_n observat._v anatom_n you_o must_v not_o expect_v to_o find_v a_o entire_a muscle_n and_o substance_n distinct_a from_o the_o subject_a cannal_n like_o that_o of_o the_o anus_fw-la but_o the_o more_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o bladder_n compose_v of_o many_o transverse_a fibres_n who_o contraction_n hinder_v the_o involuntary_a egress_n of_o the_o urine_n n._n to_o discover_v these_o transverse_a fibres_n our_o author_n advise_v to_o immerge_n the_o bladder_n in_o scald_a water_n after_o inflation_n the_o external_n right_a fibres_n be_v remove_v these_o will_v appear_v underneath_o chap._n v._o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o anus_fw-la the_o penis_n together_o with_o the_o bladder_n of_o urine_n be_v remove_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o anus_fw-la offer_n themselves_o to_o view_n anatomist_n have_v not_o agree_v in_o their_o number_n galen_n divide_v thirty_o de_fw-fr musc._n cap._n thirty_o the_o sphincter_n into_o two_o viz._n carnosus_fw-la and_o cutaneus_n which_o with_o the_o two_o levatores_n make_v four_o muscle_n belong_v to_o this_o part._n riolan_n multiply_v xl_o anthrop_n lib._n v._o cap._n xl_o they_o to_o the_o number_n of_o nine_o three_o sphincter_n namely_o carnosus_fw-la or_o the_o outermost_a cutaneus_n or_o the_o middle_a and_o vaginalis_fw-la or_o the_o superior_a and_o inmost_a and_o six_o elevator_n two_o internal_a and_o four_o external_n but_o this_o opinion_n seem_v rather_o ground_v on_o fancy_n or_o some_o particular_a subject_n than_o a_o general_a appearance_n of_o they_o in_o dissection_n sphincter_n ani._n c._n bid._n t._n 47._o f._n 5._o b_o d_o d_o c._n this_o be_v a_o large_a thick_a fleshy_a muscle_n encompass_v the_o anus_fw-la its_o figure_n and_o series_n of_o fibres_n external_o immediate_o under_o the_o skin_n incline_v twelve_o fig._n twelve_o to_o a_o ablong_a oval_n it_o be_v connect_v forward_o to_o the_o accelerator_fw-la urinae_fw-la d_o as_o above_o note_v backward_o to_o the_o os_fw-la coccygis_fw-la as_o it_o be_v continue_v far_o upon_o the_o body_n of_o the_o intestinum_fw-la rectum_fw-la its_o fibre_n be_v circular_a for_o near_a two_o inch_n in_o breadth_n it_o be_v much_o large_a in_o man_n than_o in_o other_o animal_n in_o who_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o erect_a position_n of_o the_o body_n there_o be_v great_a force_n require_v to_o retain_v the_o faeces_fw-la which_o be_v the_o office_n of_o this_o muscle_n levatores_fw-la ani._n e._n ibid._n e_o e._n riolan_n reprehend_v spigelius_n for_o his_o spigelii_fw-la animad_fw-la in_o lib._n anatom_n spigelii_fw-la description_n of_o these_o muscle_n they_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o each_o side_n the_o ossa_fw-la pubis_fw-la internal_o within_o the_o pelvis_n 33_o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o as_o also_o from_o part_n of_o the_o o_o ischium_n 31_o and_o sacrum_n o_o from_o these_o place_n like_o line_n draw_v from_o a_o circumference_n towards_o a_o centre_n its_o fibre_n descend_v over_o the_o musculi_fw-la marsupiales_n to_o their_o implantation_n at_o the_o low_a end_n of_o the_o intestinum_fw-la rectum_fw-la in_o the_o anus_fw-la the_o use_n of_o these_o muscle_n be_v chief_o to_o suspend_v and_o draw_v the_o anus_fw-la upward_o lest_o the_o faecis_fw-la shall_v be_v burdensome_a to_o the_o sphincter_n in_o their_o descent_n on_o each_o side_n forward_o from_o the_o ossa_fw-la pubis_fw-la they_o pass_v close_o over_o the_o glandulae_fw-la prostatoe_n in_o a_o manner_n embrace_v they_o as_o before_o by_o which_o mechanism_n they_o be_v render_v capable_a of_o compress_v they_o and_o by_o retraction_n of_o the_o anus_fw-la at_o the_o same_o time_n act_n on_o the_o vesiculoe_n seminales_fw-la in_o order_n to_o promote_v the_o emission_n of_o the_o seed_n in_o coitu_fw-la we_o proceed_v next_o to_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o hairy-scalp_n etc._n etc._n chap._n vi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o hairy-scalp_n and_o forehead_n n._n to_o demonstrate_v these_o muscle_n the_o follow_v method_n may_v be_v observe_v make_v incision_n through_o the_o common_a integument_n of_o the_o head_n the_o first_o and_o direct_a line_n of_o division_n be_v continue_v from_o the_o middle_a and_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la to_o the_o same_o part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la frontis_fw-la the_o other_o transverse_n from_o two_o circular_a duct_n round_o each_o ear_n intersect_v the_o former_a on_o the_o sinciput_fw-la begin_v from_o the_o concourse_n of_o angles_n take_v care_n in_o free_v the_o forehead_n not_o to_o raise_v the_o frontale_n occipitalis_fw-la this_o and_o its_o partner_n be_v mention_v by_o columbus_n and_o accurate_o describe_v anatom_n lib._n v._o cap._n seven_o observat._v anatom_n by_o falloppius_n they_o be_v short_a but_o broad_o thin_a fleshy_a muscle_n situate_v on_o the_o occiput_fw-la from_o whence_o they_o derive_v their_o name_n each_o of_o these_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la xviii_o fig._n xviii_o where_o the_o mastoideus_n and_o musculus_fw-la splenius_n be_v insert_v and_o soon_o become_v tendinous_a join_v with_o the_o pericranium_n which_o firm_o adhere_v to_o the_o hairy-scalp_n on_o the_o sinciput_fw-la when_o these_o act_n they_o pull_v the_o hairy-scalp_n backward_o frontalis_n this_o arise_v thin_a broad_a and_o fleshy_a from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la frontis_fw-la near_o the_o sutara_fw-mi coronalis_fw-la and_o descend_v by_o the_o posterior_n and_o before_o part_n of_o the_o temporalis_fw-la meet_v with_o its_o partner_n near_o their_o insertion_n to_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o eyebrow_n aa_n i._n fig._n i._n these_o act_v draw_v up_o and_o wrinkle_v the_o skin_n of_o the_o forehead_n and_o can_v antagonise_v the_o former_a muscle_n as_o some_o imagine_v since_o their_o origination_n be_v from_o the_o bone_n above_o and_o their_o termination_n in_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o forehead_n beside_o these_o volcherus_fw-la coiter_v count_v anatom_n observat._v anatom_n another_o pair_n which_o late_a author_n call_v corrugatores_fw-la arise_v near_o each_o great_a canthus_n of_o the_o eye_n at_o the_o puncta_fw-la lachrymalia_n seem_v to_o terminate_v about_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o eyebrow_n but_o we_o rather_o incline_v to_o the_o opinion_n of_o other_o who_o take_v they_o to_o be_v two_o oblique_a elongation_n of_o the_o former_a muscle_n n._n to_o raise_v the_o skin_n and_o discover_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o face_n which_o in_o the_o order_n of_o dissection_n be_v next_o to_o be_v prosecute_v continue_v your_o former_a division_n from_o the_o dorsum_fw-la nasi_n where_o you_o before_o leave_v it_o to_o its_o apex_n from_o two_o semicircular_a section_n on_o each_o side_n the_o alae_n nasi_n to_o the_o septum_fw-la narium_fw-la make_v a_o direct_a one_o to_o join_v with_o a_o circular_a incision_n about_o the_o lip_n and_o from_o the_o middle_n of_o that_o of_o the_o low_a lip_n draw_v your_o knife_n direct_o over_o the_o chin_n neck_n and_o sternum_n till_o you_o meet_v that_o longitudinal_n one_o make_v in_o dissection_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la the_o skin_n be_v best_a clear_v from_o the_o eyelid_n after_o raise_v it_o from_o the_o circumambient_a part_n in_o the_o practice_n of_o this_o operation_n special_a attention_n must_v be_v have_v lest_o you_o wound_v the_o orbicularis_fw-la palpebrarum_fw-la care_v also_o must_v be_v take_v in_o raise_v the_o skin_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o face_n not_o to_o raise_v the_o quadratus_n genae_fw-la with_o it_o chap._n vii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o eyelid_n galen_n and_o the_o ancient_a anatomist_n vi_o de_fw-fr dissect_v muscul_fw-la cap._n vi_o together_o with_o vesalius_n be_v extreme_o deceive_v in_o their_o idea_n of_o these_o muscle_n in_o divide_v the_o orbicularis_fw-la x._o hum._n corp._n fab._n lib._n ii_o cap._n x._o into_o two_o and_o suppose_v thereby_o all_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o eyelid_n be_v perform_v but_o this_o systeme_n be_v first_o alter_v by_o falloppius_n partly_o anatom_n observat._v anatom_n from_o a_o intimation_n of_o oribasius_n in_o his_o book_n de_fw-fr dissect_v muscul_fw-la ex_fw-la galeno_fw-it cap._n vi._n where_o he_o take_v notice_n that_o in_o the_o cure_n of_o a_o aegilop_n not_o only_o the_o describe_v beginning_n of_o these_o muscle_n be_v cut_v and_o burn_v away_o but_o the_o bone_n underneath_o exfoliate_v and_o yet_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o eyelid_n remain_v and_o partly_o from_o the_o dissection_n of_o the_o eye_n in_o a_o sea-calf_n where_o he_o observe_v four_o muscle_n latent_fw-la in_o the_o orbit_n insert_v above_o underneath_o and_o on_o both_o side_n the_o
lip_n be_v either_o common_a to_o the_o cheek_n and_o lip_n or_o to_o both_o lip_n or_o proper_a to_o the_o upper_a or_o under_o lip_n only_o those_o common_a to_o the_o cheek_n and_o lip_n be_v two_o pair_n on_o each_o side_n two_o muscle_n viz._n the_o quadratus_n and_o buccinator_n quadratus_n genae_fw-la seu_fw-la tetragonus_n 〈◊〉_d vesal_n m._n t._n 3._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d by_o galen_n call_v platusma_n muoide_v two_o de_fw-fr mus._n cap._n two_o or_o the_o muscular_a expansion_n this_o be_v a_o great_a square_a muscle_n lie_v under_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o be_v spread_v over_o the_o whole_a inferior_a region_n of_o the_o face_n it_o arise_v thin_a and_o membranous_a according_a to_o galen_n from_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n it_o also_o spring_v from_o the_o skin_n on_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o cuccularis_fw-la and_o pectoral_a muscle_n from_o hence_o ascend_v under_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o neck_n become_v fleshy_a and_o one_o part_n adhere_v to_o the_o os_fw-mi hyoide_v be_v soon_o insert_v to_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o low_a jaw_n the_o other_o broad_a portion_n proceed_v far_o to_o its_o implantation_n in_o the_o cheek_n below_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o li_n when_o both_o these_o muscle_n act_n they_o pull_v down_o each_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n together_o with_o the_o cheek_n which_o posture_n of_o the_o face_n be_v the_o proper_a expression_n of_o sorrow_n but_o if_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o these_o muscle_n which_o lie_v on_o the_o neck_n act_n alone_o they_o distend_v the_o superincumbent_a skin_n by_o make_v it_o approach_v to_o a_o direct_a line_n with_o the_o claviculae_fw-la 14_o and_o lower_v jaw_n bone_n xvii_o fig._n xvii_o 10_o which_o otherwise_o be_v indent_v according_a to_o the_o formation_n of_o the_o part_n where_o by_o a_o double_a chin_n as_o they_o call_v it_o be_v represent_v buccinator_n so_o call_v because_o in_o trumpeter_n it_o force_v out_o the_o breath_n this_o muscle_n do_v not_o spring_n from_o the_o gum_n of_o the_o upper_a and_o end_n in_o those_o of_o the_o nether_a jaw_n nor_o be_v it_o of_o that_o figure_n which_o vulgar_a anatomist_n will_v persuade_v we_o or_o intertext_n with_o various_a order_n of_o fibres_n as_o other_o pretend_v it_o arise_v broad_a and_o fleshy_a from_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o processus_n corone_n b_o of_o four_o fig._n four_o the_o low_a jaw_n bone_n from_o hence_o proceed_v with_o direct_a fibres_n it_o adhere_v to_o the_o gum_n of_o both_o jaw_n and_o be_v so_o insert_v to_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o li_n k._n i._n fig._n i._n through_o the_o middle_n of_o this_o muscle_n pass_v the_o ductus_fw-la salivalis_fw-la superior_a do_v which_o placentinus_n have_v observe_v and_o lxix_o theat_v anatom_n lib._n iii._o cap._n lxix_o call_v vinculum_fw-la robustum_fw-la as_o casper_n bauhin_n write_v beside_o the_o use_v trumpeter_n make_v of_o this_o muscle_n it_o also_o pull_v the_o lip_n or_o mouth_n to_o one_o side_n the_o muscle_n common_a to_o both_o lip_n be_v such_o as_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o mouth_n as_o the_o zugomaticus_fw-la elevator_fw-la depressor_n and_o constrictor_fw-la labiorum_fw-la zugomaticus_fw-la so_o call_v by_o riolan_n because_o it_o arise_v 12._o anthropog_n lib._n v._o cap._n 12._o from_o the_o os_fw-la jugale_n or_o zugoma_n 9_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o it_o be_v origination_n be_v round_a and_o fleshy_a from_o the_o external_n part_n of_o the_o say_a bone_n whence_o descend_v oblique_o forward_o be_v insert_v near_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o li_n g._n i._n fig._n i._n when_o this_o muscle_n and_o its_o partner_n act_n they_o draw_v both_o lip_n upward_o and_o make_v a_o pleasant_a countenance_n elevator_fw-la labiorum_fw-la this_o lie_v between_o the_o former_a muscle_n and_o elevator_fw-la labii_fw-la superioris_fw-la proprius_fw-la it_o arise_v from_o the_o os_fw-la quartum_fw-la of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n 5_o and_o descend_v xvii_o fig_n xvii_o direct_o to_o its_o insertion_n under_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o former_a d._n i._n fig._n i._n depressor_n labiorum_fw-la this_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o the_o low_a edge_n of_o the_o inferior_a jaw_n bone_n 10_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o lateral_o and_o ascend_v direct_o to_o its_o insertion_n at_o the_o angle_n of_o the_o li_n h._n i._n fig._n i._n this_o with_o its_o partner_n and_o the_o quadrati_fw-la act_v express_a a_o sorrowful_a countenance_n in_o draw_v down_o the_o corner_n of_o the_o mouth_n and_o cheek_n constrictor_fw-la labiorum_fw-la it_o sphincter_n &_o orbicularis_fw-la labiorum_fw-la this_o environ_n the_o lip_n with_o orbicular_a fibres_n and_o when_o it_o act_v it_o purse_n they_o wherefore_o some_o name_n it_o osculatorius_fw-la f_o f._n i._n fig._n i._n the_o muscle_n proper_a to_o the_o upper_a or_o nether_a lip_n in_o particular_a be_v three_o pair_n viz._n elevatores_fw-la labii_fw-la superioris_fw-la depressores_fw-la and_o elevatores_fw-la labii_fw-la inferioris_fw-la of_o these_o in_o their_o order_n elevator_fw-la labii_fw-la superioris_fw-la this_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o os_fw-la quartum_fw-la of_o the_o upper_a xvii_o fig._n xvii_o jaw_n 5_o immediate_o above_o the_o elevator_n treat_v of_o before_o and_o descend_v oblique_o under_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o upper_a lip_n join_v with_o its_o partner_n in_o a_o middle_a line_n from_o the_o septum_fw-la narium_fw-la to_o its_o termination_n in_o the_o sphincter_n labiorum_fw-la i_o i._n fig._n i._n depressor_n labii_fw-la inferioris_fw-la it_o be_v difficult_a to_o determine_v whether_o this_o be_v one_o only_a or_o two_o muscle_n it_o lie_v between_o the_o depressores_fw-la labiorum_fw-la commune_v describe_v above_o possess_v that_o part_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n call_v the_o chin_n 10_o and_o ascend_v xvii_o fig._n xvii_o with_o a_o direct_a and_o transverse_a order_n of_o fibres_n be_v insert_v into_o the_o nether_a lip_n g._n fig._n i._o 〈◊〉_d fig._n four_o g._n g._n in_o depress_v of_o which_o it_o turn_v it_o outward_o i._n elevator_fw-la labii_fw-la inferioris_fw-la this_o muscle_n with_o its_o partner_n lie_v within_o the_o low_a lip_n these_o we_o first_o observe_v some_o time_n since_o they_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o gum_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n which_o belong_v to_o the_o dentes_fw-la incisorii_fw-la and_o descend_v direct_o to_o their_o implantation_n in_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o chin_n ff_n hence_o it_o be_v when_o four_o fig._n four_o these_o act_n they_o make_v divers_a indentation_n in_o the_o chin_n as_o may_v be_v observe_v in_o live_v person_n when_o the_o low_a lip_n be_v draw_v upward_o chap._n xi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o auricula_fw-la or_o outward_a ear._n falloppius_n the_o author_n of_o these_o muscle_n anatom_n observat._v anatom_n inform_v we_o there_o be_v sometime_o find_v three_o belong_v to_o each_o auricle_n the_o first_o or_o attollens_fw-la the_o second_o or_o deprimens_fw-la and_o the_o three_o which_o be_v part_n of_o the_o platusma_n myoide_v these_o he_o say_v be_v sometime_o want_v though_o he_o have_v frequent_o see_v they_o placentinus_n multiply_v they_o to_o four_o casserius_n lib._n four_o cap._n four_o the_o number_n of_o five_o but_o m._n du_n verney_n in_o his_o accurate_a treatise_n of_o the_o ear_n describe_v two_o only_a who_o account_n we_o have_v find_v the_o true_a from_o those_o inquiry_n we_o have_v make_v into_o this_o part._n attollens_fw-la auriculam_fw-la this_o consist_v of_o divers_a fleshy_a fibres_n and_o be_v annex_v to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o pericranium_n that_o cover_v the_o temporal_a muscle_n whence_o it_o descend_v direct_o to_o its_o implantation_n at_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o second_o wrinkle_n of_o the_o cartilege_n of_o the_o ear._n m._n i._n fig._n i._n it_o be_v name_n declare_v its_o use._n retrahens_fw-la auriculam_fw-la t._n spigel_n lib._n four_o t._n i._o f._n i._n t_o t._n by_o some_o call_v triceps_fw-la auris_fw-la because_o it_o have_v sometime_o three_o beginning_n m._n du_n verney_n say_v it_o be_v compose_v del'ovie_n de_fw-fr l'org_n del'ovie_n of_o five_o or_o six_o fleshy_a fibre_n which_o have_v their_o origination_n from_o the_o superior_a and_o forepart_n of_o the_o apophysis_n mastoide_v and_o descend_v oblique_o to_o their_o insertion_n in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o concha_n auriculae_fw-la n._n these_o muscle_n of_o the_o internal_a ear_n can_v be_v demonstrate_v till_o after_o those_o of_o the_o head_n be_v dispatch_v and_o the_o brain_n remove_v but_o we_o shall_v follow_v the_o example_n of_o other_o and_o insert_v their_o description_n in_o this_o place_n it_o be_v also_o customary_a in_o the_o myological_a lecture_n at_o surgeon_n hall_n to_o show_v they_o in_o a_o dry_a preparation_n from_o the_o precedent_n subject_a chap._n xii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o internal_a ear._n these_o muscle_n be_v altogether_o unknown_a to_o former_a anatomist_n the_o most_o internal_a
fibre_n like_o line_n draw_v from_o a_o circumference_n towards_o a_o centre_n pass_v to_o its_o middle_a part_n where_o its_o tendinous_a fibre_n be_v intercussated_a with_o each_o other_o and_o exhibit_v a_o rete_fw-la it_o have_v two_o large_a perforation_n the_o one_o in_o its_o tendinous_a part_n to_o transmit_v the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la towards_o the_o right_a auricle_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o other_o in_o its_o fleshy_a part_n which_o like_o a_o anulus_fw-la embrace_v the_o oesophagus_n as_o above_o note_a it_o be_v double_a origin_n at_o the_o vertebra_n 34_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o give_v way_n to_o the_o descend_v trunk_n of_o the_o arteria_fw-la magna_fw-la and_o two_o ascend_v of_o the_o ductus_fw-la chyliferus_n and_o vena_fw-la azygos_n it_o be_v use_n in_o the_o animal_n oeconomy_n be_v too_o large_a to_o be_v insert_v in_o this_o place_n pecquet_n observe_v when_o all_o the_o muscle_n of_o respiration_n be_v separate_v and_o remove_v the_o diaphragma_n and_o intercostale_n except_v the_o animal_n still_o persist_v to_o breath_n when_o we_o inspire_v its_o superior_a surface_n come_v towards_o a_o plain_n in_o expiration_n it_o be_v convext_a towards_o the_o thorax_n and_o concave_a towards_o the_o abdomen_fw-la in_o the_o former_a the_o viscera_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n be_v compress_v and_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o thorax_n enlarge_v in_o the_o latter_a the_o air_n be_v express_v out_o of_o the_o vesciculae_fw-la of_o the_o lung_n we_o may_v here_o insert_v another_o singular_a muscle_n the_o heart_n but_o it_o not_o be_v a_o instrument_n of_o voluntary_a motion_n or_o move_v any_o other_o part_n beside_o itself_o and_o the_o blood_n we_o shall_v therefore_o leave_v it_o be_v sufficient_o sensible_a how_o accurate_o dr._n lower_n vieusenius_fw-la and_o other_o have_v describe_v and_o represent_v it_o in_o their_o figure_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o muscle_n that_o appear_v on_o the_o body_n lie_v supine_n do_v partly_o belong_v to_o the_o head_n neck_n and_o limb_n of_o which_o in_o their_o proper_a order_n n._n to_o prosecute_v our_o work_n we_o must_v now_o lay_v the_o subject_a in_o a_o prone_a position_n the_o back_o uppermost_a continue_v our_o section_n from_o the_o occiput_fw-la down_o to_o the_o o_o sacrum_n intersect_v it_o with_o a_o transverse_a line_n over_o the_o regio_fw-la lumbalis_fw-la which_o do_v and_o the_o common_a integument_n remove_v the_o subjacent_a muscle_n may_v be_v best_a dissect_v in_o the_o follow_a order_n chap._n xx._n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o scapula_n or_o shoulderblade_n these_o muscle_n constitute_v the_o three_o order_n of_o those_o belong_v to_o the_o thorax_n the_o reason_n of_o this_o division_n may_v be_v see_v before_o pag._n 98_o and_o 99_o cucullaris_n &_o trapezius_fw-la h._n vesal_n m._n t._n 9_o e_o k_o g_o h._n so_o name_v because_o this_o with_o its_o fellow_n cover_v the_o back_n represent_v a_o cowl_n it_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o the_o os_fw-la xviii_o fig._n xviii_o occipitis_fw-la 2_o tendinous_a from_o the_o ligamentum_fw-la colli_n and_o apex_n of_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o last_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n f_z and_o eight_o superior_a of_o the_o thorax_n pp_n xviii_o fig._n xviii_o from_o which_o broad_a origination_n become_v thick_a and_o fleshy_a it_o be_v so_o insert_v to_o the_o clavicula_fw-la 11_o and_o tendinous_a to_o the_o spina_n scapulae_fw-la 16_o each_o muscle_n be_v triangular_a and_o both_o conjoint_o compose_v a_o lozenge_n or_o trapezium_fw-la who_o large_a diameter_n extend_v from_o the_o occiput_fw-la to_o the_o fifteen_o vertebra_n the_o short_a from_o near_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o spina_n scapuloe_n on_o one_o side_n to_o that_o of_o the_o other_o they_o contain_v a_o triple_a series_n of_o fibres_n the_o middle_a pass_v direct_o transverse_v from_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n those_o above_o descend_v and_o those_o beneath_o ascend_v to_o their_o insertion_n whereby_o the_o scapula_n be_v various_o move_v according_a to_o their_o direction_n either_o oblique_o upward_o direct_o back_o or_o oblique_o downward_o n._n you_o must_v proceed_v with_o caution_n in_o the_o separation_n of_o this_o muscle_n lest_o you_o raise_v the_o follow_v with_o it_o which_o adhere_v very_o strict_o to_o its_o tendinous_a part_n where_o it_o spring_v from_o the_o superior_a spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n thoracis_fw-la rhomboide_n k._n â—id_fw-la g._n h._n i._o k._n so_o call_v from_o its_o figure_n it_o lie_v immediate_o under_o the_o former_a in_o some_o subject_n we_o have_v find_v it_o divide_v into_o two_o distinct_a muscle_n on_o each_o side_n which_o bidloo_n also_o observe_v it_o arise_v tendinous_a from_o the_o two_o inferior_a spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n e_z f_z and_o four_o superior_a of_o the_o xviii_o fi._n xviii_o thorax_n pp_n whence_o descend_v oblique_o become_v thick_a and_o fleshy_a and_o be_v so_o insert_v to_o the_o whole_a basis_n scapulae_fw-la 13_o 13_o when_o it_o act_n it_o draw_v the_o scapula_n upward_o and_o backward_o n._n this_o adhere_v strict_o to_o its_o subjacent_a muscle_n the_o serratus_fw-la superior_n posticus_fw-la wherefore_o you_o must_v be_v cautious_a in_o raise_v it_o levator_fw-la scapulae_fw-la c._n ibid._n c._n by_o some_o call_v levator_fw-la patientiae_fw-la because_o we_o make_v use_v of_o it_o in_o large_a inspiration_n in_o order_n to_o expire_v as_o when_o we_o sigh_v as_o they_o call_v it_o this_o lie_v immediate_o under_o the_o cucullaris_fw-la arise_v by_o so_o many_o separate_a origination_n from_o the_o second_o third_z four_o and_o five_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o xviii_o fi._n xviii_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n nn_n which_o unite_n into_o one_o large_a fleshy_a body_n descend_v oblique_o to_o its_o insertion_n at_o the_o superior_a angle_n of_o the_o scapula_n 13_o it_o be_v name_n declare_v its_o office_n n._n we_o proceed_v next_o to_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thorax_n which_o appear_v on_o the_o backside_n the_o body_n lie_v prone_a to_o discover_v which_o the_o latissimus_fw-la dorsi_fw-la must_v be_v remove_v part_n of_o it_o be_v raise_v in_o the_o ilia_n in_o dissect_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la where_o you_o must_v pursue_v its_o separation_n first_o cut_v it_o from_o the_o posteriour_a part_n of_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o ilium_n 30_o separate_v it_o if_o possible_a from_o the_o serratus_fw-la inferior_n posticus_fw-la free_v it_o from_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o loin_n rr_z and_o inferior_a of_o the_o thorax_n pp_n and_o leave_v it_o at_o its_o insertion_n to_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la 19_o this_o do_v on_o both_o side_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o respiration_n offer_v themselves_o chap._n xxi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thorax_n which_o appear_v the_o body_n lie_v prone_a those_o of_o the_o forepart_n we_o examine_v chap._n xviii_o the_o same_o order_n we_o shall_v here_o observe_v first_o therefore_o of_o the_o proper_a muscle_n relate_v to_o this_o part._n serratus_fw-la superior_a posticus_fw-la f._n vesal_n m._n t._n 11._o f._n this_o lie_v immediate_o under_o the_o rhomboide_n as_o above_o note_v it_o arise_v with_o a_o thin_a tendon_n from_o the_o two_o inferior_a spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o neck_n f_o g_o and_o three_o superior_a of_o the_o thorax_n pp_n from_o thence_o descend_v oblique_o over_o the_o splenius_n capitis_fw-la and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o sacrolumbalis_n and_o dorsi_fw-la longissimus_fw-la it_o become_v fleshy_a march_v under_o the_o scapula_n to_o its_o insertion_n at_o the_o curvature_n of_o the_o second_o ay_o third_z k_o and_o four_o rib_n l_o by_o so_o many_o distinct_a fleshy_a end_n represent_v the_o tooth_n of_o a_o saw_n this_o assist_v in_o elevate_a the_o rib_n or_o thorax_n serratus_fw-la inferior_a posticus_fw-la δ._n vesal_n m._n t._n 11._o δ._n the_o origination_n of_o this_o muscle_n be_v much_o large_a than_o author_n general_o assign_v it_o in_o a_o robu_v subject_a we_o observe_v its_o continuation_n not_o only_o from_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n rr_z but_o from_o all_o those_o of_o the_o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o thorax_n pp_n as_o well_o underneath_o as_o below_o the_o former_a muscle_n its_o superior_a and_o inferior_a part_n be_v entire_o tendinous_a its_o middle_a grow_v fleshy_a near_o its_o serrate_v termination_n at_o the_o curvature_n of_o the_o nine_o q_o ten_o r_o eleven_o s_o and_o extremity_n of_o the_o twelve_o rib_n t_z the_o ductus_fw-la of_o fibres_n of_o this_o pass_a transverse_n and_o those_o of_o the_o precedent_n descend_v oblique_a do_v decussate_fw-it each_z other_z in_o acute_a angle_n which_o riolan_n have_v well_o observe_v v._n anthrop_n lib._n v._n and_o contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o author_n assign_v it_o with_o its_o partner_n a_o different_a use_n in_o depress_v the_o thorax_n both_o perform_v the_o office_n of_o a_o bandige_n in_o bind_v together_o and_o constr_v the_o posterior_n
inferior_a angle_n of_o the_o scapula_n from_o whence_o sometime_o do_v arise_v a_o fleshy_a part_n of_o it_o which_o i_o have_v observe_v in_o those_o body_n in_o who_o the_o teres_n minor_n be_v absent_a be_v at_o last_o insert_v by_o a_o short_a but_o flat_a strong_a tendon_n to_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la near_o the_o former_a the_o next_o muscle_n that_o present_v itself_o be_v the_o coracobrachialis_fw-la by_o some_o call_v perforatus_n which_o be_v describe_v by_o galen_n and_o vesalius_n with_o the_o internal_a head_n of_o the_o biceps_fw-la cubiti_fw-la coracobrachialis_fw-la r._n vesal_n m._n t._n 1._o r._n so_o call_v from_o its_o origination_n and_o insertion_n it_o arise_v partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o tendinous_a from_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o processus_n caracoide_v scapulae_fw-la 16_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o and_o in_o its_o descent_n it_o become_v large_a strict_o adhere_v to_o the_o internal_a tendinous_a beginning_n of_o the_o biceps_fw-la and_o part_n from_o it_o near_o its_o tendinous_a insertion_n at_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la 18_o through_o this_o muscle_n pass_v a_o large_a nerve_n wherefore_o by_o some_o it_o be_v call_v perforatus_n when_o it_o act_v the_o arm_n be_v move_v upward_o and_o turn_v somewhat_o oblique_o outward_a subscapularis_fw-la e._n bid._n tab._n 65._o e._n so_o name_v from_o its_o situation_n by_o some_o call_v immersus_fw-la it_o be_v a_o large_a fleshy_a muscle_n fill_v he_o internal_a con_n cave_n part_n of_o the_o scapula_n 17_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o its_o whole_a basis_n and_o superior_a and_o inferior_a costa_n internal_o and_o march_v forward_o lessen_v itself_o according_a to_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o bone_n and_o pass_v over_o the_o juncture_n be_v insert_v in_o a_o semicircular_a manner_n to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la 20_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o when_o this_o act_v the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la be_v pull_v near_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o body_n the_o tendon_n of_o this_o muscle_n together_o with_o the_o supra_fw-la and_o infraspinatus_n and_o teres_n minor_n unite_v near_o their_o insertion_n and_o environ_v the_o articulation_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la with_o the_o scapula_n not_o unlike_o the_o ligamentum_fw-la latum_fw-la of_o the_o coxa_fw-la to_o prevent_v frequent_a luxation_n and_o by_o their_o successive_a alternate_a act_n the_o arm_n be_v move_v circular_o chap._n xxvi_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o cubit_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o arm_n from_o the_o elbow_n to_o the_o wrist_n be_v call_v the_o cubit_n which_o be_v either_o bend_v or_o extend_v by_o five_o muscle_n namely_o biceps_fw-la brachiaeus_n internus_fw-la gemellus_n brachiaeus_n externus_fw-la and_o anconaeus_n biceps_fw-la q._n vesal_n m._n t._n 1._o q._n because_o it_o have_v two_o head_n or_o beginning_n the_o first_o or_o outmost_a arise_v with_o a_o long_a round_a tendon_n from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o brink_n of_o the_o acetabulum_n scapulae_fw-la 17._o and_o run_v under_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o the_o ligament_n of_o the_o articulation_n in_o a_o sulcus_fw-la or_o channel_n on_o the_o head_n of_o the_o shoulder-bone_n wherein_o it_o be_v enclose_v by_o a_o proper_a ligament_n in_o its_o descent_n it_o begin_v to_o grow_v fleshy_a as_o it_o march_v under_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o pectoral_a muscle_n where_o dilate_v itself_o into_o a_o large_a fleshy_a body_n it_o join_v with_o its_o other_o head_n or_o beginning_n the_o latter_a arise_v with_o a_o somewhat_o broad_a flat_a and_o long_a tendon_n at_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o processus_n caracoide_v scapulae_fw-la 16_o in_o its_o descent_n it_o strict_o adhere_v to_o the_o coracobrachialis_fw-la wherefore_o some_o author_n not_o right_o describe_v that_o muscle_n among_o those_o of_o the_o arm_n have_v mistake_v it_o for_o a_o fleshy_a beginning_n of_o this_o but_o then_o part_v from_o it_o both_o these_o head_n compose_v a_o large_a fleshy_a belly_n which_o become_v tendinous_a near_o the_o cubit_n be_v common_o say_v to_o be_v insert_v by_o a_o strong_a round_a tendon_n to_o the_o tubercle_fw-la at_o the_o upper_a head_n of_o the_o radius_fw-la 25._o but_o we_o xvii_o fi._n xvii_o have_v observe_v this_o tendon_n to_o be_v double_a the_o external_n of_o which_o be_v thin_a pass_v oblique_o over_o the_o musculus_fw-la pronator_n radii_fw-la teres_n and_o membrane_n like_o expand_v itself_o join_v with_o the_o membrana_fw-la communis_fw-la musculorum_fw-la which_o embrace_v all_o the_o external_n muscle_n of_o the_o carpus_n and_o finger_n when_o this_o muscle_n act_v the_o cubit_n be_v bend_v the_o double_a tendinous_a termination_n of_o this_o muscle_n though_o not_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o any_o author_n that_o we_o know_v be_v very_o evident_a and_o be_v observe_v first_o by_o we_o some_o year_n since_o in_o dissect_v these_o muscle_n in_o company_n with_o our_o very_a good_a friend_n that_o most_o indefatigable_a and_o curious_a botanist_n mr._n samuel_n doody_n it_o appear_v immediate_o under_o the_o skin_n and_o membrana_fw-la adiposa_n of_o the_o cubit_n as_o for_o the_o use_n of_o this_o external_n tendon_n which_o we_o call_v fascia_fw-la tendinosa_n it_o seem_v design_v not_o only_o for_o the_o more_o advantageous_a elevation_n or_o bend_v of_o the_o cubit_n which_o it_o more_o easy_o move_v by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o it_o recede_v from_o the_o centre_n of_o its_o motion_n or_o fulcimen_fw-la at_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o arm-bone_n 23_o and_o approach_v xvii_o fig._n xvii_o to_o its_o other_o extreme_a but_o likewise_o strict_o include_v all_o the_o external_n muscle_n whether_o belong_v to_o the_o radius_fw-la carpus_n or_o finger_n it_o thereby_o corroborates_n they_o in_o perform_v those_o strenuous_a action_n they_o be_v necessary_o employ_v in_o this_o latter_a use_n be_v first_o suggest_v to_o we_o by_o observe_v those_o artificial_a bandage_n make_v of_o leather_n which_o some_o laborious_a mechanic_n make_v use_v of_o by_o adapt_a they_o to_o the_o belly_a part_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o cubit_n among_o which_o turner_n and_n especial_o those_o that_o use_v the_o rasp_n in_o make_v the_o frame_v for_o cane-chair_n as_o they_o be_v common_o call_v like_o a_o double_a screw_n be_v frequent_o oblige_v to_o this_o artifice_n in_o phlebotomy_n the_o ductus_fw-la of_o these_o external_n tendinous_a fibres_n ought_v to_o be_v respect_v by_o direct_v the_o launcet_n according_a to_o their_o length_n to_o avoid_v too_o great_a a_o division_n of_o they_o which_o be_v frequent_o the_o occasion_n of_o those_o ill_a symtom_n that_o remain_v after_o that_o so_o common_o practise_v operation_n by_o bold_a blood-letter_n a_o extraordinary_a case_n relate_v to_o this_o muscle_n once_o happen_v in_o our_o practice_n a_o woman_n three_o day_n before_o she_o consult_v we_o have_v as_o she_o suspect_v dislocate_v her_o shoulder-bone_n by_o wring_v of_o linen_n clothes_n after_o wash_v which_o be_v common_o do_v to_o express_v the_o water_n add_v that_o in_o strain_v her_o arm_n in_o that_o action_n she_o sensible_o feel_v something_o as_o she_o think_v slip_v out_o of_o its_o place_n on_o her_o shoulder_n after_o examine_v the_o part_n we_o be_v well_o satisfy_v that_o there_o be_v no_o dislocation_n but_o observe_v a_o depressure_n on_o the_o external_n part_n of_o the_o deltoide_a muscle_n and_o find_v the_o two_o inferior_a tendon_n of_o this_o biciptal_a rigid_a and_o the_o cubit_n thereby_o deny_v its_o due_a extension_n we_o suspect_v that_o the_o external_n tendinous_a beginning_n before_o take_v notice_n of_o be_v slip_v out_o of_o its_o channel_n in_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la but_o find_v the_o part_n at_o that_o time_n somewhat_o inflame_v she_o have_v not_o long_o before_o make_v use_n of_o it_o we_o advise_v she_o to_o a_o emollient_a application_n and_o to_o give_v it_o rest_n till_o the_o next_o morning_n at_o which_o time_n we_o find_v our_o conjecture_n true_a and_o by_o turn_v the_o whole_a arm_n to_o and_o fro_o it_o ready_o slip_v into_o its_o place_n she_o recover_v the_o use_n of_o the_o part_n immediate_o brachioeus_fw-la internus_fw-la s._n vesal_n m._n t._n 1._o s._n this_o derive_v its_o name_n from_o its_o situation_n lie_v partly_o under_o the_o former_a it_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la 18_o at_o the_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o insertion_n of_o the_o deltoide_n and_o caracobrachialis_fw-la muscle_n and_o descend_v over_o the_o juncture_n of_o the_o cubit_n with_o the_o arm-bone_n it_o be_v insert_v partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o tendinous_a to_o the_o superior_a and_o forepart_n of_o the_o ulna_fw-la 26_o this_o be_v also_o a_o bender_n of_o the_o cubit_n gemellus_n q._n id._n m._n t._n 2._o o_o p_o q._n so_o call_v from_o its_o double_a origin_n it_o arise_v first_o tendinous_a from_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o inferior_a costa_n of_o the_o scapula_n 14_o internal_o and_o as_o
hand_n and_o raise_v the_o inferior_a part_n of_o their_o body_n to_o take_v hold_n of_o the_o rope_n with_o their_o foot_n though_o their_o proper_a action_n be_v to_o bend_v the_o loin_n yet_o their_o tendon_n embrace_v the_o two_o follow_a muscle_n which_o we_o have_v frequent_o observe_v to_o extend_v over_o their_o inferior_a part_n not_o unlike_o the_o fascia_fw-la tendinosa_n cubiti_fw-la and_o lata_fw-la of_o the_o thigh_n do_v also_o corroborate_v they_o in_o their_o action_n psoas_fw-la magnus_fw-la seu_fw-la lumbales_n k._n vesal_n m._n t._n 8._o ☉_o bid._n t._n 52._o k._n k._n so_o call_v from_o its_o situation_n it_o be_v a_o round_a somewhat_o large_a and_o fleshy_a muscle_n arise_v from_o all_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n 34_o and_o their_o transverse_a xvii_o fig._n xvii_o process_n which_o x_o y_o z_o internal_o and_o lateral_o within_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la from_o thence_o descend_v over_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o o_o sacrum_n 35_o and_o spine_n of_o the_o ilium_n xvii_o fig._n xvii_o 37_o where_o it_o be_v join_v with_o the_o fleshy_a fibres_fw-fr of_o the_o follow_a muscle_n with_o which_o its_o inseparable_o unite_v at_o their_o partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o tendinous_a insertion_n in_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o lesser_a trochanter_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n 46_o this_o assist_v the_o follow_v in_o its_o action_n iliacus_n internus_fw-la n._n bid._n t._n 52._o n_o n._n this_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o above_o half_a the_o superior_a region_n and_o internal_a concave_a part_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n 36_o and_o in_o its_o descent_n over_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o last_o name_v bone_n 40_o join_v with_o the_o former_a and_o be_v insert_v with_o it_o as_o abovesaid_a partly_o under_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o follow_v this_o together_o with_o the_o former_a move_v the_o thigh_n forward_o in_o progression_n pectineus_n letter_v spigel_n l._n 4._o t._n 31._o not_o letter_v so_o call_v from_o its_o beginning_n at_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la or_o pectinis_fw-la 38_o it_o have_v a_o thick_a broad_a and_o fleshy_a origination_n from_o the_o external_n part_n of_o the_o say_a bone_n between_o the_o two_o last_v describe_v muscle_n and_o second_o head_n of_o the_o triceps_fw-la and_o descend_v oblique_o backward_o it_o become_v a_o flat_a strong_a tendon_n near_o its_o implantation_n to_o the_o asperity_n 37_o on_o the_o posterior_n part_n of_o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la immediate_o below_o the_o lesser_a trochanter_n at_o the_o insertion_n of_o the_o two_o former_a muscle_n this_o act_v together_o with_o the_o two_o precede_a do_v not_o only_o draw_v the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la upward_o but_o direct_v it_o outward_o by_o its_o curve_v descent_n from_o its_o origination_n to_o its_o insertion_n at_o the_o posterior_n part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la which_o be_v a_o provident_a contrivance_n of_o nature_n in_o walk_v since_o the_o thigh-bone_n by_o their_o oblique_a position_n do_v thereby_o render_v the_o toe_n liable_a to_o turn_v inward_o these_o three_o last_o treat_v of_o muscle_n beside_o the_o recti_fw-la abdominis_fw-la and_o psoi_fw-la parvi_fw-la seem_v to_o serve_v for_o the_o inflexion_n of_o the_o body_n and_o direct_v the_o whole_a limb_n to_o wit_n the_o thigh_n leg_n and_o foot_n outward_a in_o a_o more_o graceful_a step._n the_o musculus_fw-la membranosus_fw-la present_v itself_o next_o to_o the_o knife_n therefore_o must_v be_v raise_v before_o we_o can_v gain_v a_o view_n of_o the_o rest_n which_o move_v the_o thigh_n bone_n this_o may_v be_v do_v either_o by_o cut_v it_o from_o its_o fleshy_a origination_n at_o the_o point_n of_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n 37_o and_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o turn_v it_o downward_o or_o after_o its_o well_o clear_v of_o the_o skin_n fat_a and_o membrane_n it_o may_v be_v raise_v contrariwise_o by_o cut_v off_o its_o tendinous_a insertion_n at_o the_o superior_a appendix_n of_o the_o fibula_fw-la 53_o and_o free_v it_o from_o all_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la and_o leave_v it_o at_o its_o origination_n either_o of_o these_o be_v do_v proceed_v to_o raise_v the_o pyriformis_fw-la from_o its_o origin_n within_o the_o pelvis_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la 40_o and_o part_n of_o the_o fleshy_a beginning_n of_o the_o glutaeus_n major_n from_o the_o external_n part_n of_o the_o o_o sacrum_n 34_o and_o coccygis_fw-la 0_o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o the_o bodythen_a be_v lay_v in_o a_o supine_n posture_n and_o the_o leg_n divaricate_v with_o a_o thin_a knife_n divide_v the_o o_o ilium_n 36_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o from_o the_o sacrum_n 35._o glutaeus_n major_n cc._n vesal_n t._n 9_o â—_o t._n 10._o k._n spigel_n t._n 29._o l._n 4._o cc._n so_o call_v from_o its_o be_v the_o large_a muscle_n of_o those_o which_o compose_v the_o buttock_n it_o have_v a_o large_a semicircular_a beginning_n forward_o mere_o tendinous_a from_o near_o two_o three_o of_o the_o external_n part_n of_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n 30_o backward_o its_o origination_n xviii_o fig._n xviii_o be_v thick_a and_o fleshy_a from_o the_o posterior_n part_n of_o its_o spine_n and_o hindmost_a part_n of_o the_o sacrum_n 34_o lateral_o and_o whole_a os_fw-la coccygis_fw-la o_fw-la as_o also_o from_o a_o broad_a ligament_n that_o be_v extend_v between_o the_o two_o last_o name_v bone_n and_o tubercle_n of_o the_o o_o ischium_n 31_o it_o be_v fleshy_a fibres_n descend_v disgregate_o in_o a_o almost_o semicircular_a manner_n become_v tendinous_a as_o they_o approach_v the_o great_a trochanter_n 40_o where_o it_o be_v unite_v with_o its_o first_o describe_v tendinous_a beginning_n descend_v over_o the_o external_n part_n of_o the_o great_a trocanter_n after_o be_v join_v with_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o membranosus_fw-la proceed_v to_o cover_v and_o strict_o embrace_v all_o the_o external_n muscle_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la like_o the_o external_n tendon_n of_o the_o biceps_fw-la those_o of_o the_o cubit_n but_o the_o other_o part_n of_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o fleshy_a body_n of_o this_o muscle_n be_v large_o insert_v to_o the_o n1_fw-la aspera_fw-la 37_o on_o the_o back_n xviii_o fig._n xviii_o part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la near_o four_o finger_n breadth_n below_o the_o great_a trochanter_n the_o first_o describe_v tendinous_a beginning_n of_o this_o muscle_n do_v not_o only_o serve_v to_o support_v its_o fleshy_a body_n but_o its_o fibre_n intersect_v those_o of_o the_o membranosus_fw-la as_o they_o cover_v all_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la do_v more_o adequate_o include_v they_o whereby_o they_o be_v corroborate_v in_o their_o action_n when_o this_o muscle_n act_v it_o pull_v the_o thigh_n direct_o backward_o glutaeus_n medius_n l._n vesal_n m._n t._n 10._o σ._fw-la bid._n t._n 72._o d_o f._n spigel_n t._n 29._o l._n 4._o l_o l._n this_o lie_v chief_o under_o the_o tendinous_a beginning_n of_o the_o former_a muscle_n and_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o almost_o the_o whole_a external_n part_n of_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n 30_o in_o its_o descent_n become_v thick_a and_o fleshy_a and_o be_v insert_v by_o a_o short_a strong_a tendon_n to_o the_o superior_a and_o external_n part_n of_o the_o great_a trochanter_n 40_o in_o a_o semicircular_a manner_n if_o the_o differ_a series_n of_o fibres_n in_o this_o muscle_n be_v right_o consider_v their_o position_n will_v manifest_v they_o be_v not_o so_o useful_a in_o extend_v the_o thigh_n as_o author_n will_v persuade_v we_o but_o rather_o employ_v in_o turn_v it_o inward_o this_o will_v plain_o appear_v if_o in_o the_o time_n of_o dissection_n you_o give_v the_o thigh_n that_o motion_n you_o then_o may_v observe_v the_o forepart_n of_o this_o muscle_n notable_o relaxt_v and_o in_o live_a person_n when_o the_o thigh_n be_v turn_v inward_o you_o may_v see_v it_o tumify_v or_o if_o in_o perform_v that_o action_n with_o your_o own_o thigh_n you_o lay_v your_o thumb_n on_o this_o muscle_n you_o may_v feel_v it_o contract_n or_o move_v under_o the_o skin_n beside_o its_o be_v partly_o useful_a in_o extend_v the_o thigh_n with_o the_o former_a muscle_n it_o be_v also_o employ_v in_o divaricate_a the_o leg_n it_o cooperate_a with_o the_o musculus_fw-la membranosus_fw-la in_o that_o action_n glutaeus_n minor_a g._n vesal_n m._n t._n 11._o z._n spigel_n t._n 30._o l._n 4._o g_o g._n lie_v total_o under_o the_o former_a muscle_n it_o be_v so_o much_o less_o than_o the_o former_a as_o the_o former_a be_v the_o precedent_n it_o arise_v semicircular_a broad_a and_o fleshy_a from_o the_o dorsum_fw-la ilii_fw-la 29_o from_o hence_o its_o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o fleshy_a fibre_n descend_v to_o their_o partly_o tendinous_a and_o partly_o fleshy_a insertion_n like_o the_o former_a at_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o root_n of_o the_o great_a trochanter_n 40_o the_o fibre_n of_o this_o run_a parallel_n with_o those_o of_o the_o former_a
assist_v it_o in_o all_o its_o action_n whatsoever_o author_n have_v say_v concern_v a_o obturator_n femoris_fw-la introrsum_fw-la we_o be_v well_o assure_v that_o there_o be_v no_o other_o muscle_n employ_v in_o that_o action_n but_o the_o forepart_n of_o these_o two_o only_a they_o also_o assist_v in_o render_v the_o articulation_n of_o the_o thigh_n bone_n with_o the_o coxa_fw-la more_o stable_a in_o stand_v erect_a pyriformis_fw-la seu_fw-la iliacus_n externus_fw-la m._n vesal_n m._n t._n 10._o b._n spigel_n t._n 29._o lib._n 4._o m._n it_o receive_v its_o first_o name_n from_o its_o figure_n the_o second_o from_o its_o situation_n its_o beginning_n be_v round_a and_o fleshy_a from_o the_o inferior_a and_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la sacram_fw-la 35_o where_o it_o respect_v the_o pelvis_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la and_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o descend_v oblique_o in_o the_o great_a sinus_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n 35_o above_o the_o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o acute_a process_n of_o the_o ischium_n and_o join_v with_o the_o glutaeus_n medius_n it_o be_v insert_v by_o a_o round_a tendon_n to_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o root_n of_o the_o great_a trochanter_n 39_o this_o move_v xviii_o fig._n xviii_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la somewhat_o upward_o and_o turn_v it_o outward_o marsupialis_fw-la seu_fw-la bursalis_fw-la qq_n spigel_n l._n 4._o t._n 29._o qq_n so_o call_v from_o its_o tendinous_a run_v through_o as_o it_o be_v a_o second_o fleshy_a beginning_n of_o itself_o which_o duplication_n represent_v a_o purse_n it_o be_v also_o call_v obturator_n internus_fw-la from_o its_o situation_n and_o not_o from_o its_o use_n as_o some_o have_v imagine_v it_o arise_v broad_a and_o fleshy_a from_o that_o part_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n ischium_n 31_o pubis_fw-la 33_o and_o ligament_n that_o be_v extend_v in_o the_o great_a foramen_fw-la 36_o of_o the_o two_o last_o name_v bone_n internal_o and_o march_v transvers_o in_o the_o sinus_n of_o the_o ischium_n fence_v on_o each_o side_n by_o two_o process_n the_o one_o acute_a 32_o the_o other_o obtuse_a 31_o where_o it_o be_v external_o fleshy_a but_o internal_o it_o have_v three_o sometime_o four_o tendon_n pass_v in_o so_o many_o distinct_a furrow_n in_o the_o say_v sinus_n like_v so_o many_o cord_n in_o a_o qadruple_a pulley_n where_o it_o meet_v with_o the_o other_o fleshy_a beginning_n common_o call_v its_o marsupium_fw-la arise_v from_o the_o abovementioned_a acute_a and_o obtuse_a process_n which_o join_v with_o the_o say_a tendon_n at_o their_o unite_a insertion_n to_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o root_n of_o the_o great_a trochanter_n near_o the_o implantation_n of_o the_o former_a muscle_n 39_o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o riolan_n make_v two_o muscle_n of_o the_o nineteeen_o anthrop_n â—ib_fw-la v._o â—ap_n 41._o 〈…〉_o anatom_n cap._n nineteeen_o marsupium_fw-la which_o error_n be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o *_o marchette_v who_o think_v the_o marsupium_fw-la a_o contrivance_n of_o nature_n whereby_o the_o motion_n be_v confirm_v and_o the_o subjacent_a tendon_n defend_v from_o too_o great_a a_o pressure_n when_o this_o muscle_n act_v its_o insertion_n be_v direct_v towards_o that_o part_n of_o the_o ischium_n over_o which_o its_o tendon_n run_v after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o pulley_n and_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la be_v thereby_o turn_v outward_o quadratus_n femoris_fw-la letter_v spigel_n t._n 19_o l._n 4._o not_o letter_v so_o call_v from_o its_o figure_n it_o arise_v broad_a and_o fleshy_a from_o the_o apophysis_n of_o the_o o_o ischium_n 31_o and_o pass_v transvers_o with_o a_o equal_a breadth_n and_o thickness_n to_o its_o partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o tendinous_a insertion_n at_o the_o posteriour_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la partly_o below_o the_o great_a trochanter_n this_o assist_v the_o former_a muscle_n in_o turn_v the_o thigh-bone_n outward_o the_o next_o muscle_n belong_v to_o the_o thigh_n which_o appear_v as_o the_o back_n part_n of_o it_o lie_v uppermost_a be_v the_o large_a beginning_n of_o the_o triceps_fw-la which_o contrary_a to_o other_o we_o reckon_v the_o first_o head_n of_o that_o muscle_n triceps_fw-la c._n vesal_n m._n t._n 12._o z._n spigel_n t._n 32._o l._n 4._o aadd_n c._n so_o call_v from_o its_o three_o head_n or_o beginning_n the_o first_o and_o largest_n of_o which_o arise_v broad_a and_o fleshy_a from_o the_o inferior_a edge_n and_o external_n part_n of_o the_o o_o ischium_n and_o pubis_fw-la where_o they_o be_v join_v to_o each_o other_o 33_o lie_v xviii_o fig._n xviii_o between_o the_o semitendinosus_n and_o semimembranosus_n and_o that_o of_o the_o gracilis_n and_o descend_v with_o a_o oblique_a order_n of_o fleshy_a fibres_n be_v insert_v partly_o tendinous_a and_o fleshy_a near_o a_o hand_n length_n in_o breadth_n to_o the_o n1_fw-la aspera_fw-la of_o the_o thigh-bone_n 37_o that_o be_v immediate_o below_o the_o insertion_n of_o the_o former_a muscle_n it_o be_v inferior_a part_n make_v a_o strong_a round_a tendon_n insert_v into_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o internal_a and_o low_a appendix_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n 47_o the_o second_o head_n xvii_o fig._n xvii_o or_o beginning_n of_o this_o muscle_n arise_v tendinous_a from_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la 38_o but_o in_o its_o descent_n soon_o become_v fleshy_a and_o join_v with_o the_o former_a near_o to_o its_o insertion_n to_o the_o middle_a part_n of_o the_o n1_fw-la aspera_fw-la of_o the_o thigh-bone_n 37_o the_o three_o and_o last_o beginning_n xviii_o fig._n xviii_o of_o this_o muscle_n spring_v from_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la between_o the_o origination_n of_o its_o last_o describe_v head_n and_o that_o of_o the_o pectineus_n and_o descend_v oblique_o join_v with_o the_o first_o near_o its_o insertion_n to_o the_o n1_fw-la aspera_fw-la of_o the_o thigh_n bone_n immediate_o above_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o second_o head_n of_o this_o muscle_n this_o move_v the_o thigh_n various_o according_a to_o the_o diversity_n of_o its_o beginning_n so_o the_o first_o describe_v part_n of_o it_o pull_v the_o thigh-bone_n upward_o inward_o and_o somewhat_o backward_o the_o second_o and_o three_o beginning_n of_o it_o pull_v it_o more_o inward_o and_o turn_v it_o somewhat_o outward_o as_o when_o we_o put_v our_o leg_n across_o each_o other_o obturator_n externus_fw-la h._n spigel_n t._n 32._o l._n 4._o h._n so_o call_v from_o its_o situation_n and_o rotator_fw-la femoris_fw-la extrorsum_fw-la from_o its_o use_n it_o have_v a_o large_a fleshy_a beginning_n from_o the_o external_n part_n of_o the_o o_o ischium_n 39_o and_o pubis_fw-la 38_o and_o membrane_n xvii_o fig._n xvii_o that_o cover_v their_o foramen_fw-la 41_o external_o opposite_a to_o the_o origination_n of_o the_o marsupialis_n or_o obturator_n internus_fw-la already_o describe_v and_o pass_v transvers_o backward_o lessen_v itself_o and_o become_v tendinous_a at_o its_o insertion_n to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o great_a trochanter_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n 39_o near_o the_o termination_n xviii_o fig._n xviii_o of_o the_o last_o name_v muscle_n this_o turn_v the_o thigh_n outward_o chap._n xxxiii_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o leg._n xxxii_o leg._n de_fw-fr mus._n c._n xxxii_o galen_n liii_o galen_n lib._n two_o cap._n liii_o vesalius_n xxix_o vesalius_n lib._n v._o c._n xxix_o columbus_n and_o xxxii_o and_o lib._n four_o c._n xxxii_o spigelius_n describe_v ten_o muscle_n which_o move_v the_o tibia_fw-la namely_o membranosus_fw-la sartorius_n gracilis_n seminervosus_n semimembranosus_n biceps_fw-la rectus_n vastus_fw-la externus_fw-la vastus_fw-la internus_fw-la and_o popliteus_n to_o these_o jacobus_n silvius_n xxix_o isagog_n anatom_n lib._n v._o c._n xxix_o laurentius_n and_o latter_a author_n add_v another_o muscle_n lie_v between_o the_o two_o vasti_fw-la and_o call_v it_o crureus_n of_o these_o we_o reckon_v the_o first_o seven_o as_o common_a both_o to_o the_o thigh_n and_o leg_n they_o arise_v either_o from_o the_o os_fw-la ilium_n pubis_fw-la or_o ischium_n and_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o tibia_fw-la or_o fibula_fw-la in_o move_a of_o which_o they_o move_v the_o thigh_n also_o the_o other_o be_v proper_a arise_v from_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la only_a and_o insert_v to_o the_o tibia_fw-la membranosus_fw-la rrss_n vesal_n m._n t._n 4._o 3._o spigel_n t._n 34._o l._n 4._o rrss_n so_o call_v from_o the_o large_a membranous_a expansion_n it_o be_v continuous_a with_o enclose_v all_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la and_o tarsus_n whence_o it_o be_v also_o call_v fascia_fw-la lata_fw-la it_o have_v a_o acute_a fleshy_a beginning_n from_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n 37_o between_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o the_o origination_n of_o the_o sartorius_n and_o tendinous_a beginning_n of_o the_o glutaeus_n magnus_n and_o be_v dilate_v to_o a_o fleshy_a belly_n which_o fill_v the_o interstice_n make_v by_o the_o first_o of_o the_o two_o last_v name_v muscle_n and_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o rectus_n and_o forepart_n of_o the_o glutaeus_n medius_n
in_o its_o oblique_a descent_n become_v tendinous_a four_o finger_n breadth_n below_o the_o great_a trochanter_n 45_o whence_o it_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o pass_v direct_o over_o the_o vastus_fw-la externus_fw-la to_o its_o proper_a termination_n at_o the_o superior_a appendix_n of_o the_o fibula_fw-la 53_o but_o in_o its_o progress_n thither_o it_o be_v conjoin_v with_o the_o tendinous_a expansion_n of_o the_o glutaeus_n magnus_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o ileum_n 30_o cover_v xviii_o fig._n xviii_o the_o external_n part_n of_o the_o glutaeus_n medius_n and_o all_o the_o external_n muscle_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o the_o thigh-bone_n and_o descend_v over_o the_o patella_n comprehend_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o tarsus_n and_o join_v with_o the_o ligamentum_fw-la annulare_fw-la which_o retain_v the_o tendon_n of_o the_o toe_n and_o foot_n unless_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v that_o the_o say_v fascialata_n shall_v end_v at_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n or_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la and_o fibula_fw-la and_o that_o the_o last_o name_v bone_n shall_v give_v a_o origination_n to_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o say_v fascia_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o matter_n more_o of_o controversy_n than_o use._n when_o this_o muscle_n act_v the_o leg_n and_o thigh_n be_v draw_v outward_o its_o tendon_n be_v join_v with_o part_n of_o the_o glutaeus_n maximus_n and_o have_v a_o different_a series_n of_o fibres_n intersect_v each_o other_o do_v thereby_o compose_v a_o strong_a involucrum_fw-la as_o well_o include_v all_o the_o common_a muscle_n of_o the_o leg_n as_o cover_v the_o proper_a whereby_o they_o corroborate_v they_o in_o their_o action_n as_o the_o tendinous_a expansion_n of_o the_o biceps_fw-la cubiti_fw-la do_v those_o of_o the_o carpus_n and_o finger_n sartorius_n aa_n vesal_n m._n t._n i._n o._n spigel_n t._n 34._o l._n 4._o aa_n it_o receive_v this_o denomination_n from_o the_o use_v tailor_n make_v of_o it_o in_o bring_v one_o leg_n and_o thigh_n over_o the_o other_o to_o sit_v cross_a leg'd_n it_o be_v also_o call_v longissimus_fw-la femoris_fw-la it_o exceed_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o that_o part_n in_o length_n and_o fascialis_n from_o its_o pass_v over_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thigh_n and_o leg_n like_o a_o swath_n it_o arise_v sharp_a and_o fleshy_a from_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n 37_o close_o by_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o the_o former_a muscle_n and_o descend_v oblique_o inward_o above_o the_o musculus_fw-la rectus_n and_o vastus_fw-la internus_fw-la and_o over_o part_n of_o the_o triceps_fw-la of_o a_o equal_a breadth_n and_o thickness_n meet_v with_o the_o gracilis_n below_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o thigh_n internal_o and_o descend_v with_o it_o become_v tendinous_a in_o its_o passage_n over_o the_o internal_a and_o inferior_a head_n of_o the_o thigh_n bone_n under_o a_o strict_a enclosure_n of_o the_o above_o describe_v fascia_fw-la lata_fw-la and_o be_v insert_v four_o finger_n breadth_n below_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la internal_o 44_o it_o be_v use_n be_v declare_v xviii_o fig._n xviii_o above_o gracilis_n f._n vesal_n m._n t._n i._n p._n spigel_n t._n 34._o l._n 4._o f._n f._n so_o call_v from_o be_v the_o most_o slender_a of_o these_o muscle_n it_o arise_v somewhat_o broad_a partly_o tendinous_a and_o partly_o fleshy_a from_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la 38_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o internal_o between_o the_o first_o and_o second_o describe_v head_n of_o the_o triceps_fw-la and_o in_o its_o straight_a descent_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o thigh_n grow_v narrow_a and_o become_v tendinous_a a_o little_a above_o the_o former_a muscle_n and_o be_v so_o insert_v immediate_o beneath_o it_o to_o the_o tibia_fw-la 44._o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o it_o assi_v the_o former_a and_o follow_v muscle_n in_o bend_v the_o thigh_n and_o leg_n inward_o seminervosus_fw-la seu_fw-la semitendinosus_n l._n vesal_n m._n t._n 9_o tt_z spigel_n t._n 33._o l._n 4._o l._n which_o be_v so_o call_v from_o its_o be_v half_o tendinous_a and_o nerve-like_a it_o arise_v partly_o tendinous_a and_o partly_o fleshy_a from_o the_o external_n part_n of_o the_o protuberance_n of_o the_o o_o ischium_n 31_o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o and_o present_o be_v dilate_v to_o a_o large_a fleshy_a belly_n become_v a_o round_a tendon_n in_o half_a its_o progress_n which_o descend_v over_o the_o fleshy_a belly_n of_o the_o follow_v muscle_n march_v close_o by_o the_o gasterocnemius_n on_o the_o posterior_n part_n of_o the_o superior_a appendix_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o pass_v forward_o to_o its_o insertion_n in_o the_o say_a bone_n immediate_o below_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o former_a muscle_n 44._o this_o with_o the_o former_a muscle_n act_v bend_v the_o tibia_fw-la direct_o backward_o it_o be_v tendon_n together_o with_o the_o two_o former_a and_o follow_a muscle_n make_v the_o inward_a hamstring_n as_o they_o be_v common_o call_v semimembranosus_n k._n vesal_n m._n t._n 9_o u._fw-mi u._fw-mi spigel_n t._n 33._o l._n 4._o k._n so_o call_v from_o its_o be_v half_o tendinous_a and_o membrane-like_a lie_v immediate_o under_o the_o former_a muscle_n it_o arise_v broad_a and_o tendinous_a from_o the_o protuberance_n of_o the_o o_o ischium_n and_o in_o its_o descent_n become_v broad_a and_o in_o less_o than_o half_a its_o progress_n begin_v to_o grow_v fleshy_a where_o the_o belly_n of_o the_o former_a muscle_n lessen_v itself_o and_o be_v dilate_v into_o a_o large_a and_o fleshy_a belly_n lie_v under_o the_o long_a round_a tendon_n of_o the_o former_a become_v a_o short_a thick_a tendon_n insert_v to_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o upper_a appendix_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la backward_o n._n b._n that_o the_o fleshy_a belly_n of_o the_o former_a muscle_n be_v above_o and_o that_o of_o this_o be_v below_o and_o their_o tendon_n on_o the_o contrary_n biceps_fw-la x._o vesal_n m._n t._n 9_o s._n t._n 10._o ψ._n spigel_n t._n 33._o lib._n 4._o m._n v._o t._n x._o or_o biceps_fw-la femoris_fw-la to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o that_o of_o the_o cubit_n it_o have_v two_o head_n the_o superior_a and_o long_a of_o which_o arise_v with_o a_o round_a tendon_n from_o the_o same_o protuberance_n of_o the_o ischium_n as_o the_o two_o former_a in_o its_o descent_n become_v large_a and_o fleshy_a and_o in_o above_o half_a its_o progress_n lessen_v itself_o again_o where_o it_o be_v join_v with_o its_o other_o head_n have_v a_o broad_a partly_o tendinous_a and_o partly_o fleshy_a beginning_n from_o the_o n1_fw-la aspera_fw-la of_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la 37_o immediate_o below_o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o glutaeus_n maximus_n it_o be_v thus_o unite_v grow_v tendinous_a as_o it_o march_v in_o a_o channel_n on_o the_o external_n appendix_n of_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la become_v perfect_o tendinous_a at_o its_o implantation_n to_o the_o superior_a epiphysis_n of_o the_o fibula_fw-la 47._o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o beside_o the_o office_n common_o assign_v to_o this_o muscle_n in_o bend_v the_o tibia_fw-la together_o with_o the_o two_o former_a it_o be_v likewise_o employ_v in_o turn_v the_o leg_n together_o with_o the_o foot_n and_o toe_n outward_o when_o we_o sit_v with_o the_o knee_n bend_v popliteus_n â—_o vesal_n m._n t._n 14._o â—_o by_o some_o call_v subpopliteus_n it_o arise_v with_o a_o short_a strong_a tendon_n from_o the_o external_n head_n of_o the_o inferior_a appendix_n of_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la 42_o from_o whence_o descend_v oblique_o over_o the_o juncture_n become_v fleshy_a and_o expand_v itself_o be_v so_o insert_v to_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la internal_o immediate_o below_o its_o superior_a appendix_n 44_o this_o do_v not_o only_o assist_v the_o three_o former_a muscle_n in_o bend_v the_o tibia_fw-la but_o antagonize_v the_o precedent_n by_o turn_v the_o foot_n and_o toe_n outward_o in_o that_o position_n of_o the_o leg_n as_o before_o note_a rectus_n femoris_fw-la i_fw-mi vesal_n m._n t._n i._n s._n spigel_n t._n 34._o l._n 4._o a_o a_o id_fw-la t._n 35._o aa_n i_fw-mi be_v name_v from_o its_o straight_a progress_n and_o situation_n it_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o a_o tubercle_fw-la of_o os_fw-la ilium_n that_o be_v in_o the_o midway_n between_o the_o forepart_n of_o its_o spine_n and_o the_o acetabulum_n †_o from_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o thence_o descend_v direct_o between_o the_o two_o follow_a muscle_n and_o over_o the_o crureus_n its_o fibre_n external_o descend_v from_o a_o middle_a line_n oblique_o lateral_o internal_o they_o run_v according_a to_o its_o length_n and_o become_v entire_o tendinous_a four_o finger_n breadth_n above_o the_o patella_n where_o it_o be_v unite_v with_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o three_o follow_a muscle_n and_o insert_v together_o with_o they_o at_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la 50._o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o
clavicula_fw-la 15_o the_o spina_n scapulae_fw-la 16_o the_o processus_n coracoide_v scapulae_fw-la 17_o the_o short_a process_n of_o the_o scapula_n 18_o 19_o 20_o 21_o 22_o 23_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la or_o shoulder_n bone_n 18_o that_o part_n of_o it_o where_o the_o deltoide_n muscle_n be_v insert_v 19_o its_o head_n that_o be_v articulate_v with_o the_o shoulderblade_n 20_o the_o asperity_n where_o the_o musculus_fw-la subscapularis_fw-la be_v insert_v 21_o a_o sinus_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o shoulder-bone_n that_o receive_v the_o external_n tendinous_a head_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la biceps_fw-la 22_o the_o internal_a protuberance_n of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la whence_o the_o two_o flect_z muscle_n of_o the_o carpus_n pronator_n radii_fw-la teres_n palmaris_n and_o musculus_fw-la perforatus_fw-la of_o the_o finger_n do_v arise_v 23_o the_o external_n protuberance_n of_o the_o last_o name_v bone_n whence_o the_o muscle_n extend_v the_o carpus_n and_o finger_n do_v arise_v 24_o 25_o the_o radius_fw-la 25_o it_o be_v prominence_z to_o which_o the_o large_a tendon_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la biceps_fw-la be_v insert_v 26_o the_o ulna_fw-la 27_o the_o eight_o bone_n of_o the_o carpus_n 28_o the_o four_o bone_n of_o the_o metacarpus_fw-la 29_o the_o three_o bone_n of_o the_o thumb_n with_o their_o ossicula_fw-la sesamoidea_n 30_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o finger_n compose_v of_o twelve_o bone_n of_o which_o three_o belong_v to_o each_o finger_n 31_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la pectoris_fw-la or_o sternum_fw-la 32_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la pectoris_fw-la or_o cartilago_n ensiformis_fw-la which_o be_v some_o time_n bifid_v as_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o subject_a from_o whence_o this_o figure_n be_v draw_v 33_o 33_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_n or_o thorax_n 34_o 34_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n i_o k_o l_o m_o n_z o_o p_o q_o r_o s_o t_o u_z the_o twelve_o rib_n w_o x_o y_fw-mi z_o †_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n 35_o the_o os_fw-mi sacrum_n 36_o 37_o 38_o 39_o the_o os_fw-la innominatum_fw-la though_o by_o some_o call_v coxendix_fw-la 36_o 37_o that_o part_n of_o it_o call_v ilium_n 36_o its_o internal_a concave_a part_n and_o 37_o its_o spine_n 38_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la or_o pectinis_fw-la 39_o the_o os_fw-mi ischium_n where_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o last_o name_v bone_n 40_o 40_o show_v the_o great_a sinuss_n of_o the_o ossa_fw-la ilii_fw-la and_o circumscription_n of_o the_o pelvis_n abdominis_fw-la 41_o the_o foramen_fw-la of_o the_o o_o ischium_n and_o pubis_fw-la 42_o 43_o 44_o 45_o 46_o 47_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la or_o thigh-bone_n 43_o its_o head_n which_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o acetabulum_n or_o cotyle_n of_o the_o os_fw-la innominatum_fw-la 44_o neck_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n 45_o the_o great_a trocanter_n 46_o the_o lesser_a trocanter_n where_o the_o musculus_fw-la psoas_n and_o iliacus_n internus_fw-la be_v insert_v 47_o the_o low_a and_o internal_a head_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n to_o which_o the_o strong_a tendon_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la triceps_fw-la be_v implant_v 48_o the_o mola_n or_o patella_n by_o some_o call_v rotula_n 49_o 50_o 51_o the_o tibia_fw-la 50_o a_o prominence_z on_o its_o upper_a part_n where_o the_o tendon_n of_o all_o the_o extend_v muscle_n of_o the_o leg_n be_v insert_v 51_o the_o malleolus_n internus_fw-la 52_o 53_o 54_o the_o fibula_fw-la 53_o 54_o it_o be_v superior_a and_o inferior_a appendix_n 55_o the_o os_fw-mi astragali_a 56_o the_o os_fw-mi cymbiforme_a 57_o the_o os_fw-mi cuneiforme_a majus_fw-la seu_fw-la internum_n 58_o the_o os_fw-mi cuneiforme_a medium_n 59_o the_o os_fw-mi cuneiforme_a externum_fw-la 60_o the_o os_fw-mi cubiforme_a 61_o part_v of_o the_o os_fw-la calcis_fw-la in_o situ_fw-la 62_o the_o five_o bone_n of_o the_o metatarsus_n 63_o the_o two_o bone_n of_o the_o great_a toe_n 64_o the_o twelve_o bone_n of_o the_o lesser_a toe_n of_o which_o three_o compose_v each_o toe_n ****_o etc._n etc._n the_o appendix_n of_o the_o spina_n scapulae_fw-la os_fw-la humeri_fw-la radius_fw-la ulna_fw-la os_fw-la femoris_fw-la and_o tibia_fw-la fig_n xviii_o represent_v the_o back_n and_o side_n of_o the_o sceleton_n 1_o the_o os_fw-la sincipitis_fw-la 2_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la 3_o the_o processus_n mammiformis_fw-la 4_o the_o os_fw-la squammosum_fw-la 5_o part_v of_o the_o os_fw-mi sphenoide_v 6_o the_o o_o jugale_n 7_o the_o first_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n 8_o part_v of_o the_o four_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n 9_o 10_o the_o low_a jawbone_n 10_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o it_o where_o the_o musculi_fw-la geniohyoidei_fw-la and_o genioglossi_n do_v arise_v 11_o part_v of_o the_o clavicula_fw-la 12_o 13_o 14_o 15_o 16_o the_o scapula_n or_o shoulderblade_n 13_o 13_o its_o basis_n from_o 13_o to_o 14_o it_o be_v costa_n inferior_a 14_o it_o be_v processus_n brevis_fw-la 15_o part_v of_o the_o processus_n coracoide_v on_o the_o left_a side_n in_o situ_fw-la 16_o spina_n scapulae_fw-la 17_o 18_o 19_o 20_o 21_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la 17_o that_o part_n of_o it_o where_o the_o musculus_fw-la brachiaeus_n externus_fw-la begin_v to_o arise_v 18_o its_o head_n 19_o the_o asperity_n of_o the_o humerus_fw-la where_o the_o musculi_fw-la supraspinatus_n infraspinatus_n and_o teres_n minor_n be_v insert_v 20_o the_o external_n protuberance_n 21_o the_o internal_a protuberance_n of_o this_o bone_n 22_o the_o radius_fw-la 23_o 24_o the_o ulna_fw-la 24_o it_o be_v superior_a part_n call_v the_o olecranum_n or_o the_o elbow_n 25_o the_o eight_o bone_n of_o the_o carpus_n 26_o the_o four_o bone_n of_o the_o metacarpus_fw-la 27_o the_o three_o bone_n of_o the_o thumb_n 28_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o finger_n †_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n want_v a_o spinal_a process_n a_o b_o c_o d_o e_o f_o the_o spinal_a process_n of_o the_o other_o six_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n of_o which_o the_o five_o superior_a be_v double_a between_o who_o be_v place_v the_o musculi_fw-la interspinales_fw-la colli_n n_z n_z n_z n_z the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n h_o i_o k_o l_o m_o n_z o_o p_o q_o r_o s_o t_o the_o twelve_o rib_n o_o o_o o_o etc._n etc._n the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n ppp_n etc._n etc._n their_o spines_n rrr_n etc._n etc._n the_o spines_n of_o the_o five_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n sss_n etc._n etc._n the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o say_a vertebra_n u._fw-mi w_z x_o y_fw-mi z_o the_o body_n of_o those_o vertebra_n 29_o the_o back_n part_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n by_o some_o call_v dorsum_fw-la ilii_fw-la 30_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o ilium_n 31_o the_o protuberance_n of_o the_o o_o ischium_n whence_o the_o muscle_n bend_v the_o leg_n do_v arise_v namely_o the_o seminervosus_n semimembranosus_n and_o one_o of_o the_o head_n of_o the_o biceps_fw-la and_o the_o quadratus_n femoris_fw-la 32_o a_o acute_a process_n of_o the_o o_o ischium_n between_o which_o and_o the_o last_o mention_v protuberance_n 31_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la marsupialis_fw-la pass_v as_o on_o a_o poultry_n 33_o part_v of_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la 34_o the_o os_fw-mi sacrum_n 0_o the_o os_fw-la coccygis_fw-la 35_o the_o large_a sinus_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n wherein_o the_o musculus_fw-la pyriformis_fw-la pass_v to_o its_o termination_n 36_o the_o great_a foramen_fw-la of_o the_o o_o ischium_n 37_o 38_o 39_o 40_o 41_o 42_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la 37_o the_o n1_fw-la aspera_fw-la 38_o its_o head_n that_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o acetabulum_n of_o the_o coxendix_fw-la 39_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n 40_o the_o trocant_a major_n to_o which_o divers_a muscle_n be_v insert_v 41_o the_o lesser_a trocanter_n 42_o 42_o the_o two_o inferior_a protuberance_n of_o the_o low_a appendix_n of_o this_o bone_n 43_o part_v of_o the_o patella_n in_o situ_fw-la 44_o 45_o the_o tibiae_fw-la 44_o that_o part_n of_o the_o left_a where_o the_o musculus_fw-la sartorius_n gracilis_n and_o seminervosus_n be_v insert_v 46_o 47_o 48_o the_o fibula_fw-la 47_o 48_o it_o be_v superior_a and_o inferior_a appendix_n 49_o the_o os_fw-la calcis_fw-la 50_o the_o os_fw-mi astragali_a 51_o the_o os_fw-mi cuboide_v 52_o the_o three_o ossa_n cuneiformia_fw-la 53_o the_o os_fw-mi cuneiforme_a majus_fw-la 54_o the_o os_fw-mi cymbiforme_a 55_o the_o ossa_n metatarsi_n 56_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o toe_n ***_o etc._n etc._n the_o appendix_n of_o the_o spina_n scapulae_fw-la os_fw-la humeri_fw-la radius_fw-la ulna_fw-la ossa_fw-la metacarpi_n os_fw-mi ilium_n femoris_fw-la and_o tibia_fw-la index_n musculorum_fw-la a._n abductor_n auris_fw-la vid._n retrahens_fw-la auriculam_fw-la abductor_n indicis_fw-la pag._n 163_o abductor_n minimi_fw-la digiti_fw-la manus_fw-la pag._n 164_o abductor_n minimi_fw-la digiti_fw-la pedis_fw-la pag._n 222_o abductor_n occuli_fw-la pag._n 53_o abductor_n pollicis_fw-la manus_fw-la pag._n 167_o abductor_n
these_o draw_v the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n direct_o backward_o either_o of_o these_o muscle_n be_v raise_v the_o follow_v will_v appear_v underneath_o transversalis_fw-la colli_n this_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o all_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n except_o the_o first_o and_o second_o and_o be_v insert_v after_o a_o oblique_a ascend_v progress_n to_o their_o superior_a spines_n k_o it_o be_v a_o continuation_n of_o the_o same_o series_n of_o muscular_a fibre_n that_o compose_v the_o sacer_n and_o semispinatus_a of_o which_o hereafter_o if_o either_o of_o these_o muscle_n act_v the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v move_v oblique_o backward_a as_o when_o we_o look_v over_o one_o shoulder_n beside_o these_o muscle_n which_o be_v already_o treat_v of_o by_o anatomist_n we_o observe_v in_o dissection_n some_o fleshy_a body_n lie_v between_o the_o bifurcated_a spines_n of_o each_o vertebra_n which_o upon_o examination_n prove_v to_o be_v so_o many_o pair_n of_o muscle_n as_o there_o be_v insterstice_n between_o the_o say_a spines_n and_o in_o those_o body_n that_o have_v the_o spinal_a process_n of_o the_o last_o vertebra_n somewhat_o broad_a than_o it_o be_v common_o find_v we_o have_v see_v five_o pair_n of_o these_o muscle_n which_o from_o their_o situation_n we_o call_v interspinales_fw-la colli_n interspinales_fw-la colli_n these_o be_v small_a fleshy_a muscle_n arise_v from_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o each_o double_a spinal_a process_n of_o the_o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o neck_n b_o c_o d_o e_o f_o except_o that_o of_o the_o second_o vertebra_n a_o and_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o all_o the_o say_v double_a spines_n ll._n viij_o fig._n viij_o when_o these_o muscle_n act_n they_o draw_v the_o spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n near_o each_o other_o these_o we_o first_o discover_v in_o the_o year_n 1690._o chap._n xxiv_o of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o back_n and_o loin_n we_o shall_v not_o insert_v the_o various_a opinion_n author_n have_v entertain_v concern_v these_o muscle_n since_o we_o have_v observe_v so_o great_a a_o difference_n in_o divers_a subject_n as_o have_v incline_v we_o to_o think_v that_o among_o ten_o of_o they_o three_o will_v scarce_o be_v find_v exact_o alike_o in_o this_o respect_n which_o may_v induce_v falloppius_n to_o that_o ingenious_a anatom_n obseru._n anatom_n confession_n that_o they_o seem_v to_o he_o to_o be_v a_o indigested_a heap_n and_o confuse_a chaos_n in_o order_n to_o render_v a_o account_n of_o they_o as_o explicit_a as_o we_o can_v we_o shall_v consider_v they_o as_o common_a to_o the_o back_n and_o loin_n or_o as_o proper_a to_o either_o the_o common_a be_v such_o as_o arise_v from_o the_o one_o and_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o other_o as_o the_o dorsi_fw-la longissimi_fw-la the_o proper_a be_v either_o such_o as_o arise_v from_o the_o os_fw-la sacrum_n or_o ilium_n and_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n only_o as_o the_o quadrati_fw-la lumborum_fw-la or_o arise_v from_o the_o transverse_a process_n either_o of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n or_o thorax_n and_o be_v insert_v to_o their_o superior_a spines_n as_o the_o transversales_n vertebrarum_fw-la dorsi_fw-la &_o lumborum_fw-la which_o by_o author_n be_v common_o call_v sacer_n and_o semispinalis_fw-la first_o of_o the_o common_a muscle_n dorsi_fw-la longissimus_fw-la t._n vesal_n m._n t._n 12._o n._n t._n 13._o t._n this_o arise_v in_o common_a with_o the_o sacrolumbalis_n from_o the_o spine_n of_o os_fw-la ilium_n xviii_o fig._n xviii_o 30_o and_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o sacrum_n 34_o and_o all_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n rr_z external_o tendinous_a internal_o fleshy_a in_o its_o ascent_n it_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n s_n s_o s_o s_o and_o as_o it_o march_v over_o the_o last_o rib_n to_o this_o great_a muscle_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o the_o outermost_a of_o which_o be_v the_o sacrolumbalis_n as_o describe_v chap_n the_o xxi_o but_o the_o innermost_a next_o to_o the_o spine_n be_v the_o longissimus_fw-la dorsi_fw-la which_o ascend_v with_o a_o partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o tendinous_a outside_n and_o fibres_n pass_v somewhat_o oblique_o outward_a part_v of_o which_o tendinous_a fibre_n arise_v distinct_a from_o the_o inferior_a spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n pp_n and_o superior_a xviii_o fi._n xviii_o of_o the_o loin_n r_z r_z from_o which_o likewise_o arise_v some_o fleshy_a fibre_n ascend_v oblique_o inward_o and_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o five_o sixth_z and_o seven_o spine_n of_o the_o thorax_n pp_n as_o express_v by_o bidloo_n and_o call_v semispinalis_fw-la p._n tab._n 28._o p._n the_o other_o large_a part_n of_o this_o muscle_n ascend_v on_o the_o thorax_n kk_n tab._n 29._o kk_n divide_v itself_o into_o many_o distinct_a fleshy_a portion_n not_o much_o unlike_o a_o palm_n branch_n which_o be_v insert_v in_o a_o twofold_a manner_n to_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o each_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n o_o o_o o_o and_o tubercle_fw-la of_o each_o rib_n as_o also_o to_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n n_o n._n when_o this_o and_o its_o partner_n act_n they_o be_v not_o only_o serviceable_a in_o keep_v the_o trunk_n of_o the_o body_n erect_v and_o bend_v it_o backward_o but_o they_o be_v also_o useful_a in_o progression_n as_o it_o may_v be_v observe_v when_o either_o leg_n be_v move_v foreward_n this_o muscle_n on_o the_o same_o side_n be_v in_o action_n which_o to_o we_o seem_v to_o be_v advantageous_a in_o render_v the_o os_fw-mi ilium_n at_o that_o time_n stable_n so_o that_o the_o thigh_n may_v be_v the_o more_o commodious_o elevate_v in_o regard_v it_o be_v so_o move_v by_o a_o muscle_n arise_v from_o the_o vertebra_n above_o the_o o_o ilium_n namely_o the_o psoas_n to_o examen_fw-la this_o muscle_n it_o be_v better_a to_o use_v the_o finger_n or_o the_o point_a handle_n of_o a_o dissect_n knife_n to_o divide_v it_o from_o its_o companion_n the_o sacrolumbalis_n and_o discover_v its_o ansulae_fw-la as_o spigelius_n call_v those_o part_n of_o it_o which_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_n and_o loin_n this_o be_v remove_v the_o proper_a muscle_n offer_v themselves_o to_o view_v first_o of_o those_o of_o the_o loin_n quadratus_n lumborum_fw-la p._n vesal_n m._n t._n 13._o 8._o 14._o p._n this_o be_v a_o short_a thick_a fleshy_a muscle_n situate_v in_o the_o region_n of_o the_o loin_n or_o between_o the_o last_o rib_n and_o spine_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n it_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o the_o posteriour_a part_n of_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n 30_o and_o be_v insert_v xviii_o fi._n xviii_o to_o all_o the_o tranverse_v process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n internal_o u_o which_o x_o under_o the_o psoas_n muscle_n this_o like_v the_o musculus_fw-la rectus_n abdominis_fw-la either_o move_v the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n near_o than_o os_fw-mi ilium_n lateral_o when_o we_o be_v stand_v on_o both_o leg_n firm_a or_o else_o move_v the_o o_o ilium_n near_a the_o say_v vertebra_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n when_o we_o stand_v upon_o one_o leg_n only_o sacer._n t._n vesal_n m._n t._n 14._o t._n this_o may_v be_v also_o call_v transversalis_fw-la lumborum_fw-la it_o lie_v under_o the_o tendinous_a part_n of_o the_o longissimus_fw-la above_o mention_v it_o arise_v fleshy_a not_o only_o from_o xviii_o fi._n xviii_o the_o os_fw-la sacrum_n 34_o but_o also_o from_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o all_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n and_o be_v insert_v to_o their_o superior_a spines_n we_o have_v sometime_o observe_v a_o spinalis_fw-la lumborum_fw-la like_o the_o spinalis_fw-la colli_n above_o describe_v which_o arise_v from_o the_o superior_a spines_n of_o the_o o_o sacrum_n and_o march_v with_o direct_a fleshy_a fibres_n isso_fw-la insert_v to_o superior_a spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n the_o transversalis_fw-la lumborum_fw-la now_o describe_v lie_v under_o it_o semispinatus_fw-la k._n idem_fw-la t._n 13._o k._n this_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o mere_a continuation_n of_o the_o precedent_a muscle_n therefore_o may_v not_o improper_o deserve_v the_o name_n of_o transversalis_fw-la dorsi_fw-la it_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o all_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n oh_o and_o march_v oblique_o xviii_o fi._n xviii_o upward_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o superior_a spines_n of_o the_o say_a vertebra_n pp_n these_o with_o the_o former_a and_o transversales_n colli_n act_v move_v the_o whole_a spine_n or_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n back_o and_o loin_n oblique_o backward_o as_o when_o we_o endeavour_v to_o look_v very_o much_o behind_o we_o if_o they_o all_o act_n together_o on_o each_o side_n they_o assist_v in_o