bleeding Of Gastarde Saffron Chap. xxij †The Description WIlde Saffron hath a rounde stalke of three Cubites long or more decked with lōg narrow dented sharp pricking leaues at the toppe of the braunches are small round pricklcy heades or knoppes the whiche at their opening do bring forth a pleasant Orenge colour floure of a good fauour colour like to the threds of right Saffron whan the floure is withered and past there is found within the prickly heads or knoppes a white long cornered seede wrapped in a certayne hearie downe or chaffe †The Place They vse to plante it in gardens †The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and August Cnicus Carthamus †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cnicus of the Apothecaries and of Mesue of Serapio Cartamus of some Crocus Hortēsis Crocus Saracenicus in Italian Saffrano Sarracinesco in Spanish Alaçor Açfran del huerto y semente de Papagaios in English Bastard Saffron in Frēch Saffran sauuage or Bastard in high Douch Wilden garten Saffron in base Almaigne Wilden Saffraen †The Nature The seede of Bastarde Saffron as Mesue writeth is hoate in the first degree and dry in the second †The Vertues The iuyce of the seede of Saffron brused and pound and dronken with Honied water or the brothe of a Chicken or pullet prouoketh the stoole and purgeth by siege flymie fleumes and sharpe humors Moreouer it is good against the Colike that is to say the payne and stopping of the bowels or guttes and also against the payne in fetching of breath the cough stopping of the breast and it is singuler against the Dropsie Also the iuyce of the same seede put into milke causeth the same milke to congeale and crudde and maketh it of great force to lose and open the belly The floures dronke with Honied water openeth the Liuer and are very good against the Iaundise Also the same floures are very good to be vsed in meates to giue them a yellow colour †The Daunger The seede of Bastard Saffron is very hurtfull to the stomacke causing a desire to vomite and is of harde and slowe operation remayning long in the stomake and entrailles †The Amendement He must put to the same seede somethings comfortable to the stomake as Anise seede Galangall or Mastike or some other good thing to hasten his operation as Gynger Salgemme common salte c. And if it be vsed after this manner it shall not hurte the stomacke at all and his operation shall be more speedy Of Conyza / or Flebane Chap. xxiij ⧠The Kindes THere are two sortes of Conyza as Dioscorides Theophrastus writeth The one called the great or male Conyza the other the small or female Conyza Ouer and bysides these there is a thirde kinde the which is called the middle or meane Conyza †The Description THe greate Conyza hath leaues somewhat large almost like Cowslippe leaues sauing that they are browner and softer The stalke is round couered with a safte Cotton or fine Downe of a foote and halfe long or more towardes the toppe spreading abroade into many small branches vpon which groweth long buddes whiche turne into yellow floures the whiche also do afterward chaunge into Downie heads fleeing away with the wind The roote is somewhat thicke The small Conyza groweth not aboue the heigth of a spanne or foote and differeth not from the first sauing that it is a great deale lesse The floures be of a darke yellow almost like the floures of Tansie or like to the middell of the floures of Cammomill they are both of a strong sauour but the sauour of the greater is more then the small The third and middell kinde of Conyza hath a round white wollish stalke of a foote and a halfe long the leaues be long cottony or wolly The floures at the top of the stalke like to Cammomill but greater not onely of a broune yellow colour in the middell but also round about Conyza maior Great Conyza Conyza media Middell Conyza †The Place The great Conyza for the most parte groweth in dry places The two others grow in valleys that are moyst and grassie and by water sides †The Tyme They floure in the end of Iuly and August †The Names These herbes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Plinie in some place calleth them Cunilagines Theodor Gaza calleth them Policariae and Pulicariae vnknowen in shops one kinde of it is called in English Flebane some call it in high Douch Durwurtz and Donnerwurtz in Spanish Attadegua Theophrast calleth the great Conyza the male and the smaller Conyza the female †The Nature The great and the small Conyzae are hoate and dry in the third degree The third is of the like substaunce but not so hoate †The Vertues The leaues and floures of Conyza boyled in wine and dronken haue great power to prouoke the floures and to expell the dead childe They haue also great power against the hoate pisse and Strangury against the Iaundise and gnawing or gryping paynes of the belly The same taken with vineger is good for the Epilepsie or falling sicknesse The Decoction of Conyza is very profitable to women against the diseases and payne of the Mother if they sitte ouer it in a close vessell or stewe The leaues brused and layde vpon the bitings or stingings of venemouse beasts are very good also they are good to be layde vpō woundes oedemes that is harde lumpes or colde swellings The same mingled with oyle is good to annoynt the body to take away all colde shakings and brusings The same layde strowed or burned in any place driueth away al venemouse beasts and killeth gnattes and flees Of Sterrewurte or Sharewurte Chap. xxiiij †The Description STerrewurte hath a browne hearie and woodish stalke the leaues be lōg thick hearie and of a browne or swartgreene colour At the toppe of the branches groweth three or foure shining floures after the fasshion of Camomill yellow in the middle and set rounde about with small purple leaues in order and fasshion like a Sterre whiche at length do turne into downe or Cotton the plume is carried away with the winde The roote is bearded with hearie strings There is an other kinde of this herbe whose floures are not onely yellow in the middle but the small leaues also growing about the edges in order like the Cammomill floure are also of yellow colour but otherwise like to the first †The Place Sterrewurte groweth vpon small hillockes barrowes or knappes in Mountaynes and high places and sometimes in wooddes and in certaine medowes lying about the riuer of Rheyne †The Tyme It doth most cōmonly floure in August Aster Atticus †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aster Atticus Inguinalis of Vergill Flos Amellus of some Stellaria in Italian Alibio vnknowen in Shoppes in English Sharewurte or
call this kinde of herbe Pigamum and do erroniously vse it for Rue which is called in Greeke Peganon The common sorte call it Rhabarbarum and therefore it is called False or Bastard Rewbarbe but many learned men call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Thalietrum and do vse it for the same But the smal Thalietrum is not Hypecoon as we haue thought it ear this †The Nature Bastard Rewbarbe is of complexion hoate and dry †The Vertues The leaues of Bastard Rewbarbe taken in meate or otherwise loseth the belly The rootes also should seeme to be of the same nature and vertue and for this consideration partly they were called Rewbarbe partely also they were so called bycause their rootes are yellow like Rewbarbe Of water Betony / or Brounewurte Chap. xxxj †The Description BRounewurte hath a square browne hollow stalke large leaues natched or dented rounde about very like vnto Nettell leaues but smother or playner and nothing stinging or burning at all The floures grow about the toppe of the stalkes and are small and tawney hollow like a helmet or a snayle shell The seede is small rounde poynted like to some prety pellots or buttons The roote is white and knobby like the roote of Orpyn or Lyblong wherof we haue spoken Chap. 26. Scrophularia maior There is an other kinde of this herbe like to the first in stalkes leaues floures and huskes or seede vesselles but it differeth in the roote for his roote is not knobby or swollen like to the other but full of threddish strings otherwise there is no difference betwixt this kinde and the other which they call Scrophularia maior for the stalke is also square and the leaues like to Nettell leaues and are cut dented round about in like manner the floures are like to open helmets also c. so that oftentimes those that take nothede to the differēce in the rootes do gather the one for the other There is yet a thirde kinde which is nothing like to the others sauing only in the floures and seede wherein it is very like to the other Scrophularies wherefore wee haue thought good to make mention of it in this place his stalke is right or straight and rounde The leaues are like to Roquet leaues but smaller and browner The floures are like to them aforesayde sauing they be smaller and of a blewe colour straked with small strakes of white The roote is threddy like the roote of the second kinde of Scrophularia and is euerlasting putting forth yearely new springs as also doth the rootes of the other two Scrophularies †The Place The two firste kindes do grow very plentifully in this countrey in the borders of fieldes and vnder hedges and about lakes and ditches The thirde is not found here but onely planted in gardens †The Tyme They floure in Iune and Iuly †The Names The first is called in Shoppes and of the Herboristes Scrophularia maior of some Castrangula Ficaria Millemorbia Ferraria in English Broune wurte and Water Betony in high Almaigne Braunwurtz Sauwurtz and grosz Feigwartzen kraut in base Almaigne groot Speencruyt Helmeruyt Some thinke it to be the herbe that is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Caleopsis and Vrticalabeo The second hath no certayne name in Latine nor of the Apothecaries but in base Almaigne it is called Beeckscuym and S. Anthuenis cruyt this should be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Betonica Aquatica Septentrionalium in English Water Betony The thirde is vnknowen and without name notwithstāding it may be taken for a kinde of Galeopsis bycause his floure is like to an open Helmet †The Nature Scrophularia is hoate and dry in the third degree and of subtill partes †The Vertues The leaues stalke seede roote iuyce of the right Galeopsis or Brounewurte doth waste and dissolue al kindes of tumors swellings and hardnesse if it be pound with vinege rand layde therevpon two or three times a day The leaues stampte and layde to old rotten corrupt spreading and fretting Vlcers or Pockes doth heale them it doth also heale Cankers if it be pound with Salte and layde thereto If a man washe his face with the iuyce of this herbe it taketh away the rednesse of the same The roote eaten drieth vp and healeth the Hemorrhoides the like vertue it hath to be pound and layde too outwardly The seede of Brounewurte dronken killeth wormes The second kinde whiche is the right water Betony is also very good against all corrupt vlcers and consuming sores being layde too as the first The third is not onely vnknowen in name but also in vertues Of herbe Roberte / Pynke needle / and Storkes bill / with other of the same kinde Chap. xxxij †The Kindes THere is found in this contrey diuers sortes of herbes whose seedes belong sharpe like to a Hearons beake or byl the which for the self same cause are all comprehended vnder the name and kindes of Hearons bill The twoo first are described by Dioscorides and other of the auncient writers The fiue other are setfoorth by the later wryters and learned men of our time †The Description THe first kinde of Geranion or Storckes bill his leaues are cut and iagged in many peeces like to Crowfoote his stalkes be slender and parted into sundry braunches vpon which groweth smal floures somwhat like roses or the floures of Mallowes of a light murrey or redde colour after them commeth little round heades with smal long billes like Nedels or like the beakes of Cranes and Hearons wherein the seede is contayned The roote is thicke round shorte and knobby with certayne small strings hanging by it Geranium alterum Doue foote Geranium tertium Storckes bill or Acus Moschata The seconde whiche they call Doue foote hath also smal tender hearie and browne stalkes the leaues are like to the small Mallow cut rounde about The floures be small of a cleare purple colour and do likewise turne into little knappes or heads with billes but yet not so great long as the first Geraniū The thirde kinde also hath tender stalkes rounde and somewhat hearie small leaues cut as it were in little iagges or peeces and before the growing vp of the stalkes the leaues lie spreading vpō the ground the floures are smal of a pleasant light redde after these floures followeth certayne small narrow peakes or beakes as in the others The roote is white of the length of a finger like to Rampions Sideritis tertia aut Geranium Robertianum Herbe Roberte Geranium gruinale The fourth Cranes bill THe fourth hath hearie stalkes like the other but all redde with diuers ioyntes and knots the leaues are much cut and iagged like to Cheruill or Coriander leaues but redder of a more lothsome smell The floures be redde and bringeth forth small bullets like littell heades with sharpe billes The roote is somewhat greene of colour The fifth is like to the aforesayde in
frutefull medowes †The Tyme This leafe is founde with his littell tonge in Aprill and May the whole herbe vanissheth away in Iune †The Names Plinie as some learned men iudge calleth this herb Lingua Linguace and Lingulace it is now called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lingua serpentis in some countries Lancea Christi and in other places Lucciola in English Adders tonge Serpents tonge in French Langue de serpent in highe Douch Naterzunglin in Brabāt On s Heeren speer cruyt and Natertonghesken †The Nature Adders tongue is dry in the third degree and of Nature very like Pyrola Ophioglosson ⧠The Vertues Adders tonge is also good very singuler to heale woundes both inward and outwarde it is also good against burstings or Ruptures to be prepared taken in like sorte as Pyrola The Decoction of the same made with water and dronken is good against hoate feuers the inflammations of the liuer and against all inwarde and outwarde heates The same incorporated or mengled with Swynes grease is good against burning and spreading sores or the disease called the wilde fire also against burnings and all hoate tumors and impostems Of Zunaria Chap. xciiij ⧠The Description THe small Lunarie also bringeth forth but one leafe iagged cut on both sides into fiue or sixe deepe cuttes or natches not much vnlike the leaues of the right Scolopendria but it is longer larger and greener Vpō the sayde leafe groweth a stem of a span long bearing at the top many smal seedes clustering together like grapes The roote is of threedy strings †The Place This herbe groweth vpon high dry and grasie moūtaines or hilles by dales heaths †The Tyme The small Lunarie is founde in May and Iune but afterward it vanisheth away †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Lunaria Lunaria minor of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in English Lunarie or Moonewort in Frēch Petite Lunaire in high Douch Monkraut and klein Monkraut in base Almaigne Maencruyt cleyn Maencruyt The people of Sauoy do call it Tore or Taure †The Nature It is colde dry of temperature very like to Pyrola and Adders tonge Lunaria minor ⧠The Vertues This herb is also very good singuler to heale woūdes of vertue facultie like to Pyrola Serpents tonge very conuenient for all such griefes as they do serue vnto the Alchimistes also do make great accōpt of this herbe about their Science Of Thorow waxe / or Thorowleafe Chap. xcv †The Description THorowleafe hath a round slēder stalke ful of branches the branches passing or going thorow the leaues as if they had bene drawē thorough the leaues whiche be rounde bare tender at the top of the branches growe the floures as it were crownes amōgst small little leaues of a pale or faint yelow colour the which do afterwards chāge into a broune seede The roote is single white somwhat threddy †The Place This herbe groweth in many places of Germany and England in the Corne fieldes amongst the wheate rye They do also plant it in gardens Perfoliatum ⧠The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and August †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Perfoliatum and Perfoliata in English Thorowwaxe and Thorowleafe in French Persefueille in high Douch Durchwachsz in base Almaigne Duerwas It is very doubtful whether this be Cacalia of Dioscorides †The Nature Thorowwaxe is of a dry complexion †The Vertues The decoctiō of Thorowwaxe boyled in water or wine healeth woundes and so doth the greene leaues brused and layde therevpon Thorowwaxe mengled with waxe or with some oyle or oyntment fitte to cure woundes healeth burstings or Harmes of yong Children being layde therevpon The same herbe whan it is yet greene brused and pounde with meale and wine and layde vpon the Nauels of yong Children keepeth vp the bowels drawing them into their naturall place and setleth them that fall too much downe and flaketh the same whan they are blasted vp and swollen And so doth the seede also made into pouder and layde too after the like manner Of Burnet / or Pimpinell Chap. xcvi †The Kyndes PImpinell is of two sortes the great and wilde and the small garden Pimpinell Pimpinella maior Wilde Burnet Sideritis altera Pimpinella minor Garden Burnet †The Description THe great wilde Pimpinell or Burnet hath long round stemmes two or three foote high vpon the whiche groweth leaues somewhat long dented round about and tied by long stemmes tenne or twelue leaues growing by a stemme standing displayed directly one against an other like vnto winges At the top of the stalkes are round knops or heads compact togither as it were of small purles or buttons the which at their opening bring forth small floures of a browne redde colour after them commeth a triangled seede The roote is long and thicke The small or garden Pimpinell is very much like vnto the wilde but it is in all points smaller and of sauour and smell more amiable or pleasant It hath softe and tender stalkes of a foote high or somewhat more set with a softe and fine heare or Cotton The leaues be like vnto the other sauing they be a great deale smaller greene aboue and blewishe vnderneath The floures be not so browne but of an incarnate or liuely redde with small yellow threedes hanging forth of the middest of them The roote is like to the other but a great deale smaller †The Place The wild or great Pimpinell groweth in dry medowes there is stoore of it found growing about Viluorde The small Pimpinell is commonly planted in the gardens of this countrey †The Tyme They do both floure in Iune and sometimes sooner and oftentimes vntill August †The Names Pimpinell is now called in Latine Pimpinella Bipennula Pampinula and of some Sanguisorba Solbastrella in Spanish Frexinna in English Burnet and Pimpinell in high Douch Kolbleskraut Hergotsbartlin Blutkraut and Megelkraut in base Almaigne Pimpinelle This herbe seemeth to be very well like to Sideritis altera of Dioscorides †The Nature Pimpinell is dry in the third degree and colde in the second astringent †The Vertues The decoction of Pimpinell dronken cureth the bloudy flixe the spitting of bloud the pissing of bloud and the naturall issue of women and all other fluxe of bloud The herbe and the seede made into pouder and dronke with wine or water wherein Iron hath bene often quenched doth the like and so doth the herbe alone being but onely holden in a mans hande as some haue writen The greene leaues brused and layde vpon woundes keepe them from inflammation and apostumation Moreouer they are good to be layde vpon phlegmons whiche are hoate tumors swellings and vlcers Pimpinell also is very good to heale woundes and is receyued in drinkes that be made for woundes to put away inflammation and to stanche bleeding to much The leaues of Pimpinell stiped in wine and
that Monophillon were a kinde of Lylie Conuall it hath a leafe not much vnlike the greatest leaues of Iuie with many ribbes or sinewes alongst the same like to a Plantayne leafe the whiche one leafe or single leafe doth alwayes spring vp out of the grounde alone sauing whan the herbe is in floure and seede for than it bareth two leaues vpon a rounde tender stalke like to the other but smaller standing one aboue an other aboue the sayde leaues groweth the small white floures like to Lylie Conuall but not of so strong a sauour after whiche there riseth small bearies or rounde frute whiche is white at the firste and afterward redde The roote is very slender and creepeth in the grounde †The Place Lyllie Conuall and Monophillon growth in shadowie wooddes †The Tyme They do both floure in May. Lilium Conuallium Lillie Conuall Vnifolium Monophillon †The Names Lyllie Conuall is now called in Latine Lilium conuallium that is to say the Lyllie of the vallie in English Lyllie conuall May blossoms May lyllies Lyryconfancy in Frēch Grand Muguet in high Douch Meyenblumlin in base Almaigne Meybloemkens Monophillon is now called in Latine Vnifolium it may be also called in English one Leafe one Blade or Singleleafe in high Douch Einblat and in base Almaigne Eenbladt and it should seeme to be a kinde of Lillie conuall seing that it is so well like vnto it in floures and seede †The Nature They be in complexion hoate and dry like the Lillies †The Vertues They write that the water of the floures of Lyllie conuall distilled with good strong wine and dronken in the quantitie of a sponefull restoreth speach to them that are fallen into the Apoplexie that it is good for them that haue the Paulsie and the Goute and it comforteth the Harte The same water as they say doth strengthen the Memorie and restoreth it agayne to his naturall vigor whan thorough sicknesse it is diminished Besides this they say also that it is good to be dropped in against the inflāmation and watering of the eyes The roote of Monophillon is counted of some late writers for a soueraigne and speciall remedie against the Pestilence and alpoyson whan the weighte of halfe a Dragme of the pouder of the sayde roote is giuen in vineger or good wine or in both mixte togither according to the nature or complexion of the sicke so that vpon the receyte thereof they go to bedde and sweate well Monophillon is good to be layde with his roote vnto greene woundes to preserue them from inflammation and Apostumation Of Calfes snowte / or Snap Dragon Chap. xxvij †The Kindes THere are in this countrie two sortes of this herbe the one great and the other small The great hath brode leaues and it is the true Antirrhinum of Dioscorides The smaller kinde hath long narrow leaues Antirrhinon The great snap Dragon or Calues snowte Orontium Small Calues snowte ⧠The Description THe great Antirrhinon hath straight round stemmes full of branches the leaues be of a darke greene somewhat long and broade not muche vnlike the leaues of Anagallis or Punpernell alwayes two leaues growing one against an other like the leaues of Anagallis There groweth at the top of the stalke alongst the brāches certayne floures one aboue an other somwhat long and broade before after the fasshion of a frogs mouth not muche vnlike the floures of Tode flaxe but muche larger and without tayles of a faint yellowissh colour After them comme long round huskes the foremost part whereof are somwhat like to a Calfes snowte or Moosell wherin the seede is conteyned There is also an other kinde of great Antirrhinum whose leaues belong narrow almost like to the leaues of Tode flaxe whiche beareth sometimes a redde floure sometimes a faynt redde and sometimes a white floure else in all things like to the aboue saide The small Antirrhinum his stalkes be small and tender not very full of branches his leaues be long and narrow betwixte whiche and the stalkes growe the small red floures like to the aforesayde floures but a great deale smaller Whan they are past there riseth vp small rounde heades or knappes with little hooles in them like to a dead scull within whiche is conteyned smal seede †The Place The first and great Antirrhinum groweth not in this countrey but in the gardens of certayne Herboristes where as it is sowen The second groweth in some fieldes of this countrie by high wayes and vnder hedges †The Tyme The great Antirrhinum floureth in August and Iuly The small Antirrhinum beareth floures in Iuly †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Antirrhinum and Syluestris Anagallis in English Calfes snowte and Snapdragon in French Grand Antirrhinum and Moron violet in Douch Orant and of some Calfs nuese The second kinde is called of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Orontium in English small Snapdragon or Calfs snowte in French Petit Antirrhinum in Douch cleyne Orant of this kinde Galen hath made mention in lib 9. de Medicamentis secundùm loca amongst the Medicines whiche Archigenes made for them that haue the Iaunders And it seemeth to be the Phyteuma of Dioscorides called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 †The Nature The great Antirrhinum is hoate and of like nature and complexion vnto Aster Atticus called in English Sharewurte as Galen wryteth The small is hoate and dry and of suttell partes †The Vertues Some haue writen that who so carrieth about him the great Antirrhinum cannot take harme or be hurte with any venim or poyson whatsoeuer The small Antirrhinum doth scatter away and consume the yellow colour of the bodie whiche remayneth after one hath had the Iaundice if one be well wasshed with the decoction thereof Of water lyllie Chap. xxviij †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of water Lyllies that is to say the yellow the white not onely differing in floure but also in roote †The Description THe white water Lillie hath great broade roundishe leaues sometimes fleeting or swimming aboue the water and somtimes vnder the which all do spring vp from the roote vpon long rounde smooth stalkes The floures do also growe vpon suche like stemmes comming from the roote and they haue in the middle many yellow threedes or thrommes compassed round about with xxvj or xxviij white leaues set in very good order each leaf almost as large as ones finger or like in proportiō to the leaues of Houselike or Sengreene Whan the floures be past there cōme in their steede rounde knoppes or bolliens wherin the seede lieth which is large and swarte The roote is blacke and rough sometimes of the bignesse of ones arme with many threedy strings The yellow water Lyllie his leaues be very muche like to the white his floures be yellow and smaller then the floures of the white the whiche being fallen there
or as it were embrace or clippe aboute the stalke the spikie tuffte is short and thicke with a number of floures of a bright or white purple colour speckled on the inside with a great many purple spottes and small darke lynes fasshioned also like to an open Hoode or Helmet out of whiche also there hang certayne thinges as it were small rabbets or yong myse or littell men without heades with their armes legges spread and cast abroade in like manner as they were wonte to paynte little chyldren hanging out of Saturnes mouth at the foote of the stalke are a couple of roūd buttons as big as Nutmegges with certayne great hearie strings or thredes annexed or growing by them Cynosorchios prima species The first kinde of Standergrasse or Dogges Cullion Cynosorchios tertia species The thirde kinde of Dogges Cullion The thirde kinde of Cynosorchios putteth vp narrow straked leaues narrower than the leaues of the seconde Cynosorchios somewhat lyke the leaues of Rybworte Plantayne a shorte stemme of nine inches long The floures growe thicke togither in a shorte spykie busshe or tuffte of a Chestnutte or darke purple colour without and whitishe within his rootes also are like to a payre of stones or Cullions wherof also one is bigger than the other The fourth Cynosorchios in his floures is like to the thirde but in leaues it is like the second kinde The fifth Cynosorchios his leaues be somewhat broade like to the second and his spike like bushe or toppe is meetely long but his floures are of a faint or pale greene colour and that ragged thing which hangeth downe out of them is as it were foure square the rootes are like to the rest †The seconde Kinde THe second kinde of Orchios called Testiculus Morionis is of twoo sortes Male and Female Testiculus Morionis mas Fooles Cullion the male kinde Testiculus Morionis foemina Fooles Cullion the female The male kind hath fiue or sixe long broade and smooth leaues almost like to Lillie leaues sauing they are full of blacke spottes the small floures do likewise grow altogither in a spykie busshe or tuffte in proportion like to a Fooles hoode or Coxcombe that is to say wide open or gaping before and as it were crested aboue hauing cares standing vp by euery side and a tayle hanging downe behinde of a violet colour and pleasant sauour The Female his leaues are likewise smooth The floures also are somwhat like the Male sauing they haue not such smal eares standing vp Of these some be of a deepe violet colour some white as Snow and some Carnation or flessh colour Of this kinde there is also an other sorte with narrow straked leaues like to the leaues of narrow Plantayne whiche some cal Ribworte The floures of this kinde are of an orient redde purple colour Testiculus morionis mas alter Another fooles cullion of the male kind Testiculi morionis feminae species A kinde of female fooles Cullion There is yet an other muche smaller kinde with fiue or sixe small leaues and a fewe small floures thin set and standing farre a sonder one from another of a sleight violet colour turning towarde Azure or skie colour and sometimes white or of a decayed and darke purple colour and of a grieuous vnpleasant sauour ¶ The thirde Kynde THe thirde kinde of Orchios called in Latine Hirci testiculus and Tragorchis his leaues are like to the firste leaues of the Lillie sauing they be smaller but yet they be larger than any of the leaues of the other Orchios The stalke is of a foote long and oftentimes wrapped aboute alowe with some leaues vpon the sayde stalke or stemme groweth a greate many of small floures togither in a spikie tuffte or bushe of a very strong fasshion or making much like to a Lezarde bycause of the twisted or wrythen tayles and speckled heades Euery one of the sayde floures alone is at the firste as it were a small rounde close huske of the bignesse or quantitie of a Pease and whan it openeth there groweth out of it a little long and slender tayle the whiche is white aboue where as it is fastened to the stalke and speckled with redde speckes hauing vpon eache side a small thing adioyned to it like to a little legge or foote the residue of the Tragorchis sayde tayle is twisted about hangeth downewarde The floure is of a ranke stinking sauour like to the smell of a Goate and prouoketh headache if it be much and often smelled vnto The rootes are like a couple of Nutmegges or a payre of stones †The fourth Kynde THe fourth kinde of Orchios called Scrapias is of three sortes one hauing a floure somewhat like a Butterflie an other hath in his floure a certayne figure of a Dorre or Drone Bee the thirde hath in it the proportion of a certayne flie The firste Serapias Orchis hath two or three leaues somewhat long broade smooth yet not so large as the leaues of white Lillies the stalke is of a foote long on which groweth here and there in a spikie bushe or top certayne pleasant white floures somwhat like Butterflies with a little tayle hanging behind in whiche is a certaine sweete iuyce or moisture like hony in tast and the sayde floures are ioyned to the stemme as it were with small twisted stalkes the rootes are like to the other sortes of Orchis The secōd Serapias Orchis hath narrow leaues certaine of them are crokedly turned and wrythed aboute next the groūd the other grow about the stalke whiche is of a span or nine inches long aboute the top whereof grow certayne floures whose lowest or basest leafe is like to a Dorre or Droone Bee but the vpper parte and leaues of the floure are sometimes of agreenish colour but most commonly of a light violet or skie colour The third which is the least of al the Serapias Orchis hath small floures like to a kinde of Horseflies Orchis Serapias primus Orchis Serapias alter †The fifth Kynde THe fifth kind of Orchis is the least of all and commonly it hath not aboue thre smal leaues with veynes somewhat like Plantayne but no bigger than fielde Sorrell or the small leaues of the cōmon Daysies The stalke is small and slender of a span long aboute whiche growe little white floures of a sweete sauour almost like to Lyllie Conuall placed in a certayne order and winding aboute the stalke like to a kinde of Hatbande or the rolling of a Cable Rope the roote is like to a payre of Stones or small long kernelles wherof one is harde and firme the other is lighte and Fungus or spungie †The Place The Stādelwurts or Stādergrasse do grow most cōmōly in moyst places marisshes woodes and medowes and some delite to grow in fatte clay groundes as the kinde whiche is called Tragorchis whiche lightly groweth in very good ground some grow in barren ground But the sweete Orchis or Ladie traces are moste commōly to be found
be ministred to any and also in what sort the body that shall receiue it ought to be prepared it hath ben very well and largely described by diuers olde Doctors wherof I minde not to intreate bycause the rules to be obserued be so long that they cannot be comprehended in fewe wordes for they may well fyll a booke and bycause Galen teacheth that one ought not to minister this vehement and strong roote in inwarde medicines but onely to apply the same outwardly Therefore it is good to be vsed agaynst all roughnesse of the skinne wylde scurffe knobbes foule spottes and the leprey if it be layde thereto with Oyle or Oyntmentes The same cut into gobbins or slices and put into fistulas taketh away the hardnesse of them The same put vnder in manner of a Pessarie bringeth downe flowers and expelleth the dead childe The powder thereof put into the nose or snift vp into the same causeth snesing warmeth and purgeth the brayne from grosse slymie humours causeth them to come out at the nose The same boyled in vineger and holden in the mouth swageth toothache and mingled with eye midicines doth cleare and sharpen the sight The roote of Hellebor pounde with meale and hony is good to kill Myse and Rattes and suche lyke beastes and to driue them away lykewyse if it be boyled with mylke and Waspes and Flyes do eate thereof it killeth them for whatsoeuer doth eate of it doth swell and breake and by this we may iudge howe perilous this roote is †The Daunger White Ellebor vnprepared and taken out of time and place or to muche in quantitie is very hurtfull to the body for it choketh and troubleth all the inwarde partes draweth togyther and shrinketh al the sinewes of mans body and in fine it sleaeth the partie Therfore it ought not to be taken vnprepared neyther than without good heede and great aduisement For such people as be either to yong or to old or feeble or spit blood or be greeued in their stomackes whose breastes are straight and narrowe and their neckes long suche feeble people may by no meanes deale with it without ieobardie and danger Wherfore these landleapers Roges and ignorant Asses which take vpō them without learning and practise do very euill for they giue it without discretion to al people whether they be young or olde strong or feeble and sometimes they kil their patientes or at the least they put them in perill or great daunger of their lyues Of wilde white Ellebor or Nesewurte Chap. xxv †The Description THis herbe is lyke vnto the white Ellebor abouesayd but in al partes it is smaller it hath a straight stalke with Sinowey leaues like the leaues of Plantaine or white Ellebor but smaller The flowers hang downe from the stalke of a white colour holowe in the middle with small yellowe and incarnate spottes of a very strange fashion whan they are gone there cōmeth vp smal seede like sande closed in thicke huskes The rootes are spread here and there full of sappe with a thicke barke of a bitter taste †The Place This herbe groweth in Brabant in certayne moyst medowes and darke shadowie places †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 bicause it is lyke in fashion to White Hellebor in Latine Helleborine and Epipactis in high Douche Wildt wit Niescruyt that is to say Wilde white Ellebor Some thynke that Eleborine is an herbe lyke to Elleborus onely in vertues and not in fashion These fellowes wyl not receiue this herbe for Helleborine but by this they may know their errour bycause neyther Galen nor Dioscorides do attribute any of the properties of Ellebor to Helleborine †The Nature This herbe is of hoate and drie complexion †The Vertues The decoction of Helleborine dronke openeth the stoppinges of the liuer and is very good for such as are by any kinde of meanes diseased in their liuers or haue receiued any poyson or are bitten by any manner venemous beast Helleborine Of blacke Hellebor Chap. xxvi Veratrum nigrum Dioscorides Blacke Hellebor Planta Leonis Christwort †The Kyndes VNder the name of Helleborus niger that is to say blacke Ellebor are comprehēded by the Herboristes of our time three sortes of herbes whereof the first is muche lyke in description to Helleborus niger of Dioscorides The seconde is a strange herbe not muche differing in vertue from the true blacke Hellebor and is called Christes herbe and is much lyke in description to Helleborus niger that Theophrastus speaketh of The thirde is commonly called of the lowe Douchmen Viercruyt that is to say Fierwurte Pseudo helleborus ▪ Bastard Hellebor the blacke Louswurt †The Description THE true blacke Hellebor hath rough blackish leaues parted with foure or fiue deepe cuttes like the fashion of the vine leafe or as Dioscorides saith like the leaues of the Plane tree but much lesser the stalkes be euen and playne at the top whereof grow flowers in little tuffetes thicke set like to scabeous of a light blew colour After the falling of whiche flowers commeth the seede whiche is not muche vnlike to wheate The rootes are many small blacke long threddes comming altogither from one head Christes herbe hath great thicke greene leaues cut into seuen or eyght parts whereof eache part is long and sharpe at the top and one halfe thereof is cut and snipt about like a sawe the other halfe leafe next to the stalke is plaine and not cut The flowers grow amongst the leaues vpon short stemmes comming from the roote and are of the bignesse of a grote or shilling of a faire colour as white as snow hauing in the middle many short tender fine threddes tipte with yellow After the flowers haue staide a long time whan they begin to perish they become blew afterward greene After the flowers it bringeth forth foure or fiue cods or huskes ioyning togither almost like the huske of Columbine wherein is conteyned the seede It hath in the steede of a roote many thicke blacke stringes The leaues of Bastard Hellebor are somewhat like the leaues of the aforesaid Christes herbe but muche smaller parted likewise cut into diuers other narrow leaues which are cut round about on euery side like a sawe The flowers come not from the roote but grow vpon the stemmes wher as the leaues take hold are much lesse then the flowers of Christes herbe of a greene or herbelike colour After the passing away of which flowers commeth vp also foure or fiue litle huskes or cods ioyning one in another wherin is seede which is blacke round The rootes are many blacke threddes wouen or interlaced togither Louswurt which Fuchsius counteth for a kinde of blacke Hellebor ye shall finde it hereafter amongst the Aconites whereof it is a kinde The other which Hierom Bock setteth out for blacke Hellebor the which also of the Apothecaries hath ben so
sort is founde another smal kinde like vnto the aforesayd sauing that it is much lesse The fourth kinde called Rosa Solis hath reddishe leaues somewhat rounde hollowe rough with long stemmes almost fashioned lyke little spoones amongst the whiche commeth vp a short stalke crooked at the toppe and carrying little white flowers This herbe is of a very strange nature and maruelous for although that the Sonne do shine hoate and a long time thereon yet you shall finde it alwayes moyst and bedewed and the small heares thereof alwayes full of little droppes of water and the hoater the Sonne shineth vpon this herbe so muche the moystier it is and the more bedewed and for that cause it was called Ros Solis in Latine whiche is to say in Englishe The dewe of the Sonne or Sonnedewe 5. Lycopodium Woolfs Clawe 6. Muscus Marinus Coralin or Sea Mosse The sixth kinde of Mosse called Mosse of the Sea hath many smal stalkes harde and of a stony substance diuided into many ioyntes and many branches growe foorth togither from one hat or litle stony head by the whiche it is fastened vnto rockes 7. Muscus Marinus Theophrasti Fuci species Dioscoridis Slanke Wrake or Lauer. 8. Fuci marinispecies Wrake or Sea girdell The seuēth kind of Mosse wherof The ophrastus spreaketh is a plante without stalke or stemme hearing greene leaues crimpled full of wrinckles and broade not muche differing in fashion from the leaues of some Lettise but muche more wrinckled and drawen togither the whiche leaues come vp many togither growing vpon rockes The eight which is a kinde of Fucus Marinus hath long narrow leaues almost as narrow as a Leeke the roote is thicke ful of branches and rough heared taking holde vpon rockes †The Place The first kinde of Mosse groweth vpon trees especially there where as the grounde is nought Lungwurt groweth vpon Mossie trees in moyst sandie and shadowie places Golden Maydenheare or Goldylockes Polytrichon the Ros Solis and Woolfes clawe do growe in drie waterie Countries and also in feeldes that lye vnmanured or toyled and in some shadowy wooddes The Golden Polytrichon is very common The Sea Mosse groweth vpon stones and rockes in the Sea †The Names The first kind of these plantes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Muscus of Serapio and in Shoppes Vsnea of Aetius Dorcadias in Frenche Mousse in high Douche Mosz in base Almaigne Mosch The best and most fittest for medicine is that whiche groweth vpon the Cedar tree and next to that is that whiche groweth vpon the Popler The seconde kinde is nowe called Pulmonaria in Latine in English Lungwort in high Douch Lungenkraut in base Almaigne Longencruyt in Frēch Herbe aux Poulmons The thirde is called in Douche Gulden Widdertodt in base Almaigne Gulden Wederdoot that is to say Golden Polytrichon of some Iung fraw hare Some thinke it to be Polytrichon Ipuleanum albeit there is but small similitude betwixt the one and the other for Apuleius his Polytrichon is the true Trichomanes of Dioscorides we may cal it in English Goldylockes Polytrichon in Frenche Polytrichon doré The fourth kinde is called in this Countrie Ros Solis in Frenche Rosee de Solcil in Douch Sondaw and of some Sindaw and Loopich truyt The fifth is called in high Douche Beerlap Gurtelkraut Seilkraut Harschar Teuffels clawen in Brabant Wolfs clawen and of some Wincruyt in some Shoppes Spica Celtica and is taken for the same of the vnlearned to the great detriment dammage and hurt of the sicke and diseased people What the Greeke or Latine name is I know not and therefore after the common name I do call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lycopodion that is Pes Lupi in Latine and Pied de Loup in Frenche in Englishe Woolfes clawe The sixth kind is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Muscus marinus that is to say Mosse of the Sea in Frenche Mousse Marine in Douche Zee Mosch in Shoppes it is called Corallina that is to say Herbe Corall and of the vnlearned Soldanella vnto whiche it beareth no kinde of lykenesse The seuenth is called also of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Muscus marinus that is to say Sea Mosse with the large leaues in Frenche Mousse marine a larges fueilles in Brabant Zee Mosch it is to be thought that this is the first kinde of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Fucus or Alga whereof Dioscorides treateth in his fourth booke The eight is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fucus and Alga this is the second kind of Fucus in Dioscorides the which Theophrastus nameth also in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Porrum bycause the leaues are lyke vnto Leeke blades †The Nature The Mosse is drie and astringent or of a binding qualitie without any manyfest heate or colde Lungworte is lyke to the aforesayde sauing that it cooleth more Golden Maydenheare and Woolfes Clawe are drie and temperate in heate and colde The Ros Solis is hoate and drie almost in the fourth degree The Sea Mosse is colde drie and astringent †The Vertues The decoction of Mosse in water is good for women to washe them selues in whiche haue to muche of their naturall sicknesse and put into the nose it stayeth bleeding to conclude it is very well and profitably put into all oyntmentes and oyles that be astringent The Physitions of our time do muche commend this Pulmonaria or Lungwort for the diseases of the lunges especially for the inflammations and vicers of the same if it be made into powder and dronke with water They say also that the same boyled in wine and dronke stoppeth spitting of blood pissing of blood the flowers of women and the laske or fluxe of the belly The same made into powder and cast into woundes stoppeth the bleeding and cureth them Ros Solis brused with Salt and bounde vppon the fleshe or bare skinne maketh blisters and holes euen as Cantharides as you may proue by experience The common sort of people do esteeme this herbe but especially the yellow water distilled of the same to be a singuler and special remedie for such as begin to drie away or are fallen into consumptions and for them that are troubled with the disease called Asthma whiche is a straightnesse in drawing of breath or with any vlceration in their lunges thinking that it is very consolidatiue and that it hath a special vertue to strengthen and nourish the body but that whiche we haue recited before concerning the vertue of this herbe declareth sufficiently that their opinion is false Men vse not Golden Maydenheare nor Woolfes Clawe in medicine Sea Mosse is af a very astringent and preseruing qualitie Therefore men lay it to the beginning of hoate tunours or swellinges and vpon all kindes of gowtes that require refreshing or cooling The same also is very good agaynst wormes
to be made in powder and giuen to take for it stayeth them and driueth them foorth mightily The two other sorts of Mosse of the Sea is also good against flegmons or hoate tumours and the hoate gowte if they be vsed as the first kinde of Sea Mosse commonly called Corallina Of Crowfoote Chap. lxxij †The Kyndes THere be foure kindes of Ranunculus or Crowfoote as Dioscorides and Galen do affirme whereof the first is of many sortes The one hath great thicke leaues the whiche is called Water Crowfoote The seconde hath white leaues and is called White Crowfoote The thirde hath blacke leaues the whiche is called Leopardes Clawes And these be comprised of Apuleius vnder the first kinde The seconde kinde hath rough stalkes and leaues the thirde is small with yellowe flowers The fourth hath white flowers Bysides these there be yet other Crowfootes the whiche growe commonly in gardens whiche are called Butter flowers the whiche are set foorth in the the lxxiiij Chapter And yet there be other as hereafter is declared †The Description Ranunculorum primum genus quadruplex Ranunculus palustris Water Crawfoote Ranunculus albus siue echinatus White Yrchin Crowfoote THE water Crowfoote hath white greene stalkes hollowe and smooth vppon the whiche growe leaues deepely cut or clouen almost lyke the leaues of Parsely or Smalache but muche whiter softer and thicker very hoate and burning in the mouth The flowers be pale in fashion lyke Golde cuppes The which being faded there come vp in their places little heades or knoppes almost lyke the first buddes of Asparagus The roote is compact of a number of white threddes The white or Yrching Crowfoote hath also playne whitishe stalkes vpon the whiche grow leaues also of a whitishe colour very deepely cut and clouen especially the vppermost almost lyke the leaues of Coriander The flowers be lyke them aforesayde when they be fallen away in place of euery flower commeth foure or fiue round graines or beries plat rough like yrching The roote is threddie lyke the other Ranunculus auricomus Golden Crowfoote Pulsatilla Mischieuous Passeflower Golden Crowfoote hath his first leaues somewhat round but afterwarde very muche cut and diuided of a browne greene colour speckled in the midle with brode spottes somwhat blacke or blackish drawing toward the colour of fire The flowers be of a fayre yellowe colour as golde and shining after the flowers there come vp rounde heades or buttons more rougher then the knoppes of water Crowfoote Of this sorte there is yet one kinde founde as Dioscorides and Apuleius are witnesses which beareth a purple flower and the same is yet vnknowen The second kind of Ranunculus that is called Illyricus hath thinne stalkes and thereon grow cut leaues and with white small soft heares the flowers be of a pale yellowe the seede is as the other but the rootes are otherwise and be as many and somwhat more then the wheate or barlie cornes ioyning togither out of the whiche some threddes sprout with the whiche it setteth foorth and multiplieth Of this kind there is yet also another strange Ranunculus and it hath long narrow leaues as grasse of colour after white and blew drawing it out of the greene The flowers seedes are as the aforesaid but the rootes are threddie To this kind of Ranuculus is drawen another herbe which is called Passe-flower and it hath rough hearie stemmes all iagged and small cut or splitte sometimes thicke maned and lying for the most part vpon the grounde at the highest of the stalkes growe flowers almost after the fashion of little Cymballes hauing in the insyde smal yellowe threedes as in the middle of a Rose of colour most purple browne sometimes white and in some places red or yellow and whan the flowers be fallen there commeth vp a round head couered ouer with a certayne gray and browne heare Ranunculus Illyricus Ranunculus Lusitanicus The thirde kinde of Ranunculus is lesser and lower then the aforesayde his leaues be broade and vndiuided and slipperie betweene these two there groweth a stalke and one flower therevpon lyke vnto the other of a fayre yellow colour lyke vnto golde and of a very pleasant smel The rootes are of many cornes gathered the whiche be longer then the rootes of Ranunculus Illyricus The fourth kinde groweth high and hath brode leaues like vnto the Leopardes clawes but bigger the flowers are fashioned as the other of colour white The rootes are muche threeddie Byside these kindes of Ranunculus is yet another stange kind reckoned the whiche is called Troll flowers and it hath great leaues diuided into many partes and cutte rounde about the flowers growe vppermoste of the stalke and are yellow lyke vnto gold fashioned lyke the flowers of Ranunculus but bigger and not whole open but abiding halfe shut thereafter folowe many small coddes togither in the whiche the seede lyeth The rootes are muche threddie Ranunculus albo flore Crowfoote with white flowers Ranunculus flore globoso Trol flowers †The Place Crowfoote of the water groweth in ditches and standing waters sometimes also in medowes and lowe sandy groundes especially in moyst yeres The white and golden Crowfoote groweth in medowes moyst feldes These three kindes be common in this Countrie The seconde kinde of Crowfoote groweth in the Countrie of Illyria and Sardine and loueth sandy and drie ground that is vntoyled and is founde in many places of Fraunce and Almaigne In this Countrie the Herboristes do plant it in their gardens The third Ranunculus is found vpon certaine mountaines in the Countrie of Portingal and of Ciuil The fourth is here in this Countrie very strange The Trol flowers grow vpon the mountaynes of Switserlande †The Tyme The kindes of Crowfootes flower from April til Iune sometimes later †The Names Crowfoote is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Ranunculus of Apuleius Herba seelerata in high Douche Hanenfusz in base Almaigne Hanenvoet that is to say Cockes foote in French Bassinet in Spanish Yerua belida in Italian Pie Coruino The first of the first kinde is called of some in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Apium palustre and Ranunculus palustris in Frenche Grenoillette aquatique or Bassinet deaue in high Douch Wasser epffs Wasser hanenfusz in neather Douchlande Water hanenvoet It may be called in English Water or Marrish Crowfoote The seconde is nowe called in Latine Ranunculus echinatus in Frenche Grenoillette Herissonnée in high Douche Weisz Hanenfusz Ackerhanenfusz in Brabant Witte Hanenvoet in French Bassinet blanc in English White Crowfoote or Vrchin Crowfoote The thirde is called Ranunculus auricomus in Frenche Grenoillette dorée in high Douch Wisen Hanenfusz Schwartz Hanenfusz and Geelb Hanenfusz in base Almaigne Lupaerts clawen and according to the same it is called in Latine Pes Leopardi that is to say Leopardes foote Crowfoote and Golden Crowfoote The second kinde is called Herba Sardoa Apium syluestre Apium rusticum Apiastrum and Apium
accounted another purple flower the leaues be much cut the flowers grow along the stalkes and are of a violet colour of fashion like vnto a Knights Spurre with a litle taile hanging behinde the flower The coddes are as the aforesayde The rootes are ioyning three or foure togither The yellow Woolfes bayne is likewise of two sortes the one great and the other small The great yellowe Woolfes bane hath large blackishe leaues slitte and clouen almost lyke to Crowfoote but farre greater The stemmes be roundishe about two foote high or more at the toppe of those stemmes or brāches grow pale flowers almost like the flowers of wilde Lineseede after which flowers there folow small coddes conteyning a blacke and cornered seede The roote is blacke and very threddy The litle yellowe Woolfes bane is a lower herbe his leaues come foorth of the roote the whiche are deepely cut rounde about the flowers growe vpon some of the leaues and they be of a yellowe colour fashioned lyke vnto one of the Ranunculus flowers Thereafter folowe coddes like vnto the Woolfes bane The rootes be thicke and knotty as on the Anemone †The Place These venemous noughtie herbes are founde in this Countrie planted in the gardens of certayne Herboristes and the blew is very common in diuers gardens The two laste kindes are founde in Almaigne other Countries in lowe valleyes and darke wooddes or wilde forestes The yellowe are also founde vpon wilde mountaynes in darke places †The Tyme These herbes do flower in April May and Iune †The Names This herbe is in called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aconitum lycoctonum and of some Luparia in Frenche Tueloup The first is called in high Douchelande Blowolfwurts Ysenhut and Bloysenhutlin in Neather Douchelande Blauw Wolfs wortele and of some Munckes capkens and therefore they call it in Latine Cucullus Monachi or Cappa Monachi that is to say The Cape or Hoode of the Monke and the second is counted of many learned men to be the right or true Napellus described of Auicen he calleth it Napellus quasi paruus Napus bycause the roote is like to a litle Rape or Nauew called in Latine Napus The yellowe is called of Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lycoctonum Ponticum in Frenche Tueloup iaulne in high Douche Wolffwurtz and Gelbwolffwurtz in Neather Douchlande Geel Wolfe wortell in Englishe Yellowe Woolfes bane playne Woolfes bane and Heath Crowfoote The litle yellowe seemeth well to be that Aconitum the whiche Theophrastus hath spoken of and is nowe called of some Aconitum hyemale bycause it is preserued in the gardens of this Countrie and in the winter it flowreth †The Nature All these Leopardes or Woolfes bane are hoate and drie in the fourth degree and of a venemous qualitie ⧠The Danger Woolfes bane taken into the body inflameth the hart burneth the inwarde partes and killeth the body as it hath ben seene not long sithens in Anwarpe where as some did eate in Salade the roote of blewe Woolfes bane in steede of some other good herbe and died incontinent The kindes of Woolfes bane do not onely kill men but also Woolfes Dogges and suche other beastes if it be giuen them to eate with flesh Of Oleander / or Rose Baye Chap. lxxx †The Description OLeander is a little tree or shrub bearing leaues greater thicker and rougher then the leaues of the Almonde tree the flowers be of a fayre red colour diuided into fiue leaues and not much vnlike a litle Rose The fruite is as long as a finger full of rough hearie seede like the coddes or huskes of Asclepias called in Englishe Swallowe wort †The Place Oleander groweth in some Countries by riuers and the sea syde in pleasant places as Dioscorides writeth in this Countrie in the gardens of some Herboristes Nerium †The Tyme In this Countrie it bringeth foorth his flower in Iune †The Names This plante is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Nicander calleth it also Neris in Latine Laurus rosea and Rosea arbor that is to say Rose tree in Shoppes Oleander in Frenche Rosagine or Rosage in Douche Oleander boom in Englishe Rose tree or Rose Baye tree Oleander and Nerium Nerium †The Nature Oleander is also very hoate and drie of Complexion †The Vertues It hath scarse one good propertie It may be compared to a Pharisee who maketh a glorious and beautifull shewe but inwardly is of a corrupt and poysoned nature God graunt all true Christians and Christian Realmes whereas this tree or any branche thereof beginneth to spread and fiorishe to put to their helping handes to destroy it and all the branches thereof as dissimulation Couetousnesse Briberie syr Symonie and maister Vsurie It is high tyme if it be the wyl of God to supplant it For it hath alredy flowred so that I feare it wil shortly seede fil this holsome soyle ful of wicked Nerium ⧠The Danger Oleander or Nerium is very hurtfull to man but most of all to Sheepe Goates Kine Dogges Asses Mules Horses and al foure footed beastes for it is deadly and killeth them Yea if they do but drinke the water wherein Oleander hath ben stieped or soked it causeth them to dye sodaynly as Dioscorides Plinie and Galen do write Of Poppie Chap. lxxxi †The Kindes THere be three sortes of Poppie as Dioscorides sayth wherof the first kind is white and of the garden the two other are blacke and wilde Papauer satiuum Garden Poppie Papauer syluestre Wilde Poppie †The Description THE garden white Poppie beareth a straight stem or straight smoth stalke about the height of foure or fiue foote in length with long leaues therevpon large and white vneuenly iagged and toothed about at the highest of the sayde stemmes groweth a round bud or button the whiche openeth into a large white flower made of foure leaues the whiche flower hath in the middle many smal hearie threddes with little tippes at the eudes and a round head the which head waxeth great and long wherin is the seede which is white and very necessarie in medicine Of this kinde there is yet another whose flowrie leaues be iagged or frenged in all thinges els lyke to the aforesayde The seconde kinde of Poppie hath his stalkes and leaues much lyke to the white but the flowers be of a fayre red colour and the heades are more rounder and not long The seede is blackish Of this sorte there is found another kind whose flowers be snipt iagged the whiche sometimes be very double lyke to the other The thirde kinde of Poppie is lyke to the two other sortes in leaues and stemmes sauing that it is smaller and beareth moe flowers and headdes The flowers be of a colour betwixt white and red changing towarde blacke hauing blacke spottes at the lower part of euery flowers leaues The heades be somewhat long much smaller then the heades of the others wherein there is also blacke seede and
with white but for the rest there is no great difference in these two herbes †The Description THree leaued grasse of the meddowe hath a rounde tender stalke and leaues somewhat rounde alwaies standing togither vpon a stemme the flowers do grow at the top of the branches or stemmes in tuftes or knoppes tuffed and set full of small flowers of a red purple colour lyke to a short tuffed eare the whiche flowers once vanished there commeth vp rounde seede inclosed in small huskes The roote is long and of a wooddy substance The Trefoyl with the white flowers is muche lyke to the aforesayde but that his stalkes are somwhat rough and hearie and the leaues be longer and narrower and in the middle of euery leafe is sometimes a white spotte or marke lyke to the new Moone The flower is white in all thinges els lyke to the other and groweth after the selfe same fashion †The Place These two kindes of Trefoyles doo growe in all places of this Countrie in medowes especially suche as stande somwhat high Trifolium pratense †The Tyme The three leaued grasse flowreth in May and Iune and sometimes all the Sommer ⧠The Names This kinde of Trefoyl is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Trifolium pratense in Frenche Treffle de pres or Triolet in high Douche Wisen klee and Fleyschblum in base Almaigne Claueren and Ghemeyn Claueren in English Medow Trefoyle or Common Trefoyle †The Nature The Trefoyl is colde and drie as one may easily know by the taste thereof †The Vertues Trefoyl with his flowers or by him selfe boyled in Meade or honied water or wine and dronken doth slake and swage the hoate burning and fretting of the bowels and inwarde partes Of the like vertue is the decoction therof made in water and powred into the body by glister The same decoction dronken in due time and season stoppeth the white flowers in women The flowers or leaues of Trefoyle sodde in Oyle and layd to in manner of a plaister doth ripe hoate inflammations and swellinges other like tumors and breaketh them yea sometimes they do scatter and dissolue them cleane Of sweete Trefoyl Chap. xxxvij †The Description SVeete Trefoyl hath a round holow stalke of two or three foote long or more full of bowes and branches The leaues do alwaies grow three and three togither euen as the common medow Trefoyl but somwhat longer iagged round about like a Sawe At the top of the branches grow flowers clustering togither in knoppes like the flowers of the medowe or common Trefoyl sauing that the tuftes or knappes are not so great as the knappes of the other after the fading of those flowers there come little huskes or sharpe poynted heades wherin the seede lyeth Al the herbe especially when it is in flower is of a very good smel or sauour the whiche as some say looseth his sent or smell seuen times a day recoucreth it againe as long as it is growing but being withered and dried it keepeth still his sauour the whiche is stronger in a moyst and cloudy darke season then when the wether is fayre and cleare †The Place In this Countrie men sowe the sweete Trefoyl in gardens where as it hath bene once sowen it groweth lightly euery yere of the seede which falléth In Maister Riches garden Lotus satiua or Vrbana †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Iuly August during which time the sede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lotus vrbana Lotus saâ—…â—… Trifolium and now a dayes Trifolium odoratum in French Trefle odoriferant in high Douch Siben gezeyt and in base Almaigne Seuen getijde cruyt bycause that seuentymes a day it looseth his sweete sente and smell and recouereth it againe Turner calleth Lotus vrbana in English Garden or Sallet Clauer we may call it sweete Trefoyl or three leaued grasse †The Nature Sweete Trefoyl is temperate in heate and cold taking part of some litle drynesse †The Vertues The sweet Trefoyl doth swage ripe alcold swellings being laid therto The iuyce of the same taketh away the spot or white perle of the eyes called in Latine Argema The Oyle wherin the flowers of the sweet Trefoyl haue ben soked cureth all new woundes and burstinges as some affirme Of wilde Zotus Chap. xxxviij †The Kindes THere is commonly founde in this countrie two sortes of wilde Lotus or Trefoyl with yellow flowers one hauing Coddes and the other none Lotus syluestris Wild Trefoyl Yellow stone Clauer Lotus syluestris minor Petie Clauer or stone Trefoyl †The Description THe first kinde of wilde Lotus is a litle low herbe creeping alongst the grounde The leaues be somewhat lyke to the leaues of the common three leaued grasse or medow Trefoyl almost of an aishe colour The flowers be faire and yellow fashioned like to the flowers of peason but muche smaller the whiche decayed and fallen away there come vp three or foure round coddes standing togither one by another wherein is conteyned a round sede The roote is long reddish The seconde kinde hath rounde stalkes and very small The leaues be like to medow Trefoyl The flowers be yellow growing thicke togither in round knopped heades the which do chaunge into a rounde crooked blacke seede couered with a blacke huske or skinne The whiche seede groweth rounde about the knoppes orderly compassing the same ¶ The Place These two kindes of wilde Lotus or Trefoyl do grow in this Countrie in drie places alongst the feeldes and high wayes †The Tyme These Trefoyles are in flower from after the moneth of Iune al the rest of the Sommer and in the meane season they yeelde their seede †The Names These Trefoyles are nowe called Loti syluestres yet they be not the Lotus syluestris of Dioscorides the which groweth very high and hath seede lyke to Fenugreck The first kind is called in high Douch Wilden klee Steenklee Edelsteenklee Vogels wicken Vnser Frawen schuchlin in Frenche Trefle sauuage taulne in Brabant Steenclaueren and Geelsteenclaueren Wilde Claueren and of some Vogels Vitsen Some take it for a kinde of Melilotus and therefore it is called in Latine Melilotus syluestris or Melilotus Germanica in Englishe The wilde yellowe Lotus the Germaines Melilot or the wilde yellowe Trefoyl The second is called in Frenche Petit Trefle iaulne in high Douche Geelkâ—ee Kleiuer Steenkle and Geel wisen klee in base Almaigne Cleyn steenclaueren and Cleyn geel clauere This shoulde seeme to be a kind of Medica wherof we shall speake hereafter ⧠The Nature and Vertues These herbes are colde drie and astringent especially the first therfore they may be vsed aswell within the body as without in al greefes that require to be cooled and dried Of Melilot Chap. xxxir †The Kyndes THere is nowe founde two sortes of Melilot the one whiche is the right Melilot and the other whiche is
lyke the other but in the corne feldes the borders therof is a noughty hurtful weede to corne the which the husbandmen would not willingly haue in their lande or feeldes therfore they take much payne to weede and plucke vp the same †The Names This grasse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agrostis bycause it groweth in the Gramen Couche grasse corne feeldes whiche are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Agroi therfore men may easily iudge that the common grasse is not Agrostis This grasse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Gramen in French Grame or Dent au chien in base Almaigne Ledtgras and Knoopgras and of the Countrie or husbandmen Poeen in Englishe Couche and Couche grasse †The Nature Couche grasse is colde and drie of complexion †The Vertues The roott of Couche grasse boyled in wine and dronken doth swage and heale the gnawing paynes of the belly prouoketh vrine bringeth forth grauel and is very profitable against the strangurie The same with his leaues newe brused healeth greene woundes and stoppeth blood if it be layde thereto Of wall Barley or way Bennet Chap. xlv †The Description PHoenix is a kind of vnprofitable Grasse in eare and leaues almost like Iuray or Darnel but smaller shorter It hath leaues meetely long and large almost like Barley but smaller The litter or stems is short full of ioyntes and reddish The eares growe in fashion like Iucay but the litle knoppes or eares stande not so farre asunder one from an other There is yet another grasse much like to the aforesaid the which groweth almost throughout al medowes and gardens Neuerthelesse his leaues be narrower the stalkes smaller and are neuer red but alwayes of a sad greene colour and so is all the residue of the plant whereby it may be very wel discerned frō the other Phoenix ¶ The Place Phoenix groweth in the borders or edges of feeldes and is founde in great quantitie in the Countrie of Liege or Luke And as Dioscorides writeth groweth vpon houses †The Tyme Phoenix is ripe in Iuly and August as other grayne is †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Phoenix and of some Lolium rubrum in Englishe Wall Barley or Way Bennet it may be called Red-Ray or Darnell †The Nature Phoenix drieth without sharpnesse as Galen writeth †The Vertues Phoenix taken with red wine stoppeth the fluxe of the belly and the abundant running of womens flowers and also the inuoluntarie running of vrine Some do write that this herbe wrapped in a Crymson skinne or peece of leather and bounde fast to a mans body stoppeth bleeding Of Hauer Grasse Chap. xlvi †The Description BRomus or Hauergrasse is also an vnprofitable grasse much like to Otes in leaues stemmes and eares sauing that the grasse or leaues be smaller the stalkes or motes be both shorter and smaller and the eares are longer rougher more bristeled or bearded standing farther asunder one from the other †The Place It groweth in the borders of feeldes vpon bankes and Rampers alongst by way sides †The Tyme It is to be found in eare wel neare all the sommer †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Bromus and as a difference from Otes whose Greeke name is Bromus they put to this addition 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Bromus herba and Auena herba It had this name first bycause of the likenesse it hath with Otes it is called in Frenche Aueron or Aueneron we may call it in Englishe Hauer or Ote grasse Bromus †The Nature Bromus is of a drie complexion †The Vertues This herbe and his roote boyled in water vntil the third part be consumed and afterwarde the same decoction boyled agayne with hony vntill it waxe thicke is good to take away the smel or stenche of the sores in the nose if it be put in with a weeke or matche but especially if you put to it Aloes The same also boyled in wine with dried roses amendeth the corrupt smell of the mouthe if it be washed throughly therwithall Of Stitchwurt Chap. xlvij †The Description THis herbe hath round tender stalkes ful of knots or ioyntes creeping by the ground at euery ioynt grow two leaues one against another hard brode and sharpe at the endes The flowers be white diuided into fiue small leaues when they be fallen away there growe vp litle round heades or knoppes not much vnlike the knops or heades of Line wherin the seede is The rootes be small and knottie creeping hither and thither †The Place It groweth in this Countrie alongst the fieldes and vnder hedges and busshes †The Tyme A man may finde it in flowers in Aprill and May. †The Names This herbe hath the likenesse of the herbe called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Crataeogonum Crataeonum and Crataeus it is called in high Douche Augentroostgras and the Brabanders folowing the same call it Oogentroostgras that is to say Grasse comforting the eyes And may wel be named Gramen Leucanthemum ⧠The Nature The seede of Crataeogonum heateth and dryeth †The Vertues Men haue written that if a woman drinke the seede of Crataeogonum three daies togither fasting after the purging of her flowers that the childe which she may happen to conceiue within fourtie dayes after shal be a man childe Gramen Leucanthemum Of Gupleuros Chap. xlviij †The Description BVpleuron hath long narrowe leaues longer larger then the blades of grasse otherwise not muche vnlyke The stalkes be of a three or foure foote long or more rounde vpright thicke full of ioyntes the whiche do part and diuide agayne into many branches at the toppe whereof there growe yellow flowers in round tuftes or heades afterward the seede whiche is somewhat long There is another herbe much like to the aforesayd in fashion and growing sauing that his leaues which are next the grounde are somewhat larger the stemme or stalke is shorter and the roote is bigger and of a wooddy substance in al thinges els lyke to the aforesayde ¶ The Place This herbe groweth not of it selfe in this Countrie but the Herboristes do sowe it in their gardens The seconde is founde in the borders of Languedoc †The Tyme It flowreth and bringeth foorth seede in Iuly and August †The Names The first is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Bupleurum we know none other name The seconde sort is called of the Herboristes of Prouince Auricula Leporis It is very lyke that which Valerius Cordus nameth Isophyllon Bupleuri prima species The first kind of Bupleures Bupleurialtera species The second kind of Bupleures †The Nature Buplerum is temperate in heate and drynesse †The Vertues This herbe in time past was vsed as pot herbe and counted of Hippocrates as a conuenient food as Plinie writeth The leaues of the same
that in proportion of flowers and pouches it is like to Red Rattel in high Douch Geel Rodel in base Almaigne Geel and witte RateleÌ„ of some Hanekammekens that is to say Hennes Commes or Coxecombes also yellowe or white Rattel This may wel be that herbe whereof Plinie writeth in his xviii booke the xxviii Chapter and there is called Nimmulus the which is very hurtfull to medowes ¶ The Nature Both of these herbes are colde drie and astringent †The Vertues Redde Rattel is taken of the Physitions in these dayes against the fluxe menstruall and all other issue of blood boyled in wine and drunken The other kinde hath no peculier vertue that I knowe Of the Thistel Chameleon Chap. lvii †The Kindes Chamaeleon is of two sortes as Dioscorides writeth the white and the blacke The figures which my Aucthor attributeth to Leucacantha wil agree well with this description and they be so placed of Matthiolus †The Description THe great Chameleon hath great brode prickley leaues not much vnlike the wilde Thistle but rougher sharper the which leaues are greater stronger grosser then the leaues of the blacke Chameleon amongst which leaues there riseth immediatly from the roote a prickley head or bowle almost like the heades of Hartichokes and beareth a purple thrommed flower like veluet The seede is almost lyke the seede of bastarde saffron The roote is long and white within of a sweete taste and aromaticall smell The blacke Chameleons leaues are also almost lyke to the leaues of the wilde Thistel but smaller and finer and sprinckled or spotted with red spottes The stemme is reddish or browne red of the bignesse of a finger groweth to the height of a foote whervpoÌ„ grow round heades with smal prickley flowers of diuers coloures whereof eche flower is not much vnlyke the flowers of the Hyacynthe The roote is great firme or strong blacke without and yellowish within sharpe and biting the tongue the whiche for the most part is found as it were already tasted or bitten †The Place The white Chameleon groweth vpon hilles and mountaynes such lyke vntoyled places Yet for all that it desyreth good grounde It is founde in Spayne in the region of Arragon by the high way sides The blacke groweth in drye soyles and places neare the Sea †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamaeleo albus of Apuleius Carduus syluaticus of some also Erisisceptrum lxâ—â— Carduus varinus Carduus irinus Carduus lacteus Matthiolus sayth that the Italians cal this herbe Carlina in Spayne Cardo pinto in Frenche Carline The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Chamaeleo niger of some Pancarpon Vlophonon Cynomazon Cynoxylon Ocymoides Cnidos coccos Carduus niger Veruilago Vstilago c. Both these kindes are vnknowen in this Countrie ⧠The Nature Chameleon is temperate in heate and drynes specially the blacke the which is almost hoate in the seconde degree and altogither drie in the thirde degree †The Vertues The roote of the white Chameleon dronken with redde wine wherin Origanum hath bene sodden killeth and bringeth foorth large or brode wormes The same boyled in good wine is very good for such as haue the Dropsie and strangurie for it delayeth the swelling of them that haue the Dropsie and dispatcheth vrine It is good against al kindes of venome or poyson that may be giuen The roote of the blacke Chameleon is not very meete to be receiued inwardly for it is indued with a certayne hidden euill qualitie as Galen sayth and therefore it was neuer ministred of the Auncientes but in outward medicines The same with a litle Copperose and Swines grease healeth the scabbe and if you put thereto of Brimstone and Rosen or Tarre it wil heale the hoate running or creeping scabbe or scurffe foule tetters and all noughtie itche or manginesse The same layde to in the Sonne but onely with Brimstone putteth away the creeping scabbe and tetter white spottes sonne burning and other suche deformities of the face The decoction of this roote boyled in water or vineger being holden in the mouth healeth the tooth ache The lyke propertie hath the roote broken or brused with Pepper and Salt to be applyed and layde vppon the noughtie tooth Of Sea Holly Chap. lviij †The Kindes IN this Countrie is founde two kindes of Eryngium the one called the great Eryngium or Eryngium of the Sea and the other is called but Eryngium onely Eryngium marinum Sea Holly Eryngium vulgare The hundred headed Thistel †The Description THE great Eryngium hath great large whitishe somewhat rounde and thicke leaues a litle crompled or cronkeled about the edges set here and there with certayne prickles rounde about vppon the edges the sayde leaues be of an aromaticall or spicelyke taste The stalkes be rounde and growe about the height of a foote of a reddishe colour belowe neare the grounde vpon the toppes of the branches come foorth round knoppie and sharpe prickley heades about the quantitie of a nut set rounde about full of small flowers most commonly of a Celestiall or skie colour and in this Countrie they haue small tippes or white markes And harde ioyning vnder the flowers grow fiue or fixe small prickley leaues set in compasse round about the stalke like a starre the whiche with the vppermost part of the stemme are altogither of a skie colour in this Countrey The roote is of ten or twelue foote long and oftentimes so long that you cannot drawe it vp whole as bigge as ones finger full of ioyntes by spaces and of a pleasant taste The seconde kinde hath broade crompled leaues al to pounced and iagged whitish set rounde about with sharpe prickles The stalke is of a foote long with many branches at the toppe whereof growe rounde rough and prickle bullettes or knoppes like to the heades of Sea Holly or Huluer but muche smaller vnderneath which knoppes grow also fiue or fixe small narrow sharpe leaues set rounde about the stemme after the fashion of Starres The roote is long and playne or single as bigge as a mans finger blackishe without and white within †The Place Erynge as Dioscorides writeth groweth in rough vntoyled feeldes it is founde in this Countrie in Zealand Flaunders vpon banckes and alongst by the Sea coast The common Erynge groweth also in this Countrie in the like places it groweth also in Almaigne alongst by the riuer Rhene and in drie Countries by the high wayes There is plentie growing about Strasbourge †The Tyme Both these kindes do bring foorth their flowers in this Countrie in Iune and Iuly ⧠The Names The first kinde of these Thistels is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Eryngium Plinie calleth it also Erynge the writers of our time cal it Eryngium marinum the Arabians with the Apothecaries cal it Iringus in Almaigne Cruyswortele and Endeloos and in some places of Flaunders Meere wortele in
Englishe Sea Holme or Huluer and Sea Holly The other kinde is called in English the Hundred headed Thistel in French Chardon a cent testes in high Douch Manstrew Brachen distel and Rad distel in base Almaigne Cruysdistel in the Shoppes also it is nowe called Iringus This without doubt is a kinde of Eringium the whiche may also very be well called Centumcapita †The Nature Sea Holly is temperate of heate and colde yet of drie and subtil partes The hundred headed Thistell is hoate and drie as one may easyly gather by the taste †The Vertues The first leaues of Eryngium are good to be eaten in Salade and was for that purpose so vsed of the Auncientes as Dioscorides writeth The rootes of the same boyled in wine and dronken are good for them that are troubled with the Colique and gripings of the belly for it cureth them and driueth foorth windinesse The same taken in the same manner bringeth foorth womens natural sicknesse It is good to drinke the wine wherein Sea Holly hath boyled against the stone and grauel and against the payne to make water for it prouoketh vrine driueth foorth the stone cureth the infirmities that chaunce to the kidneyes if it be dronken fiftiene dayes togither one after another The same rootes taken in the same manner are good for suche as be liuer sicke and for those that are bitten of any venemous beastes or haue receiued or dronke poyson especially if it be dronken with the seede of wilde Carrot It doth also helpe those that are troubled with the Crampe and the falling sicknesse The greene herbe is good to be pounde and layde to the bytinges of venemous beastes especially to the bitinges of Frogges The Apothecaries of this Countrie do vse to preserue and comfit the roote of Eringium to be giuen to the aged and olde people and others that are consumed or withered to nourishe and restore them againe The roote of Centumcapita or the Thistel of a hundred heades is likewise comfited to restore nourishe and strengthen albeit it commeth not neare by a great way to the goodnesse of the other Of Starre Thistel / or Caltrop Chap. lix †The Description STarre Thistell hath softe frised leaues deepely cutte or gaysle the stalkes grow of a foote and a halfe high full of branches wherevppon growe small knappes or heades like to other Thistelles but muche smaller and set rounde about with sharpe thornie prickles fashioned lyke a Starre at the beginning either greene or browne redde but afterwarde pale or white when those heades do opeÌ„ they bring foorth a purple flower afterwarde a small flat and round seede the roote is long and somewhat browne without ¶ The Place This Thistell groweth in rude vntoyled places alongst the waies is founde in great quantitie about the Marte Towne of Anwarpe nere to the riuer Scelde and alongst by the newe walles of the Towne †The Tyme This Thistell flowreth from the moneth of Iuly vntill August Carduus stellatus †The Names This herbe is nowe called in Latine Carduus stellatus and Stellaria also Calcitâ—apa and some take it for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Polyacanthus of Theophrast the which Gaza calleth in Latine Aculeosa they call it in Frenche Chaussetrape in high Douch Wallen Distell ano Raden Distel in base Almaigne Sterre distel in English Starre Thistel or Caltrop †The Nature This Thistel also is of a hoate nature as the taste of the roote doth shewe †The Vertues They vse greatly to take the powder of the seede of this Thistel in wine to drinke to prouoke vrine and to driue foorth grauel and against the strangury Of the Teasel Chap. lx †The Kindes THe Cardthistel or Teasel is of two sortes the tame the wild The tame Teasel is sowen of Fullers and clothworkers to serue their purposes the wilde groweth without husbanding of it selfe serueth to smal purpose Dipsacum satiuum Fullers Teasel Dipsacum syluestre Wilde Teasel THE Cardthistel his first leaues be long and large hackt round about with natches lyke the teeth of a sawe betwixt those leaues riseth a holowe stalke of three foote long or more with many branches set here and there with diuers hooked sharpe prickles and spaced or seuered by ioyntes at euery of the sayd ioyntes grow two great long leaues the which at the lower endes be so closely ioyned and fastened togither round about the stalke that it holdeth the water falling either by rayne or dewe so sure as a dishe or bason At the top of the branches growe long rough and prickle heades set full of hookes out of the same knops or heades grow smal white flowers placed in Celles and Cabbins like the honie Combe in whiche Chambers or Celles after the falling away of the flower is found a sede like Fenil but bitter in taste The knoppes or heades are holow within and for the most part hauing wormes in them the whiche you shall finde in cleauing the heades The roote is long playne and white The wild Teasel is much like to the other but his leaues be narrower and his flowers purple the hookes of this Teasel be nothing so harde nor sharpe as the other There is yet another wilde kinde of these Carde Thistels the which grow highest of al the other sortes whose knopped heades are no bigger then a nut in all thinges els lyke to the other wilde kindes †The Place The tame Teasel is sowen in this Countrie and in other places of Flaunders to serue Fullers and Clothworkers The wild groweth in moyst places by brookes riuers such other places †The Tyme Carde Thistel flowreth for the most part in Iune and Iuly ¶ The Names This kinde of Thistel is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Dipsacum and LabruÌ„ Veneris of some also Chamaeleon Crocodilion Onocardion Cneoron Meleta Cinara rustica Moraria Carduus Veneris Veneris lauacrum Sciaria in Shoppes Virga Pastoris and Carduus Fullonum in French Verge de berger Cardon a Foulon or A Carder in high Douche Karten distel Bubenstrel Weberkarten in base Almaigne Caerden and Volders Caerden in Englishe Fullers Teasel Carde Thistell and Venus bath or Bason The tame Teasel is called Dipsacum satiuum and Dipsacum album The wilde Teasel is called Dipsaca syluestris or Purpurea †The Nature The roote of Carde Thistell as Galen saith is drie in the seconde degree and somwhat scouring †The Vertues The roote of Teasell boyled in wine and afterwarde pounde vntill it come to the substance or thicknesse of an oyntment healeth the chappes riftes and fistulas of the fundement But to preserue this oyntment ye must keepe it in a boxe of Copper The small wormes that are founde within the knoppes or heades of Teaselles do cure and heale the Quartayne ague to be worne or tyed about the necke or arme as Dioscorides writeth Of Artechokes Chap. lxi †The Kyndes There is now found two kindes of Artechokes the one with
almost in third degree especially the wilde which is more drie and of a scouring or abstersiue facultie †The Vertues These herbes eaten do comfort the weake and feeble stomacke and do coole and refresh the hoate stomacke specially the wild Endiue which is most agreeable and meetest for the stomacke and inward partes The same boyled and eaten with vineger stoppeth the laske or fluxe of the belly proceeding of a hoate cause The iuyce or decoction of Succorie dronken is good for the heate of the liuer against the Iaundise and hoate Feuers and Tertians The greene leaues of Endiue and Succorie brused are good against hoate inflammations and impostumes or gathering togither of euill humours of the stomacke the trembling or shaking of the hart the hoate gowte and the great inflammation of the eyes being layde outwardly to the places of the greefes The same layd to with parched Barley meale are good agaynst cholerique inflammations called Erysipelas and of some S. Antonies fier or Phlegmon The iuyce of the leaues of Endiue and Succorie layd to the forehead with oyle of roses and vineger swageth headache The same with Ceruse that is white leade and vineger is good for al tumours impostumes and inflammations whiche require cooling Of Sowthistel Chap. xiij †The Kindes SOnchus is of two sortes the one more wilde rough and prickley called Sowthistel or milke Thistell the other more soft and without prickles which we may cal Hares Lettuce or Connies milke Thistel Sonchus syluestrior aspera Rough milke Thistel Sonchus tenerior non aspera Tender or sweete milke Thistel †The Description SOwthistell hath long brode leaues very deepely cut in vpon both sides and armed with sharpe prickles The stalke is crested holowe within spaced by ioyntes or knobbes couered or set with the like leaues At the toppe of the stalke growe double yellow flowers lyke Dandelyon but muche smaller when they be past there come vp white hoare knoppes or downie heades which are caried away with the wind The roote is long and yellow full of hearie stringes The tender Milke thistel is muche lyke to the aforesayd in leaues stalkes flowers and seede but the leaues be somewhat broder not so deepely iagged or cut in vppon the borders and they haue neither thornes nor sharpe prickles but are al playne without any roughnesse †The Place These herbes doo growe of them selues both in gardens amongst other herbes and also in the feeldes and are taken but as weedes and vnprofitable herbes †The Tyme Milke thistel and Sowthistel do flower in Iune and Iuly and most commonly all the sommer †The Names These herbes be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 â–ª in Latine Sonchu of the later writers Cicerbitae Lactucellae Lacterones of Serapio and in shoppes Taraxacon The first kinde is called Sonchus asperior or syluestrior in high Douche Genszdistel Moszdistel in Brabant Gansendistel Melckweye in Frenche Laicteron and Laceron â–ª in Englishe Sowthistel and rough Milke thistel The seconde kinde is called Sonchus non aspera or Sonchus tenerior of Apuleius â—actuca leporina in Frenche Palais de lieure in high Douche Hasenkol in base Almaigne Hasen Lattouwe Hasen struyck Danwdistel Canijnencruyt in English the tender or soft Milke thistel †The Nature These herbes be colde and drie of complexion especially being greene and newe gathered for being dry or long gathered they are somewhat hoate as Galen sayth †The Vertues The iuyce of eyther of these herbes dronken swageth the gnawing paynes of the stomacke prouoketh vrine and breaketh the stone and is of a soueraigne remedie against the strangurie and the Iaunders The same dronken filleth the breastes of Nurses with good and holesome milke and causeth the children whom they nourish to be of a good colour Of the same vertue is the brothe of the herbe dronken The iuyce of these herbes do coole and refreshe the heate of the fundement and the priuie partes of the body being layde thereto with cotton and of the cares being dropped in The greene leaues of Milke thistel are good agaynst all hoate swellinges and impostumations especially of the stomacke being brused layd thervpon The roote with his leaues being pounde and layde to as an emplayster is good against the byâ—…ges and stinginges of Scorpions Of Hawke weede Chap. xiiij †The Kindes DIoscorides setteth foorth two kinds of Hawke weede the great and the smal of the smaller are also three sortes †The Description Hieracium maius Great Hawkeweede Hieracium minus primum Wilde Succorie The first kinde of the lesse Hawkeweede hath long leaues diuided and cut on the edges almost lyke the leaues of Dandelyon but not so bigge nor so deepely cut and lying flat vpon the grounde from amongst those leaues shooteth vp smoth naked brownish stalkes bringing foorth double yellow flowers in the top the whiche do turne into downe bawles or globes and do flee away with the winde The roote is long and slender smoothe and white The seconde kinde of the lesser Hawkweede is lyke vnto the aforesayde in stalkes and flowers the leaues do also lye spread vpon the ground but they be smaller narrower and more deepely cut then the leaues abouesayde This Hawkweede hath no deepe downeright roote but sheweth as though it were gnawen or bitten lyke to the roote of Deuils bit whereof we haue written in the first booke of this historie of Plantes and it is full of stringes The third is the least of al three his leaues be much lyke to the first Hawkweede and so be his flowers stalkes and rootes but altogither lesse The leaues be altogither smoothe and naked and not so brownish as the leaues of the first Hawkweede †The Place These herbes grow in vntoyled places as the borders of corne fieldes in medowes high wayes and the brinkes of ditches †The Tyme These herbes doo flower from Iune to September ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Accipitrina that is to say Sperhawke herbe or Hawkeweede Apuleius calleth it Lactuca syluatica picris and Thridax agria The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hieracium magnuÌ„ of some Sonchites Lampuca or Sitheleas in Frenche Cichorée sauuage in high Douche Grosz habichkraut in base Almaigne Groot hauickscruyt That is to say the great Hawkeweede The lesser kind is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Hieracium paruum of some Intybum agreste or Lactuca minor in high Douche Klein Habichkraut that is to say the lesser Hawkweede in base Almaigne Cleyn Hauickscruyt The seconde lesser kinde is also called of some Morsus Diaboli in Douche Teuffels abbisz that is to say in English Diuels bit and in Frenche Mors de Diable bycause his roote is eaten or bitten lyke the Scabiouse Diuels bit Hieracium minus alterum Yellow Deuils bit †The Nature These herbes be colde and drie †The Vertues These herbes in vertue and
operation are muche like to Sowe Thistel or Sonchus and being vsed after the like manner be as good to al purposes They be also good for the eyesight if the iuyce of them be dropped into the eyes especially of that sort whiche is called Diuels bit Of langdebeefe Chap. xv †The Description THis herbe hath great broade leaues greater and broader then the leaues of Borache set ful of soft prickles from whiche leaues commeth vp a tender weake brittle and triangled stalke set with leaues of the same sort but smaller At the toppe of the stalke growe many small leaues thicke set and harde throng togither round about the stalke from amongst whiche litle leaues commeth a rough round Thistely knoppe bearing a purple flower the whiche is caried away with the wind The roote is thicke and crooked hauing many stringes †The Place This herbe groweth in the medowes of this Countrie and in moyst places by water brookes or ditches †The Tyme This Thistel flowreth in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cirsium of some Buglossum magnum and Spina mollis in Brabant Groote Dauw distel vnknowē in shoppes some take Cirsion to be Langdebeefe T. lib. 1. fol. 143. †The Nature It is colde and drie of vertue like Sonchus †The Vertues Andreas the Herborist writeth that the roote of Cirsium tyed or bounde to the diseased place swageth the ache of the veynes called Varix being to muche opened or enlarged and fylled with grosse blood Cirsion Of Condrilla Gumme Succorie Chap. xvi †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Condrilla as Dioscorides writeth the great and the small †The Description COndrilla is somewhat lyke to wylde Endiue his leaues be long grayish and deepely cut vpon both sides the stalke is small of a foote long or somewhat more in the litle stalkes of Condrilla is founde a gumme lyke Masticke of the bignesse of a beane wherevpon growe round knoppes which after their opening bringeth foorth faire flowers whiche in collour and making are much like to the flowers of wild Endiue but much smaller The roote is long and white like to Succorie The other Condrilla hath long leaues deepely indented vppon both sides lyke to the leaues of the wilde Endiue and for the most parte spreade abroade vpon the ground amongst which leaues grow vp smal playne holow stalkes carrying fayre yellowe double flowers the whiche past they turne into rounde blowballes like to fine downe or cotton and are carried away with the wind The roote is long and slender yellowish and ful of milke which commeth forth when it is cut or broken †The Place The great Condrilla is not common in this Countrie but is to be founde in the gardens of Herboristes The lesser which is our Dandelion groweth in al partes of this Countrie in medowes and pastures †The Tyme The great Condrilla flowreth in May and in Iune Dandelion flowreth in April and August ⧠The Names The first kinde of these herbes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Condrilla Condrilla Gumme Succorie Condrilla Dandelyon of Plinie Condrillon and Condrillis of some also Cichorion and Seris of the later writers Condrilla maior in this Countrie Condrilla and Gumme Succorie in Douche Condrilla The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Condrilla altera in shoppes Dens leonis and Rostrum porcinum in Frenche Pisse-en-lict in high Douche Korlkraut Pfaffenblat Pfaffen rorlin in base Almaigne Papencruyt Hontsroosen Canckerbloemen and Schorftbloemen in Englishe Dandelyon †The Nature These herbes be colde and drie lyke Endiue and Succorie †The Vertues The iuyce of the great Condrilla taken by it selfe or with wine stoppeth the laske especially comming of the heate of the liuer The same brused and eaten with his leaues rootes is very good agaynst the bitinges of venemous Serpentes The seede of Condrilla doth strengthen the stomacke and causeth good digestion as Dorotheus writeth Dantdelyon in vertue and operation is much like Succorie and it may be alwayes vsed in steede thereof It layeth downe the staring heares of the eyebrowes and causeth newe heares to grow if the iuyce be often layd to the place Of Groundswell Chap. xvij †The Kindes Although Dioscorides and other the Auncients haue set foorth but one sort of Erigeron yet for al that the later learned writers do set out two kindes the one great and the other smal vnto which we haue ioyned a third kind Wherfore Erigeron is nowe to be counted of three sortes Erigeron primum secundum The first second kindes of Groundswel Erigeron tertium The third kind of Groundswel †The Description THE great Groundswel hath rough whitish leaues deeply iagged and knawen vpō both sides like to the leaues of white Mustard or senuie The stalke is two foote high or more at the top whereof growe smal knoppes which do open into smal yellow flowers the which are sodenly gone changed into downie blowbawles like to the heades of Dantdelyon and are blowen away with the winde The roote is hearie and the whole herbe is of a strange smell The lesser Groundswel hath greene leaues whiche be also much torne and deepely iagged vpon both sides like the leaues of the great groundswell but a great deale smaller greener smother and not so rough The stalke is a spanne long at the toppe whereof growe yellow flowers whiche do also chaunge sodenly into hoare heades or blowbawles and doo flye away with the winde The roote is hearie and hath no proper smell The third Groundswel hath a straight slender stemme of a browne purple colour and set full of fine cotton or downie heares the leaues be long and narrow At the top of the stalkes grow smal knoppes out of which come smal pale yellow flowers the whiche incontinently after their opening do change and become so sodenly gray or white that he that taketh not the better heede may thinke that they are so at the first opening of the knoppes for euen the self same day and sometimes the very same houre of their opening they become gray or hoare and shortly after the knoppes do spreade abrode and open and the gray heare with the seede are blowen and carried away with the winde The roote is small and very tender †The Place The great Groundswel groweth in sandy groundes and alongst by wayes and pathes The lesser is often found amongst potherbes and commonly in the feeldes The thirde groweth in darke shadowed wooddes and dry Countries †The Tyme The great Groundswel flowreth in Iune and Iuly The lesser Groundswel flowreth al the sommer and somtimes also in winter when it is milde and not to colde The thirde flowreth at Midsomer ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Senecio of some Herbulū or Erechtites in Frenche Seneceon or Senesson in high Douche Grindtkraut in English Groundswel The first kinde is called Senecio
space of a whole night abroade in the ayre in a rawe holow Gourde if it be dronken fasting The poulpe or inner substance of the Gourde pounde or brused doth slake and swage hoate swellinges and impostumes the inflammations and rednes of the eyes and especially the hoate payne of the gowte being layd to the greeued places The iuyce of the Gourde with oyle of roses dropped into the eares swageth the paynes of the same The same is very good to be layd to in the same sort or by it selfe vnto scaldings burnings and chafinges and hoate Cholerique inflammations called Erisipelas or S. Antonies fier The croppes and tender branches dronken with sweete wine and a little vineger cureth the blooddy flixe The rinde or barke of the Gourde burned into ashes doth cure and make hoale the sores and blisters that come of burning and the old sores of the genitours being strowed therevpon The seede of the Gourde is almost of the lyke vertue with the seede of the Cucumber Of Rapes and Turneps Chap. xxxiij †The Description THe round Rape or turnep at the beginning hath great rough brode leaues whiche leaues in the ende next the stemme are deepely cut and iagged vpon both sydes and towards winter it will haue a round stalke vpon the which grow smal yellow flowers which bring foorth smal browne seede in litle coddes or huskes lyke Colewurtes to whiche the Rapes are muche like in flowers huskes seede The roote is rounde and thicke white both without and within somtimes as great as a mans head sometimes no bigger then ones fiste and sometimes smaller There is another kinde of Turnep or Rape yet not that sorte whiche some men call the red Rape or Nauew whereof we haue alredy spoken in the Chapt. of Beetes but another kinde very like to the rounde Rape or turnep aforesaid in rough leaues stalkes flowers coddes and seedes and and differeth but onely in this that his rootes or Turneppes are not white but red in all thinges els lyke to the other as I vnderstande by some Herboristes who haue declared vnto me that the noble and famous Queene Douager of Hungarie and Bohem doth cause them to be set and planted in her most ryche and pleasant gardens Rapa †The Place The Turnep loueth an open place it is sowen somwhere in vineyardes as at Huygarden and the Countrie theraboutes which do waxe very great but they are most commonly sowen in feeldes especially when the corne is ripe but they become nothing so great †The Tyme They are sowen at the beginning of sommer that they may waxe great and in Iuly and August after the cutting downe of corne but the later sowing are neuer very great about April when sommer is at hand they bring foorth stalkes and flowers The seede is ripe in May and Iune †The Names Rapes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rapae in French Naneaux in high Douch Ruben in base Almaigne Rapen in Englishe Rapes and Turneps ¶ The Nature Rapes are hoate and moyst of complexion †The Vertues The Turnep taken in meat nourisheth meetely wel so that it be moderately taken and wel digested but if a man take so muche thereof as may not be well digested it engendreth and stirreth vp much windynesse many superfluous humours in the body especially when it is eaten rawe for then it hurteth the stomacke causeth windinesse blastings and payne in the belly small guttes The same boyled in milke swageth the payne of the gowt being laid therto Dyle of roses put into a Turnep made holow for the purpose and then rosted vnder the hoate ashes or embers healeth the kibed heeles The broth of Rapes is good for the same purpose if the kibed heeles be washed and soked thereon and so is the Nauew or Turnep it selfe eyther baked or rosted good to be layd vpon mouldy and kibed heeles The croppes and young springes of Turneps eaten prouoke vrine and are good for suche as are troubled with the stone The seede of Turneps or Rapes withstandeth all poyson and therefore is put to the making of treacles whiche are medicines or dayned agaynst all poyson and for the swaging of paynes The oyle of the same seede is of the same efficacie and working and being taken rawe it expelleth the wormes that ingender in the body The roote prepared and vsed as is before said stirreth vp the pleasure of the body the seede dronken is of the same vertue the seede is also put into medicines that are made for the beautifying of the face and al the body as Dioscorides Galen and other approued aucthours testifie Rapes haue also a maruelous properrie to cleare the eyesight as Auerrois the Philosopher but enimie vnto Christ writeth Of the long Rape / or Nauet gentle Chap. xxxiiij ¶ The Kindes The Nauew is of two sortes tame and wilde †The Description NAuew gentle or garden long Rape hath great large leaues almost lyke the leaues of Turneps or round Nauewes but muche smoother The stalke is rounde of a cubite long vpon the whiche growe flowers huskes and seede lyke to Turnep The roote is very long and thicke in all thinges els like the Turnep or round Rape The wild Nauew is not much vnlyke the abouesayd sauing that his leaues are more iagged from the neather part euen vp to the top and the roote is not so long but shorter and rounder almost lyke to a wilde peare Napus hortensis Garden Rape Napus syluestris Wild Rape †The Place The Nauew gentle is much sowen in Fraunce especially about Paris The wilde Nauew groweth in some Countries alongest by riuers and brookes and such colde places †The Tyme The Nauew flowreth in the spring time like the Turnep and Colewortes †The Names The Nauew is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Napi in high Douche Steckruben in Brabant Steckrapen and Parijsche Rapen that is to say Long Rape and Paris Nauewes Garden Nauew is called in Latine Napus satiuus in high Douch Truckē Steckruben that is to say the drie Nauew some do also cal it in English Nauet and Nauew gentle The wilde kinde is called Napus syluestris in high Almaigne Nasz Steckruben that is to say the moyst or water Nauet †The Nature Nauewes are of complexion lyke to the Turneps as Galen writeth †The Vertues The Nauew taken in meate doth nourrish lesse then the Turnep otherwise in vertue and operation it is much like to the rounde Rape or Turnep The seede thereof is very good against poyson and therefore it is put into treacles and preseruatiues Of Rampion or wilde Rapes Chap. xxxv †The Kindes There be two sortes of Rampions or wilde Rapes the great and the smal Rapum syluestre paruum Litle Rampions Rapum syluestre aliud Wilde Rampions †The Description THE smal common Rampion his first leaues be roundishe almost lyke the leaues of the March Violet afterward it bringeth foorth a round harde stalke of
betwixt which springeth vp a rounde holow stemme of a spanne long at the top thereof growe many yellowe sterrelyke flowers the whiche doo change into a three square or triāgled huske or huskes in which the seede is contayned The roote is rounde as an Onyon †The Place This Onyon groweth in diuers places of Almaigne in sandy Countries in dales and vallyes about brookes and little streames and sometimes also vnder hedges †The Tyme This kind of Bulbus flowreth in March and is in seede in April in short space after it vanisheth away so that in May folowing a man shal find neither stalkes neither leaues †The Names Howe this kinde of Bulbus hath bene called of the Auncientes or olde writers is not certainly knowē some think it to be Bulbina some others would haue it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say Bulbus esculentus but as some learned men and I do thinke this Bulbus is Bulbus syluestris neyther the one nor the other And therfore we call it Bulbus syluestris the high Douchemen do call it feldswibel Ackerzwibel and there after it is called in base Almaigne Velt Ayeuyn in Frenche Oignon sauuage that is to say Wilde Onyon Turner calleth it Bulbyne wilde Leeke and Corne Leeke li. 1. fo 97. and in the first unpression fol. 5. †The Nature This wilde Onyon is hoate and drie in the seconde degree the whiche is to be perceiued by his bitter taste and rough astriction or binding qualitie †The Vertues Suche as haue put this Bulbus in proofe do affirme that it softeneth and driueth away harde swellinges being layde therevnto It is also with great profite applyed and layde vnto moyst corrupt rot ten festered fretting and consuming sores being first rosted vnder imbers and then pounde with hony and layde to Of the white felde Onyon Chap. lxxvij Ornithogalum minus Bulbus Leucanthemus Ornithogalum maius †The Description THis kinde of Bulbus at the first springing vp hath long small narrow grassie leaues or blades of a span long from amongst which springeth vp a rounde greene stemme of a span long or theraboutes bringing foorth foure or fiue smal flowers greene without and white within not much differing in proportion from the fashion of the Lylie flower especially before they be fully spread abroade and opened but they be much lesser The roote is rounde lyke an Onyon or Bulbe white both within and without and very slymie lyke Comfrey when it is brused or broken in peeces in taste somewhat sharpe This agreeth not with Ornithogalum of Dioscorides for his Ornithogalum is described to haue a certayne aglet or a thing called Cachryos growing vp in the middle of the flower Neither is it lyke to be Matthiolus Ornithogalum for that which he setteth betwixt Ornithogalum and Trasi hath a roote blacke without and white within This Ornithogalum maius is lyke the other but much greater The leaues of this be long and smal but bigger then the first The stalke groweth a foote a halfe high and is very euen There grow vpō the top of the stalke faire pleasant flowers of colour white lyke vnto small Lylies in the middle is a head lyke the seede that is named Cachrys The roote is a Bulbus ▪ the whiche lightly multiplyeth into many other †The Place This herbe groweth in sandy places that lye open to the ayre and be manured or toyled and is founde in many places of Brabant especially about Malines or Mechelen almost in euery feelde †The Tyme The leaues of this Bulbus do spring vp first in March Aprill the flowers in May about Iune they do so vanish that they be not any longer to be seene or founde †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Ornithogalum vnknowen in shoppes in base Almaigne it is called Wit velt Ayueyn that is to say the wilde white feelde Onyon in some places of France it is called Churles It may lykewyse be very wel called Bulbus Leucanthemus The other Bulbus is lykewise an Ornithogalum and is called of some nowe in these dayes Lilium Alexandrinum that is to say Lylies Alexandria bycause it is thought that it is first brought into knowledge in this Countrie from Alexandria †The Nature This Bulbus is temperate in heate and drynesse †The Vertues Dioscorides saith that it may be eaten either rawe or rosted as ye liste It is also very good to soulder and close vp fresh or greene wounds being layde vpon lyke Comfrey Of the Sea Vnyon called Squilla Chap. lxxviij ¶ The Kyndes AT this day there be found two kinds of Squilla or Sea Vnion the one bearing straight or narrow blades the which is the right Squilla the other hath brode blades and is commonly vsed for Squilla †The Description THE rounde bollens or imbossed heades of the first right Squilla are very great and thicke and whiter then the bollens or heades of the vsual common Squilla The blades be long and narrow and of a white greene or grayish colour The common Squilla hath also great thicke heades or bollens but they are most commonly redder and the pilles or scales are thicker then the scales or coueringes of the other Squilla The leaues be great and broade almost lyke to Lylie leaues The flowers be smal and yellow growing at the highest and alongst the stalkes or stemmes after them commeth the seede †The Place Squilla groweth not of his owne accorde in this Countrie but is brought from Spayne hither to serue for medicine wherof some is planted in gardens †The Names The first kind of this strange Vnyon is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Scilla in Shoppes Squilla in French Stiboule Squille Oignon de mer in high douch Meerzwibel in base Almaigne Zee Ayeuyn of Serapio Cepe muris that is to say Mowce Onyon in Englishe Squilla and Sea Onyon The second kind is taken of the greater number of Apothecaries for Squilla albeit it is not the right kinde but of that sort whiche the Grekes do cal 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the Latines Pancratiū which is of nature lyke to Squilla and therefore without any errour it may be vsed in steede of Squilla And this kinde of the learned Peter Belon is counted to be Bulbus littoralis of Theophrastus wherevnto it is very muche lyke for Dioscorides Pancratium and Theophrastus Bulbus littoralis do seeme to be all one †The Nature Squilla is hoate in the second degree and drie in the thirde degree and of very subtile partes also of a cutting and scouring nature Scilla c\ōmunis Pancrati\ū Squilla †The Vertues Squilla being first couered rounde about with dowe or lapt in paste baked in an ouen or rosted vnder coles vntill it be soft or tender then a spoonefull or two thereof taken with the eight part of salt causeth a man to go to the stoole and putteth foorth plenty of tough and clammie
womens natural sicknesse to be taken by it selfe or with Penny Ryal or put vnder in manner of a pessarie or mother suppositorie They minge it profitably amongst Oyles and oyntmentes that are made to heate mollifie and heale the harde or stiffe members that are waxen dead asleepe benummed or weried it cureth also the cliftes or riftes of the fundement and great gut being layde to with water Agnus Castus is good against al venemous beastes it chaseth and driueth away al Serpents and other venemous beastes from the place where as it is strowed or burned it healeth all bitinges and stinginges of the same if it be layde vpon the place greeued the lyke vertue hath the seede thereof dronken It helpeth the hardnesse stoppinges apostumations and vlcers of the matrix if wemen be caused to sit in the decoction or broth thereof The leaues therof with butter do dissolue and swage the swellinges of the genitours or coddes being layde therevnto Some write that if such as iourney or trauell do carrie a branche or rod of Agnus Castus in their hand it wil keepe them both frō chauffing werinesse Of Coriers Sumach Chap. xxvij †The Description SVmach groweth lyke a busshie shrub about the height of a man bringing foorth diuers branches vpon which grow long soft heary or veluet leaues with a red stem or sinewe in the middle the whiche vppon euery syde hath sixe or seuen litle leaues standing one against another toothed and snipt about the edges lyke the leaues of Agrimonie whervnto these leaues are muche lyke the flowers growe amongst the leaues vppon long stemmes or footestalkes clustering togither lyke the Cattes tayles or blowinges of the Nut tree of a white greene colour The seede is flat and red growing in rounde beries clustering togither lyke grapes †The Place It groweth abundantly in Spayne and other hoate Countries It is not found in this Countrie but amongst certayne diligent Herboristes †The Tyme Sumach flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly Rhus Coriaria †The Names This plant is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of Hyppocrates 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rhus of some Rhos of the Arabian Apothecaries and Physitions Sumach in Brabant of the Corriers and Leather dressers which for the most part do trimme and dresse Leather like Spanishe skinnes Smack in Englishe Sumach and Leather Sumach or Coriers Sumack The seede of this Rhus is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rhus obsoniorum in Englishe Meate Sumach and Sauce Sumach The leaues are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rhus Coriaria and with the same leaues they dresse and tanne skinnes in Spayne and Italy as our Tanners do with the Barke of Oke †The Nature The leaues iuyce and beries of Sumach are colde in the seconde degree and drie in the thirde degree and of a strong binding power ⧠The Vertues The leaues of Sumach haue the same power as Acatia hath wherefore they stop the laske and the disordered course of womens flowers with al other issue of blood to be first boyled in water or wine and dronken The water wherein the same leaues haue bene boyled stoppeth the laske and blooddy flixe to be powred in as a glister or to bathe in the same decoction it drieth vp also the running water filth of the eares when it is dropped into the same and it maketh the heare blacke that is washed in the same decoction or broth The seede of Sumach eaten in sauces with meate doth also stop all flures of the belly with the blooddy flixe and womens flowers especially the white flowers The same layde vpon newe bruses and squattes that are blacke and blew greene woundes and newehurtes defendeth the same from inflammation or deadly burning appostumation or euil swelling also from exulceration The same pounde with Oken coales and layd to the Hemeroydes or flowing blood of the fundamēt healeth drieth vp the same The same vertue hath the decoction of the leaues or seede to wash or bathe the Hemeroydes therein Of Lycores Chap. xxviij Glycyrrhiza Radix dulcis Lycoryse Glycyrrhiza communis Radix Scythica Common Lycorise †The Description LYcoryse hath straight twigges and branches of three or foure foote high set with brownishe leaues made of many smal leaues standing neare togither alongst the stemmes one directly against another lyke the leaues of the Masticke tree Tragium or bastarde Dyctam the flowers growe vpon short stemmes betwixt the leaues and the branches clustering togither lyke to small pellettes or balles the which being past there foloweth rounde rough prickley heades made of diuers rough huskes clustered or set thicke togither in whiche is conteyned a flat seede The roote is long and straight yellow within and browne without not much vnlyke the fashion of the roote of Gentian but sweete in taste There is another kinde of Licoryse whose stalkes and leaues be like to the aforesayde but the flowers and coddes thereof growe not so thicke clustering togither in round heades or knoppes but they grow togither lyke the flowers of Spike vpon small footestemmes or lyke the flowers of Galega or that kind of wilde Fetche whiche some iudge to be Onobrychis or Medica Ruellij in Frenche Sainct Foin The rootes of this Lycorise grow not straight but trauersing ouerthwart with many branches of a brownishe colour without and yellowe within in taste sweete yea sweeter then the aforesayde †The Place Lycoryse as Dioscorides sayth groweth in Pontus and Cappadocia The seconde sort is founde in certayne places of Italy and Germanie In this Countrie they growe not of them selues but planted in the gardens of some Herboriftes but the seconde sort is best knowen †The Tyme Lycoryse flowreth in Iuly and in September the seede is rype ⧠The Names Lycoryse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Dulcis radix and Dulci radix in Shoppes Liquiritia in high Douche Suszholtz and Suszwurtsel in base Almaigne Suethout Galissihout and Calissihout in Frenche Riglice Rigoliste and Erculisse The first kinde of Lycorise or Glycyrrhiza whereof Dioscorides writeth may very well be called Glycyrrhiza vera or Dioscorides Glycyrrhiza that is Dioscorides Lycorise and the right Licorise The second is Glycyrrhiza communis or Glycyrrhyza Germanica the which Lycoryse is common in the shops of this Countrie This is that roote whiche Theophrastus calleth 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of Plinie Radix Scythica Also this is the roote called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Alimos without aspiration †The Nature Lycorise is temperate in heate and moysture †The Vertues The roote of Lycorise is good against the rough harshnesse of the throte and breast it openeth and dischargeth the lunges that be stufte or loden ripeth the cough and bringeth foorth fleme being chewed and kept a certayne space in the mouth The iuyce of the roote hath the same vertue to be taken for
playted or crested huskes other coddes or huskes whiche be somewhat long and round wherein the seede whiche is blacke is conteyned The roote is long and small †The Place These floures are planted in the gardens of this countrie †The Tyme They floure in Iune Iuly and August Lychnis satiua †The Names These kinde of floures are called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lychnis coronaria and Lychnis satiua of some Athanatos and Acydonium of Plinie Iouis flos in English Rose Campion in French Oeillets Oeillets Dieu in high Douch Margenrosrlin Marien rosen and accordingly they are now called in Latine Rosa mariana in base Almaigne they are most commonly called Christus ooghen †The Nature The floures are hoate and dry ⧠The Vertues The seede with the floure or either of them alone dronken are good against the stinging of Scorpions Of wilde Campion Chap. x. †The Kindes THere be two sortes of these floures that is to say a white and a redde whereof the white kinde is the greater and of a larger grothe The redde is smaller and lesse ⧠The Description THe wilde white Campion hath a rough white stemme The leaues be white cottony much like to the leaues of Campions sauing that the stalkes be slenderer and the leaues narrower and not so white The floures growe out of a rough huske greater then the huske of the garden Rose Campion and the proportion of the floure is muche like to the same but more indented aboute the edges and without any sharpe poynted peake in the middell the floures being vanisshed there commeth after them rounde bollettes or pellets in whiche the seede is conteyned The roote is ordinarily of the length of a foote and halfe and as thicke as a finger Lychnis syluestris alba The white wilde Campion Lychnis syluestris purpurea The purple wilde Campion The redde wilde Campions are in all things like to the white sauing that they grow not so high and their roote is not so long but is for the moste parte shorter and hearie The floures be redde and in proportion like to the other †The Place These floures grow in vntilled groūdes in the borders of fieldes alongst the wayes some also vse to set them in gardens and it commeth to passe that by often setting they waxe very double †The Tyme They floure most commonly from May vntill the ende of Somer †The Names The wilde Campions are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lychnis syluestris of some Tragonatum Hieracopodium or Lampada in the Shoppes of this countrie Saponaria howbeit this is not the right Saponaria in English wilde Campion or wilde rose Campion and of some Crowesope in high Douch Lydweyck wilde Margenroszlin and in some places widerstosz in Brabant Iennettekens †The Nature These floures with their plante are in temperament like to garden rose Campions †The Vertues The seede and floures with the whole herbe of the wilde Campions are very good against the stinging of Scorpions in somuch that their vertue is so great in this behalfe that this herbe onely throwen before the Scorpions taketh away their power to do harme The seede taken in quantitie of two Drammes purgeth downewarde the hoate and cholerique humors Of Cockle / or fielde Nigella Chap. xi ⧠The Description COckle or fielde Nigelweede hath straight slender hearie stemmes the leaues be also long narrow hearie grayish The floures be of a browne purple colour changing towardes red diuided into fiue small leaues not much varying from the proportion of the wilde Campions after the which there groweth rounde bolleyns or cups wherein is cōteyned plenty of seede of a broune or russet colour †The Place These floures grow in the fieldes amongst the Wheate Rye and Barley †The Tyme It floureth in May Iune and Iuly †The Names This floure is now called amongst the learned mē Githago or Nigellastrum or Pseudolanthium of some flos Micancalus as Ruellius writeth in English field Nigella or Cockle in high Douch Raden Groszraden and Kornrosz in Brabant Corenroosen and Negelbloemen in French Nielle Anthemon †The Temperament and Vertues The vertues temperament of this herbe are not yet knowē bicause it is not in vse sauing of certayne fonde people whiche do vse it in the steede of Yuray or Darnell or for the right Nigella to the great daunger and perill of the sicke people Of Blew Gottell / or Cornefloure Chap. xij ⧠The Description CYanus hath a crested stalke vpon the whiche growe narrowe sharpe poynted grayishe leaues whiche haue certayne natches or cuts about the edges sharpe corners like teeth About the toppe of the stalkes it beareth small round buttons whiche be rough scalie out of the whiche grow pleasant floures of fiue or sixe small iagged leaues most commonly blew especially the wilde kinde Sometimes also those that grow in gardens do beare grayish purple crimsen and white floures the whiche being vanisshed there groweth within the scalye huskes heades certayne long seede whiche is inclosed in a hearie downe or Cotton There is also in certayne gardens an other kynde of Cyanus whose floures be lyke to the aforesayde it hath greate broade leaues larger than the leaues of the garden Rose Campion the whiche bee also softe and woolly lyke the leaues of Mullen The floures of this hearbe are lyke to Cyanus Corne floure Cyanus maior Great Corne floure the other Cyanus floures both in his Scaly knopped buttons as also in his iagged or frenged leaues seede but a great deale larger and of colour blew in the middle turning somwhat towards redde or purple The roote is of long continuance and sendeth forth new stemmes and springs yearely †The Place Cyanus or Blew bottell groweth in the fieldes amongst the wheate but specially amongst Rie Those which haue the white and purple floures and the great Cyanus are sowen and planted in gardens ⧠The Tyme These floures do flowrish from May vntill August †The Names This floure is called of Plinie in Latine Flos Cyanus of some later wryters Baptisecula or Blaptisecula in Italian Fior Campesi in English of Turner Blewbottell and Blewblaw it may also be called Hurte Sicle and Cornefloure in French Aubifoines Bleuets Perceles and Blaucoles in high Douch Kornblumen in Brabant Corenbloemen and Roghbloemen The second kinde is called Cyanus maior and is counted of the learned for a kinde of Verbascum and therefore they call it Thryallis and Lychnitis in high Douch it is called Waldt kornblumen and in Brabant groote Corenbloemen we may also call it in English great Cornefloure and wilde Cornefloure †The Temperament Cyanus or Blewblaw is colde and dry †The Vertues This Cornefloure brused or pound is profitably layde vnto the rednesse the inflammation and running of the eyes or to any kinde of Phlegmon or hoate tumor about the eyes The distilled water of Cyanus cureth the rednesse and payne of the
of a flagge is founde in this countrie in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme It floureth here in May and Iune †The Names This floure Deluce may well be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Chamaeiris that is to say Dwarffe Ireos or the smallest floure Deluce bycause it is the least of all the flagges The Herboristes do now call it Iris Illyrica And so doth also Hermolaus Barbarus in Corollario But Antonius Musa in Examine Simpliciū doth very well declare that this is not Iris Illyrica The Temperament and Vertues This Flagge also is hoate and dry leauing whan it is chewed a certayne heate vpon the tongue as the rootes of all the other flagges do Of wild Ireos / stincking Gladin / or Spourgewort Chap. xxxvij †The Description The stincking flagge or Gladyn hath long narrow bladed leaues like to the leaues of Ireos or the floure Deluce but a great deale smaller and of a darke greene colour of a lothsome smell or stincke almost like vnto the stincking worme called in Latine Cimex The stalke is rounde vpon which groweth floures like to the floure Delice but smaller and of a gray or ashye colour whan they are gone there appeare great huskes or coddes wherein is round red seedes eche grayne or bearie of the quantitie of a little rounde pease The roote is long and very threedy †The Place This herbe is a strāger in Brabant for it is seldome found in that countrey out of the gardens of Herboristes It is very cōmon in England especially neare to the sea side growing in stonie places by hedges and the borders of woodes †The Tyme It floureth in August and the seede is ripe in September †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Xyris and Iris syluestris in Shoppes Sphatula foetida in Spanishe Lirio Spadanal in English Stinking gladyn Spourgeworte wilde Ireos in Frenche Glaieul puante in high Douche Welsch Schwertel Wandtleuszkraut in base Almaigne Wādtluyscruyt wilde Lisch and stinckende Lisch †The Nature It is hoate dry in the third degree of power to cut and make subtill Xyris †The Vertues The seede of the stinking Gladyn taken in weight of half a dram prouoketh vrine mightyly taken with vineger it doth wast and cure the hardnesse and stopping of the Melte or Spleene The roote of stinking Gladyn pounde with a little Verdegris a little of the roote of the great Centory a little Hony draweth forth al kindes of thornes splinters and broken bones and is very good for the woundes and bruses of the head to draw foorth the broken bones The same mengled with vineger doth consume and waste cold tumors and swellings being layde therevpon This herbe dryueth away and killeth the stinking wormes or Mothes called Cimici if the place whereas they haunt or ingender be rubbed with the iuyce thereof Corne flagge / or Gladioll Chap. xxxviij †The Description THis Gladyn or Corne flag hath long narrow blades like to the blades of Ireos the rest of the flagges but a great deale smaller narower amongst the which there springeth vp a round stalke of a cubite lōg at the toppe whereof there hangeth in order fayre purple floures one aboue an other after whiche there commeth roundish huskes diuided in three partes almost like to the huskes of Hyacinthe or Iacinthe in whiche the seede is conteyned The roote is like vnto two round bullettes set one vpon an other †The Place This Gladyn is not found in this coūtrey but in the gardēs of Herborists ⧠The Tyme This Gladyn floureth in this countrie in May and Iune ¶ The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Gladiolus of Apuleius Gladiolus segetalis and Lingua ceruina vnknowen in shops in Italian Monacuccie in Spanish Gladiolo di entres los panes of some Victorialis in Douche Aller man̄ harnisch we may cal it in English Corne Gladin Corne flag and right Gladin †The Nature The roote of Corne Gladin especially the vppermost doth drye make subtil and hath a litle drawing qualitie as Galen writeth †The Vertues The vpper roote of this Gladin pound with Frankensence and wine draweth foorth thornes and thinges that sticke fast in the fleshe The same roote mingled with Iuray meale and honyed water called Hydromell doth waste and make subtil harde lumpes or swellinges They say also that the vpper roote dronken in wine prouoketh Venus or bodily pleasure and the lower roote causeth barrennesse Gladiolus Of Sisynrichion Chap. xxxix †The Description SIsynrichion hath two or three long narrow litle leaues from which growe vp rounde stems about halfe a foote long on the toppes of them growe very faire little flowers of a light blew or skie colour so growing by course one after the other the one of them is euer open and spread and that standeth alwayes at the top in fashiō almost lyke the flowers of Ireos but smaller and somewhat differing in proportion After the sayde litle flowers there appeare small long rounde knops or huskes wherein the seede groweth The roote doth almost make two round heades lyke Onyons or Bulbos most commonly placed one vppon another which are inclosed as it were in certaine litle houses ⧠The Place This plante groweth in Portingale and Spaine is very seldome found in Flaunders sauing in the gardēs of some diligent Herboristes Sisynrichium †The Names The Grecians call this plante 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 it is called also in Latine of Plinie Sisynrichium in Shoppes and Portingal Nozelhals †The Nature and Vertues Sisynrichium is of a temperate complexion and good to be eaten The Auncientes dyd accompt it amongst the number of rootes that may be eaten and the Spaniardes and Portingales at this day do vse it for foode or meate Of Ireos Bulbosa Chap. xl ¶ The Kyndes There are founde three kindes of Iris Bulbosa †The Description THE first kinde of Bulbus Ireos his blades be lōg narrowe and straked or crested wel like the leaues of the yellowe Asphodil his stalke is almost of a cubite long in the toppe whereof growe beautiful flowers in fashion like the flowers of Ireos of a braue and excellēt colour betwixt purple and skie colour after them commeth long and thicke coddes or huskes in whiche the seede groweth The roote is after the manner of Bulbus that is round lyke a Saffron head or Onyon the which when it is in flower diuideth it selfe in twayne or two Bulbus rootes The other in leaues is like to the first but his flowers are partie coloured for the leaues of the litle flowers that hang or turne downewardes are somewhat white the leaues that grow vpward are of a cleare or light blewe colour also the litle leaues of the sayd smal flowers are lesse then the others and the coddes be longer and thinner The thirde is like to the other but it
beareth a flower altogither of a pleasant yellow colour Bulbosa Iris. ⧠The Place The first kinde is founde in Englande The other twayne growe in Spayne and Portingale †The Tyme The flowers of these strange plantes doo shewe them selues commonly in Iune in base Almaigne where as they are scantly knowen or hardly founde sauing in the gardens of some diligent Herboristes †The Names This flower is called now in Latine Bulbosa Iris bycause it hath a Bulbus roote and a flower lyke Ireos But it seemeth to be Apuleius Bulbus called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Hieribulbus they call this plante in Spayne especially that with the yellowe flower Reilla Buen and we may call it Bulbus Ireos in English †The Nature and Vertues The nature of this kinde of Bulbus or flower with his vertues are not yet knowen bycause there is no experience made of it as yet Of the yellowe wilde Ireos / or Flower Deluce Chap. xli †The Description THe wild yellow Iris or flower Deluce hath long narrowe flagges or blades almost lyke to the right Iris or garden flagge but a great deale longer and narrower very lyke to the blade of a long and narrowe double edged sworde The stalkes be rounde smooth and holow at the toppe whereof groweth the yellowe flower with the three leaues hanging downewardes like to the gardē flower Deluce three mounting vpwardes but they are smaller thē the leaues that hāg downewardes Whē they are past there come vp thicke triangled coddes or huskes in which is conteyned large yellow seede The roote is thicke spreadeth here and there and sometimes it hath other small rootes hanging by it and many threddy strings of a fleshly colour within and of a rough astringent or binding taste ¶ The Place This wilde yellowe Iris groweth in moyst places and low medowes and in the borders and brinkes of Riuers pondes and lakes very common in England Flaunders other Countries Pseudoiris Lutea †The Tyme This flower Deluce or wilde Iris flowreth in May and Iune ¶ The Names The wilde yellow Iris is nowe called in Latine Pseudoiris Lutea and of some Syluestris Iris lutea it hath bene called in Shoppes Acoron and hath ben taken in medicine for the same not without great errour losse and danger of the sicke as it is of diuers learned men now very wel noted and for that cause it is also called Pseudoacorus that is to say false or bastarde Acorus in Douch Geel Schwertel geel wald Schwertel Drakenwurtz in base Almaigne Geel wilt Lisch and Boxe boonen in French Glayeul bastarde Flambe bastarde in Englishe the yellow wilde Iris the yellow flower Deluce Wilde flagges water flagges and Lauers or Leuers ¶ The Nature The yellowe bastarde Iris his roote is colde and drie in the thirde degree of astringent or binding facultie lyke to the rootes of Tormentill Bistorte †The Vertues The roote of yellowe flower Deluce or bastarde Iris boyled in water and bronken stoppeth the bloody flixe and other fluxes of the belly and stoppeth blood from whence so euer it floweth womens flowers in what sort soeuer it be taken yea if it be ministred but outwardly onely eyther in playsters or in bathes Of the white Lillie Chap. xlij †The Description THe white Lillie his leaues be long and broade and somewhat thicke or fat amongst the which springeth vp a straight stemme or stalke of three foote long or more set and garnished with leaues from the roote to the toppe which by litle and litle as they grow vp toward the top do waxe smaller smaller In the top of the sayd garnished stemme growe the pleasant beautiful white and sweete smelling Lillies diuided into sixe small long and narrowe leaues whiche haue in the outsyde of euery leafe a certayne strake or ribbe but within they are altogither of an excellent shynyng pure white colour bending somewhat backwardes at the top in the middle amongst these leaues ther hang vpō sixe very smal stems sixe smal yellow pointes or litle markes as it were tongues in the middle amongst these also there groweth another long vpright and triangled stemme thicker then the rest and lyke to the Clapper of a Bell. The roote is lyke to a great Onyon or rather a garlike head compacte and made of diuers cloues or kernelles ¶ The Place The white Lillies be very common not only in this Countrie but in all places els where in gardens Lilium Candidum c. †The Tyme This kinde of Lillies doth flower at the beginning of Iune or there about †The Names The white Lillie is called of the Grecians 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the plante is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 It is called in Latine Lilium and Rosa lunonis in Shoppes Lilium album in Italian Giglio and Giglio biancho in Spanish Azucena in Douche Weisz Gilgen or weisz Lilgen in Frenche Lys blanc †The cause of the Name Constantine writeth this of the Lillie that when Iupiter had begotten Hercules vpon Alcumena and being desyrous to make him immortall he carryed him to sucke Iuno his wife whiles she was sleeping and when he perceiued the childe to haue suckt his fyll he drewe him from her breast by meanes whereof there fell great store of mylke from the breastes of Iuno the greatest parte whereof was spilt in heauen and fell vppon the Skies whereof the signe and marke remayneth at this day that is to say that white and milkie way that goeth through heauen from the North to the South called in Latine Via lactea The rest fell vpon the earth whereof sprang these Lillies in the floures whereof there remayneth the very whitenesse of the sayde milke and hereof it came to passe that this floure was called in Latine Iunonis rosa that is to say Iunos rose †The Nature The floures of the white Lillie are hoate and partely of a subtile substance The roote is dry in the first degree and hoate in the second †The Vertues The roote of the white Lillie sodde in honied water and dronken dryueth forth by the siege all corruption of bloud as Plinie sayeth The same rosted or pounde and well mengled with oyle of Roses doth soften the hardnesse of the Matrix prouoketh the monethly termes being layde therevpon The same pounde with Hony ioyneth togither sinewes that are cut consumeth or scoureth away the vlcers of the head called Achores and cureth all maner of naughtie scuruinesse aswell of the head as of the face and is good to be layde to all dislocations or places out of ioynt The roote of the white Lillie mengled with vineger or the leaues of Henbane or Barley meale cureth the tumors and impostems of the genitors The same boyled in vineger causeth the Cornes which be in the feete to fall of if it be kepte vpon the sayde Cornes as a playster by the space of three
should seeme rather to be a kind of Thymum durius or that which is called of Dioscorides in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Saxifranga than Serpyllum Serpillum vulgare †The Nature Pellamountayne is hoate and dry in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues Wilde Tyme boyled in water or wine and drōken prouoketh and bringeth to women the fluxe Menstruall driueth out the stone and grauell and prouoketh vomit The same taken in the like manner stoppeth the laske and cureth gripings or knawings and is excellent against Crampes and the drawing togither or shrinking of Synewes This herbe taken in meates and drinkes or brothes is a soueraigne medicine against all poyson and against the bytings and stingings of venemous beastes and Serpentes The iuyce of Pellamountayne or Running Tyme dronken to the quantitie of halfe an vuce with Vineger is good agaynst the spetting and vomiting of bloud Running Tyme mengled with Vineger and oyle of Roses and applied to the forehead and temples swageth head ache is very good against rauing and frensie The perfume of the same driueth away all venemous beasts Of Penny Royall / or Podding grasse Chap. lxv ⧠The Description PEnny Royall hath smal brittle stalkes of a foote long somtimes more not vpright but creeping alongst the ground taking new rootes here there in sundrie places The leaues be somwhat round almost like the leaues of Marierom but they be greener browner and of a stronger sauour The floures growe here and there by certayne spaces aboute the stemmes like whorles or garlandes and as the floures of Horchound of a blewishe colour and sometimes very white The roote is threeddie †The Place Penny Royall loueth moyst vntilled places whiche are dry in the Somer and full of water in winter ⧠The Tyme It floureth in Iune and in August †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in Shoppes Pulegium in Italian Pulegio in Spanish Poleios Poleio in English Penny Royall Pulioll Royall Pudding grasse and Organie in French Pouliot in high Douch Poley in base Almaigne Poley and Paley †The Nature Penny royall is hoate dry in the third degree of subtile partes and cutting †The Vertues Penny royall boyled in wine drōken prouoketh the monethly termes bringeth foorth the Secondine the dead frute and the vnnaturall birth it prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone especially the stone of kidneys Penny royal taken with hony clenseth the Lunges voydeth them the breast from all grosse and thicke humors Pulegium The same taken with Hony and Aloes purgeth by stole the Melancholique humor preuayleth much against crāpes the drawing togither of sinewes The same taken with water and vineger asswageth the inordinate desire to vomit and the gnawing paynes of the stomacke Penny royall taken in wine helpeth the bitings of venemous beastes and with vineger it helpeth them that haue the falling sickenesse If at any time men be constrayned to drinke corrupt naughtie stinking or salte water throw Penny royall into it or strow the pouder thereof into it and it shall not hurte any bodie A garlande made of Penny Royall and worne about the head is of great force against the swymming paynes and giddy turnings of the head The same pounde with Vineger and giuen to smell vpon to people that are much giuen to sounding quickeneth their Senses and causeth them to returne to them selues agayne and is good for them that haue colde and moyst braynes The pouder or axsen of this herbe doth fasten and strengthen the gummes that are rubbed therewith Penny royall pounde asswageth the payne of the Goute and Sciatica being rubbed vpon the greeued parte vntill it waxe redde The same mengled with vineger hony cureth the crampes and is profitable for the disseases of the Splene or Melte being layde therevnto The Decoction thereof is very good against ventositie windinesse and blastings also against the hardnesse and stopping of the Mother whan one sitteth ouer the vapour or breath thereof in a stewe or bathe whereas the sayde Decoction is The same is also good against the itche and manginesse to washe the scabbed parties therein The perfume of the floures of Penny royall being yet fresshe and greene driueth away flees Xenocrates saith that a braunch of Penny royall wrapped in a little wooll and giuen to smell vnto or layde amongst the clothes of the bedde cureth the feuer Tertian Of Poley Chap. lxvi †The Kyndes POley as Dioscorides saith is of two sortes whereof one may be named great Poley or as Dioscorides termeth it Poley of the Mountaine the other may be called small Poley †The Description POley of the Mountayne is a little small tender base and sweete smelling herbe hauing small stemmes and slender branches of a spanne or halfe foote long The leaues bee small narrow and grayish whereof they that grow lowmoste are somewhat larger and a little snipt or iagged aboute the edges and they that growe aboue are narrower and not so much iagged or snipte The floures be white and do grow at the toppe of the branches The roote is threedie The lesse Poley is not muche vnlike the other sauing that his leaues are tenderer smaller narrower and whiter than the other it hath also a great many moe small slender and weake branches But it hath not so great vertue nor so strong a sauour as Poley of the Mountayne †The Place It groweth not of him selfe in this countrie and is not lightly found sauing in the gardens of some Herboristes who do plante and cherishe it with great diligence Polium †The Tyme It floureth at the end of May and Iune whereas it groweth of his owne kinde and in this countrey in Iuly †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Polium Polium montanum and Theuthrium in Italian Polio in Spanish Hierua vssa in English Poley Poley mountayne It hath neither French nor Douch name that we know for it is yet vnknowen of the Apothecaries them selues in the Shoppes of this countrey †The Nature Poley is hoate in the second degree and dry in the thirde ⧠The Vertues Poley boyled in water or wine prouoketh the floures and vrine and is very good against the Dropsies and Iaunders It profiteth much against the bytings of venemouse beastes and against poyson taken in maner aforesayde and it driueth away all venemous beasts from the place whereas it is strowen or burnte The same dronken with vineger is good for the diseases of the Mylte and Splene Also it healeth and closeth vp woundes being yet fressh and greene pound and applied or layde therevpon Of Marierom Chap. lxvij †The Description MArierom is a delicate and tender hearbe of sweete sauour very wel knowen in this countrie hauing small weake and brittle stalkes set with softe and tender leaues somewhat round and of grayishe colour it bareth about the toppe and vpper parte of the
those whose breastes are charged or stopped and if it be dronken with wine it is good for them that are hurte with any venimous beastes It slaketh and dissolueth the blastings and swellings of the Coddes and Genitors being layde therevpon The same mengled with Yuray meale and poulpe or substance of raysins stoppeth the inordinate course of the floures being applied to the belly in forme of a playster Comyn seede pounde and giuen to smell vnto with vineger stoppeth the bleeding at the Nose †The Daunger Comyn being to much vsed decayeth the naturall complexion and liuely colour causing one to looke wanne and paale Of Coriander Chap. xcv †The Description COriander is a very stinking herbe smelling like to the stinking worme called in Latine Cimex in French Punaise it beareth a round stalke full of branches of a foote and halfe long the leaues are whitish all iagged and cut the vnder leaues that spring vp first are almost like to the leaues of Charuell or Persele and the vpper last leaues are not much vnlike to the same or rather like to Fumeterrie leaues but a great deale teÌ„derer more iagged The floures be white do grow in round tuffets The seede is all rounde and hollow within of a pleasant sent whan it is dry The roote is harde and of wooddie substance †The Place Coriander is so wen in fieldes and gardens and it loueth a good and frutefull grounde †The Tyme It floureth in Iuly and August and shortly after the seede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in Shoppes Coriandrum in English Coriander and of some ColiaÌ„der in Italian Coriandro in Spanish Culantro Coentro in Frenche Coriandre in Douch Coriander †The Nature The greene and stinking Coriander is of complexion colde and dry and hurtefull to the body the dry and sweete sauoring seede is warme and conuenient for many purposes †The Vertues Coriander seede prepared and taken alone or couered in Sugar after meales closeth vp the mouth of the stomacke stayeth vomiting and helpeth digestion The same rosted or parched and dronkeÌ„ with wine killeth and bringeth foorth wormes of the body and stoppeth the laske and the bloudy flixe and all other extraordinarie issues of bloud The seede of Coriander is prepared after this maner Take of the seede of Coriander well dried vpon whiche ye shall power or caste good strong wine and vineger mingled togither and so leaue them to stiepe sooke by the space of xxiiij houres than take it forth of the liquor and drye it and so keepe it to serue for Medicine Coriandrum Ye must also note that the Apothecaries ought not to sell to any person of Coriander seede vnprepared nor to couer it with Sugar nor to put it in Medicine for albeit it be wel dryed and of good taste yet notwithstanding it may not be but a little vsed in medicine without great perill and danger The herbe Coriander being yet fresh and greene boyled with the croÌ„mes of white bread or Barley meale dryueth away consumeth all hoate tumors swellings and inflammations and with Beane meale it dissolueth the Kings euill and wennes or harde lumpes The iuyce of Coriander layde to with Ceruse Litharge or skuÌ„me of Siluer vineger and oyle of Roses cureth S. Anthonies fire and swageth and easeth all inflammations that chaunce on the skinne †The Daunger Greene Coriander taken into the bodie causeth one to waxe hoarse and to fall into Frensie and doth so much dul the vnderstaÌ„ding that it seemeth as the partie were dronken And the iuyce thereof dronken in quantitie of foure Drammes killeth the bodie as Serapio writeth Of Git or Nigella Chap. xcvi †The Kyndes NIgella is of two sortes tame and wilde whereof the tame or garden Nigella is agayne parted into two sortes the one bearing blacke seede the other a Citren colour or pale yellow seede but otherwise like one to an other as in stalkes leaues floures and smell Melanthium satiuum Garden Nigella Melanthium syluestre Wilde Nigella ⧠The Description THe garden Nigella hath a weake and brittle stalke full of braunches and of a foote long The leaues be all to cut and iagged much like to the leaues of Fumeterrie but much greener The floures grow at the toppe of the braunches and are white turning towardes a whitishe or light blewe eache floure parted into fiue small leaues after the maner of a little starre or rowell After that the floures be past there commeth vp small knops or heads with fiue or sixe little sharpe hornes vpon them eache knop is diuided in the inside into fiue or sixe celles or little chambers in whiche is conteyned the seede the whiche as we haue before sayde is sometimes blacke and somtimes a bleeke or faynt yellow and like to Onyon seede in tast sharpe and of a good pleasant strong sauour The wilde Nigella hath a straked or crested stalke of two spaÌ„nes long his leaues be ashe colour and all to cut more iagged than the leaues of garden Nigella drawing towardes the leaues of Dill. The floures are like to the floures of garden Nigella sauing that they be blewer The heades or knoppes are also parted into fiue horned huskes much like to Columbyne huskes in whiche is conteyned the sweete and pleasant seede There is yet an other Nigella whiche is both fayre and pleasant and is called Damaske Nigella it is much like to the wilde Nigella in the small cut and iagge of his leaues but his stalke is longer The floures are blewe and diuided into fiue partes lyke to the others but a greate deale fayrer and blewer with fiue little leaues vnderneath them very small cut and iagged from the middle poynt or center whereof the floure springeth WhaÌ„ the floures are gone there appeareth the knoppes or horny heades like as in the garden Nigella in whiche also is conteyned the seede and it is blacke like to the seede of the gardeÌ„ Nigella but it hath no sweete sauour †The Place These Nigellas are not found in this countrie sauing in gardens whereas they be sowen The wild is found growing in fields in certayne places of Fraunce and Almaigne The Damaske Nigella groweth plentifully through-out all Languedoc †The Tyme The Nigellas do floure in Iune and Iuly Melanthium Damascenum Damaske Nigella †The Names Nigella is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Melanthium Nigella and Papauer nigrum in Shoppes Nigella and of some Gith in French Nielle The firste kinde is called Melanthium satiuum and Nigella domestica of some Salusandria in English Garden Nigella in Italian Nigella ortelana in Spanish Alipiure Axenuz in high Douche Schwartz kumich Schwartz kumel in base Almaigne Nardus and the seede is called Nardus saet in French Poyurâ—tte and of some Barbue The wilde Nigella is called Melanthium syluestre and Nigella syluestris in French Nielle sauuage or Barbues in high Douch S. Catharinen
base Almaigne Betonie Betonica Betony †The Nature Betony is hoate and dry in the seconde degree ⧠The Vertues The Decoction of Betonie dronken prouoketh vrine breaketh the Stone of the kidneyes doth clense and scoure the breast and lunges from flegme and slyme and is very profitable for such as haue the Phthisik or consumptiō and are vexed with the Cough The leaues of Bettayne dried are good to be giuen the quantitie of a dram with Hydromel that is to say Honied water vnto such as are troubled with the Crampe and also agaynst the diseases of the Mother or matrix The same taken in like manner bringeth the fluxe menstruall The dreid leaues dronken in wine are profitable against the biting of Serpentes and so be they to be applyed or layde outwardly vpon the wounde and it is good also for them that haue taken any poyson And if it be taken before hande it preserueth the people from all poyson Betany openeth and cureth the oppillation or stopping of the liuer the melt and the kidneyes and is good agaynst the Dropsie The same dronken with wine and water is good for them that spet blood and it cureth al inwarde and outwarde woundes The same taken with Hydromel or Meade looseth the belly very gentilly and helpeth them that haue the falling sicknesse madnesse and head ache It comforteth the stomacke helpeth digestion swageth belching the desire to vomit if it be taken with clarifyed honie in the euening after supper The same vertue hath the Conserue therof made with sugar and taken in the quantitie of a beane The roote of Betony dried and taken with honied water causeth one to cast out and vomit tough clammie flegme and other superfluous humors Of Panax Chap. cv †The Kyndes DIoscorides that famous and auncient writer of Plantes hath described vnto vs three sortes of Panaces wherof the first is Panaces Heraclium The seconde is Panaces Asclepij The thirde is Panaces Chironium ⧠The Description THE first kinde of Panaces hath great greene and rough leaues layd spread abroade vpon the ground and parted into fine iagges and cuttes almost lyke the leaues of the figge tree Amongst them springeth vp a long thicke stalke with ioyntes white without and hearie set here and there with the lyke leaues but somwhat smaller and bearing at the top a bushe or spokie tuffete lyke vnto Dyll the floure or blossom of it yellowe and the seede is of a pleasant sauour sharpe hoate It hath diuers white rootes growing or comming foorth of one head of a strong sauour and couered with a thicke bitter barke Out of the sayde roote and the stem or stalke cut and scarrified floweth the gomme or liquor called Opopanax the whiche being fresh and newly drawen foorth of the plante is white but beyng drie it waxeth all yellowe without as though it were coloured with Saffron 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Panaces Heracleum The seconde kinde of Panaces hath a slender stalke of a cubite long with knottes or ioyntes the leaues be greater more hearie and of a stronger sauour than the leaues of Fenell The floures growe also in tuffetes or rundels and they are yellowe of an odiferous sauour and sharpe taste The roote is small and tender The thirde kinde as Dioscorides and others do write hath leaues like vnto Marierom floures of a golden colour a small roote not goyng deepe in the grounde and of a sharpe taste But as Theophrastus and Plinic do describe it This thirde kinde of Panaces shoulde haue leaues lyke vnto Patience or Sorrel floures of a golden colour and a long roote so that amongst the olde writers is no perfit consent touching this thirde kinde of Panax †The Description VNto these three kindes of Panaces we may ioyne a certayne other strange plant whose seede is founde amongst Opopanax And this plante hath great large leaues somwhat rough hearie largely spread abroade and made of sundry leaues ioyned togither all in one wherof eache collaterall or by leafe is long and large almost like to the leaues of Patience The stalke or stem of this plante is full of ioyntes and of fiue or sixe foote long diuiding it selfe agayne into other stalkes and branches The floures be yellow growing in spokie tuffetes or rundels The seede is playne the roote is long and white †The Place The first kinde groweth about Cyren in Lybia and Macedonia also in Boeotia in Phocis of Arcadia whereas they vse to sowe it and manure it diligently for the gayne that is gotten of the sappe or iuyce thereof The thirde kinde groweth vppon the mount Pelius in Thessalie loueth good grounde Quarta Panacis Species The fourth kinde of Panax ⧠The Tyme The Opopanax is drawen gathered in the time of haruest †The Names The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Panaces Herculeum of Galien also Panax vnknowen in the shoppes here The liquor that commeth from it is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Opopanax in shoppes Opopanacum The seconde kinde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latine Panaces Asclepij or Aesculapij Panaces The thirde is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Panaces Chironium The fourth shoulde seeme to be Panaces Syriacum wherof Theophrastus Plinie haue mentioned which differeth from the former kindes as we haue els where more largely written in Latine Panaces in shoppes is called Siler montanum †The Nature The first Panaces is hoate in the thirde degree and drye in the seconde The liquor thereof is also of the lyke temperament The three other kindes are of the like temperature but not so hoate nor so strong ⧠The Vertues The seede of the first Panaces dronken with wormewood moueth womens flowres And taken with Herbe Sarrasine whiche is Aristolochia Clematitis it is good agaynst the poyson of all venimous beastes Being dronken with wine it cureth the suffocation and strangling or choking of the Matrix or Mother and causeth the same to fall and returne agayne to his naturall place The roote of Panaces chopped or hackt very small and applied belowe to the Mother or Matrix draweth foorth the dead Chylde and the vnnaturall birth The same roote mengled with Hony and layde vppon and also put into olde vlcers cureth the same and couereth bare or naked bones with flesh agayne The flowers and seede of the seconde kinde of Panaces are very profitable agaynst the bytinges of Serpentes to be dronken in wine or layde vpon the wounde with Oyle The same flowers and seede mingled with Hony and layde thereunto do cure olde malignant corrupt and fretting soares and also knobbes or harde swellinges The seede the flowers and also the roote of the thirde Panaces are very good to be dronken against the venom of Serpentes and Vipers Of Louage Chap. cvi †The Kyndes IF men take that herbe whiche is commonly called in Shoppes Leuisticum for one of the sortes
vpon Carbuncles and Pestilentiall botches and tumors breaketh the same especially after that it hath ben soked in vineger and mingled with leccayne It swageth tooth ache being put into the hollownesse of perished teeth or rather as Mesue sayth to be boyled in vineger and holdē or kept in the mouth Being layd to the eyes alone or mingled with Collyries made for the purpose it cleareth the sight With this gumme and Pitche they make a playster the whiche is very singuler agaynst the bytinges of al wilde and mad beastes being layd therevnto Of Laserpitium / and Laser Chap. cxij. †The Description LAserpitium by that we may gather of Theophrastus Dioscorides is an herbe that dyeth yerely his stalke is great and thicke lyke Ferula the leaues be lyke Persley and of a pleasant sent The seede is broade as it were a little leafe it hath a great many rootes growing out of one head which is thicke and couered with a blacke skinne From out of these rootes and stalkes being scarified and cut floweth a certayne strong liquor the which they drie and is verie requisite in medicine and it is called Laser but it is not all of a sorte nor in al places alyke for it chaungeth in taste sauour and fashion according to the places where as the Laserpitium groweth The sappe or liquor that floweth out of the Laserpitium growing in Cyrene is of a pleasant sauour and in tast not very grieuous so as in tymes past men dyd not onely vse it in shoppes for Physick but also in fine Cakes Iunkettes and other meates as Plinie writeth That whiche floweth out of the Laserpitium that groweth in Media and Syria is of a very lothsome and stinking sauour †The Place Laserpitium groweth on the high mountaynes and desertes of Cyrene and Aphrica and this is the best and chiefest and it yeeldeth a liquor which is very good and of a pleasant smell It groweth also in Syria Media Armenia and Lybia but the iuyce or liquor thereof is not so good but is of a very lothsome detestable and abominable smell †The Names This plant is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 In Latine Laser and Laserpitium of some as witnesseth Dioscorides Magudaris especially that whiche yeeldeth no liquor as in Lybia The stalkes of the right Laserpitium are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Silphium The rootes are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Magudaris The first leaues that spring vp out of the ground are called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Maspetū The iuyce or liquor of Laserpitium is called in Latine Laser and of the Arabian Physitions Asa or Assa The iuyce whiche floweth from the stalkes is called of Plinie Caulias and of Gaza the interpreter of Theophrastus Scaparium Laser That whiche floweth from the rootes is called Rhizias of Gaza Radicarium Laser The sweete sauering gumme or liquor is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Succus Cyrenaicus or Laser Cyrenaicum of some Asa Adorata vnknowen in Shoppes for that whiche they take for Laser as all the learned men of our tyme thinke is called of the Apothecaries Gummi benzui or Belzui or Assa dulcis in Englishe Belzoin or Benzoin in Frenche Benioin and it is not Laser but the gumme or liquor of a certayne great tree to vs vnknowen as the trauelers do affirme and as it doth manifestly appeare by the thicke peeces of barke and wood which is often found in and amongst the Benzoin that it cannot be the gumme or liquor of an herbe that perisheth yerely That Laser whiche commeth from Media is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Laser Medicum or Succus Medicus That whiche commeth from Syria is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Laser Syriacum These two last recited kindes of Laser that come from Syria and Media bycause of their lothsome sauour are called of the Arabian Physitions and Apothecaries Assa foetida in Englishe also Assa fetida in high Douche Teufels dreck that is to say Deuilles durt it is called in Brabant by a very strange name Fierilonfonsa †The Nature Laserpitium especially the roote is hoate and drie in the thirde degree Laser is also hoate and drie in the thirde degree but it exceedeth muche the heate of the leaues stalkes and rootes of Laserpitium †The Vertues The rootes of Laserpitium are very good as Dioscorides and Galen writeth to be dronken against alpoyson and a little of the same eaten with meat or taken with salte causeth one to haue a good and sweete breath The leaues of this plante as Plinie writeth boyled in wine and dronken mundifieth the Matrix and driueth foorth the Secondine and the dead fruit The rootes well pounde or stamped with Oyle scattereth clotted blood taketh away blacke and blewe markes that come of bruses or stripes cureth and dissolueth the kinges euill and all harde swellinges and Botches the places being annoynted or playstered therewith The same roote made into powder and made into a playster with the Oyle of Ireos and waxe doth both swage and cure the Sciatica or gowte of the hippe or huckle bone The same boyled with the pilles of pome Granattes and vineger doth cure the Hemorhoides and taketh away the great wartes all other superfluous outgrowinges about the fundement It hath the same vertue if one foment or bathe the fundement with the Decoction of the same rootes boyled in water They do also mundifie and clense the breast it dissolueth and ripeth tough flegme and it is very profitable against an olde cough comming of colde to be taken with hony in maner of a Lohoc or electuarie They prouoke vrine they mundife and clense the kidneyes and bladder they breake and driue foorth the Stone they moue the flowres and expulse the Secondine and the dead fruit If they be holden in the mouth and chewed vpon they swage tooth ache and drawe from the brayne a great quantitie of humours The liquor or gumme of Laserpitium especially of Cyrene broken and dissolued in water and dronken taketh away and cureth the hoarsenesse that cōmeth sodenly and being supt vp with a reare Egge it cureth the cough and taken with some good broth or supping it is good against an olde Pleurisie Laser cureth the Iaunders and Dropsie taken with dryed figges It is very good agaynst Crampes and the drawing togyther or shrincking of sinewes and other members to be taken the quantitie of a scruple and takē with Pepper Myrthe it prouoketh the flowres and driueth foorth the Secondine and dead fruit To be taken with Hony and vineger or with Syrupus Acetosus it is singuler agaynst the falling sicknesse It is good against the flixe of the belly comming of the debilitie and weakenesse of the stomacke which disease is called in Latine Coeliacus morbus with the skinne or rather the kernelles of raysons It driueth away the shakinges shiueringes of agues to be dronken with Wine Pepper
in the fourth degree ⧠The Vertues Euphorbium prepared in manner as shal be vnder written purgeth and driueth foorth by siege as Mesue saith tough colde and flymie flegmes and draweth vnto it from the sinewes and partes a farre of and also purgeth choler Moreouer it is very good against the olde head ache the Paulsie the Crampe the weakenesse that foloweth after the Frenche pockes the payne of the sinewes and extreme partes that are of continuance against the Iaunders It is also good against the Pestilence and suche lyke contagious sicknesses as one Gentilis writeth They make a playster with Euphorbium and twelue times so much Oyle and a little waxe very singuler against all paynes and aches of the ioyntes the Takinges Lamenesse Paulsies Crampes and shrinking of sinewes and against all aches paynes disorder of the same as Galien in his fourth booke de Medicamentis secundùm genera declareth more at large shewing how and whan the quantitie of Euphorbium is to be augmented or diminished whiche shoulde be to long to recite in this place Euphorbiū mingled with Oyle of Bay Beares grease or Woolfes grease or such like cureth the scurffe and scales of the head and pyldenesse causing the heare to renewe and growe againe not only vpon the head and other bare places but it will also cause the bearde to growe that is slacke in comming if it be annoynted therwithal The same mingled with Oyle and straked or layd vpon the temples of such as are very sleepie or troubled with the lethargie and raging doth awaken and quicken their sprites agayne And if it be applied to the nuque or nape of the necke it restoreth the speach agayne vnto them that haue lost it by reason of the Apoplexie Euphorbium mingled with vineger and straked vpon the place taketh away al fowle euilfauoured spots from the body especially the white scurffe and scales of the skinne †The Daunger Euphorbium by reason of his extreame heate is very hurtfull to the liuer and stomacke and all the inwarde partes when it is receiued into the body for it chafeth and inflameth the same out of measure †The correction and preparation therof The malice and violence of Euphorbium is corrected many waies and first ye must annoynt it with Oyle of sweete Almondes after put it into the midle of a Citron and wrap it or close it vp in leauened paste and so bake it when the paste is readie ye may take the Euphorbium out of it to vse in medicine Maynardus taketh Mastick gumme Dragagante as much as the Euphorbium commeth to and mingling them well togeather putteth it into the midle of an vnbackte loafe so letting it bake vntil the bread be wel backte then taketh he of the crumbe or pulpe of that loafe and maketh small pilles thereof whiche be very singuler against the weakenesse or debilitie comming of the Frenche pockes and al anguish and payne of the outwarde partes An other mingleth with Euphorbium the lyke quantitie of Masticke and maketh pilles with the iuyce of Citrons or Orenges the whiche are muche praysed against the Pestilence Of Sarcocolla Chap. cxvij SArcocolla is the gumme of a certaine thornie plant growing in Persia And the best is that which is yellowish bitter in taste and like to the fragmentes or small peeces of Frankensence yet Plinie in the xiij Chap. of the xj booke of his historie preferreth the white before the other and so doth he also in the xxiiij booke the xiiij Chap. †The Names This gumme is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Sarcocolla in Englishe Sarcocoll in Frenche Sarcocolle in Douche Sarcocolla †The cause of the Name The Greekes called this gumme or teare Sarcocolla bycause it sodereth and gleweth togyther woundes and cuttes of the flesh euen as glewe doth ioyne togyther timber †The Temperament or Nature Sarcocolla is hoate in the second degree and drie almost in the same degree and it drieth without any byting sharpnesse as Galen saith Sarcocolla as Mesue writeth purgeth rawe and grosse fleame and the tough flymie humours that are in the ioyntes and extreame partes It mundifieth the brayne the sinewes the breast and the lunges and is very good against an olde cough that hath continued long and for suche as are flegmatique and Reumatique to be taken the quantitie of a Dram or somwhat more It is very consolidatiue or healing wherefore it closeth vp woundes and vlcers and it mundifieth and clenseth malignant and corrupt vlcers and filleth the same with newe flesh especially being reduced and brought into a powder and strowed thereon or applied or layde therevnto with honie This gumme is very conuenient to bloodshotten eyes the spottes darkenesse scarres and such lyke impedimentes or defaultes of the same especially if it be stieped in Asses milke by the space of foure or fiue dayes as Mesue writeth but the milke must be euery day renewed and the stale or olde milke cast away †The daunger and correction of the same They that vse it muche waxe balde it is slowe in operation and it troubleth them that haue Cholerique stomackes wherefore heede must be taken that it be not giuen to suche One may augmente and increase his vertue to loose the belly by putting thereto some ginger and Cardamome The ende of the seconde part Twise corrected and augmented by the Aucthor ¶ The thirde part of the Historie of Plantes / intreating of Medicinal rootes / and herbes / that purge the body also of noysome weedes and dangerous Plantes Their sundrie fashions Names and Natures their vertuous Operations and dangers Compiled by the learned D. Rembert Dodoens nowe Phisition to the Emperour Of Aristolochia Chap. i. †The Kyndes ARistolochia as Dioscorides writeth is of three sortes that is to say long Aristolochia rounde Aristolochia and the Aristolochia called clematitis Whereunto Plinie hath added a fourth kinde called Pistolochia and the later writers haue ioyned to them a fifth kinde called Sarrasines herbe or Astroloche 1. Aristolochia longa Long Aristoloche 2. Aristolochia rotunda Rounde Aristoloche ⧠The Description THE long Aristolochia hath diuers square slender branches of a span long or more growing vp from the roote about which groweth here and there certayne broade leaues like Iuy leaues The floures be purple and most commonly pale of a strong greeuous sauour they growe fast by leaues and are in proportion long and holowe yet longer by one syde than by another whan they are past there foloweth a certayne fruit like vnto small peares sauing they be ridged alongest the sydes or crested and clouen lyke garlike heades the which do also chop and cleeue a sunder whan the seede is rype and the seede that than appeareth is triangled and of blackish colour The roote is halfe a foote long or more and as thicke as ones thombe or finger of a yellowish colour like Boxe of a sharpe bitter taste and strong sauor The rounde Aristolochia in his stalkes
these plantes is called of Dioscorides 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Arisarū we may also call it in English Arisaron Plinie in his xxiiij booke and xvj Chap. calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 saying there is an Aris growing in Egypt like vnto Aron but it is smaller both in leaues and roote and yet the roote is as bigge as an Olife But the other Arisaron was vnknowen of the olde writers Yet that it is also a kinde of Arisaron it is manifest aswel in the flowers fruit rootes as also in the qualities †The Nature Arisaron is of a hoater and dryer complexion than Aron as Galen writeth ⧠The Vertues Arisaron also in vertue and operation is lyke to Dragonwortes and the roote thereof is proper to cure hollowe vlcers and paynefull sores as Dioscorides writeth they also make of it Collyria and playsters good agaynst Fistulas It rotteth and corrupteth the priuie members of all liuing thinges being put therein as Dioscorides writeth Of Centorie Chap. ix †The Kyndes CEntorie as Dioscorides writeth is of two sorts that is to say the great and the smal the whiche in proportion and quantitie are muche differing one from the other †The Description THE great Centorie hath rounde stemmes of two or three Cubites long it hath long leaues diuided into sundry partes lyke vnto the walnut tree leaues sauing that these leaues are snipt dented about the edges lyke a Sawe The flowers be of small hearie threddes or thrommes of a lyght blewe purple colour and they growe out of the scalye knoppes at the toppes of the braunches the whiche knoppes or heades are rounde and somewhat swollen in the neather parte lyke to a peare or small Hartichock in whiche knoppes togyther with a certayne kinde of Downe or Cotton are founde the long rounde smoth and shining seede like the seede of Cartamus or Bastarde Saffron and our Ladyes Thistel The roote is long grosse thicke and brickle of a blackish colour without and reddish within full of iuyce of sanguin colour with sweetnesse and a certayne byting Affriction Of this great Centorie there is an other kinde whose leafe is not diuided or iagde into partes or peeces but after the manner of a Docke leafe it is long and broade single and not cut into partes yet it is nickt snipt rounde about the edges Sawe fashion The stalke is shorter than the other The flowers seede and roote is lyke the other Centaurium magnum The great Centorie Centaurium minus The smal Centorie †The Place The great Centorie delighteth in a good and fruitfull grounde and grasie hilles k playnes Dioscorides sayth it groweth in Lycia Peloponneso Arcadia Helide Messenie and in diuers places of Pholoen Smyrna that stande high and well agaynst the Sunne It is also founde vpon the mounte Garganus or Idea in the Countrie of Apuleia and in the feelde Baldus vppon the mountaynes nere Verona but that which groweth in the mount Baldus is not so good as that of Apuleia as Matthiolus writeth The single or whole leaued great Centorie groweth in Spayne and the rootes being brought to Antwarpe and hyther do sometime grow being planted in our gardens The small Centorie groweth in vntoyled feeldes and pastures but especially in dry groundes and it is common in the most places of Englande and also in Italie and Germanie †The Tyme The great Centories do flower in sommer and their rootes must be gathered in Autumne The small Centorie is gathered in Iuly and August with his flowers and seede †The Names The great Centorie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Centauriū magnum Theophrastus also calleth it Centaurida in Shoppes it is wrong named of some Rha Ponticum for Rha Ponticum is that kinde of Rha which groweth in the Countrie of Pontus and it is a plant muche differing from the great Centaurie There be also other names ascribed vnto the great Centorie which are fayned and counterfayted as Apuleius writeth wherof some seeme to apparteine to the lesser Cētorie as 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is in Latine Herculis sanguis Vnefera Fel terrae Polyhydion 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 The smal Centorie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of Theophrastus 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Centaurium paruum and Centaurium minus of some Febrifuga Fel terrae and Multiradix of the Apothecaries Centauria minor in Italie and Hetruria Biondella in Spanish Cintoria in Germanie Tausenguldenkraut in Brabant Santorie and cleyn Santorie in French Petite Centaure †The cause of the Name Centorie was called in Greeke Centaurion and Chironion after the name of Chiron the Centaure who first of all founde out these two herbes taught thē to Aesculapius as Apuleius writeth And as some other write they were so named bycause Chiron was cured with these herbes of a certayne wounde whiche he tooke being receiued as a ghest or straunger in Hercules house or lodging by letting fall on his foote one of Hercules shaftes or arrowes as he was handling and vewing of the sayde Hercules weapon and armour †The Nature The great Centorie is hoate and dry in the thirde degree also astringent The lesse or small Centorie is of complexion hoate and drie in the seconde degree ⧠The Vertues The roote of great Centorie in quantitie of two Drammes taken with water if there be a feuer in wine if there be no feuer is good for them that are bursten and for them that spet blood and agaynst the Crampe shrinking of any member the shortnesse of winde and difficultie of breathing the olde cough and griping paynes or knawinges of the belly The same dronken in wine bringeth downe the monethes or womens natural termes and expulseth the dead fruit as it doth also being conueyed in at the naturall place as a Pessarie or mother Suppositorie The greene roote of great Centorie stamped or the drie roote soked in water and brused doth ioyne togyther and heale al greene and fresh woundes being layde and applyed therevnto The iuyce of the roote the which they gather and keepe in some countries hath the lyke vertue as the roote it selfe The roote of the small or lesse Centorie is to no purpose for Medicine but the leaues flowers and iuyce of the same are very necessarie The smal Centorie boyled in water or wine purgeth downewardes Cholerique flegmatique grosse humours and therefore it is good for such as are greeued with the Sciatica if they be purged with the same vntyll the blood come It is very good agaynst the stoppinges of the liuer against the Iaundise and agaynst the hardnesse of the Melte or Splene The decoction of Centorie the lesse dronken killeth wormes and driueth them foorth by siege It is also very good against conuultions and Crampes and al the diseases of the sinewes The iuyce therof taken applied vnder in a Pessarie prouoketh the flowers and expulseth the dead childe The same with
the domestical or tame kinde the square or cornered kinde the which some do cal Arietinum and the wilde Ciche and there be two sortes of that kinde whiche is called Arietinum white and blacke Cicer satiuum Tame Ciches Cicer Arietinum Sheepes Ciches †The Description THe tame Ciche Peason is a smal kinde of pulse almost like to a lentil it hath foure or fiue branches and therevpon small narrowe diuidid leaues not muche vnlyke the leaues of lentilles The flowers grow vpon short stemmes small and somewhat whitishe after the whiche there come vp small rounde huskes or coddes wherein is commonly founde three or foure round Peason hauing a certayne bunch hillock or outgrowing by one side not muche vnlike Sheepes Ciche Peason but a great deale smaller and not so harde and of a better taste Sheepes Ciches haue slender stalkes and harde with many branches and rounde leaues iagged about the brimmes like the lentil or feche growing directly or opposite one against the other the flowers be either white or purple and bring foorth shorte rounde Coddes or huskes bollen or swelling vp like small bladders wherein growe two or three Peason cornered and fashioned almost lyke a sheepes head in colour sometymes white and sometimes blacke The wild Ciche pease in leaues are lyke to the tame but they are of a ranke and strong sauour and the fruite of another fashion as Dioscorides saith vnlike the tame Ciches †The Place These Ciche Peason are founde planted in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme All the Ciches are ripe in August like to the other sortes of pulse †The Names Ciche Peason are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cicer in Frenche Cices ▪ or Pois Cice. The first kind is called Cicer satiuum Columbinum Venereū and in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Orobiaeon that is to say in Latine Cicer eruillum vnknowen in Shoppes This is not Eruum as many at this time do thinke and for that purpose they put it into their triacles and other suche medicines The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cicer Arietinum that is to say Sheepes Ciche pease in Shoppes Cicer in Englishe Sheepes Cichpeason in French Pois Ciches in high Douch Zysern erweyssen in base Almaigne Ciceren The thirde kinde is called Cicer syluestre that is to say Wilde Ciches †The Nature The Ciche pease is hoate and drie in the first degree †The Vertues The domestical or tame Ciches prouoke vrine and cause milke to encrease in womens brestes it taketh away the euyll colour and causeth good colour to ensue The same boyled with Orobus called in Englishe the bitter Fiche doth asswage and heale the blastinges or swellinges of the yearde or priuie members if it be layde thereon also men vse with great profite to applie it to running sores and vlcers of the head and the scurffe The same mingled with Barley meale and honie is good against corrupt and festred sores and Canckers being layde therevppon Sheepes Ciches do prouoke vrine and vnstoppe the Melt the Liuer and the kidneyes and the decoction thereof drunken breaketh the stone and grauell To conclude the Ciche peason do wast clense and make thinne all cold and grosse humours and are good agaynst all spreading sores and the inflammations and swellinges behinde the eares They do likewise nourish sufficiently but they engender muche windinesse ⧠The Danger The vse of Ciches is not very good for them whiche haue any vlceration in the kidneyes or bladder for they be to much scouring and do cause the vrine to be sharpe Of Lupines Chap. xxiij †The Kindes THere be two sortes of Lupines the white or garden Lupine and the wild Lupine The wild kind agayne is of sundrie sortes for somtimes you shall see some of them with a yellowe flower sometymes with a blewe flower and sometimes with a reddishe flower Lupinus Satiuus Lupinus syluestris Lupines †The Description THE tame or garden Lupine hath round harde stemmes standing vpright of him selfe without any succour stay or helpe eyther of bowes or branches and after it hath brought foorth his first flowers then it parteth it selfe aboue into three branches which when they haue also brought foorth their flowers euery of the sayde branches doth part and dinide them selues agayne into thrée branches continuing so in flowers parted branches vntill they be hindered by frostes The leaues are cut and slit downe into fiue sixe or seuen partes The flowers do grow many togither at the end or parting of the stalkes after whiche flowers there come in their places long coddes somwhat rough without The fruit is white and flat like a cake in taste very bitter The wilde Lupine hath yellow flowers and is very like to the aforesayd sauing that his leaues and stalkes are much lesse his flowers are not white but yellow and the seede or fruite is not white but spotted The wilde Lupines with the blewe and red flowers are yet lesser then the yellow the fruite is also marked or spotted and it is the least of the Lupines †The Place The Herboristes do plante Lupines in their gardens The wilde with the blewe do growe amongst the corne about Monpellier †The Tyme In warme Countries and hoate seasons the Lupine flowreth three times a yere The first flower commeth foorth about the end of May afterward the three first collaterall branches do spring out the whiche three branches do likewise flower about the beginning of Iuly The sayd collaterall bowes or branches do agayne bring foorth three other branches they do flower in August where as they be well placed in the Sonne The fruite of the first and seconde bloweing doth come to perfect ripenes in this Countrie but the thirde blowing doth hardly come to ripenesse except it chaunce in a very hoate sommer †The Names This kinde of pulse is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in Shoppes Lupinus in Frenche Lupin in English Lupines in high Douche Feigbonen in base Almaigne Lupinen and Vijchboonen The first kinde is called Lupinus satiuus that is to say The manured or garden Lupine The three other sortes are called Wilde Lupines in Latine Lupini syluestres and these be not vsed in medicine †The Nature The garden Lupine is hoate and drie in the seconde degree it hath vertue to digest make subtil and to clense †The Vertues The meale of Lupines taken with hony or els with water and vineger doth kill and driue foorth by siege al kindes of wormes The same vertue hath the decoction of Lupines when it is dronken And for the same purpose men vse to lay Lupines stamped vpon the nauel of young children fasting Men giue the decoction of Lupins boyled with Rue and Pepper to drinke to open the stoppinges of the liuer and melt Apessarie made of Lupins Mirrhe and Hony mingled togither mooueth womens natural sicknesse or flowers and expelleth or deliuereth the dead birth She
of this Countrie do sowe it in their gardens The other lykewise groweth in many places of Italy and Douchland and in Fraunce as Ruellius writeth it is yet vnknowen to vs. †The Tyme These two kindes of Carline do flower in Iuly and August †The Names The first of these Thistelles is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the whiche name is distinct and separated from Acantha leuce as Dioscorides writeth of some it is called Polygonatum Phyllon and Ischias of the Auncient Romaynes Spina alba nowe they call it Carlina or Carolina bycause of Charlemaigne Emperour of the Romaynes vnto whom an Angel first shewed this Thistel as they say when his armie was striken with the pestilence some call it also Cardopatium in Frenche Carline in high Douche Eberwurtz Grosz Eberwurtz and Waisz Eberwurtz in base Almaigne Euerwortele Witte Euerwortele and Carlina The other is also a kinde of Carline and is called in Frenche Petite Carline in high Douch Klein Eberwurtz and in base Almaigne according to the same it is called Euerwortele and Cleyne Carlina Some learned Fryers of Rome do thinke it to be that Thistel whiche is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Spina Arabica of some Acanthis and of the Arabian Physitions Suchaha †The Nature The roote of Carline is hoate in the first degree and drie in the thirde †The Vertues The roote of Carline boyled in wine is very good for the olde greefes of the side and against the Sciatica if you drinke three little cupfulles of wine wherein it hath bene sodden The same taken in lyke manner is good for them that are bursten and troubled with the Crampe or drawing togither of the sinewes The same made into powder and taken to the quantitie of a Dramme is of singuler vertue against the Pestilence for as we may reade al the hoast of the Emperour Charlemaigne was by the helpe of this roote preserued from the Pestilence The same roote holden in the mouth is good against the tooth ache The same layde to with vineger healeth the scurffe and noughtie itche The lesser Carline is the Thistel which Dioscorides calleth Spina Arabica and of the Arabian Physitions Suchaha it stoppeth all issue of blood the inordinate course of womens flowers and the falling downe of Rheumes and Catarrhes vpon the lunges and inwarde partes so that it be eaten Cooper saith that Leucacantha is a kinde of Thistel with white prickle leaues called in English Saint Marie Thistel Wherein he hath folowed Matthiolus if theirallegations be true this place is to be amended Seeke for Matthiolus Carlina in the Chapter Chameleon where as here citeth the tale of the Emperour Charlemaigne The figures here expressed Matthiolus vseth to Chameleon and to Leucacantha he hath giuen the figure of Saint Marie or our Ladyes Thistel whereof we haue before written Chapt. 63. Of Wilde Caroline Chap. lxviij †The Description THis Thistel hath loÌ„g narrow leaues deeply cut vpon both edges or sides and prickley much lyke to the leaues of Carlina from the middest of which leaues groweth vp a straight rounde small stemme about a foote high set ful of such leaues as are before described at the toppe whereof growe three or foure round heades or moe set full of sharpe prickles lyke the huskes of the Chestnut the which at their opening do spreade very brode in the middle and about the roundnesse therof it beareth litle pale yellowish leaues whiche is the flower To conclude the knoppes with their prickles flowers and seede do much resemble the heades or knoppes of Caroline sauing they be smaller paler turning towardes yellowe The roote is small and hoate vppon the tongue †The Place This Thistel groweth in this Countrie in rude vntoyled places about the high wayes †The Tyme It flowreth in Iuly and August Carlina syluestris †The Names This Thistel is called in high Douch Dreydistel Frauwen Distel and Seuw Distel and in base Almaigne likewise Dryedistel It shoulde seeme that this is a sorte or kinde of Carline and therefore we call it Carlina syuestris that is to say Wilde Carline It may be 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Acorna of Theophraste †The Nature This Thistel is hoate of complexion But what vertue or working it is of is yet vnknowen Of wilde bastarde Saffron Chap. lxix †The Description THis Thistell is not muche vnlyke Carthamus that is to saye the right Bastarde Saffron The leaues be rough and prickley the little heades or knoppes are deckte with many small narrow leaues sharpe pointed and pricking out of which growe threddy or thrommed flowers lyke as in Carthamus of a faynt yellowishe colour but much paler than the flowers of Carthamus The flowers past there is founde within the knoppie heades a seede lyke the seede of Carthamus but browner ¶ The Place This Thistel groweth not of it selfe in this Countrie but is sowen in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme This Thistel flowreth very late in August and September †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Atractilis Syluestris Cnecus Fusus agreâ—â—is Colus rustica of some also Amyron Aspidion Aphedron and PrÄ™sepium they call it nowe a dayes Syluestris Carthamus in French Quenoille rustique Saffran bastard sauuage in Douch Wilde Carthamus vnknowen in Shoppes in Englishe Wilde Carthamus or Wilde bastarde Saffron †The Nature Wild bastard Saffron hath a drying qualitie and partly digestiue †The Vertues The tender Croppes leaues and seede of this Thistel wel brayed with Pepper and wine is very good to be layde to the bitinges of Scorpions Men say also as Dioscorides hath written that such as be stongue with the Scorpion do feele no payne nor greefe so long as they beare this herbe in their handes but as soone as they let it goe the ache and payne taketh them agayne Atractilis Of Blessed Thistel Chap. lxx †The Description BLessed Thistell hath long rough hoare leaues deepely cut and parted on both sides or edges The stalkes be also rough hearie creeping or rather lying vpon the ground and set full of smal leaues but lyke the other it beareth rough knoppes or heades beset rounde about with long and sharpe poynted little prickley leaues out of whiche growe the flowers of a faint yellowish colour The whiche being past and gone there is founde in the knoppes a long gray seede bearded with bristelles at the vpper ende laid and wrapped in a soft downe or Cotton The roote is long and tender full hearie threddes †The Place This Blessed Thistell is sowen in gardens Atractilis birsutior †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and Iuly †The Names This herbe is also taken of Plinie and Theophrast for a kind of Atractilis and they call it Atractilis hirsutior It is nowe called in Shoppes Carduus benedictus and Cardo benedictus and accordingly in Frenche they call it Chardon beniss in high Douch Cardobenedict and Besegneter Distel in base Almaigne
vs we wyll write no more thereof but as we haue gathered frō the writinges of the Ancientes others which lately haue trauayled into those Countries who notwithstanding be not yet all of one mind or opinion for Plinie writeth that the tree which beareth Pepper is like to our Iuniper Philostratus saith the Pepper tree with his fruite is lyke to Agnus castus Dioscorides with certayne others do write the Pepper groweth in India vpon a litle or smal tree And that the long Pepper the which is lyke to the knoppes or agglettes that hang in the Birche or Hasell trees before the comming foorth of the leaues is as it were the first fruit which cōmeth foorth immediatly after the flowers the which also in processe of time do waxe long great and white bringing foorth many berries hanging togither vpō one and the selfe same stem The which berries being yet vnripe are the white Pepper and being ripe blacke is our common blacke Pepper Suche as trauel to the Indians Calecute the Countries there aboutes do say that Pepper groweth not vpon trees but vpon a plante lyke Iuie or Bindweede the which doth twist and wrap it selfe about trees and hedges bringing foorth long weake stemmes where vpon hang the Pepper cornes or berries euen like the Ribes or beyondsea Gooseberries as ye may see in this Countrie for Pepper is brought frō the Indians to Anwarpe preserued in comsiture with the stems and foote stalkes hanging in it The greene and vnripe berries remayne white and it is that we call white Pepper but when they be through ripe they waxe blacke full of shriueled wrinckles and that is our common blacke Pepper The same aucthours or later trauaylers do affirme that long Pepper is not the fruite of this plante but that it groweth vppon other trees lyke the thinges that you see hanging lyke Cattes tayles or Agglettes vpon the Nut trees and Birche trees in the winter the which fruit they cal long Pepper bycause in taste and working it is like Pepper ¶ The Place Pepper groweth in the Iles of the Indian seas as Taprobane Sumatra and certayne other Ilandes adioyning from which Ilandes it is brought to Calecute the which is the most famous and cheefest citie as also the greatest marte towne of the Indians and there it is solde not by waight but by measures as they sel corne in this Countrie †The Names Pepper is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Latine Piper in high Douche Pfeffer in base Almaigne Peper and in English Pepper Long Pepper is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Piper longum in Shoppes Macropiper The white Pepper is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Piper album in Shoppes Leucopiper The blacke Pepper is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Piper nigrum in Shoppes Melanopiper †The Nature Pepper is hoate and drie in the thirde degree especially the white and the blacke for the long Pepper is not so drie bycause it is partaker of a certayne moysture †The Vertues It is put into sauces to giue a good smacke taste vnto meates to prouoke appetite and helpe digestion It prouoketh vrine driueth forth windinesse and paynes in the belly to be ken with the tender leaues of Bay or Commin it is also very good agaynst poyson and the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes and therefore it is put into treacles and preseruatiue medicines The same dronken before the cōming of the fit of the Ague or layde to annointed outwardly with oyle is good against the shakings brusings of agues The same licked in with hony is good agaynst the cough comming of a cold cause and against all the colde infirmities of the breast and lunges The same chewed with Raysons draweth downe from the head thinne fleme and purgeth the brayne Layd to with hony it is good against the Squinancie for it consumeth and wasteth the swellinges and tumours The same with Pitche dissolueth the kinges euill and kernels and wennes or harde colde swellinges and draweth foorth shardes and splinters Pepper but especially long Pepper is good to be mingled with eye medicines or Collyries made to cleare and strengthen the sight Of Garlike Chap. lxxi ¶ The Kyndes THere be three sortes of Garlike that is the common or garden Garlike wilde Garlike and Ramsons Allium satiuum Garden Garlike Allium syluestre Crow Garlike Allium vrsinum Ramsons †The Description GArden Garlike hath leaues lyke grasse or Leekes amongst which the yere after the sowing come vp rounde holowe stems whiche beare flowers and seede lyke to to the Onyon The roote is rounde swelling out lyke the Onyon heaped vp with many cloues or kernelles ioyned togither vnder whiche hangeth a bearde or tassell of many small hearie stringes The wylde Garlyke hath no leaues but in steede thereof it hath long rounde small holowe pyped blades amongst whiche springeth vp a round hard stemme of two or three foote long vppon whiche grow the flowers and seede The roote is also round Bulbus fashion without cloues or kernelles growing in it yet sometimes it hath ioyned therevnto newe heades or or rootes from which spring new plants Of this sorte is founde another kynde whiche is smaller in all thinges els like the other aswell in leaues or blades stemmes and seede as also in rootes the whiche doo growe most commonly in medowes Allium vrsinum Ramsons The thirde kinde of garlike called Ramsons hath most commonly two drode blades or large leaues almost like the leaues of Liricumphancy or May Lyllies betwixt whiche commeth vp a stemme or twayne bearing many smal white flowers The roote is lyke to a young Garlyke head of a very ranke sauour and taste †The Place Garden Garlike is planted in gardens The wilde Garlyke groweth by it selfe in feeldes and hedges and medowes especially the smaller sort for the bigger keepeth the feeldes pastures most commonly Ramsons growe in moyst darke places †The Tyme The wilde Garlyke flowreth and is in seede in Iune and Iuly Ramsons flowreth in Aprill and May. †The Names Garlyke is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Allium in hygh Douche Knobloch or Knoblouch in base Almaigne Loock The first kinde is called Allium satiuum in Englishe Garden Garlyke and poore mens treacle in Frenche Ail de iardin in Douche Tam Loock or Loock The seconde kind is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Allium anguinum Allium syluestre in French Ail sauuage in high Douche Wilder Knobloch or feld Knobloch in base Almaigne Wilt Loock in English Crow Garlike and wilde Garlike The thirde kinde is called of the later writers in Latine Allium vrsinum in Frenche Ail d'ours in high Douch Waldt knoblauch in base Almaigne Das Loock in English Ramsons Buckrammes Beares Garlike This shoulde seeme to be that Garlyke whiche Dioscorides calleth Scorodoprassum or as some others thinke Ampeloprasum †The Nature Garlyke is
hoate and drie almost in the fourth degree †The Vertues Garlyke eaten rawe and fasting nourisheth not but contrariewise it ingendreth euill blood bycause of his exceeding heate Neuerthelesse being boyled vntil it hath lost his sharpnesse it engendreth not so euil blood and although it nourisheth but litle yet it nourisheth more then when it is eaten rawe It is good for suche people as are full of grosse rawe and tough humours for it wasteth and consumeth colde humours It dispatcheth windinesse openeth al stoppinges killeth and driueth foorth brode wormes and prouoketh vrine It is good against all venome poyson taken in meates or boyled in wine and dronken for of his owne nature it withstandeth al poyson in so much that it driueth away all venemous beastes from the place where it is Therefore Galen prince of Physitions called it poore mens Treacle It is layde with great profite to the bitinges of mad Dogges and vpon the bitinges stinginges of venemous beastes as Spiders Scorpions Vipers and suche lyke and for the same purpose it auayleth muche to drinke the decoction or broth of Garlyke sodde in wine It is also good to keepe such from danger of sicknesse as are forced to drinke of diuers sortes of corrupt waters The same eaten raw or boyled cleareth the voyce cureth the old cough and is very good for them that haue the Dropsie for it drieth the stomacke and consumeth the water and doth not much alter nor distemper the body The decoction thereof made with Orygan and wine being dronken killeth lyce and nittes It is very good against the tooth ache for it slaketh the same pounde with vineger laid to the teeth or boyled in water with a litle incence the mouth washed therewith or put into the holownesse of the corrupt teeth It is of the same vertue mixt with goose grease and powred into the eares The same brused betwixt the handes and layde to the temples slaketh the olde headache The same burned into ashes mingled with hony healeth the wild scabbe and scurffe of the head and the falling of the heare being layde therevpon Layde to in the same manner it healeth blacke and blewe scarres that remayne after bruses and stripes It is also good against the fowle white scurffe leprie and running vlcers of the head and all other manginesse pounde with oyle and salte and layde there vpon Also it is good against the hoate inflammation called wilde fier which is a spreading scabbe lyke a tetter With Swines grease in wafteth and dissolueth harde swellinges and layd to with Sulpher and Rosen it draweth foorth the euill qualitie or noughtie humour from fistulas as Plinie writeth It moueth womens natural sicknes driueth foorth the secondine if women sit ouer the decoction thereof or if it be cast vpon the quicke coles and women receiue the fume of it through a fonnel or holow stole They cure the pipe or roupe of Pultrie and Chickens with Garlyke †The Danger Garlyke is hurtfull and nought for cholerique people and suche as be of a hoate complexion it hurteth the eyes and sight the head and kidneyes It is also nought for women with childe and suche as giue sucke to children Of Sauwce alone or Iacke by the hedge Chap. lxxij †The Description THis herbe at his first springing vp hath roundish leaues almost lyke to Marche violettes but much greater and larger of a paler color Amōgst those leaues cōmeth vp the stalke of two foote high with longer and narrower leaues then the first were and creuised or iagged about not much vnlike the Nettle leaues but greater The whiche beyng brused betweene the fingers haue the sauour and smell of Garlyke About the highest of the stalke grow many small white flowers and after them long coddes or huskes wherein is blacke seede The roote is long slender and of wooddy substance ¶ The Place This herbe delighteth to growe in lowe vntoyled places as about the borders of medowes and moyst pasture groundes and somtimes in hedges and vpon walles †The Tyme This herbe flowreth most commonly in May and Iune and afterwarde commeth the seede Alliaria †The Names This herbe is called of the later writers in the Latine tongue Alliaria of some also Scordotis but this is not the true Scordotis the whiche is also called Scordium and is described in the first booke of this historie Pandectarius calleth it Pes Asininus it is named in French Alliaire in high Douch Knoblochkraut Leuchel or Saszkraut in base Almaigne Loock sonder loock in Englishe Sauce alone and Iacke by the hedge †The Nature This herbe is hoate and drie almost in the thirde degree fourth degree †The Vertues This herbe is not much vsed in medicine but some do vse it with meates in steede of garlyke The ignorant Apothecaries doo vse this herbe for Scordium not without errour as it is manifest to all such as are learned in the knowledge of Simples Of Onyons Chap. lxxiij ¶ The Kindes THere be diuers sortes of Onyons some white some red some long some rounde some great and some small but al of one sauour and propertie sauing that the one is a litle stronger then the other Yet they differ not in leaues flowers and seede †The Description THe Onyon hath leaues or blades almost like garlike holow within The stemmes be round vpon whiche grow rounde bawles or heades couered with little fine or tēder white skinnes out of which breake many white flowers lyke starres whiche turne into smal pellettes or buttons in whiche are contayned two or three blacke cornered seedes The roote is rounde or long made of many foldes pylles or coueringes growing one vpon another wherof the vpmost pilles or scales are thinnest In the neather part of the roote is a bearde of hearie rootes or stringes lyke a tassel †The Place They are sowen in euery garden of this Countrie but they loue a soft and gentle grounde †The Tyme They are commonly sowen in Februarie and March and are ful growen in August are then pluckt out of the ground to be kept And if they be plāted againe in December Ianuary or February then they wil blow in Iune and bring foorth in Iuly and August ⧠The Names The Onyon is called in Greek 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cepa and Cepe in high Douche Zwibel in base Almaigne seede Ayeuyn †The Nature The Onyon is almost hoate in the fourth degree and rather of grosse then subtil partes Crommion Cepa Onyons †The Vertues The Onyon engendreth windynesse and causeth appetite and it doth scatter and make thinne grosse and clammie humours without nourishing especially to be eaten raw But being boyled twise or thrise it is nothing so sharpe and it nourisheth somewhat but not muche Onyons eaten in meate open the belly gently and prouoke vrine plentifully They open the Hemorrhoides so called in Greeke layd to the fundement or siege with oyle or vineger and so doth the iuyce or the whole
Onyon mingled with rosted apples and layde vpon the fundement with cotten Onyons sodden and layde to with Raysens and figges do ripe and breake wennes and suche lyke colde swellinges The iuyce of them dropped into the eyes cleareth the dimnesse of the sight and at the beginning remoueth the spottes cloudes and hawes of the eyes The same iuyce dropped into the eares is good agaynst deafenesse and the humming noyse or ringing of the same and is good to clense the eares from all filthinesse and corrupt matter of the same The same powred or snift vp into the nosethrilles causeth one to sneese and purgeth the brayne Being put vnder in a pessarie it bringeth out the flowers and secondine It is laide to the bitings of dogges with hony Rue salt with good successe It cureth the noughtie scabbe and itche the white spottes of all the body and also the scurffe and scales of the head and filleth agayne with heare the pylde places of the head being layde thereto in the Sonne The same layde to with Capons grease is good against the blisters of the feete and against the chafing and gaulling of the shoe †The Danger The often vse of Onyons causeth headache and ouermuche sleepe and is hurtfull to the eyes Of Leekes Chap. lxxiiij †The Description THE Leeke hath long brode blades folden togither with a keele or crest in the backside in taste and sauour not muche vnlyke the Onyon betwixt which leaues in the second yere groweth a rounde stemme whiche bringeth foorth a rounde head or bawle with his flowers lyke the Onyon and after the flowers it beareth seede in fashion lyke to Onyon seede but that it is of a grayishe colour The roote is white and lesser then a meane Onyon with a bearde or tassell of hearie stringes ¶ The Place The Leeke is planted almost in euery garden of this Countrie and is but seldome suffered to seede but the blades are cut almost euery day harde by the grounde to be daylye vsed in pottages and other meates and therefore it can vnethe or scarsely growe vp †The Tyme The Leeke flowreth in Maye and Iune a yeere after the sowing if it hath not bene cut for if it be continually cut it beareth very seldome flowers or seede and therefore some do write that the Leeke bringeth foorth neyther flowers nor seede whiche is vntrue for the Leeke whiche hath not bene cutte bryngeth foorth both flowers and seede Porrum ¶ The Names The Leeke is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Porrum in Frenche Poureau in high Douche Lauch in base Almaigne Paraye in Englishe a Leeke or Leekes The vncut Leeke is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Porrum capitatum that to say in Englishe the headded or knopped Leeke The cut Leeke is called of Columella and of Palladius in Latine Porrum sectiuum in Englishe Frenche Leeke vnset Leeke Mayden Leeke †The Nature The Leeke is hoate and drie in the third degree of Nature lyke the Onyon but not so strong ⧠The Vertues Leekes engender grosse and euill blood breede winde and cause heauie dreames especially to be eaten raw but boyled in water twise or thrise it wil be the better and more conuenient to be eaten It stirreth one to make water it maketh the humours fine and thinne and softeneth the belly The iuyce of Leekes dronken with hony is good agaynst the bitinges and stinginges of venemous beastes The iuyce of Leekes taken in an electuarie of Lohoc doth mundifie clense the breast causeth one to spet out and is good against hoarsenesse and the olde cough A bath of Leekes made with salt sea water prouoketh womens flowers openeth the stoppings of the Matrix and doth mollifie and soften all hardnesse of the same if they sit ouer the fume thereof The leaues or as we say the the blades of Leekes will stanche bleeding especially nosebleeding the same vertue hath the iuyce mingled with vineger and fine powder of Frankensence to be put into the nosethrilles The sede is good to be mingled and put into medicines that serue to breake the stone It stoppeth and stancheth all superfluous bleeding to be taken with the like quantitie of Myrtill berries †The Danger Leekes engender euil humours and windinesse they cause heauy and terrible dreames they darken the eye sight and are very hurtful for them that haue any exulcerations or goyng of of the skinne of the bladder or raynes Of Cyues / or Rushe Onions Leekes Chap. lxxv †The Description CYues or Rushe Onyons in the steede of leaues haue litle smal holowe slender piped blades lyke to smal Rushes growing thicke togither in taste not much vnlyke the taste of Leekes Amōgst the Rushlyke leaues growe smal rounde stemmes with smal bowles or rounde knopped heades like the bawle in the top of the seede Onyon but much smaller and ful of smal purple flowers The rootes be lyke to small Oniōs but a great deale smaller growing close and thicke togither ful of long hearie threds or stringes lyke the beard of the Onyons or leekes †The Place It is set in gardens amongst potte herbes or wurtes †The Time It flowreth in May and Iune a yere after the sowing new planting or setting Schoenoprasum †The Names This kinde of Leekes is called in English Cyues of Turner in Latine Cepa pallacana in greke Gethyū which he Englisheth by al these names a Cyue a Ciuet a Chyue or Sweth and giueth to the same a very strange figure but this kinde is called in French des Oignoncettes or Porrettes in high Douche Schnitlauch Bryszlauch in base Almaigne Biesloock that is to say Rushe Garlike bycause in steede of leaues it bringeth forth smal rushes like Crow Garlike It hath neither Greke nor Latine name that I knowe Therefore in folowing the Douche we doo call it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Scoenoprasum whiche may be Englished Rushe Leekes and if any man had called it in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 I without any presumption might haue called it Rushe Onyons Some take it to be Porrum sectiuum but it appeareth well by that whiche Columella and Palladius haue written howe shamefully they erre and by the same aucthoritie of Columella and Palladius we haue sufficiently proued in the former Chapter that the cut Leeke and the headed Leeke whiche is our common Leeke are al one and do come both of one seede and do differ but only in this that the one is suffered to growe and beare seede and the other is oftentimes cut †The Nature Cyues are hoate and drie in the thirde degree and of complexion or temperament lyke vnto Leekes †The Vertues Cyues are vsed in meates and Pottages euen as Leekes whiche they do resemble in operation and vertue Of wilde Bulbus / or wilde Onyon Chap. lxxvi †The Description THis herbe hath long leaues or blades lyke Garlyke but very seldome bringing foorth more thē two blades
fifth is the wilde Buglosse or Sheepes tongue Lycopsis Garden Buglosse Anthusae genus Alkanet †The Description THe first kinde called of vs great Buglosse of the garden hath lōg rough swartegreene hearie sharpe leaues almost like to the leaues of Lettice but longer sharper at the ende The stem is rough and pricking of two or three foote high wherevpon groweth many proper littell floures eche one parted into fiue small leaues like to littell wheeles of a fayre purple colour at the first but afterwardes azure Whan they are fallen ye may see in the rough huskes three or foure long gray seedes full of riftes and wrinckles The roote is long and single and blackish in the outside The lesser Buglosses in their rough and hearie leaues and stalkes and also in their rootes are like to the aforesaide sauing they be lesse for their stalkes be shorter their leaues smaller and narrower their littell floures are in proportion like to the others sauing they be smaller and one is of a cleere blew or skie colour and other is of a browne violet or a blew like to a Cyanus the third is yellow and in proportion long and hollow The seede also is like the other sauing it is smaller and blacker The rootes of the Buglosses and especially of the firste kinde of the lesser Buglosses are of a diepe redde colour and are vsed to die and colour things withall The wilde kinde of Buglosse is like to the small Buglosses specially like to the second kinde sauing the leaues be rougher smaller and narrower The floures also be like the aforesaide sauing they be a great deale smaller blew The seede is small and browne The roote long and slender †The Place The great garden Buglosse groweth in some places of his owne accord as in the countrie of Lorraine aboute Nancie in fertile and chāpion places amongst the corne It groweth not wilde in this countrey but onely in gardens The smaller Buglosses grow in Italie Spayne and Fraunce and in diuers other countreys or regions and that which beareth blewe violet floures groweth also in some places of Germanie but they be not very cōmon in Flaunders neither are they to be seene or founde but in certaine mens gardens The wilde groweth in moste places of this countrie in barren soyle and grauelly grounde †The Tyme They floure in Iune Iuly and August and forthwith they deliuer their seede †The Names The three herbes are called in shoppes all by one name that is to say Buglossa or Lingua bouis in French Buglosse or Langue de buef in high Douch Ochsenzung in base Almaigne Buglosse and Ossentonghe in English Buglosse and Oxetongue Albeit it is not the true Buglosse for that is our common Borage wherof we shall write in his proper place Wherevnto agreeth Leonicenus Manardus and diuers other learned men of our time Lycopsis Syluestris Wilde Buglosse The first kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lycopsis in the shoppes of this countrey Buglossa Buglossa domestica maior that is to say the great garden Buglosse of some it is called Buglossus Longifolia Peraduenture it is that kinde of Anchusae which Paulus Aeginetus calleth in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Choerospelethon The smal Buglosses are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Anchusae The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Anchusa onoclea in French Orchanetie in English Alkanet or Orchanet The other is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Anchusa Alcibiadium Onocheles This should be the second kinde of Anchusa or Orchanette in English Alkanet The fifth kinde is wilde and may be called Lycopus Syluestris the Apothecaries call it Buglossa Syluestris The French men cal it Buglosse or Langue de buef Sauu age The base Almaignes Wilde Ossentonghe some call it Scaepstonghe that is to say Sheepes tongue and it may be Pseudanchusa Plinij †The Nature The great garden Buglosse but specially his roote is of temperature somwhat colde and drie but in degree not farre of from the meane temperature The others are of the like complexion but somewhat hoater †The Vertues The roote of great Buglosse pounde and mengled with oyle and waxe is good to belayde too against scalding or burning with fyre against woundes and old sores With tine wheate meale it cureth the disease called the wilde fyre and of some saint Authonies fyre And layde too with vinegre it healeth fretting sores foule scuruines and hoate itchings The small Buglosses haue greate vertue against all the venim of sauage and wilde beastes and specially against the poyson of Serpents and Vipers howsoeuer it be taken whether in meate or drinke or whether it be caried about you The roote of the wilde Buglosse dronken with Hisope and Cresses doth kill and driue out all flat wormes engendred in the bodie of man The Physitions of our tyme do affirme that these herbes but especially the greatest do comforte and swage the heauinesse of the harte driuing away all pensiuenesse especially the garden Buglosse and that the floures stieped in wine or made into a Conserue causeth such to reioyce and be gladde as were before heauie and sadde full of anger and melancholique heauinesse Of Echium or Tipers Buglosse Chap. iiij †The Description EChium hath long rough and hearie leaues much like to the leaues of Buglosse but smaller than the leaues of the first Buglosse The stalke is rough full of littell braunches charged on euery side with diuerse small narrow leaues sharp pointed and of a browne greene colour scattered or spredde like littell feathers and very small towardes the height or toppe of the stalke betwixt whiche leaues are the floures of a sadde blew or purple colour at the first but whan they do open they shew a fayre Azure colour long and hollow with foure or fiue littell small blewe threedes nothing answering the floures of the other Buglosses but onely in the colour After that the floure is fallen the seede is blacke and small like to the head of an Adder or Viper The roote is long and straight and redde without Of this sorte there is an other kinde whose leaues stalkes rootes and floures are very like vnto the foresaide but his floures are of a light redde or purple colour †The Place It delighteth in fruitefull places and fertile soyle as aboute Brussels and Louayne and diuers other places of Brabant But that which beareth purple or light tedde floures groweth in Fraunce especially about Montepelier †The Tyme It floureth almoste all the Somer long oftentimes or at sundry seasons it bringeth forth seede as the other Buglosses †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Echium Alcibiacum Apuleius calleth it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greeke Viperina and Serpentaria in Latine in Spanishe Yerua della biuora in French l'Herbe aux Vipers and l'Herbe aux Serpens in
against the Suffocation of the Matrix that is the stopping and hardnesse of the Mother to be boyled in wine and applied to the nauell the harte or the side The broth also or decoction of Feuerfew is very good for wemen to bathe and sitte in against the hardnesse of the Mother and the Matrix that is ouercharged or swollen The greene leaues with the floures of Feuerfew stamped is good to be layde to the disscase called the wilde fyre or Saint Anthonies fyre and other cholerike inflammations Of Fole foote / or Horse houe Chap xij †The Description EOle foote hath greate broade leaues growing out into many corners or indēted angles with many vaynes like to a Horse foote fire or seuen leaues springing out of one roote of a white hoare or grayish colour next to the ground and greene aboue The stem or stalke is white and as it were cottoned with fine heare of a span long at the end wherof are fayre yellow floures and full which do suddenly fade and chaūge into downe or cotton which is carried away with the winde like to the head of Dandelion The roote is white and long creping here and there †The Place Fole foote groweth well in watery places and moyst fieldes †The Tyme It putteth forth his wolly stalke without leaues at the beginning of March April At the toppe of the stalke is the yellow floure After the floures the leaues spring out from the roote then vanisheth away the stalke and the floures so that one shall seldome finde the leaues and floures altogether at one time Bechion Tussilago †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tussilago in shoppes Tarfara and Vngula Caballina in Italian Vnghia di cauallo in Spanishe Vn̄a de asno in English Fole foote Horse houe Coltes foote and Bull foote in French Pas de Cheual of some Pas d'asne in high Douch Roszhub or Brandtlattich in base Almaine Hoefbladeren Peerdts clauw Brant lattowe and Saint Carijus cruyt †The Nature The greene and fresh leaues are moyst but whan they are dry they become sharpe or sower and therefore are of a drying nature †The Vertues The greene leaues of Fole foote pounde with Hony do cure and heale the hoate inflammation called Saint Anthonies fyre and all other kindes of inflammation The parfume of the dryed leaues layde vpon quicke coles taken into the mouth through the pipe of a funnell or tunnell helpeth suche as are troubled with the shortnesse of winde and fetche their breath thicke or often do breake without daunger the impostems of the breast The roote is of the same vertue if it be layde vpon the coles and the fume thereof receiued into the mouth Of Butter Burre Chap. xiij †The Description BVtter Burre hath great round leaues at the firste lyke the leaues of Folefoote the which do afterwardes waxe so great that with one leafe one may couer a smal rounde table as with a carpet Of a greene colour vpon the outside and of a gray whitishe colour nexte the grounde It putteth forth a hollow stalke of a span long set full of small incarnate floures at the toppe as it were clustering thicke togither the which togither with the stalke do perish and vanish away The roote is thicke white within hollow of a strong smell and bitter taste †The Place It groweth well in freshe and moyste places bysides small riuers and brookes †The Tyme The floures do appeare at the beginning of Marche and do vanish away in Aprill then the leaues come forth and remayne all the Somer †The Names It is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Petasites vnknowen in shoppes yet some call it Bardana maior in Englishe Butter Burre in French Herbe aux tigneux in high Douch Pestilentz wurtz in base Almaigne Dockebladeren and Pestilentie wortel Petasites †The Nature Butter Burre is dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues Butter Burre dried and made into powder and than dronken in wine is a soueraigne medicine against the Plague and Pestilent feuers bycause it prouoketh iweate and for that cause it driueth from the harte all venim and euill heate It killeth wormes and is of great force against the Suffocation and strangling of the Mother to be taken in the same sorte It cureth all naughty Ulcers or olde filthie fretting sores or consuming Pockes and inflammations if the pouder bestrewed thereon The same cureth the Farcyn in Horses howsoeuer it be ministred whether it be giuen inwardly to receyue or applied outwardly Of Britannica or Bistorte Chap. xiiij †The Kyndes THere is two sortes of Bistorte as Leonard Fuchs and Hierome Bock men of great knowledge and learning haue lately writen the one called the Great Bistorte the other the Small Bistorte Bistorta maior Great Bistorte Bistorta minor Small Bistorte †The Description THe great Bistorte hath long leaues like Patience but smaller and not so smothe or playne but wrinkled or drawen into rimples of a swart greene colour vpon one side and of a blewishe greene on the side next the ground The stalke is long smothe and tender hauing a spiked knap at the ende set full of small incarnate floures clustering togither The seede is angled and broune The roote is great and long wounden and turned backe or crokedly turning togither like a Snayle blacke and hearie without and somewhat redde within in taste like an Oke kernell The small Bistorte is like the other in leaues knap floures seede stalke but smaller his leaues also are smother and playner The roote is shorter and more roundly turned togither without any small threeds or hearines browne without and of a darke redde colour within in taste like the first †The Place They grow well in moyst watery places as in medowes and darke shadowy wooddes †The Tyme They floure in May and Iune †The Names The learned do call the herbes Bistortae and Serpentariae in French Bistorte◠in high Douch Naterwurtz in Brabant Hertstonghen This should seeme to be Dracunculus Latinorū wherof Plinie wrote in the. 6. chap. of the. 24. Booke The first is called of some in Latine Colubrina of Leonard Fouchs Naterwurtz weiblin that is to say Female Adderwurte or Snakeweede in French Grande Bistorte and Serpentair femelle in base Almaigne Hertstonghe The second is the small Bistorte is called in some places of England Dysterloyte of the same Leonard Fouchs Naterwurtz menlin that is to say male Adderwurte or Snakeweede †The Nature Bistorte doth coole and dry in the third degree †The Vertues The roote of Bistorte boyled in water or wine and dronken stoppeth the laske and is good against the bloudy flixe It stoppeth the ouermuch flowing of womens termes or floures and all other issue of bloud Also if it be taken as is aforesayd or if it be made into pouder and dronken with redde wine it taketh away the desire to vomite or parbrake The
his hearie stalkes redde floures and sharpe billes sauing that his leaues are much more and deeper cut and his floures be somewhat greater The sixth is like the fourth in small weake tender heary stalkes in leaues deepely cut in floures and braunches sauing that the stalkes of the fifth kinde do grow longer and higher the leaues be greater and the floures larger lyke vnto littell Roses The roote is long and most cōmonly all redde and sanguine within The seuenth hath also long reddish hearie stalkes and great leaues lyke Crowfoote but larger his floures are blew after whiche there commeth forth small beekes or billes as in the other kyndes The roote is thicke long with many small strings †The Place These herbes do grow of themselues in barren sandy groundes by high way sides and borders of fieldes Herbe Roberte likewise groweth about olde walles and olde tyled or stone healed houses The twoo last kindes are not found in this countrey sauing in gardens where as they be planted Geranium haematites Sanguin Geranium or Blood Roote Geranium batrachiodes Gratia Dei or Bassinet Geranium or Crowfoote Geraniū †The Tyme They floure most commonly in May and Iune and sometimes also in Aprill especially the first kinde †The Names Al these herbes are called by one Greeke name 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is to say in Latin Geranium Gruina or Gruinalis in Italian Rostro di Grua in Spanish Pico de Ciguen̄a Aguyas pampillos The first kinde is called Geraniū tuberosum Acus pastoris Acus Moschata and Geranium supinum in English Storkes byll Pinkeneedell and of some Moschata in high Almaigne Stortkensnabel in French Bet de grue in base Almaigne Oyeuaertsbeck or Cranenbeck The second is called Geranium alterum Geranium Columbinum and Pes Columbae in English Doue foote in Frēch Pied de Pigeon in high Douch Daubenfusz in base Almaigne Duyuenuoet The third is called in shoppes Rostrum Ciconiae and Geranium supinum in English Hearons bill or Storkes bill in high douch Storkenschnabel in base Almaigne Oyeuaersbeck or Cranenbeck The fourth kinde of these herbs is a kinde of Sideritis of the Auncients is called of Dioscorides Sideritis tertia and Sideritis Heraclea now they call it Ruberta Herba Roberti Robertiana Geranium Robertianū in English Herbe Robert in Frēch Herbe Robert in high Douch Rubrechtzkraut Schartenkraut and of some klein Scholwurtz in base Almaigne Robrechts cruyt The fifth is called Gruinalis Geranium gruinale in English Cranes bill in high Douch Kranichhals in base Almaigne Craenhals The sixth is called in high Douch Blutwurtz in base Almaigne Bloet wortele that is to say the Sanguine roote or Bloud roote and Geranium Haematodes for the same cause The seuenth is called Gratia Dei in English also Gratia Dei Bassinet Geranium and Croefoote Geranium in high Douche Gottes gnad that is to say the Grace of God in base Almaigne Godts ghenade and blauw Booterbloemen and Geranium batrachiodes †The Nature The most part of these herbes are of a drying tēperature some also are clensing haue power to ioyne togither or soulder but it is not much vsed to that purpose †The Vertues The roote of the first taken in wine driueth away and healeth al blastings and windinesse of the Matrix or Mother it prouoketh vryne and is very good for them that haue the stone The second as the Auncients say is not good in Medicyne Notwithstāding at this time it is much vsed against al woundes vlcers being layd thervnto Herbe Roberte doth stanche the bloud of greene woundes to be brused and layde thereto as Dioscorides saith The same herbe as hath bene proued sithence Dioscorides time is singuler against the sores vlcers of the Pappes the priuie mēbers especially of men if it be pounde layde therevnto or if the iuyce therof be dropped or poured in The decoction of Herbe Roberte cureth the corrupt vicers and rotten sores of the mouth and amendeth the stinking of the same The rest are not vsed in medicine Of Sea Trifoly and Mylkewurte Chap. xxxiij ⧠The Kindes THere be two kyndes of Mylkewurte differing both in name and figure whereof one is called Glaux and the other Polygala Glaux Milkewurte or sea Tryfoly Polygala Milkewurte †The Description THe first Milkewurte hath many smal stemmes cōming forth of one roote the sayde stalkes be weake and tender of halfe a foote high vpon which groweth small long leaues like the smallest leaues of Lentilles and are whiter vnderneth the leafe than aboue The floures amongst the leaues are like to Gillofloures but smaller of colour purple and incarnate The roote is smal full of hearie threedes and creeping alongst the grounde The second kinde of Milkewurte called in Latine Poligala is a small herbe with slender pliant stemmes of wooddy substance as long as a mans hande creeping by the ground the leaues be small and narrow like the leaues of Lentill or small Hysope The floures grow somwhat thicke about the stemmes not much differing from the floures of Fumitory in figure and quātitie sometimes tawney sometimes blewe and sometimes white as snow without smell or sauour after whiche floures there commeth small coddes or pursses like to them of Bursa Pastoris but smaller and couered by euery side with small leaues like littell winges The roote is slender and of wooddy substance †The Place The first Milkewurte groweth in lowe salte marshes and watery places nigh the Sea thoroughout all Zealand The second groweth in dry Heathes and commons by the high way sides †The Tyme Glaux floureth in Iune and Iuly Polygala floureth in May about the Rogation or Gang weeke the which the Almaignes call Cruysedaghen therefore they call them Cruysbloemkens as Tragus that countreyman wryteth †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Glaux and Glax that is to say in English Milkewurte in Frēch Herbe au laict in Douch Milchkraut and Melckcruyt Turner calleth it Sea Tryfoly The second is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Poligala that is to say the herbe hauing plenty of milke by which name it is not knowē for the Almaynes call it Cruysbloeme †The Nature Both these herbes are hoate and moyst as Galen sayth †The Vertues The firste taken with meate drinke or potage ingendreth plenty of milke therefore it is good to be vsed of Nurses that lacke milke The same vertue hath Polygala taken with his leaues and floures Of Pellitory of the Wall Chap. xxxiiij †The Description PEllitory or Paritory hath rounde tender thorough shining browne redde stalkes the leaues be rough somwhat broade like Helxine Parietaria Mercury but nothing snipte or dented about The floures be small ioyning to the stemme amongst the leaues The seede is blacke and very small couered with a littell rough huske or coate whiche hangeth faste vpon garments The roote is somewhat redde †The Place It delighteth to
Prunella Prunell †The Description BVgle spreadeth creepeth alongst the ground like to Monyworte or Herbe twopence it hath somewhat long leaues and broade afore or at the top softe wrinckled and blackish his stalkes be smal tender creeping alongst the ground taking holdfast in certaine places here and there and from them againe spring other square straight stemmes of a span long bringing forth bright floures amongst certayne littell leaues compassing the stemme about of colour moste commonly blew and in some plantes white as snow The rootes are threedy and tender Prunell hath square hearie stalkes of a spanne long or more The leaues be somewhat long hearie and sharpe poynted The floures grow at the top of the stalkes thicke set togither like to an eare or spikie knap of a browne colour and mixt with blewe and sometimes also very white The roote is small and very threedy †The Place They grow both in certayne Medowes pastures wooddes Also Bugle is much planted in gardens ⧠The Tyme Bugle floureth in Aprill And Prunell oftentimes all the somer vntill Iuly †The Names The first kinde of these herbes is now called Consolida Solidago for a difference from other herbes whiche be also called by the same name it is called Consolida media in English Middell Consounde or Middle Comfery and Bugle in French Consoulde moyenne and Bugle in high Douch Gunzel and gulde Gunzel in the Shoppes of this countrey they call it Bugula and in base Almaigne Senegroen The second kinde is also called Consolida media but most commonly Prunella or Brunella in English Prunell Carpenters herbe Selfe heale Hooke heale in French Prunelle and some do also call it Herbe au Charpentier some call it Oingtereule in high Douch Brunellen and Gottheyl in Brabant Bruynelle †The Nature These two herbes be dry moreouer Bugle is hoate and Prunell temperate betwixt heate and colde or very littell colde †The Vertues The decoction of Bugle dronken dissolueth clotted congeled bloud within the body it doth heale and make sounde all woundes of the body bothe inwarde and outwarde The same openeth the stoppings of the Liuer and Gaule and is good to be dronken against the Iaundise and Feuers that be of long continuance The same decoction of Bugle cureth the rotten vlcers sores of the mouth and gummes whan they be wasshed therewithall Bugle greene fresh gathered is good to be layde vpon woundes galles or scratches for it cureth them maketh them whole sounde And so doth the pouder of the same herbe dryed to be cast and strowen vpon the wounde The iuyce of Bugles cureth the sores vlcers of the secrete or priuie partes being often dropped in and so doth the herbe brused and layde vpon The decoction of Prunell made with wine or water doth ioyne together and make whole and sounde all woundes both inwarde and outward as Bugle doth It is good to wassh the mouth often with the decoction of Prunell against the vlcers of the mouth and it is also a soueraigne remedie against that disease whiche the Brabanders do name den Bruynen that is whan the tongue is inflamed and waxeth blacke and is much swollen so that the generall remedies haue gone before Prunell brused with oyle of Roses and vineger and layde to the foreparte of the head swageth and cureth the aking of the same Of Auens / or Sanamunda Chap. xci ⧠The Description THe leaues of Sanamunda Auens or Herbe Bennet are rough blackishe and much clouen or deepely cut somewhat like to the leaues of Agrimonie The stalke is round and hearie of the length of a foote and half diuiding it self at the top into other branches which bringeth forth yellow floures like to the floures of Crowfoote Goldcup or Goldknap afterward littell round rough heads or knoppes set full of seede the which being ripe will cleaue or hang fast vnto garments The roote is short and reddish within with yellow threedy strings and smelleth somewhat like Cloues especially if it be gathered in Marche †The Place This herbe groweth wilde in woods and by hedges and quicksettes it is also planted in gardēs but that which groweth wilde is the greater and his floures be yellower than the other ⧠The Tyme It floureth in May and Iune †The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Garyophyllata by cause his roote smelleth like Cloues and of some Sanamunda Benedicta and Nardus rustica in English Auens herbe Bennet and of some Sanamunda in French Benoitte in high Douch Benedictenwurtz in Brabant Gariophyllate †The Nature Herbe Bennet or Auens is hoate dry in the second degree †The Vertues The decoction of Auens made with water or with wine and water togither and dronken resolueth congeled and clotted bloud cureth all inwarde woundes and hurts And the same decoction cureth outwarde woundes if they be wasshed therewithall Garyophyllata The decoction made of the roote of herbe Bennet in wine dronken comforteth the stomacke causeth good digestion it openeth the stoppings of the lyuer and clenseth the breast and purgeth it from grosse and Phlegmatique humors The roote dryed and taken with wine is good against poyson against the payne of the guttes or bowelles whiche we call the Colique Of Pyrola Chap. xcij. †The Description PYrola hath nine or tenne greene tender leaues not muche vnlike the leaues of Bete sauing they be a great deale smaller amongst the whiche commeth vp a stalke set with pleasant little white floures muche like to the sweete smelling floures of lillie Conuall or May lillies The roote is small tender creeping here and there †The Place Pyrola groweth in shadowy places and moyst wooddes †The Tyme Pyrola is to be found in winter and somer but it floureth in Iune and Iuly Pyrola †The Names Pyrola is called in Shops Pyrola in high Douch Wintergrun Holtzmangolt Waldmangoldt in base Almaigne Wintergruen in English also Pyrola and Wintergreene in French Bete de prez and Pyrole †The Nature Pyrola is dry in the third degree and colde in the second †The Vertues The leaues of Pyrola alone by themselues or with other healing herbes is good to heale woundes and boyled in wine and dronken they heale both inward and outward woundes fistulas and maliguant vlcers Greene Pyrole is also good to be layde vpon woundes vlcers burnings and so is the pouder thereof to be strowed vpon and it is good to be mixt with oyntments and playsters seruing for the purposes aforesayde Of Serpents tonge / or Adders tonge Chap. xciij †The Description ADders tonge is an herbe of a maruelous strāge nature it bringeth forth but one leaf of the lēgth of ones finger in which groweth a littell stemme bearing a littell long narrow tonge like to a Serpent or as my Author saith like to the tonge of a Serpent †The Place Adders tonge is founde in this countrey in certayne moyst and
be taken from them The seede of wilde Larkes spurre is of vertue like to the garden Larke spurre but not so strong Of Columbyne Chap. xvi †The Description COlumbyne hath great broade leaues with ij or iij. deepe cuts or gasshes in the leaues like to the leaues of the great Celondyne but whiter in some kindes of a darke sage colour but of no strong sent or sauour neither yelding forth any such yellow iuyce sappe or liquor whan it is brokē or brused as the Celondyne doth The stalkes be round playne or smoth of ij or iij. foote long vpon which growe the floures cōpact of two kindes of little leaues wherof one sorte are small narrow the others growing with them ar hollow with a long croked tayle like larkes Claw bending somwhat towards the proportiō of the necke of a Culuer The floures are somtimes single somtimes dubble of colour somtimes blew somtimes white sometimes skie colour somtimes red somtimes speckled intermēgled with blew white After the vanisshing of the sayde floures there commeth foorth iiij or fiue sharpe huskes or cods growing ioyntly togither wherein is cōteyned a blacke shining seede Aquilegia †The Place They sowe and plante them here in gardens and they do also grow in high woodes and rockes but not in this countrie †The Tyme They floure most commonly in May and Iune †The Names This floure is now called in Latine Aquilegia or Aquileia and of the later writers Columbina vnknowen of the Auncients howbeit some-late wryters make a question whether it he Ponthos Theophrasti siue Desiderium after the interpretation of Gaza it is called in English Columbine of the shape proportion of the leaues of the floures whiche do seeme to expresse the figure of a Doue or Culuer in French Ancoly in high Douch Agley and Ageley in base Almaigne Akeley †The Nature Columbine is temperate in heate and moysture †The Vertues This floure as Ruellius writeth is not vsed in Medicine howbeit some of the new wryters do affirme it to be good against the Iaundice and sounding and it openeth the wayes of the Liuer and the people vse it against the inflammation and sores of the iawes and windepipe These floures mengled with wheaten meale make a good playster against scratches and gaules Of Goates bearde / or Iosephs floure Chap. xvii Barba hirci Scurzonera †The Description GOates Bearde hath a round straight knottie stem couered with long narrow leaues almost like to Garlycke leaues At the toppe of the stemmes it beareth fayre double floures and full of colour sometimes blewishe purple with golden threedes in the middell and sometimes yellow the whiche in the morning at Sunne rising do open and spreade abroade and do turne bende towards the Sunne and do close agayne and go togither at noone After the vanisshing of whiche floures out of the knoppes or heades from whence the floures are fallen there groweth a certayne long seede with a hearie tufte at the toppe And whan this seede is ripe his knoppie head openeth and is changed or turned into a rounde hearie baule lyke to the heads of Dantedelyon which fleeth away with the winde The roote is long and as thicke as a finger in taste sweete The whole herbe with his stemmes leaues floures and roote is full of white sappe or iuyce like milke the whiche commeth forth whan the plante is broken or brused The Spaniardes Scurzonera seemeth also to be a kinde of Tragoponon or Buckes bearde it hath long broade leaues and somewhat thicke and vneuen aboute the borders or edges a slender stemme parted into diuers branches whereon groweth floures very like to the floures of Tragopogon and of a yellow colour the roote is long and thicke and white within and couered with a thinne blacke barke or rinde †The Place Goates Bearde groweth in certayne medowes it is also planted in gardens for the beawtie of his floures Scurzonera groweth in Spayne vpon diuers shadowie mountaynes and in moyst watery places it is also often founde in Thoringia a countrie of Germanie †The Tyme The floures of bothe these kindes of Plantes come foorth in May and Iune †The Names This hearbe is now called in Latine Barba hirci and is taken for the herbe whiche the Auncients called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Barbula hirci and Coma in English Goates bearde Iosephs floure Starre of Hierusalem and Go to bedde at Noone in French Barbe de bouq and Barbe de Prestre in high Douch Bocksbart Gauchbroot in base Almaigne Bocxbaert and Iosephs Bloemen The Spaniardes call the other Scurzoneram whiche is 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Echium in Greeke and in Latine Viperinam †The Nature Goates bearde is temperate in heate and moysture †The Vertues The roote of Goates bearde boyled in water dronken swageth paynes and cureth the prickings and empostems of the side The sayde roote also is very good to be vsed in meates and Salades to be taken as the rootes of Rampions Scurzonera is thought to be maruelous good against the bytings of Vipers and Snakes and other venemous beastes Of floure Gentill / or purple Veluer floure Cap. xviij ⧠The Description FLoure Gentill hath rounde stalkes full of branches the leaues be long and large somewhat like the leaues of Pettie Morrell or Night shade but much greater amongst that which groweth alongst the branches fayre long spiked eares or floures of Crimsen purple colour softe and gentill in handling lyke Crymson veluet the whiche dothe not lightly fade or decay but may be preserued and kept a long time in theyr colour and beautie especially if they be dryed in an ouen that is halfe hoate The seede groweth in the spikie tuftes or eares and is small and all blacke There is an other kinde altogither like to the aforesayd in stalkes leaues seede and roote sauing that his eares or spikie tuftes are not fasshioned like the others but are larger and not so thicke set and do bende bowe downe againe at the toppe lyke feathers so that it maketh a gallant shew and doth also keepe his Crymson colour like to the other There is yet a third kynde like to the others but it groweth to the heigth of nine or ten foote All his leaues are much larger his stalkes are thicker and harder and straked or crested with ribbes standing foorth his spikie tuftes or earie floures are greater longer and fuller but not of so fayre a colour or pleasant hew for it fadeth incontinent and turneth into a greenish herbelike colour as soone as it is gathered Amaranthus purpureus †The Place These kindes of herbes grow not in this countrey except they be sowen or planted in gardens The wemen of Italie make great accoumpt of the second kinde bycause of his pleasant beautie so that ye shall not lightly come into any garden there that hath not this herbe in it †The Tyme They bring forth their floures
and Franckencense And they make thereof an Electuarie with Pepper Ginger and the leaues of Rue pounde togyther with hony the which is called Antidotum ex succo Cyreniaco the whiche is a singuler medicine against Feuer Quartaynes It is good against the bytinges of al venimous beastes and venimous shot of dartes and arrowes to be taken inwardly and applied outwardly vpon the woundes It is also very profitable layde to all woundes and bytinges of Dogges and other madde beastes and vpon the stinging Scorpions It quickeneth the sight and taketh away the hawe or webbe in the eyes at the first comming of the same if it be straked vpon them with hony Dioscorides saith that if it be put into the hollownesse of corrupt noughty teeth it taketh away the ache and payne of them but Plinie bringeth agaynst the same the experience of a certayne man who hauing tried the same for the extreame rigour anguishe he felt after that medicine threw him selfe downe headlong from aloft Neuerthelesse if it be wrapped with Frankencense in a fine linnen cloute and holden vpon the teeth it cureth the ache of the same or els the Decoction thereof with figges and hysope boyled togyther in water and holden or kept in the mouth Being layde to with hony it stayeth the vuula and cureth the Squinance if it be gargled with Hydromell or Mede and if it be gargled with vineger and kept in the mouth it will cause the Horseleaches or Loughleaches to fall of which happen to cleaue fast in the throote or wesande of any man It breaketh Pestilentiall Impostemes and Carboncles being layd thereto with Rue Niter hony after the same manner it taketh away Cornes when that they haue ben scarrified rounde about with a fine knife Being layd to with Copperous Verdigris it taketh away al superfluous outgrowinges of flesh and the Polypus growing in the Nosthrilles and all scuruie manginesse and layde to with vineger Pepper and wine it cureth the noughtie scurffe of the head and the falling of of heare If it be boyled in vineger with the pil of the Pomegarnet it taketh away al outgrowinges which chaunce in the fundement Against kybed heeles they first bathe the heeles or feete with wine than they annoynt the kybes with this gumme boyled in oyle The stinking gumme called Assa foetida is good for al purposes aforesayde howbeit it is not so good as the Laser of Cyrene yet it is very good to smell vnto or to be layd vpon the Nauell against the choking or rising vp of the mother They vse Benzoin in steede of Laser Cyrenaicum for all the purposes aforesayde that be attributed vnto sweete Laser †The Choyse The best Laser is that which is reddish cleare and bright and sauering like Myrrhe not greenish and of a good and pleasant smel the which being dissolued waxeth white Of Sagapenum Chap. cxiij SAgapenum the is sap or gumme of a kinde of Ferula or Kix like vnto Panax growing in Media altogyther vnprofitable sauing for that gumme or liquor that is drawen out of it And the best is that which as Mesue sayth doth melt by and by in the water and sauereth like garlike or betwixt Laser and Galbanum as Dioscorides saith whiche is sharpe and cleare of a yellowishe colour without and white within †The Names This gumme is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Sagapenum and Sagapeniū of Plinie Sacopenium of Galen 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Sagapeni Succus They call it in shoppes Serapinum †The Nature Sagapenum is hoate in the thirde degree and drye in the seconde †The Vertues Sagapenum taken the waight of a dram purgeth by siege tough slymie humours and al grosse flegme and choler Also it is good against al olde cold diseases that are harde to cure it purgeth the brayne and is very good against all the diseases of the head and against the Apoplexie and Epilepsie To be taken in the same sorte it is good against Crampes Paulsies shrinkinges and paynes of the sinewes It is good against the shortnesse of breath the colde long and olde cough the paynes in the side and breast for it doth mundifie and clense the breast of al cold mentes or flegme It doth also cure the hardnesse stoppinges and windinesse of the melte or splene not onely taken inwardly but also to be applyed outwardly in oyntplaysters It is good against the shakinges and brusinges of olde and colde Feuers If Sagapenum be dronken with honyed water it prouoketh the flowers and deliuereth the dead Childe And to be taken with wine it is of great force against the bytinges and stinginges of all venimous beastes The sente or fauour of this gumme is very good against the strangling or vprising of the mother Sagapenum soked or stieped in vineger scattereth dissolueth and putteth cleane away all harde olde colde swellinges tumoures Botches and harde lumpes growing about the ioyntes And it is good to be be mingled amongst all oyntmentes and emplaysters that are made to mollifie and soften It cleareth the sight at the beginning it taketh away the hawe or webbe in the eye al spottes or blottes in the same if it be dropped into the eyes with the iuyce of Rue it is also good agaynst the bloodshoting and dinnesse of the same which commeth by the occasion of grosse humors Of Galbanum Chap. cxiiii GAlbanum is also a gumme or liquor drawen foorth of a kinde of Ferula in Syria called Metopium And the best is gristel or betwixt hard and soft very pure fat close and firme without any stickes or splinters of wood amongst the same sauing a fewe seedes of Ferula of a strong sauour not moyst nor to drye †The Place The plant out of which Galbanum floweth groweth vpon the mountayne Amanus in Syria †The Names Plinie calleth y◠plant out of which Galbanū floweth in Latine Stagonitis The liquor or gumme is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine and in shoppes Galbanum of some also Metopium †The Nature Galbanum is hoate almost in the third degree drie almost in the seconde ⧠The Vertues Galbanum is good against an olde cough and for such as are short winded and cannot easily drawe their breath but are alwayes panting and breathing It is very good for such as are broken and brused within against Crampes and shrinking of sinewes The same dronken in wine with Myrrhe is good against al venome dronken or shot into the body with venimous Dartes Shaftes or Arrowes To be taken in the same manner it prouoketh the termes and deliuereth the dead childe It hath the same vertue if it be conueyed into the secrete place or if a perfume therof be receiued at the place cōuenient and if the quantitie of a beane thereof be taken in a glasse of wine it helpeth against the payneful trauell of women as Plinie sayth The parfume or sent thereof driueth away Serpentes frō the
Arum maculatum in Englishe small Dragonwurte and speckled Aron The thirde is nowe called Dracunculus palustris fiue aquatilis in Englishe water Dragon or Marshe Dragon in Frenche Serpentaire d'eau or aquatique in high Douche Wasser Schlangenkraut wasser Drachenwurtz in base Almaigne water Draken wortele The fourth set downe of Mathiolus for the great Dragonworte in my iudgement is none of the Dragonwurtes but that is the right great Dragonwurt the which we haue described and set in the first place it is thought there is no such herbe to be founde as Mathiolus figure doth represent †The Nature These herbes but especially their rootes and fruit are hoate and drye in the thirde degree †The Vertues The rootes of these herbes eyther boyled or rosted mingled with hony and afterward licked is good for them that can not fetche their breath and for those that are vexed with dangerous Coughes and Catarrhes that is to say the Distillation and falling downe of humours from the brayne to the breast and agaynst conuultions or Crampes for they diuide ripe and consume all grosse and tough humours and they of scoure and clense al inwarde partes They haue the like power whan they are three or foure times boyled vntyl they haue lost their acrumonye or sharpnesse to be afterwarde eaten in meates as Galen saith The same dried and mingled with hony scoureth malignant and fretting vlcers that are harde to cure especially if it be mingled with the roote of Brionye and it taketh away all white spottes and scuruinesse from any parte of the body that is rubbed therewithall The iuyce of the roote of the same putteth away all webbes spottes from the eyes and it is good to be put into Collyres and Medicines that are made for the eyes The same dropped into the eares with oyle taketh away the paine greefe of the same The fruit of Dragons cureth virulent and malignant vlcers consumeth and eateth away the superfluous flesh called Polypus that groweth in the Nose and it is good to be layde vnto Cankers and suche like fretting and consuming vlcers The freshe and greene leaues are good to be layde vnto freshe and greene woundes but they are not profitable whan they be dryed It is thought of some that if cheese be laid amongst Dragon leaues it will preserue the same from perishing and rotting Dioscorides writeth that it is thought of some that those whiche carrie about them the leaues or rootes of great Dragonwurtes cannot be hurt nor stong of Vipers and Serpentes Of Aron / Calfes foote or Cockowpynt Chap. vij †The Description COckowpynt hath great large smoth shining sharpe poynted leaues much larger than Iuy leaues spotted with blackish markes of blacks and blew amongst them riseth a stalke of a spanne long spotted here there with certaine purple speckles and it carieth a certayne long codde huske or hose open by one syde like the proportion of a haares eare in the middle of the sayd huske there groweth vp a certayne thing lyke to a pestel or clapper of a darke murry or wanne purple colour the whiche after the opening of the velme of huske doth appeare whan this is gone the bunche or cluster of beries also or grapes doth at length appeere which are greene at the first and afterwarde of a cleare or shining yellowish red colour lyke Corall and full of iuyce in eache of the sayde berries is a smal harde seede or twaine The roote is swelling rounde lyke to a great O life or smal bulbus Onion white and full of Pith or substaunce and it is not without certayne hearie stringes by it with much increase of small yong rootes or heades †The Place Aron groweth vnderhedgis and cold shadowie places Arum †The Tyme The leaues of Aron do spring foorth in Marche and Aprill and they perishe and vanishe in Iune and Iuly so as nothing remayneth sauing onely the stalke and naked fruit in Iuly in August and after the fruit waxeth rype †The Names This plant is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Arum in Shoppes Iaron and Barba Aron of some Pes vituli of the Assyrians Lupha of the Cyprians Colocasia as amongst the bastardes and counterfet names where as it is also called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Plinie affirmeth in the xvj Chapter of his xxiiij booke that there is much controuersie about Aron and Dragonwortes and some affirme it to be the same and so call it Serpentariam minorem in Englishe also it is commonly called Aron Priestes pyntill Cockowpintell also Rampe and Wake Robyn in Frenche Pied de veau and Vit de Prestre in Italian Gigaro in Spanishe Yaro in Germanie Pfaffen pint and Teutschen iugbeer in Brabant Papecullekens and Calfsvoet †The Nature Aron is of complexion hoate and drie and as Galen sayth it is hoater in one region than in an other for that which groweth in Italie is only hoate in the first degree or almost in the seconde degree but that which groweth in this Countrie is hoate in the thirde degree †The Vertnes The rootes leaues and fruit of Aron are in power and facultie much lyke vnto Serpentaria or that kinde of Dragonwortes that groweth in this Countrie the whiche is very hoate as we haue sayde Of Arisarom Chap. viij †The Kyndes THere is nowe founde two kindes of Arisarom whereof one hath broade leaues and the other narrowe Arisarum latifolium Broadleaued Arisaron Arisarum angustifolium Narrowleaued Arisaron ⧠The Description THE first and right Arisarom hath leaues fashioned like Aron sauing they be muche smaller sharpepoynted somwhat fashioned like Iuy-leaues his stalke is smal and slender his huskie couering is but litle and his pestill or clapper small of a blackishe purple colour his grape or berie whan it is ripe is red The kernelles are smal The roote is also white and fashioned like Aron sauing it is smaller The seconde Arisaron hath fiue or sixe or mo long narrowe smothe and shining leaues his huskie bagge or hose is long and narrowe the long tayle or slender pestill that groweth out of the sayde huske is somewhat bigger than a rushe and of a blackish purple so is part of the lining or inside of the huske to the which at the last there groweth a lowe euen by the ground and somtimes deeper a certayne small number of kernelles or berries growing togyther in a little bunche or cluster like grapes which are greene at the first as the others be and afterwarde red The roote is also rounde and white lyke the other †The Place Both of these plantes are strangers in Germanie and this Countrie But the first kinde groweth in Italy specially in certayne places of Tuscane the other groweth about Rome and in Dalmatia as Aloisius Anguillara witnesseth ⧠The Tyme Both of these plantes do beare their flowres and seede at suche tymes and seasons as Aron and Dragons do †The Names The first of
hony cleareth the sight and taketh away the cloudes and spottes of the same being dropped or distilled into the same and it is very good to be mingled with all Collyries and medicines that are made for the eyes The small Centorie greene pounde and layde to doth cure and heale freshe and newe woundes and closeth vp and sodereth olde malignant vlcers that are harde to cure The same dried reduced into powder is profitable to be mingled amongst oyntmentes playsters powders and suche lyke medicines as are ordayned to fyll vp with flesh fistulas and holowe vlcers and to mollifie and soupple all hardnesse Of Reubarbe / or Rhabarba Chap. x. †The Kyndes THere be diuers sortes of Rha or as it is nowe called Reubarbe not so muche differing in proportion but their diuersitie is altogyther in the places wher as they are found growing For one kind of it groweth in Pontus and is called Rha Ponticum The seconde groweth in Barbaria and is therefore called Rhabarbarum and it is the common Reubarbe The third commeth from beyonde the Indians out of the regions of China and it is that whiche the Arabians call Raued Seni. ⧠The Description RHA as it is thought hath great broade leaues lyke to the leaues of Tapsus Barbatus or white Mollin or lyke to the leaues of of Clot Burre snipt and dented rounde about the edges like to a saw greene and smothe aboue and white and fryzed vnderneath Amongst them springeth vp a round straight stalke of a cubite long and at the top thereof groweth a fayre scaly knop or head the which whan it bloweth and openeth sheweth foorth a fayre purple flower and afterwardes it beareth seede not muche vnlyke the seede of the great Centorie sauing it is somewhat longer The roote is long thicke and spungie or open and being chewed it yeeldeth a yellowish colour lyke Ocre or Saffron †The Place Rha groweth in the Regions about Bosphorus and Pontus by the riuer Rha and in Barbaria in the Countrie of China We haue found here in the gardens of certaine diligent Herboristes that strange plant whiche is thought of some to be Rha or Rhabarbarum Rha. Reubarbe †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune †The Names This herbe specially the roote is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in the Arabian speeche Rheu ▪ and Raued or Rauet of Plinie in Latine Rhacoma Rhecoma That whiche groweth about Bosphorus is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Rha Ponticum or Rheon Pōticum of Mesue Raued Turcicum that is to say Rha of Turkie The second which groweth in Barbarie is called Rha Barbarum of Mesue and the Apothecaries Rheu barbarum The third kinde called Chinarum is called also Rha or Rheum Seniticum and Rheum Indicum and of the Arabians Raued Seni. †The Nature Rha is hoate in the first degree and dry in the second and of an astringent or binding nature †The Vertues The roote of Rhaponticum as saith Dioscorides is good against the blastinges wamblinges and the debilitie or weakenesse of the stomacke and all the paynes of the same Moreouer it is singuler agaynst conuulsions and Crampes or agaynst the diseases of the liuer and splene agaynst the gnawing or griping tormentes of the belly the kidneyes and bladder Also agaynst the akyng paynes of breastes and Mother and for suche as are troubled with the Sciatica the spitting of blood sobbing yeoxing it is good also agaynst the blooddie flixe and the laske and against the fittes of feuers and the bitinges and stinginges of all sortes of venimous beastes For the same purpose it is giuen the quantitie of a Dragme with Hydromel or honied water in a feuer with syrupe Acetosus against the diseases of the splene or melt with honied wine it is good against the diseases of the breast it is taken drie without any moysture agaynst the weakenesse or loosenesse of the stomacke The roote of Rha Pontike stamped and mingled with vineger cureth the vile white scurffe or manginesse clenseth the body from pale or wan spottes or the Morphew being straked or annoynted with the same Reubarbe and Raued Seni as Mesue writeth taken in quantitie of a Dramme purgeth downewardes cholerique humours wherefore they are good against all hoate feuers inflammations and stoppinges of the liuer and the Iaunders especially to be giuen or ministred with whaye or any other refreshing or cooling drinke or potion Reubarbe of him selfe or of his owne proper nature is also good against al manner of issue of blood eyther aboue or below and is good for them that are hurt or burstē inwardly and against greeuous falles and beatinges against Crampes and the drawing togyther of any part or shrinking of sinewes Also it cureth the blooddy flixe al manner laskes being first a litle tosted or dried agaynst the fire and dronken with some astringent liquor as the iuyce of Plantayne or grosse and thicke redde wine ⧠The Choice THe best Rha as Mesue writeth is that which is brought frō beyond India groweth in the Countrie of Chinae called Raued Seni. The next to that is the Reubarbe of Barbarie that which is of the least vertue is the Rha Pōtike Of Sowbread Chap. xi †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Cyclamen as Dioscorides writeth The one is a lowe plant with a round roote and is called Cyclamen Orbiculatum The other groweth high and wrappeth it selfe about shrubbes and plantes and it hath no notable roote and it is called Cyclaminus altera †The Description CYclaminon which we may cal round Sowbread hath broade leaues spread vpon the grounde with peaked corners lyke to Iuy leaues and slightly dented round about the edges and of a swart or darke greene colour aboue yet powdered or garnished with white speckes or spots and the middle part of the sayde leafe is somewhat white but that syde of the leafe whiche is next the grounde is purple colour but sometimes deeper and sometimes lighter The flowers hang vppon tender stalkes nodding or beckning downewardes and their leaues turning vpwardes or backwardes in colour lyke to the purple violet but not so faire and of but a little or no sauour There folowe small knoppes with seede growing vpon small stalkes that are winded or turned two or three tymes about The roote is turned rounde lyke to a Turnep or Bulbus roote and somewhat flat or pressed downe with diuers hearie stringes by it and it is blacke without and white within in withering it gathereth wrinckles The second Cyclaminon or Sowbread his leaues be also broade and nothing peaked or angled but in a manner rounde and nothing speckled vppon or at least wayes very harde to be perceiued they be also of a sadde or blackish greene colour but vnderneath of a red purple colour The flowers are lyke to the first but of a better sauour The roote is somewhat smaller The third kinde also hath leaues without corners but they be somwhat
Thistell seede The roote is great and thicke with many other smal rootes buddes vneueÌ„ly adioyning and couered with a thicke rinde or barke of a browne earthly colour without but most commonly white within is not very stroÌ„g or ranke of sauor whan it is fresh and greene but whan it is drye it is very aromaticall and hath in it a certayne fat and Oylie moysture or substance Helenium The seconde Helenium whereof Dioscorides writeth is vnknowen to vs it hath tender branches creeping alongst the grounde beset with many leaues like the pulse lentilles The roote is whitish thicke as ones little finger large aboue and narrow downewardes †The Place Elecampane delighteth in good fertill soyle as in valleyes and medowes it is also founde in hilles and shadowie wooddes but not commonly in drye groundes It is very common in England Flaunders and Brabant and very well knowen in all places The second groweth in places adioyning to the Sea and vpon litle hilles †The Tyme Elecampane flowreth in Iune and Iuly the seede is ripe in August The best time to gather the roote is at the ende of September whan it hath lost his stalkes and leaues †The Names This herbe is called 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Inula and Enula in Shoppes Enula Campana of some Panaces chironion or Panaces centaurion in Englishe Elecampane Scabworte and Horseheele in Frenche Enula Campana in Germanie Alantwurtz in base Almaigne Alantwortel and Galantwortel in Italian Enoa and Enola in Spanishe Raiz delalla The seconde kinde is called Helenium Aegyptiacum but yet vnknowen to men of this tyme. †The Nature Elecampane being yet greene hath a superfluous moysture whiche ought first to be consumed before it be occupied But that moysture being dryed vp it is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the seconde †The Vertues The decoction of Elecampane dronken prouoketh vrine and womens flowers and is good for them that are greeued with inwarde burstinges or haue any member drawen togyther or shronke The roote taken with hony in an Electuarie clenseth the brest ripeth tough fleme and maketh it easie to be spet out and is good for the cough and shortnesse of breath The same made in powder and dronke is good agaynst the bytinges and stinginges of venimous beastes and agaynst windinesse and blastinges of inwarde partes A Confiture made of the sayde roote is very wholesome for the stomacke and helpeth digestion The leaues boyled in wine and layde to the place of the Sciatica swageth the payne of the same Of Spicknel Mewe / or Meon Chap. xv Matthiolus figure is almost lyke the first kinde of Libanotidis as Turner and he writeth is called in Douche Bearewortes or Hartes wortes †The Description MEon of Dioscorides is described amongst the rootes wherefore we haue none other knowledge of the fashion of the same but as our Auncientes haue left it vs in writing This haue I sayde to the intent that men may knowe that those herbes which the Apothecaries and others do vse at this day in Physike are not the true Meon whiche we shoulde not tell howe to knowe if that men coulde not finde the fashion and nature of the right Meon described Meon according to Dioscorides is lyke to Dyll in stalkes and leaues but it is thicker and of the heigth of two cubites or three foote The rootes are long small well smelling and chafing or heating the tongue and they are scattering here and there some right and some awry †The Place New groweth plenteously in in Macedonia and Spayne †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine MeuÌ„ in shoppes Mew which do but only keepe the name for the true Meon is yet vnknoweÌ„ but the Apothecaries do vse in the steede therof a kinde of wilde Parcelie the which is described in the fifth part of our history of plantes it hath no agreement or lykenesse with the description of Meon wherfore it can not be Meon †The Nature The roote of Meon is hoate in the thirde degree and dry in the seconde †The Vertues The rootes of Meum boyled in water or onely soked in water and dronke doth mightily open the stoppinges of the kidneyes bladder they prouoke vrine ease and helpe the strangurie and they consume all windinesse and blastinges of the stomacke The same takeÌ„ with hony do appease the paynes and gripinges of the belly are good for the affections of the mother podagres and aches of ioyntes and against al Catarrhes Phlegmes falling down vpon the breast If wemen sit ouer the decoction therof it bringeth downe their sicknesse The same layde vpon the lowest part of the belly of young children wyll cause them to pisse and make water Meum Meon †The Daunger If to muche of the roote of this herbe be dronken it causeth head ache Of Peonie Chap. xvi †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Peonie as Dioscorides and the Auncientes write that is to say the male and female †The Description MAle Poeonie hath thicke redde stalkes of a Cubite long the leaues be great and large made of diuers leaues growing or ioyned togither not muche vnlyke the Walnut tree leafe in fashion and greatnesse at the hyghest of the stalke there groweth fayre large red flowers very well lyke red roses hauing also in the middes yellow threddes or heares After the falling away of the leaues there groweth vp great coddes or huskes three or foure togyther the whiche do open whan they be ripe in the opening whereof there is to be seene a faire red coloured lining and a pollished blacke shining seede full of white substance The rootes be white long small and well smelling The female Peonie at his first springing vp hath also his stalkes redde and thicke the leaues be also large and great but diuided into more partes almost like the leaues of Angelica louage or Marche The flowers in like manner be great and red but yet lesser and paler then the flowers of the male kinde The coddes and seede are like the other In these rootes are diuers knobbes or knottes as great as Acornes Yet haue you another kinde of Peonie the which is like the second kinde but his flowers and leaues are much smaller and the stalkes shorter the whiche some call Mayden or Virgin Peonie although it beareth red flowers and seede lyke the other †The Place The kindes of Peonies are founde planted in the gardens of this Countrie †The Tyme Peonie flowreth at the beginning of May and deliuereth his seede in Iune †The Names Peonie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Poeonia of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Dulcisida and Idaeus Dactylus of Apuleius Aglaophotis 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and Herba casta in shoppes Pionia in high Douche Peonien blum PeonieÌ„ rosen Gichtwurtz Runigzblum Pfingstrosen in base Almaigne Pioene and Pioenbloemen and in some places of Flaunders Mastbloemen â€
of that it tooke his name †The Place Rosewurt or the roote sauering like the Rose groweth in Macedonia and Hungarie in this Countrie the Herboristes do plante it in their gardens †The Tyme It floureth in May but it beareth flower very seldome †The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Radix Rhodia Radix rosata in Frenche Racine sentant les roses in high Douche Rosenwurtz in base Almaigne Rosenwortel in Englishe Rosewurt or the roote sauouring of the Rose †The Nature The roote which smelleth like the rose especially of that sorte whiche groweth in Macedonia is hoate in the second degree and of subtile and fine partes Rhodia radix Rosewurt †The Vertues The roote Rhodia layde to the temples of the forehead with oyle of roses alayeth head ache Of bastard Pelitory or Gartram Chap. xix †The Description PElitory hath leaues muche lyke to fenil al finely cut or hackt The flowers are yellow in the midle set round about with little white leaues somewhat blew vnder like the flowers of Camomil or lyke the flowers of the great dasie The roote is long and straight somtimes as byg as a finger hoate and burning the tongue †The Place This herbe is not founde growing of him selfe in this Countrie but it is found planted in the gardens of certayne Herhoristes †The Tyme Pelitory flowreth after May vntyl the end of somer in which season the seede is rype †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Saliuaris in shops Pyrethrū of some also in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Frenche Pyrethre or Pied d' Alexandre in high Douch Bertrā Albeit mine Author setteth foorth this herbe for Pyrethro yet it is not aunswerable vnto Dioscorides Pyrethrum or Saliuarem wherfore I thinke we may wel cal it bastard Pelitory or Bertram Pyrethrum Bartram †The Nature The roote of Pyrethre is hoate and dry in the thirde degree †The Vertues The roote of Pelitory taken with hony is good agaynst the falling sicknes the Apoplexie the long and olde diseases of the head and against all colde diseases of the brayne The same holden in the mouth chewed draweth foorth great quantitie of waterish fleme The same sodden in vineger kept warme in the mouth doth mitigate and alay the tooth ache The Oyle wherein Pellitory hath ben boyled is good to annoynt the body to cause a man swet and is excellent good for any place of the body that is brused and shaken for colde and for members that are benummed or foundered and for such as are striken with the Palsie Of wilde Pelitory Chap. xx †The Description WIlde Pellitory hath round brittle branches the leaves be long narrow hackt round about like a Saw at the highest of the stalke grow flowers like the flowers of Camomil yellow in the midle set round about with smal white leaues the roote is tender ful of threds the whole herbe is sharpe biting almost in tast like Pellitory of Spayne for that cause men cal it also wild Pellitory †The Place Wilde Pellitory is founde about the borders of feeldes in high medowes and shadowy places somtimes vpon mountaynes and stony places †The Tyme This Pellitory flowreth from Maye vntyll September †The Names This herbe is nowe called in Latine Pyrethrum syluestre that is to say Wylde Pellitory in Frenche Pyrethre sauuage in Douche Wilden Bertram of some Weisz Reinfahrn that is to say White Tansie This is not 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Ptarmice or Sternumentaria but another herbe vnknowen of the Incientes ⧠The Nature This herbe is hoate and drye †The Vertues This herbe holden in the mouth and chewed bringeth lykewise frō the brayne flymie fleme almost as mightily as Pelitory of Spayne it is very good against the tooth ache It is also good in Sallades as Tarragon and Roquet whereof shal be written in the fifth booke Pyrethrum syluestre Wilde Pellitory Of false Dictam Chap. xxi †The Description THis herbe is lyke to Lentiscus or Lycoras in branches and leaues it beareth rounde blackish and rough stalkes and leaues displayed and spread lyke Lycoras at the top of the stalkes growe fayre flowers somewhat turning towarde blew the whiche on the vpper part or healf-deale hath foure or fyue leaues and in the lower or neather of the same flower it hath smal long threddes crooking and hanging downe almost lyke a bearde The flowers perished there commeth in the place of eche flower foure or fiue coddes something rough without and slymie to be handled and of a strong sauour almost smelling lyke a Goate in the which is conteined a blacke playne shining seede The rootes be long and white sometyme as thicke as a finger and do growe a thwart one another ¶ The Place It groweth in the I le of Candie as Dioscorides writeth in this Countrie it is founde in the gardens of certayne Herboristes ¶ The Tyme It flowreth in this Countrie in Iune and Iuly and sometymes the seede commeth to rypenesse ¶ The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Tragium and is the first kind or Tragium described by Dioscorides Some herboristes cal it Fraxinella and some Apothecaries do vse the roote of it in steede of Dyctam and do call it Dyptamum not without great errour and therfore it is called of some Pseudodictamum nothum that is to say Bastarde or false Dictam ¶ The Nature Tragium is almost hoate in the third degree and of subtil partes †The Vertues The seede of Tragium taken to the quantitie of a dragme is good agaynst the strangurie it prouoketh vrine breaketh the stone in the bladder bringeth it foorth and it moueth the termes or flowers of women The lyke vertue hath the leaues and iuyce to be taken after the same sorte and being layde to outwardly it draweth out thornes and splinters The roote taken with a little Rheubarbe killeth driueth forth wormes is very singuler of excellent vertue agaynst the same as men in these dayes haue proued by experience It is sayde also as recordeth Dioscorides that the wilde Goates whan they be stroken with darts or arrowes by the eating of this herbe do cause the same to fall from out of their bodyes aswell as if they had eaten of the ryght Dyctam And it is possible that for the same cause this herbe was first taken in shoppes in steede of the right Dyctam Tragium Of Polemonium Chap. xxij̄ †The Description POlemonium hath tender stalkes with ioyntes the leaues are meetely brode alwaies two set at euery ioynt one against another at the highest of the stalkes groweth white flowers hanging downewarde and ioyning one to another lyke a tuttay or little nosegaye after whiche flowers there commeth blacke seede inclosed in rounde huskes The roote is white playne and long Yet there is an other herbe taken for Polemonium whiche
herbes as Thyme Sauerie Tithymale is likewise very hoate That which groweth vpon other herbes is not so feruent hoate Neuerthelesse of it selfe it is somwhat hoate and drie †The Vertues Doder or Cuscuta boyled in water or wine and dronke openeth the stoppinges of the liuer the bladder the galle the melt the kidneyes the veynes and purgeth both by siege and vrine the Cholerique humours It is good agaynst olde Agues and agaynst the Iaunders especially that kinde whiche groweth vpon the Hoppes and vpon Brambles The other sortes haue propertie according to the herbes wherevppon they growe Of Hoppes Chap. lix †The Kyndes THere be two sortes of Hoppes the manured or toyled Hop and the wilde hedge Hoppe The husbanded Hoppe beareth his flowers or knoppes ful of scales or litle leaues growing one ouer another clustering or hanging downe togither like belles The wilde is not fruitefull but if by chance they happen to beare it is but little and small †The Description THE tame Hoppe hath rough branches beset with small sharpe prickels it groweth very high and windeth it selfe about poles and perches standing neare wheras they be planted The leaues be rough almost like the leaues of Briony but lesser and nothing so muche nor so deepely cut of a deeper or browne colour About the top of the stalkes amongst the leaues grow rounde and long knoppes or heades of a whitish colour whiche are nothing els but many small leaues betwixt white and yellow or pale growing togither Vnder the sayde small leaues or scales is hidden the seede which is flat The belles or knoppes be of a very strong smell when they be ripe The brewers of Ale and Bier do heape and gather them togither to giue a good relish and pleasant tast vnto their drinke The roote creepeth along in the earth is enterlaced or tangled putting foorth in sundrie places newe shutes and springes The hedge or wilde Hoppe is very much like the manured and tame Hoppe in leaues stalkes but it beareth no knoppes or flouers and if they beare any they be very small and to no purpose The roote of the same doth also trayle or creepe alongst in the grounde and at diuers places putteth foorth also newe shutes and tender springes the whiche are vsed to be eaten in Salades before they bring foorth leaues and are a good and holesome meate †The Place The tame Hoppe is planted in gardens and places fit for the same purpose is also found in the borders of feeldes and about hedges The wild Hoppe groweth in hedges and busshes in the borders of feeldes and herbe gardens †The Tyme The bell knoppes and heades of Hoppes come foorth in August and are rype in September †The Names Some of our tyme do cal the Hoppe in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lupulus Salictarius or Lupus Salictarius in shoppes Lupulus in high Douche Hopffen in Neather Douchlande Hoppe and Hoppecruyt Lupus Salictarius ¶ The Nature The Hoppe but especially his flowers are hoate and drie in the second degree †The Vertues The Decoction of Hoppes dronken doth open the stoppinges of the liuer the splene or melte and kidneyes and purgeth the blood from all corrupt humours causing the same to come foorth with the vrine Also it is good for them that be troubled with scabbes and scurninesse and suche lyke infirmities whose blood is grosse and corrupted For the same purpose serueth the young springes and tender croppes at their first comming foorth of the grounde in Marche and Aprill to be eaten in Salade The iuyce of Hoppes openeth the belly and driueth foorth the yellowe cholerique humours and purgeth the blood from all filthynesse The same dropped into the eares clenseth them from their filth and taketh away the stinking of the same Of Ferne or Brake Chap. lx †The Kyndes THere be two kindes of Fernes as Dioscorides writeth the male and female the whiche in leaues are very well lyke one another †The Description THE male Ferne hath great long leaues sometimes of two foote in length spread abrode vpon eche side like winges cut in euen to the middle ribbe or sinew and snipt or toothed round about like a sawe vnder whiche leaues ye may see many little spottes or markes the whiche in continuance of time become blacke and after they fall of the roote is thicke and blacke without putting foorth many leaues and small dodkins or springes whiche are the beginning of leaues This kinde of Ferne beareth neither flowers nor seede except we shal take for seede the blacke spottes growing on the backside of the leaues the whiche some do gather thinking to worke wōders but to say the trueth it is nothing els but trumperie and superstition Filix mas Osmunde Royall Filix foemina Brake or common Ferne. The female Ferne also hath neyther flowers nor seede but it hath long greene bare stemmes vpon the whiche growe many leaues on euery syde cut in and toothed rounde about very like to the leaues of male Ferne but somewhat lesse The roote of this Ferne is long and smal blacke without and creeping along in the grounde ¶ The Place Male Ferne groweth almost in al rough and vneuen places in moyst sandy groundes and alongst the borders of feeldes standing lowe or in vallies The female kinde is founde in woods and mountaynes †The Tyme The leaues spring foorth in Aprill and wither or fade in September †The Names The firste kinde of Ferne is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Filix mas that is to say The Male Ferne in Frenche Feuchiere masle in high Douch Waldtfarn mennle in neather Douchland Varen manneken of Mattheolus and Ruellius it is called Osmunde Royall The seconde kinde is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Filix foemina in Frenche Feuchiere femelle in Englishe Female Ferne in high Almaigne Waldtfarn Weiblin and of some Grosz Farnkraut in base Almaigne Varen wijfken in English Brake Common Ferne and female Ferne. Both kindes of Ferne are of like temperament or qualitie that is hoate and drie in the seconde degree †The Vertues The roote of male Ferne taken with Mede or honied water to the weight of halfe an ounce driueth foorth and killeth brode wormes The same sodden in wine is very good agaynst the hardnesse and stopping of the Melt or Splene The roote of the female Ferne taken in lyke manner as you take the male bringeth foorth the brode and rounde wormes The leaues of both kindes of Ferne put into the bedstrowe driueth away the stinking punayses and al other suche wormes ⧠The Danger The vse of Ferne is very dangerous for women especially those that are with childe Of Osmunde or Water Ferne. Chap. lxi †The Description THis kinde of Ferne is almost lyke the female Ferne sauing that the leaues be not dented or toothed it hath a triangled straight and small stemme
risus Ranunculus Illyricus after the Countrie where it is founde Passe flower is called in Latine Pulsatilla and of some Apium risus in Frenche Passe fleur in high Douche Kuchenschelle in base Almaigne Cueckenscelle The thirde kinde of the Emperour Constantine is called Chrisanthemum in English Golden flower and nowe Ranunculus Lusitanicus The fourth is called Ranunculus albus in French Grenoillette petite ou de Bois in high Almaigne Weisz Hanenfusz in base Almaigne Witte Hanevoet in English White Crowfoote †The Nature All the Crowfootes be hoate and drie in the fourth degreee †The Vertues The leaues or rootes of Crowfoote pounde and layde to any part of the body causeth the skinne and flesh to blister and rayseth vp wheales bladders scarres crustes and vlcers Therefore it is layd vpon corrupt and euil nayles and vpon wartes to cause them to fall away The leaues of Crowfoote may be also vsed agaynst the foule scurffe or tetter wheales gaules scabbes if it be layde to wel pound or brayed ye may not let it lye long but it must be taken of immediatly Also the roote of Crowfoote dried and made into powder and put into the nose prouoketh snesing ⧠The Danger Al the Crowfootes are dangerous and hurtfull yea they kyl and slay especially the second Apium risus the whiche taken inwardly spoyleth the senses and vnderstanding and doth so drawe togither the sinewes of the face that such as haue eaten therof do seeme to laugh and so they dye laughing without some present remedie Of Rape Crowfoote Chap. lxxiij †The Description THis herbe is also a kinde of Crowfoote it groweth to the length of a span or twayne the leaues are very muche parted and cut lyke to the leaues of Goldknap or Goldecup the flowers be faire and yellow the seede groweth in rounde heades or knoppes as the seede of Goldcuppes the roote is white and round as alitle Turnep sometime of the quantitie of a Nut with a beard or threddes vnderneath †The Place This herbe groweth in drie sandy medowes and in suche lyke grassie places †The Tyme It flowereth in Aprill and May. †The Names Apuleius calleth this herbe in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and separateth it from the kinds of Crowfoote called Ranunculus It is called in Neather Douchlande Sint Anthuenis Raepken that is to say Saint Anthonies Turnep we may call it Rape Crowfoote Goldknappe Yellow Craw. †The Nature Vertue and Danger This herbe is of like qualitie and complexion as the Crowfootes are and is as dangerous hurtful to be takē inwardly Batrachion Apulei Of Golde Cuppes / or Golde Knoppes Chap. lxxiiij †The Kindes GOld knoppe is of two sortes the single and double or els the garden Goldecuppe and the wild The single is the wild kind the double is planted in gardens Polyanthemū simplex The single Goldcuppe or Butter flower Polyanthemū multiplex The double Goldcup Batchelers Buttons †The Description THE Goldeknop hath bare slender stemmes the leaues are blackish slit and clouen not much differing from the leaues of Crowfoote but more large and not so muche cut The flowers be yellow as fine gold altogither like to goldē Crowfoote The roote is threddie or hearie The double Goldcup is like to the single in his leaues stalkes and rootes but the flower is very double To cōclude Goldknop is very much like Crowfoote and especially to the golden kind which I thinke to be Chrysanthemon Constantini Imperatoris sauing that it hath no blacke spottes in the leaues as golden Crowfoote hath neyther is it burning vpon the tongue as Crowfoote is †The Place Goldeknoppes do grow vpon grassie downes or playnes and in gardens wheras it is planted †The Tyme It flowreth from April almost al the sommer †The Names Plinie calleth this herbe in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in Latine Polyanthemū and it is described lib. xxvij Chap. xij Some do also name it Batrachion that is to say Ranunculus bycause it is lyke the sayde herbe in Frenche Bassinet ▪ in high Almaigne Schmalzblum in base Almaigne Booterbloeme in Englishe Goldcuppes Goldknoppes and Butterflowers The double Goldcuppes are now calied in English Bachelers Buttons †The Nature The Goldknop is of complexion hoate and drie and yet not so hoate as Ranunculus or Crowfoote †The Vertues This herbe is not vsed in Physicke yet in some places of Almaigne as Hierom Bock writeth they do mingle it amongst other herbes in rounde salades and Iunkettes with egges Of Anemone Chap. lxxv †The Kindes DIoscorides describeth two kindes of Anemone The one is tame and the other wilde of the tame are founde many sortes †The Description PAsseflower or the first Anemone hath leaues like Coriander as witnesseth Dioscorides or almost like the leaues of Ranunculus but muche lesser The flowers be sometimes red sometimes white and sometimes purple The roote is thicke rounde greater then an Olyue in some places not very euē but as though it had certayne knottes and ioyntes Anemone Passefluer Rosepersley or Winde Passeflower 2. Anemone 3. Anemone The seconde Anemone hath leaues lyke Goldcuppe but lesser The flowers be for the most part blewe sometimes also white being beset rounde about the middle with xiij or xiiij narrowe leaues The roote is thicke knottie and lyeth ouerthwart The third Anemone hath leaues very much snipt or indented flowers of seuen or eight litle leaues of a purple violet colour or red or white The roote is muche lyke to the seconde Anemone The fourth Anemone is lyke to the thirde in leaues and rootes but the flowers are thicke and very double and red of Colour The fifth Anemone in leaues is like the aforesayde but commonly greater The flowers are some purple red some white and some yellowe The rootes be very hearic †The Place The first Anemone groweth in some places of Almaigne alongst by the riuer Reyn. The fifth groweth alongst by fieldes and in wooddes in lowe places and grassie and is very common in this Countrey †The Tyme It flowreth in Marche and in Aprill †The Names Anemone is also called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 and in shoppes likewise of some Flos Adonis and of some Herboristes Herbaventi although this name is common vnto other herbes for as Antonie Musa writeth Cotyledon is likewise called Herba venti and also diuers others 4. Anemone 5. Anemone †The Nature Anemone is hoat drie in the third degree †The Vertues The roote of Anemone chewed in the mouth draweth vnto it selfe flemes and causeth muche moysture to be auoyded out of the mouth The same boyled in wine prepared called in Latine Passum and after layd vpon the eyes cleareth the sight and taketh away webbes and spottes The leaues and yong branches boyled with cleane husked barley causeth Nurses that drinke thereof to haue abundance of milke The same put vnder as a Pessarie or mother Suppositorie stirreth vp the menstruall flowers of women Of Spereworte
or Baneworte Chap. lxxvi †The Description THis herbe hath reddish stalkes holow ful of knees or ioyntes vpon the whiche growe long narrowe leaues almost lyke to the Wythie leaues but yet longer and a litle snipt or toothed round about especially those that growe lowest The flowers are yellowe as golde somwhat rough in the middle in fashion and color altogither like the flowers of golden Crowfoote Those being past it hath knops or heades like the seedie knoppes of golden Crowfoote The roote is ful of threddes or laces †The Place It groweth in moyst medowes waterie places and standing puddelles †The Tyme It flowreth in May and soone after yeeldeth his seede †The Names This herbe is nowe called in Latine Flammula that is to say Flame or the fierie herbe bycause it is very hoate and burning like fire The Douchemen call it Egelcoolen bycause the sheepe that haue eaten of this herbe haue the disease whiche they call Egel that is to say the inflammation and blistering of the liuer I know not by what name the olde writers haue called this herbe except this be that herbe whiche Octauius Horatianus doth name Cleoma the whiche groweth also in moyst places and is of a very hoate temperament or complexion It is called in some places of Englande Sperworte it may be also called Banewort ¶ The Nature and operation It is hoate and drie in the fourth degree and burneth and blistereth the body as Ranunculus vnto which it is partly lyke in complexion and operation ⧠The Danger This herbe is hurtful both vnto man and beast for it slayeth both the one and the other The sheepe whiche do happen to eate of it are vexed with a maruelous inflammation and they dye therewith bycause their liuers are inflamed and consumed Flammula Of Herbe Paris / or One Berie Chap. lxxvij †The Description HErbe Paris hath a smoth round stalke about a span long vppon the whiche growe foure leaues set directly one agaynst another crossewise or like a Crosse amongst the sayde leaues groweth a faire starrelike flower in the middle whereof there commeth foorth a bud or knop growing harde by and square the which turneth into a browne berie The roote is long and small casting it selfe hither and thither †The Place This herbe groweth in darke shadowed wooddes as in the wood Soignie by Brussels where as it groweth abundantly †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in April and the sede is ripe in May. ¶ The Names This herbe is now called in Latine Herba Paris and of some Vua Lupina and Vua versa Herba Paris in Frenche Raisin de Renard in high Douche Wolfsbeer Einbeer in Neather Douchlande Wolfsbesie in English Herbe Paris and One berrie The Nature and Vertues The fruite and seede of this herbe are very good agaynst al poyson especicially for suche as by taking of poyson are become peeuishe or without vnderstanding insomuche that it healeth them if it be giuen euery morning by the space of twentie dayes as Baptista Sardus hath first written and after him the excellent learned man Andreas Matthiolus Of Aconitum Chap. lxxviij †The Kindes Aconit is of two sortes as Dioscorides writeth the one is named Aconitum Pardalianches that is to say Aconite that baneth or killeth Panthers The other is Aconitum Lycoctonū that is to say Aconit that killeth Woolfs whereof shal be spoken in the next Chapter †The Description THE first kinde of Aconite called Pardalianches hath three or foure leaues partly rounde and somewhat rough heared the whiche do resemble the leaues of Sowe bread or lyke the wilde Cowcumber but they be smaller The stemme groweth of the height of spanne And therevpon grow yellow flowers which when they perishe they change into wooll hearie threddes which are caried away with the wind By them hangeth blacke seede The roote is not vnlyke to a Scorpion or Tortese and is white shining like Alablaster Of this kinde there is also found an other whiche is somewhat greater The roote also is somwhat longer and more lyke to a freshwater Creauis The whiche roote is most commonly solde of the Apothecaries for Doronicum †The Place This herbe loueth shadowie and rude or wilde places and is not founde in this Countrie Aconitum Pardalianches Panther or Leopardes bane ¶ The Names This kinde of Aconit is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Aconitum Pardalianches Myoctonū Theliphonum Cammorum in the Apothecaries shoppes is this roote vsed for Doronicū but it is very vnlike to the Doronicum of the Arabian maisters ⧠The Nature Aconit is hoate and drie in the fourth degree very hurtful to mans nature and killeth out of hande †The Vertues The report goeth that if this herbe or the roote thereof be layde by the Scorpion that he shall lose his force and be astonied vntill suche time as he shall happen agayne to touche or be touched with the leaues of white Elebor or Niesewort by vertue whereof he commeth to him selfe agayne ⧠The Danger Aconit taken into the body killeth Wolues Swine and all beastes both wilde and tame Of Woolfes bane / or Leopardes bane Chap. lxxix †The Kindes VVOolfes bane is of two sortes The one beareth blewe flowers and the other yellowe And of both those kindes are diuers other Lycoctonum caeruleum maius Napellus verus Blew Woolfs bane or Monkes Hoode Lycoctonum caeruleum minus †The Description THE first kinde of blewe Woolfes bane is small the leaues be splitte and somewhat parted as Leopardes bane The flowers be as litle hoodes like to the leaues of the greater Woolfes bane with three coddes folowing the same commonly togither On the hearie roote groweth as it were a litle knoppe wherewith it spreadeth it selfe abroade and multiplyeth Lycoctonum Ponticum Pontike Leopardes bayne or yellow Woolfes bayne Lycoctonum flore Delphini The great blewe Woolfs bayne hath lykewise large leaues and clouen or cut not much differing from the aforesayde but muche greater and more finely iagged and cut and in colour likewise browne The stalkes grow to the height of three or foure foote and they beare at the toppe faire blewe flowers rough within and made like a Hoode or Helmet of fiue leaues whereof the two neathermost are narrowe and straight they of eche side a little larger and the leafe that is all vpmost is great and holowe as a Cappe or Hoode couering the leaues that are by the sides In the holownesse of the sayde flower growe two small crooked heares somewhat great at the ende fashioned like a fooles bable in the middle of the sayde flowers are many smal hearie threddes at the ende of the sayde small threddes are litle prickes or poyntes turning vpon yellowe When the flowers doo fall there come in their steede three or foure huskes togither hauing a harde blacke and cornered seede The roote is thicke and blacke fashioned like a peare and hath many hearie stringes or strappes To these kindes of blewe Woolfes bayne is lykewise
about The flowers be white as snowe bringing foorth also bladders or rounde blasted balles at the beginning greene but afterwarde blackishe wherein groweth blacke beries about the quantitie of a pease The roote is small and threddie Vesicaria vulgaris Alcakengie or winter Cherie Vesicaria peregrina Blacke winter Cherie †The Place Alcakengie groweth in some wooddes of this Countrie about hedges and lowe moyst places and is much planted in gardens †The Tyme The little bladders and the fruite of this plante are rype in August and September †The Names Alcakengie is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Vesicaria of Plinie Vesicula of some Callion in Shoppes Alkakengie in French Alquequanges and des Coquerelles in high Douche Schlutten Boberellen Iuden Kirszen Teuffels Kirsen Iuden Hutlin and Rot Nachtschad in base Almaigne Criecken van ouersee That is to say Beyondsea Cheries in English it is called Nightshade Alkakengie and Winter Cheries The other strange kinde is called of men of this time Vesicaria peregrina and Vesicaria nigra in French Pois de merueilles in high Douch Munchs copfflin Schwarte Schlutten and Welsch Schlutten in base Almaigne Vremde Criecken van ouer zea and Swerte Criecken van ouer zea †The Nature The leaues of Alkakengie are colde lyke Petimorell The fruite is not so colde Moreouer it is of subtill partes The complexion of the strange Alkakengie is yet vnknowen †The Vertues The leaues of Alkakengie are good for all suche thinges as the leaues of Petimorel serue for but not to be eaten The Cheries or fruite of Alkakengie openeth the stoppinges of the liuer the kidneyes clenseth the bladder and prouoketh vrine Therfore they be very good against the Iaunders the ache greefe of the raines and bladder against the difficultie sharpnesse of making water and against the stone and grauell Of great Nightshade / or Dwale Chap. xci †The Description THis noughtie and deadly plant is taken for a kinde of Solanum bycause it doth somewhat resemble it It hath round blackish stalkes of two or three foote high or more vppon the whiche growe great broade leaues somewhat rough greater and larger yea blacker then the leaues of Morel the flowers be of a browne colour fashioned lyke to litle holow belles after the whiche there comme vp great round beries euery one vpon a stalke by him selfe about the bignesse of a Cherie greene at the beginning but afterwarde when they waxe towarde rypenesse they be of a faire blacke shining colour within the sayd beries is cōteyned a litle browne seede The roote is great putting foorth newe euery yere and bringing foorth a number of newe stalkes †The Place This herbe is founde in some places of this Countrie in woods and hedges and in the gardens of some Herboristes †The Tyme The fruit or beries of this venemous Solanum are ripe in August Mandragoras Theophrasti Solanum lethale †The Names This herbe is nowe called Solanum lethale in Shoppes Solatrum mortale in Frenché Solanum mortel in high Douche Dollkraut Seukraut in base Almaigne Groote Nascaye and Dulcruyt or Dulle besien This is not Solanum Manicum neither Solanum Somniferum neither yet Mandragoras Morion the whiche Dioscorides describeth But it shoulde rather seeme to be that kinde of Mandrage whereof Theophrast speaketh in his sixth booke the second Chapter And for that cause it may be well called Mandragoras Theophrasti ¶ The Nature The leaues and fruit of this herbe are very cold euen in the fourth degree †The working The greene and fresh leaues of this deadly Nightshade may be applyed outwardly as the leaues of Petimorel to S. Antonies fire and the lyke hoate inflammations but it must be done by great aduise seing that this Solanum cooleth agayne more strongly than the common Nightshade ⧠The mischeuous Danger The fruite of this Solanum is deadly and bringeth such as haue eaten therof into a deepe sleepe with rage and anger the which passion leaueth them not vntill they die as it hath ben seene by experience as well in Almaigne as at Mechlen vpon some children who haue eaten of this fruite thincking that it was not hurtful Wherfore eche man ought to take heede that they plant not neyther yet suffer in their gardens any suche venemous herbes especially of suche sortes whiche beare a faire and pleasant fruite as this last recited kinde doth or if they wil haue it in their gardens then at the least way they ought to be carefull to see to it to close it in that no body enter into the place where it groweth that wil be entised with the beautie of the fruite to eate thereof as it commeth very oftentimes to passe vnto wemen and young children Of Solanum Somniferum Manicum Chap. xcij. Sleeping Nightshade Furious Nightshade †The Kindes THE dealy Nightshade whereof I haue written in the former Chapter causeth me yet to remember two other kinds of Solanum or Morel described of the Ancientes and of Dioscorides Whereof one is called Solanum Somniferum that is to say Sleeping Nightshade The other is called Solanū Manicum that is to say Mad or Raging Nightshade †The Description SOlanum Somniferum that is Sleeping Nightshade hath grosse and harde stalkes vpon the whiche groweth great broade leaues almost like to the leaues of the Quince tree The flower is great and red the fruite as yellowe as Saffron conteyned in puffed balles or coddes The roote is long and wooddy and on the outside browne The other Solanum called Manicum that is to say Madde or Raging hath leaues like Senuie or Mostarde but greater and somewhat like to the leaues of the right Branke Vrsine called in Latine Acanthus the which shal be described in the fifth booke It bringeth foorth from one roote ten or twelue stalkes of the height of two or three foote at the toppe of the sayd stalkes or branches groweth a rounde head of the bignesse of an Olyue and rough like the fruit of the Plane tree but smaller longer The flower is blacke when it perisheth it bringeth foorth a little grape with ten or twelue beries like the fruite of Iuie but playner and smother like the berries of grapes The roote is white and thicke of a cubite long and holow within To this Description agreeth that kinde of strange Mallowe whiche is called Malua Theophrasti and Alcea Veneta the whiche shal be described in the xxvij Chapter of the fifth part of this Historie †The Place Solanum Somniferum according to the opinion of Dioscorides groweth in stony places lying not farre from the Sea Solanum Manicum groweth vpon high hilles whose situation or standing is agaynst the Sonne †The Names The first kinde of these two herbes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Solanum Somniferum that is to say in English Sleeping Nightshade of some Halicacabon Dircion Apollinaris minor Vlticana herba and Opsago The second kind is called
brode leaues and nothing prickley which is called the right Artechoke the other whose leaues be all to gashed full of sharpe prickles and deepe cuttes which may be called the Thistell or prickley Artechoke †The Description Cynara Artechokes Cynaraealiud genus Prickley Artechokes The Thistell or prickley Artechoke hath great long leaues very much and deepely cut vpō both sides euen to the very sinewes which depart the leaues and full of sharpe cruel prickles The stalke is long vpon the which grow scaly heades almost like the others They are both of one kinde not otherwise to be accounted for oftentimes of the seede of one springeth the other especially the Thistell Artechoke commeth of the seede of the right Arrechoke Whiche thing was very well knowen of Palladius who commaunded to breake the point of the seede for bycause it shoulde not bring foorth the prickley kinde ¶ The Place These two kindes growe not in this Countrie of their owne accorde but are sowen and planted in gardens †The Tyme The right prickley Artechokes bring forth their great heades in August †The Names This kinde of Thistell especially the first sorte is called of Galen in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 of Math. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Cynara Cinara Carduus Carduus satiuus of writers of our time Arocum Alcoralum and Articocalus in Frenche Artichaut in Italian Articoca in high Douch Strobildorn in Brabāt Artichauts folowing the Frenche the heades be called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Spondyli in Englishe the great and right Artechok The other is called Cinaraacuta in French Chardonnerette in Brabant Chardons It may be wel Englished the Thistel or prickley Artichoke †The Nature and Vertues The heades of Artechokes are vnhole some to be eaten as Galen writeth in his boooke De Alimentis and of harde digestion wherefore they engender noughtie humours especially being eaten rawe and vnprepared Therefore they must be boyled after the order of Asparagus in some good broth of beefe or other flesh then serue them with a sause of butter or oyle salt and vineger some vse them rawe with pepper and salt and the powder of Coriander and so they yeelde a natural pleasant and kindly sweetenesse in taste They are not vsed in medicine as my Aucthor in folowing Dioscorides and Galen writeth Some write if the young and tender shelles or Nuttes of the Artechok being first srieped or soked in strong wine be eaten that they prouoke vrine and stirre vp the lust of the body Also they write that the roote is good agaynst the rancke sinel of the arme pittes if after the taking cleane away of the pith the same roote be boyled in wine and dronken For it sendeth foorth plentie of stinking vrine whereby the ranke and rammishe sauour of al the body is amended The same boyled in water and dronken doth strengthen the stomacke and so confirme the place of naturall conception in women that it maketh them apt to conceaue male Children The first springes or tender impes of the Artechok sodden in good broth with Butter doth mightely stirre vp the lust of the body both in men and women it causeth sluggishe men to be diligent in Sommer and wil not suffer women to be slowe at winter It stayeth the inuoluntarie course of the naturall seede in man or woman Of our Zadyes Thistell Chap. lxij †The Description OVr Ladies Thistel hath great broade white greene leaues speckled with many white spots set rounde about with sharpe prickles The stalkes be long as bigge as ones finger at the top whereof grow rounde knapped headdes with sharpe prickles out of the same knappes come foorth fayre purple flowers and after them within the same heades groweth the seede inclosed or wrapt in a certayne cotton or downe The which is not much vnlyke the seede of wilde Carthamus but lesser rounder and blacker The roote is long thicke and white Spina alba Our Ladyes Thistel †The Place Our Ladyes Thistel groweth of his owne kinde in this Countrie almost in euery garden of potherbes and is also founde in rough vntoyled places †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and Iuly the same yere it is first sowen and when it hath brought foorth his seede it decayeth and starueth †The Names This Thistell is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Spina alba of some also Agriocinara Donacitis Erysisceptrum Spina regia and Carduus Ramptarius of the Arabian Physitions Bedeguar in Englishe Our Ladies Thistell in Frenche Chardou nostre Dame in high Douche Marien Distel and Frauwen Distel in base Almaigne Onser Vrouwen Distel in shoppes Carduus Mariae †The Nature The roote of our Ladies Thistel is dry and astringent The seede is hoate and of subtill partes †The Vertues The roote of our Ladyes Thistel dronke in wine is good for them that spit blood and for those that haue feeble stomackes and lose bellyes Taken in the same sort it prouoketh vrine and driueth it foorth It consumeth colde and soft swellinges being layde therevnto The wine wherein it hath bene boyled swageth the tooth ache The seede is giuen with great profite to children that be troubled with the crampe or the drawing awry of any member and to suche as are bitten with Serpentes or other venemous beastes Of the Globe Thistel Chap. lxiij †The Description THis thistel hath also great broade leaues of a sadde greene colour aboue or in the vpper side and next the grounde they are rough of a grayish colour deepely iagged and hackt rounde about the indented edges are full of sharpe prickley pointes The stalke is rounde and blatkishe as bigge as ones finger and of foure or fiue foote long whervpon grow faire round heades and rough bearing rounde about a great many of smal whitish flowers mixt with blew The roote is browne without †The Place This Thistell is a stranger in this Countrie and is not founde but in the gardens of Herboristes and such as loue herbes Spina peregrina †The Tyme It flowreth in Iune and Iuly a yere after it hath bene sowen †The Names The Thistel is called of the writers in these dayes in Latine Spina peregrina of Valerius Cordus Carduus Sphaerocephalus in high Douche Welsch Distel or Romisch distel in base Almaigne Roomsche distel Vremde distel that is to say the Romaynes Thistel or the strange Thistel How this Thistel was called of the Auncientes we knowe not except it be Acanthus syluestris wherewithall it seemes to be much like Turner calleth it Ote Thistel or Cotton Thistel in folowing Valerius Cordus we may also call it Globe Thistell bycause the heades be of a rounde forme lyke to a Globe or bowle †The Nature This strange Thistel is hoate and drie the whiche may be perceiued by the strong smell in rubbing it betweene your handes also it may be diserned by the sharpe taste thereof †The Vertues This Thistell is not in vse that
I knowe except as some do write that in Italy they boyle the round heades with flesh and eate them like Hartechokes Of white Cotton Thistel Chap. lciiij †The Description ACanthium is not muche vnlyke our Ladies Thistell it beareth great large leaues al to mangled and cut by the edges and set full of sharpe prickles couered and layd ouer with a fine Cotton or soft downe The stalke is great thicke set full of prickiey stings at the top of the stalkes are rough heades in sashion like to the heades of our Ladies Thistel The roote is great and thicke †The Place This Thistell groweth here by the high wayes and borders of feeldes and in sandy vntoyled places †The Tyme It flowreth from the moneth of Iune vnto the eude of August and sometimes longer †The Names This Thistel is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Acanthium in high Douche Weisz wege distel in neather Douche laude Witte wech Distel and Wilde or Groote witte Distel in Frenche Chardon argentin or Chardon saluage in Englishe White Cotton Thistell Wilde white Thistell and Argentine or Siluer Thistel Acanthium †The Nature This Thistel is hoate of complexion †The Vertues Dioscorides and Galen write that the leaues or rootes of Acanthium dronken are good for such as are troubled with the cricke or shrinking of sinewes by meanes of the Crampe Of Granke Orsine Chap. lxv †The Kyndes BRanke Vrsine called Acanthos in Greeke is of two sortes as Dioscorides sayth to wit the garden and wilde Branke Vrsine †The Description The tame Acanthus hath great large leaues of a sadde greene color thicke and grosse smooth deepely cut in rent or iagged by the sydes or borders lyke the leaues of white Senuie or Roquet The stalke is long of the bignesse of ones finger couered with long little and sharpe poynted leaues euen all alongst vp to the toppe amongst the leaues doo growe fayre white flowers and after them broade huskes wherein is founde a yellowish seede The rootes be long and slymie The wild Acanthus is lyke to the wild Thistell rough and prickley but smaller then the aforesayde as Dioscorides writeth It is of leaues flowers and seede growing vpwarde lyke vnto the tame †The Place Branke Vrsine groweth in gardens and in moyst stonie places as Dioscorides sayth In this Countrie it is founde but onely in the gardens of Herboristes †The Tyme The garden Branke Vrsine flowreth in this Countrie in Iuly and August and sometimes later Acanthus satiuus Branke Vrsine †The Names The tame or garden Branke Vrsine is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Acanthus and Acantha of some Paederota Herpacantha Melamphyllon Topiaria Marmoraria and Craepula in the Shoppes of Italy and France Branca Vrsina in Englishe Branke Vrsine in Frenche Branche Vrsine in high Douche Bernklaw in base Almaigne Beerenclauw It is knowen in the Shoppes of this Countrie for they vse in stede of the same the herbe described in the next Chapt. Cooper in his Dictionarie calleth it Branke Vrsine Beare Briche and not Bearefoote as some haue taken it The wylde is called of Dioscorides Acanthus syluestris that is to say the wilde Acanthus †The Nature The roote of Acanthus is drie and temperate in heate †The Vertues The rootes of Acanthus taken in drinke do prouoke vrine and stoppe the belly They be excellent for suche as be troubled with crampes or drawing togither of sinewes and for such as be broken and those that haue the Ptysike or consumption or consuming feuer The same greene is good against burning and members out of ioynt and with the same is made very good playsters agaynst the gowte of the handes and feete Dioscorides saith that the wilde Acanthus hath the same vertue Of Douch Branck vrsine Chap. lxvi †The Description THE wilde Carrot or Cow Parsenep hath great rough blacke leaues much clouen diuided into fiue or sixe lesser leaues The stalke is long round and holowe within full of ioyntes and sometimes of an inche thicke at the top of the stalkes growe spokie flowers which are white after commeth the seede whiche is broade and flatte The roote is white and long ¶ The Place The wilde Carrot groweth alongst the borders of feeldes and in lowe grassie places and medowes †The Tyme This herbe flowreth in Iune and Iuly and in this space the seede is ripe †The Names This herbe is called in high and base Almaigne Branca vrsina and of some writers of our time Pseudacanthus or Acanthus Germanica in Frenche Panaiz sauuage in Douche Bernclaw or Berntaisz in Brabant Beerenclauw in English Wild Carrot or Douche Brank vrsine Some take it to be the herbe called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Spondylium Turner calleth it Cowe Parsnep or Medo Parsnep †The Nature Medow or Cow Parsnep is of a manifest warme complexion Branca vrsina Germanica Wild Carrot or Cow Parsnep †The Vertues Douche Branck vrsine doth consume and dissolue colde swellinges if it be brused and layde therevpon The people of Polonia and Lituania vse to make drinke with the decoction of this herbe and leauen or some suche lyke thing the whiche they vse in steede of Bier or other ordinarie drinke Turner ascribeth moe Vertues to his Spondilion Of Carline Thistel Chap. lxvij †The Kindes OF this kind of thistel there be two sorts The one beareth white flowers vpon a stalke of a handful and a halfe long or somwhat more The other beareth a red flower without stemme Leucacantha Carlina White Caroline Thistel Spina Arabica Carlina minor The Arabian thistel or the lesser Caroline †The Description THE white Carline hath long narrow rough and prickley leaues deepely cut and mingled vpon both sides or edges and they haue red sinewes or ribbes in the middest of the leaues from amongst those leaues springeth vp a stemme or stalke of a handfull and a halfe long or somewhat more bearing suche leaues as aforesayd vpon whiche stemme groweth a round flat head set round about with sharpe prickles lyke the shelles or huskes of the Chestnut the which head or knappe is open wide aboue in the middle and thromde lyke Veluet and rounde about that Veluet throm or Crowne standeth a pale or inclosure of proper small white leaues whiche is the flower the flowers being past you shall finde a narrowe gray seede amongst the fine heare or downe The roote is long and rounde most commonly split diuided through the middest of apleasant smell and sharpe bitter taste The seconde kinde is lyke the other in leaues and rootes but it is smaller The flowers be of a fayre redde colour lyke the rose and growe harde by the leaues immediatly from the roote without stalke ' almost lying harde by the grounde The roote is reddish and of a strong smell †The Place The white Carline groweth in many places of Italy and Douchlande vpon high rough hilles The Herboristes
Beetes doo seede in August a yeere after their first sowing Beta nigra Romana The strange red Beete †The Names Beetes are called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine in Shoppes Beta in Frenche Bete Iotte Porée in high Douch Mangolt in base Almaigne Beete The white kind is called Sicula and of some Sicelica or Sicla of the writer in our time Beta candida in Englishe The white Beete in French Bete blanche in high Douche Weisser Sangolt in base Almaigne Witte Beete The common red Beete is called Beta nigra in French Bete rouge in Douch Roter Mangol and Roode Beete The thirde is called Beta nigra Romana that is to say The Romayne or strange red Beete in Frenche Bete rouge Romaine or Estrangere in Douch Roomsche roode Beete of some Rapa rubra albeit this is no kind of Rape or Naueau †The Nature Beetes are hoate drie and abstersiue especially the white Beete the which is of a more abstersiue and clensing nature †The Vertues The iuyce of the white Beete dronken openeth the belly and clenseth the stomacke but it must not be vsed to often for it hurteth the stomacke The same with hony powred into a mans nose purgeth the braine and openeth the stoppinges of the nose thrilles and swageth the headache The same powred into the eares taketh away the paynes in the same and also the singing or humming noyse of the same The rawe leaues of Beetes pounde and layde to heale the white scurffe so that the place be first rubbed well with Saltpeter The same raw leaues pound are very good to be laid vpon spreading sores vpon the roome or noughty scales and scurffe which causeth the heare to fal of The leaues sodden are layd to as an emplaister vppon burninges and scaldinges hoate inflammations and wheales comming of choler and blood The broth of Beetes scoureth away the scuruie scales nittes and lice of the head being washed therwithall and is good for mouled or kybed heeles to be stued or soked in the same The rootes of Beetes put as a suppositorie into the fundement doth soften the belly Beetes vsed in meates nourisheth but litle but it is good for them that are splenitike for being so vsed it openeth the stoppings of the liuer melt or splene The common red Beete boyled with Lentils and taken before meate stoppeth the belly The roote of the Romaine or strange red Beete is boyled and caten with oyle and vineger before other meates and sometimes with pepper as they vse to eate the common Parsenep Of Colewurtes / and Cabbage Cole Chap. vi †The Kindes THere be diuers sortes of Colewurtes not muche lyke one another the which be al comprehended vnder two kindes whereof one kinde is of the garden and the other is wild Agayne these Colewurtes are diuided into other kindes for of the garden Colewurtes some be white and some be red and yet of them againe be diuers kindes Brassica Tritiana siue Capitata Brassica Pompeiana aut Cypria †The Description THE first kinde of white Colewurtes is the common white lofed or close Cabbage that which hath great large leaues ful of grosse veynes ribbes or sinewes whereof the first leaues before the closing of the Cabbage are of a white greene colour but the others folowing next vnder them are as white as snow the which do grow so closely layd folden harde one with and vpon another that they are lyke to a great globe or round bowle These Colewurtes winter being once gone past do spreade abrode by vnfolding them selues and doo bring foorth both flowers and seede as the other Colewurtes doo The seconde kinde of white Colewurtes is that whiche they call Sauoye Colewurtes It is very much like to the white lofed Cabbage so it closeth but nothing so firmely neither is it so great nor so round as the aforesayd but it abideth smaller and in shape longer This kind of Colewurtes cannot abide the colde for most commonly it decayeth as soone as it beginneth to freese Neuerthelesse the winter being caulme as it was in the yeere of our Redeemer M. D. LX. after winter it bringeth foorth his stalke with fayre white flowers and afterwarde his seede in small coddes lyke to the other Colewurtes The third kind of white Colewurtes is very strange and is named Flowrie or Cypresse Colewurtes It hath grayishe leaues at the beginning lyke to the white Colewurtes and afterwarde in the middle of the same leaues in the steede of the thicke Cabbaged or lofed leaues it putteth forth many smal white stemmes grosse and gentle with many short branches growing for the most part al of one height thicke set and fast throng togither These little stemmes so growing togither are named the flower of these Colewurtes The fourth kinde hath grayish or white greene leaues as the other white Colewurtes haue but they remayne still without closing or gathering to a rounde head or croppe yet it beareth a great round knoppe like a Turnep the which groweth right vnder the leaues euen hard vpon the ground is white within lyke a Turnep and is euen so drest and prepared to be eaten There is also a very strange kinde of Cole whiche is also set amongst the white kindes of Colewurtes and is now called swart or blacke Colewurtes It hath long high stemmes and great broade swartgreene leaues the which are vneuenly wrinkled or crompled The flowers be yellowe The seede and coddes are very well lyke the other Colewurtes †The Description of the redde Colewurtes The first kinde of red Colewurtes hath great brode and smoth brownish darke red greene leaues with reddish ribbes or veynes going through them The flowers be yellow and the coddes or huskes be long and slender the seede is small and round browne without and yellow within muche like to Rape seede but it is bigger The seconde kinde his leaues at the beginning are lyke to the leaues of the former but afterwarde the middle leaues do gather them selues togither and lie one vpon another like the white Cabbage or lofed Cole the whiche be of a red or purple colour The thirde kinde of red Colewurtes his leaues be al to cut and iagged els it is like both in colour flowers and seede to the first The fourth kinde his leaues be ruft crompled and drawen togither or curled the rest is lyke to the former red kindes Brassica Cumana siue rubra Red Colewurtes Brassica Sabellica siue crispa Ruffed or curled Colewurtes †The Place Al these kindes of Colewurtes are planted in gardens of this Countrie But the fifth kinde is sometimes sowen in the feeldes lyke Rapes †The Time The best Colewurtes are they whiche be sowen in Marche and planted againe in May for they wil be redy to be eaten in winter and if they abyde the winter they wil flower in March and April and the seede is ripe in May. But some kindes especially the white Cabbage Cole or lofed Colewurtes is
humours The same rosted or prepared after the same manner is good to be put into medicines that prouoke vrine and in suche medicines as are vsed agaynst the Dropsie the Iaundise belching or working vp of the stomacke and gripinges or frettinges of the belly Taken with hony and oyle it driueth foorth of the belly both the long and rounde wormes Prepared in manner aforesayde it is put with great profite into medicines that are made against an old inueterate cough and shortnesse of breath which medicines do cause to spit out the tough and clammie flemes that are gathered togither within the holownesse of the breast for taken in the same manner it doth dissolue and loose grosse humours and bringeth them foorth The same ordered with hony loseth the belly very gently and the like vertue hath the seede to be taken with figges or hony A scale or twaine of the roote of Squilla being yet greene and raw is good to be layde vnder the tongue to quenche the thirste of them that haue the Dropsie as Plinie writeth Squilla sodden in vineger vntill it be tender and pouned small is good to be layde as an emplayster vpon the bitinges of Vipers and Adders and suche other lyke venemous beastes The inner part of Squilla boyled in Oyle or Turpentine is applyed with great profite to the chappes or riftes of the feete and also to kibed or moldye heeles and hanginge wartes especially when it is first rosted vnder the imbers In the same maner it healeth the running sores of the head and the scurffie scales or bran of the head being layde therevnto The leaues of Squilla do dissolue and wast the kinges euyl and kernelles vnder and about the throte beyng layd therevpon by the space of foure dayes Pythagoras saith that if Squilla be hanged ouer the doore or chiefe entrie into the house it keepeth the same from all mishap witchcraft or sorcerie Bertius writeth that whan the flowers of Squilla be of a brownish colour and doo not soone fall or vade away that the yeere shal be very fruitefull and there shal be great ftore of Corne. Pancratium in vertue and working is muche lyke to Squilla sauing that it is not so strong nor effectuall And it may be vsed for want of the right Squilla in al things as witnesseth Galen and is to be prepared in the lyke order as they prepare Squilla as saith Dioscorides †The Danger Squilla is a very sharpe medicine both subtil wasting hurtful and forsing the nature of man when it is taken or vsed rawe and therefore Galen saith it ought not to be vsed or taken into the body without it be first soddē or rosted Of Affodyll Chap. lxxix †The Kyndes THere be three kindes of Affodill that is to say the male and female and a thirde sort with yellowe flowers Asphodelus mas The male Affodyll Asphodelus foemina The female Affodyl †The Description THE first kinde of Affodyll hath long narrow leaues like Leeke blades amōgst which springeth vp a roūd stalke of a cubite or cubite and a halfe long vppon whiche from the middle vp to the toppe growe faire white flowers or of a very pale carnation colour which do begin to flower below and do end their flowring aboue The flowers past ther come smal huskes round and writhed or turned about and are found diuided and seuered into partes whē they waxe ripe within the sayd huskes is a browne seede The rootes do growe by great nūbers or cōpanyes like to the rootes of the femal Pionie eache one fashioned like to a lōg thicke kernell or somewhat longer and within somwhat opē or spongie in taste at the first somewhat astringent and afterwarde bitter Yet of no very strange taste so that it is no maruell that men in times past dyd vse to of eate this roote as Hesiodus certaine other do report Asphodelitertia species Yellow Affodyll The second kind of Affodyll hath narrow blades also lyke to the abouesayde but smaller and shorter amongst whiche springeth foorth a plaine straight stem of two foote high from the middle of the top set with pale flowers diuided into sixe partes not much vnlike the flowers of the other Affodyl They once past there appeare small triangled huskes within the whiche lyeth the seede The roote of this kinde is rounde as the head of an Onyon almost lyke the roote of garden Bulbus but somewhat bigger To conclude this Affodyll is not muche vnlyke the first kind but only in the roote wherein is all the difference betwixt these two herbes for they varie not much one from another in leaues stalkes flowers and seedes sauing that the leaues of this kind are shorter the flowers stande further a sunder and not so thicke set or throng togither Bysides these two kindes there is found another Affodyl whose leaues be longer narrower then the leaues of the first kind the stalkes be also round loden with pleasant yellow flowers after whiche appeareth rounde huskes or knops lyke little heades wherein the seede is contayned it hath a number of rootes growing thicke togither like the first Affodyl but euery roote is longer and smaller The leaues of this Affodyl remayne greene al the winter do not vade and perish as the leaues of the other And the rootes doo put foorth a certayne increase of newe springes and blades wherby it incrocheth and winneth more grounde and doth so multiply that of one plant within a fewe yeres you shal get a number of others †The Place Affodyl is not founde growing of his owne kind in this Countrie but in the gardens of Herboristes where as they do both sowe and playnt it †The Time The first kinde flowreth in May and is in seede in Iune The seconde doth also flower and seede in Iune ⧠The Names This herbe is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Albucus and Hastula regia in shops Affodilus in French Hache royale or Asphodel of the common Herboristes of Brabant Affodilen The flower with his stemme is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Anthericos and in Latine as Plinie sayth Albucum in English also Affodyl and Daffodyll The first kinde is called Asphodelus mas and Hastula regia mas and is that same whiche Dioscorides describeth The seconde is called Asphodelus foemina and Hastula regia foemina and is that whiche Galen describeth in lib. de alimentorum facultatibus ¶ The Nature Affodyl especially the roote of the first kind is hoate dry in the second degree The rootes of the other kinde are hoate and dry almost in the thirde degree ⧠The Vertues The roote of the first kind boiled dronkē prouoketh vrine womēs flowers The waight of a dram therof taken with wine healeth the payne in the side the cough the shrinking of sinewes crampes and burstinges It is very good against the bitings of venemous beastes to drinke the quantitie of three drammes therof with wine and to lay
The Description ANagyris is a litle lowe bush or shrub with smal branches vpon which growe small leaues alwayes three togither other wayes almost lyke to the leaues of Agnus castus The flowers be yellowe almost lyke to Broome flowers whiche being past there come vp long huskes or coddes in whiche is a flat fruite or seede that is harde firme almost lyke the kidney beanes but somewhat smaller The whole plant is of a strong ilfauoured stinking sauour as it were the smell of Gla. dyn or Spurgewort Arbor Iuda There is also another litle bush or shrub founde lyke to Anagyris in leaues growing The flowers do grow very thicke togither hanging by a fine slender stemme lyke to a spykie eare but yellowe and-somewhat resemblyng Broome flowers The coddes or cases are rounder smaller then the huskes of Anagyris with a smaller fruite also This plante is of no ranke smel but his leaues be greater and larger then the leaues of Anagyris Besydes the aforesayd there is founde another smal shrub or plant whiche bringeth foorth coddes or huskes also the whiche being well ordered in the growing vp waxeth a tall tree His branches are set with broade rounde leaues almost lyke to the leaues of Aristolochia clematitis or Asarum but stronger The flowers be purple and redde like to the flowers of garden or branche Peason and the sayde flowers do not growe vpon the smal branches and betwixt the leaues lyke the blossoms and flowers of other trees but they growe about the lowest part of the great branches the whiche afterwarde do change into long flatte coddes of colour somewhat blew or wanne hauing a certayne flat seede within which is harde and lyke to a Lentill †The Place These plantes doo growe wilde in diuers places of Italy and Prouince in wooddes and vpon the mountaynes †The Time Anagyris flowreth in Aprill and May the other in May and Iune but Arbor Iuda in Marche The fruite is ripe in September †The Names The first of these plantes is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Anagyris in Italian Eghelo we may call it Beane trifoly bycause the leaues grow three togither the seede is much like to a beane the Frenche name may be Bois puant The second is thought to be Laburnum Plinij This is not Anagyris neither yet Lotus as some do wrongfully iudge it The third is called of the Latine Herboristes in Latine Arbor Iuda Arbor Iudae this should seeme to be a kind of Laburnū or as some men thinke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Colytea of Theophrastus This is not that Cercis of Theophrastus for Cercis is a kinde of Populer the whiche Plinie calleth Populus Lybica ⧠The Nature The leaues and seede of Anagyris are hoate and drie of complexion †The Vertues They giue the waight of a dramme of the leaues of Anagyris boyled in wine to moue womens flowers and to driue foorth the secondine The young and tender leaues of this bushe broken and layde to as an emplayster doth dissolue and keepe downe colde swellinges The seede eaten causeth one to vomite sore and vehemently Of Withy or Willow Chap. lxvij ¶ The Kindes THere be two sortes of Withy very diuers The one riseth vp very high groweth to the bignesse and thicknesse of other trees the other remaineth alwayes lowe beareth Ozier roddes and twigges The barke of the first sorte is sometimes reddish sometimes white and sometimes yellowe †The Description WITHY hath a great tronke stocke or stemme out of whiche pring high branches or yeardes which be long straight and full of boughes or twigges which be weake and plyant and couered with a barke or rinde of a browne red colour or white or yellow alongst the which branches and twigges grow the leaues which be long and narrow greene aboue and white or ashe colour vnderneath The seconde kind of Withy called the Franke Ozier hath no great stemme but onely a great wride or head neare the ground out of which spring many Siōs and slender twigges or yeardes couered with a browne rinde or pyll the whiche yeardes twigges or roddes are very plyant and easy to turne and twiste euery way With this kinde of twigges or roddes they make Basketes Chayres Panniers and suche lyke stuffe †The Place All kindes of Withy delight to growe in moyst places along by diches and waters but especially the Oziers Salix †The Tyme Withy flowreth at the beginning of the spring time his flower or blossom is lyke a fine throm or thicke set veluet heaped vp togither about a little stemme the which when it openeth is soft in handling and lyke downe or Cotton and therefore the whole flower is called a Chatton Kitekin or Catteken †The Names Withy is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Salix in Frenche Saulx in high Douche Weydenbaum in base Almaigne Wilghe boom Theophrastus doth surname it 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Olesicarpos that is to say in Latine Frugiperda bycause his Cattekins or blossoms do fall away before that his seede be scarse ripe That Withy or Willowe whiche groweth to a tree is called in Latine Salix perticalis Of this sort that whiche hath the reddish barke is called Salix nigra Salix purpurea and Salix Gallica in English Red Withy and the better sort therof is called Red sperte in Frenche L'ozier in high Douche Rotweiden in base Almaigne Roode wilghen of some also Salix viminalis bycause the twigges be tough and plyant and wil be wrought and writhed more easily then any of the other kindes of Withy insomuch that this kind of blacke or rather red Withy is without doubt of the selfe same kinde as the Franke Ozier is of for if you plant it in lowe waterishe places and cut it harde by the ground it will turne to Ozier Withy The seconde sorte hath a white or gray barke and is called Salix candida and of some Salix Graeca in English Dunne Withy and Goore Withy The third kinde hath a yellow barke and is called Salix vitellina and after the minde of some Salix amerina these two kindes are called in high Douche Weisz weiden in base Almaigne Witte wilghen that is to say White Withy it is called about Parris Du Bursauli in English Cane Withy The small lowe Withy is called in Latine Salix pumila and Salix viminalis of Columella Sabina salix and Amerina salix in Frenche Franc Ozier in high Douch Klein weiden in base Almaigne Wijmen in English the smal Withy the Osyar Withy the Sperte or twigge Withy †The Nature The leaues flowers seede and barkes of Withy are colde and drie in the seconde degree and astringent †The Vertues The leaues and barke of Withy do stay the spitting of blood the vomiting of blood and all other fluxe of blood with the inordinate course of womens flowers to be boyled in wine and dronken The leaues and rindes of Withy boyled in wine doo appease
colour white and yellow in the middell The rootes be nothing else but like to long small blacke threedes and at that ende whereby they are fastened to the ground they are white and shyning like Cristall The third herbe swimming vpon the water is called Morsus Ranae or Frog bitte and it hath round leaues layde flatte and spread vpon the water like the leaues of Asarabacca or Folefoote but smaller tied vpon shorte stemmes comming out from the roote The floures grow amongst the leaues and are white and a little yellow in the middell parted into three leaues much like in figure to the floures of water Plantayne the floures of water Milfoyle or Crabs clawe The roote is thicke and shorte with many long threedes or strings like the roote of water Milfoyle There is also carried vpon the water certayne little small greene rounde leaues not much larger then the seede of the pulse called Lentilles hauing vnder them for rootes very small white threddy strings are called water Lentils Duckes meate and Grayues Polyanthemum palustre White Crowfoote or water Crowfoote Amongst the fleeting herbes there is also a certayne herbe whiche some call water Lyuerworte at the rootes whereof hang very many hearie strings like rootes the which doth oftentimes change his vppermost leaues according to the places where as it groweth That whiche groweth within the water carrieth vpon slender stalkes his leaues very small cut much like the leaues of the common Cammomill but before they be vnder the water and growing aboue about the toppe of the stalkes it beareth small rounde leaues somewhat dented or vneuenly cut about That kinde whiche groweth out of the water in the borders of diches hath none other but the small iagged leaues That whiche groweth adioyning to the water is sometimes drenched or ouerwhelmed with water hath also at the top of the stalkes small rounde leaues but much more dented than the round leaues of that whiche groweth alwayes in the water The floures of these herbes are white and of a good sent or smell with a certayne yellow in the middel like the floures of Crowfoote golde Cuppes or Strawbery floures whan they are gone there commeth rounde rough and prickley knoppes like the seede of Crowfoote or Golde knappes †The Place These herbes grow in standing waters and diches †The Tyme Water Spike and Frogge bitte do floure most commonly in Iune The others in May. †The Names The first is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Fontalis Fontinalis of some Spicata vnknowen in Shoppes in English Water spike and Pōdeweede in French Espi d'eaue and Bete Aquatigue in high Douch Zamkraut in base Almaigne Fonteyncruyt The second is counted of some of the wryters in these dayes for a kinde of the herbe called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Millefolium Some call it in French Gyroflee d'eaue in Latine Viola palustris in base Almaigne Water Filieren in English Water Gillofer The thirde is called Morsus ranae that is to say Frogge bitte it hath none other Greeke nor Latin name that I know it is called in base Almaigne Vorschen Beet Cleyn plompen that is Paruam Nymphaeā or small Waterlyllie The water Lentyll is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Lens palustris or Lacustris in Shoppes Lenticula aquae in English water Lentils Duckes meate and Grayues in high Douch Meerlinsen in base Almaigne water Linsen and of some Eynde gruen The fifth whiche is like to Golde cuppe in his floure and seede seemeth in sight to be a kinde of Ranunculus or Crowfoote called in Greeke Polyanthemon Therefore it may be well called in Latine Polyanthenium palustre or Aquaticum in English white Crowfoote water Crowfoote in base Almaigne Witte or water Boterbloemen The Apothecaries of this time do call it Hepatica and Hepatica aquatica or Palustris And do very erroniously vse it for Hepatica †The Nature Pondeweede doth coole and so doth Frogge bitte and water Lentill or Grayues †The Vertues Pondeweede or water Spyke is good to be layde to rotten and consuming or fretting sores and to sores that runne in the legges if it be layde to with hony and vineger as Plinie saith The Decoction thereof boyled in wine is good to be dronken against the bloudy flixe and all other laskes and hath the vertue like Knotgrasse as Galen wryteth Water Lentils or Grayues mengled with fine wheaten floure and layde too preuayleth much against hoate swellings as Phlegmons Erisipeles and the paynes of the ioyntes The same doth also helpe the falling downe of the siege or Arsegut in yong children It is also good against the bursting of young children The three other kindes are not vsed in Medicine Of Alysson Chap. lxxij †The Description THe stem of this herbe is right straight parting it self at the top into three or foure smal branches The leaues be first round and after long whitish and rough or somewhat woolly in handling It bringeth foorth at the top of the branches little yellow floures afterward small rough whitish and flat huskes and almost round fasshioned lyke Bucklers wherein is conteyned a flat seede almost like to the seede of Castell or stocke Gillofers but greater †The Place Alysson as Dioscorides writeth groweth vpō rough mountaynes is not founde in this countrey but in the gardens of some Herboristes †The Tyme It floureth in this countrey in Iune and the seede is ripe in Iuly †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine also Alyssum this is Dioscorides Alysson for Alyssa of Galen and Plinie are vnlike to this of some late writers Lunaria maior This is the right Alysson of Dioscorides for the Alysson of Galen and Plinie is not like vnto this †The Nature Alysson is of a drying nature as Galen writeth Alysson †The Vertues Alysson dronken or holden to the Nose to smell at driueth away yexing or the Hicket The same taken with other meates cureth the rage or madnesse caused by the byting of a madde Dogge The same hanged in the house or at the gate or entry keepeth both man and beast from enchantments and witching Of Scabius Chap. lxxiij †The Kyndes THere are found in this coūtrey three kindes of Scabius like one to an other aswell in the floures as in the leaues Scabiosa Communis Scabius Scabiosae tertium genus Sheepes Scabius †The Description THe first kinde which is the most common the greatest at his first cōming vp his leaues be long and small of a grayishe hore colour and hearie spread abroade vpon the ground amongst the which springeth vp round and hearie shootes or stēmes bearing leaues very iagged of a hoare grayishe colour hearie also in fasshion somewhat like to the leaues of the great Valerian whiche we call Setwall At the toppe of the stalkes groweth blewish floures in thicke tuffets fasshioned like to
a littell flat rounde Hatte The roote is white long and single Of this sorte there is found an other kinde in all poyntes like to the aforesayde sauing that at euery head or knap there groweth in the steede of floures many other small knoppes or littell tuffets of floures hanging downe by long stemmes after the same manner as one may also sometimes see in some kindes of Daysies and Marigolds The second kinde of Scabious is the smallest or least amongst the kindes of Scabious no higher than ones hande much like vnto the great Scabious both in his leaues and floures sauing that it is smaller and the leaues be more deeper cut and iagged The third kinde is as it were a meane betwixte the other twayne smaller than the greatest and bigger than the smallest in floures much like the other twayne The leaues be long hearie and grayish snipt and cut rounde aboute but nothing so much or so deepely gaysht as the two others The roote is long and slender like the roote of the first and greatest Scabious There is also an herbe like vnto Scabious growing to the heigth of a foote half or two foote long with long narrow leaues like to the leaues of the greater Scabious or Diuels bitte the which be somwhat snipt and bluntly cut about the edges The stalkes or stemmes be round vpon the toppes whereof groweth small round knappes or bollines couered with scales like to the knops of blew Bottell or Cornefloure but much greater out of the middest wherof groweth purple hearie floures like to the middell parte of Cyanus or Blew bottell The roote is thicke shorte croked with many threedy strings †The Place The great Scabiouse and Iacea nigra do grow in medowes and pastures The smaller Scabious groweth in medowes and watery groundes that stande lowe Sheepes Scabiouse groweth in the fieldes and by the way sides †The Tyme They do all floure in Iune and Iuly Iacea nigra Materfilon or Knapweede †The Names These herbes were not described of the Auncient writers as far as I can learne and therfore they haue no Greeke nor Latine name to vs knowen The first is now called in Shoppes Scabiosa and of some 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in English Scabious in French Scabieuse in Douch Apostemkraut Pestemkraut and Grindtkraut in base Almaigne Scabiose The second is now called Scabiosa minor that is to say small Scabious The third is called in English Sheepes Scabious in French Scabieuse de brebis in base Almaigne Schaeps Scabiose The fourth is now called in Shoppes Iacea nigra and Materfilon and it hath none other name knowen vnto vs. †The Nature All the Scabiouses are hoate dry digesters diuiders of grosse humors †The Vertues Scabious boyled by it self or with his roote in wine or water and dronken doth clense the breast and the lunges and is good against an old Cough the impostems of the breast and all other inward partes as in the clensing ripping sodering healing of the same The same effect hath the Conserue made with the floures of Scabiouse and sugar to be vsed dayly Scabious is also good against all itch scuruinesse to be pound and layde to the same or to be mixte with oyles and oyntments fit for the same The lye wherin Scabious hath ben boyled or stiped doth clense the heare frō all bran or white scurffe whiche is small duste or scales which falleth from the head whan the head and heare is wasshed therewithall The Decoction of Iacea nigra gargeled or whan the mouth is often wasshed therewithall it doth waste consume the impostems of the mouth and throte that are yet fresh and new and doth ripe and breake them that be olde The small Scabious and the sheepes Scabious are not vsed in medicine Of Deuels bitte Chap. lxxiiij †The Description THe stalkes of Deuels bitte are round and of two or three foote lōg bearing broade leaues very little or nothing at al snipt about the edges The floures be of a darke purple colour sometimes white growing round thicke togither like the croppe or floure of Hoppes after the falling away whereof the seede is carried away with the winde The roote is blacke harde short thicke with many threddy strings by the sides the whiche in the middell or as it were about the hart of the same seemeth as it were bitten of †The Place Deuels bit groweth in dry medowes and woodes and about way sides †The Tyme This herbe floureth most cōmonly in August the which being in floure is easie to be knowen otherwise it is somewhat harde to be knowen bycause it doth resemble Scabious or Iacea nigra Morsus Diaboli †The Names It is called in Shops Morsus diaboli in English Deuels bit in French Mors de diable in high Douch Teuffels abbisz in base Almaigne Duyuels beet Of some late writers Succisa in Latine And it hath none other names whereby it is yet knowen †The Nature Deuels bitte is hoate and dry like vnto Scabious †The Vertues The decoctiō of Deuels bit with his roote boyled in wine drōken is good against al the diseases that Scabious serueth for also against the Pestilence The same decoction dissolueth clotted bloud in the body by meanes of any bruse or fall Diuels bitte fressh and greene gathered with his roote and floures pounde or stamped and layde to Carboncles Pestilential sores and Botches doth ripe and heale the same The decoction of the roote boyled in wine and dronken is good against the payne of the Matrix or Mother and against all poyson Of Scordium / or water Germander Chap. lxxv †The Description THis herbe hath square hearie or cottony stalkes creeping by the ground and set vpon euery side with softe crimpled and round whitish leaues nickt snipt roūd about the edges like a saw betwixt which and the stalke groweth littell purple floures like to the floures of dead Nettell but smaller The roote hath threedy strings creeping in the ground †The Place This herbe groweth in moyst medowes neare about diches is found in some partes of the countrey of Brabant †The Tyme Scordion floureth most commonly in Iune Iuly thā is the best gathering of it †The Names This herbe is called in Greeke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latine Scordiū Trixago palustris of some Mithridatium in high Douch wasser Batenig and of some Lachen Knoblauch in base Almaigne Water loock in English also Scordion water Germander †The Nature Scordion is hoate dry in the thirde degree Scordium †The Vertues Scordion drōken with wine openeth the stoppings of the Liuer the Milte the Kidneys the Bladder and the Matrix it prouoketh vrine and is good against the stoppings of vrine and strangury whan a man cannot pisse but drop after drop it moueth and prouoketh womens floures The same taken in manner aforesayde is good against the bitting of Serpents and