both blody flixes / other And the same is good for the blody isshue that weomen are som tyme vexed wyth all Of the herbe called Flax or line Linum FLax is an herbe wyth a small stalk / where vpon grow many smal leues / somthyng long sharpe at the ende It hath blue floures in the top of the stalk / and after that they be gone / ther come furth round knoppes / sauyng that ther is in the end a sharp thyng lyke a prick growyng out These knoppes or heades are called in Northumberland bowles / and wythin these heades are long flat sedes in color redishe / and eche sede is conteyned in hys proper cell diuyded from the rest The roote is very smal Flax which is called of the Northen men lynt / in Duche Flachs / in Frenche Du lyne / in Greke Linon / and in Latin Linum / groweth very plentuously in the North parte of England / and should grow as plentuously also in the South parte / if men regarded not more theyr priuat lucre then the kynges Lawes and the comen profit of the hole realm I haue sene flax or lynt growyng wilde in Sommerset shyre wythin a myle of Welles / but it hath fewer bowles in the top then the sowen flax hath / and a greate dele a longer stalk Whiche thynges are a sure token that flax would grow there if men would take the payn to sow it The vertues of Lint sede LYnt sede hath the same vertue that Fenegrek hath It scattereth abrode or dryueth away It softeneth any thyng that is inflāmed or very hote / hath any hardnes / whether it be with in / or wythout / if it be sodde wyth hony / oyl / and a litle water / or if it be put into sodden hony When it is raw / it taketh away the defautes of the face and frekles / and litle swellynges there / if it be layd to emplaster wyse wyth nitre or salpeter and asshes of a fygtre It dryueth away swellynges behinde the eares / hardnes rynnyng sores And if it be sodden wyth wyne it scoureth away rynnynge sores / whose matter is lyke hony It pulleth away roughe nayles with a like portione of cresses hony It draweth furth the diseases of the breste / if it be taken with hony in the maner of an electuari / it swageth the coughe If it be taken in a cake plentuously with peper / it will stirr men to generation of chylder The broth of lynt sede is good to be poured in / agaynst the gnawynges / and goyng of the skin both of the guttes also of the mother It bryngeth also furth the ordur or dung of the belly It is good for weomē to sit in water where in lynt sede is sodden against the inflammationes and hete of the mother / I haue red in a practicioner / that vj. vnces of lynt sede oyle a good remedy against the pestilence if it be dronken all at one tyme. In other practicioners I rede that the oyle of lint sede is good for to be dronken about the mesure of two or iij. vnces with barley water agaynst the pleuresi But let the oyle be freshe in anywyse / for if it be old / it is vnholsom / and not to be takē within the body Of Grummel or graymile Lithospermon LIthospermon is called of the commen herbaries and apothecaries milium solis / in Duch steinsamen / in Frenche gremil / and it should be called in English gray mile and not as it is now called grummell It is called milium of the herbaries / and in Frēche mil / and also in Englishe / because in forme and fasshō it is like the yelow sede / which is called in Latin milium / and it is called gray mil of the blewish gray color that it hath / to put a difference betwene it / and the other mile or millet The Duche men gyue the name of the hardnes of the sede which is lyke vnto a stone hardnes The description of Lithospermon out of Dioscorides LIthospermon hath leues lyke vnto an Oliue / but longer and broder and softer / namely they that come furth of the roote lye vpon the grounde The braūches are streyght / small / strōg and of the bygnes of a sharp rishe and woddishe And in the top of thē is ther a double furth growyng / or a double thyng growing out / and ech of thē is lyke a stalck / with long leues / and by them is there a stony sede / litle and rounde of the bygnes of Orobus It groweth in rough hygh places Matthiolus supposeth that Fuchsius doth not know the ryght Lithospermō of Dioscorides / because he setteth out / as he sayeth the lesse milium solis for Lithospermo As for my parte I grant that there groweth a better kynde of Lithospermon viij myles aboue Bōne in Germany in a wild countre called Kaltland / then thys cōmen Lithospermō called commenly miliū solis is But it had ben Matthiolisses deuty to haue proued by the description of Dioscorides or by some parte of it / at the lesse / that milium solis that Fuchsius setteth furth / is not the true Lithospermon / and then myght he haue layd ignorance vnto Euchsiusses charge the better But in my iudgemēt Matthiolus is more ignorāt of the true Lithospermy / then Fuchsius is for it that he setteth furth / doth nether agre with the descriptiō of Dioscoridis / nor yet of Pliny The herbe that Matthiolus setteth out he myght haue set out the best Lithospermon / and the hole perfit her be with all his partes / seyng that he maketh Lithospermon so commenly knowen vnto all men in Italy hath but two small stalkes where vpon the leues sedes grow / and they are set out / not streyght but crooked / and bowyng diuerse wayes Lithospermon of Dioscorides hath diuerse braūches that are ryght or streyght The two furth growynges that Dioscorides sayeth / are in the toppes of the braunches / can not be sene in it that Matthiolus setteth furth The leues of Lithospermon that Dioscorides describeth are longer broder then an Oliue tre leueis / namely they that are next vnto the grounde But the leues of it that Matthiolus setteth furth / semeth a lyke lōg and brode in all places of the stalck or twyg that they grow on / resemble very litle an Oliue lefe as any mā that knoweth an oliue lefe can bere witnes The Lithospermō of Dioscorides hath the sede in the top / fur Dioscorides saieth In ramulorum cacumine duplex est exortus cauliculo similis folijs longis inter quae paruum semen c. But the Lithospermō that Matthiolus paynteth hath the sedes euen from the root allmoste vnto the ouermost top of all Wherefore Matthiolus accusyng Fuchsius of an error / erreth in Lithospermo much more hys selfe If he say that he setteth furth Lithospermon Plinij / thē he
female growe in Germanye about Bon and Colon. Of Anagyris ANagyris groweth not in Englande that I wote of / but I haue sene it in Italye It may be called in English Beane trifolye / because the leaues growe thre together / and the sede is muche lyke a Beane Anagyris is a bushe lyke vnto a tree with leues and twigges / like vnto Agnus castus of Italy But the leaues are greater and shorter / and growe but thre together / where as Agnus hath euer fyue together / and excedinge stinkinge / wherevpon riseth the Prouerb / Praestat hanc Anagyrim noÌ„ attigisse It hath the floures lyke vnto kole It hath a fruyt in longe horned coddes / of the lykenes of a kidney / of diuerse coloures / firme and stronge / whiche when the grape is ripe wexeth harde The properties of Anagyris THE tender and yong leaues of this bushe broken and layd to lyke an emplaster / holdeth doune wyndye and louse swellinges If the byrth sticke faste / and the floures be stopped / or the secondes abyde behynde / they are dronken in the weight of a dramme in swete wine So are they also good for the head ake with wine They are also bounde to the weomen that haue an hard labour / but so that streyght waye after they be taken awaye The sede eaten / maketh one vomite sore Of Anchusa DIoscorides maketh thre kindes of Anchusa The fyrste kinde hath leues lyke vnto sharpe leaued Lettis / rough / sharpe / black / manye growynge on euerye syde harde by the ground / and full of prickes The roote is a finger thick / and it that commeth furth in summer / is of a sanguine coloure / it groweth in a ranke ground This kind groweth in many places of Germanye / and it is so like gardine buglosse / that a man can not lightelye discerne the one from the other / sauinge onelye by the roote which is very rede withoute / but not within It maye be called in English / as the Frenche men do / Orchanet or rede Buglosh The seconde kinde differeth in thys from the fyrst / that it hath lesse leaues / and sharpe lykewyse / small braunches comminge oute of the stalke it hath a purple floure turninge towarde cremesyne It hath reade rootes / and longe / whyche in the haruest tyme putteth furth a sanguine iuyce It groweth in sandye places Thys herbe is called in some places of Englande Cattes tayles / in other places wilde Buglosse It groweth in grauilly and sandy places / and in pittes / where as grauel is digged oute of The thyrde kinde is lyke vnto the seconde / but it hath a lesse fruyte or sede / and that of a Cremesine colour I do not remembre / that I haue sene thys kinde The vertues of the two former kindes THe fyrst kinde of Anchusa / is good with oyle and wexe against burning and old sores It heleth the outragious inflammation or hete that commeth of choler with barle mele / It is layd on with vinegre against lepres and foule scurfines The same put into a womannes mother / draweth out the byrth The broth of it is giuen for the disease of the kidnes and the miâ—te / and to them that haue the iaundis / and if the pacientes haue an ague / it must be taken with mede The leues dronken with wine / stop the belly The second is good against the bitinges of all serpentes / and especiallye against the biting of a Vepere Of Tutsan TVtsan as I do iudge is the herbe / whiche is called of Dioscorides Androsemon / and of oure Potecaries Agnus castus It semeth to haue had the name of Tutsan / because it heleth all And of Androsemon / because it hath iuice like vnto mannis blood Androsemon differeth from saint Iohns grasse / and from Asciro / called great saint Iohns grasse / in that it hath manye braunches / and it hath rede twigges and leues lyke Rue / but thrise or fourfolde greater / whiche broken / put furth a winishe iuyce / they haue in the toppe two and two leues euer comminge oute one agaynste an other / resemblinge a byrdes winges stretched furth / as when the byrde doeth flye where aboute there growe smal yelowe floures / and sede in litle knoppes like vnto the sede of black poppye / and it is notable wyth certayne small leues in it The small leues in the top broused or broken sauour lyke rosyne The vertues TVtsanes sede broken / and dronken in te quantite of two drammes / driueth out cholerike excrementes / it healeth most the Sciatica But after the purgation / the pacient must drinke water The herbe layed to burned places / healeth them / and stancheth blood in woundes And not onely the herbe doth thys / but also the wyne that the herbe is sodden in / as witnesseth Galene / which vnder the name of Androsemon / conteyneth in the booke of his simple medicines / Ascyron also Anemone The common Anemone MAtthiolus in his commentaries vpon Dioscorides hath set out two kindes of Anemonis / wherof nether kind that euer I could se / groweth in Germanye and England / nether in Italy that I remember Anemone hath the name in Greke of winde / because the floure neuer openeth it selfe / but when the winde bloweth The Herbaries therefore call the herbe commonlye taken for Anemone / though it be not the true herbe / but som bastard of it Herbam venti / the Duche meÌ„ call it Hacket craut / the Frenche men Coque lourdes and it maye be called in English Rose persely / because there groweth a floure like a single rose in the top of this herbe / which is very lyke Persely in the leaues that are aboute the rote / or it maye be called Wind floure It groweth in greate plenty about Bon in Germany / and about Oxford in EnglaÌ„d / as my frende Falconer tolde me Dioscorides writeth thus of Anemone There are two kindes of Anemone / The one is wilde and the other is tame / or of the gardeine Whereof are manye other vnder kindes / one that hath a Cremesin floure / and an other a whitishe or of the coloure of milke or purple The leaues are like CoriaÌ„der / with smaller cuttinges or indentinges / nere the ground the stalke is all downye and roughe and smalle / whereon growe floures lyke poppy / and the middes of the litle heades are blacke or blewe The rootes are of the bignes of an Oliue / or bigger / it is almost compassed about wyth smalle ioyntes with knoppes like knees The wilde Anemone in all pointes is greater then the tame / and hath broder and harder leaues / a longer head / and a Cremesin flower wyth manye small rotes It is more bytinge then it that hath the black leaues This description of both the kindes of Anemone proueth playnely that the common herba venti / and that the Anemone that Bockius setteth out / are not the righte
blaueole / or bleuet / some herbaries call it baptisecula / or blaptisecula / because it hurteth sicles / which were ones called of olde writers seculae Blewbottel groweth in the corne / it hath a stalke full of corners / a narrow and long leafe In the top of the stalke is a knoppy heade wherevpon growe blewe floures / about midsummer the chylder vse to make garlandes of the floure It groweth much amonge Rye / wherefore I thinke that good ry in an euell and vnseasonable yere doth go out of kinde in to this wede Thys kind and other which groweth only in Germany in gardines like vnto this / sauing in al pointes it is greater and namely in the leaues The Properties of Blewbottel BLewbottel is of a cold nature / for it sheweth no token of hete in it The later writers hold that this herbe is good for the inflammation of the eyes / and other partes / whiche are oute of tempre by the meanes of an inflammation / other properties haue I not read that blewbottel shoulde haue Of Sowesbreade Cyclamenus SOwesbread called in Greke Ciclaminos / is also in Latin Ciclaminus / rapum terre / vmbilicus terre / et panis porcinus / of some tuber terre / in Duche Sewbrodt / in French Pain de porceau / I haue not sene it in England / wherfore I knowe no vsual name for it / but least it should be nameles / if ether it shuld be brought in to England / or be found in anye place in England / I name it Sawesbread / or rape violet / because the floure is lyke a violet / and the roote is lyke a rape Dioscorides describeth Cyclaminum thus Cyclaminus hath leaues lyke vnto Iuy / purple / and of diuerse colours / wherein are vp doun somthinge whyte spottes / a stalke foure fingers long and bare / out of which come purple floures lyke roses / and a black roote / somthinge broade lyke vnto a rape I haue Cyclaminum both in Italy and also in Germany but there was great difference betwene them / for the Italian was thryse as big as the Duche was / and muche longer / and lyker vnto Iuy The Duche Cyclaminus according to his name / had leaues as round as Asarum hath / but muche lesse / and the floures drawe nerer the lykenes of a violet then a rose There are many deceyued in England / whiche abuse tryfling other herbes for Cyclamino / as Erthnut / and suche lyke which nether agree with Cyclamino in vertue / nether in description The vertues of Sowesbread THE roote of Sowbread dronken with mede made with hony and water / dryueth out beneth fleme and water / and ether dronken or layd to / it dryueth doune weomens natural sycknes It is perillous for weomen with chylde to go ouer this roote The same layd vnto a woman in a conueniēt place / helpeth her more spedely to bringe furth hyr byrth It is dronken agaynst dedlye venom with wine / and speciallye against the fishe / whiche is called in Latin Lepus marinus / that is to say / the sea hare It is also a remedy agaynst serpentes / if it be layd vnto the place If it be put in wine / it maketh a man dronken / it dryueth awaye the yelowe iaundies / taken in the weight of thre drammes with bastarde / or wel watered honied wine But he that shall drinke of this / must be in a warm house well couered with many clothes / that he may the better swete / for the sweat that cummeth furth / is of the color of gall The iuyce is put into the nose with hony to purge the head It is put in wol to the fundament / to driue furth the excrementes of the belly The same layd vpon the nauell / and the nether parte of the belly vnto the hockelbone / softeneth the belly The iuyce layd to with honye / helpeth the perle or haw of the eye / and the dulnes of sight The iuyce layd to the fundament with vinegre / restoreth it agayne to the naturall place / when it is fallen doune The roote is beaten / and a iuyce is taken out / and made with sething as thick as honye the roote scoureth and purgeth the color of the skin / it holdeth doune the bursting oute of wheles and it healeth woundes with vinegre by it selfe / or with hony If it be layd to after the maner of an emplaster to the milt / it will wast it away it amendeth the euell colored scurffines that is in the face / and fallinge of the heyre with the rede scalles It is also conuenient that membres out of ioynte and goute membres / the litle sores of the heade and kybes be bathed in the broth of thys roote The roote made hote in olde oyle / healeth vp sores / bringeth them to a scar / if that oyle be layd vpon them The roote made hollow / is filled with oyle / and set in hote asshes / somtyme a litle waxe put vnto it / that it maye come vnto the thicknes of an oyntment / is good for the kybes or moules The roote is slissed / and layd vp as scilla is Cyclamenum groweth much in shaddowy places / and moste vnder trees Of Dogges tonge ALthough Dioscorides writeth but of one kind of Dogges tonge / yet it is euident by Pliny that there are thre kindes of Dogges tonge For Dioscorides describeth his Dogges tonge to be withoute anye stalke / which kinde I could neuer se that I remembre in all my lyfe Matthiolus and Pliny describe two kindes / which both haue stalkes and sede / for he geueth stalkes and sedes vnto them in the xxv booke and viij chapter but the latter kinde that he speaketh of / semeth vnto me to be oure common Dogges tounge / for he sayeth thus Cynoglossa Est alia similis ei quae ferat lappas minutas / that is / There is an other lyke it which beareth also litle burres The common Cynoglossum hath longe leaues lyke vnto a Dogges tonge and a long stalke / in whose top are thre rough thinges that cleue vnto a mannes clothes ioyned altogether to a litle pricke / which is in the middes / the form of all together is lyke vnto a foure leued clauer with a pricke in the middes The roote is somthinge rede and long withal / and astringent This is thesame herbe which is called in Dioscorides Lycopsis / whose description is this Lycopsis hath leaues longer then lettes / rougher and broader / and thicke / fallinge downe agayne vnto the heade of the roote / a longe stalke / streight and roughe / with many to growers / a cubit longe / the floure is litle and purple The roote is rede and astringent / it groweth in playne groundes The vertues of Dogges tonge THE roote layd to with oyle / healeth woundes / with barly mele it healeth saint Antonies fyre the same if a man be anoynted with it
wilde organ or wild Merierum blacke and softe The sauoure is betwene Baum mint and Sage verye pleasant It is good for the same thinges / but it smyteth not vp in the nose It is mingled with emplasters and medicines / which are made against the bytinges of serpentes / and are called triacles Of the wilde Tasell Dipsacus Fullers tasil Dipsacus syluestris Wild tasel DIpsacos / called in Latin Labrum Veneris / that is Venus basin / because it holdeth alwayes water / it is called in English wild tasil / in Duche Karten distel / in Frenche Chardon or Carder It is named of the Potecaries Herbaries virga pastoris wild tasel is one of the pricky herbes It hath a hygh stalke / and full of prickes / and leues like lettes / ful of prickes two euer together which go about euery ioynte / and the leues are somthing long / and haue as it were certaine belles or swellinges lyke vnto the bublinges that rise in the water When it rayneth sore / in the middes of the back / both within withoute / they haue an holowe thinge at the cumminge out of the two leaues / whiche come one furth agaynst an other / wherein is gathered water both of the rayne and also of the dew and here vpon it is called dipsacos / that is thyrstye Oute of the top of the stalke groweth furth in euerye braunche a pricky head / sharpe / and somthinge long / and when it is wythered / it appereth whyte If ye cleue the head in the middes / ye shal finde a worme in it This description of Dioscorides agreeth also vnto our gardin tasel / which the fullers dresse their cloth with all The wilde tasel groweth commonly about diches and watery places / in the beginning of winter the Goldfinches vse muche to haunte this herbe for the sedes sake / wherof they are very desyrous the other groweth in gardins In the wild tasel is found a worme when the heade is full rype / which fisherers vse for a baite Besyde all other tokens and differences whereby these ij kindes do differ / is one that the prickes of the wild tasell growe not hokedly inward as the prickes of the other do The vertues of wild Tasel THE roote of wilde tasel soddē in wine / and brused whilse it be as thick as an emplaster / layd vpon the riftes and fistulas of the fundamente / healeth them This medicine ought to be kept in a boxe of copper It is also a good medicine for al kindes of wartes Some hold that the wormes whiche are found in the heade / hong ether aboute the necke or arme / heale the quartane ague Some vse to lay the water that is in the leues about the stalk vpon wartes Wild tasel as Galene writeth / dryeth in the second degre / it hath some vertue / or poure of scouringe Of Dragon Dragon Wild Dragon DIoscorides maketh but one kind of Dracunculus / which he calleth Dragontion / but Pliny maketh thre kindes of the same / in these wordes lib. 24. ca. 16. Id autem quod Graeci Dracontium vocant triplici effigie demonstratum mihi est folijs betae non sine thyrso c. It that Grecians call Dracontion / was shewed vnto me after thre diuerse likenesses / one with leues like a bete / not withoute a smoth stalk / and a purple floure / this is like vnto Aron An other shewed me one with a long roote like as it were marked and ful of ioyntes / and it had but iij. litle stalkes The third which was shewed me / had a greater leafe then the Cornel tree lefe is / with a roote lyke a rede and they sayd it had as many ioyntes in the roote / and as many leues / as it was yeares olde The firste kind that Pliny describeth / might seme to be our comon dragon / if that the leaues of oure dragon were not smaller / then the leaues of a Bete / wherevnto Pliny compareth the first kinde of Dracontion / but Pliny sayth that the firste kinde is lyke vnto Aron / for whiles the dragon is yet yonge / the leaue of it is verye lyke vnto the lefe of Aron Dioscorides also maketh Dragon lyke vnto Aron in the description of Aron Galene also writeth that Dragon is lyke Aron / both in lefe and roote / wherfore I doute not but that our common dragon is the true dragon Howebeit when the stalke is greate and redy / within a shorte whyle to bring furth the floure and fruyte the lefe that is in the top of the stalke / goeth awaye from the firste lykenes / and hath manye leaues together / but al ioyned together in one lefe / and not cumming furth of diuerse stalkes or braunches And most commonlye / one of the leues which is the ouermost / and as it were the maister lefe / doth somthing resemble an Iuye leafe The seconde kinde of Dragon that Plinye describeth / except my memoyre fayle me / I sawe it ones in the land of Drent / not far from Meppel in a marrish ground The thyrde kinde is now adayes well knowē / and it groweth in diuerse places of Germanye / where as it is called Klein schlangen kraut But I haue not sene it in England and therefore I knowe no common English name of it Howbeit / it maye be called in Englishe Water dragon Dioscorides describeth his Dragon thus Dragon hath a leafe lyke Iuy great and notable with whyte spottes / and a streyght stalke / two cubites long of diuers coloures / sprinkled with diuerse purple spottes / so that it doth resemble a serpent very nere / it is as thick as a staf The fruyte groweth after the maner of a cluster / in the top of the stalcke first grene and afterwarde reade / hote in taste and bytinge The roote is somthinge rounde / and hath a rounde heade lyke vnto Aron / couered with a thin filme or skin It groweth in darke and shadowy hedges Matthiolus maketh mention of an other kind of Dragon / whereof is no mention made in anye good textes of Dioscorides Neuerthelesse I thinke that it is a kind of Dragon / euen perteyning vnto it that Dioscorides writeth of Mathiolus also his selfe granteth that that chapter is set vnto Dioscorides by some other writer The vertues of Dragon out of Galene DRagon hath a certaine likenes vnto Aron / both in the lefe and also in the roote / but it is both more biting and bitterer then Aron is / and therfore is he hoter and of finer partes It hath also a certaine light astriction or binding / the whiche because it is ioyned with the other qualites that is sharpe and bitter / it must nedes be a stronge medicine for the roote purgeth all the inwarde partes / making thin and breakinge tough and gros humores / and it is a special good medicine against the almost incurable sore / called cocoeth It purgeth and scoureth awaye
the rote of this herbe is sodden / clengeth scowreth woundes / and namely fistulas and cankers / the same scowreth out foule spottes / if the face bewasshed dayly therwyth Of the herbe called Gingidion GIngidiō is a lytle herbe lyke vnto wilde carret / but smaller and bitterer / the roote is smalle / whitishe / and somwhat bytter / this is the fassion of Gingidiō / and the description of it after Dioscorides / Gingidion Cheruel Rewellius / Fuchsius / and Gesuerus / thre great learned men holde in ther bokes / that Gindion is the herbe which is commenly named of the commen arberies Cerefolium / in Englishe Cheruell / in Duche Keruel oder kerbel kraut / in Frēche Cerfuile How be it / I dare not geue sentence wyth them / bycause I can not fynde the bittenes and the astriction or byndynge in oure cheruel that Dioscorides and Galene require in theyr Gingidion How be it / the forme and fassion of the herbe it agreeth well jnough wyth the description of Gingidion Columella in his x. boke / whiche is de cultu hortorum / that is of the trimynge or dressinge of gardens in this verse Iam breue cherephylum torpenti grata palato Semeth to call that herbe cherefilon whiche the comē herbaries call cherephyllion / whiche is in Englishe our cheruell The vertues of Gingidion oute of Dioscorides THe leaues of Gingidion both raw and sodden / or kept in sucket or sauce is / good for the stomak / and they are good to prouoke vryne / the brothe of it droncken wyth wyne is good for the bladder The vertues of Charuell oute of the later wryters THe iuice of the herbe and the water whiche is stilled / if it be dronken / dissolueth and breaketh in sounder the blode whiche is runne together / ether by the reason of betinge or by a fall / the leaues of cheruel brused and layde to after the maner of an implaster / dryue awaye all swellynges and bruses that come of betinge or of falles / euen as the herbe called scala caeli doth Of Nigella Romana GIt / otherwyse called Melanthion / and also Melaspermon / is called in Englishe Nigella romana / as the apothecaries call it also / in Duche / Schwartz kummich / in Frenche Nielle Git hath small braunches / som tyme excedynge two spannis in lengh / it hath lytle leaues lyke grownsell / but muche smaller in the toppe of the herbe ther groweth a lytle thynne heade lyke vnto popy / but it is somthinge longe / there rynneth thorowgh the heade certayne fylmes Git or Nigella Romana or skynnes / wherin is conteyned a blacke seede sharpe and well smellinge All this description of Dioscorides agreeth well vnto oure Nigella romana / sauinge that ther is no suche lyknes betwene it grownsell / as Dioscorides semeth to make by comparynge of these two together / whiche two herbes nowe in oure tyme are vnlyke one to another / that no man will saye ther is any lyknes betwene them at all / wherfore it appereth that ether we haue not the same Git that Dioscorides hath sene in his tyme / or elles this worde Erigerōtos is put in Dioscorides Greke texte in the stede of som other worde How be it the properties of oure Nigella romana doth agree well wythe it the Dioscorides describeth / and therfore jow maye be bolde to vse it The vertues of Git or Nigella Romana NIgella Romana layde vnto a mans forhead / releaseth the heade ache / it helpeth blodshotten eyes / if the disease be not olde / if it be broken and put into the nosethrilles wyth the oyle of flour delice or Ireos It taketh away lepers / frekelles / hardnes and old swellinges / if it be layde to with vinegre The same layde to with stale pysse will take awaye aguayles that are scotched about after the maner of a circle The broth of it with vinegre is good for the tothe ache Anoynt the nauell wyth the water that this is sodden in / and it will dryue out the rounde wormes of the belly It heleth them that haue the pose / if ye breake it and laye it vnto your nose If it be taken many dayes together wyth wyne / it bryngeth downe flowres / and causeth a man make water better / draweth furth mylke into the brestes / and it is good for them that are short wynded A dram weyght of it / dronken wyth water / healeth the bytynges of the felde spyder The smoke of it / dryueth serpentes away Take hede that ye take not to muche of this herbe / for if ye go beyonde the mesure / it bryngeth deth Of Vuadde VVadde is called in Latin Glastū / in Greke Isatis / in Duche wayd or weyt / in Italien Guado / in Frenche Guesde Ther are two kyndes of wadde / the garden or sowen wadde / and the wilde or vnsowen Glastum VVadde wadde the diers occupy the garden wadde / or that kynd of wadde whiche is trimmed wyth mannes labor in dyenge of wull and clothe And it hath a leafe lyke vnto playntayne / but thicker / and blacker the stalke is more then two cubites longe / the wilde wadde is lyke the sowen wadde / and it hath greater banes lyke vnto Lettyce / small stalkes / and muche deuyded / some thynge redyshe / in whose toppe ther hang certayne vesselles / muche lyke vnto lytle tonges / wherin the seede is contayned / it hath a small yelow floure This herbe is called in Englande / new ashe of Ierusalē The former kynde groweth muche in the countrey of Iulyke / and in some places of Englande The wylde kynde groweth not in England that I know / sauynge onlye in gardens / but it groweth plenteouslye wythout anye sowynge in high Germany by the Renes syde Of the vertues of wadde DIoscorides / The leafes layde to after the maner of an emplaster / swage all kyndes of swellinge They ioyne together grene woundes / and stoppe the runnynge out of blod They heale saynt Antonies fyre / or cholerike inflamationes / consumynge sores / rottynge sores / that runne at large The wilde wadde both dronken layd to emplastre wyse / helpeth the milt Of Cottenwede Gnaphalium Cottenvvede DIoscorides sayeth that Gnaphalium hath lytle softe leaues / whiche some vse for downe or stuffinge of beddes / and other description of Gnaphaliū / can I nether fynde in Dioscorides nor Plinye / but I haue sene the herbe ofte in many places of Germany / in some places of Englande It is a short herbe not a spanne longe / at the fyrst sight it is lyke a braunche of rosamary / but that the leaues are broder whiter in that toppe is a small yeolowe floure the leaues / when they are dryed and broken / are almost nothinge els but a certayne downe / wherwyth because men in tymes past did stuffe pillowes quishions / it was called of the Latines Cētunculus /
and wine The broth that the herbe is sodden in / poured into lye and wyne / doth the same thinge This herbe giuen in / in meat vnto quales and cockes / maketh them fight more earnestlye / then they did before This herbe bringeth furth of the brest toughe and thicke humores Venus heyre is in meane tempre betwene hote and colde Mesue writeth / that the broth wherein is sodden a pound of this herbe bey … … e / purgeth yelow choler / and draweth furth fleme out of the hole bellye and liuer / and bringeth furth of the breste and lunges by spittinge / tongue and â—lammye humores Of the right Affodill ALbucum is called in Latine also Hastula regia and in Greke ἀσφόδηλος and it maye be called in English righte Affodill Howbeit / I could neuer se this herbe in England but ones / for the herbe that the people calleth here Affodill or Daffodill is a kind of Narassus The right Affodill hath a longe stalke a cubit loÌ„ge / and some thing longer / and manye white floures in the top / and not one alone as the kindes of Narcissus haue Theophrastus saith / that there groweth a worme in Affodilles / and that it groweth vnto a kind of flye / and fleeth out when the floure is ripe The sede is thresquare like bucke wheat or wheat / or beach aples / but it is blacker and harder / The leaues are longe as a great leke leaues are / and the rotes are manye together like acornes I haue sene this herbe oft in Italye and in certaine gardines of Anwerpe / and nowe I haue it in England in my gardine The vertues THE rotes of the right Affodill are bytinge sharpe / and do heate / and do prouoke vrine weomens floures A dram of the rotes dronken in wine / helpeth the paynes in the syde / bursten places and shronken together / and coughes The same taken in the quaÌ„tite of the vnder ankle bone / such as men play with / helpeth vomitinge if it be eaten Thre drammes weight of the same / is good for them that are bitten of a serpent Ye must anoynte the biting with the leaues / floures and rotes with wine / do so also to foule consuming sores The rootes sodden in the dregges of wine / are good for the inflammationes of the pappes and mennis stones / for swellinges and for biles It is also good for newe inflammations layd to with barly mele The iuyce of the rote sodden with olde swete wine / mirre saffron / is a good medicine for the eyes It is also good for matery eares / brused with frankinceÌ„se / honye / wine / and myrre / the same put into the contrary eare / swageth the tuthake The ashes of the roote layd to / maketh heyre growe agayn in a skalled head / oyle sodden in the fyre in the rotes made holow / is good for the kibes / or moules that are raw / for the burning of the fire poured into the eare / it is good for defenes The roote heleth white spottes in the fleshe If ye rub them first with a cloth / afterwardes lay the rote to them The sede and the floures dronken in wine / withstand wonderfully the poyson of Scolopendres and scorpiones / they purge also the belly Of Foxe tayle Alopecurus ALopecurus groweth not in England that euer I haue sene / but I haue sene it growe in Germany / but the fairest that euer I sawe / grewe in Italy The herbe is like vnto a short kind of corne / hath in the top of the strawe a great thick bushye eare ful of longe dounes / whiche is very lyke vnto a foxe tayle / wherof it hath the name in Greke I haue not read any thing worthy the wrytinge of this herbe / nether haue I harde of any man which had any experience in the nature of this herbe Of Garleke Allium Allium syluestre GArleke is called in Greke Skorodon in Duch Knoblouch / in French Aul or Aur. Ther are thre kindes of Garleke / the first is the common gardin garleke / the second is called in Greke Ophio skorodon in Latin Allium anguinuÌ„ or Allium syluestre in English crow garleke / or wild garleke This kind hath verye smal leaues / comminge furth lyke grene twigges / and they are commonly croked in at the ende / and when it is ripe / it hath sede in the top euen like vnto the cloues / which growe in the roote / but they are lesse The third kind is called in Latin Allium vrsinum in English Rammes or Ramseyes The firste kinde grow onlye in gardines in England / and the second groweth in middowes and feldes in euerye countrey / The thirde kinde groweth in woddes about Bath The vertues of Garleke GArleke warmeth the bodye / and breaketh insundre grosse humores / and cutteth in peces tough humores Garleke twise or thrise sodden in water / putteth awaye his sharpenes / and yet for al that it leseth not his vertues in making subtile and fine it that is grosse But it winneth thereby a certeyne 〈◊〉 / though it be not easy to be perceyued to norishe the bodye / which it had not before it was sodden Garleke is not only good meat / but also good medicine / for it can lose it that is stopped / and also Allium vrsinum dryue it awaye Garleke is of that kind of meates / which dryue furth winde / and ingendre no thyrst Craw garleke as all other wild herbes be / is stronger then it of the gardine Garleke dryueth out of the belye broad wormes taken with other meat / it prouoketh vrine / it helpeth the bytinge of a veper Both eaten and also layd to / it is good against the bitinges of mad or wod beastes It is also very good for the ieopardies that maye come of changinge of waters and countrees / it clereth the voyce and swageth the olde cough / taken rowe or sodden The same dronken with the broth of Organe / killeth lyse and nittes The ashes of burned garleke layd to with hony / healeth bruses and blew stripes folowinge of beting or fallinge / and with the ointment of Spiknarde It healeth the falling of the heyre / and with oyle and salt it heleth the burstinges out of wheles / and with honye it taketh awaye the scuruye euell / frekelles / runninge sores of the heade / and scurfe / and leprosies Garleke dryueth awaye with his smell serpentes and scorpiones It is medicinable against the poison of libardes bayne It draweth doune weomens sicknes and secondes with the perfume of it / and so doeth it / if they will sit ouer the broth that it is sodden in with herbes of like vertue Garleke sodden with milke / or broken / or mengled with soft chese / stancheth the fallinge doune of humores / called the catarre And so is it good against horsenes Thre litle cloues broken in vinegre
kindes of Anemone As the common herbe maye be a bastarde kinde of Anemone / and namelye of that / which hath 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 / that is / thin or small rootes and many / so it that Bockius setteth oute / semeth to me to be a kinde Papaueris erratici The vertues of Anemone THey haue both a bytinge and a sharpe qualite The iuyce of the roote of them / poured into ones nose / purgeth the heade The roote chewed in the mouth bringeth furth watery fleme The same sodden in swete wyne / and layd to / healeth the inflammations of the eyes and it healeth the scarres and dymnes of the same It scoureth awaye fylthye sores The leaues and stalkes / if they be eaten wyth a tysan / bringe milke to the brestes / and bringe doune a womannes sicknes / if they be layd to the place in woll If lepres be anointed therewith / it scoureth them awaye Of Dyll DYll is named in Greke Anethon / in Latin Anethum / in Duche Dyll / in Frenche Anet Dyll groweth a cubyt hyght / and some tyme halfe a cubyte hygher / It hath manye small braunches comminge furth of a greate stalke / wyth a verye small leafe and longe / muche lyke Greneheres / wyth a yelow floure / and a brode sede / wyth a spokye top as fenell hath / whome he doth represent wounders nere Of Dyll The vertues THe broth of the leaues and sede of dry Dyll dronkē / bringeth make to the brestes / it stauncheth gnawinges in the belly / and wind in the same It stoppeth also the belly and vomiting / it prouoketh vrine / swageth the hichkoke / dulleth the eye sight / and oft dronken stoppeth the sede It is good for wemen to sit ouer it in water / which haue the diseases of the mother The ashes of the sede of thys herbe layd to / after the maner of an emplaster / take awaye the hard lompes and knoppes that are aboute the fundament or in other places Dyll as Galene sayth swageth ake / prouoketh slepe when it is grene / and maketh rype rawe humores The oyle that is made of Dill / is good to be gyuen vnto them that are werye in winter / for it softeneth and moysteth / and it is good for them that are sycke of an ague that commeth of smal fleme / and for all diseases that come of a colde cause Dyll is hote in the beginning of the fyrste degree / and drye in the beginninge of the seconde Of Anyse ANyse is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Latin Anisum / in Duche Aniß / in Frenche Anise The lefe of Anise / when it commeth fyrst furth / is round / and indented about / afterward it is lyke vnto Parsely / hygh vp in the stalke / it hath a floure and a top lyke fenell / it groweth onely in gardins in England Galene sayeth that Anyse is hote and drye in the thyrde degree but thys that we vse / is not so hote wherefore I suspect that there is a better kinde / then is commonly brought vnto vs to be solde Howbeit in the meane season we must vse thys / which appeareth to me scarsely hote in the beginning of the second degree The vertues of Anyse ANyse heteth and drieth / maketh the breth sweter / swageth payne / maketh a man to pisse well / it quencheth the thurst of them that haue the dropsye It is good against the poyson of bestes / and agaynst winde It stoppeth the bellye and the whyt floures / it bringeth milke to the toppes / it stirreth men to the pleasure of the bodye / it swageth the hede ake / the smoke of it taken in at the nose / the same poured into the broken eares with rose oyle / heleth them The best is it that is newe / not full of drosse / but well smelling The best commeth out of Candye / and the next is brought out of Egypte Of Pety whine Anonis Pety whine PEtye whine / or ground whine / or litle whine is called in Latin and Greke Ononis and Anonis It is called of the common herbaries Resta bouis / Remora aratriacutella / of the Duch Stall kraut / or Hawhekel / of the Frenche Burgraues In Cambridge shyre this herbe is called a Whine / but I putt pety to it / to make difference betwene this herbe / and a fur whiche in manye places of Englande is also called a Whine Petye Whine hath busshye stalkes of a span length / and longer with manye ioyntes lyke knees wyth manye holow places / betwene the leues and stalke like arme holes / wyth litle round heades and litle leaues / thinne as Lentilles be / drawinge nere in lykenes vnto the leues of Rue or of wilde Melliote / some thinge rough / and not wythout a good sauoure It is layd vp in bryne / before it hath prickes / and is afterwarde good for meate The braunches are full of sharpe and stronge prickes The roote is whyte and hote / and suche as is able to make humours thinne that are thicke The vertues THE barke of the rootes of grounde whyn / dronken wyth wyne / prouoketh vrine / and breaketh the stone it byteth awaye the vtter moste cruftes of sores / and the broth of the same in vinegre and honye / swageth teth ake / if the teth be wasshed therewyth The roote of thys herbe / is in a maner hote in the thyrd degree / after the minde of Galene / in the boke of Simple medicines Of Camomyle Anthemis ANthemis / otherwyse called Chamemelū / conteyneth vnder it thre kindes / whiche onelye differ in the colour of the floure The braunches are a span longe / all bushye with manye places lyke arme holes / betwene the stalke and the braunches / The braunches are thinne / small and many / the litle hedes are round with yellow floures in the middes / and aboute that rounde head ether whyte floures stand in order or purple or yelow / about the greatnes of the leaues of Rue The fyrste kinde of Camomille is called in Greke Lecanthemon / in Englishe Camomyle / in Duche Romisch Camillen The Pothecaries in Germanye call this kinde Chamomillam Romanam This herbe is scarse in Germanye / but in Englande it is so plentuous / that it groweth not onelye in Gardines / but also eyght myle aboue London / it groweth in the wilde felde / in Richmonde grene / in Brantfurd grene / and in most plenty of all / in Hunsley heth The second kind is called in Greke Chrysantemon I haue sene this herbe in hygh Germany in the feldes / but neuer in Englande that I remembre It maye be called in English / yelow Camomille The thyrde kinde is called in Greke Heranthemon Diuerse thinke / that Heranthemon is the herbe / whiche is called of the Herbaries Amarisca rubra / and of oure Countre men / Rede math / or Red madewede The thing that semeth to let this herbe to be
Heranthemon / is this It hath not a yelowe heade or knop / which is compassed about with purple floures / as the other kindes haue yelowe knoppes set about / one with whyte floures / and the other with yelow / but the head or knop of this herbe / is nothinge like the knoppes of the other / nether in greatnes / nether in forme / nor yet in colour and the sede is as great as Spinache sede is / but without prickes / in manye other poyntes it agreeth with the description The leues are very smalle / but the floures are cremesin / and they should be purple Heranthemon hath the name / because it floureth in the Springe Thys haue I written of this herbe / that learned men should searche more diligentlye for it / which is the true Heranthemon Matthiolus writeth that the Apothecaries of Italy onelye knowe that kinde of Chamomill / which hath whitishe leues round about the yelow knop in the head of the stalke / and sayth that he hath oft tymes sene both the other two kindes But it is like that he knoweth none of them all / for it that he set teth furth with the white floures / semeth by hys playinge of it to be Cotula non fetida / and not the right Camomile For the right Camomille groweth not in the corne / but in roughe places and besyde hyghe wayes / as Dioscorides writeth / and experience hath taught them that knowe the righte herbe It is also like if he be not an vnkinde man / seynge Heranthemon is knowen almost to no man in Europa / that he wolde haue as well set fourth the figure of it / as he hath frelye and honestlye done in other straunge herbes which haue bene vnknowen vnto the most parte euen of the learned sorte / or at the leaste / if he coulde not haue come by the herbe grene / that he might haue caused it to be paynted / he woulde ether haue described it / or ellis haue tolde vs the Italian name / or the common name of the Herbaries or of the Apothecaries / that thereby the ignorant might haue cummed to the knowledge of it / inquiring for it by some of the names which he had knowen to be named by Amatus Lusitanus which taketh vpon him to teache Spanyardes / Italians / Frenche men / and Germanes / the name of Herbes in their tonges / writeth that Camomile is commonlye knowen / and that the Camomille wyth the yelowe floures is gessen / but he nether describeth it nor gyueth it anye name / And of the other he maketh no mention at al. Wherefore it is lyke that he knoweth nether of both Wherefore he had done better to haue sayde / I do knowe nether of both / then thus shortely to passe by them The operation of Chamomille CHamomille is hote and drye in the fyrste degre Chamomyle in subtilnes is lyke the rose / but in heate it draweth more nere the qualite of oyle / whyche is verye agreynge vnto the nature of man / and temperate Therefore it is good agaynst werynes / it swageth ake / and vnbindeth and louseth it that is stretched oute / softeneth it that is but measurably harde / and setteth it abroad / that was narrowly thrust together It dryueth awaye / and dissolueth agues / which come not with an inflammation of any inwarde parte / and speciallye suche as come of cholerike humores / and of the thycknes of the skin Wherefore thys herbe was consecrated of the wyse men of Egypt vnto the sonne / and was rekened to be the only remedy of all agues But in that they were deceyued / for it can onely heale those agues that I rehersed / and those when as they be rype Howbeit / it helpeth in dede verye well / also all other which come of melancholy or of fleme / or of the inflammation of some inward parte For Camomyle is the strongest remedye / when it is giuen after that the matter is ripe Therefore it is most conuenient for the midriffe / and for the paynes vnder the pappes / whether the herbe be sodden or sitten ouer / or be dronken It driueth doune weomens sycknes / bringeth furth the byrth / prouoketh vrine / and dryueth out the stone It is good to be dronken agaynst the gnawyng and windye swellinge of the smalle guttes / it purgeth awaye the yelowe iaundis It healeth the disease of the lyuer / it is good for the bladder to be bathed wyth the broth of thys herbe Of all the kindes of Camomyle / that kind with the purple floures is strongest they with the yelow and whyte floure / do more prouoke vrine They heale also laid to emplaster wyse / the impostem that is about the corner of the eye Thesame chewed / heale the sores of the mouth Antirrhinum THE herbe whyche Dioscorides and Plinye call Antirrhinum / Theophrastus calleth Antirrhizum / for he describeth his Antirrhizum thus It is like vnto Gooshareth / called Aparine with a very litle roote / and almoost none It hath a fruit lyke vnto a calfes snoute But as Dioscorides agreeth wyth Plinye in the name of thys herbe / so doth he in the description of the same / differ both from Pliny and Theophrastus also For Plinye geueth the leues of Line / or flackes vnto Antirrhinum / and Dioscorides describeth hys Antirrhinum with leaues like vnto Pimpernel His wordes are these Antirrhinum is an herbe like vnto Pimpernel / both in leues and also in stalke the floures are purple like vnto Leucoion or viole albe / but lesse wherfore it is called wyld Lichnis / it hath a fruyte like vnto a calfys snowt The herbe / which is described of Pliny / groweth much in England in the corne feldes / and in fallowed landes at the fyrst syght it appereth like vnto Cocle in the floure / and partly in the colour of the lefe / which is bygger and longer then flaxe leues be / but not vnlyke them in figure This herbe maye be called in English Calfes snowte But Antirrhinum that Dioscorides describeth / groweth not in England / that euer I sawe For it that was sent me out of Italy / for Antirrhinū Dioscoridis / hath not purple floures / but yelow much lyke vnto the floures of Osyris The floures before they open / are like purple in dede but not afterwarde / for then are they fayer yelow / the stalke also is rounde / and not foursquared the buddes out of which the leues come / the fruite both / do wonderfully nere resemble a Calfys snowte The leues in dede are lyke vnto the leues of Pimpernel / but much greater Therfore as yet I haue sene no herbe wher vnto the description of Dioscorides agreeth / nether yet anye that the description of Theophrast doth agree with Amatus Lusitanus writeteth that Antirrhinō is called in Duche Orant / but Orant / as it is plaine by the description of Tragus is our we le /
purposes it is good to be bathed with the broth of the same It is good for women to sit ouer this herbe / to bringe doune their floures It is good that the aking teth should be washed with the same herbe This herbe is also good to be put into Clisteres agaynst the bloodye flixe The leaues with Salpeter in drinke / helpe the strangling that commeth of Todstolles / wyth honye in an electuary / it is good for the gnawinge in the bellye / and for the shortwinded / and if it be layde to wyth salt / it driueth awaye wennes and hard keruelles it scoureth sores / and if it be layd to / it swageth the paynes of the ioyntes The common baume that is commonly vsed in England / is but a bastarde kinde / and the true baume groweth in manye gardines in Germany / but I haue not sene it in England / that I remembre It maye be called in English / Baum gentle Of Arbutus leafe with the braunche / as the quicken trees leaues are Dioscorides describeth the Arbut tree after this maner Comaros called in Latin Arbutus / or Vnedo / is a tree lyke vnto a Quince tree / hauing thinne leaues with a fruyt of the greatnes of a Plumme / without anye keruell When it is rype / it is ether yelowe or rede Pliny describeth the Arbut tre after this maner Strawberyes that growe one the grounde / haue an other kinde of bodye then the Arbut berryes haue / which are like in kinde with the other / which groweth on the tree / called in Latin Vnedo / which onely fruyte is lyke vnto the fruyt of the earth The tree it selfe is thick and bushy The fruyt is rype in a yeare / and it that groweth in vnder bloometh / and the other that is elder / waxeth ripe in the tree at one tyme. It is a fruyt of small honor / and therevpon hath the name / that it bringeth furth but one alone by it selfe Yet do the Grecianes geue two names vnto it / Comaron / and Memekylon Wherevpon it doth appeare that there are so manye kindes wyth vs. This is called in an other name in Latin Arbutus Ouide also ioyned tree Strawberry / and ground Strawberry together in these wordes Arbuteos fructus montanaque fraga legebat Theophrastus giueth vnto hys Arbuto a leafe betwene Ilicem and Laurū / as the leafe of the tree hath / whose figure I set furth And Dioscorides semeth to geue vnto his Arbuto the likenes of a Quince tree / wherefore this tree that I set furth / agreeth better with the description of Theophrast / then with Dioscorides / except Dioscorides in comparing Arbutum to a Quince tree / meane not of the leaues / but of the fashion of the tree and maner of growing of it The Properties GOod properties / that I knowe of / this fruyte hath none / but that it delyteth some men for the diuersyte / for it is euell for the stomache / and ingendreth the head ake Of Aristolochia Aristolochia rotunda Aristolochia longa ARistolochia is a Greke name / and is so called / because it is very good for weomen / that labour of childe The Latines vse the same name / the Germanes call Aristolochia in their tonge / Osterlacye Dioscorides maketh thre kindes of Aristolochia / the fyrst is called Aristolochia rotunda / and this is the female The Potecaries both in Germany and in Englād haue abused in the steade of the true Aristolochia rotunda / capnophragmite / mētioned in Pliny / which is very well called of the Germanes holwurtz / because the rote is holow But they haue erred far for this Holwurt is nothing agreyng with the description of Aristolochia rotunda / for Aristolochia rotunda hath leaues lyke Yuy / and a good sauour with some sharpenes / somthinge round and soft It hath many twigges / cōming furth of one roote / longe braunches and whyte floures / representing litle cappes / wherein is a read thinge that sauoreth euell the roote is roundaboute lyke vnto a rape roote The leaues of Holwurtes / which is their Aristolochia rotunda / are cut and far in indented / and very lyke vnto our gardine Rue / but the leues of our gardine Rue / are not lyke vnto Yuy leues therfore this Holwurt of theirs / is not Aristolochia rotunda of Dioscorides I haue sene this Aristolochia rotunda diuerse tymes it hath the same sauour and taste / that the other Aristolochia / whiche is called longa but this hath a round roote / but here and there appeare out certayne vnequall corners It maye be called in English round hart wurt / because the leaues represent a painted harte / or round byrthwurte because it helpeth women to bringe furth their byrth The seconde kinde of Aristolochia / is called Aristolochia longa / whiche hath a leafe some thinge longer then the former kinde hath it hath litle braunches of a span long / a purple floure of a stinking sauour / out wherof commeth a fruyte lyke vnto a peare but black and al full of sedes in figure thre square / the rootes are a finger bigge / and a span long / and somthinge longer Thys kinde groweth plentuouslye besyde Lake de come in the vineyardes wallis it groweth also besyde Bon about the vineyardes by the Rhynsyde / of iche syde of the hygh way / but I could neuer se the fruytes so perfyt in Germany / as I dyd in Italy this maye be called in English Long hartwurt / or long byrthwurte The thyrde kinde of Aristolochia is called Clematitis / because it hath long smal braunches like a vinde / it hath leaues some thing round / lyke vnto stone crop / and floures like vnto Rue / longer rootes / small wyth a thicke barke which hath a good sauour I did se suche a kinde as this at Basell / whose leaues are lesse then all the other kindes / but yet they were so great and vnlike vnto a stonecrop / that I dare not playnely determe / that it was the right Clematitis Matthiolus writeth that Pliny and Leonicemus do erre / because they saye that Aristolochia hath the name / because that it is good for weomen with chyld / when as Dioscorides writeth that it hath the name / because it is good for weomen that are in labor Because Pliny and Leonicemus are dead / and cā not aunswer for thē selfes / I aunswer that their error is not so great as Matthiolus maketh it / if he could be contēt to interprete gently their worde as they meant by it / for it is out of all dout / that they knewe it as well as Matthiolus / that Aristolochia was euell for weomen with child / except the tyme of byrth were cummed / for they knew both the Greke tonge as well as Matthiolus doth Therfore it is out of dout that they meant / when they sayd it is good for weomen with child / that it was good for
whereof Gotes beard hath the name Let vs rede as Theophrastus doth Out of the top commeth a hore whyte bearde / wherevpon it is called Gotes bearde These be the wordes of Theophrastus The herbe which we call Goates bearde / in barone places hath but a shorte stalke / but in gardines and in ranke meddoes / it hath a longe stalke and full of ioyntes lyke knees Aboute London I haue sene in the felde thys herbe wyth a swete roote and wyth black sede and a yelowe floure / and after the floure is gone wyth a great deale of long whyte doune lyke tuftes of whyte heyre / but about Colon I sawe it which had whyte sede and a bitter roote all full of milke as in other places it doth appere Matthiolus marueyleth that the herbe nowe taken of vs for Tragopogon / is thought of Hermolaus Barbarus / nether to be the righte Tragopogon of Theophrastus or of Dioscorides Surelye I thynke that it chaunsed vnto Hermolaus as it chaunsed vnto me For I sawe diuerse tymes an herbe / that in all other poyntes dyd agree well wyth the description of Tragopogon / sauinge that the herbe alwaye had a bitter roote / whyche thinge made me still to iudge / that the herbe was not the righte Tragopogon / vntill I found an herbe with the same figure and fashion in all thinges lyke the other with a swete roote And so I thynke that Hermolaus therefore denied that thys herbe was the right Tragopogon / because he coulde neuer fynde anye with a swete roote An other cause might be that he sawe the leaues of oure Tragopogon muche greater then the leaues of Safron But Dioscorides looked not vnto the smallnes of the Safron leaues / but to the figure and whytishe list or lyne / that goeth quite thorowe the middes of the Saffron leafe In whiche two thinges the leaues of Tragopogon / and the leaues of Safron are very lyke I merueyle much when as both Theophrast and Dioscorides write / that Tragopogon hath longe rootes / that contrary vnto the open textes and mindes of these noble writers / that Amatus Lusitanus dare be so bolde / as to gyue round knoppy rootes after the maner of Bulbus / or of Ascalion / but somethinge longe vnto Tragopogon / and sayth that the rootes are of the bignes of an Hasel nutt / and that the boyes of Spayne of the lykenes / that they haue wyth a nutt / call them nozella I haue sene thre sundry sortes of Tragopogon / one sorte with a blewishe purple floure / which is called in the West parte of Englande / Starre of Hierusalem / because whilse the Sunne shyneth it openeth / and when it is vnder a clud / the floure shitteth to close agayne I knowe also two sortes wyth a yelowe floure / the one with a swete roote / and the other with a bitter roote / and full of milke All these thre sortes had longe rootes when I sawe them / and I could neuer se anye suche rounde thinge in the roote / that was lyke vnto a nut or a oynion Wherefore Amatus in the roote of this herbe is both contrary to the autorite of learned men / and to experience The Vertues of Bockes bearde DIoscorides wryteth nomore of Bockes bearde / but that it is good to eate / the newer writers saye that it is good for the diseases of the breste and liuer / for the paynes in the kidnes and bladder / and for the ache in the syde / whē it commeth first furth of the grounde / the tender buddes are good and pleasant in a sallat / and so are also the tendre stalkes a great whyle after / till the knop in the toppe comme furth The leaues are not vnpleasant afterwarde both in sallat and in potage Thys herbe semeth to be of a temperate warmnes Matthiolus writeth that both the iuyce and the water of thys herbe healeth / and bindeth vp newe and freshe woundes Of the Dasey Bellis syiluestris A Dasey is called in Latin Bellis / in Duche Kleintzitlosten / or Monathblumle / in French des margarites pasquetes / of the Herbaries Consolida minor or primula veris. There are two kindes of Dases / one with a reed floure which groweth in the gardines / and another whiche groweth abroade in euerye grene and hygh way The Northren men call this herbe a Banwurt / because it helpeth bones to knyt agayne The lefe of the Dasey is some thinge longe / and toward the ende round / ther are smal nickes in the borders or edges of the leaues Pliny writeth that the Dasey hath 53. and somtyme 55. litle whyte leues whiche go about the yelow knop it appereth that the double Daseys were not founde in Plinies tyme / which haue a great dele mo then Pliny maketh mention of Bellis minor syluestris The vertues of Daseyes PLiny writeth that this herbe dryueth awaye great swellinges and wennes The common Surgeans vse thys herbe much in healinge woundes / wherefore they call it Consolida minorē / diuerse gyue this herbe in drinke vnto their paciētes that are wounded / do them much good The later writers holde also that the iuyce of this herbe is good for the palsey / for the Gout for the Sciatica Thys haue I proued that the iuyce of the rede gardine Dasey / put into a mans nose / draweth out water wonderfully out of the heade / wherby it can not be called a herbe after the doctrine of Galene Of Betes BEta is named in Greke Teutlon or Seutlon / in English a Bete / in Duche Mangolt / in Frēche Porree / or Iotte Betes haue a stalke full of Crestes and corneres of two cubites heyght / a leafe lyke Areche or Lett es / smal yelow floures / and a longe roote whiche hath many small stringes like small thredes comming furth of it There are two kindes of Betes / the whyte Bete / which is also called Sicula / and black Betes / called in Latin Beta nigra Beta nigra Beta candida The Vertues of Betes THE blacke Bete is sodden wyth Lentilles to stoppe the bellye wythall / whiche thinge is soune broughte to passe with the roote The whyte Bete is good for the bellye / but they haue both an euell iuice / by the reason nitrosyte or bitter saltishnes whiche they haue of their like vnto saltpeter wherefore their iuyce poured into a mannes nose with honye / purgeth the head / and it healeth the paine in the eares The broth of the roote and leaues / scoureth awaye scurfe and scales / and nettes out of the head It swageth the paines of the moulled or kibed heles Thesame helpeth frekelles and spottes / if they be rubbed ouer before with saltpeter naturall So it helpeth the voyde places / whiche the falling of the heyre make / if they be stirred vp with a knyfe It helpeth runninge sores / whiche spred abroade and waste vp the fleshe as they
Cicuta / to whom I aunswere / that al herbes haue not like vertues in all places / for Aron in some places is eaten / and in other it is so sharpe that it can not be eaten as Galene sayth in his boke de facultatibus alimentorum Helleborus is not alwayes a lyke good in euerye place as Dioscorides writeth / and Theophrastus writing of Cicuta / sheweth that in some places Cicuta is much stronger then in other som Cicuta is strongest in susis / and in al colde and shadowy places Therfore if it haue not al the hole strenght that it hath in Susis / yet it ought not therfore to be iudged for any other herbe then Cicuta Howebeit this same / if that it were ordered as I knowe howe that it mighte be ordered / it wold do harme more then inough Plinye also writeth that in some places men vse to eate the yong stalkes of Homlokes in sallates But I wil counsel no man to do so / for feare of it that maye folowe The Properties of Homloke IF that anye man be afrayd that he hath eaten or dronken Homloke / let him drinke pure hote wine / whiche is not to subtile The maner of kepinge of the iuyce of Homloke / is this Take the toppes of Homloke / before the sedes and leaues wexe harde / and bruse them / and presse out the iuyce / and set it in the sunne / and let it harden with sunne / and when it is harde / laye it vp and vse it This is good to put vnto eye medicines / to quenche the ache withal It quencheth the outragious hete / called saint Antonis fyre / and runninge sores whiche sprede abroade very muche The herbe wyth the leaues broken and layd vnto a mannes stones / stauncheth the imaginations dreaming of the bodely pleasur / which chanse vpon the night but it febleth the member of generation The same layd vpon a lately delyuered womannes pappes / wasteth awaye the milke / and if it be layde vpon maydens brestes in the tyme of their virginite / it holdeth them doune / and suffereth them not to growe Homloke of Candye is of moste strength / and it of Magara / after them it of Athenes / and they that growe in Cio and in Cilicia Of the Sea gyrdel ALga which is a common name vnto a greate parte of Sea herbes / and is commonly called in English / Sea wrack / and in Greke phycos / is deuided into diuers kindes / and euerye one hath a sondry forme from another Virgil maketh mention of Alga / where he sayeth Proiecta vilior alga Viler thē the cast out Seawrak Among all other kindes Theophrastus describeth one after this maner There is a certeyne kinde of Seawrake with a broade leafe / of a grene color / to the whiche some gyue the name of a leeke / other call this gyrdel The roote is rough / and without it is ful of scales / within verye longe and thicke / and not vnlyke vnto the herbe called syue onyon This kinde maye well be called in English Sea gyrdel / it is called in Latin cingulum / and in Greke Zoster Thys herbe is plenteously sene in Purbek by the sea syde / after a great tempest hath ben in the Sea / which commonly louseth such sea herbes / and dryueth them vnto the syde Dioscorides maketh thre kindes of Fucus or Sea wrake / one broade / and other kinde longe and rede / the thyrde kind whyte / I saw the Sea gyrdel this year in Iuly with all the properties that Theophrastus requireth in his Sea gyrdel in the forsayd place / the rootes was lyke vnto Garleke / manye chyues makinge one great heade / and the lenes had the forme of a leke / but they were a fadom longe The Properties of Sea wrake DIoscorides writeth that all the kindes of Sea wrake do coole / and helpe not only the goute / but also hote burninges / called inflammations If they be layde vnto the places greued / yet grene and moyste after the maner of an emplaster In the Bishopriche of Durram / the housband men of the countre that dwel by the Sea syde / vse to fate their lande with Sea wrake Of Cirsion / called Langue de befe CIrsium / called in Greke Kirsion as Dioscorides writeth / is a tender stalke of two cubites longe / and thresquared / the litle leaues that come out beneth / resemble in lykenes a rose / the corneres are full of prickes / and it is soft in the spaces that are betwene The leaues are lyke vnto the leues of Buglossum / mesurable rough and longer / whyte in vnder / full of prickes in the extremities or edges The top of the stalke is rounde about and rough / and in that are purple heades which wast awaye into doune at the length / Pliny describeth Cirsion thus Cirsion is a tender litle stalke of two cubites longe lyke vnto a triangle compassed about with prickye leaues The prickes are soft / the leues are lyke vnto oxe tonge / but lesse / whyte in vnder / and in the top are purple heades / which consume into downe We haue no herbe in England that I knowe / to whom al this hole description doth agree They do not agree vnto oure common Buglosse / for besyde that the floure is not resolued into downe / the order of prickes in the leafe doth not agre I knowe no herbe in Englande wherevnto these descriptions do agre better / then vnto oure Langue de befe Howbeit / it wanteth certain tokens / that the description doth require / that is purple floures / for oures hath yellowe floures / and a thresquared stalke / and as some recken that the leues that are vndermoste / resemble not a rose As for the color of the floure / I passe not so muche of / seynge that it is consumed into a down / for I knowe manye herbes whiche by nature should haue blewe floures / and yet haue whyte floures / as Cichory violettes and Borage As for the thresquared stalke / it maye be so that at some tyme of the growing / it hath a thresquared stalke which Dioscorides hath marked / and not many other / or it maye be thresquared / where as Dioscorides hath sene it / and not here in England / as haue marked in our English Ebulo in Cambridge shyre / that the stalke was rounde and not foursquare / which thinge Dioscorides requireth in his countre Ebulo Dioscorides doth also require in his Elder purple blackish berryes / yet all the Elder berries whiche I sawe in the alpes and in Retia / were as rede as scarlat Dioscorides requireth in his lesse Centory creme sin floures turning into purple / I haue sene an hole felde full of whyte Centory Then where as all the other properties and tokens do agree / and no other kinde can be founde here so lyke Cirsion as this herbe is I reken that
Clinopodium after this maner Clinopodium is lyke vnto wilde Tyme / full of braunches a spanne longe It groweth in stonye places / and with the rounde circle of floures / whyche go aboute the litle braunches / it resembleth Bedfete Dioscorides and Plinye differ somethinge in the length of this herbe / as they differ in the lenghte of Ornithogalon For Dioscorides maketh thys herbe to be two spannes long / sayinge Thamnion esti dispithamon And Plinye maketh it to be but one spanne longe I haue sene this herbe diuerse tymes growynge in Germanye fyrste in the walles of Colon / harde by the Rene / and afterwardes in great plentye aboue Bonne by the Ryne syde amonge stones But I neuer sawe it aboue a spanne longe Wherefore the lenght maye seme to hinder it to be Dioscorides Clinopodium / but no other parte of the description Yet if it maye not be Clinopodium Dioscoridis / it maye be right well Clinopodium Plinij Besyde the tokens that Dioscorides and Pliny marke in thys herbe / I marke that it hath fouresquared braunches and somethinge rough / and the floures are purple wyth a certayne whytishnesse The greatest leaues haue a litle indentinge aboute the edges / but not verye thick / nor orderlye set together I found this herbe of late right ouer against Sion The herbe that Matthiolus setteth furth for Clinopodium / is the firste kinde of Calamint / for it hath leaues lyke vnto Basill / whyte vnder / squared stalkes / and a purple floure / and commonly groweth in mountaynes But it is not Clinopodium / for it hath not leaues lyke vnto Serpillo / as hys figure of Serpilli wil proue / if it be looked vpon Matthiolus sayth also / that his herbe is not onlye lyke vnto Serpillo / but also vnto Calaminte montane Whyche saynge can not be true / for Calaminta montana / which hath leaues lyke vnto Basill / is nothing like vnto Serpillo / as I wil be iudged by his oune figure / which he hath set oute of Serpilli / compared with the leafe of Heliotropij maioris / whiche is lyke as Dioscorides sayeth vnto Basil Wherefore Matthiolus is deceyued in hys iudgemente / makinge one herbe lyke vnto two herbes / nothinge lyke / but one differinge from an other The Properties of Horsetyme BOth Clinopodium it selfe and the broth of it / is good to be dronken agaynst the bytinges of serpentes / agaynste places that are bursten and shronke together / and against the strangury It dryueth furth weomens syckenes / and if it be dronken certayne dayes / it putteth awaye hanhing wartes It stoppeth the belly sodden to the wasting of the thyrd parte of the broth that it is sodden in / in an ague taken with water / without an ague with wine Galene sayth that Clinopodium is hote and drye in the thyrde degre / but oure Clinopodium is not also hote / or ellis my tast fealeth me Of Climenum or water Betonye Water Betonye Wood brounwurt CLimenum as Dioscorides writeth / putteth furth a foure-squared stalke like vnto the right Bean stalke / but it hath leaues lyke vnto Plantaine / it hath litle sede cases aboute the stalke turninge one into another / not vnlike vnto the claspers or the fishe / called Polipus This description of Dioscorides agreeth well in manye thinges vnto the herbe which we cal in English Water betonye / or Broun wurt / The Duche men name it Braunwurtz / and the Herbaries Scrofulariā maiorem But Pliny semeth to make an other kinde of Climenos / in these wordes Climenos is an herbe that hath the name of a Kinge / with the leues of Iuy full of braunches / with an empty stalke compassed about with ioyntes / it hath a stronge sauour / and sedes lyke Iuy It groweth in woddes and mountains Ther is smal lykenes betwene Plantayne and Iuy / Dioscorides sayth / that his Climenon hath leues lyke vnto Plantayne / and Plinye maketh his Climenos with leues lyke Iuy therefore it appereth that they be not al one herbe Pliny also confesseth after the description of his Climenos / that the Grecianes make their Climenos lyke vnto Plātayn Dioscorides sayth that his best Climenon groweth in mountaines / where vpon I gather that his Climenon groweth not alwayes in mountaines / but in other places also Yet in this he agreeth with Plinye / that Climenos groweth in mountaines The common water betony groweth commonly about water sydes Howbeit I haue sene it also in other places The herbe which I take to be Climenos Plinij / and a kind of it that Dioscorides describeth / and groweth muche in Germany / in woddes / hedges / and hath leaues somthinge lyke long Iuye leues / but longer and indented and therfore more lyke a nettel The sauour of this herbe is stronger then the other / and hath reder color in diuerse places then the other This Climenos of Pliny maye be called in Englishe Wood brounwurt Some of the common Herbaries call it scrophulariam The fashion of the leaues of both these herbes that I set furth / is more like vnto it that Plinye describeth / then it that Dioscorides writeth of / but the greater agreeth a greate deale better then the other / but not so perfitlye as I do require of it Wherefore I dare not gyue sentence that ether of them both is the righte Climenum The nature of Climenum or water Betonye THERE is a iuyce pressed out of the hole herbe / whyche is verye good in drincke agaynste the spittinge furth of blood / and the same stoppeth the reade issue of weomen / and the flixe of the bellye by coolinge It stoppeth also the bloode that bursteth out of the nose The leaues brused or the sede cases layde vpon freshe woundes / bringe them to a perfyte amendemente / and couer them with skinne Plinye sayeth that his Climenos dronken / maketh euen men barun / and to be withoute childer The common Herbaries write that Scrophularia healeth rottinge sores / and the swellinge sores of the fundament / called figges of some writers The iuyce is also good for the deformitie of the face / muche lyke vnto a laseres sycknes Of bastard Saffron Cnecus CNecus or Cnicus is called in Greke Knikos / in English bastard saffrone / in Duche wild saffron / in Frenche Saffron bastarde It is named of the Potecaries and common Herbaries Carthamus It groweth muche in hygh Germanye and in certayne gardines in England Bastard saffrone hath long leaues / and indented aboute / sharpe and prickinge The stalke is a fote and a halfe longe / it hath heades of the bignes of a great olyue The floure is lyke Saffrone / the sede is whyte / somthing rede / long and ful of corners The Vertues of bastard Saffron THE iuyce of the sede brused and streyned oute of honyed water / or with the broth of a cock / purgeth the bellye / but it is not good for the stomacke Of
madnes Wherefore ye must not continuallye vse it / and out of measure The iuyce of Coriandre with whyte lede or lythargery and vinegre / rose oyle layd to / healeth the inflammations of the vttermost skinne Auerrois writeth that Coriander hath a propertie to holde meate in the stomake vntill it be digested / and that it maketh fleshe wherewith it is sodden / to haue the tast of spice Simeon Sethi writeth that Coriander is good for the stomacke / and when it is perched at the fyre / that it stoppeth the bellye In drinke it stoppeth the ishue of blood / and also if it be brused and layd vpon it that bledeth Of the Cornell tree Cornus foemina COrnus is called in Greke Crania / in Duche Thierlinbaume / in French Cormiez or Cornier There are two kindes of Cornus / the male and the female Cornus as Dioscorides sayth is a hard tree / bringing furth long berries / lyke an Oliue / which first are grene / and after when they are rype / are rede / or of the coloure of waxe and this is the male kinde which is also described of Theophrastus / he writeth of both the kindes of this maner There is one Cornel tree which is the male / and an other the female it hath leaues like an almond tre / but that they be fatter and thicker / it hath a barke full of synewes and thin / the bodye of the tree is not verye thicke / but the female putteth furth smal twigges / out of the syde as the right agnus castus doth / and it is fuller of braunches / they haue both knottes as agnus hath / both two one against another / and one meting with an other The woode of the male hath no pythe I call so the softe thing that is in any tree / as in Elder and such lyke but it is sound and fast like vnto a horne / both in thicknes and strongnes The female hath a pythe in it / and is softe / and made hollow / the length of the male is at the moste of xij cubites / of which lenght the longest huntinge staues were of that were in Macedonia the hole bodye of the tree is nothing excellent They the dwell in Ida beside Croye / holde that the male is barrone / and that the femal is fruyteful / the fruyte hath a kernell lyke an olyue / the fruyte is swete in eatinge / and pleasant in sauoure The floure is lyke an Oliue tree / and it blometh bringeth furth fruyt after the same maner / so that out of one stalke growe many / they agree also in tyme but the Macedonians saye that they bringe furth both fruyte / but the females fruyt can not be tasted / and that they haue a stronge roote out of the daunger of corruption as agnus is It groweth in moyst places / and not onlye in drye places / both by sede / and also by sticking in of slippes / which are slipped of the tree I haue sene the first Cornus which is the male / plentuouslye in Germany / and the second whiche is the female / both in Germany and Englande the male maye be called in Englishe a Cornel tre The female is called of some Dog berrye tree some call it Corne tree / some because bucherers vse to make prickes of it / cal it prick tree it were best to call it with one common name / wild Cornel tree The leaues are much broader then the Almond tree leaues are / they are almost round / sauinge that towarde the ende they are small and sharpe The male hath as far as I remembre / but one very growinge vpon one stalke alone but the femal hath many growynge together The Properties of the Cornel tree COrneles in meat do binde and stop / and are holsome both for the bloody flixe / and also for the other / whether they be geuen in meat or sodden in wine they maye be kepte in bryne as Oliues be the matter that commeth furth of the grene tree or bowes / when it is in burninge / is good to laye vnto the scurfe lyke leper Plinye sayeth that the sweete of a twigge or Cornel tre / receyued vpon a burning hote plate of yron / which the wood toucheth not / healeth the scuruy euel in the beginning if the rust of the yron be layd vpon the scurfe / I haue kept the beryes of Cornel tree verye longe in the iuyce of Corneles a litle sodden vpon the fyre I heare saye that there is a Cornel tree at Hampton courte here in Englande Of herbe Iue Coronopus COronopus or Coronopodium is called in Englishe herbe Iue or Crowfoote plantayn / in Duche Rapfulz / in Frenche Capriole / ou dent ou chien / Theodore Gaza / calleth it Silago / it groweth muche about Shene in the hygh waye / and aboute the sea syde in the bankes / whiche are made by mans hande Coronopus is a litle long herbe / creping vpon the ground with clouen or cut leaues / it is sodden with other eatable herbes / the roote is astringente bindinge it groweth in vnmanerd groundes in heapes of earth or stones / as are made to defend the sea bankes / or the fresh water bankes / frō ouerflowing in high waies My Greke Dioscorides hath en doomasi / it appeareth by the translation of Ruellius / that his Greke example had an choomasi / and that lyketh me better / for experience teacheth me that herbe Iue nether groweth about houses / but very plentuouslye vpon artificiall bankes and heapes of earth or stones / whiche are called in Greke Cheomata Theophrastus rehearseth Coronopus among the herbes whiche haue only leaues from the roote / and frō no other parte / and so groweth herbe Iue / and the stalke is lyke Plantayn / and hath suche an head as it hath The maner of dressinge this herbe / and puttinge it into sallettes / when it is a litle sodden / endureth yet still in Frenche / and in some places of England The Nature of herbe Iue I Read of no other medicin of this herbe in Dioscorides / but that it is astringent and stoppeth a laxe Paulus Egineta writeth that it is thought to be good against the cholyke / if the translation be true / which I do partlye suspect both / because Galene and Aetius saye / that it is reckened to be good / and not colicis cruciatibus / but celiacis / that is for them that haue the flixe of the bellye / which cometh commonlye of the longe debilite of the stomacke Of the Hasel tree Corilus Auellana Auellana domestica COrylus is called in Greke Karya pontike / or Leptokarya / in Latin Nux pontica / parua et auellana / in Englishe an Hasel tree or an Hasel nutt / in Duch Hasel nuss / in French Noisette ou Anelme There seme to be two maner of Hasel nuttes rather then two diuerse kindes / the one is the
and with oyle / prouoketh sweate Fuchsius gyueth these properties vnto the common Dogges tonge / which I recken to be Lycopsis It healeth the allmost incurable sores of the mouth of other places It is good for the bloodye flixe / therfore it ought to be vsed against all sores and woundes / and against the French pox / such lyke diseases It helpeth also the issue of sede and catarres / wherefore thys herbe is put into the pilles / which are good for euery catar or reume Nowe seynge that the properties that Dioscorides gyueth vnto Lycopsis / are lyke vnto them that the common Doggis tounge hath / and the lykenes do verye well agree We maye the more boldelye saye / that Lycopsis is oure common Dogges tonge But of this matter we will speake more at large in the intretinge of Lycopsis Of Eglentine or swete brere Rubus canis EGlentine is named in Greke Kynorhodos / in Latine Rosa camna / in Duch wild rosen / in French rose sauuage / or Eglentier The Eglentine is muche like the common brere / but the leues are swete and pleasant to smel / as the brere or heptree leues are not There is commonly a spongious ball found in the Eglentine bush / as Pliny writeth I reken that this bushe is nothing ellis but a swete kinde of Cynobatos The vertues of Eglentine PLiny writeth in the xxv boke of his natural history / that the roote of Eglentine is good against the byting of a mad dog / and that the spongious bal that groweth in the bushe burned into pouder / is good to fill vp that is fallen from the head by that red scall Eglentine semeth to haue ben firste called in Greke kynorhodos / because the rote heled them that were bitten of a mad dogge Of Adders grasse CYnos orchis is called in Latine testiculus canis / in English Adders grasse / or goukis meat or dogges coddes / in Duche Knaben kraut / in Frēch La coil au chien Testiculus canis hath leues sprede flat vpon the ground / which grow aboute the stalke and the nethermoste parte of this herbe / lyke vnto the leues of a softe olyue tree / but smother / and narrower / and longer The stalke is a span long / out of which spring purple floures The rootes are rounde somethinge longe / two together smal as an olyue / the one is hygher vp / which is the fuller / and the other which groweth lower / and is softer and fuller of wrinkles The other testiculus whiche is called serapias / hath leaues lyke a leke / somthinge longe / but broader and thycke / bowynge in the hollowe places betwene the leaues and stalke The stalk is a span long / the floures are somthinge purple / the rootes are lyke vnto dogges stones / both these kindes with diuerse other not muche differinge from them / growe plentuouslye in the middowes in euerye quarter of Englande The vertues of Adders grasse THE first kinde of dogges coddes hath two stones / wherof the ouermore eaten as it is supposed of men maketh boyes and the other more eaten of weomen / maketh wenches The weomen of Thessalia eate the softe roote with gotes milke to prouoke pleasure to venery / and the wythered one to swage the same appetite Galene writeth also as Dioscorides doth / that this herbe prouoketh the appetite of venerye The seconde kinde with the smaller longer leaues as Dioscorides writeth / prouoketh also the lust of the bodye The rootes of this herbe layde to after the maner of an emplaster / driueth awaye soft swellinges / scoureth sores / and hindereth them to sprede anye further it wasteth awaye fistulas / and if it be layd to inflammations / it swageth thē / the dryed rootes stop consuming sores for to sprede any further / and they hele putrefactions and rottinges / and the olde and almoste incurable sores of the mouthe / if they be dronken in wine / they stop the bellye Of English Golangal Cyperus CIpeirus / called also Cyperus / hath leues lyke vnto a leke / but longer and smaller / a stalke a cubit longe or longer / with cornes in it lyke vnto squinantum / in whose top litle leues with sede springe out The rotes are somthinge long lyke vnto an olyue or round / one cleuinge vnto an other / blacke in coloure and swete in sauoure / and bitter in taste Although this common Galangal of oures / be a kinde of Cyperus / yet it aunswereth not in al poyntes vnto the description / for although the rootes haue in them certain knobbes lyke vnto Oliues / yet are they not such as Dioscorides describeth The true Cyperus is now common in Rome and other partes of Italy / wherevnto the hole description of Dioscorides agreeth But we maye vse this Cyperus that we haue wel withoute ieoperdye / in the stede of the other / for it is of thesame kinde and vertue that the other is of The vertues of Cyperus THis herbe is hote in operation / louseth the mouthes of the vaines / and prouoketh vrine / it is good to be dronken against the stone the dropsye it is a remedy against the bitinge of a scorpiō / it is good for the coldnes stopping of the mother if it be bathed with it It dryueth also doune weomens natural sycknes The pouder of this herbe is good for runninge sores in the mouth / allthough they eat and wast the flesh The roote of this herbe which is onlye vsed in Physick / is custumablye put vnto hote softening emplasters and the thicknes of oyntmentes There groweth an other kinde of Cyperus in Inde / which is iudged to be Curcuma of the common writers by the consent of the beste writers that write of herbes in this tyme and it is lyke vnto Ginger / and when it is eaten / it is lyke Saffron in the taste it is bitter / and if it be layd to any place / it hath the power to pull of heyres Of the Cytisus tree Cytiscus CItiscus as Dioscorides writeth / is an hole whyte bushe as Rhamnus is / spredinge abroad braunches longer then a cubit wherevpon growe leaues lyke vnto the Fenegreke / or thre leued Lotus / but lesse / the back of the leafe stickinge oute the leaues broken sauoure lyke rocket / and in taste they resemble a Ciche I neuer sawe this bushe any where ellis growyng naturally wtout setting or sowing / sauing in the mount Apennine besyde Bonony / where as I sawe great plentye of it but I haue had it growyng ones at Collon / and now I haue it growing here in my gardin at Wisenburg The bushes were lyke litle trees / were as hyghe as a man / the braunches and twigges was whytish / and had a whyte hore on them / there growe litle coddes in the braunches lyke vnto tares / but shorter as I remembre The vertues of Cytisus out of Dioscorides THE leaues do coole /
suche qualite in it / as are conuenient for the diseases of the milt / sauing in only stopping Of Rocket Eruca hortensis Eruca syluestris ERVCA is named in Greke Euzomos / in Englishe rocket / in Duche Roket / in Frenche Roquette After Dioscorides and Plinye there are two kindes of Rocket The one is a gardyne Rocket / and that is muche greater then the other / but lyke both in taste / smelle and fassion of indentinge or cuttinge of the leaues vnto the common Rocket with the yelowe floures This greater rocket hath whyte floures with smal black lines like synewes goynge thorowe them The second kind is called in Latin eruca syluestris / that is nowe common in our gardines / and is vsed for gardin rocket Some vse the great rocket for whyte mustard / but they are deceiued / for whyte mustard is in al pointes lyke vnto the other mustarde / sauing that it hath white sede / but not all whyte / but some thinge pale and yellowishe The leaues of great rocket are not lyke the leues of mustarde / but vnto the leaues of the common rocket Ye shall knowe the difference that is betwene gardin rocket wild rocket by the figures / which ye se here lyuely set furth The vertues of Rocket IF rocket be eaten rawe in great quantite / it stirreth vp the pleasure of the bodye The sede is good for the same purpose Rocketh maketh a man pisse / helpeth digestion and is very good for the bellye Some vse the sede for sauce the whiche that it may last the longer / they knede it with milke or vinegre / and make it into litle cakes Dioscorides writeth that the wilde rocket is hoter then the other / and prouoketh water more largelye / and that some vse it for mustard sede Rocket as Pliny writeth / careth nothing for the cold / for it is of a contrary nature vnto lettes / for it stirreth vp the lust of the bodye Therfore is it ioyned in all meates with lettes / that lyke heate mengled with to muche colde / should make lyke the qualite of both The sede of rocket remedieth the poyson of the scorpion / and the feld mouse called a shrew It driueth from the bodye all kindes of litle beastes that growe therein It healeth al the fautes in the face layd to with hony / and it taketh awaye freckles or fayrntikles with vinegre It maketh black scarres of bruses or woundes / whyte / with the gall of an oxe Of Eruilia or pese Eruile ERuiala or Eruilia / called in Greke okros / is a pulse lyke vnto a pease and Theophrastus in the vij boke of the history of plantes writeth / that Eruilles / Cichelinges and peasen haue a stalke falling vpon the gronde Plinye also in the xiij boke of his natural story compareth Eruilles peasen together in likenes of leaues / and sayth that they haue longer leaues then other pulses But this difference haue I marked betwene this and pease The cod or shale of an Eruil is smaller and rounder then the cod of a pease is / and the Eruil is rough within / and the sedes haue litle blacke spottes in them / they are dun and ronder / and lesse then gray pease are I neuer saw this pulse grow in England / but I haue sene it growyng in Germany / but there only in gardines The properties of this herbe agreeth with peasen / and as for any qualite that it hath for Physike / truely I haue rede none But to whatsoeuer vse that phaselles will serue for / Eruilles wil serue for the same / as Galene witnesseth in the first boke de alimentorum facultatibus / where as he sayth that phaselles and Eruilles are in a meane betwene them which make good iuyce and bad / and them that are of hard and light digestion on them that are windy and windles / and them that norishe muche and litle Of bitter Fitches ERuum is named in Greke Orobos / it maye be called in English bitter fitche / of the lykenes that it hath with a fitche Dioscorides doth not describe Eruum so perfitly as he doth other herbes / and therefore it is lesse knowen then manye other herbes be For he sayth onely these wordes of Eruum Eruum is a litle thin bushe / knowen of all men / with a narrowe leafe / and sede in coddes mo tokēs wherby Eruum may be knowen from other pulse / Dioscorides reherseth not The Germanes cal pisum whiche we call a pease / ein Erbis / which word semeth to haue commed of Orobus / and though pisum is not Orobus It doth appere that they gaue the name of Orobus vnto a pease / because the one is so lyke the other Galene / Paulus Egineta / and Aetius with one consent / hold that the black Orobus is bitter Galenis wordes are these Orobus dryeth in the second degre / and that far / and it is hote in the firste degre As far furth as it is bitter / so much doth it cut / scoureth away / and openeth it that is stopped or bounde Then when as Eruum is bitter / the herbe which groweth in woddes with long narrow leues / with floures lyke vnto a pease / can not be Orobus nether is the herbe that Fuchsius taketh for Orobus the true Orobus Some peraduenture will saye that Eruum Fuchsti is the true Eruum / because it hath narrow leaues / and that not withstanding that Galene gyueth vnto Orobus the yelowish and the pale a bitter qualite yet he sayeth that the whyte are not so bitter as the other Wherevnto I say / that although Galene wryte / that the whyte Erua be lesse medicinable then the yelowishe and the pale / that is lesse lyke vnto a medicine / by the reason of anye exceding and vnpleasant qualite as bitternes is yet doth he not take awaye all bitternes from any kinde of Orobus Therefore seynge that there is no bitternes at all in the herbe that Fuchsius setteth furth for Eruo / it can not be Eruum I take the pulse that Fuchsius taketh for Orobus / to be Cicerculas / which is called of Galene Lathyris Matthiolus describeth Orobus thus Eruum which we cal Mocho / putteth furth leaues lyke vnto Cicercula or Cicheling a flour lyke a pease / very redish / coddes in fassion round and longe wherein is sede / in som pale / in other whyte / in other some redishe He sayeth that it groweth also wild in Italy / and is taken for a fitche Wherfore I thinke that longe ago before Matthiolus set oute his Herbal / that I gaue no vnfit name vnto Orobus / when I named it a bitter fitche The vertues of bitter Fitche BItter fitche burdeneth the heade muche / thesame eaten troubled the bellye It draweth oute bloode by the water This pulse wel sodden / maketh oxen fat Eruum helpeth a man to pisse well Thesame maketh a man haue a good
color / it dryueth out blood with gnawing / both out of the bellye and oute of the bladder / if it be eaten oute of measure / or dronken more largely then is conuenient It scoureth sores with honye / so doth it lykewise scoure awaye the frekels of the face and other spottes / and it scoureth also the hole bodye It suffered not deadlye burninges and harde swellinges to go anye further / it maketh soft the hardnesse of womens brestes / it scoureth away black litle angrye sores and byles / it breaketh Carbuncles or plage sores If it be kneden with wine and layde to / it healeth the bytinges of viperes / dogges / and menne with vinegre it healeth them that can not make water / but with great payne / and the vaine appetite to go to the stoole / and can do nothinge there Bitter fitches or bitter tares are verye fit for them that are in a consumation / and fele not their nourishment / if they take of the biggenes of a nut with honey The broth of them is good for kybes or moulde helles / and for itche or yeck that goeth ouer the hole bodye Of Sea hollye Eringium marinum Eringium mediterraneum ALthough Dioscorides maketh mention but of one kinde of Eringium / yet both experience and autoures teache vs / that there are diuerse kindes of it / for there is one kinde by the sea syde / and an other in plaine groundes for the moste parte not far from great riuers / and an other kinde that groweth in mountaines / and Pliny sayth Eringium groweth in rough places / in stony places / and by the sea side The sea Eringium is a common herbe in many places of England by the seasyde It is called of the common people Sea hulner / or Sea holly / because it hath sharpe leaues lyke vnto an holly / and groweth hard by the Seasyde Eringium as Dioscorides writeth / is of the prickye kinde of herbes / and hath broad leues / sharp roundabout / and they taste lyke vnto a certaine kinde of spice Many crestes of sea holis braunches / when as it is growen vp / are rede In the toppes of the braunches come furth knoppy heades / which are compassed about with many sharpe and hard prickes after the fashion of a starre Whose colour is some tyme grene / somtyme whyte / and somtyme blewe / the rote is longe and broad / black without and whyte within / of the bignes of a mannis thumbe / and a plesant sauour These are the proper tokens or markes of Eringium that Dioscorides writeth of then when as the herbe which Riffius setteth out for Eringium / agreeth not with this description / it can not be the true Eringium of Dioscorides The leues of Eringium that Dioscorides describeth / are round and broad / and haue a pleasant taste / but the leaues of Eringium which Riffius setteth out / are very narrow / and are without a pleasant sauor The herbe also whiche Fuchsius setteth oute / hath not suche broad leues in any place of the â—â—lke / as Dioscorides requireth of his Eringium / for that leaues of Fuchsius Eringium are indented / longe and smal / and nothing broad about the stalke / as the figure set out here / will testifye / not withstandinge that I knowe that it is the true Eringium of Dioscorides / for at the firste cumminge oute of the leaues in the springe before the stalke groweth vp / I haue of late sene euen as broade leaues growynge from the roote of that Eringium / as Dioscorides requireth The common Eringium which Fuchsius setteth furth / and as in dede the true Eringium of Dioscorides / groweth by the Ryne syde / and also in places far from both salt and freshe water As for the Eringium Riffij / is an ill fauored pricky wede / and groweth about tounes and diches / in suche lyke places as commonlye Henbane groweth Aetius maketh mention of a kinde of Eringium / which he calleth EringiuÌ„ montanuÌ„ / saith that it hath narrow leues litle floures / of that colour of gold / which in figure are like vnto an eye I do not remeÌ„ber that I haue sene any herb agreing vnto this description Neuertheles I haue set it furth here / that men if they happen vpon it / may by this description knowe it As for the Eringium that groweth in the middelland far from the sea / I neuer remember that euer I sawe it in England / wherfore I knowe no Englishe name for it but it may be called wel herbe holly / or Ryne thistel / because it groweth so plentuously in al places about the Ryne syde some take secaul in Arabianes to be Eringium in Dioscorides but they are deceyued metely wel confuted of Matthiolus / for holdinge of that opinion The cause of the errour is this The translater of Serapio set before the chapter of See cachul This title de Secachul Eryngis And the translater of Auerroes / where as he writeth of Asteraticus / wrote thus Elgatzaria quod Hispani vocant Panicald in Arabico Alchartama alij Secacul in Latino Eringi dicuntur But if men wold haue considered the textes better then the bare titles / they shoulde haue founde that the textes in the chapters did not agre with the description and properties of Eringium in Dioscorides / Galene and Pliny For wherin Serapion hath in his title de secacul et eryngis / within the chapter he describeth his see cachul to haue rootes wouen in together besyde the ground / and a black sede in the quantite of a Ciche / and that it groweth in moyst places / and shaddoish vnder great trees / and that it is hote and moyst in the firste degre / which markes and properties are quite contrary vnto them that Dioscorides / Galene and Pliny gyue vnto their Eringio / also in the chapter of Auerroes which hath the title of secacul and eryngium / it is as euidente as maye be vnto him that wil rede the texte both of Galene and Auerroes / that Auerroes there intreateth not of Eringium / but of Asteraticus The same Auerroes in an other place speaking of Secacul in these wordes Secacul id est eringi calidi sunt humidi Declaring in gyuing lyke moysture vnto heat in secacul / that he writeth not there of the Eringij of Galene / whom he knew well to gyue vnto his Eringio a manifeste dryenes / and a temperate hete / or not far from temperat But Rasis writinge of secacul allone / withoute anye such additions as Serapio and Auerroes haue / saith if secacul be condited / that is seasoned and souced with hony or suggar / maketh lothsumnes / and destroyeth a mannis stomach or appetite / but it increaseth mannis sede wonderfully / if a man vse it oft But eryngium condited and preserued with hony or suggar / is not lothsom for the stomach / nether hurteth it as dayly
Duch / ein Buchbaū / in Frenche fau Fagus is thus described of Plinye The nut of a Beche tree beynge lyke vnto kyrnels / is enclosed in a three cornerd skyn or huske / the leafe is thyn and excedynge lyght / lyke vnto an aspe or poplere / it wexith yelowe verye hastelye / ofte tymes it bryngethe furthe in the myddes in the vpper parte a lytle grene berye / sharpe in the toppe / the nuttes are verye swete Thrusshis desyre greatlye to eate of the beche nut / and myse eate gladlye of the same Thus muche dothe Plinye wryte of the description of a beche tree / Virgill in his Egloges maketh beche tree to haue a great and a broade toppe / whiche maketh suche a greate shadowe / that bothe men and bestes maye be defended therbye frome the heate of the sonne whiche thinge we see to be true by daylye experience / and specyallye in greate olde Beches The propertyes vse and commodytes of the beche tree DIoscorides wryteth that the leaues of the oke the beche tree and of suche other lyke brused and broken are good for softe swellinges / and to strengthen those partes that are weke The leaues of the beche tree / are good to be chowed for the dysease of the gummes / and the lyppes The powdre burned of the beche nut / is good wythe honye for askalde a skuruye head / when the heare goethe of / if it be layde to Plinye rekenyth the same good for the stone Palladius writith that the beche tree is good tymbre / if it be kepte drye / but that it is sone rotten / if it be in moysture or in weate places / in Virgilles tyme men vsed muche to make cuppes of the beche tree as a man maye gather by his Egloges Of the herbe Ferula FErula is called in Greke narthex / but howe that it is named in Englishe / as yet I can not tell / for I neuer sawe it in Englande / but in Germanie in diuers places It maye be named in Englishe herbe ferula / or fenell gyante / because it is lyke fenell / but a great deale higher and larger in all partes then fenell is Ferula bryngith furthe a stalke of three cubytes longe / and leaues of fenell / but rougher and broder I fynde no larger description of ferula in Dioscorides / but Theophrastus describeth it thus Ferula hathe but one stalke / and that full of ioyntes or knees / The leaues and branchis come oute of the ioyntes / one oute of one syde of the ioynte / another oute of the other syde / as the leaues of the rede do The leafe is greate / softe / and muche deuyded or iagged / so that it that is next vnto the grounde / dothe muche resemble here The floure is yelowe / the sede is darke and lyke dyll sede / but greater it is clouen in the toppe / and is deuyded into smale styckes which holde the floures and the sede The smal branchis want not theyr floures nor sede / but haue bothe as dill hath The stalke lasteth but for one yere It hath but one single roote / and that goeth depe into the grounde The vertues of Ferula oute of Dioscorides Ferula Herbe Ferula or Fenelgiante THe harte taken oute of the grene ferula / and dronken / is good for the spittinge of blode / for the flixe it is geuen in wyne againste the bytinges of vipers Thesame put into the nosethrilles / stoppith bloode there The sede dronken is good for the gnawinge of the bellie / if the bodie be anointed therwyth and wyth oyle / it prouoketh sweate The stalkes / if they be eaten / make the head ake / they are sawced in brine The vertues of ferula oute of Plinye HHe stalkes of ferula are vsed to be eatē / when they are sodden / they are the better takē wyth muste and honie / and so they are good for the stomake / if a man take manye of them they brede the heade ake / a dramme of the roote dronken in two vnces / and a halfe of wine / is dronken agaynst serpentes / and the roote is layed to it selfe / so is it good for the gnawinge in the bellye wyth oyle and vinegre / it is good to staye swetinge euen in agues The juyce of ferula taken in the quantyte of a beane / doth stop the bellye .x. graynes of the seed broken / are good to be dronken in wyne to stop blode The harte or the pithe of the herbe so taken / is good for the same purpose The nature of Ferula is the sorest enemie that can be to Lāpreys / for yf it ones touche them / they dye therwyth The vertues of Ferula oute of Galen THe sede of ferula heateth and maketh thyn or subtyll / but it that is within / whiche they cal the marye / the pythe / and the hatte / hath a byndinge nature in it By reason wherof it is good for the flixe and them that spyt blode Of the Figge tree FIrus is called in Greke syke / in Englishe a figge tree / in Duche / Ein feig baū / in Frenche vng figuez A figge tree is no greate highe tree / for the moste parte / but in some places some are founde as bigge and as high / as a pere tree The leaues are cut or indentid / and euerye leafe hath thre partes / of the whiche euerie one resemblith a finger Therfore Ficus Figge euerye figge leafe / semith as though it had thre fingers The figge tree is so well knowen / that it nedith no farther description The vertues of the Figge tree NEwe figges that are ripe / as Dioscorides writeth / hurte the stomake / and lose the bellye / but the flixe that cometh therof / is sone stopped They prouoke sweat and drawe oute wheles and pockes they quenche thurste and abate heate / whē they are drye / theyr nature is hote / they norishe the strenghth / but thē they make a man more drie / they are good for the bellye / and are cōtrarye to the rumes or flowinges of the stomacke / and the bellie Yet Galen wrytith that the figges both grene and also dryed / loose the bellye They are verye good for the throte / for the wynde pipe / for the kidnes / for the bladder / and for them that are euill colored wyth a longe sycknes / and for them that are shorte wynded / and for them that haue the dropsye / and for them that haue the fallinge sycknes / The same made warme / dronken wyth Isope / do purge the breste / they are good for the coughe / for the bellye / for the olde diseases of the lunges / Thesame brused wyth niter chartan saffron / then eaten / do softē the bellye The brothe of figges / is good for the swelled kyrnells besyde the throte If a man gargill therwyth / they are good to
deceyued / haue deceyued many other / whiche haue wryten that our Englishe Marigolde is Helitropion / for the description of Helitropion / whiche a lytle before I haue taken out of Dioscorides and translated vnto yow / is nothinge agreinge wyth our Marigolde Wherfore trust no more the vnlerned selfe made Phisitianes / whiche teache you to call a Marigolde Helitropion The vertues of Heliotropium AN handfull of this herbe dronken / dryueth fleme an choler by the belly It is good both dronkeÌ„ wyth wyne / and also layde to emplaster wise / for the bytinge of a scorpion Some write that iiij granes of the sede taken an howr before the fitt / endeth a quartayne / and that iij. granes heale a tertiane The sede layd to emplasterwise / dryeth away hanginge wartes / flesshy swellinges lyke toppes of tyme / and lytle running sores / the leaues are very good to be layde to / for the distillation of children / whiche is called the siriasis / it is good also for the gowte / and for places that are out of ioynte / it is good to bringe downe mens flowers / if the leaues be broken and layd to / they are good to dryue furth the birth of a woman Of Parietori or Pillitore of the wall HElxine or ParditioÌ„ is called in Englishe Parietorie / or Pilletorie of the wall / in Duche saint Peters kraut / or tag vnd nacht / in Frenche du parietaire The herbaries call it Parietariam It groweth on walles about the rootes of hedges / it hath leaues lyke Mecuri / but rowghe it hath lytle stalkes some thinge redyshe / and about them are as it were rowghe sedes which cleue vnto mens clothes The properties of Parietori or Pillitore of the wall THe leaues haue powr to coole and to make thick / by reason wherof by laynge of it to / it healeth hote inflammationes / called saynt Antonies fyre / burnt places / harde lumpes / in the fundament wheles / called Panos / when they are in the beginninge / swellinges and hote burnynges / called inflammationes Parietaria Parietori or Pellitore of the vvall The iuice of it wyth white leade / is good for choleryke inflammationes / and for spredinges or runninge sores It is also good for the gowte to be layd to wyth gotis sewett / or wyth the ointement made of waxe and oyle of priuet The same dronken / in the quantite of an vnce and a halfe / is good for the old cough It is good both to be gargled / and also to be layde vnto for the in flammation and heate of the kirnelles vnder the iawes If it be poureth into the eare / it slaketh the ache therof / so that rose oyle be mixed therwith Of Hawke wede HIeracium is of two kindes / the one is called in Latin HieraciuÌ„ magnuÌ„ It may be called in Englishe greate hawkewede / or yealow succory The greate hawke wede putteth furth a rowgh stalke som thinge redyshe full of prickes / the leaues are indented / but euery cutte is a greate waye from another / after the maner of sowthistell it hath heades / and in them yealow flowres I haue sene this in greate plenty bothe in Englande and in Germany in the feldes about Bonne / in Englande in the medowe a lytle from Shene / the lesse hawkewede hath leaues standing a good way from another / iagged in the edges it hath small lytle stalkes whiche are grene / and in the top of them growe rownde yealowe flowers This herbe haue I seane both in Germany and in Englande great plenty / I can not gesse why this herbe shoulde haue the name of a hawke / seinge other herbes haue the same properties that this hath except it be for this cause that the downe that groweth in the toppe of this herbe after the flowers be gone / be good to be taken of the hawke to make him cast his gorge wyth it The vertues of Hawke wede THe nature of Hawke wede is to coule and partly to binde / wherfore it is good to be layd vnto the stomacke that is very hote The iuice / if it be dronken / swageth the bytinge or the gnawinge of the stomacke The herbe layde to wyth the roote / healeth the stingginge of a scorpion Of Horse tonge or double tonge Hippoglosson HIppoglosson is called of some poticaries and herbaries Vuularia Bonifacia / the bushe Hippoglosson hath leaues in figure like vnto the leaues of knee holme / otherwise called prickel boxe the toppes of the leaues are sharpe and about the higheste Hypoglossum Horsse tonge or double tonge part of the leaues come forth certayne lytle leaues lyke vnto tonges this bushe is very lyke vnto it that is called Laurus Alexandrina / but this hath tonges and sede in the leaues / and the other only the fruite amonge the leaues / not lytle tonges / wherfore thys semeth to be some difference betwene them I haue sene Hippoglosson many tymes beyonde the see in high Germanye / and in Italye / but I neuer sawe it growinge in England The vertues of Vuularia or horse tonge A Garland made of the leaues of hors tong / set next vpon vnto the bare heade as Dioscorides writeth / is good for the heade ache The rote and the iuice is oft put into softinge playsters It hath bene founde by the experience of Phisicianes of late yeares / that a spounful of the leaues of horstong beateÌ„ into pouder / are good against the stranglinge of the mother / and also against burstinge of chylder in the quantite of a dram and a half Of Selendine SElendyne is named in Latin Hirundinaria / in Greke Chelidonion / in Duche Schelwurtz / in Frenche Chelidoine or Esclere The greate Selendine hath a small stalke a cubite hye / or hygher wyth many togrowinges full of leaues / the leaues are lyke crowfote leaues / but softer and blewish gray in color The flowre is lyke the flowre of wall gelauore / otherwise called hartes ease / whiche cometh out about the settinge on of euery leafe The iuice that is in it / is lyke saffrone / bitinge sharpe / and som thinge bittre stinkinge The roote in the ouermoste part is single / but beneth it hath many yealowe iagges or berdes lyke heres It hath a small codde lyke vnto horned popye long / but it is euer smaller and smaller from the roote / tyll it come at the toppe / in it is conteineth a sede greater then popye sede Ther is an other kinde of Hirundinaria called in Greke Chelidion minus / whose description in my iudgement agreeth well in all poyntes vnto the herbe whiche we call in Englishe Figgwurt / sauynge that it wanteth the heate whiche Dioscorides Chelidonion Selendine Chelidonium minâ—â— and Galen require in their lesse Chelidonio Dioscorides describeth it thus It is a lytle herbe hanginge vpon lytle twigges / whiche come out of the roote It hath no
is to saye / a stalk / is that parte of the herbe / wherby the norishement is caried / ryseth vp from the grounde alone If thys be true / then shoulde there be but one floure vpon euery stalk of the floure Delice / or all should stand together in the top / and none shoulde by equall distance as Dioscorides meaneth stand one beneth an other Matthiolus setteth out ij figures of Iris / the olye is of the wilde / therein are vj. floures / in the tame are iiij floures / and in bothe the figures are but ij caules or stalkes / except he take pediculos / called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 to be all one with caule / which is contrari to all learninge / therefore the floures grow not allwayes in the top of euery stalk alone / but som aboue in the topp / som beneth / com out of the stalk and stand super petiolos or pediculos suos / that is vpon theyr stiles or foot stalkes Therfore hys annotation is nothyng worth Of the walnut and the walnut tree NVx wythout any farther addition is called a Walnut or a walnut tree It is called also Iuglans / nux persica / glans iouis / nux bisilica / nux regia / in Greke Carya basilica / in Duche Eyn nuß baum / oder ein Welshnuß / in Frenche Vng noier The walnut and the walnut trees are so well knowen in all countries / that I nede not to describe / wherfore I entende to leaue the description and to go to the properties of it The vertues of the Vualnut Iuglans WAlnuttes are harde of digestion / not good for the stomake / and ingēdre choler / and they make the heade ache They are euell for them that haue the coughe They are fit to be taken fastinge of them that woulde vomite If they be taken afore hande wyth rue and figges / and also after meat by by / they wythstande poison They do no lesse / if they be eaten after that a man hath dronkē poison If they be eatē in greate plenty they driue out brode wormes It is good to lay them to / wyth a litle hony and rue for the burninge heate or inflammation of the papes / for impostemes / and places out of ioynt If they be layde to wyth an onion / salt and hony / they are good for the bytinges both of men and dogges If they be burnt wyth theyr vtter huskes and laide vnto the nauell / they stāche the gnawinge of the belly The shell burnt and broken in oyle and wine / is good to anoynt childers heades wythall to make the here grow / the same is also good to fill vp the bare places of scalled heades The kernels burned / if they be broken and laide to wyth wine / they will stay the blody yssew that som tyme wemen haue The same are good to laye to olde carbuncles and crepinge sores / tetters and impostemes that are in the corners of the eye The same chowed and laide vpon the heade / are a present remedy for the fallyng of the heare A man may make oyle of the kirnels of walnuttes / if he will presse them / specially when they are olde they that are grene / are not so ill for the stomake as the olde nuttes be / because they are sweter Yf they be mixed with garleke / they take away the sharpnes And they do if they be layde to emplasterwise / driue awaye the blew markes that come of stripes The walnut tree both in his leaues and buddes hath a certayne bindinge / but the bindinge is most euidently perceyued in the vtter huskes / both moyst and drye / and therfore fullers dorse them But I / sayeth Galen / presse out the iuice of the huskes as I do out of the Mulberies bambleberes / and set it wyth sodden hony / and vse it in the steade of a mouth healinge medicine / as I vse the forsaide iuice of mulberes and brambleberes The kirnell of the nut / when it is wythered / is of subtill partes and a dryinge medicine wyth out any bytynge Out of Pliny THe Gretians haue named the walnut of that / that it bringeth the heade ache / for the strengthe of the trees and the leaues perche into the brayne / if the nuttes be taken a fore hand / they breake and quenche the myght of poyson They are good to be laide to the squynsie wyth rue oyle Cneius pompeius when he had ouercomed the myghty kinge Mythrydites / he founde in his most secret treserhouse in a lytle boke by it selffe wryttē wyth his owne hāde wyth this preseruatiue / the cōposition wherof is this Take two drye Walnuttes / and ij figges and xx leaues of rue / breake them together and put a corne of salt tho them / and if yow eate this medicine fastinge / ther shall no poyson hurt yow that daye the kirnels of the nuttes if they be chowed / of a man fastinge / is a present remedy if they be layde vnto the bytinges of a mad dogge Som vse to make succat wyth hony or sugar of the yonge nuttes / whiche are palled of the tree about midsomea Tragus wryteth that the water whiche is destilled out of the grene nuttes gathered at mitsomer / is good for the inflammation of the pappes / impostumes / and for places out of ioynt / the oyle that is pressed out of the walnuttes / saieth Tragus / is good for the purposes aboue rehersed Of Squynant IVncus odoratus siue rotundus / is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 / in Englishe Squynant / in Duche Kamelhewe / in the potecaris shoppis Squinantū Squynant groweth in Aphrica and in Arabia / the best cōmeth out of Nabathea / the next in goodnes is it that cōmeth out of Arabie / the worst cometh out of Africa the best the most wourthiest to be chosen / is that whiche is redde / fresse and full of floures / but small / and hath redde peces in it / whiche beinge robbed in a mans handes / will smell lyke a rose It byteth the tonge also lyke fyer We vse no part of it / sauinge the flower / the stalke and the rote We haue not in Europa suche squynant as Dioscorides describeth I neuer sawe squynant growinge / sauinge only dryed The properties of Squynant SQuynant hath the vertue to bringe downe floures to dryue fourth water / it driueth winde awaye / maketh the heade heauy / and bindeth a lytle / breaketh and rypeth / and maketh louse the vessels that the winde maye comforth His floure is good in drinke for them that voide blode / for the paine of the stomake / longes / lyuer and kidnies The rote is more astringent bindinge / therfore it is good to be geuen in the quantite of a dram wyth so muche peper for a few dayes vnto them that haue the lothsumnes of the stomake to them that are sicke
in the dropsie / and to them that haue the crampe The broth is good to sitte ouer agaynst the burnynge heate of the mother Of the Iuniper tree Iuniperus IVniperus is called in Greke Arkēthos / in Englishe Iuniper or Ieneper / in Duch wachhold / in Frenche du genefure The Description DIoscorides maketh ij kindes of Iuniper / the greater kinde the lesse / whiche only differ in bignes Iuniper both the greater the lesse is alwayes grene hath in the stede of leaues prickes rather thē right leaues / and euery suche leafe or pricke is very like vnto the ende of the tonge / of an hueholl or wodspike / but it is grene / the wod is redish / whiche if it be put into the fyer / maketh a very good smell The berries are first grene and afterwarde black Some holde that the berries are ij yeare in ripinge vpon the tree This tree groweth commenly in great wast wilde mores baron groundes / but somtyme it groweth in metly good groundes / In England it groweth most plentuouslye in Kent / it groweth also in the bysshopryche of Durram / in Northūberlande It groweth in Germany in many places in greate plentye / but in no place in greater then a lytle from Bon / wher as / at the tyme of yeare the feldefares sede only of Iunipers berries / the people eate the feldefares vndrawē wyth guttes and all / because they are full of the berries of Iuniper The vertues of Iuniper THer are ij kindes of Iuniper / the greater the lesse / they are bothe hote / stir men to make water / if that they be sette a fier / they dryue awaye serpentes The berries do measerablely hete binde / are good for the stomacke They are good to be dronken against the diseases of the brest / agaynst the cough / agaynst winde / gnawinges bytinge of serpentes They dryue fourth vrine / they are good for places burst shronken together for the stranglinge of the mother The leaues are bytinge sharpe Therfore both they / also the iuice of them are good to be dronkē wyth wine or to be laide to against the bytinge of a veper Of Labrusca LAbrusca / whiche is called in Greke Ampelos agria / or Omphax / is of ij sortes / the one kinde is so wilde that it hath only floures / and goeth no ferther / this floure is called Enanthe The other hath floures also lytle grapes I haue sene of both the sortes plentuously in Italy in diuers places by the floude Padus / and in highe Almany also It may be called in Englishe a wilde vine All thinges both leaues / floures and grapes / are lesse in this kinde then in the gardin vinde / or els in figure and fasshon they are all one The nature of the wilde grape THe leaues of the wilde grape / and the stalkes / and claspers haue the same vertue that the other hath The floures of the wilde grape / haue a stoppinge or bindinge power / wherfore in drinke they are good for the stomacke / and to dryue fourth vrine They stoppe the belly the castinge out of bloude / if they be dryed and laide to / they are good for the lothsomnes of the stomacke and sournes of the same They are good to be layde vpon the heade / ether grene or dryed with vinegre rose oyle A plaster made of them / healeth bloudy woundes / the impostemes in the corners of the eye when they are in beginnynge / the sores of the mouth / the fretinge sores of the priuities If they be broken with hony / saffron myrr rose oyle / they saue from inflammation They are good to put in pessaries to stanche blode They are good to be layde to with wine the mele of perched barley agaynst the wateringe of the eyes / the burninge of the stomake The asshes of them / burned in a vessell with hote coles are good for medicines for the eyes / and wyth hony it healeth whit flawes / aguayles goomes bledinge / vexed with impostemes Of Lettes 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Lactuca 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 LActuca is called in Greke Thridax / in Englishe Lettes or Lettuce / in Duche Lattich / in Frenche / vng Lactue Lettis is of diuerse kindes / one kinde is called Lactuca hortensis / and in English gardin Lettis / the other kinde is called lactuca syluestris / whiche is called in Englishe grene endiue / this is the herbe that the Israelites eat wyth ther passouer lambe Ther are diuers sortes of gardin lettes / for one is called Lactuca capitata / that is cabbage lett es / because it goeth all into one heade / as cabbage role doth / an other kinde is the comon lettes / som kindes of lettis haue white sede / other kindes haue black sede The description of Lettice THe commen gardin lettice hath brode leaues like vnto whyte endiue / and the stalke ryseth streight vp / about the top are diuerse branches / whych haue yelow floures The wilde lettes is like the other after Dioscorides / but the roote is shorter / the stalke is longer / the leaues are whyter / smaller and sharper and bitter in taste / and when as they perfit / they are full of prickel The properties of Lettis THe gardin lettes / whych is of a coolinge nature / is taken to be good for the stomacke it bringeth slepe / softeneth the belly called fourth mylke but when it is sodden / it norisseth more But they that haue an euell stomacke / were best to take it vnwasshed The sede were good to be dronken of them that are combred wyth vncleane dreames it is good agaynst the rage of venery Muche vse of lettes / hurteth the eysight it is good agaynst inflammationes and hote burnynges It is layde vp of som / and seasoned and sauced in brine Of Haris foot LAgopus maye be called in Englishe Haris foot / or rough clauer / the Duch call it Katzēkle / the Frenche call it Pede de leure The description Lagopus DIoscorides sheweth no mark wherby Lagopus differeth from other herbes / sauynge that it groweth among the corne Whiche place is comē to many other herbes Wherefore we can not gather by that one worde / what herbe in our feldes is Lagopus in Dioscorides But because it hath the name of an Haris foote / and no other herbe growyng in the corne / is so like an Haris foot as thys herbe is that I set furth / I thinke not with out a cause that Fuchsius of whome I learned thys herbe as I haue learned certayn other iudged it well to be Lagopus / and chefely because it agreeth in vertue wyth it that Dioscorides speaketh of The herbe which I take for Lagopus / hath a round stalke / and roughe leaues of the form and fasshon of
a clauer / or a threleued grasse The sede is very bindyng / and it growethe in roughe horye knoppes / or hedes / whyche are not vnlyke vnto an Haris foot Amatus Lusitanus accusyng Otho Brūsfelsius / for makyng trinitariam to be a kynde of hepatica / Mattheum Syluaticum for iudgyng auenes to be Lagopus / falleth in to as great an error as any of them both did / whillis he maketh trinitariam montanam / to be the ryght Lagopus For the herbe called trinitaria of the herbaries in Italy / and edel leberkraut or guldenkle in Duche / is not the ryght Lagopus Whych thyng may very easely be proued by Dioscorides whych sayth that Lagopus groweth in the corne / when as trinitaria is neuer found in the corne / but in hyghe mountaynes and in such wilde and vntilled places / where as not corne at any tyme hath growen The vertues of Lagopus THe herbe Lagopus dronken in wyne stoppeth the belly / but if a man haue an ague / he must drynk it for the same purpose in water The same is good to be layd vnto the share / when it is inflammed or brought into a great heat Lagopus as Galene sayeth / hath so drying a power / that it can drye vp well the flix of the belly Of the herbe called Lamium or dede Nettel Lamij tria genera LAmium is called also vrtica iners / or mortua / vrtica alba / and of som Archangelica / in Englishe Ded nettel / in Duch tod Nessel / in Frenche / orti morti The description of dede Nettel LAmium hath leaues like vnto a Nettel / but lesse indented about / and whyter The downy thynges that are in it like pryckes / byte not / the stalk is four-square / the floures are whyte / haue a strōge sauor / and are very like vnto litle coules / or hoodes that stand ouer bare heades The sede is blak groweth about the stalk / certayn places goyng betwene / as we se in hore hound The vertues of ded◠Nettel out of Pliny THat kynde of Nettel also / which among other I named Lamium / beyng moste gentle of all other / and hauyng leaues that byte not / wyth a corne of salt / healeth such places as are brused / or beten / or burnt / and wennes / and swellynges / goutes and woundes It hath a whyte thyng in the myddes of the leafe / which is a good remedy agaynst saint Antonies fyer or hote burnynges The later writers holde that the dede Nettel is good to stop blood / if it be layde ether vnto the lowest partes of the neck / or to the shoulder blades They saye also that it is a good remedy agaynst foule sores and fistulaes or false woundes Of the herbe called Lampsana LAmpsana / as Dioscorides writeh is a wylde worte or eatable herbe / and more largely doth not he describe Lampsanam But Pliny describeth hys Lampsanam thus Amongest the wylde koles is also Lampsana a foot hyghe / with roughe leaues like vnto napo or a yelow rape but the flour of Lampsana is whyter When I was in Bonony / Lucas Ghinus the reder of Dioscorides there / shewed me the ryght Lampsanam / which afterwarde I haue sene in many places of Germany in the corne felde / much lower then carlok / but in taste and in fashon of lefe much like it But it hath a whyte floure wyth a very litle purple in it / in som places as I remembre / yet moste comēly it is all clere white The vertues of Lampsana DIoscorides maketh no other mention of any vertue / that Lampsana hath / sauyng that he maketh it good for the pott / sayeth that it norisheth more then the dock doth / and is better for the stomacke Galene sayeth that Lampsana eaten / ingendreth euel iuice / if it be layd to wythout / that it hath som pour to scour away / and to digest or make rype Of the tre called Larix DIoscorides describeth not the tree which is called of the Latines Larix / and of the Duche ein Larch baū But Pliny described it and maketh mention of it / but not allwayes accordyng to the truthe as men of great experience and of no lesse learnyng / not beyng encumbred wyth such besines as Pliny was / haue of late founde out Pliny writeth that the leues of the larche tre / neuer decay nor fall of / whiche thyng both Matthiolus Bellonius haue found by experience Larix to be vntrue For they wryte both that the larche tree leaues fal of in wynter But herein I can beare no wytnes / for allthough in summer I haue sene infinite larche trees / yet I was neuer in wynter where they grew But I trust them which haue sene them both in summer and wynter And out of these mēs wrytinges I haue gathered thys description of Larix folowing The larche tree cōmenly is lower then the fyrre tree / but in som places it is foūde as hyghe as the firre tree is The lowest parte of the boli or body of the larche tree / next vnto the grounde / hath a barke very harde / and it is full of ryftes gapynges / whiche appeare lyke certayn depe furrowes If ye hew it / and cut it / with an hatchet / ye shall fynde it very rede / and vntill ye come vnto the bunghes it is roughe / but after that ye come to the place where the bowes grow / then it is smother in color / is out of an asshy whytishe The bunghes are lesse thē any other kynde conenutberyng tre hath / and they are tougher and more bowyng / and theyr color is out of yelow redishe / and of a very pleasant sauor The leaues are blunt / soft and bowyng / two fingers long / a litle brode / of the bygnes of fenel leaues About thyrty grow together about one knop / after the maner of a beame In taste they are not so byndyng as other leaues of trees of lyke kynde be In smell they resemble the leaues of a pyne tre The larche tre is very lyke vnto the cypres tre / in the fruite or nutt For the larch nut is as greate as the Cypres nut is / and somthinge longer / and hath a shorte stele or foot stalk / wherby the fruite is ioyned vnto the tree The nutt is compassed about wyth thin huskes one growyng ouer an other / after the maner of scales of a fishe / and wythin are sedes of the bygnes of a Cypres kyrnell Thys tree groweth largely in the mountayes in the land of Cour / and in the alpes that are betwene Itali and the countre called Rhetia / where of one parte is in the diocese of Cour. The nature and vertues of thys tree I Fynde great diuersite of opiniones and debat betwene the olde writers and the new / cōcernyng the nature of this tree For the newe writers hold that the wod of this
of the milt and lyuer Of the pulse called Lupines LVpinus is named in Greke thermos / in Duche feigbon / in Frēche lupin / and so may it be called in Englishe / or if a man will folow the Duche / he may call it a fyg bene Lupine hath one lōg stalke / and a lefe with v. or seuen iaggers / which altogether / when as they are growen out / haue the lykenes of a ruel of a spor / or of a sterr The floure is whyte / in whose place / when it is gone / commeth after a long cod / wherin are v. or seuen sedes in color whyte and without / somtyme a litle redishe / in fasshon flat lyke a cake it hath a shord roote in color redishe The leues of lupines turne with the son / as Pliny wryteth and experience teached The vertues of Lupines THe mele of lupines / licked vp with hony / or if it be taken with drinke / dryueth wormes out of the belly The lupines selues steped / and eatē with theyr bitternes / are good for the same purpose The broth Lupini albi of them hath lyke vertue / dronken with rue and pepper / and so is it good for thē that haue the disease of the milt With the same it is good to bathe and washe wild sores / gangrenes / and the scab / when it beginneth first to come burstinges of it of wheles / rynnyng sores of the hede / frekles and spottes Lupines put into the body after the maner of a suppositori / with hony and myrr / all beyng wrapped in woll / draweth both down weomens floures / and also hyr burden that she goeth with if it be rype The flour or mele of lupines with lynt sede / amendeth the skinne and blew markes with perched barley water it swageth inflāmationes / and burnynges It easeth swellynges / and it is good for the sciatica layd on with vinegre If it be layd to with vinegre where in it is sodden / it heleth wennes and bursteth carbuncles Lupines sodden in rayn water / vntill they wexe towgh into a thick broth / scour and make clene the face Lupines are also good for the scabbor maugenes of cattell with the roote of black chameleon / so that they be wasshed with the warm broth that they are sodden in The rootes sodden in water / prouoke or stir a man to make water Lupines broken / after that by stepyng they wex swete / if they be dronken in vinegre take away the lothsomnes of the stomake and ingendreth an appetit an lust to eat The smoke of lupines burned / dryue gnattes and mydges away as Pliny wryteth Of Lysimachia LYsimachia putteth furth stalkes of the lenght of a cubit or som tyme longer / busshy / small / the leues com out at the knees or knottes / or ioyntes of the herbe They are thinne in fasshō lyke wylow leues in taste byndyng The flour is darck rede or of the color of golde It groweth in watery in marrishe fennish groundes Thys is a very comen herbe in Germany England I meruell that Matthiolus could not fynd it in Italy vntil it was sent hym from Rome by Vincent Cāton to Goritia But all though it be foūd in mani places of Englād / yet Lysimachiae purpureae primum genus Lysimachia luthea Lysimachia III. I coulde neuer learne any Englishe name of it It may be well called after the etimologi of the worde / and also of the vertue that it hath lous strife / or it may be called herbe willow The Duche men call it weyderich The vertues of Lousstrife THe iuice of the leues / by ther byndyng poure stoppeth the castyng out of blood It is ether to be poured in / or to be taken inward for the blody flyx If it be put in a mother suppository / it will stop the excessiue rynnyng or isshue of the mother If ye stop your nose with thys herbe / it will stop the rynnyng out of blood of it It stayeth also the excessiue rynnyng out of blood out of woundes It dryueth away serpentes and killeth flies with hys smoke / for it is wonders sharpe in smell There is an other Lysimachia besyd it that I haue spoken of with a redish purple floure / that groweth much about water sydes with an heade like an eare But I red of no other properti that it shoulde haue then it which hath the yelow or golden floures Of the Mallow or Maw MAlua is named in Greke Malachi / in English a Mallow / in Duch pappel / in Frenche maulue Ther are two kyndes of Mallowes / the one is the gardin mallow / and the other is the wilde mallow And eche of these as Pliny writeth / is diuided into diuerse kindes Of those mallowes that are sowē / the Grecianes call the greater / malopen Me thynck that the other is called malache / because it softeneth the belly Amonges the wilde mallowes it that hath the greate lefe and the whyte rote / is called althea / and of the excellent workyng that it hath / it is called of som Aristalthea The former kynde is now called in Englishe / frenche mallow it may be called tre mallow of the great bygnes that it groweth to And it that is called Malache of the Grecianes / and is after Pliny the Malua hortensis Malua syluestris pumila Malua syluestris lesse kinde of gardin mallowes / is called in Englishe holy ok / in Duche Winter rosen The former kinde of wild mallow / which as Pliny sayeth / is called Althea Aristalthea / is also called of the Latin writers Hibiscus / in Englishe marsh mallow / or marrish mallow / in Duche Ibishe of Galene Anadendron / of Aetius Dēdromalache of the apothecaries maluabis malua and maluaniscus The other kynde of wilde mallow is it that groweth wilde about townes and hygh wayes / and is commenly called in Englishe a mallow Theophrast in the nynthe booke de historia plantarum writeth that certayn thynges by dressyng and trymmyng departe frō theyr kynde and olde nature / as the mallow doth / sayeth he / whiche when as it is by nature but an herbe / yet groweth vp into the greatenes of a tre He sayeth that the gardin mallow within six or seuē monethes groweth so highe / that the stalck of it will serue for a lāce staff / and that therfore diuerse vse the stalkes of mallowes for staues The leues of mallowes are knowen of all men to be round the sede is in a litle round forme lyke a chese / som mallow floures are rede / som blew / som whyte / and if they had the lyke smell in beauty / myght well be compared with the rose floures The roote is very long and depe in the ground and somthyng shymy The vertues of mallowe or mawes THe gardin mallow is better to be eaten / then the wylde mallow is Yet is it ill for the
of todstoole Ruellius sayeth that it groweth in France For the whiche Fuchsius in hys herbari hath set furth the greter / but which we haue in the last chapter before thys described Mark how thys man sayeth that he knoweth not Petasites / except it be a kinde of todestoole / yet he named it in Duche Pestilentz wurtz / as thoughe he knew it Is not thys a worthy man to wryte commentaries vpon Dioscorides Fuchsius set not out Lappā maiorem for thys herbe as Amatus beareth hym in hand / for he set out the ryght 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or personatam / callyng it groß kletten / disseueryng it from Petasites many wayes Let Matthiolus and hys folower Amatus proue that Dioscorides maketh ij kyndes of personata If they can not as I am sure / they can not all theyr speakyng agaynst Fuchsius / is in vayn Matthiolus alledgeth Plini to proue that there ar ij kyndes of personata well let it be so Yet for all that it foloweth not that the herbe that Fuchsius setteth furth for Petasites / shoulde be the second kynde of personata in Plini / nor that Dioscorides maketh ij kyndes of Petasites For Plini maketh oft mo kyndes of herbes then Dioscorides did But how vniustly he maketh ij kyndes of Arcion / not only the excellent clerk Leonicenus / but all other learned men may se that there is no such cause geuen hym of Dioscorides to do How well that Plini is defended of Matthiolus agaynst Leonicenus All men that ar learned not partial / may well se to no greate honestie of Matthiolus But the case put / that there ar ij kyndes of Arcion the first can not be Petasites Fuchsij / because it hath burres growyng in the top as Petasites Fuchsij hath not Nether can the second kynde of Arcion of Plini be Petasites Fuchsij / for the second kynde of Arcion Plinij as ye may rede playnly in Plini / hath blacker leues then the gourde hath But Petasites Fuchsij / hath much whyter leues then the gourd hath as all men that haue sene them can iudge / namely benethe vnder the lefe toward the ground Therefor Petasites Fuchsij which is the true Petasites Dioscoridis / Ruellij / and Rembertes Petasites and myne is not the second kinde of Arcion in Plini / for all the gaynsayng of Matthiolus the Italian / and Amatus the Spanyarde / who wold face out learned men with stout checkes without any sufficient profe or learned argument / not only in thys herbe / but in diuerse other O◠the herbe called Peucedanum PEucedanum is named in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Duch Har strang / and because we haue no other name for it in English that I know as yet / it may be called in Englishe also Har strang Peucedanum putteth furthe a small stalk and weike like vnto fenel / it hath a thick and plenuous bushe / besyde the grounde a yelow flour / a blak roote / of a greuous smel / thik full of iuice It groweth in shaddowye hylles Thus far Dioscorides But I haue sene it growing not only in shaddowye hilles / as at Erenfels in Germany where as I saw it first / but also in watery myddowes besyde Wormes / and also in dry myddowes / but within the breth of the Rhene I hear say that it groweth also in England / and I found a root of it at saynt Vincentis rock a litle from Bristow But it was nothyng so great as it of Germany The vertues of Harstrang MEn vse to cut the roote with a knyfe / to gather a rynnyng iuice out of it / to lay it that droppeth out / by by in the shaddow for it will melt in the sun But it will make hys hede ache and be dusy / that gathereth it / except a man anoynt hys nosethrilles before with roseoyle / and pour not som rose oyle vpon hys hed before The roote is nothyng worthe after that the iuice is drawen furthe of it There may be taken out of the stalke and roote / both a iuice by gasshyng and an other by pressyng / as is taken out of Mandrag But it that droppeth furth by gasshyng / is not so strong as it that is drawē out by pressyng / and it faydeth away souner There is also founde a thyng lyke rosin / or frankincense / cleuyng vnto the stalk and roote Of the iuices that commeth out of the root by gasshyng it / is best that groweth in Sardinia Samothracia / that is of a greuous smell / rede and hetynge the tong The same is good to be layd to with vinegre and roseoyle / agaynst the drousey and forgetfull euel / for the dusynes of the hede / for the fallyng siknes / and for the olde hedeach / for the sciatica and for the cramp And in all diseases of the synewes it is good to be layde to / with oyle vinegre If a woman be strangled with the vprysyng of the mother / it is good to smell it / and so it calleth them agayn / that ar brought in to an extreme depe slepe The smoke of it dryueth away venemus bestes It helpeth the ach of the eare if it be poured in with rose oyle It is good to be put in to the hollow tothe agaynst the tothache The same taken with an eg / is good for the coughe It is also good for them that ar shortwynded / and for all gnawyng wyndy passiones and grefes It softeneth the belly gently / and wasteth away the gret swelled milt It is an excellent remedy agaynst an hard and long laboryng of chylde If it be dronkē it is good for the ach and outstretchyng of the blader and kydnees It openeth also the mother The roote is good for the same purposes / but it is not so myghty The broth is also dronkē The same broken scoureth stynkyng and foul sores / and dryue the scales of bones / and couereth sores with a skin It is vsed to be mēged with tretes and softenyng plasters that hete Ye must chuse it that is freshe not freted with gnawyng / soūd / and it that hath a great smell The iuice must be resolued or melted for drynkes with bitter allmondes or hote bred or rue Galene writeth that the iuice that is drawen out by gusshyng or cuttyng / is stronger then that which is pressed out / and he sayeth that the roote is fully hothe in the second degre / and drye in the begynnyng of the thirde degre Of bothe the kyndes of Peonye PEony otherwyse called in Greke Glyciside / and of som Pentoboron / hath a stalk two spannes long It hath many bysproutynges The male hathe leues lyke vnto a walnut tre leues But the femal hath clouen leues lyke Smyrniū It bryngeth furthe certayn coddes in the top of the stalk like vnto allmondes Which whē they ar opened / haue many litle granes rede in color lyke vnto the kirnelles of a pomgarnat
winde / and stere vp pleasure of the bodye / because they heat the kidnes / and they haue a maruelous propertye to lyght the eyes / or to make the eye syght clere Of Crowfoot kingeux or gollande Ranunculi prima species Ranunculus satiuus Ranunculum tertium Ranunculum quartum Ranunculum quintum Ranunculum sextum Ranunculum septimum RAnunculus is called in Greke 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 / in Englishe / Crowfoot or kingeux / or in som other places a gollaÌ„de / is named in Duch hanenfuss There are many kindes of crowfootes / but they haue all one streynght / that is byting and very blystring one of them hath leaues lyke vnto Coriander / but broder / somthing whitish and fat / a yelowe floure / and somtyme purple / a stalke not thick / but of a cubite heyght / a litle route / whyte / whyche hath litle thinges / lyke smale thredes / cominge out after the maner of hellebor / or neseworte / it groweth besyde ryuers there is also an other kynde / whych is more hory / and with a loÌ„ger stalk / whych hath many cuttinges / or iagginges in the leaues / it groweth much iÌ„ Sardinia / it is very sharpe / and they call it also wilde persely The thyrd kind is verye litle / and hath a greuous smell the floure of it is lyke vnto golde The fourth kynd is lyke vnto it / with a floure of the color of milke Besyde these kindes of Crowfoot / whiche Dioscorides hath here described there are fyue other kindes at the least / wherof the first kind hath round and somthynge indented leaues lyke vnto tunhoue / with a roote verye rounde / hauing little tassels / in that place that is next to the ground lyke a leke Thys kinde groweth plenteously in my orchard at Wyssenburg The seconde kinde hath leues lyke the head of a lance / and it is called of som lanceola / and in som places of England / Spere worte / it groweth alwayes in moyste and watery places The thyrd kinde is lyke the common soft in all poyntes / sauing that it is so swete / that it is eaten as a sallet herbe about Mentz in Germany / where as it is called smalt wort / and suess hanfuss The fourth kinde is one of the two with a white floure / wherof the one groweth in woddes and shaddish places / in April / the other kinde swimmeth aboue the water in poules / for the most parte of Summer for when as Dioscorides maketh but one kinde of Ranunculus with a white floure / the one of them therefore before named / must be none of his Ranunculus / but an other The fyfte kinde is it that may be called for the great numbre of leaues that it hath in the floure Ranunculus polyanthos / and I do not dout / but beside these / there are yet mo kindes of Crowfoote / then Dioscorides hath made mention of The propertye of Crowfoot out of Dioscorides THe leaues and teÌ„der yong stalkes / if the be layd vnto any place / â—o make blisters and a scabby crust with payn it taketh away â—ough scabby nayles / and the scabbes them selues / it putteth awaye also printes of woundes / litle markes like prickes / also if they be layd to / within a litle whyle they take away hanging wartes / and suche as haue the forme of pysimpres / and they take also away the head / it is good to washe the mouldnes of ones heles / with the broth of it The drye pouder of the rout in ones nose / prouoketh nesing / if it be layd to ones toth / it will ease the payne / but it will breake the toth Of the bushe called Rhamnus RHamnus is a bushe that groweth about hedges / hath twigges that grow right vp / and sharpe prickes / as the hawthorn hath / it hath litle leaues / and somthinge long / and somthinge fat and softe / there is an other kinde that is whyter / and the thyrde kinde hath black leaues / and a broder / with a certayn light rednes / and roddes of fyue cubites high more ful of prickes / but the prickes are weaker and not so styffe / but the fruit is brode / whyte / thin / and as it were litle vesselles made to holde sede in / lyke vnto a whorle Rhus Of these thre kindes of Rhamnus / when I was in Italy / I sawe but one kind / that is the thyrd kind / which hath the round leaues / wher as I sawe it / it was called Christes thorne / as though Christe had bene crouned with rhamnus / I neuer sawe it in Englande / and therefore I knowe no Englishe name for it But it maye be called ether Christes thorne / or buklars thorne / of the fashon of the fruyt or rounde ramnes / of the brodnes of the leaues in comparison of the other two kindes / it groweth in the mounte Appennine a litle from Bononye Matthiolus setteth two kindes furth that I neuer sawe The vertues of Rhamnus THe leues if they be laid to / are good for wild fires / and greate hote inflaÌ„mationes / som holde that the bowes of it set at mennes dores / or windowes / do dryue awaye sorcery / and inchantemeÌ„tes / that wyches and sorcerers do vse agaynst men Of the bushe called Sumach out of Dioscorides RHus is called of the Arabianes and apothecaries Sumach / it may be called in English also The Sumach which is vsed for a sauce vnto meates / which som call rede is the fruyte of the lether Sumach / whiche hath the name of lether / because men vse it to thick lether therewith it is a littel tre growinge in rockes of two cubites hygh / wherein are longe leues / somthinge redish / indented roundabout lyke a saw / the fruite is lyke vnto small clusters of grapâ—s / of the bignes of a turpentine and a litle broder Out of Galene SVmach is a busshye shrub / and doth binde together and drieth / for the lether dyers / or tannares vse this same bushe to drye and to binde together Rhuc together the physiciones vse chefely the berryes thereof / and the iuyce whyche is of a verye tarte taste and bindinge with all / it is drye in the thyrd degre / and cold in the second Thys Sumach that Dioscorides and Galen maketh mention of / groweth in no place of England / or Germanye that euer I sawe / but I haue sene it in Italy / a litle froÌ„ Bononye in the mounte Appennine / it may be called in English Sumach / as the Appotecaries and Arabianes do The vertues of Sumach THe leaues haue a bindinge poure / and serue for the same purpose that Acasia serueth for The broth of them maketh ones heyre black / and they are good to be poured in / or to be sitten ouer / or to be dronken for the bloody flixe / they ar good to be
of the littel wild dock / the stalke is not great / the sede is somthinge sharpe / round rede / and byting / and it is found in the stalke and outgrowing twigges hetherto hath Dioscorides written To whose writing som of the later Grecianes do not fully consent / and namelye in the descriptiones of Oxilapathi and Oxalidos / for som of the later Grecianes seme to take Oxilapathum / as though it had the name of the sour and sharp taste / and not of the sharpnes of the ouermoste part of the top of the leafe Aetius in the healing of the falling sicknes / writeth these wordes after the translacion of Cornarius of Oxalis Oxallidem siue rumicem acutum / viridem presertim quotidie dato a primo luna vsque ad trigestimam / in whiche wordes he semeth to confound and make all one of Oxilapathum and Oxalis The same Aetius writeth thus of Oxalis in the healing of the iaundes Oxalis est rumex acri sapore / folijs ranulis et folijs caude quadrangulari / c. Ye may se that Aetius geueth here vnto the tast of Oxalis sharpnes / wyth bytinge as this worde Acris doth signifie / a four cornered stalke / whereof nether of both Dioscorides geueth vnto his Oxalis / nether to his Oxilapatho As for my parte I do not remember that euer I sawe anye such sorel as Aetius describeth Nowe as concerning the kindes of dockes whereof Dioscorides writeth / I am sure / we haue the same / and also more then he made mention of / we haue the great kinde of Dock / which the vnlearned toke for Rebarbe / is called of som Rubarbarum monachorum / and this do the common herbaries of this tyme take for the garding Dock of Dioscorides / we haue a kinde of Dockes that groweth in shallow diches and watery places / wyth a very sharp leafe / wyth a taste lyke vnto other Dockes / and thys do I take to be Oxalapathum in Dioscorides There is an other kind of Dockes that groweth in moyste and watery grounde / with a leafe muche rounder then it that I spake last of / it hath a very soure taste lyke sorel / and this do I take for Oxalapatho of Aetij and other of hys tyme. We haue two kindes of wild Dockes / the one with the form and lykenes of plantayn / whych groweth in middowes and in bare grenes / and an other kind with a leafe not much vnlyke the leafe of Aran and so many kindes haue we also of Oxalis or Sorell / for the one hath a rounder leafe / and the other sharper / with sharpe thinges resembling abrode arrow head We haue also an other kind of dock growing in orchards gardines / about tounes suche places as kye oxen / other beastes vse cōmonly to haunt stād in Thys kinde for the form that it hath with the garding dock / maye seme to be a kinde of it But by it that groweth without settinge / or sowynge / it maye seme to be a kinde of wilde docke But it maketh no great matter of what kinde it be of / seynge it is knowen by experience to haue the vertue that other dockes haue The vertues of the Dockes THe leaues of all the kindes of dockes / when they are soddē soften the belly The leafe layd to raw with rose oyl or safron / driueth awaye melicirides / which are apostemes / which haue an oylish thyng within them lyke vnto honye The sede of the wilde dockes / and of the diche dock with the sharpe leafe / and of the sorrel / is good to be dronken in water or wine agaynste the bloodye flixe or other flixes / and agaynst the lothsumnes of the stomack / and agaynst the biting of a scorpion If any man drinke any of these sedes / and after chaunce to be bitten / he shall haue no hurt of it But the routes of them / sodden wyth vinegre / and also though they be raw / if they be layd to / heale lepres / the foule scuruy euell / and rough scabby nayles But the place must be rubbed before in the sonne with nitre and vinegre The broth also if the itchinge places be bathed therwith / driueth awaye the itche They swage also the payn of the teth / if they be sodden in wyne / and the teth be washed therewith / they swage also the payn of the eares / they dryue also away harde lumpes and wennes if they be sodden in wine and layd therto The same layd to stop the ishewe of weomen / if they be sodden in wyne and dronken / they heale the iaundes / and breake stones in the bladder / and prouoke doune floures / and they are good for them that are bitten of a scorpion The great dock called in Greke Hippolampathon / which groweth in meres and great pooles / hath the same nature that other haue The old writers appoynt no certayn degre vnto the kindes of dockes / but Aetius writeth that the dock is partaker of heat / naminge no certayn kinde But Rasis vnder the name of Acetisa / whyche worde the Arabianes interpretes without all discretion vse for al kindes of dockes / sayeth that acetosa is cold and drye / but he telleth not in what degre / but I suppose that Rasis writeth of sorell rather then of any other kind But my iudgement is that sorell is colde at the least in the first degre / and that the other kindes are not manifestly hote / but rather bowynge to coldnes / then to any notable heat Of the bushe or shrub called Kneholme or Buchers browme RVscus is named in Greke myrsine agria / that is myrtus syluestris / in Barbarus latin bruscus / in English Kneholme / or Knehull / and of other Bucher broume / and of som Petigre / I neuer sawe it in Germany / therfore I know not the Duche name of it Sabina RVscus called of Dioscorides Myrtus syluestris / hath a leafe lyke vnto a myrtell tre / but broder / lyke in fashon vnto a lance / sharp in the top It hath a rounde fruyte in the middes of the lefe rede / when it is ripe with a harde kirnel within The twigges are bowing lyke vinde braunches / which come out of the route / they are tough a cubit high / full of leaues / the routes are lyke vnto grasse binding / tarte in taste / and somthing bitter This bushe groweth verye plenteously in Essex and in Kent / and in Barke shyre / but I could neuer se it in Germany The vertues of kneholme THe leaues and the berries dronken in wine / do moue a man to make water / and bring weomen theyr floures / and breake the stone of the bladder / they heale also the iaundes / the Stranguriā / the head ache / the broth wherin the routes are sodden / can do the same The yong stalkes vse to be eaten
/ and as it were graye in color / for suche it is freshe and of a perfect age The vertue of mustarde is to heate / to make subtil / and to draw vnto it / and when it is chowed / to draw doune thynne fleme from the head but the iuyce of it menged wyth mede / if it be gargled wyth all / it is good for the diseases of the almondes aboute the rootes of the tonge / and for longe roughnes / and hardnes of the wynde pypes If it be broken and put into the nose thrilles / it maketh a man to nese it is good for them that haue the fallinge siknes / and it stereth vp weomen that are strangled of the mother It is also good to be layd vpon the heades of them that haue the drowsey euell / or forgetfull siknes / called lethargus / after that the heare is shauen of If it be menged wyth a fygge / and layed vpon the place vntill that it be rede / it is good for the sciatica / and for the milte / and to be shorte for euerye olde ache / where as by the greffe of an other parte / we will remoue anye thynge from the depe / vnto the skinne / it healed also scalled heades / where as the stalke is rede / and the heare falleth of If it be layd vpon the sore place / it scoureth also the face / and taketh awaye blewe markes that come of brusynge / if it be layd to wyth honye or fat / or wyth a cerote mayd of waxe If it be layed to wyth vinegre / it is good for lepres and wilde scabbes / and rynninge scurffe It is good to be dronken for agues whyche returne agayne by course at a certayne tyme / so that it be sprenkled or put into the drynke after the maner of perched barle mele It is also good to be mengled wyth drawynge emplasters / and wyth suche as are prepared agaynst scabbes And thesame broken wyth fygges / and put into the eares / it is good for them that are hard of hearinge And it is good for the soundyng or noyse of the heade The iuyce of it / if it be layed to wyth honye / is good for the dulnes of syght / and for the roughnes of the eybrees Men vse to presse out the iuyce of it / whylse it is grene / and then to drye it in the sun Galene sayeth that mustard is hote and drye in the fourth degre Out of Pliny PIthagoras dyd iudge that mustarde was moste principall of all those thynges / whose vertue were caried vp into the head / because that there is nothynge that percheth more the nose and the brayne then it doth And it setteth furth his poure and streyngth very far abrode If that to greate a slepe vexe them that haue the forgetfull syknes / it is good to be layd to emplasterwyse / ether vpoÌ„ the heade / or the shynnes / wyth a fygge and vinegre It healeth by making of blisteres by the reason of the burning heat / anye parte of the bodye out of the whych euel humores and faultes of the body ought to be drawen oute / from the depe vnto the skin / and taketh awaye olde aches of the breste / loynes and hippes / by the foresayd meanes In a greate hardnes it is layed on wythout a fygge / but if greater burninge be loked for / it is layd on a double cloth / goynge betwene Of the herbe called Sion THe herbe that is named in Greke Sion / and in Latin Sium / is supposed to be called of Pliny lauer The same â—s called of som in English / but falsely / water cresses / and of other belragges but to haue som sure and comon name / it is best to call it water persely / or sallat persely It is named in Duch Brunnen peterlin / or wasser merk / in Italian Gorgolestro / as Matthiolus sayth / and in Spanish Rabacas / in Frenche Berle Sion as Dioscorides describeth it / groweth in the water / and is a smal bushye herbe / growynge ryghte vp and fatt / it hath brode leaues lyke vnto Allexander / but lesser / and of a spicye smell By this description they are confuted / that hold that brooklen / called in Duch Bachpungen / should be syon / when as it hath nether leaues lyke vnto Alexander / nether groweth ryght vp / but groweth low by the ground sydelinges / so are they also confuted to take water kresse or burn kresse to be syon / when as it hath no leaues lyke vnto Alexander Ether Matthiolus knoweth not the ryght syon / or ellis I knowe it not For the Sion that I knowe / hath not sede in litle coddes / but in the toppe after the maner of anise / and the roote is not lyke the rootes of water cresses I am far deceyued / except the figure that Matthiolus setteth out / be not lyke the monstre that Horace maketh mention of / whych hath a mannis head / set vpon a horse neck / and many diuerse fethers vpon them / for I haue gone thorow England / hygh Germany and low Germany / and a great deale of Italy / where as I sought diligentlye all kindes of herbes / but I could neuer fynde yet any such herbe / as Matthiolus setteth furth for sion / for his sion hath the verye true rootes and coddes of water cresses / whych neuer man / as I thynke dyd se in sion Let men that are learned in the history of herbes iudge / whether I iudge ryght or no. There are two kindes of herbes besyde this / wherof the greater is in all thynges / sauinge the bignes is like vnto sion / the other kinde is of a cubite hyght / and hath leaues verye lyke perselye in figure / sauinge that they are a great deal bigger I iudge that thys kinde is called of Pliny silans / whyche as he sayeth / nascitur in glareosis perennibus fluuijs apij similitudine The vertues of water persely called in Latin Sium or Lauer. The leaues of water persely / whether they be eaten rawe / or sodden / do breake the stone / and driue it out / and they also prouoke a man to make water / and they dryue oute of a womannis bodye / both her burdin and her floures Galene graunteth also that Sion is so muche hote / as it is well smelling / when it is tasted Of Persnepes and Skirwartes Sisarum satiuum magnum Sisarum satiuum minus Sisarum syluestre BOth Fuchsius Matthiolus set furth two kindes of Siser / but as they agre in the seconde kind / which is oure skirwurt / so they differ much in the former kinde for wher as Fuchsius maketh the former kind of siser / to be our pershepe / Matthiolus setteth furth in his figure a kinde of carot / whyche he sayeth is called in Duche / gurlin gergelim / in French cheruc gyroles / but his description afterwardes / agreeth
Cyclaminus altera / but they were deceyued for it hath no suche roote nor vertue as Cyclaminus hath I sawe this true black Briony ones in the mount Appennine / and the seruant of Lucas Ginus shewed it me there The roote was a dosen tymes bigger then the roote of it is that Matthiolus setteth oute for Vitis nigra Of the fyrste kinde of wilde Vindes DIoscorides maketh mention and wryteth in two places of a wilde vinde The former kinde is thus described of hym The wilde vinde bringeth furth braunches as a vynde / woddishe roughe wyth a barcke gapynge and hauinge creuisses / leaues lyke vnto gardine night shade / but broder and longer / a floure lyke as mossye heares / a fruyte small clusters / rede when it is rype the figure of the sede is rounde The vertues of the fyrst kinde of wilde Vinde THe roote of thys herbe heated in wine / and menged wyth sea water / and dronken wyth two ciates of water / purgeth waterish humores / and it is also geuen to them that haue the dropsey / but the clusters clenge the spottes that are made by the sonne / and all other spottes The litle braunches that come fyrste furth / are seasoned layd vp in bryne for meat There is diuersite of opiniones betwen Fuchsius and Matthiolus what herbe shoulde be this Vitis syluestris / Fuchsius woulde that the rinning bushe groweth vpon liuing hedges / and crepeth vpon trees wyth an hory fruyte / wyth a leafe lyke nyghteshade / but a litle indented about / should be Vitis syluestris But Matthiolus setteth out for vite syluestri an herbe whyche is called of the comon Herbaries amara dulcis / and it maye be called in Englishe bitterswete If it had rede berries / then would I haue consented vnto Fuchsius / but because it hath none suche that euer I could se / I dare not geue full consent wyth hym The herb that Matthiolus setteth furth for vitis syluestris / which groweth only about diches and watersydes / can not be vitis syluestris / because nether the description nether the vertues of vitis syluestris agreeth vnto it For his herbe hath leaues muche longer and much sharper then the comon nightshad hath and besydes that / about the settinge on to the stalke of euery leafe / hath on eche syde a thynge growyng furth lyke an eare I haue sene som heades of leaues and borestaues muche lyke vnto thys leafe Dioscorides maketh mention of no suche lefe / but of one that is lyke vnto nyghteshade Theophraste writeth that thys wylde vyne / is very hote and biting in so much that it is vsed to pull of hare and suche frekels or spottes that come by the heat of the sun Loke in the ix boke of the stori of plantes or growyng thinges / and there ye shall fynde thys to be true Then when as amara dulcis is not hote aboue the fyrst degre / as experience can iudge Matthiolus in my iudgemeÌ„t erred much more in this mater then Fuchsius dyd / whom he went about to confute The duche men call the herbe that Matthiolus setteth furth for viti syluestri Ie lenger ie lieber / that is the longer the plesanter / or derer / because when a man tasteth first of the bark / it is somthing bitter / and the longer ye hold it in youre mouth / the sweter will it be / if it had ben an hote herbe / the longer that he had holden it in hys mouth / the vnplesanter wold it haue ben by the reason of byting of the tonge / as all herbes that are de pilatiue or burners of / of hare do Of the seconde kinde of Vitis syluestris called wild vynde DIoscorides intreateth of the fyrst vite syluestri in the fourth boke x. chapter but he intreateth of the second kinde in the fyrste chapter of the v. boke / after thys maner There are two kindes of ampelon agrias or labrusce / the one bringeth neuer the grape furth to ripenes / but vnto the floure which is called enanthe The other maketh perfit his grape / but hath smal berries / black and binding Thys second kind haue I sene both in Italy in Germany The leues new twiges with their braunches stalkes / haue like pour with the comon vind / sauing that thes ar mo binding The vertues of the gardin or manered vynde THe leaues and yonge twigges if they be layde to / they swage the heade ache / and the burnynge or inflammation of the stomak wyth perched barley meale / and so do the leaues alone / because they haue the poure to coole and to binde The iuyce of them also dronken / is good for the blody flixe / the spittinge of bloode / the disease of the stomack / and the longinge or greuinge siknes of weomen The yonge busshye boughes steped in water and dronken / will do the same the dropping of it whyche is lyke vnto a gumme / and waxeth thicke aboute the bodye of the vinde if it be dronken / driueth oute the stone And if the place be prepared wyth nitre / it will heale scuruines / scabbes and lepres If it be layde vpon the scabbed places If it be continually layde to wyth oyle / it wasteth awaye heare And that thynge doth speciallye the frothy matter / that cummeth furth of the grene branche whilse it is in burninge The same is good to kill wartes also but the asshes of the vindes boughes / and the drosse that remaineth after the grapes / are pressâ—d out if they be layd to wyth vinegre / they swage hard lumpes and knoppes about the fundament It is also good for membres out of ioynt / and the biting of a veper or adder / and for the inflammation of the milt / if it be layd to wyth rose oyle / rue and vinegre The vertues of rasynes oute of Dioscorides RAsines called in Latin vue passe / and of other passule / if they be whyte / they binde more The flesh or pulp of them is good to be eaten for the roughenes of the throote / for the cough / for the kidnes and the bladder / they are also good for the blodye flixe / if they be eaten with the stones / and if they be receyued in meate after they be menged wyth the mele of millet and barley and an egge / and be fryen in a frying pan The same ether by them selues and wyth peper / if they be chowed in the mouth / draw out thin fleme out of the heade If they be layde to wyth pouder of comin and bean meale / as som translate fabam / they staunche the inflammationes of the stones If they be layd to with rue without the stones / they heale rede angri nyght ploukes and sores that haue matter in them lyke honye / carbuncules / rottennes about the ioyntes / and sores called gangrenes The same are good for the goute If they be layde to wyth the
hole 110 2 18 rede gapped not grapped 4 rede cummed not crommed 111 2 2 rede stancheth and not and stancheth 34 for gyue rede gyuing 37 rede they 39 red it is in the second syde put out the false latin and set radix cleonia radix Syriaca and Armoracia 112 1 22 rede twenty 2 9 rede scour not stoure 113 1 40 red whit flaw 46 kingcup 114 1 6 Kingcup 2 12. sort 16 shaddoish 28 rough 31 pismyres 115 1 28 also sumache 2 1 put out the figure for it is false 26 agnayles 116 1 34 fleme 2 17 roses 37 sprinkled 117 10 for leaues rede redenes 13 whils 22 inbinding 23 that doth 27 curled 43 helpers 119 1 2 rede or for aut 119 ther ar also that hold stifly 120 1 7 the hill ida 14 could not understand 121 1 23 caulo 41 arone 2 29 acetosa 40 butchers 122 2 5 gesen 7 Zurich 123 1 26 pismyres 2 31 bredeth 124 1 26 Cinnamum 2 1 acte 4 acte 125 1 29 suet 126 2 2 sauge 8. warne 127 2 13 rede is thus for it thus 129 125 red yeares for yeare 23 rede lyker for lyke and called of Pline Sicale for called Sicale 130 1 22 rede groweth for greweth 132 1 2 rede same for lame 16 red candy for candis 25 red axfiche for axsiche 2 rede Sedi tertium genus for Sedum tertium genus 133 1 2 rede iij. for iiij 4 rede rather for better 10 rede in Greke because the leaues are grene for in Greke the leaues are grene 134 1 4 rede meates for wheates 135 1 42 rede his for this 2 32 rede ligusticum for ligustrum 136 1 6 rede fenegreke for fenelgreke 137 1 21 rede of the listenes for of lykenes 138 1 2 rede fennes for sennes and put out te figure that is falsly set for siliqua 139 2 19 rede scalle for stalke 140 1 36 rede silaus for silans 2 red olus atri for olus a tre 141 1 12 rede anniculae for aniculae 23 rede hoter for heter 145 2 4 red torminalis for forminalis 7 red hawes for haw 8 red is not pleasant for is uery plesant 146 2 20 red Nordenie for Mordenie 147 2 37 red nerion for merion 44 spinae for spina 148 1 33 rede pipridge for piridg 41 rede to eate is spina alba Columelli 149 1 1 rede Rychis gardin for Richardes gardin 150 2 13 rede Slepe for snepe 151 1 28 rede spyder for speder 31 rede seable for feable 153 2 3 rede Colchester for Colichester 9 rede tymbre for tember 154 1 3 parke for part 155 2 9 rede acetable for acceptable 30 rede fleme for slâ—m 157 1 13 rede callitrichon for cellitrichon 160 1 41 rede more for mo 161 1 2 rede phlomos for Gohlomos 162 1 12 rede leaf for leaue 26 hierobatone for hierobatono 32 and for an 21. scalles for stalkes 165 1 9 rede to her self for her self 22 rede panos for pinos rede the maner of making of lime for the maner of lime 21 rede then for they 23 rede make for male 166 1 22 chafing for chansing 27 rede wrinkels for winkels 167 2 30 rede sheene for them 168 1 9 rede the rinning bushe that groweth for the rinning bush groweth 13 rede if it had rede berries that Fuchsius setteth furth then would I for if it had red berries then would I. 21 red sum heades of lance staues for sum heades of leaues 38 red ampelou for ampilon 43. rede more for mo 2. 35 rede panacis for panicis 170 1 1 rede acaliphe for acadiphe 4. rede less for lesser In the chapter of Ruscus put out the figure for it is nothyng agreyng with Ruscus The thirde parte of Vuilliam Turners Herball / wherein are conteined the herbes / trees / rootes and fruytes / whereof is no mention made of Dioscorides / Salene / Plinye / and other olde Authores God saue the Quene HONY SOIT QVI MAL Y PENSE Imprinted at Collen by Arnold Birckman / In the yeare of our Lorde M.D.LXVIII Cum Gratia Priuilegio Reg. Maiest To the right worshipfull Felowship and Companye of Surgiones of the citye of London chefely / and to all other that practyse Surgery within England / WilliaÌ„ Turner sendeth greting in Christ Iesu AFter that I had set furth two partes of my Herbal / conteining those plantes and herbes whereof the old writers haue written and made mention / because that I knew both by myne owne experience / and by other mennis writinge / that the herbes found after the old writers tyme / if they were knowen with their vertues / should be very necessary for the healing of many diseases / greuous sicknesses / woundes / sores / brusinges / and breaking as well inward as outward I thought I should do no small benefit vnto my countre / if I wrote of those plantes Whereof I haue gathered as many as I knowe / or at the least as many as came to my remembrance / leuing the rest that I haue not intreated of / to be intreated of other that haue more leasure then I haue For surely beyng so much vexed with sicknes / and occupyed with preaching / and the study of Diuinitye and exercise of discipline / I haue had but smal leasure to write Herballes This smal booke I geue and dedicate vnto you / not only because this part for the bignes that it hath / intreateth most largely and plenteously of simples that belong vnto Surgery / but also because beyng amongest you in London all that I was aquaynted withall / and namely Maister Wright / late Surgion to the Quenes highnes / so willing and desyrous to learne and know such herbes as were not throwly knowen in England at that tyme. If ye take this my poore present in good worth / I thinke that I haue bestowed my laboures well / and if I can perceyue this / it may be an occasion / that if God send me health / leasure and longer life / that I take some more paynes for your profit in some other matter The Lorde kepe you At Welles 1564. The 24. day of Iune Of the degrees of herbes and other thinges / and what a degre is A Degre is as littell vnderstanded as it is greatlye occupied in al mennis mouthes A degre is in Latin gradus / and it commeth of gradior to go / is named in Greke apostasis / that is a standinge or going away from The cause of the name is this There are certeyne herbes that are temporate that is of a mere qualitie or propertie betwene hote and cold / are neither notablie hote nor cold And if any herbe departe from the temporate herbes toward heat / and is sensible felt a littel hote / it is called hote in the first degre / and if it be a littel hoter / it is called hote in the second degre / as though it had made two steppes or departinges from temperate If an herbe