discontented and that many things were wanting in his Army which were requisite to a complete Battell that they ought not to way the Austrians past fortune for that she changes daily and when shee seemest fullest of haire becomes soone bald that by how much more eminent the fame and valour of the Enemy was so much more glory was to be wonne by beating them that he had forgon the safe and pleasing quiet of a Court and entred into the troubles of warre to no other end but to raise againe that liberty which suppressed by the Imperialists under the specious pretence of Religion kept those people under the yoake of Tyranny who in all respects were worthy to be eased thereof that the valour of that nation was now in question which not imbaced by the harmfull idlenesse of peace had in her vigor enough to tame the fiercest nations of Europe that finally he built his safety upon the honourable behaviour of his men and the experience of his Commanders from whose swords honour and reward was to be expected that hee would lead them the way they were to follow that no evill was lesse to be born withall then what was occasioned by ones owne default Septemb. 17. By breake of day he made his horse advance in sight of his Enemies squadrons and the Army being incouraged by the sound of warre-like Instruments diverse skirmishes were begun On the other side Tilly wholly composed of confidence and boldnesse in respect of his Souldiers whose valour he had tryed in so many Battailes did infinitely desire to try himselfe with this King for as his name and fame was great so greater would be the glory which the victory over him in battaile would bring with it Having summoned his chiefe Commanders together he acquainted them with his purpose That now the time was come to reap the fruite of so many worthy actions and give a glorious end to their past victories that they might afterwards in perfect quiet enjoy the renowne glory and riches which they had wonne he shewed them that the Kings forces were new men and much terrified at the fame of that valour which they in so many victories had wonne that they ought to thank God and receive these occasions as gifts from Heaven that so they might conquer the persecutors of the holy Church and by worldly conquests gaine Heaven That the Swedes were not stronger then those who being so often made a sacrifice to their swords had made men know of what force the justice of the cause and the valour of Ferdinand the seconds Souldiers were that the bodies of base and cowardly men were followed with fearfull shadowes not the mindes of such as were couragious That the apprehension of dangers and feare of shot was banish'd by experience That doubt belonged to the unexperienced assurance to such as were capable of it that the Swedes happy successes were to be tearmed the treasons of subjects the fomentions of Rebels not the valour of Souldiers worth of Commanders and force of armes Here some being of opinion that such undertakings as are pursued with certainty are most praise-worthy and these knowing that to fight without the addition of Aldringers men would not be so safe who were all old Souldiers and who within six dayes might joyne themselves with their Army and by which assistance the King might be fought withall upon better advantage and with almost assured victory they advertised Tilly thereof But he growing still more couragious and governed by his owne confidence would not listen to their perswasions being of opinion it was not glorious to win upon such advantage He said that the reputation of their armes was too farre advanced that delay was a manifest shew of feare and an increase of courage in the Enemy That there was nothing more prejudiciall in the art of warre-fare then the appearing to feare the Enemy That great enterprises became great Commanders and that the more difficult they were the more glorious were they That to expect Aldringers comming would be but losse of time for that if by such delay their Army should receive any increase the same would befall the Kings Army towards whom many Troopes were already on their march from Brandenburg Saxony Mechelburg and the other adjacent Provinces in all which places the Drums did continually beat and Souldiers were taken into pay Drawing therefore his Army forth into the fields of Leypzik under the village Tanger hee formed his Army which consisted of 34000. Souldiers in this manner On the right flancke just over against the said village were placed five Regiments of Crabats commanded by Colonell Isolan a brave subject and much experienced in warre they were all well horst and armed with Harguhibuses Pistols and Simiters after these followed six great squadrons of Horse under 70. Standerds of severall Colours with severall impresses amongst the which one was a great Imperiall Eagle which held in her right Tallents a Pontificiall Crowne and in her left the Imperiall Scepter the word was Pro Ecclesia et pro Imperio these belonged to the Regiments of the Colonels Schamburg Cronenburg Braungarten Baldiron Valmirode Detrusteim Ghetts Blancort and the Duke of Holesteime all of them subjects of great bloud and great experienced Commanders they were all mounted on stately Horses armed with strong Curases and richly adorned in their apparrell the Vanguard of Foot consisting of 8000. old Souldiers followed next which was divided into foure great bataglions under 48. Ensignes of diverse Colours and with severall inscriptions Over these Shamburg Commanded in chiefe who was Serjeant Major Generall of the Army a gentleman much verst in warre in their front stood 20. field pieces and upon the flanckes of those 16. great pieces so ordered as that they might from a farre off flanke upon the Swedish squadrons Upon the left flanke and upon the backe of the Vanguard of Foot 5000. Horse marched all well mounted and arm'd which were the Regiments of Coronino Rangoni and Gonsago Noblemen of Italy and of Spor Diffart and Arracourt Germans of good account and over these Count Popenheime commanded in chief upon a brown-bay horse and accompanied with about 20. Voluntiers all of them gentlemen of stranger nations After these followed the maine battaile consisting of 10000. foot which were disposed into six battaglions and were the severall Brigadoes of the Duke of Sas of Count Bortholed Walestein Duke Sâ—â—velly Merrodes Popenheime Fistemburg and Strozzi over which Fistemburg commanded in chiefe they all marched in the head of their Squadrons upon little nags and afterwards lighting they tooke each one their Pikes in hand The Battaile was upheld on the right flanke by 2000 horse belonging to the Regiments of Tersica Breda Prior Aldobrandim Rochimberg Mancini Bonbaglion Fiston and others the Sieur D' Harcourt commanded the right wing and the Sieur de Cornemberg the left both of them Serjeant Majors Generall of the Army behinde these followed the Rear-guard placed upon the rise of a hill
and made the King see he would nor refuse to fight with him no nor with Saxony though both joyned together The King likewise seeing himselfe in the head of an Army ready to fight and that at last a Battell must be had he losing no time least Tilly might be by Aldringer re-inforced couragiously advanced towards the Enemy he mustered both his owne men and those of the Elector on the fifteenth of September in the Fields about Dieben and found them to amount to about 40000 Souldiers and having given unto them two payes he with Princely words and courteous expressions full of honour encouraged all his men and tooke from them that feare which they might have received by reason of the Imperialists fortune who had stil bin victors in so many Battels And moreover making it publickly knowne that he intended nothing to himself of what should be gotten but to part it all amongst his fellow souldiers he heartened his men with sure hope of good successe and with a grave and slow march tooke his way towards the Austrian Quarters The Vantgard towards the East between the Villages of Dieben and Lindaw consisted of 14000 Saxon Souldiers rancked into eight Squadrons foure of Foot and foure of Horse and was commanded by the Duke himselfe who in his owne person lead them on accompanied by above a hundred of the prime Gentlemen of his State all Volontiers He had upon him a breastplate lined with gold a blacke Scarfe all imbroidered with silver and was upon a Sorrell Horse all dapled Behind the Elector on the left wing Lieutenant Generall Harnem marched who leading on 2000 Horse well mounted their Riders all armed in black burnisht Armes under the Command of the 2 Colonels Brintauff Corville himself mounted on an yron-gray Steed appeared in a threatning posture to the lookers on the Foot flankt in the midst between the Elector and Harnem were lead on by the Colonels Offchirchem Damniger Marshall Helmendort and Spinghell over whom as Generall of the Foot was the Duke of Iltemberg the Electors Cousin clad in perfumed Turkish leather with a great black feather in his head amidst those Foot were 16 peeces of great Cannon drawne by good Horses and 26 Sachers and after them followed all the Carriages of the Saxon and Swedish Army which were so disposed of by the Kings directions On the right side towards the Village Delicts did the Swedish Squadrons march on the right hand whereof stood the King in a mingled coloured Cloth suite with a Jupe of perfumed leather with a gray Hat on his head and a little green Feather mounted on a Dun Horse behind him followed 2000 Dutch Horse and 2000 Finlanders armed with Curases Pistols and broad Swords Amidst these Squadrons which divided into foure Bodies left between them a vacuitie of about a hundred Foot broad were two hundred choice Musketeers placed ready to salute the Enemies Horse before they came to Pistoll-shot the Battaglions of Foot which were in the Van-guard were led on by Banniers Marshall of the Field a Swede by birth before the which he marched in a sute of Turkish leather with arming points of gold and a skie-coloured Scarfe upon a Flea-bitten pacing Horse with a Truncheon tipped with yron in his hand These Regiments were divided into six Battaglions each of them consisting of 1500 Foot betwixt each of which in the Front five peeces of Cannon was drawne very light and of a moderne invention loaded with bags of Musket-bullets These Companies were under 72 Ensignes of various and lovely Colours upon the which was set the Kings Armes and upon that a great Crowne the Motto was Gustavus Adolphus Rex Fidei Evangelica defensor the greatest part of the souldiers were clad in blew and yellow Jackets upon the left wing did Marshall Gustavus Horne march who had the Command of foure thousand Horse armed with Curasses divided into foure Squadrons under fifty two Standards part blew part Orange colour wherein was read a Motto under an arme which in its hand held a Sword Si Deus pro nobis quis contra nos and under a Scepter over which a Sword lay crosse was another inscription which said Ensem Gradivus Sceptrum Them is ipsa gubernat he was a Swede by Nation and a man of great esteeme he was armed with a Curasse upon a daplegray Horse and clad in Turkish leather The rest of the Foot followed divided into six Battaglions lead in the Battell by the Colonels Wiston Ruthen and Heburne the chiefe Commanders of the Army who marched before upon little naggs and within these Battaglions were placed thirty peeces of Field Cannon at equall distances betwixt the one and the other Squadrons were 87 Ensignes of diverse Colours and with diverse Mottoes amongst these underneath a Sun overshadowed with the Clouds was read this inscription Sero sed serio In this order which bore with it a formidable appearance the Swedish and Saxon Army advanced on the sixteenth day of September too within two leagues of Lipsick Tilly upon the hearing thereof had sent forth certaine Squadrons of Horse to spye out and informe themselves of the Enemies proceedings between which and the Horse of the other side there happened a very hot skirmish and had not the Sun which was then upon the setting parted the fray which was maintained valiantly by the one and the other parties doubtlesse both Armies would then have joyned battell as they did the next day The King who all the night long kept himselfe in the Field going now hither now thither instructing every one what order they ought to keep encouraging his souldiers with this pleasing speech and cheerfull voice and calling unto him all the Commanders of the Army he with a merry looke said unto them That now the occasion was presented which he had so long desired that he might make a triall of his Souldiers valour he told them that past victories and renowne already gotten did vanish into smoake when daring was suffocated with feare that they ought not to value that Enemy who being so oft beaten within his strongest holds does now appeare in the fields lesse strong dismaide and quaking at the rusling of their own Armes that feare was the Harbinger of death for which cowardise did oft provide Quarter that courage was the sonne of Fortune the Father of renowne and the beautifull dispencer of greatnesse honour and riches he acquainted every of them how he would be served by them in this action he shewed the whole Army of what great consequence the winning of this Battell would be what advantage would thereby accrue to the publique and to each private man since great booty was therein to be had much acquisition extraordinary honour the increase of the common safety he with words of efficacy moderated the estimation which such as were fearfull might have of the valour and renowne of the Enemy letting them know that Tillies Forces were not great that his souldiers were
and was composed of 6000. Foot belonging to the Regiments of Gratz Contras Holia Offâ—nts Montecucoli and Differt which were all lead on by the Sieur D'Offcutz upon a dapple-gray horse behinde these Foot and behinde the baggadge which came in the Rear marched the Regiments of the Colonels Montecka Michna and others which were commanded by the Counts of Mansfield and Fucari great men in Germany Tilly as the soule of the body kept himselfe in the midst of the Army accompanied by many Gentlemen of quality stiled Voluntiers he rod on a chesnut horse had on him a gray sute and was armed back and brest The Imperialists Army being thus ordered and placed in a very advantagious place upon which all the great pieces of Ordnance were raised they stood waiting to see what the King would doe but hee having advanced the Saxon horse against the Crabats and the Curaseers which guarded the left flanke of the Emperors Army and the Crabats charging fiercely upon the Swedes being back't by the body of the armed horse the fight was very hot about three houres after Sunne-rising where after the discharging of their Pistols and their incountring with their swords the Saxon horse gave backe being charged in the front and on the flanke by the Imperialists Vanguard of horse lead on by Shamburg and Cronemberg who with their Swords in hand prest hard upon them who falling foule upon the Electors squadrons in this confusion and hurley burley opened the way to the Caesarian horse to do no small execution on them The King seeing what prejudice the Saxons received commanded Bannier to advance with his horse of the right wing against the left wing of Tillyes Army which being lead on by Count Fistemberg did in close order couragiously set forward to meet the Enemy Hee likewise set forwards two great squadrons of Swedish Horse seconded by a squadron of Foot and lead on by Hebron against the Crabats who boldly advanced to discharge their Carabines opening the horse files and there being faced by Muskettiers they to their great losse received a sore salute of Musket-shot and some field pieces charged with bags of Musket-bullets did so powre downe shot amongst them as many of them being put out of their rankes and many unhorst they caused much mischiefe to their squadrons Yet notwithstanding not abating their courage they amidst the bloud which in all places flowed apace and the smoake and fire which lightned round about them gave on undauntedly and with much violence upon the Saxon horse who being drill'd through by the uncessant shot of certaine Culverings and likewise charged by some squadrons lead on by Tilly's selfe who being followed by some of the bands of the most ancient stoutest and best experienced Souldiers as likewise by many Voluntiers charged through them they were routed and began to be scattered on all sides leaving the field to the Conquerour The King seeing this confusion and the eminency of danger the Elector not being able to stay his men from running away neither by threates nor yet by intreaties hee advanced some Squadrons of the Findlanders Horse which were kept for a reserve and he himselfe with his sword in hand hasted to the place where the Imperialists Artillery was placed which he found guarded but by a few men the greatest part of them being run to the Pillage of the Saxons who were run away and made himselfe master of it and straightway turning the Cannon upon the Enemy made them play upon the flanke of the Caesarians who prosecuting their victory laid load upon the Foot Regiments of Colonell Steinack Halli and Hebrun who being sent by the King to incourage the Saxons did there desperately defend themselves with their Pikes and Muskets Hee then caused some Horse to advance against certaine battaglions of Foot who came from the Imperialists Reare-guard unbackt by Horse which caused such feare in them as setting upon them in divers parts with Curasiers mixt with some few Muskets though the enemy made good their ground for about an houres space the old Souldiers not ceasing with incredible undauntednesse to fight though lam'd and wounded they were at last routed their Pikes cut in pieces on all sides their Foot trod underfoot and their Rankes broken then seeing what impression his men made amongst the enemy he commanded Gustavus Horne with part of his Horse and some Foot to make good the Artillery which he had wonne and that he should withstand Popenheime who with the Imperialists Horse of the Battaile and foure battaglions of Foot came hastily on to succour his side Then observing how the Imperialists crying Victory Victory were run to the Baggage and were intent thereupon as if the Battaile had been ended hee couragiously placed himselfe in the head of 4000. choice Horse followed by 4000. good Muskettiers and 800. Dragoons and crying out follow me and feare not he with his sword in his hand charged the Imperialists giving in upon them with so much violence mingling his men amongst theirs and killing many of them with his owne hand as though they indeavoured to rally themselves together and make head against him yet their Souldiers being scattered some here some there and some of them busie in pillaging the Carriages they could not resist the Swedes invading them who charging afresh with more fury and force had in the space of an houre slaine the greatest part of them Tilly was mad to see this unwonted confusion of his men he solicitously indeavoured to get his men in order againe and to re-assume the fight to him Popenheime hasted with Squadron of reserve though sorely wounded in two places the blood gush't from him apace but being pursued by Bannier and Horne with whom till then he had been a fighting and by this time the grosse of both Armies being gotten likewise thither the scuffle began againe the Cannon thundred from every side some loaded with great bullets some with bags of small ones there was nothing seen but smoake fire and bloud some of the most couragious without mercy trod under the horses feet and members torne from the body by the Cannon flying in the aire Then was the Battaile renewed on all sides on Flanke Front and Reare amidst this horror the King with some able and resolute squadrons charged in and with his sword made way through the thickest of the Caesarian squadrons Here the Findlanders Horse shewed such assurednes and resolution as cheerfully incouraging each other with their voices they charged Tillyes squadrons through and through so as the Imperialists no longer able to defend themselves against these men who had banished all feare of death who were inheartened with the opinion of winning the day and had likewise got the advantage of the winde which with a briske gale blew the smoak and powder into the enemies eyes they in disorderly retreat fell foule upon the squadrons of their owne Foot which being by them opened and broken began to run Tilly observing this confusion
by nourishing the differences between the Princes of the bloud and thereby to affoord fuell to the flames of Ambition to kindle a new intestine warre sufficient to disturbe the Forces of that great King aswell by deviating them from his intentions upon the State of Milan which in this conjuncture was much feared as to withhold from thence that assistance which the Protestants expected To this purpose 't is said they sent some of their trustiest creatures concealedly to treate with the Duke of Orleans and other chiefe men that were discontented with the government of the Ministers of State in France not letting slip any thing that might hurle the French into those straights whereunto they were leaning for many were afraid that if the French had declared themselves in this so calamitous time after a hostile manner all their preparations would doubtlesly have been much perplext if not totally shipwrackt but for that when God extends his hand of protection over a crowned head all the plots and hatreds of their envyers are rendred uselesse many considered that the Emperour Ferdinand the second had not a little merited from Heaven whilest Princes and people jealous of the Austrian greatnesse and conspiring together to suppresse the same in stead of embracing an opportune occasion of laying the Emperour upon his backe betooke themselves to things of uncertainty and which concerned their private interests so those armes which openly joyned together would have ruined the Empire being unresolved and expecting what the event of others would be stayed from declaring themselves till such time as the prevailing Forces of the Swedes growing weaker and the Imperiall power in time gathering force they should finde it a hard matter to abate the edge of that strength which was inheartned by the experience of Armies and was made more stable by being shaked Rome increasing under Romulus had the good fortune that whilest she was fought withall by diverse Nations she was not set upon by all at once And whereas being all united they had overcome her they severally were by her overcome and by their ruine affoorded leisure to lay the foundations of the Roman Monarchy It is a truth not to be doubted of that if the French not inferiour in strength to the Austrians and who knew the Imperiall greatnesse ought to have been suppressed had followed the King of Swedes fortune and openly have drawn their swords as afterwards they were inforced to doe they would either have brought the Imperiall dignity to make peace upon their owne conditions or else have led it to some great exigency That fire that is not quencht by a little water gathering more strength and breaking forth in greater flames will not afterwards give way to greater store of water Whence it may be gathered that when a Prince may by his advancing prejudice his Enemy whilest his Enemy is busied on one side he ought not to stand idle on the other for 't is well knowne that those Forces which have overcome their first withstanders made wiser by experience grow keener and better edged against the second Knowing moreover that the only Austrian Forces was not sufficient in such an emergency as this to withstand the evils threatned by the victories and well conducted Armies of the Swedes and of so many other enemies whose numbers by their greatnesse and command was increased they sent first the Cardinall d' Arach Walesteines kinsman to the Pope and after him Duke Savell who being found innocent was absolved of the faults laid unto his charge by Tilly out of some private ill will that he bore him with pressing and earnest desires of being from his Holinesse assisted with good store of monies and newes was brought that the Pope had voted a considerable summe of money to be sent the Emperour though it were demanded with too much pretensions by the Austrian Ministers of State and advised for the interest of their Countrey by some Cardinals of the Spanish Faction and that they knew his Holinesse to be very carefull of the good of Christendome whilest by continuall exhortations he had endeavoured the safety of Lombardy against the fury which the Forces bent without regard upon the destruction of Mantua threatned by whose example the Christian Princes very well perceived that to foment the greatnesse of puissant Princes was nothing else but to nurse up a Serpent in ones bosome which at last would poison its benefactor as it would have proved in past times if the French and Swedes diversions had not recalled those Forces from Italy which neither the prayets exhortations nor protestations of the Pope could prevaile withall to make them turne backe they also sent to other Potentates and Princes of Italy the Count Rabata then Governour of Gradisca no lesse powerfull with his pen then with his sword a gentleman of singular understanding in any affaire who was very much welcomed by them all with many complements but their expeditions proved unusefull When the Enemy watches we must not be asleep therefore if Walesteine did by these new inventions recruit his Army that he might in the Spring appeare in the Field The King of Sweden growne hardy by his victory and other happy successes sent newes of this his prosperous proceedings to such Princes States and Cities as were his friends and disswading the Hauns Townes and Princes of the Empire from assisting his Enemy he did not sit still in this his prosperity but printing a Declaration wherein was contained that he would take aswell Roman Catholiques as Protestants into his protection that he might not lose time but make use of his fortune he resolved forthwith to march with his Army into Franconia This Province extends it selfe on the West and South side to the Confines of the upper and lower Palatinate on the East to Bohemia and Misnia and on the North side to Thuringia so as it may be called the Center of Germany it is partly plaine and partly adorned with pleasant hills of a fruitfull soile though in some parts sandy 'T is watered by the Rivers Mayne Aisah Ridnits Bints Stray Tawber and others to the no little advantage of the Inhabitants The King agreed with the Elector of Saxony how he should behave himselfe in the Kingdome of Bohemia he left Bannier and Tod Marshals of the Field with other great Officers behinde aswell that they might drive from the Confines of Pomerania such of the Emperours Garrisons as yet remained there as likewise that they might endeavour to win Magdeburg and other Townes held by the Caesarians in the lower Saxony and he himselfe parted from Hall upon the River of Sall towards Erfurt the chiefe City of Thuringia This Province is seated between the Rivers Sall and Wesser by which it is much enriched 't is well peopled abounding in Corne Hay and many sorts of Beasts it bounds on the South side upon Franconia on the West upon the Landsgrave of Hessen his Country on the North it is covered with the Herecinian Wood
trampled upon them making it thereby be seen that the apprehension of death accompanies not valiant Souldiers to their grave But the Swedish Horse being by this time come in to second their Companions and the King supplying the fight with new Battaglions of Foot and the Imperialists being no lesse diligent on their sides the Battaile grew hotter then before one Battaglion fighting with another not onely with Muskets but with Pikes yea single Swords Whil'st on this side blowes were thus dealt about the Duke of Waymer appeared no lesse hardy on the other side nor the Imperialists lesse couragious for Levisteimes Steimbechs and Bristeimes Foot being advanced against Granas Fucari Holke and Prainers Regiments led on by Gallasse the hurley burley was no lesse violent on this side then on the right Flanke For the Swedish Foot giving on in close Rancks upon the Millers houses and the Ditch manfully made good by the Romanists and the Caesarian Cannon from the Wind-mills and the Swedish Cannon which were planted just against them playing reciprocally one upon another though the Imperialists shot playing upon the Swedes on the Flanke did them small hurt yet were they so withstood by Musquet shot and by the valour of the Austrian Commanders as Waymer seeing he was not able to effect his intended designe left Caleburgh Corlander and Theishansem for a Conduct to the Foot whilst he in the head of Corfilier and Franghels Regiment seconded by Vildesteimes Regiment of Foot facing about to that part which lyes betweene Lâ—â—zen and the Wind-mills fell upon the Imperialists on the flanke and so renewed the fight which grew so hot on all sides as nothing but clouds of smoake and lightnings of fire were to be discerned At this time when the victory though very bloudy appeared most on the Swedish side the King being advertised that Pappenheimes men began now to appeare and had already charged some of the light Horse of the Rear-guard surprised at this unexpected accident and madded to see so much time spent in passing the ditch Walestein had made which he thought not would have been of such use galloped to the Front of the Rear and having given the Commanders charge what orders they should keep in fighting with these fresh Forces of Pappenheim longing to know their state and condition though the Baron Offchercheim Lieutenant-generall of the Horse cryed out unto him more then once I beseech you Sir set not so small a value upon your owne life I beg it here of you in the midst of all your Army and do it for the common good of all your Souldiers and Servants leave the care of discovering the Enemies condition to me and to this Sword yet not weighing his words nor the supplications of the rest but spurring forward with some of his domesticke Servants and with the Regiment of Horse which was then his owne Guard having discryed the Enemy and being with some few advanced to discover them a certaine Troop of Horse of Piccolominies Regiment being sent before with other bands of Horse to hasten Pappenheimâ— to come and joine with them to discover the Country and learne the Swedes condition meeting with him who went in the head of his Regiment and at their very first discharging of their Pistols fortune would so have it as that one Bullet hit the King on the arme and another underneath the right shoulder wherewith falling from off his horse he forthwith dyed That this was the end of so brave a King no greater certaintie is knowne then from the mouth of a Page which was then with him there being at that time but onely two more with him who ran the same fortune as the King did for he was so far before the Squadron that followed him as that they could not see how the mischiefe happened The newes of this so great losse being presently noysed throughout the Army was likely to have bred some disorder but Waymer cloaking the businesse by suffering his body to lye in the Field and giving it out that he was not dead but that he was taken Prisoner and that it became his Souldiers to fight manfully that they might rescue him the Swedes were so exasperated thereby and the Commanders so incensed as not thinking any death more glorious then that wherein they should accompany their Lord Master They placed themselves in the heads of their Regiments Duke Waymer in particular placed himself in the head of the Blew Regiment recoÌ„mending the fight about the Wind-mils to Ruthen and Waisemberg advanced towards Pappenheim So likewise did all the other Commanders against Walesteines Squadrons who though they were with equall valour withstood by the Imperialists yet were the Imperialists thereby much indammaged Pappenheim who in the head of his Vangard flew upon the Swedes that were led on by Kniphausen in the beginning of the conflict was wounded with a Cannon-shot whereof he shortly after dy'd as he was carryed in a Coach towards Stalla to be cured The losse of this Commander was no lesse direfull to the Caesarian Campe then was the losse of the King to the Swedes wherefore Walesteine dispatched suddenly a Piemontesse Captaine to Major Generall Rinoch with order that he should charge with the Horse that was kept for reserve suddenly upon the Swedes who were in some confusion by reason of their Kings death which Waymer could not keep concealed The Piemontesse inquired of Rinoch how affaires went who answered very ill-favouredly for that Pappenheim had received his deaths wound and the Battell was lost which though he said it onely to him yet was it suddenly noysed abroad through the whole Campe who were thereat struck with feare So as Rinoch that he might not hazard his men but upon some ground and that he might see what the issue of the Battaile would be kept his station observing which way the fortue of the day would incline before he would further ingage himselfe and instead of falling upon the Enemy forbore further advancing which was a great cause of the Swedes safety for many of the Roman-Catholique Commanders and Souldiers being hereby cast downe and afraid they began to give back leaving the field to the Enemies Horse which desperatly pursued them Walesteine perceiving how his Souldiers ran towards Lutzen to save themselves fired the Towne aswell to obviat the disorder as for his farther security on that side and he himselfe came to the head of his men to make them fight again with threatning punishment and promising reward but it was impossible for him to make them stand such feare had Pappenheime's death infused into them and a rumour that said the Battaile is lost we are all undone Piccolominy seeing the confusion and facing the Enemy though he had tired foure horses and was now upon the fift and though his bloud ran downe through the wounds he had received and that he was desired by the other Commanders to retire himselfe to whom he answered that bloud shed upon such
by the French he had refused and how he had hazarded his estate and ventured his owne life for the most glorious house of Austria These conceptions being with efficacy urged by those imployed by his Excellency of Bavaria met not with any thing that withstood their making an impression in the hearts of those to whom they were imparted and for that the Interest of Princes is as apt to take â—ire as Tinder shadowes serving them for substances many Counsellours began to be distasted with Walesteines actions who formerly had viewed and looked upon them through such spectacles as doe falsiâ—y the object which now throwing aside they found what would be the sequell of his being thus proceeded withall for politicians looke still to be offended by him whom once they have offended and that they cannot preserve themselves from revenge but by reiterating their offence The Spaniards as those who are thought to be of a more refined judgement then others and who doe alwayes with wary advice bring about the ends tooke councell how to loosen the freedome of their Princes from bondage to tye his hands who plotted their prejudice and how to keep the Crowne of Bohemia upon their heads and seeing that the evill was sufficiently cankered and inveterate for that Walesteine had got to be so reputed of his Souldiers and had wone so much upon their affection and observancy as that they were not likely easily to forsake him whom they knew to be prodigall of his rewards to them and for that the greatest part of the Commanders had been by him preferred to their places of Command and were consequently his well wishers and would in all likelihood run the same fortune with him as likewise for that 't was generally thought that he had accumulated much riches all which presented themselves as objects of ruine to the eyes of those Counsellours they therefore saw it was expedient to bring violent remedies to this indisposition and began with all diligence to have an eye to his apparent infidelity But if the Condition of Germany were thus and these the proceedings of the Protestants and the Romanists each indeavouring to overthow the other and if nothing but Armes were talked of in every place and threatnings everywhere proclamed the like affairs began to bud up in Italy For Duke Crequi being then Embassadour extraordinary for the King of France at Rome where he had been ever since the preceding Iune staid there to draw the Pope to leane favourably to the King his Master and to make other agreements with the Princes of Italy And the Polach Embassadour extraordinary came likewise to Rome at this time sent thither by his King the pompe and magnificence of both which have been sufficiently set forth by able pens The Spaniards were much moved to see as they would publiquely say that pleasures and delights should make the consideration of what misery the world was in laid aside that many studyed nothing but pompe and vanity striving how they might exceed in apparrell dyet and other magnificencies and they as professing more zeale to Religion and as neerer neighbours to the Churches patrimony pretending to be of greater Authority with the Pope then any other potentates were not a little troubled and grieved that they should be so forward in spending their gold and bloud in ayd of Religion which was supprest whilst the Ecclesiastickes onely intending their owne quiet did not onely not trouble themselves with thinking how to assist the Emperour but were not any wayes carefull of those imminent evils which were threatned to Christendome by the proceedings of the Protestants they therefore resolved to try the Pope and to indeavour not onely to interest him on their behalfes in the present warre but likewise to make him give the King of France an admonishment for his assisting the Protestants against them They therefore chose the Bishop of Cordova and Signior Iohn de Chiamadser men of acute wisedome and profoundly politique who being come from Spaine to Rome and joyning with the Cardinals Spinola Cueva Borgia and the Marquesse of Chasteaw Roderigo the Spanish Embassadour in ordinary they joyntly agreed to be instant with his Holinesse that he would assist the Emperour with monies and to that purpose obteyned the tenth of all the Ecclesiasticke goods in Sicile Sardinia Portugall and other parts which was thought would amount to 500000 Crownes At this time dyed the Infanta Isabella Clara Eugenia at Brussels wherefore Flanders wanting a Prince of the Austrian blood to governe it the Infant who was yet at Milan was solicited to come thither This Princesse left this world in the 67th yeare of her Age and 33 of her Government she was a Lady of a Majesticall aspect affable and full of Curtesie her customes were religious even to admiration her actions devoute and her government most just Her losse was lamented by all Flanders but chiefly by the Inhabitants of Brussells for the Marquesse of Aytona having taken upon him the government and having by night stolne in many Spanish Souldiers â—â—to the Towne the Inhabitants tooke this his diffidence of them in such scorne as hatred supplying the place of loyalty the Flemish devotion to the Spaniards began to vanish apace and some novelty was likely to have happened had not their hopes of receiving the Infant into the Throne which they had so much reverenced moderated the violence of the popular desire and the passion which was conceived by the Nobility Aldringer this meane while leaving a Garrison in Miminghen and Kauffburen retired with the Duke of Feria towards Fussen upon the Confines of Swabenland towards Tiroll upon the Leech when Wert thinking to surprise Ollins his quarter a Swedish Colonell in a Village neer Straubing called Harthawsen went thither by night but finding the Swedes drawne forth of the Village into an advantagious place with their weapons in their hands he set fire on the Village and fearing to meet with a hard incounter for that the Allarme was already given round about he returned to his former station Whilst in Vienna and in other places the greatest policy that in wisedome could be found out was practised by faithfull Ministers of State for what concerned Walesteines actions Baudis who as hath been said was about Coln tooke in Bona and Ertfield Townes belonging to that Electorat and seated along the Rhyn begirt onely with single Wals and Ditches after the ancient manner which made them not fit to resist the Cannon and other moderne offensive inventions where afterwards by the interposition of the Holland Embassadour he treated with the Elector touching a Newtrality which tooke effect And Cronisfield being advertised that Waldeck a place from whence a ridge of Land takes it name which lyes between the Landsgrave of Hessens Country the Arch-Bishoprick of Paderborne and the Dukedome of Burgher in Westfalia along the Eder named the County of Waldeck was much opprest by the Swedes marched thitherwards for it was not fitting to permit the Protestants
much of their designes was annihilated and those of the State of Milan not a little troubled for that State wanting men and Provisions requisite for its defence might suddainly have beene set upon by the French who if they had done as they threatned doubtlessely the Dukedome would have beene in some danger of being lost since it failed of succour from Germany which was its principall stay from Naples and Spaine from whence by reason of their farre distance aide could not suddenly be had Signor Antonio Porres was therefore dispatcht away from Milan into Inspruch to solicite the comming of the Dutch to the succour of the Valteline Tiroll though much terrified with this neighbour hood of the French began to beat up her Drummes her Inhabitants ranne to her Confines breaking up the high-wayes and barricadoing them with great Logges of Timber covering themselves with Trenches and betooke themselves to defend their passages with as much diligence as the shortnesse of time would permit The Arch-Dutchesse of Inspruch commanded Fornemont Serjeant Major Generall who was then quartered with his men in Swabenland neere Chempton to passe over S. Maryes Mount and not onely to secure Tiroll but to regaine the places that had beene taken by the French and driving them out of the Valteline to succour the state of Milan and to him were joyned 1000 Foot who were payd by the Spanish Embassadour Fornemont with 4000 Foot and 400 Horse haâ—ted to Mount S. Mary which is a narrow Hill betweene exceeding high Mountaines upon the Confines of Tiroll and the Valteline very hard to be past over From thence he went to the Bathes of Bormio which is another narrow passage where Colonell Pracher was with 1400 Foot and setting couragiously thereupon he made such worke as though he were valiantly withstood by the Grisons and that Monsieur De Landes Regiment and two other Companies of Horse came in to succour yet Pracher knowing the place to be too weake to resist the grosse body of the Dutch which advanced and fearing to be driven out resolved to quit the place and to retreat to Bormio and did so with the losse of about 70 of his men And from thence keeping alwayes on the left hand of Ada he past over Tridolfe a River which issueth out of Valfurba and got to Tirano one of the greatest Townes of the said Valley on this side of the Ada over against the Valley Puschiavo and there refreshing his wearied men Lande not thinking himselfe strong enough to make head against the Imperialists for that the greatest part of the French were in the Countrey of Chiavena with the Duke of Rohan he resolved to get into the Valley of Puschiavo and there to expect succour from Rohan Fornemont making use of the occasion the French-mens retreat afforded him advanced towards Tirano and meeting with no encounter past on to Brus from thence as farre as the little Lake of Puschiavo from whence likewise the French dislodged and withdrew themselves towards the Countie of Chiavena And fearing lest the Duke of Rohan might come in to the succour of the French he writ to Serbellone who was upon the Frontiers of Comasco that making use of this propitious occasion he should set upon the places held by the French on that side that he might divert Rohan from bringing succour to the other side But Fornemont not having given in his Letters his due Titles to Serbellone as it was said and thereupon some distastes growing betweene them Fornemont not well satisfied retired by the Valley of Pedenazza into that of Lenia and leaving his Forces there went to Croren a Towne in the Valley of Venesta Rohan this mean while being advertised by his Spies of the Austrians proceedings went on the 12th of Iuly with the greatest Forces he could on such a sudden get together and not leave the most important places unguarded from the Countie of Chiavena unexpectedly advanced into the Vally of Levin where the Dutch were more then satisfied with their coÌ„modious quarters not fearing any Enemy But being set upon by the wonted fury of the French and not having their Generall with them after having made some confused defence they made use of the benefit which a little Rivolet falling from the Mountaines afforded them and ran away and in this their disordered retreat lost in such as were slain and taken about 700 Foot This businesse being done and Rohan perceiving there was no meanes of subsisting in that Valley for want of Victualls he returned to Puschiavo and for the refreshing of his men as likewise to regaine the places that were lost at Bormio he went to Tirano The Spaniards were no lesse amazed at this rout then at Crequi's passing over the Mountaines with a French Army for they probably fore-saw by the avenues of the Valteline being shut up from receiving any succour from the Dutch by Montferrats and Piemonts being full of Souldiers by the Duke of Parma's diffidency and his high fancies against the state of Milan and by the state of Venice her being armed upon her Frontiers that if they should be set upon in these straights not being above 8000 Foot and 2000 Horse they should runne danger of receiving a great blow Notwithstanding behaving themselves discreetly and having received some recruits from Spaine 700 Neopolitan Horse and some other Foot being landed at Vado they seemed to be a little comforted amidst their pressing troubles But because all their â—opes in these present emergencies lay in the Duke of Savoy who if he should declare himselfe for them they might easily evade the evills that over-hung them the Spaniards did againe renew their negotiations with the Duke of Savoy by the interposition of Duke D'Alvito and others to whom they greatly complained of what had beene lately done by the French contrary to the agreement made at Montsona and Ratisbon That therefore his Catholique Majestie was to take up Armes in his owne defence with whom they desired his Highnesse to joyne in league for the common safetie or that if it stood not with his conveniency to declare himselfe openly their friend he would at least be Neuter without any prejudice to the Territories of their King But the Duke who found himselfe begirt on all sides with the French and who to the instant desires made unto him by the Embassadour Bellieure had new propositions put unto him by Crequi's selfe so as he could not follow the Spaniards advise without provoking the displeasure of the most Christian King and draw the Warre upon himselfe made such an answer as shewed how much he was displeased to find himselfe in such a condition as that he could not adhere to their desires affirming that the reason of State and the experience of past-examples fore-warned him from drawing so great and dangerous a Warre upon himselfe And that therefore he was first to see what resolutions the Pope and other Potentates of Italy would put on each of which was interessed in the