of your right foot with the Stocke towards you your right hand holding it somewhat more than halfe way towards the mouth you stand with a full body boult upright with the Musquet in the same manner by your right side 53 Lay down your Musquet Rest. Match This Posture is performed by stepping forwards with your right foot your selfe and Peece standing as in the precedent Posture then declining with your body you lay it downe gently with the mouth in a right line from you and and the locke upwards after the same manner also your Rest and Match is to be disposed of 54 Take off 55 Lay down your Bandeliers After your hands are free from your Musquet Match and Rest you may with your left hand take off your Hat which may hinder you and with your right hand neatly convey them over your head and so as before lay them downe along by the side of your Musquet but so as the Match may not fire them 56 March from your Armes This is principally used to make the Souldiers apt and ready to finde their owne places againe and to be quicke in re-arming themselves upon a suddaine Allarme The Sentinell Posture is no otherwise then having your Musquet rested primed and charged with powder and Bullet for your better ease and readinesse to give fire upon the Enemy to make an Allarme you stand at that Posture with the But end of your Musquet at your right huckle bone with a light match cockt the mouth of the Peece somewhat mounting and your hand grasping the Stocke with your finger upon the Seare And this shall suffice for the Postures of the Musquet onely you are to draw your Files into an even body againe fit to joyne with the Body of Pikes CHAP. LXXVII How aâ— Officer is to 〈◊〉 himselfe in the 〈◊〉 of the Pikes and 〈…〉 Souldier â—s to imitate him punctually from Posture to Posture THe Officer having disposed his Piâ—â—emen as before is shewed and standing in the midst of the Ring with a Pike in his hand after he hath â—â—â—â—â—â—ded silence and being presupposed that the Souldiers stand with their Pikes advanc'd The Officer commands them to Order your Pikes This Posture is performed the Pike being advanc'd by drawing in your left heele towards the small of your right foot and at the same instant raising your left hand as farre as you can indifferently stretch it you graspe the Pike in it towards the top of your head then loosening your right hand which holds the But end of the Pike and withall sinking your left hand with the Pike in it as low as your skirts you againe raise up your right hand and guiding the Pike with your left you place the But end of it by the out-side of your right foot your right hand holding it even with your eye and your thumbe right up then removing your legge to his former station your left arme being set a kimbo by your side you shall stand with a full body in a comely Posture Advance your Pikes The Pike being ordered as in the former Posture is shewed without changing of your hold you must with your right hand lift the Pike a little from the ground and taking it suddainly againe with the left hand towards the 〈◊〉 end leaving so much length below as you can afterwards reach well with the right hand where it is stayed in the fist at the full length of the arme hanging right downewards your fore-finger and thumbe close at the But end resting it close to your thigh and bearing against the shoulder close to your breast causeth it to stand firme and upright without wavering Shoulder your Pike This Posture may be performed eyther when the Pike is advanc'd or ordered If advanc'd then your left hand is to be brought about to your right side and being stretcht upwards you are to take hold of the Pike towards the top of your head then loosening your right hand which holds the But end the left hand sinkes the Pike downewards sloping in a right line forwarns so that the right hand receiving the second hold as high as it can conveniently reach and graspes the Pike with the thumbe long-wayes upon the Pike and underneath it Then your left hand leaving its former hold immediately graspes the Pike just below your right hand and so both hands being joyned together they gently conveyes it unto the right shoulder leaving the right fist close prest to the Plate bone thereof with your right elbow close downe by your side and your left elbow set a kimbo you stand with an upright full body Note that in acting this Posture your feet are not to bee removed eyther backwards or forwards but occasionally side-wayes as the hands are imployed in the executing this Posture some never stirre any foot at all I leave it as a thing indifferent Levell your Pikes This is performed the Pike being shouldered by bringing your left hand to the Pike and grasping it close under your right hand and withall at the same instant drawing in your left heele towards the 〈◊〉 of your right foot then with an even motion of both your hands you are to raise the butte end of your Pike untill it lyes levell upon your shoulder then returning your hand and foot to their due places you shall stand in a faiâ—â— Posture This may bee performed without moving the foot but then it hath not the like grace with it Slope your Pikes This Posture is performed in the same kind the former was only the hands presseth downe the butte end of the Pike within halfe a foote of the ground which causeth it to lye right sloping Charge your Pikes to the Front This Posture may be performed either when the Pike is advanced or shouldered wherealso you must further observe whether it be to be acted standing or Marching If so be your Pike bee advanced and you are to act this Posture standing Then you must only slip backe your right hand and your right foote a good stride placing your foote side-wayes from your body Then with your left hand you are to receive the Pike about a yard from the butte end holding your elbow in an even distance from your body with your hand close to your breast so that the Pike may have the more freedome to play forwards and backwards just breast-high of a man your left knee being bent for wards and your body yeelding towards the point of the Speare so as you may not easily be thrust back by the Enemy If your Pike be shouldered then you must receive the Pike in your left hand a pretty reach downewards tâ—wards the butte end of the same at the same instant you are to raise the Pike with your right hand from your shoulder and with your left hand draw in the butt end of the same towards the outside of your right thigh then slipping backe your right foote and hand you receive the butt-end of it you charge it as before
is shewed If this Posture be to be performed Marching your Pike being shouldred then first steppe forwards with your right foote and let your left hand receive the Pike and equall distance from your right hand towards the butt-end of the same raising your Pike forwards with your right hand from your shoulder then at the same instant step forwards with your left foot and receive the butt-end of the Pike with your right hand just behind the side of your right thigh But to performe this Posture â—rooping and your Pike advanced then you are only to step forwards with your left foot and with a little shogge of the shoulder and drawing backe the butt-end of your Pike in your right hand will cause the Pike to fall forwards where your left hand is at the instant to be ready to receive it betweene the Thumbe and the forefingers at a convenient distance Charge to the Horse Note in charging to the Horse it hath beene in former ages used to place the but-end of your Pike in the ground by the inside of your right foot and so to draw your Sword over your left arme and divers Rankes of Musquetiers plac'd to shoot over their heads behind them No question it is a very good way for your bow-Bow-pikes but the former charging is most in use Charge to the Reare You may by the precedent Posture conceive how to charge your Pike either to the right or left hand But for the charging to the Reare the Pikes being either shouldered or advanced is somewhat difficult Therefore you may please to observe that if the Pike bee advanced you must with your left hand take it in his proper place up towards your head then suddenly turning your body about towards your left hand and being faced about you are to thrust backe your right hand with the butt-end of the Pike in it and withall your right leg is to be set out with it this will bring you into the right Posture But if your Pike be shouldered and you are to charge to the Reare then you must take the Pike in your left hand a good distance from your right hand towards the butt-end and at the same instant with your right hand raise the Pike from your shoulder as high above your head towards your left side as possibly you may then standing firme with your left legge you are to bring about your right side and legge towards the left hand about and being halfe turned you are to let loose your right hand and with your left hand you are somewhat to advance the point of the Pike forwards so that the butt-end may bee drawne backe by your right side for your right hand to receive it your right foot also at the very instant being stept backe makes you stand fully charged Port your Pikes This Posture is performed by holding the Pike a halfe distance betweene advancing and charging and was only invented to case the hind most Rankes from the intollerable labour of continuall charging and to secure the Pikes from the Bullets which would have more power to breake them if they hold them advanc'd Besides it is the most aptest and comliest Posture for a Company to use in marching thorow a Port or Gate and most readiest for to charge upon a sudden Checke your Pike This Posture is to be performed at three Motions First if your Pike be shouldered you are to raise it with your right hand from your shoulder and with a ticke of your left hand you are to convey the butt-end of it by your right side then thrusting backe your right with the Pike in it so farre as conveniently may be you are to take a fathom with your left hand as farre towards the Speare end of the Pike as possibly you may then conveying the Pike in your left hand baackward as before you are againe with your right hand to take another fathome within a foot of your Pikes end Lastly stepping forwards with your left foote you bring your left hand withall which receives the Pike within a quarter of a foot of the Speares end Provided alwayes that in all the motions of the hands you suffer not the butt-end to touch the ground untill you have checkt it with your left hand Pikes as you were Trayle your Pikes This Posture is performed after you have used the Circumstances in checking as in the precedent Posture is shewed by bringing up your Right foot even with your left and by removing your right hand just before your left close to the end of the Pike then you are to withdraw your left hand and place it a-kimbo by your side and your right hand will hold the end of the Speare just above your right huckle-bone with your body standing full forwards Pikes as you were Lay downe your Pikes This Posture is to bee performed your Pike being advanced by stepping forwards with your right foot then your right shoulder with a small bearing forwards and with it a little jogge causeth the Pike to meet the left hand which gently conveyes the Speares end to the ground then turning about your right arme in a kind of Circle will cause the backe of your hand to bee next the outside of your right Thigh then leaning your body forwards you convey the butt-end to the ground close at the side of your right foot so as the Pike will lye in an even line from your foot forwards Recover your Pikes and charge This Posture is performed your feet standing even together only owing your body forwards you cause the backe of your right hand to bee put downe close by the out-side of your right foot then in the raising of the butt-end of your Pike you turne your hand with the Pike in it so that the inside of your hand will bee towards your right side Then your left hand in the raising taketh the Pike at a convenient place or distance and elevates it either to the Posture of charging or ordering as the Officer shall please to command The word of Command which the Officer is to use for the reducing of these Postures to their first station is Pikes as you were There are divers other Postures which I doe here omit referring you to the booke of Militarie discipline Composed by that worthy Gentleman Master William Barrife Lieutenant to the Artillery Garden who hath merited much honour in performing so Noble a worke in a most concise and exquisite way for the which our Kingdome is much bound to him CHAP. LXXVIII How the Commanders shall draw their Files both of Musquetiers and Pikes and joyne them in one body fit to be exercised in grosse YOu have seene every Souldier performe his Postures well then you must draw out the File-leader of the Right-hand-file with his whole File Commanding every File-leader successively to draw up his File either of other And being drawne into a body command them to advance their Pikes In the meane time the Lieutenant or some other Officer
so little as you will have him Likewise to make him keepe his head alwayes towards the Enemie being in fight at single duell you must make him goe sidewayes with his hinde part onely and his fore part stand party steady to performe this you must turne your bridle hand somewhat on that side you touch him likewise you must helpe him with your rod by striking him therewith on the contrary flanke behinde Further take notice the carriage of your Horses head is a matter of no small consequence his forehead being the strongest part of his head his snought or mussell the weakest and tendrest the more he thrusteth out his mussell the more he distendeth his backe and beareth the lesse force in his actions and it is impossible hee should ever make good Manage observe time keepe order or continue in breath any space of time together whereas by bringing in his mussell and extending his forehead he uniteth his force together and gathereth his strength in his backe whereby he becommeth more nimble in his actions Secondly he shall see his way the better and be in lesse danger of falling in running and if he should chance to fall he is the abler to rise speedily Thirdly in his performances against an enemie he shall be able to execute or suffer more with his forehead than can be expected from his Mussell being the tendrest part of him Fourthly he cannot be so apt to be urged right forwards upon a sudden as otherwise he might doe Lastly the Horse that Raynes well and bringeth in his head shall alwayes bee better stayed both of head and necke and have a better mouth than otherwise Wherefore if your horse will not bring in his head at any time when you stop him with your bridle hand then holding your hand still at that stay correct him sometimes with your right Spurre and sometime with your left and sometimes with both your spurres at once and at the selfe same instant thrust him with your right hand upon the necke towards his eares to force him to bring in his head but if he will not yeeld with that then by pulling your bridle towards you cause him to goe backe some three paces and then to returne faire and softly to his first place this being put in action divers times together and every time he thrusteth out his nose correct him as before is shewed Moreover if your horse by wresty so as he cannot be put forwards then let one take a Cat tyed by the tayle to a long pole and when he goes backewards thrust the Cat towards his stones where she may claw him and forget not to threaten your horse with a terrible Noyse or otherwise take a Hedgehog and tye him streight by one of his feete to the inside of the horses tayle so that he may squeake and pricke him Likewise if your horse be fearefull and shie so that he is afrayd of every thing he sees you must take heede that in no wise you correct him for it least he should take the thing he beholdeth and shunneth to be the cause of his chastisements and so become more fearefull than before but rather stay a while and doe not force him forwards but by gentle meanes make him by little and little aproach neere the thing he feares which if he performes cherish him with your speech and hand and you shall set by standing still sometimes to looke on it and sometimes by going towards the object he feares he will be so acquainted therewith as he will not feare it and when he commeth at it let him gaze and smell on it a good while to the intent he may be more assured thereof Further to embolden your horse to make him hardy in the warres you must use to incounter upon a soft pace or trot with another horse man face to face in one path but beware they dosâ—e not one the other but rather let the adverse horse bee compelled backe a few steps which will harty the other or if you please you may incounter one with the other riding in two sundry pathes the one comming cheeke by cheeke within a foote of the other the pathes being both of a just length each of them containing about tenne paces to the intent in managing your horse too and fro upon a trot you comming one towards another from two contrary ends may both meete right in the midst of your course passing one by another which you cannot chuse but doe if you keepe true time as well in their trotting as in their â—urning also not forgetting upon what hand soever the one turneth the other must doe the same and in the selfe same instant Moreover when you trot the Ring you may embolden your horse by entring both together into the Right Ring then turning your horse tayle to tayle follow you the right hand and let him follow the left in the same Ring the ring path being so inlarged that at your meeting in ryding it about you may not touch one the other Having ridden thus about twise you may enter the left ring and doe as before was shewed CHAP. CVI. How to make a Horse endure Pike Sword Gunshot Drumme and the like IN this Chapter we are to deale with the difficultest matter of all and that is now to make a Horse abide Pike Gunshot Sword Drumme and the clattering of Armour or to runne upon any hazard to performe this you must acquaint him throughly with the rod or truntion so as he may not feare it sometimes coying him therewith upon the Necke and by holding the point right forth by his eye or betwixt his eares so as it may bee alwayes in his sight and being throughly assured of the rod then appoint a foote man having a staffe in his hand or pike to stand in your way as you should passe and as you aproach let the footeman by little and little make signes seeming to strike your horse upon the head then encourage your horse to goe on towards the footeman who at the same instant must retreate backe as if he would flee in doing this you shall much imbolden him Likewise to make him abide the sword a footeman must performe it in the same manner as he did with the Pike but be ware he strikes him not After this cause half a dozen footemen or more to stand in his way making a greâ—t shouting and noyse threatning him with their loude voyces against whom you must incourage him to goe forwards first with a soft pace secondly with a trot thirdly with a gallop at which time let the footemen retreate fayning to runne away also let them threaten them with their staves Pikes or swords To make him dure Gunshot Drumme or clattering of Armour or any hideous noyse whatsoever let your horse goe hard by another horse or rather betwixt two other horses that are accustomed to the like noyse and are not afrayd and as you ride together cause
as the string will permit you shall easily receive it and so with a full Body stand poysed 30. Ioyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet The Posture is performed after the Musquet is poyzed by drawing in your left heele towards the small of your right foot your left hand holding the Rest close by the forke and your thumbe pressing the end of the forke close you bring it to the Musquet then joyning the Rest to the out-side of the Musquet and locking them fixe together by pressing the lower side of the forke with your thumbe the Peece lyes firme in your left hand in one even ballance your right hand being at freedome and your left legge set out againe 31 Draw forth your Match This posture is performed by drawing in the right heele to the small of the left foot at the same instant bringing your right hand with a kinde of circumference towards your left you are to take the Match betwixt the thumbe and second finger then holding it out towards your right side at the same instant you are to set out your right legge againe your Musquet being held in a due height 32 Blow your Cole Having taken the Match from between the little finger and the third finger of the left hand betwixt the thumbe and second finger of the right hand within an inch of the coale of it then bringing it towards your mouth turning your head towards your right side stooping very little you gently blow it your right legge being let out forwards 33 Cock 34 Fit Your Match Having blowne your Match as aforesayd you are to bring it with a little circumference to the Cocke and are to fit it into the same with your thumbe and finger not screwing it in having before directed the widenesse of the Cocke to the thicknesse of the Match your left legge being set forwards with the knee somewhat bending out 35 Guard your Pan. Having tryed and governed the Match with your thumbe and second finger to the end you may set it higher lower shorter or longer and your left heele being drawn towards the small of your right foot you are gently to lay the two fore fingers of the right hand full upon the Pan to defend the Powder from the sparkles of the Match 36 Blow the ashes from your Cole Having guarded your Pan as aforesayd and your left heele being drawne towards the small of your right foote you are gently to raise the Peece up towards your mouth and without stooping blow off the ashes from your Cole 37 Open your Pan. Having blown off the ashes from the Cole standing in the same posture as aforesayd you are at the same instant handsomely with your middle finger to shove aside the Pan lid and removing your left legge forwards with the knee bending out 38 Present upon your Rest. Your left leg being set out as aforesayd and your right hand having graspt the Musquet with your thumbe in the small of the Stocke and your middle finger plac't against the tricker then having plac'd the Musquet in the Rest the mouth of it being kept at a reasonable height and the lower end of your Rest being set forwards the Butt end of your Peece will be plac'd full upon your right breast then setting your right legge somewhat out side-wayes standing with a full body towards the mouth of your Peeece you shall bee ready to give fire 39 Give fire breast high Having as before is shewed presented well viz holding the Musquet and the Rest in the left hand bearing the right Arme or elbowe somewhat up and turning a little the body to the left side the left knee bowed and the right legge straight and not laying your cheeke to the Stocke before you shall set the Musquet to your breast then taking your ayme breast high without starting or winking you are gently to pull downe the tricker and so give fire with a full body upon the Enemy 40 Dismounte your Musquet joyning your Rest to the outside of your Musquet You having discharged must pull in your right legge a little then thrusting your Musquet a little forwards you shall joyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet holding it in an even ballance in your left hand not forgetting to hold the mouth up especially if it hath not gone off for feare of hurting any man 41 Vncocke and returne your Match Your right heele being drawne towards the small of your left foote you are to bring about your right hand in a comely manner and with your thumbe and second finger pull the Match out of the Cocke and returne it betweene the two last fingers of the left hand 42 Cleere 43 Shut your Pan. You standing in the same posture as before after you have returned your Match you are with the thumbe of your right hand to run the Pan and cleare it that no sparkles may remaine then with your fore-finger you are to thrust the cover of the Pan close after you have blowne off the sparkles 44 Poize 45 Shoulder your Musquet After you have cleared and shut your Pan you must graspe your Musquet with your right hand close by the britch-pin as in the second Posture is shewed then raising the Musquet with your left hand you poize it up holding the mouth of it right upwards your right arme being stretched out your rest remaining in your left hand likewise extended then drawing your right heele to the small of your left foote at the very instant your right hand brings the Musquet to your left shoulder your left hand with the Rest in it being ready the same moment to embrace it at the butt end the Seare being thrust close to your shoulder then removing your right legge againe to his former station you stand upright with a full body 46 Take the Match betweene the fingers of the right hand To performe this view the posture before described at the figure 5. onely the Match is to bee placed betweene your fingers of your right hand as before it was in the left 47 Take your Rest into your right hand clearing your string from your wrist This is to be performed first by drawing in your right heele to the small of your left foote and withall bringing your right hand to your left you receive the Rest clearing your left wrist from the string 48 Returne your Rest into your left hand the String loose This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 47 in reverse 49 Return your Match into your left hand This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 5. 50 Vnshoulder your Musquet and Poize This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 8. 51 Rest your Musquet This is likewise performed as is shewed in the former Posture at the Figure 1. 52 Set the But end of your Musquet upon the ground You are to dismount your Musquet off the Rest then placing the But end of it upon the ground close by the outside
by way of Counter-march and is an oblique firing for whereas in the other firing by Rankes in the Diamond Battell each Ranke fired by increase of two beginning with one and ending with 15. 17. or 21 c. according to the quantitie of your Souldiers in a Ranke this second kind of firing contrary wise may beginne with 15. 17. or 21 c. and end with one still decreasing two and to performe this firing your Files must be at open order because the Musquetiers must Counter-march downe betweene the Intervals of their owne Files to the right every Musquetiere that findes him-himselfe without a Leader being to present and give fire and then to Counter-march to the right and to place himselfe in the Reere of his owne File behind the Pikes when the first Ranke if it consists but of 15. have given fire then the next Ranke of 13. is to present give fire and Counter-march still placing themselves in the Reere of their owne files next there fireth 11. then 9 c. And in this manner of firing they that fire together stand neither in Ranke nor File but obliquely when all the shot have fired and are Counter-marcht into the Reere of their owne Files then the Rankes will become two and two of a number Your men standing in the forme before described if you please you may produce another forme by facing them all to the Reere then command your Musquetiers to march ten or twelve paces your Pikes to stand and your Musquetiers will make resemblance of a hollow wedge and your Piks of a sollid wedge Lastly to reduce all these severall formes into the first proper square battell first let the sollid wedge close forwards into the hollow of the other then let the shot make ready present and give fire as before viz. every Musquetiere that findes himselfe without a Leader is to give fire and Counter-march to the Reere of his owne File and the rest doing the like successively when they have all fired and are all Counter-marcht cleare let the Pikes charge and then the body of your Battallia will have the forme of a Diamond againe Next face them all to the Reere and command the Rankes to file 8. c. to the right which being done passe the shot through which belongs to the left flanke into their places and close the Musquetiers to the right Flanke to their due distance and then they will stand in their proper reducement Wheele your Flankes into the front and face the body to one of the flanks and wheele your battell into a Convex halfe Moone The manner and use of the severall wayes of firing belonging to this forme of the Convex half Moone or semi-circuler Battell is a forme which our Schoolemaster in the rudiments Julius Casar did highly esteeme of it makes shew but of a few Souldiers in regard of the rotunditie of it yet being drawne out in Length it makes a very long Front it may be for the Landing of Souldiers in the enemies country or being secured in the Reere with Rivers Bogges Ditches or the like it hath beene accounted very prevalent to be opposed against an Armie of greater power It may be framed either with the shot outermost or innermost or lined If your battell be in forme of a Hearse then wheele them to the right and left about untill they have attained this forme of a Semicircle but if in a square then you must make use of those words of command plac'd in the Margent which will produce this Convex forme Having brought your Souldiers into this Semicircle you may face them all inwards the better to heare such speeches or orations as shall be by the Commander delivered unto them but for to receive a charge from the enemy you must face them outwards there must be certaine intervalls or distances betwixt each division for the shot to wheele off and march downe in The outmost Arch or first ranke of each division is to present and give fire those of the right Flanke wheeling off to the right and the left Flanke to the left placing themselves in the Reere of their owne divisions of Musquetiers still making good their Leaders ground the rest of the Rankes are to doe the same until they have all given fire Never the lesse if the enemies horse should bee too potent then let them give fire by division as is shewed before passing quite through their intervalls and placing themselves in the Reere of the Pikes every ranke is to make good his Leaders ground Thus also are the rest of the Musquitiers to give fire placing themselves in the concave part of the body as aforesaid following the Pikes which now makes good the Musquetiers ground the Pikes may eyther charge over hand or upon occasion at the foote drawing forth their Swords over their left arme and couching downe their heads by which meanes the Musquitiers may play over their shoulders for the first ranke having fired may kneele downe and charge againe and so the second ranke may give fire and kneele in like sort making ready againe and so all the rest untill the first ranke riseth up with the rest and give fire over againe So the skirmish may be continued the Pikes still opposing the Horse Pikes stand Musquetiers face to the reere and march until your are cleere of your body of Pikes Then face inwards and close your division then face to your Leader and double your Rankes For the reducement of this forme and to bring every Man to his place Let your shot either by firing or passing through be brought into the place they were in before they first gave fire then face the whole body to one of the flankes and march them untill they have evened their Rankes and straitned their Files this done then if all your Pikes be upon the right flanke wheele your right flanke into the midst if on the left flanke wheele Front and Reere into the left flanke This being preformed the Commander must passe to his proper file-Leaders and face the whole body to him and they will be in their first forme This way of firing by extraduction is also a firing in Front it is of singuler good use in a Strait or narrow passage where the wings and Reere may be secured from the fury of the Enemies Horse you must fill the mouth of the Passage with your Pikes and if the length of your Company be not sufficient to doe it then double your Rankes and your Pikes being charged Your Musquetiers being in the Reere are to march up into the Front and give fire as in the next place shal be demonstrated onely first by the way observe the words of directions placed in the Margent which produceth this forme The battel being ordred as a foresaid Let the first Ranke of Musquetiers which are those that followes next after the Pikes face to the right and march forth File-wise up close by the right flanke of Pikes untill he that is
roofe of the mouth and likewise the lippes with a kinde of Chirrupping doth much put a horse forwards in a gentle straine The Rod is a very necessary instrument if used aright viz. not to correct your Horse with it out of season but onely at the very instant he erreth for there is no such way as a good wand well labored upon a stubborne horse that is wresty The Bridle governes a Horse as the Helme doth the Ship and it is the principall instrument about him to bring him in subjection and to fit him for service wherefore divers things in it are considerable as the fashion of the bit sutable to the tendernesse of his mouth the Musrowle the Cheekes kurbles ports treaches and such like bitts according to the discretion of the Rider He most likewise know when to ride his Horse with a Bitte then with what manner of Bitte and how to use it at first putting on and in what part of his mouth it must rest Likewise how to hold the Raynes when even together and when one shorter than another and what measure he shall keepe with his hand in bearing hard or loose high or low when to use the false Raynes or Musrowle and when to leave them when and how to correct him with the Bridle and when to helpe him Many men spoile their Horse at first by using to sharpe a Bitte wherefore the safest way is to take a plaine Cannon with right cheekes and that hath beene formerly used placing it a little above his great teeth annointing it with a little honey mixt with salt which will make him leane to it and delight in it the better The Raynes you must hold in your left hand so as your little finger and Ring finger be betwixt the two Raynes and your thumbe may lye close upon the Raynes with the brane thereof turned towards the sadles pummell being destitute of a Rodde take the overplusse that hangeth downe by the middest in your right hand holding just by your right thigh In bearing your bridle you must observe three severall wayes first by bearing the Raynes low beneath the pummell of the saddle even with the witherâ— which is a ready way to correct him Secondly bearing your hand heigher towards the middest of the pommell thâ—â— maintaines him Thirdly bearing him just above the Pommell that is used in managing him to beare the hand higher is by sundry Authors disallowed first in regard it weâ—â—ieth the arme secondly if neede require you have not so much power to stoppe your Horse when you would Thirdly being upon Service in the field against your enemy the bearing of your hand so high would be a trouble unto your defence and a commodity to your enemie for thereby he may easily cut your Raynes in sunder Lastly you can have no steady hand upon your horse for any continnance by meanes whereof he can never rayne well nor port his head steedy unlesse you beare your hand low remembring when you turne your horse neither to draw your armes nor hands more on the one side than the other but keepe it even with the horses crest and onely to turne your fist a little inward or outwards to signifie unto him what hand you would have him turne unto for the helpe of the caulfe and heele in riding the Ring you must consider divers Circumstances as first a single stroake of the contrary legge to the side you intend to turne upon as for example if you would have him turne on the right side then you must touch him with your left legge if on the left hand then with your right legge Secondly a double stroake striking him with both your legges together with an even stroake and this is to make him thrust forwards Thirdly the closing stroake as for example when you would have your horse close his turne well as namely to the right hand then in his turning touch him with your left legge in the spurring place and with your right legge immediatly after more backwards towards his flanke Fourthly to strike with both heeles one after the other foure or five times serves for a correction when your horse transgresseth The use of the Stirâ—op availeth much in helping a young horse in his beginning for if he carries his head or necke a wry or hang on one side more than another by striking him with the Stirrop under the shoulder on the contrary side will cause him to amend his fault The use of the Spurre is to helpe when the horse hath beene first backt halfe a score times and when you first use them let it be in a new fallow field which lyes upon stetches and then tro the Ring and when you put spurres to him forget not to helpe him with your voyce or lippes How and when to use the spurre you may observe what is before spoken of the calfe and heele CHAP. CIV Further Instructions concerning the ordering and riding of a Horse for Service with the use of the Ring NOw let us proceede further to the instructing of horses and fitting them for the imployment of warre wherein the Rider must use great diligence in making him tread loftily to keepe one path and to trot cleane which is one of the chiefest points then to goe softly to runne or to gallope Secondly you must teach him to be light at stoppe Thirdly to advance or rise up with his fore legges Fourthly to turne readily upon both hands with single turne or double turne Fiftly to make a sure and ready mannage Sixthly to passe a swift carriere for which purpose you must take a new fallowed land with deepe forrowes to make him lift up his feete then trotting him right out about the length of a hundred paces crosse the Ridges then ride him a good way up one of the furrowes in such part of the land as will admitte space enough Then beginne to turne on the right hand making him easily treade out a round circle twise together containing twenty five or thirty paces and being come about at the second time to the place you began then tread out the like circle Ring on the left hand after twise going about it then beginne againe on the right hand and so shift from Ring to Ring treading each of them twice about untill you have gone about the left Ring foure times and the right Ring sixe times this being performed trot him right out in the same furrow where he began first the length of thirty paces And then pulling in your Bridle hand stoppe him and stay a pretty while together causing him to stand still keeping his head and body right in the furrow this being performed then turne him softly on the right hand and being come round againe in to the same path trot him backe againe into the place from whence first he came then alight off his backe coying and encouraging him this you must performe eight dayes
Captaine to performe it shall prove very convenient to take some extraordinary paines in making every File-Leaders most perfect in their Postures and Motions and then every particular File-Leader shall teach and instruct the residue of his File in the same manner from whence will arise such an emulation betweene each File who shall be most expert and make the best performances that in a short space they will transcend in their Millitary discipline These things being thus performed and the Troope drawne in Battallia as beforâ— is deciphered then the Commander at his ease and pleasure may exercise them in grosse in this Subsequent forme CHAP. CXVI The Description of the Postures for the Cavalry which every Officer is to teach his Souldiers before they can be fit for Service FOrmerly I have shewed you how to backe your Horse to use his Raines to ride him in the best and aprovedst way for Service now it remaines before you exercise them in their Motions to shew them first their postures and premising that a Horseman cannot fit himselfe for exercise or to execute any Service unlesse he be first mounted on horsebacke compleately armed as formerly is taught therefore I will omit those things and begin with the first posture according to the Netherlandish rules the words of command follow viz. 1. Vncap your Pistols This posture is performed by turning downe the Caps of the Pistoll cases with your right hand 2. Draw forth your Pistoll You are to draw your Pistoll out of the case with your right hand the left Pistoll first in regard it is most trouble some for the right hand to draw and at first there is most time to performe it being drawne mount the Muzzell of it 3. Order your Pistoll You are to sinke your Pistoll into your Bridle hand and instantly remove your right hand towards the midst of it and then rest the But end upon the right thigh 4. Span your Pistoll This is performed by sinking the Pistoll into his Bridle hand and taking the Spanner in his right hand to put it upon the Axeltree and winding about the wheele till it sticke and then to returne the Spanner to his place which most usually'st hanges about their neckes in a silken string or plac't in the case 5. Prime your Pan. Your Pistoll being held in your Bridle hand not farre above the locke you are to take your priming boxe in your right hand and pressing the spring with your fore finger to open the boxe to put powder into the Pan. 6 Shut your Pan. You are to presse in your Pan pin with your right thumbe whereby it will easily close 7. Cast about your Pistoll You are to assume the Pistoll in your bridle hand and casting it about against the left side erecting the mouth of it 8. Gage your Flaske You are to take the flaske into your right hand and with your fore finger pull backe the Spring and turning the Mouth of the Flaske downeward you are to let goe the Spring 9. Lade your Pistoll Having gaged your Flaske as in the former posture you are to presse downe the Spring which openeth the Flaske with your fore finger then placing the mouth of it in your Pistoll give it a shogge to cause the powder to proceed 10. Draw out your Rammer You are to draw out your Gunsticke with your right hand turned and to shorten the great end of it against your brest whereby you may the easier put it to the mouth of your peece for to ramme it 11. Lade with Bullet and Ramme home Holding your Rammer head in your right hand as before you are to take the Bullet out of your mouth with your Thumbe and fore finger and so put it into the mouth of the Pistoll and immediately ramme it home 12. Returne your Rammer You are to draw forth your Rammer with your right hand turned and shortning it against your brest as before returne it to it's place 13. Pull downe your Cocke You are to bring backe the Pistoll with your Bridle hand towards your right side and placing the Butt end upon your right thigh you may pull downe the Cocke 14. Recover your Pistoll You are to take your Pistoll in his due place with your right hand bearing up the Muzzell 15. Present and give fire Having your Pistoll in your right hand with your finger upon the tricker you are to incline the Muzzell with a steady eye towards the Marke not suddenly but by degrees according to the distance you ride before a necessity of discharging shall be you are not to give fire directly forwards the horses head but in a diameter line by his right side turning his right hand so as the locke of the Pistoll may bee upward and having a true view of the Marke draw the tricker and let flye 16. Returne your Pistoll You are to returne the Pistoll into the Case and speedily draw out your other Pistoll if occasion commands making the same performances as before 17. Bend your Cocke Now in regard our English Pistolls differ from the firelocke Pistoll I will briefely touch two or three postures that are Heterogenâ—all to the former And as before is taught the holding of your Pistoll in your bridle hand now to performe this posture you are to place your two fore fingers of your right hand upon the vice pin that skâ—ues in the stone and by it to draw up the Cocke 18. Guard your Cocke With your Right hand you are to pull downe the backe locke and then be carefull in securing the Cocke from striking downe 19. Order your Hammer You are gently to draw downe your steâ—ele upon the Pan with your right hand provided alwayes there be a good flint and that it be evenly measured least it under or over reacheth which may hazard the firing 20. Free your Cocke You are to thrust backe your backe locke with your thumbe and fore finger of your right hand so as the Cocke may be let downe without danger of staying it from giving fire CHAP. CXVII Of the exercising of the Harquebuz and Carabine with the Postures to them belonging and diuers breefe rules appertaining to the use of them as also to Cuirassiers HAving discourst of the managing of the Pistoll in his severall postures it will seeme convenient here by the way to observe some briefe notes concerning the use and managing both of Pistols Harquebuzes and Carabines and then onely name the Postures belonging to the Harquebuz and Carabine that goe with Snaphanes The quickest and most compendious way of charging either the Pistols belonging to the Cuirassiers or other Peeces of what kinde soever is by using of Cazrouches which are made of white paper after this manner following First you are to have a former of wood of the just widenesse of your Pistols bore about this you are to winde a Paper which shall containe the true charge of powder and Bullet the ends must be tyed with a thred and in the midst betwixt the
in a Company and not to be suffered some to be 200. and some 300. and some 150. which if it must needs bee so and may not bee altered then I could wish all Companies to be only of the extent of 200. and 80. of them to bee Pikemen and 120. Musketires The rowes of lesse squares marked on each side of the figure with the letter B. are the Hutes for the Souldiers to lie in between the Front of which and the Colonels ground you see a large void space or distance which is twenty foot wide marked at each end the use of it is for the drawing up of the Companies or for the Officers to walk in and for the Souldiers to speak with them there this space is marked in the figure with C. Right under the Colonels Hute you see another void space as wide as the Colonels Hute is and as long as all the Quarter of the common Souldiers marked with D. the use of it is for the Officers of the Regiment commonly called the Officers of the Staffe as the Provost-Marshall the Quarter-Masters of the Regiment and the like Of the Quarters of the common Souldiers on either side of this long void space these bee the proportions All the little squares bee Hutes or Cabbins in the longer rowes marked with the letter M. on the first Hutes are the Musketires lodged and in the other rowes marked with P. are the Pikemen lodged one row of Musketires and one row of Pikes makes up one complete Bond or Company of 126. men In the Musketires row are twenty four Hutes and in the Pikemens but eighteen the reason is because the King by his orders commands that every complete Company should have three Corporalships of Musketires foure Files or Rots as the Swedes terme them make a Corporalship of Musketires but of Pikemen three Files or Rots make a Corporalship so that twelve Files of Musketires and nine Files of Pikes viz. twenty one Files firemen in depth in each File is a complete Band of 126. men besides the Officers and Serjeants When his Companies were weak then hee would have but two Corporalships of Musketires and the remainder to be Pikes Each of these Hutes are nine foorsquare viz. three yards every way and whereas one row of Musketires and one row of Pikes belongs to one Company these therefore neerer set together than the row of Pikes belonging to severall Companies are for the Pikes and Musketires of the same Company are parted with a street but six foot wide whereas betwixt the Pikes of severall Companies is a street of eighteen foot wide and betwixt the Musketires of severall Companies a street of twelve foot wide and so you see the severall proportions marked The length of the row of Pikes is but 162. foot as you see it marked betwixt the two first rowes of their Hutes The length of the Musketires row is 216. foot as is marked in the margent the distance of breadth being observed they amount to 360. foot or 72. paces so broad is the whole Quarter for one intire Regiment Below all this in the Rear or lower end of the Quarter you have a voyd space 14. foot of ground running all the breadth of the Quarter serving for the freedome of Ayr this is marked with E. Last of all you may behold another lowance of ground marked with the letter F. which is for the Sutlers Chap-men Butchers c. of the Regiment Add now the distances of length together and they come to 300. foot which is the length of the whole Quarter for one intire Regiment Now rests the chief point of discipline in the number and order of the placing of the Hutes and the men in them Concerning the number there be three men to be lodged in one Hute as well Pikes as Musketires so that in 24. Hutes of Musketires of one Company there bee 72. men and in the 18. Hutes of Pike-men of one Company there be but 54. men which number added together amounteth to 126. which is a complete Band. These 72. Musketires are again divided into three Corporalships and the 54. Pike-men also into three Corporalships Four Files or Rots of Musketires goe to one Corporalship and of Pike-men but three Files or Rots to a Corporalship So that 24. Musketires goe to one Corporalship and of Pikes 18. according to the number of either of their Cabbins Furthermore their order being to march six deep in File therefore in every two Hutes there is one Rot or File lodged which presently know how to put themselves in order Thus hath every Corporall of Musketires eight Hutes to look unto and every Corporall of Pikes six Hutes under him This certainty and disposing of the numbers serveth much for private government this order of quartering they are opinionated is prevalent for the ready resisting of the enemy Whereas you see two rows of Pikes and two rows of Musketires still together with their Cabbin doors inward one to another this is the use of it Suppose the enemy in the night falleth upon the Quarters the Alarme being taken and given by those of the outmost Guards out slips the two rows of Pikes into the street or alley betwixt them and presently marching out betwixt the Captains Hutes they are instantly in a fair order of Battell The Pikes being gone then the two next rows of Musketires joyning together march also out upon both sides of the Pikes where they are ready instantly to flank them Thus one Squadron or halfe-Regiment issuing out upon one side of their Colonels Tent and the other halfe on the other presently they draw themselves in complete Battalia and find their Colonels and Captains in the head of the Quarter ready to conduct them to the Brest-work thus so soon as the Alarm is given in from the outer Guards the Souldiers will bee ready to entertain their assault every man before his own Quarter upon which the enemy falleth before he can possibly march hee never so fast come neer to doe any execution If you desire to heare how in that huddle of darknesse they can possibly find their weapons know that by the order of their standing every man can at first comming most readily clap his hands upon his owne To instance in the Pikes for example The place where they all stand together is upon a thing made after the fashion of a paire of Gallowes at the head of the Quarter the upper overthwart beam is for the Pikes to stay against then there is another beam lower for to hang the Corslets upon and to lean the Muskets against this is to have a defence over it to defend the wet Now when any service or exercise is done abroad hee that lyeth in the Rear of the Quarter by comming in first setteth down his Armes inmost and he that commeth in last leaveth his outmost which when hee again goeth first out hee findeth his formost and when the last man commeth he findeth his own left every man
are almost flanquered with the third paâ— of the whole Curtaine And this Fortresse hath the Flanckes Fichans as some Enginieres terme it because the line of defence which proceeds from the Casmats is not paralell and besides the Flancke Fichant produceth a longer Pand than the other kinde of shouldred Flanckes doe as appeares in the figure by P and S. for the line P q is a Flancke Fichant and very serviceable in two respects as appeares by Mounsieur Bellayes discourse Pag. 11. Touching the Enemies securing himselfe from the Canon in the point of a Bulworke after a breach made that the Flancke Fichant will be most offensive to him in that place as will appeare if a line be drawne from the Angle of the flanck to the flancked Angle for from thence a peece of Artillery will fetch him out of the point or cause him to goe farre in or you may fetch him out from any place of the flancke neere to it also by taking the defence from that part of the Curtaine you may place shot betwixt it and the flancke to defend the flancked Angle Indeed Errard hath made mention of a cheaper way of fortifying by deciphering a Bulworke with a more obtuse Angle a shorter Pand and a Bulworke with a shorter Diameter than this I have set forth and as it is of lesse charge so it is of small defence in regard it is deficient of parts to defend it selfe Now I will further shew both by discourse and figure another kinde of fllancking of this Exagon forme in the next Chapter following The figure of this precedent discourse followes CHAP. XIIII How to fortifie the Exagon Figure with the second kinde of Flankes IN the precedent Figure you are directed how to line out the Bulworkes upon an Exagon Figure and although the Flankes thereof are so much discovered that the enemy may ruine them in a short time I shall now endeavour to shew you another kinde of Flancke with a shoulder as the next following Figure hath marked with a a to the end that the Flancke B should be covered from the force of the shot So that if the enemy should plant his Ordinance upon the battery C. to shoot against the Flancke B. it cannot possibly make a breach because it must first â—atter downe the shoulder A. which will nothing advantage them to doe or if the enemy thinkes to passe by the shoulder with his shot hee cannot possibly hit the Flancke but must grase against the Curtin And for this onely purpose the shoulder was first invented to joyne to the Flancke Now for the forming the Shoulder you must part with your compasses the length of this Flancke into three equall parts and take two of these parts to frame the Shoulder A. the third part is the length of the Flancke B. which shall bee tenne paces long and fifty foot deepe into the Bulworke Likewise the sayd Shoulder ought to bee drawne right opposite to the point of the Bulwork D. view the Figure and you shall perceive this allowance of depth into the Bulworke maketh a short line betwixt the extreames of the Curtin B. B. especially if the Wing bee allowed but 120 feete whereby some may judge it the lesse defensive yet it will not prove so in regard the Defendants in case the enemy hath once gotten the Bulworke may place more men upon the reintrenchment then the enemy can place upon that line But indeed the Flancke lieth more open whereby the Artillery therein may bee dismounted more easily then if the defence did proceed from the Angle of the Flancke as you may perceive by the peeces of Ordnance planted upon the Catte E. how they directly beate into the middest of the Flancke of the Bulworke passing downe by the Line of defence View the Figure following I shall take an occasion to frame a Table of the dementions used in Fortifying of Bulworks with the Perapets Footsteps Counter-skarps False-brayes and Sally-ports described CHAP. XV. How to Fortifie a place that is not capable of a Regular Fortification SVch Figures and places may be termed Irregular which have not their Angles and sides equall and being constrained to fortifie such places as for example For the guarding of some â—oords of Rivers or Fortifying upon some Rocke or upon some point of the Sea for the preservation of some Port. In these necessities wee are to accomodate our selves according to the nature of the place and save the expence of money and time which a royall Fort would cost for indeed there is nothing so strong as such places that are strong by nature as you may perceive by the subsequent Figure which hath two broad Rivers compassing two sides which makes it very strong so that the simplest Bulworkes there are as defensible as the artificiallist observe the Figure and you shall perceive the two halfe Bulworkes in the farthest sides of the River marked with E. and F. are but halfe Flanckes because it is not to bee feared that the enemy can gaine the worke by any of those sides but rather on that side where there is firme Land wherefore the Bulworke C. is as a perfect forme Likewise you may take notice of the halfe Moones M. and N. which are places of retreate for those that shall defend without beyond the Mote The Port of the Towne is at P. the Bridge is O. upon that side of the great River B. because there the enemy cannot so easily approach to raise a battery being scanted in ground the sayd River not allowing them space The place you see marked with H. and L. are the Platformes and so called because they are a plaine forme without Flanckers and are very commodious to plant along by the Rivers Further observe that the Enginiere is to consider in all such irregular places how many Bulworkes it can well containe for to raise more Workes then needs must or to place fewer whereby the distances from one Worke to the other will bee too farre will prove a great fault wherefore by the scale you may take all the true distances as for those sides the Rivers surrounds few Workes will serve provided alwaies they bee well guarded and Man'd for oftentimes the enemy will put in practise some strattagem against that side you thinke your selfe securest of For hee may make Bridges of Cords and scale the Walls which will be a most difficult thing for him to doe if you bee provided for him afore hand for such an encounter Neverthelesse it will bee very good to make a halfe Moone where the Guard may have certaine Boats secure to take a view up and downe the River especially the head of the River towards X. least any Boates should come downe the streames and likewise to stay all Boates that shall passe by day and night and search them least they taste the same sharpe sauce that Skinkens-Skons and Breda once tasted of the one having Souldiers embarqued under Hay the other under Turffe who tooke their opportunities
same Warres which the Romans managed against the Carthaginians by the unexpertnesse of the Generall their whole Navy was overthrowne yet the wonderfull love and loyaltie of the Commons freely demonstrating their sincerity and obedience as a rule for Subjects in future ages at their owne proper costs and charges built a new Fleete in all points fit for service I would this age wherein we live were so mindfull of their loyalties and obedience and not to mutter and repine when Authority justly commands such a poore thing as an Annuall stipend for the setting forth a Navy for the honour and safetie of our Kingdome The Netherlanders are to bee admired and commended for setting their loves afloate above their Lawes daily tendering their lives and goods in doing their States service they are so free from grumbling or having any seditious thoughts or actions that even voluntarily they condescend to pay an Impost out of their Meates and Drinkes towards the maintenance of their Warres besides their patience in induring their goods many times taken and their houses ruined by Souldiers they are so farre from repining that they thinke all well bestowed that tends to the publike good they banish desire and will not acknowledge it an act of their obedience the property thereof being only to looke at things to come but rather ground their actions upon Love which points at things present Wee can protest we desire his Majesties wants were supplyed but where is the love that should command our purse-string I say no more let every obstinate fellow blush and see if his desires without performance can command the advise and costly Drugges from his learned Physitian for the prevention of some eminent sicknesse which the Physitian by his wisedome and skill foresees that without speedy prevention will prove an incurable destruction to his body let him rest upon it that hath a desire that either his body or his estate should languish Let us but take a further survey of this dutie of obedience and you shall find it defective where feare only bindes and love doth not joyne with it Triplex amor as Scholers define it Emanans imperatus elicitus Naturall love all sensitive creatures participate in being led by an instinct to their objects there being a kind of necessitie inforcing as the Pismires love and care is to provide in Summer against Winter Even so Man in the same kind guided by certaine reasons is by love transported to his object Commanding love is when firme reasons demonstrate some good thing fit to be beloved and then our wills command us to affect the same Free love is when the affections makes choyce of some good thing of excellent qualitie freely and in contemplation of the goodnesse and priviledges that is thereby injoyed drives the spectators into admiration and the circumstances that attend the actions and demeanours of the object begets his free love and the prosperitie and welfare that it is possest withall satisfieth the whole desires Naturall love seekes only its owne profit but that is not here meant nor commendable in a Subject when he loves his Prince only for the quiet gaining or enjoying of gooods in this a Prince is not really to returne love againe Secondly when a Subjects will and affections commands love for by-respects and â—inister ends as to be favoured in wicked and impious courses this of all the rest is not to be respected but utterly rejected The third kind of Love is the true root from Whence Loyaltie and obedience springs and that is pure without by-aymes or ends of an enargeticall and working quality ever seeking and working such things as may bring Honour and safetie to their Prince and State Nam anima magis est ubi amat quam ubi animat The members of a Common-wealth should take instructions from the Philosophers who hold that the Parts love the beeing of the whole better then it selfe As for example the water being but the fourth part of the Elements that the great World is compounded of ascends up to the ayre that there should not be a Vaccuum or emptinesse in the universe for the Elements touch one the other as may be further proved by a small-mouthed glasse the water contrary to the nature of it runneth up to the ayre as it is pouring out that there may not be a voide place it preferres the good of the whole to its owne proper Center and so in the little world Man when occasion of danger is offered the hand is ever ready to defend and preserve the head Even so ready bent and prest should every member of a body politique be to defend and preserve their Prince and State and to administer such helps as his necessities require with a free consent he being our head and all in all to us we should and are bound in dutie to hazard all for him For if we consider the large commission which Almighty God hath beene pleased to give to his Vice-Roys upon earth and in such a copious manner estated them in their thrones of Regencie that the sonnes of men never had the like priviledges as may bee seene by the large Commission granted to Moses his chiefe and Generall over his peculiar people where God commands him to make him a Trumpet of silver to assemble the people and to remove the Campe It was a thing of such great importance that in the infancy of the world God himselfe did immediatly by his owne mouth assemble the Congregations and directed them how when and where to incampe limitting the times of their removals But after he had made choyce of a chiefe to be his Generall over the people he committed his care and his office of command over to Moses and left him ample power to goe in and out before his people as formerly hee himselfe had done and to take and claime such priviledges as are due from inferiours to a Majestie Which made our Saviour Christ very forward for examples sake to worke a Miracle rather then he would stand in contention with Caesar he would disburse for himselfe and his friend although he might have pleaded his freedome as being a man free-borne or might have claimed the due to himselfe as being King of Kings but he well knew affaires of importancy belonging to a State could not be compassed without daily revenewes this made him so willingly pay his tribute which the wisedome of Caesar had imposed upon his Subjects for the securing of his kingdome and especially in times of warre as our Saviour Christ drawing a Parable from the chargeablenesse and dangerousnesse of it wished a King first to sit downe and count before he entertaines warre Whether his power and abilitie that is to be understood not only the quantitie of armed men but the qualitie to sustaine them with which is Money Munition and Victuals and these are to bee derived from the inferiour members as they may well be paralelled to the rootes of a high spreading Ceder which
it was their whole discourse to magnifie him with their applauses of his worth wisedome and fidelitie but how suddenly those of the Corporation of novelists had changed the wind of his true fame into a contrary quarter blowing their flie-blowes of aspersions and disgraces so fast upon him that hee grew more hatefull and odious in the same mens conceits which formerly so highly honoured him and yet for his owne particular the same man and to his power endeavoured to doe the same good for the Common-wealth which formerly he had done so that what designe soever the people conceived his finger to have but toucht was by them vilified or some doubtfull various constructions made of it which at length grew to the heighth of censuring that when those Foote forces which returned from the I le of Ree were to be quartered and Billited in Townes untill his Majesties pleasure was to dismisse them or farther to have imployed them the common voyce was it was the Dukes plot to detaine these forces to take his occasion to side with the Enemy and so to ruine our Kingdome and what base Libells and scurulous songs were made of him so that at last they did hate his very person so that by their callumnious reports and invective inventions they had set on his shoulders according to the fiction in Ovid another head so that his owne friends and Souldiers did not know him for their friend but wrought their owne Masters death most villanously by their wishes which was acted by the cruell hand of a hellish Murtherer to their contents but let them put the gaines they purchast by his losse in their eyes and I beleeve they may still see whilst he lived the Common-wealth fared not the worse I think none can be ignorant of the mischiefes and inconueniences which are ingendred by these Monsters of impudent censurings and bold scrutinies of these Novelists which they ingrosse to themselves to please their pallats of a covetous desire of newes and then to gaine a popular applause or to maintaine Table-talke they retayle it out againe either to the honour or disparagement of some one or other as they shall stand affected or as the time place or occasion shall bee offered Reports soone workes upon the weaknesse of ignorant people who are apt to beleeve any thing especially if it comes from one that hath a habit of seeming sanctity and by such they will be drawne and lead to any thing These Hitrogeniall courses either of Subjects or Souldiers used to those in Authority over them makes an Enemie rejoyce they perceiving by such wayes and courses their pathes are ev'ned and swept and at their pleasures they can shape their designes and projects according to the distempers and humours of the time sayling with full wind and tyde unto the haven of their expectations for mens fancies are like to surfeited bloud that what infection soever comes first is most surely taken and indeed an enemy will not lose his opportunity to fish where the waters are troubled And as in the little Empire of the body naturall the beginning of all motion is from the head having the Conjugation of all sinewes and the architecture framed built and fashioned with joynts fit for motion and by a secret instinct and light of Creation annexed to the head from whence the whole strength is produced now if any of these sinewes or joynts are shrunke or dislocated it marres and hinders the sudden motion of the whole frame causing the limme where such a defect is to bee altogether unusefull and much hindering the orderly worke of the rest of the limbes which would be more quicke and apt to helpe and defend the head the Magnanimous Eagle is easily surprized if but the least joynt of her wings be perisht This corrupting putrifying and dis-joynting the members of a Common-wealth hath beene a pollicy ever used by the Enemie and hath afforded him more freedome to set afoot his projects and designes then any one conclusion he hath made use of And such dislocations and distempers are usually the forerunners of confusion Histories make mention of many Nations that have beene infected with this Conâ—â—gion and have languisht in this deaâ—ly sicknesse when as the art of Physicke was not able to purge the glut that lay in the stomacks of these diseased persons so that their breaths infected all that came neere and made them unusefull burthens to their heads so that the Engines of Wit Art and Policy was not able to set them in a right frame and temper France once deeply tasted of this deadly cuppe untill ruine and confusion rent them from their head to a deeper destruction like gangreene members they were cut off from the body Politicke the residue being weary of their former smarts began then to comply with the times and saw it the peaceablest and safest way for all degrees to joyne in one for the ayding and supporting their King and honouring and obeying all in Authority under him then they showred their transcendent tearmes of loyaltie and obedience upon Lewis the ninth and indeed he truly deserved them the Commons with one voyce styled him their Father the Nobility reverenced him with title of just Prince and faithfull preserver of their Lawes The grave Doctors and Fathers of the Church ascribed to him the name of Tutor and Defender against all oppositions and the whole body of France viva voce and with one consent proclaimed him the King of truth and those in Commission under him true Preservators and Administrators of Iustice the crabbed fruits of their former follyes had wrought good effects so that contestings scrutinies censurings and oppositions were quite banisht They having learned of Licurgus to answer those that did desire to meddle out of their Spheare as hee once answered one that was oppinionated that a Democrasticall government was most pleasing hee wisht him to try it first in his owne house if such Corrivals in authority would breed any content If every busie-braind fellow would make tryall of this shame would make them blush and ill-shapt discontents would stop their mouthes causing them to be ready to imitate the Egyptians who antiently consecrated to their God Harpocrates the Peach tree the leaves thereof resemble a Tongue the fruit a Heart simbolizing thereby that their hearts should hence-forth serve him and their tongues set forth his praise The same Embleme should every loyall and obedient Subject and Souldier have within his breast and mouth which he should dedicate to Supremacy and to all in subordinate authority under him then every dore would turne merrily upon the hindges without jarring and a gentle streame of Peace would have a currant channell through Kingdomes then there would be no feare of an enemies sowing his seedes of discontents amongst the inferiour members nor inticing them by gifts and promises to disloyaltie or distractions It is recorded of Caesar that he conquered more in France by complying with the people profering
of every defect hee ought to rule over the Company and take a particular survey of every Souldier in his Captaines absence for then hee is in absolute authority and the Souldiers are bound to obey him as their cheife in all respects hee ought not to refuse to bee put upon any service by his Captaine or Colonell or any cheife Officer of the Field also he is not to bee sent upon any convoy or to guard any passage without a sufficient Troope of Souldiers fifty or sixty at least if lesse then the Ensigne is of sufficiency to command them hee is to view his Captaine thrice a day Morne Noone and Night but especially in the time of Warre to see what hee hath to command him hee is to take notice of what discords quarrels and debates arise amongst the Souldiers of his Band hee is to pacifie them if it may bee otherwise to commit them hee is to judge and determine such disputes with gravity and good speeches and where the fault is to make him acknowledge it and crave pardon of the party hee hath abused hee is duely to see the Watch set and to follow them to the Guard and see the Sentinells set out and give them their charge what they are to doe If hee be in the Field hee is to visit the Sentry Perdues very often hee is to command the Souldiers in a kinde of perswasory way to obey their Corporalls and Serjants wherefore hee ought to give good language in a discreet and wise manner to move and perswade them with 〈◊〉 reasons to the observation and obedience of Millitary discipline 〈◊〉 his Captaine of many â—oyles hee is to bee carefull that every Souldier have a sufficient lodging in Garrison and in the Field a Hut hee is also to take due care of the sicke and maymed that they perish not for want of means or looking unto he is also to take care that the Sutlers do not oppresse and rack the poore Souldiers in their victuals and drinke he is to see the Company provided with all kinde of Amunition with Axes Mattockes Spades and the like to build their Hutts withall these instruments are to have the marke of the Gallowse set on them in token of death to them that steale them Hee is in his Captaines absence to sit in the Christrade or Marshalls Court to define of the punishments which are to bee inflicted upon Delinquents and Malefactorus their punishment going by most voyces hee is to set a Guard at his Captaines Tent and likewise at the Cullours where hee ought to give order for a fitting place to hang up loose Armes His Hutt ought to bee in the head of the quarter upon the right hand and the Ensignes on the left and the Serjants at the Reare of the quarter hee is to bee alwaies in a readinesse to answer an Allarum and with all speed draw his men if they bee in Garrison to that Port or Guard his squadron hath the Watch at if in the Campe then to the Brest-worke before their quarters where hee is to place betwixt each Musquet a Pike for their better defence In Garrison hee is to bee Captaine of the Watch in his Captaines stead onely for the ease of his Captaine where he must bee very circumspect upon his Guard hee is to have his Ensigne and his Serjants to attend him hee is to goe the first round with a Serjant and two Gentlemen at the least to attend him where hee is to take the Word of every Corporall and to see that the Sentinells bee duely pla'ct out and to give them charge to bee very circumspect in their Watches that upon the sight of the Enemy or the seeing of their Matches sparkle or hearing their Armour clatter they presently informe the Corporalls so that an Allarum may bee given to the Towne but hee that shall give a false Alarum is to bee imprisoned The Lieuetenant is to go the Patroule with a sufficient Guard about all the Streets within the night to prevent treason in the Town or to discover fire or ill orders as quarrelling c. Hee is to March in the morning with the Major of the Garrison at the Drumme beating to the opening of the Ports hee is to bee guarded with all the Gentlemen of the round In Sommer time at Watch set he is to draw his men in Parrado in the Market place with all the rest of the Companies in the Towne their Companies being compleate If in the Field and to goe upon service hee ought to see prayers read in the head of the Troopes every night and every Sabbath all those Souldiers that have not the Guard hee is to compell them to goe to their Colonells Tent to heare Prayers and preaching hee is to bee religious valiant and wise his Armes is onely a Gorget and a Pattisen CHAP. LXVI The Office of a Captaine of a private Company and his duty both in Garrison and in the Field briefely declared THe Office of a Captaine being so honourable and a place of such great consequence that it ought not slightly to bee considered of wherefore they ought to bee men of excellent quallity and of undaunted valiant resolution hee should not bee inferiour in knowledge and skill in all the circumstances and actions belonging to Warre in as profound a manner as the chiefest Officer of the Field for hee hath a charge of great importance committed unto him hee being many times called to execute the Office of Serjant Major or Lieuetenant Collonell besides hee is exposed to all manner of danger in the Warres for no Captaine but must leade on his men in the face of the Enemy and charge them in the teeth which if hee bee not skilfull as well to leade them off as draw them on hee may bee the occasion of spilling of much bloud hee ought not to bee a man chosen altogether for Birth Meanes Personage favour or affection but for his wisedome civility valour and experience the unexpertnesse of a Captaine hath beene the ruine of Armies and destruction of Common-wealths In the time of peace every brave fellow desires to bee honoured with the name and charge of a Captaine but when Warre approacheth and the Enemy is at hand they quake their swords out of their scabberds and had rather make use in fight of their Wings then their tallents A Captaine ought to be well seene and read in all the Liberall Sciences to be acquainted with History and to have what speculative knowledge that may bee to joyne with their practice all kinde of Stratagems should be similiar with him and nothing should be wanting that might make him an accomplisht Souldier A Captaine ought to have regard to the due exercising of his Souldiers fitting them in all points for service hee ought to see his Souldiers furnished with all things needfull as Armes Munition and their Weekely pay duely at the appoynted times hee is to bee very conscionable in delivering them their off-reckonings and apparrell hee
is to divide the Musquetiers they being drawne into a body as aforesaid into two equall parts or Divisions if there should bee an odde File in one of the Divisions it makes no matter Next you are to draw up your body of Pikes betweene those Divisions of Musquets fronting them with the Musquets in an even line Or otherwise you may draw your Musquetiers upon the left wing of your body of Pikes their Front and Rankes being placed even one against another you are to command the Pikes to open their Rankes and to order their Pikes the Musquetiers are to have all their Musquets Rested Then commanding the right-hand-division only to shoulder their Musquets and to face to the Right-hand Then commanding them to March even through the Rankes of the Pikes an ordinary distance beyond them and causing them to face to the left-hand will bring them into true order with the Pikes Next you are to command the residue or left wing of Musquets to shoulder their Peeces and to face to the right hand and advance them forwards to the side of the Pikes observing their distance betwixt them then facing them to the Left hand makes them stand even with the Pikes Or if you please you may make use of a third way to draw your Musquetiers upon either Wing of your Pikes Your Pikes being first drawne into a square body and your Musquetiers in a like square body being drawne up to the reare of the Pikes You may command them to double their Front to the Right and left hand by Division which is in this kind performed One halfe of the Files of Musqueteirs are to face to the right hand and the other halfe to the left hand either Division marching after they are turned right forwards about sixe foot beyond the flankes of the Pikes Then that Division of Musquetiers which marched towards the left-hand you are to command them to face to the right hand And the division of Musquetiers that marched to the right hand you are to command them to face to the Left Then both the divisions of Shotte at one instant in an even order are to March up by the side of the Pikes untill they front even with them These things being thus performed you are to command your Musquetiers to shoulder their Musquets and slope them You are likewise to command your Pikemen to advance their Pikes and then begin to exercise them in their Motions as followeth having first ordered them in their distance for Motion at six foote both in Ranke and File CHAP. LXXIX How a Commander shall exercise his Company in grosse in their proper Motions after hee hath drawne the Shotte upon either Wing of the Body of Pikes with the words of Command for the performance thereof as also for the reducing them to their first station HAving duly performed those Circumstances specified in the former Chapter and now standing in the head of your Company the Lieutenant in the Reare and the Serjeants upon either Flanke after you have commanded silence and also to stand right in their Rankes and Files you shall command them to Faces to the right hand This Motion is performed only by turning your body to the place where your right hand stood not moving your right foot at all but turning it a little upon the ball and to reduce them to their former station you must use this word of Command As you were so turning to the left hand againe brings them to their former station Faces to the left hand This motion is performed by turning your body to the place where your left hand stood bringing your left legge somewhat about and onely turning your right foot a little upon the Ball and to reduce them to their former station you must use this Word of Command As you were so turning off to the right hand brings them to their first Station Faces to the right hand about This motion is performed by turning of your body round about by the right hand so that your face stands where your back parts did and to reduce them to their former station you must use this Word of Command To the left hand about as you were so turning backe againe by the left hand brings them to their first Station Faces to the left hand about This motion is performed by turning of your body round about by the left hand so that your face stands where your backe parts did and to reduce them to their former Station you must use this word of Command To the right hand about as you were so turning backe againe by the right hand brings them to their first Station These motions of facing being perfectly done you shall command the whole Company to front to the right hand and cause them there to begin anew the aforesaid motions where ten to one you shall finde them anew to seeke so fronting them from hand to hand round about will make them perfect otherwise they will be to seeke as oft as you alter your Front CHAP. LXXX Of Facing Square and how to performe it The usefulnesse of Facings and the severall parts thereof FAcings are so usefull and necessary that a Commander may as well dispence with any one of the grounds of Discipline as with them for upon all occasions in Service they are usefull and not onely sooner executed than any other of the motions but may be needfull when wheelings and Counter-marches cannot be used as in a strait There are no more than foure faces intire besides Angular as in the precedent Chapter is shewed But as for your divisionall there be divers which I have omitted Intire Facings are so called when the aspect of the whole Companie is directed one way Divisionall Facings are so called when the aspect of the Souldiers is at one and the same time directed divers wayes as to the Front and Reare the Right the Right and Left or to all foure at once c. Angular Facings are so called when the Aspect of the Companie is directed to the right Corner man which is the right Angle or to the left Corner man which is the left Angle or to the foure Corner men which are termed the foure Angles These Angular Facings amongst the Grecians were of great use for they made use of them by reducing out of the Square a Diamond Battell and from the Diamond they reduc'd two Triangles by cutting or dividing the same in the middest at the two flat Angles and of two Triangles they framed a Sheere Battell and of three or foure Triangles they framed their Saw-Battell c. Now for the instructing of your Souldiers how to Face Square if the body bee but eight in depth you must command the two first Rankes to stand fast likewise the two last Rankes are to face about the rest of the Body are to face to the Right and Left if the Body be deeper then you must command more Rankes to the Front and so likewise to the Reare and in
goe out of the right ring at the second turne for to enter into the left ring and would follow still the right hand as you must doe then you shall lacke a good deals of closing the second turne as you may perceive by this last figure in the right ring where the place is marked that you should goe out of for to enter into the left wing with the letter A. and the place of closing your turne with the letter B. betwixt which two letters is contained the portion of a Circle which will be wanting wherefore of necessity you must goe thrice about to the intent the second turne may be fully ended as for any overplusse it makes no matter To this last ring is also added a middle furrow with two places of stoppings and turnings meete to mannage a horse trotting him there in the length of a good Cariere and having made him stoppe and advance make much of him and stay a good while and untill he hath mended his fault of not turning which way you would have him you must with your bridle hand shorten one Rayne of that side he desires he should turne upon then having a foote man standing against him with a sticke in his hand and as you move your fist to turne your horse on that side he is unwilling to turne upon at that same instant shall strike him upon the nose not leaving him untill he turnes Likewise making use of his voyce to provoke him then being turned and trotted the uppermost ring round you must returne backe in the same furrow againe even hard to the second little ring and there likewise let a man stand as before is shewed to strike him upon the stop and cause him to turne upon the right hand which hand a horse must alwayes first turne upon but if he be harder to turne on the left hand than on the right then begin in first with the left Ring observing the order and directions before exprest Likewise with a Cord fastned to the middle eye of the bit on the side he will not turne upon and tye the other end unto the Sursingle on the same side strayning it pritty hard to make him bow his necke thus chasing him round in the Circle divers times unloosen the cord and hold it in that hand which is next the side he will not turne upon in stead of a false rayne then trot him forth the length of twenty or thirty paces and there stop where one must stand with a rod threatning him and if neede be beating him upon the contrary side to cause him to turne and the rider strayning the cord a little will make him performe it Then trot him backe and cause him to performe the like using the same meanes a fore prescribed CHAP. CV How to manage a Horse for Service foure kindes of wayes IN this next progresse we are to observe foure kindes of managing a Horse to fit him for service First when you make your Horse double his turnes Secondly when you gallop the field making him wave in and out as is used in single skirmish Thirdly when you make him leape a loft fetching divers saltes or curveates but this is not so proper to teach to a horse for service Fourthly when you pace trot and gallop him too and fro in one path the length of twenty or thirty paces turning him at each end thereof either with single turne whole turne or double turne this is termed manage and in this word there is three things observable as first the manage with halfe rest that is to cause your horse at the end of every managing path to stop and then to advance twise together and at the second bound to turne whereby you rest one bound The manage with the whole râ—st is when you turne him at the third bound and so you rest two bounds the managing without rest is when you turne him immediately upon the stop without any tarriance at all which is most in use with us Note when your Horse turneth upon the right Hand turne you your left shoulder towards his left eare keeping your body upright in the Saddle so that the raynes of your backe may directly answere the ridg-bone of the horses backe never the lesse when you feele him to bend his hinder houghs then leane you somewhat backewards for that will make him close his turne the more roundly and swiftly likewise when he turnes on the left hand accompany him with your right shoulder towards his right eare observing as before Your horse being perfect in all points before mentioned you shall ride him into some plaine sandy way voyde of all occasions of stumbling and to acquaint him with the way pace him faire and softly the length of a good Carriere which must be measured out according to the strength and quality of the horse At the end of the Carriere path let your Horse stop and advance and at the second bound turne him faire and softly upon the right hand and so stay a little while then suddenly with a lively voyce crying hay hay put him forwards with both Spurres at once forcing him to runne all the path as swift as possibly may be just up to the end to the intent he may stop on his buttockes this being performed turne him upon the left hand and pace him forth faire and softly unto the other end of the Carriere path and there stop him and turne him againe upon the right hand as you did before and so leave him Note there is no better way to bring a horse to this than by using him to tread the ring with a very swift trot which will make him nimble of his legges and so swift and stayed of head that comming afterwards to be runne it shall bee easie to him to performe this was observed by that famous Rider Cola Pagano who would never runne his horse untill he saw him wel stayed of head and well broken for although a horse may be halfe a yeare in breaking yet in eight dayes he may be taught to runne and stoppe in a most perfect manner Likewise to teach your horse to goe side wayes it being a thing of much consequence in the wars you must performe it thus as namely you desire to have him goe side longs towards the left hand you must beare your bridle even and steady and clap your right legge close to his belly and hold it there still making him feele the spurre on the right side if he moveth his body that way you desire then suddenly pull away your legge from thence and make much of him that being performed make him doe as much with your left legge and leaving to molest him on either side untill he understands your meaning thus with a little exercise so soone as he shall feele you stay your bridle hand and touch him with your legge or spurres on the contrary side he will goe side wayes so much or
o o o o o o o o o o o o o Halfe files to the left hand double your Front hHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhH hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Bringers up to the right hand double your Front Bringers up as you were HhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHh hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh hhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Files to the left hand Counter-march HhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHhHh h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Files close to the right and left to your close Order oooooHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHHooooo ooooohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhooooo ooooohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhooooo ooooohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhooooo ooooohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhooooo ooooohhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhooooo Rankes close forwards to your close order H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o To the left hand wheele H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h h CHAP. CXX The Fashion of Horse Battels discourst of and first of the Rhombe the Wedge and the Square IN regard we shall not have the opportunitie to discourse and demonstrate every kinde of Battell that at this time is in use when wee shall come to intreate of the embattelling of the Infantry with the Cavalry therefore I thinke it most convenient to discourse of some formes of Embattelling the Cavalry which are of greatest use And the rather because the Cavalry for the most part are employed upon peculiar services in the absence of the Infantry Those that have formerly written of this subject have not fully exprest their owne conceits Therefore to make all things cleere I shall indeavour to set downe the severall figures of each severall kinde The Thessalians were the first inventers of the Rhombe and conceived it to be an absolute forme in regard they were ready to turne their faces every way with speede and not easily to be surprised in Flanke or in the Reare because the best men are plac'd in the Fanke and the commanders in the Angles viz. the Captaine in the Front and in the right and left Angles of the Flankes the two ablest Corporalls and the Livetenant in the reare Angle Of these kinde of battells called the Rhombes there are foure sorts severally distinguished the first kinde Files and Rankes The second forme neither File nor ranke the third forme Files but ranke not the fourth ranke but file not The first kind of Rhombe that doth both file and ranke is ordered as followeth viz. you are to make the greatest ranke being the middle most of an uneven number as of a 11. or 13. or 15. or 17. to which you are to joyne other rankes before and behind every one containing two lesse than the former as if the greatest ranke consisted of 17. the next rankes on either side are to have but 15. the next on either side of those but 13 and so every one two lesse untill at last you come to one as you may perceive by the next Figure following the longest ranke consists of 15. the next of 13 c. and so the whole Rhombe hath 113 horse in Battalia of these I intend to shew you the order of framing them although not much used in these late warres afterwards I shall discourse of sundry formes of Embattelling in a discourse by it selfe The Rhombe of Horse The Front Left Flanke Right Flanke The Reare CHAP. CXXI The manner and forme how the second kinde of Rhombe is ordered in Battalia THe next kind of Rhombe which neither Files nor Ranks was by the antient Generalls thought very proper for service in regard the turnings and other motions were to be performed very easily having nothing to hinder them before behinde or in Flancke For the ordering of this forme of Battell you must first place the Leader then one aâ— his right and an other at his left hand and in such a distance that their horses heads reach up to his horses shoulders as in the formall battell The first row you must also make of an uneven number as 21. the Leader of the Troope standing in the midst and 19. other being laid to him backwards on either side so that this ranke containeth two sides of the Rhombe like to this A. Then the Reare Commander is placed directly behinde the Leader and to him are other joyned forwardly on either side like to this Figure V. and the number of the following rankes after the first there are to be two lesse than the former and therefore nine must be added on either side of the Reare Commander so that the number of
of Euboea IN the Island of Euboea Nauplius the Father of Palamedes understanding that his sonne was slaine by the hands of Paris wherefore he conceived such displeasure against the whole Hoste of the Graecians that hee intended their generall destruction to this end hee caused fires to bee made upon the top of the most dangerous and unaccessible Rockes in this whole Island and had removed all the Booyes and Sea-markes into dangerous shelves the Greekes taking this according to the custome of the times to have beene the markes of some safe Haven made thitherwards where they were miserably cast away there perishing 200 ships and many thousand men CHAP. CXCV. An excellâ—nt policie used by Mahomet Bassa to conceale the death of Solimon one of the Ottoman Emperours from his Souldiers at the Siege of Sigeth in Hungary fearing lest they should mutinie SOlimon one of the Ottoman Emperours dying at the Siege of Sigeth in Hungary which was cunningly concealed by Mahomet Bassa the space of twenty dayes before the Ianizaries knew of it who when any did inquire for him he would shew them divers times the Emperour â—itting in his Horse-litter as being troubled with the Gout causing his Physitians to go too and fro with their Phisicke as if they had him in cure but after the Souldiers suspected ill dealing they began to be mutinous whereupon he promised they should see him the next day wherefore they apparelled the Corpes in royall large Robes and placed it in a Chaire at the end of a long Gallery and a little Boy cunningly placed behinde him to move the Kings hand to his head as if he should stroake his Beard as his manner it seemes was which signe of life and strength the souldiers seeing were contented and so was his death concealed forty one dayes more untill the Siege was ended and a new Emperour establisht CHAP. CXCVI. A Politique Stratagem used by Simon Sonne of Miltiades being Captaine of the Athenians whereby he overthrew the Sea and Land-forces of the Persians in one day SImon the Sonne of Miltiades Captain Generall of the Athenians overthrew the Sea and Land-forces of the Persians in one day he tooke and sunke no fewer than forty ships and three hundred Gallies in the Sea fight which ended he furnished and mann'd the Persian ships with his owne best souldiers attyred in the Persians habilaments and waving the colours of the Persians upon their approach the Campe was opened where every man prepared to welcome their victorious Countrey-men as they thought But the Greekes no sooner entred but suddenly put them all to the sword and tooke twenty thousand of them Prisoners CHAP. CXCVII A Policie of the Duke of Burbon to cause his fleeing Souldiers to stand a charge AT the Battell of Agincourt Lewis of Burbon having suffered a defeat in his left wing weighing the dishonour gathered some scattered troops of Horse that stood doubtfull of the event proclaiming the English had the worst and if they would shew their valours he warranted them the victory the French being then all ready to flee he procures a Souldier to runne through the Army to crave supply protesting the English were yeilding for that King Henry the fifth had offered to yeeld his troops and to flee for refuge This device did wonderfully hearten the French to abide the other charge who would otherwise before have fled CHAP. CXCVIII. A Policie used by King Henry the fifth being overcharged with Prisoners if fresh Supplies should have assailed him AT the same Battell of Agincourt after the French were fled a world of Prisoners being taken in the pursuit in the interim certaine French fugitives seised upon the Kings Teâ—ts an Alarme being made by the Sutlers and those that guarded the Baggage the King fearing fresh supplies presently commands every Souldier to kill his Prisoner that they might make the safer resistance and not be hindred by them which in Skirmish might have done them treble damage CHAP. CXCIX A Stratagem whereby the Town of Fast-castle in Scotland was taken from the English IN Edward the sixths dayes our English Generall having taken in divers Towne in Scotland this Towne of Fast-castle being one the Governour thereof commands the neighbouring Hines to bring in their Contribution corne the Enemy making use of this opportunity sends divers souldiers habited like the Scottish Peasants with private Armes about them upon the day appointed with sackes of Corne upon horse-backe they being arrived at the Ports alighted and every man brought his sacke in upon his shoulder no sooner were they entred but they fell upon the Guard and cut them off making them masters of the Ports untill divers Troops that waited the opportunity came and succoured them and gained the Towne CHAP. CC. Anotable Stratagem whereby the Island of Sarke was taken from the French it being a place of it selfe impregnable SIR Walter Raleigh in his History of the World relateth an excellent Stratagem which a Gentleman of the Netherlands made use of for the regaining of the Island of Sarke which joynes to Gernesey from the French it being a place of it selfe impregnable having sufficient to sustaine themselves there growing and being every way inaccessible This Gentleman anchored in the Road with one ship of small burthen pretending the death of his Merchant he besought the French to bury him in hallowed ground offering them for a gratuity such things as they had aboord the French condescended to their requests upon condition they should come all disarmed whereupon they brought their Coffin upon land filled with all kinde of weapons and Ammunition in the meane time part of the French went to the ship to view their penniworths where they were detained the Coffin being brought into the Church and the doores shut close they armed themselves and fell upon the Guard and slew them By this device they obtained the Island which otherwise had beene impossible to have been entred CHAP. CCI. A Politique device used by Iugurth to helpe his Armie in case it were overthrowne IVgurth being invaded by the Romans deferred the fight in the day of Battell untill a good part of the day was spent knowing that if the Enemy did prevaile yet the night comming on them they should not be so able to pursue the victory and that they being in their owne Country and acquainted with all passages and places of strength being protected by the darknesse of the night might the better escape and make head againe upon the Romans and contrariwise if the invaders should be broken the night would be a meanes to cause their utter confusion they not knowing how to finde any place of refuge but must fall into the hands of the Natives This device stood Jugurth in great stead CHAP. CCII. A Politique Stratagem used by Count Pietro Navarese to beate his Enemies from a Breach whereby he rowted their Campe. COunt Pietro Navarese being besieged in a Towne where the Enemy had made a Breach in the Walles for his safety to repell
two severall demonstrations The first shall be as before is spoken of when the Rear of the Camp is secured by some great River or Arme of the Sea The second a square incampment upon the Champion where no naturall strength can afford us help For the first of these two when the place affords such naturall strength that the Rear of the Army may be secured by some River or Arme of the Sea provided alwayes that the enemy cannot come with shipping to annoy you the Front of this Camp must be towards the enemy where a certain Brest-work must bee raised four or five foot high upon the most eminent ground and about the same breadth the ditch about six foot broad and four foot deep this must run if the ground will give leave with some nooks and angles the better to flanker some part of this intrenchment as by the following figure you may perceive marked A. From this Brest-work inwards into the Camp must bee a space left sixty or eighty Paces broad if the conveniency of the ground will give way for the Souldiers to draw into Battalia or to Parado in marked O. In the next place marked B. every Captain and Colonell are to have their Hutes or Tents stand in an even Line viz. every Colonell before the head of his own Company being quartered upon the right hand of his Regiment and each Captain successively according to their antiquities In the next place there is a space eight paces broad marked with the letter C. this is for the chief street and runs in an even line from one side of the Quarter to the other From this chief street downwards towards the Rear of the Quarters are the inferiour Officers and Souldiers to be quartered as at the letter D. and in this are divers things to bee considered as first the street which goes down between the Hutes ought to bee ten foot broad and four hundred foot deep in regard each Hute is to bee eight foot square and in every Hute two Souldiers are to bee lodged so that upon each side of the way there is to bee fiftie Hutes built which are to hold an hundred Souldiers upon a side At the top of the street upon the right hand is the Lieutenants Cabbin who is to bee allowed twelve foot and upon the left hand is the Ensignes Cabbin of the same bignesse the Serjeants are to have upon each side their Cabbins in the Rear of the Quarters thus a Company of two hundred are conveniently quartered In the Reare of these Hutes is another street or space of ground which runneth from one side of the Quarters to the other marked E. being six paces wide upon the foremost side of which are the Sutlers Butchers and Shop-keepers behind these is a wast place next the water for the off all filth and draffe to be conveyed away as you may perceive at G. The space or distance of ground which is betwixt Regiment and Regiment ought to be twenty or thirty foot broad as you may see at H. The Generall ought to have his Tents in the midst of all the Quarters and the Colonells according to their dignity upon each hand of his Pavilions The Passages into the Campare to bee plac'd in the most convenient places and strong Ports made to open and shut at pleasure as you may perceive at I. Also if need requires there may bee posterne passages made in divers places of the Brest-work for single persons to goe in and out with a turne-pike to secure it as at K. The Ordnance is to bee plac'd in a halfe Moon made next the water-side in the most convenient place of the Camp the residue may bee plac'd either upon the Brest-work or else before the halfe-Moon as at L. View the figure following and at M. is the Bridge for the Army to passe over the River The other manner of fortifying a Camp is now to be discourst of The Lord high Marshall having made choice of a place convenient being attended by the Quarter-Master Generall and the inferiour Quarter-Masters about the midst of the ground where you intend to incamp set up the Generalls Standard and about the same stake out a square place of ground for the Generalls Pavilion fourty paces square directly from this towards the North runneth one main street fourty paces broad which divides the Horse-Camp from the Foot-Camp and on either side of the Generalls Tents runneth two other crosse wayes thirty paces in breadth which divide the armed Souldiers from the Pioners and Waggons these two wayes embrace two long squares of ground fourty paces broad and five hundred and fifty paces long apeece these may either of them bee divided into five Lodgings of an hundred paces in length and fourty in breadth leaving between them certain passages of ten paces in breadth so that the Souldiers upon every sudden alarme may the more readily repair to the place of Assembly One of the Lodgings next the Generalls Tent is appointed for the high Marshall and his retinue and the other on the other side for the Treasurer the rest may be assigned at the Marshals discretion to the other Officers of the field and for such Noblemen and Gentlemen Voluntires as follow the Warres at their own charge In the North-east Quarter of the Camp are the Horse-men lodged in the Northwest the Foot-men either of these Camps are divided into three parts by streets running East and West these streets are twenty paces in breadth and five hundred and eighty paces long in every of these three spaces of the Foot-Camp are lodged a Regiment of 10000. men and in the Hors-Camp the middlemost of them shall serve for 1500. Lances or Curassiers with their Beedets the North space for the Harquebuziers on the other side of this street are the Lodgings assigned for the Colonels of every Regiment and their Officers every space being thirty paces broad and one hundred and seaventy long By these Characters following you may understand the description of this Camp the better as in the figure following A. stands for the Captaines of the Harquebuziers B. for the Captaine of the Lances or Curassiers and C. for the residue of the Carbines and Dragones Likewise D E F. is the place for the Leaders of three principall Regiments of Foot-men the which are to be distingūished by their antiquities or by the usuall name of Vantguard Battell and Rear-ward the Vantguard lies next to the Generalls Tent and answers to the Harquebuziers the Battell answers to the Curassiers and the Rear-ward to the residue of the Carbines and Dragones Every of these principall Regiments you may if you please divide againe into five smaller Regiments by streets of ten paces broad running North and South So have you fifteen lesse Regiments in the Foot-Camp and five apeece in every of the Horse-Camps and every of these Regiments are one hundred paces broad and one hundred and seventy paces in length and shall contain every of
but by no meanes whilst there is any service to be done against the enemy 128. If any Souldier or Native subject desires to bee discharged from the warres he shall give notice thereof unto the Muster-masters who if they finde him to bee sicke or maimed or that hee served twenty yeeres in our warres or hath beene ten severall times before the enemy and can bring good witnesse thereof he shall be discharged 129. If any Colonell or Captaine either of Horse or Foot does give any Passe otherwise than is before mentioned he shall be punished as for other Fellonies and he who hath obtained the same Passe shall lose three moneths pay and be put in prison for one moneth upon bread and water 130. No Colonell or Captaine either of Horse or Foot shall give leave to his Souldiers to goe home out of the Field without leave of our Generall or chiefe Commander whosoever does the contrary shall lose three moneths pay and be put in prison for one moneth upon Bread and Water 131. No Captaine either of Horse or Foot shall presume to goe out of any Leaguer or place of Strength to demand his pay without leave of the Generall or Governour who so doth shall be cashired from his place and put out of the quarters 132. No Captaine either of Horse or Foot shall hold backe any of his souldiers meanes from him of which if any complaine the Captaine shall answer it before the Court where being found guilty he shall be punisht as for other Felony also if any mischance ensue thereupon as that the Souldiers mutine be sicke or endure hunger or give up any Strength then shall he answer for all those inconveniences that hereupon can or may ensue 133. If any Captaine lends money unto his souldiers which he desires should be paid againe that must be done in the presence of the Muster-masters that our service be no way hindred or neglected 134. If upon necessity the case sometimes so falls out in the Leaguer that pay bee not alwayes made at the due time mentioned in the Commissions yet shall every man in the meane time be willing to further our service seeing they have victualls sufficient for the present and that they shall so soone as may bee receive the rest of their meanes as is mentioned in their Commission 135. Very requisite it is that good justice be holden amongst our Souldiers as well as amongst other our Subjects 136. For the same reason was a King ordained by God to be the Soveraigne Judge in the field as well as at home 137. Now therefore in respect of many occasions which may fall out his single judgement alone may be too weak to discerne every particular circumstance therefore it is requisite that in the Leaguer as well as otherwhere there be some Court of Justice erected for the deciding of all controversies and to be carefull in like manner that our Articles of warre be of all persons observed and obeyed so farre forth as is possible 138. We ordaine therefore that there be two Courts in our Leaguer a high Court and a lower Court 139. The lower Court shall be amongst the Regiments both of Horse and Foot whereof every Regiment shall have one among themselves 140. In the Horse-Regiments the Colonell shall be President and in his absence the Captaine of our owne Life-guards with them are three Captains to be joyned three Lieutenants three Cornets and three Quarter-masters that so together with the President they may be to the number of thirteene at the least 141. In a Regiment of Foot the Colonell also shall be President and his Lieutenant Colonell in his absence with them are two Captains to be joyned two Lieutenants two Ensignes foure Serjeants and two Quarter-masters that together with the President they may be thirteene in number also 142. In our highest Marshall Court shall our Generall be PresideÌ„t in his absence our Field-Marshall when our Generall is present his asseciats shall be our Field-Marshall first next him our Generall of the Ordnance Serjeant-Major-Generall Generall of the Horse Quarter-Master-Generall next to them shall sit our Muster-Masters and all our Colonells and in their absence their Lieutenant-Colonells and these shall sit together when there is any matter of great importance in controversie 143. Whensoever this highest Court is to be holden they shall observe this order our great Generall as President shall sit alone at the head of the Table on his right hand our Field-Marshall on his left hand the Generall of the Ordnance on the right hand next our Serjeant-Major-Generall on the left hand againe the Generall of the Horse and then the Quarter-Master-Generall on one hand and the Muster-Master-Generall on the other after them shall every Colonell sit according to his place as here followes first the Colonell of our Life-Regiment or of the Guards of our owne person then every Colonell according to their places of antiquity If there happen to be any great men in the Army of our subjects that be of good understanding they shall cause them to sit next these Officers after these shall sit all the Colonells of strange Nations every one according to his antiquity of service 144. All these Judges both of higher and lower Courts shall under the blue Skies thus sweare before Almighty God that they will inviolably keep this following oath unto us I. R. W. doe here promise before God upon his holy Gospell that I both will shall Judge uprightly in all things according to the Lawes of God of our Nation and these Articles of Warre so farre forth as it pleaseth Almighty God to give me understandâ—ng neither will I for favour nor for hatred for good will feare ill will anger or any gift or bribe whatsoever judge wrongfully but judge him free that ought to be free and doom him guilty that I finde guilty as the Lord of Heaven and Earth shall help my soule and body at the last day I shall hold this oath truly 145. The Judges of our highest Court shall take this their oath in the first Leaguer where our Campe shall be pitched our Generall and the rest appointed to set with him shall repaire to the place where we shall appoint before his Tent or other where where an Officer appointed by us shall first take his oath and then the others oathes also 146. When the President of our lower Courts shall heare this foresaid oath read before them then shall they hold up their hands and sweare to keep it in like manner so often as any Court is to be holden in any Regiment the aforesaid oath shall be read before all them that sit in judgement with him who shall also hold up their hands and promise to keepe the oath aforesaid 147. In our highest Court there shall be one sworne Secretary appointed who shall make a diligent record of all the proceedings that shall fall out either in any pitcht Battell Skirmish Leaguer or any other peece of service whatsoever he
shall take the note both of the day place and houre with all other circumstances that shall happen he shall also set his hand unto all sentences signed by our Generall he shall have also two Clerkes or Notaries under him who shall ingrosse all these passages and keepe a true Register of all enterprises that our Generall with his Counsell of Warre shall give order to have done and likewise of what letters be either written or received 148. In our highest Court there shall be one Vice-President who shall command the Serjeant at Armes whose office is to warne in all the Judges of the Court that they may there appeare at the time and place appointed and also to give the same notice both unto the Plaintife and Defendant 149. In all lower Courts also there shall be one sworne Clerke or Secretary who shall likewise hold the same order that is mentioned in our highest Court. 150. Our highest Court shall be carefull also to heare and judge all criminall actions and especially cases of conspiracy or treason practised or plotted against us or our Generall either in word or deed secondly if any gives out dishonourable speeches against our Majesty thirdly or consulteth with the enemy to betray our Leaguer Castle Towne Souldiers or Fleet any way whatsoever fourthly if any there be partakers of such treason or treachery and reveale it not fifthly or any that hath held correspondency and intelligence with the enemy sixthly if any hath a spite or malice against us or our Country seventhly if any speake disgracefully either of our owne or our Generalls person or indeavours eightly or that intendeth treachery against our Generall or his Under-Officers or that speaketh disgracefully of them 151. All questions in like manner happening betwixt Officers and their Souldiers if they suspect our lower Court to be partiall any way then may they appeale unto our highest Court who shall decide the matter 152. If a Gentleman or any Officer be summoned to appeare before the lower Court for any matter of importance that may touch his life or honour then shall the same be decided by our higher Court. 153. All civill questions that be in controversie in our lower Court if the debt or fine extends unto five hundred Dollars or seventy five pounds or above if the party complaines of injustice they may thence appeale unto the higher Court if so be they can first prove the injustice 154. All other occasions that may fall out be they civill or be they criminall shall first come before the lower Court where they shall be heard and what is there by good evidence proved shall be recorded 155. Any criminall action that is adjudged in our lower Court we command that the sentence be presented unto our Generall we will not have it presently put in execution untill he gives command for it in our absence But our selves being in person there present will first take notice of it and dispose afterwards of it as we shall think expedient 156. In our higher Court the Generall Parforce or his Lieutenant shall be the Plaintife who shall be bound to follow the complaint diligently to the end he may the better informe our Counsellors who are to doe Justice if it be a matter against our selves then shall our owne Advocate defend our action before our Court. 157. The same power the Parforce of every Regiment shall have in our lower Court which Parforce shall be bound also to give notice of every breach of those Articles of warre that the infringer may be punished 158. Whatsoever fine is by the aforesaid Judges determined according to our Articles of warre and escheated thereupon shall be divided into three parts Our owne part of the fine we freely bestow upon the severall Captains either of Horse or Foot which is forfeited by their Officers and Souldiers the forfeiture of every Captain we bestow upon their Colonell and the forfeiture of every Colonell we give unto our Generall The other two parts belonging either to the party to whom it is adjudged or to the Court those leave we undisposed the point of Treason onely excepted and this gift of ours unto our Officers is to be understood to indure so long as the Army be in the field upon any strength or worke and till they come home againe after which time they shall come under the law of the land like the other inhabitants 159. Whensoever our highest Court is to sit i◠shal be two houres before proclaimed through the Leaguer that there is such an action criminall to be there tried which is to be decided under the blue skies but if it be an action civill then may the Court be holden within some tent or otherwhere then shall the souldiers come together about the place where the Court is to be holden no man presuming to come too neere the table where the Judges are to sit then shall our Generall come formost of all and the other his associats two and two together in which order they all comming out of the Generalls tent shall set themselves down in the Court in the order before appointed the Secretaries place shall be at the lower end of the table where he shall take diligent notice in writing of all things declared before the Court thē shall the General Parforce begin to open his complaint before them and the contrary party shall have liberty to answer for himselfe untill the Judges be throughly informed of the truth of all things 160. If the Court be to be holden in any house or Tent they shall observe the same order in following the Generall in their degrees where they shall also sit as is afore mentioned 161. The matter being throughly opened and considered upon according to the importance of it and our whole Court agreeing in one opinion they shall command their sentence concerning the same action to be publikely there read in the hearing of all men alwayes reserving his Majesties further will and pleasure 162. In our lower Court they shall also hold the same order saving that the particular Court of every Regiment shall be holden in their owne quarters 163. In this lower Court they shall alwayes observe this order namely that the President sits at the bords end alone the Captaines Lieutenants and Ensignes on either side so many inferiour Officers also upon each side that so they may the better reason upon the matter amongst themselves Last of all shall the Clerke or Secretary sit at the lower end of the Table the one party standing upon one hand and the other upon the other 164. So soone as the sentence is given the President shall rise up and all that sit with him but doom being given by our Generall that one of the parties must lose his head hand or the like then shall they command the Parforce to take him away to Prison which done the Parforce shall send unto the Minister to desire him to visit the Party and to give him the