20 files and twenty men in a file This makes two squares or very near for though there be as many men on one side as the other yet towards the head they joyn together so as one flank may touch the other but on the other side their distance is at least two yards one from the other so that the square is longer from the Rear to the Front than from one flank to another And because we are to speak often of the fore part the hinder part and the sides of this Battalia or Company and of the whole Army when joyned you must know that when I say the head or the front I mean the fore part of the Battel when I say the shoulders I mean the hinder part and when I say the flanks I mean the sides The fifty Velites in ordinary do not mingle with the rest of the files but when the Battalia is formed they are disposed by its flanks The other way of drawing up a Company is this and because it is better than the first I resolve to describe it so plain that you shall understand it as well as it were before your eyes I suppose you remember of what number of men of what Officers it is composed and what Arms it is to carry The form therefore of this Battalia is of twenty files twenty men in a file five files of Pikes in the front and fifteen files of Bucklers in the rear Two Centurions in the front and two in the rear which the ancients called Tergiductores The Constable or Captain with his Colours and Drum is to stand in the space betwixt the five files of Pikes and the fifteen files of Bucklers Corporals upon the flank of every file one so that each of them may have his men by his side those who are on the right hand will have them on their left those on the left on their right the fifty Velites are to be drawn up on the flanks and rear Now that your Soldiers may put themselves into this posture in their ordinary march it is to be done in this manner You are first to reduce your Battalia into 80 files five men in a file leaving your Velites either in the front or the rear but they must be sure to be placed without this order Every Centurion is to be at the head of twenty files five of Pikes are to be immediately behind him and the rest Bucklers The Constable or Captain is to stand with his Drum and Colours in the space betwixt the Pikes and the rest of the Bucklers belonging to the second Centurion and may take up the place of three of the Bucklers Of the Capidieci or Corporals twenty are to stand in the flank of the files of the first Centurion upon the left hand and twenty upon the flank of the last Centurion upon the right hand And it is to be observed that every Corporal who leads the Pikes is to have a Pike in his hand and they who lead the Scudi are to have Bucklers in theirs Having put your files into this order and being desirous upon their march to reduce them into a Battalia to make head against an Enemy you must cause the first Centurion with his first twenty files to make a halt and the second Centurion to continue his march to the right all along by the sides of those twenty files which stand firm till he comes cheek by jole with the first Centurion where he also makes his stand and then the third marching on likewise on the right hand by the flank of the said files advances till he be even with the other two Centurions and then he making his stop and so the rest which being done two of the Centurions only are to depart from the front into the rear of the Battalia which by this means is in the same order as I said before The Velites are to be drawn up by the side as they are disposed in the first way which is called redoubling by a right line for the second way redoubles them in the flanks The first way is more easie this is more orderly and useful and may be better corrected and reformed to your mind for in the first you are obliged to conform to your number for five doubled make ten ten twenty twenty forty so that if you would double your files in a right line you cannot make a front of fifteen five and twenty thirty nor thirty five but you must go where the number will carry you And therefore it happens every day upon particular rencounters that it is necessary to make head with 7 or 800 foot and in so doing to double in a right line would undo you For these reasons this way pleases me best and the difficulties therein are easily removed by exercise and practice I say then that nothing is of greater importance than to have Souldiers which can put themselves instantly into their ranks and to learn that it is necessary to exercise them in these Companies at home to teach them the quick and the slow march to advance or retreat and to pass thorow streights and difficult places without disturbing their order For Soldiers that can do that well are good Soldiers and may be called old Soldiers though they never looked an Enemy in the face whereas on the contrary if a man has been in a thousand Battels and understands not that he is but a Novice and a fresh-water Soldier This is only as to closing their ranks upon a march when they are in small files but having closed their files and being afterwards broken by some accident either from the place or the Enemy to rally and recollect themselves then there lies the difficulty and importance which requires great exercise and practice and by the ancients was endeavoured with much industry In this case it is necessary therefore to do two things CHAP. IX The manner of rallying Soldiers after a rout and to make them face about a whole Company at a time Fabr. WHen a Squadron is broken to rally and bring them again suddenly into order two things are convenient first that several Colours or Countermarks be assigned to every Battalia and secondly to observe this rule that the same Foot stand still in the same Files For example if a Soldier 's place was formerly in the second File let him continue in that File and not only in that File but in the same place and in order to that as I said before several Countermarks are necessary And first it is convenient that the Ensigns and Colours of each Company be so handsomly distinguished that being joyned with other Squadrons they may know one another Next that the Captains and Centurions have Plumes of Feathers of Scarfs or something that may make them conspicuous and remarkable and last of all as being of more importance the Capidieci or Corporals are to be so accoutred that they may be known and of this the ancients were so extraordinarily curious that their
numbers were written upon their Helmets in great Characters calling them the first second third and fourth c. And not content with this every Soldier had the number of his File and the number of his place in that File engraven upon his Buckler Your Companies being in this manner made distinguishable by their Colours and accustomed to their Ranks and Files by practice and experience it is no hard matter though they be disordered to rally and reduce them suddenly again for as soon as the Colours are stuck down in the ground they are immediately visible and the Captains and Officers knowing which are their own repair themselves and dispose their Soldiers immediately to their places and when those on the left have placed themselves on the left hand and those which belong to the right hand on the right the Soldiers directed by their rules and the difference of their Colours fall immediately into their Ranks as easily as we put together the Staffes of a Barrel when we have marked them before These things if learned with diligence and exercise at first are quickly attained and hardly forgot for your raw men are directed by the old and in time a Province by these exercises might be made very fit for the War It is necessary therefore to teach them how to turn all together when to face about in the Rear or the Flanks and make Rear and Flank of the first Ranks when occasion is offered And this is no hard matter to do seeing it is sufficient that every man faces to that side he is commanded and where they turn their faces that is the Front True it is when they face to the Flank their Ranks do not hold their proportion because the distance betwixt the Front and the Rear is thereby much lessened and the distance betwixt the extremity of the Flanks is much encreased which is quite contrary to the genuine order of a Battalia for which cause great practice and discretion is required to rectifie it and yet this may be remedied by themselves But that which is of greater consequence and which requires more practice is when an Officer would turn his whole Company together as if it were a single man or a solid and massy body of it self And this requires longer experience than the other For if you would have it turn to the left the left corner must stand still and they who are next them march so leisurely that they in the right may not be put to run if they be it will breed confusion But because it always happens that when an Army marches from place to place that the Companies which are not in the Front are forced to fight in the Flanks or Rear so that one and the same Company is many times compelled to face about to the Flanks and Rear at one and the same time that these Companies therefore may in this exigence hold their old proportion according to what is said before it is necessary that they have Pikes in that Flank which is most likely to be attacked and Capidieci Captains and other Officers in their proper places CHAP. X. To range a Company in such order that it may be ready to face the Enemy on which side soever he comes Fabr. WHen you have marshalled your fourscore Files five in a File you are to put all your Pikes into the first twenty Files and place five of your Corporals in the head of them and five in the Rear The other 60 Files which follow are Bucklers all and consist of 300 men So then the first and last File of every Company are to be Corporals The Captain with his Ensign and Drum is to stand in the midst of the first hundred of Bucklers and every Centurion at the head of his Division When they are in this order if you desire to have your Pikes on the left hand you are to double them Company by Company from the right Flank if you would have them on the right you are to double from the left and this is the way by which a Company turns with the Pikes upon one Flank with their Officers at the Head and the Rear of them and their Captain in the midst and it is the form which is observed in a march But upon the approach of an Enemy when they would make a Front of a Flank they have no more to do but to command that all of them face about to that Flank where the Pikes are and in so doing the whole Battalia turns with its Files and Officers at the same time in the manner aforesaid for unless it be the Centurions they are all in their old places and the Centurions can quickly be there But when a Battalia marches in the Front and is in danger to be engaged in the Rear the Files are to be so ordered that the Pikes may be readily behind and to do this there needs no more but whereas usually in every Battalia every Century has five Files of Pikes in the Front those five Files may be placed in the Rear and in all other places the same order to be observed as before Cosimo If my memory fails not you said that this way of exercise is in order to the uniting these Battalia's into an Army and that this practice is sufficient to direct them in that But if it should happen this Squadron of 450 Foot should be to fight singly and by its self how would you order it then Fabritio He who commands them is to judge where his Pikes are to be disposed and place them as he thinks fit which is not at all consistant with what I have prescribed before for though that be a way to be observed in Battel upon an union or conjunction of several Squadrons yet it may serve as a rule in what ever condition you fall into But in showing you the two other ways which I recommended for the ordering of a Battalia I will satisfie you farther CHAP. XI To draw up a Company with two horns or another with a Piazza or vacuity in the middle TO come to the way of drawing up a Battalia or Squadron with two horns or points I say you must order your 80 Files five in a File after this manner In the midst you must place a Centurion with 25 Files two of Pikes to the left and three of Bucklers to the right when those five are disposed bring up the other twenty with twenty Files and File-leaders all of them to be placed betwixt the Pikes and the Bucklers only those who carry Pikes are to stand with the Pikes After these twenty five Files are so placed draw up another Centurion with fifteen Files of Bucklers after which the Constable or Captain is to draw into the middle with his Drum and his Colours with other fifteen Files of Bucklers This being performed the next to march up is the third Centurion who is to be at the head of 25 Files of 5 in a File three Bucklers to the left
not only the Florentines who neither know how to maintain liberty nor endure slavery were incens'd but the most servile Nation in the World would have been inflam'd to have attempted the recovery of its freedom Whereupon many Citizens of all qualities and degrees resolv'd to destroy him and it fell out that at the same time three Conspiracies were on foot by three sorts of People the Grandees the People and Artificers Besides the General oppression each party had its peculiar reason The Nobility were not restor'd to the Government the People had lost it and the Artificers trade was decay'd The Archbishop of Florence Agnolo Acciaivoli had in his Sermons highly magnifi'd the qualities of the Duke and procur'd him great favour among the People but after he was Governor and his tyranny became notorious they found how the Archbishop had deluded them To make them amends for the fault he had committed he thought nothing could be more reasonable than that the same hand that gave them the wound should endeavour to cure it and therefore he made himself head of the first and most considerable Conspiracy in which were ingag'd with him the Bardi Rossi Frescobaldi Scali Altoviti Magalotti Strozzi and Mancini The Principals of the second Conspiracy were Manno and Corso Donati and with them the Pazzi Cavicciulli Cerchi and Albizzi Of the third Antonio Adimari was the head and with him the Medici Bordini Ruccellai and Aldobrandini Their design was to have kill'd him in the house of the Albizzi whither it was suppos'd he would go on Midsummer day to see the running of the Horses but he went not that day and that design was lost The next proposition was to kill him as he was walking in the streets but that was found to be difficult because he went always well arm'd and well attended and his motions being various and uncertain they could not tell where it was most proper to way-lay him Then it was debated to slay him in the Council but that also was not without danger because though they should kill him they must of necessity remain at the mercy of his Guards Whilst these things were in debate among the Conspirators Antonio Adimari in hopes of assistance from them discover'd the Plot to some of his Friends in Siena told them the Principal of the Conspirators and assur'd them the whole City were dispos'd to redeem themselves whereupon one of the Siennesi communicated the whole business to Francesco Brunelleschi not with intention to have betraid it but in presumption he had been privy to it before and Francâ—sco out of fear or malice to some that were ingag'd in it discover'd all to the Duke Pagolo de Mazzeccha and Simon de Monterapoli being immediatly apprehended they confess'd the whole matter with the number and quality of the Conspirators at which the Duke was much surpriz'd and counsel being given him rather to summon the Conspirators to appear than to secure them abruptly because if they fled of themselves he would be as safe without scandal he summon'd Adimari who appear'd in confidence of the number of his Accomplices Adimari was arrested and the Duke advis'd by Francesco Brunelleschi and Uguccione Buondelmonti to betake himself to his arms and go up and down to their houses and kill all of them they met But his force in the Town was Judg'd too small for that resolution and therefore he pitch'd upon another which had it succeeded would have secured him against his Enemies and provided him with Men. The Duke was wont upon any great Emergencies to call the chief Citizens together and to advise with them Having first sent to prepare what force he was able he caus'd a list of three hundred Citizens to be made and deliver'd to his Sergeants to summon them to Council by their Names resolving when they were met to kill or imprison them as he pleas'd Antonio Adimari being secur'd and so many great Citizens summon'd which could not be done without noise many of them and especially those who were conscious began to suspect and some refus'd absolutely to obey The list having been brought to them all and perus'd by every one of them they began to understand and incourage one another to take Arms and dye manfully like Men rather than be driven quietly like sheep to the slaughter so that in few hours all the Conspiracies were known and the Conspirators united holding Counsel among themselves it was concluded that the next day being the 26 of Iuly 1343. a tumult should be rais'd in the old Market-place upon which all were to take Arms and excite the people to liberty The next day the Signal being given by sounding a Bell as it was agreed before every Body took Arms and crying out Liberty Liberty the People betook themselves to their Arms likewise and fell to fortify in their several Quarters under their respective Ensigns which was done by the contrivance of the Conspirators The chief of all Families both Nobility and People met and took an Oath to live and die with one another in the destruction of the Duke except only the Buondelmonti the Cavalcanti and the four Families of the People which consented to make him Prince who with the Butchers and Rascality of the City ran down arm'd to the Piazza in defence of the Duke The Duke alarm'd at these proceedings fortifi'd his Palace call'd home his Servants which were lodg'd in several parts of the Town and sallying forth with them on Horseback towards the Market-place they were many times assaulted by the way and many of them slain being forced back and recruited with 300 fresh Horse he was in doubt with himself whether he had best fall upon them again or stand upon his guard and in the mean time the Medici Cavicciulli Ruccellai and other families that were most disoblig'd by the Duke were in no less fear that if he should make a sally many who had taken Arms against him in the uproar would show themselves his friends desirous therefore to keep him from sallying and by that means increasing his numbers drawing what force together they were able they advanc'd towards the Market place where some of their fellow Citizens had posted themselves indefence of the Duke The Citizens which were there in the front and had appear'd first for their Prince seeing themselves so briskly confronted chang'd their sides left their Duke in the lurch and joyn'd with their fellow Citizens all but Uguccione Buondelmonti who retired into the Palace and Giannozzo Cavalcanti who retreating with some of his party into the New-Market and getting upon a bench made an earnest speech exhorting the People to stand firm to the Duke and having got more force to him to fright them if his perswasion fail'd he threatned to kill them all Man Woman and Child if they joyn'd or persisted in any design against him But seeing no body follow him nor no body near to chastise him for his insolence perceiving he had
you have taken will deprive your Country of its liberty your self of your authority me of my Estate and others of their Country At the first news of this tumult the Senate had caused their Palace to be shut up where they kept themselves close with the Magistrats without appearing for either side the Citizens especially those who had followed Luca seeing the party of Piero armed and the other disarmed began to contrive how they might shew themselves his friends not how they might express themselves his Enemies Whereupon the principal Citizens and the heads of the factions met in the Palace before the Senators where many things were debated relating to the Government of the City in that juncture and the ways of reconciliation but because Piero could not be there in respect of his indisposition all agreed to go to him to his house except Nicolo Soderini who having recommended his Children and family to the protection of Tomaso was retired to his Country house to attend there the conclusion of these troubles which he expected would be unhappy to him and fatal to his Country The rest being arrived at Piero's Palace one of them being deputed complained to him of the condition of the City by reason of the tumults declared that they who took Arms first were most conscious of them that understanding Piero was the Man and his design unknown they were come to him to be informed from himself and if it appeared to be for the advantage of the City they promised to comply To which Piero replyed that he who takes Arms first is not in the fault but he who gives the occasion that if they considered more seriously of their behaviour towards him they would not wonder at what he had done for his own preservation for they would find it was their conventions in the night their subscriptions and practices to defeat him both of his Authority and life which had forced him to his Arms yet having extended them no farther than his own house he conceived it was good evidence his intentions were innocent and rather to defend himself than injure any body else that he desired nothing but his own security and had never given them occasion to suspect him of other that when the Authority of the Balia expired he never attempted to revive it in any extraordinary way but was willing if they were so themselves that the Magistrats should have the Government of the City that Cosimo and his Sons knew how to live honorable in Florence either with or without the Balia and that in 58 it was for their interest not his that it was restored But this was not sufficient he found them of opinion that whilst he was in Florence there would be no safety no tranquillity for them a thing truly so far from his belief he could never have imagined or thought upon it that his own friends and his Father should not endure to live with him in the same City seeing no action of his had ever express'd him otherwise than a quiet and peaceable Man Then turning about to Diotisalvi and his Brothers who were all present he reproached them severely by the favours they had received from Cosimo by the confidence he had placed in them and the great ingratitude which they had returned which reprimende was delivered with so much zeal and efficacy that had not Piero himself restrained them some there present were so much enraged at their deportment towards him they would certainly have killed him and at last he concluded that what ever they and the Senate determined he would consent to for he desired nothing of them but to live quiet and in peace Hereupon many things were proposed but nothing concluded only in general it was thought necessary the City should be reformed and new Laws created The then Gonfaloniere de Giustitia was Bernardo Lotti a person in whom Piero had no confidence and so resolved not to do any thing whilst he was in office which he conceived would be no great prejudice to his affairs because his time was almost expir'd But at the election of Senatours in September and October following 1466. Roberto Lioni was chosen Gonfaloniere who was no sooner settled in his office but all others thing being prepared to his hand he called the People together into the Piazza and created a new Balia all of Piero's creatures who fell presently upon the creation of new Magistrats and chose them as Piero directed Which manner of proceeding so terrisied the heads of the adverse party that they fled out of the City most of them Agnolo Acciaivoli to Naples Diotisalvi Neroni and Nicolo Soderini to Venice But Luca Pitti remained behind presuming upon his late alliance and the promises which he had received from Piero Giovanni the Son of Neroni at that time Archbishop of Florence to prevent the worst banished himself voluntarily to Rome All the fugitives were proclaimed rebels and the family of the Neroni dispersed Many other Citizens were banished likewise and consined to particular places nor was this all a solemn procession was ordered to give God thanks for the preservation of the State and the unity of the City in the time of which solemnity certain Citizens were apprehended tortured and then part of them put to death and part of them banished But in all the inconstancy and variations of fortune nothing was so remarkable as the fall of Luca Pitti He quickly learned the difference betwixt Victory and misfortune betwixt honor and disgrace His house which was formerly thronged with the visits and attendancies of the better sort of Citizens was now grown solitary and unfrequented When he appeared abroad in the streets his friends and relations were not only afraid to accompany him but to owne or salute him some of them having lost their honors for doing it some of them their Estates and all of them threatned The noble structures which he had begun were given over by the workmen the good deeds which he had done were requited with contumely and the honors he had confer'd with infamy and disgrace So that many persons who in his authority had presented him largely in his distress required it again pretending it was lent and no more and these very People who before commended him to the skies cried him down again as fast for his ingratitude and violence so that now when it was too late he began to repent himself that he had not taken Nicolo's advice and died honorably seeing he could not live so Nevertheless Agnolo Acciaivoli being than at Naples before he attempted any thing of innovation he resolved to try Piero and see if there was no hopes of reconciliation to which purpose he writ to him this following letter I cannot but smile to observe the wantonness of fortune and what sport she makes her self in turning friends into Enemies and Enemies into friends according to her own humor aâ—d capriccio you may remember how at the banishment of
the goodness of their order giving new life and courage to their men makes them confident of Victory and that confidence never suffers them to give ground till their whole order be broken There is another sort of Armies which are acted more by fury than discipline as in the Armies of the French and there it is quite otherwise because not succeeding in their first charge and not being sustained by a well ordered courage that fury upon which they wholly rely'd growing cold and remiss they are quickly overthrown Whereas the Romans fearing nothing of danger by reason of their good order and discipline without the least diffidence or question of the Victory fought on still obstinately being animated with the same courage and agitated by the same ardor at last as at first and the more they were press'd the better they resisted The third sort of Armies is where their is neither natural courage nor discipline and order as in our Italian Armies now adays which are so useless and unserviceable that â—â—â—ess they light upon an Enemy who runs by some accident they are never like to have a Victory and this is so obvious every day it needs no example to prove it But because by the testimony of Livy every one may know what is the right discipline and what is the wrong I will give you the words of Papirius Gursor in his reprimande to Fabius the Master of his Horse His words are these Nemo hominum nemo Deorum verecundiam hebeat Non edicta Imperatorum non auspicia observentur Sine Commeatu vagimilites in pacato in hostico errent immemores Sacramenti se ubi valent exauctorentur infrequentia deserantur signa neque conveniatur ad edictum nec discernatur interdiu noctu aequo iniquo loco jussu injussu Imperatoris pugnetur Non signa non ordines serventur latrocinii modo caeca fortuita pro solenni sacrata Militia sit Let them bare no respect or reverence either to God or man Let neither the orders of the General nor the directions of the Auspices be observed Let the loose and vagabond Soldier infest his own Country as much as the Enemies Let them forget their Oaths and disband as they please Let them run from their Colours as they think good and not come back when they are required Let them fight hand over head without consideration of time or place or order of their Officers Let their ranks be confused and their Colours deserted In a word Let their whole Conduct be blind and fortuito like thieves rather than the solemn and sacred Militia of the Romans By this we may easily see whether the Militia of our times be blind and fortuitous or whether it be solemn and sacred how far is it short of the old discipline of the Romans which consisting in exact order produced courage and constancy in the Souldiers and how far behind the French among whom though their is not that just order and constancy yet there is courage enough CHAP. XXXVII Whether fighting in small parties or pickeering before a Battel be necessary and how the temper of a new Enemy is to be found without them IN humane affairs as we have said before there is not only a perpetual and unavoidable difficulty in carrying them to their perfection but there is always some concomitant mischief so inseparable from it that it is impossible to arrive at the one without the other This is visible in all the actions of mankind so that that perfection is acquir'd with much difficulty unless you be so favoured by fortune that by her force she overcomes that common and natural inconvenience and of this and duel betwixt Manlius Torquatus and the French-man put me in mind where as Livy tell us Tantiea dimicatio ad universi belli eventum momenti fuit ut Gallorum exercitus relictis trepidè Castris in Tiburtem agrum mox in Campaniam transierit The success of that duel was of so much importance to the success of the War that thereupon the French Army drew off in a great fear into the Tiburtine Country and afterwards march'd away into Campania From whence I infer on the one side that a good General is to avoid any thing that carrying but small advantage with it may have an ill influence upon his Army to fight therefore in parties and venture your whole fortune upon less than your whole Army is rash and imprudent as I have said before where I dissuaded the keeping of passes On the other side I observe when an experienced General comes against a new enemy that has the reputation of being stout before he brings him to a Battel he is obliged to try him by slight skirmishes and pickeerings that by so doing he may bring his Souldiers acquainted with their discipline and way of sighting and remove that terror which the fame and reputation of their courage had given them And this in a General is of very great importance and so absolutely necessary that he who engages an unknown enemy with his whole Army before he has made an essay of his courage runs himself and his Army into manifest danger Valerius Corvinus was sent by the Romans with an Army against the Samnites a new enemy with whom they had never had any conflict before and Livy tells us he sent small parties abroad and caused them to entertain light skirmishes with the enemy Ne eos novum bellum ne novus hostis terreret Lest his Souldiers should be terrified with a new war and a new enemy But then the danger is that your men being overcome their terror should be encreased and that which you intended to animate should discourage and dismay them and this is one of those good things which have so near a conjunction with evil that 't is no hard matter to take one for the other My advice therefore is that a wise General abstains from any thing that may strike a terror into his Army for then the Souldiers begin to apprehend when they see their Comrades kill'd before their face For which reason those pickeerings and slight skirmishes are to be avoided by all means unless upon great advantage or some more than ordinary hopes of success Again it is not his interest certainly to defend any pass where he cannot upon occasion bring his whole Army to engage neither are any Towns to be made good but such as are of importance to the subsistance of his Army and without which both that and himself must be ruined and no such Towns are to be fortified but where not only a good Garison may be disposed and supplyed but where in case of a Siege your whole Army may be brought to relieve it other Towns are rather to be quitted than kept for to abandon a Town whilst your Army is in the field is no disrepute to you nor discouragement to your Souldiers but when you lose a place that you undertook and every body expected you would defend that
them so as every lodgment should contain ten men at Arms the whole number that I have allotted to each Battalion being an hundred and fifty The Captains lodgments should â—â—orty yards wide and ten in lenght and you must take notice that when I say wide I mean from North to South and when long from East to West The lodgment for the private men at arms should be fifteen yards long and thirty wide In the other fifteen lodgments which follow on both sides of the street which begin at the traverse way and should have the same allowance of ground as I have given to the other I would dispose my light horse And because there are likewise of them belonging to each Battalion 150 I would put ten of them into each of the fifteen lodgments and the sixteenth I would reserve for the Captain with the same space of ground as is allowed to the Captain of the men at arms and so the lodgments of the horse of the two Battalions should come down to the middle of the General 's Street and be a direction to the quartering of the foot as I shall shew You have seen how I have lodged the 300 horse of both Battalions with their Officers in 32 lodgments set up near the General 's Street and beginning at the Cross-street and how betwixt the sixteenth and the seventeenth there was resâ—rved a space of thirty yards to make a cross-way Being therefore to lodge the twenty Battalia's or Companies in the two ordinary Battalions I would appoint lodgments for every two Battalia's behind the lodgments of the horse and they should each of them contain in length 15 yards and in bredth thirty according to the dimensions of the horse-lodgment and they should be so close that they should touch one another In the first lodgment on each side butting upon the Cross-street I would lodge the Captain of each Company over against the lodgment of the Captain of the men at Arms and this lodgment alone should be twenty yards wide and ten long In the other fifteen lodgments which succeed on both sides as far as the traverse way I would quarter a Company of foot which being 450 should be disposed 30 to a lodgment The other 15 lodgments should be set up on each side by the lodgments of the light horse with the same dimensions of ground and on each side I would place a Battalia of foot In the last lodgment on each side I would place the Captain of the Company right over against the Captain of the light horse with a space of ten yards in length and twenty in bredth and so these two first ranks of lodgments would be half horse and half foot but because as I said before these horses are all horses of service which have no proper persons either to dress or to feed them I would have the foot which are quartered behind obliged to look to them and for so doing they should be exempt from other duties in the Camp and this was the method of the Romans After this I would leave a space of thirty yards on each side which should make streets and be called one of them the first Street on the left hand and the other the first Street on the right I would then on each side set up another row of 32 lodgments with their backs one to the other with the same spaces as I assigned to the other and having separated sixteen of them as with the rest to make a traverse way I would dispose in each side four Companies with their Captains at the head of them and other Officers in the rear After I had left on both sides a distance of thirty yards for a way which on one side should be called the second Street on the right hand and on the other side the second Street on the left hand I would set up another rank of 32 lodgments with the same distances and separations where I would lodge on each side four Companies with their Officers and by doing this all the Cavalry and the Companies of both the Battalions would be lodged in three rows of lodgments and the General 's quarter in the middle The two Battalions of Auxiliaries having made them to consist of the same number of men I would quarter on both sides of the two ordinary Battalions with the same number of rows and in the same order as they placing first one order of lodgments consisting half of horse and half of foot distant from the next order thirty foot which distance should make a Street and be called on one side the third Street on the right hand and on the other side the third Street on the left hand And then I would make on each side two more rows of lodgments with the same distances and distinctions as in the lodgments of the other Battalions which should make two other Streets and be called according to their number and the hand on which they are placed so that this whole Army will be lodged in twelve double rows of lodgments and there will be thirteen Streets reckoning the General 's Street and the Cross-street when I have design'd my circumference and appointed my lodgments for my four Battalions I would leave a space betwixt the lodgments and the trenches of an hundred yards broad which should go round my Camp and if you compute all the spaces you will find that from the middle of the General 's lodgment to the East Gate are 680 yards There are two other spaces one from the General 's quarter to the South Gate and the other from the same place to the North Gate each of them 635 yards commencing at the Center Substracting afterwards from each of these spaces fifty yards for the General 's quarter and five and forty more on each side for a Piazza and thirty yards for a Street that divides each of the said spaces in the middle and an hundred yards round betwixt the lodgments and the trenches there remains on all sides for lodgments a space of four hundred yards wide and an hundred long measuring the lenght with the space which is taken up by the General 's quarter then dividing the said length in the middle there will be on each side of the General forty lodgments in length fifty yards and twenty wide which in all will be 80 in which the general Officers of the Battalions should be quartered the Trâ—â—surers the Mastres de Campe and all such as have any Office in the Army leaving some spaces empty for strangers or such Voluntiers as follow the Wars meerly out of affection to the General on the back-side of the General 's quarters I would make a Street from South to North thirty yards broad and it should be called Front-street and run along all the 80 lodgments abovesaid From this Front-street by the General 's quarter I would have another Street that should go from thence to the West Gate thirty yards wide answering both for situation and