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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
head_n	grow_v	small_a	stalk_n	2,644	5	11.7080	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06927	The second booke of the English husbandman Contayning the ordering of the kitchin-garden, and the planting of strange flowers: the breeding of all manner of cattell. Together with the cures, the feeding of cattell, the ordering both of pastures and meddow-ground: with the vse both of high-wood and vnder-wood. Whereunto is added a treatise, called Good mens recreation: contayning a discourse of the generall art of fishing, with the angle, and otherwise; and of all the hidden secrets belonging thereunto. Together vvith the choyce, ordering, breeding, and dyeting of the fighting cocke. A worke neuer written before by any author. By G.M.; English husbandman. Part 2-3	Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.; Dennys, John, d. 1609. Secrets of angling.	1614 (1614)	STC 17356; ESTC S112058	79,847	118

preserue each in his true proper nature and doe to them all the rights which is due to their growth and in that time obserue which kinde of Trées in the generality prospereth best and agréeth most naturally with the soyle And of those Trées s●e that you flourish your grounds most plentifully the particular manner of planting whereof is already formerly declared And hence doth Kent and Worcester shire boast of their fruit Windsor Sherwood and Hollam shire their Oakes and other particular Countries their particular commodities Now for the setting of Willow Sallow and Oziers it is a thing so vsuall and common that it néedeth no great Art in the relation yet because I would be loath that any omission should be taken for negligence you shall vnderstand that in setting them you must first respect the place which would euer be lowe and moyst the water sometimes washing them sometimes cooling them and euer giuing them comfort Now to speake fir●● 〈…〉 low it would be euer planted vpon bankes wher● 〈…〉 stand more dry then wet for such prosper be●t and ●●dure longest as for proofe some will continue twelue ●●●●teene nay one and twentie yéeres where as those which are set close by the water will hardly endure 〈…〉 not aboue nine yéeres at the most Touching their pla●●ing they be set two manner of wayes but which is the best is not yet agréed on amongst Husbandmen The first is to take an A●gure full as large in compasse 〈◊〉 much shorter as that where-with you boare Pump● and with it boare a hole in the earth two-foote and a 〈◊〉 déepe then hauing headed some of the choysest W●●●lowes you haue take the fairest and straightest of th●se lops and then cutting them sloape-wise at both ends and leauing no superfluous twigs cleauing there-vnto put the bigger end downe very hard into the earth and then with the mould which came forth with the Augure 〈◊〉 the earth close and hard about the Set so as no reason●●ble strength may shake it Now there be other Husband●men which in stéed of the Augure take onely an Oaken 〈◊〉 Ash stake of the bignesse of an vsuall set and with a B●●●tell driue it into the ground two foote and a halfe and the● by shaking and opening the earth pull it out againe then put in the Set as is before shewed and beate 〈◊〉 tread the earth close there-vnto and there is no 〈…〉 the well prospering thereof Now for the defects which Husbandmen finde in these two seuerall plantings Some say that the Augure taketh out so much earth that the Set cannot but stand loose at the roote and so wanting full hold of the earth either takes not at all or continues but a little space Others say that the driuing in of the 〈◊〉 beates the earth so hard together that it withstandeth the passage of the tender sprouts so killeth the set but 〈◊〉 are deceiued for these are but suppositions and expe●●●ence daily shewes vs that these are the best and 〈◊〉 wayes of setting of all sorts of Willowes that euer 〈◊〉 time brought forth and I haue knowne one man set this way two hundreth Sets in a day of which not one hath failed but all prospered Now for your Sallowes you shall set them and chuse the Sets in all poynts as you doe the Willow onely they would be placed a little néerer the water for they delight some-what more in moysture as for the Ozier it would be set like other Quick-set in the side of bankes so as it may almost touch the water and as your Willowes or Sallowes would be set a little remote one from another as namely tenne foote asunder so these must be set close together and in thicke rowes one against another and these Ozier Plants you must cut from their head being the principall spiers which grow thereon and then cut off their tops leauing them not aboue two foote long at the most and of all other they are the quickest in growing And although Willow Sallow and Ozyer are in our lawes estéemed but as wéedes and no Woods yet they be so profitable that the Husbandman can hardly misse them the Willow and Sallow seruing for fence and fewell to make Harrowes Cart-saddles horse Hames and the Ozyers for fish Leapes or Wéeles for Baskets Scuttels Fans to winnow with and many other things full as necessary therefore if you haue any marish grounds that are vselesse bogge-myers or Ilands in great riuers let them be imployed to the nourishing of these profitable wéedes and by making draynes through them to giue the water passage you shall in small time bring them to earthes of great profit which consideration were it rightly wayed there would not be halfe so much wast ground as is in this Kingdome But to my purpose when you haue planted these Willowes you shall after euery floud sée if the water haue driuen any of them awry or displease them and immediately mend them and set them vp straight againe It any Cattell shall pyll or barke them you shall pull vp such Settes and place new in their roome Your Willow set would by no meanes be to long 〈…〉 first setting for then it will neuer beare a good 〈…〉 too short is likewise as vnprofitable therefore it is hold to be fiue foote aboue the earth is a length sufficient● you may head your Willowes once in thrée yéeres or 〈◊〉 at the furthest and when you sée the bodies waxe hollow● you may cut them downe for the fire and fixe new Sets in their places The Ozier to come to his true profit and season asketh much pruning and trimming as namely you must kéepe the stocke lowe and neuer aboue halfe a foote aboue the earth you must picke them cleane from Mosse and from the slime and filth which the euer-flow of the water will leaue vpon them you shall prune the small spiers and make them grow single one by another and if any shoote out a double stalke you shall cut it away you may head them euery second yéere at the fall onely and though some head them once a yéere yet it is not so good husbandry nor will the Ozier be so tough or long lasting The best seasons for the setting of the Willow Sallow or Ozier is either any part of the Spring or Fall and the best time to loppe the Willow or Sallow is in the Spring for fence and in the Fall for timber or fewell but the Ozier would be cut at the fall of the leafe onely And thus much for the bréeding of Wood in the rich champaine Countries CHAP. VI. Of Plashing of Hedges and Lopping of Timber HAuing alreadie sufficiently in the former Chapter spoken of the planting of all sorts of quick-sets it is méete now that I shew you how to order the hedges being growne and come to perfection Know then that if after your hedge is come to sixe or seauen yéeres of age you shall let it grew on without cutting or

first watring Lauender is a flower of a hot smell and is more estéemed of the plaine Country housewife then the dainty Citizen it is very wholesome amongst linnen cloathes and would be sowen in a good rich mould in the moneths of March or Aprill The white Lilly would be s●wen in a fat earth in the moneths of October and Nouember or in March or April and the séedes must be sowen excéeding thinne not one by any meanes touching another and the mould which couereth them must be sifted gently vpon them If you would haue your Lillyes of a purple colour you shall stéepe your féedes in the Lées of red wine and that will change their complexion and also you shall water the Plants with the same Lées likewise if you will haue them scarlet red you shall put Vermillion or Cynaber betwéene the rinde and the small heads growing about the roote if you would haue them blew you shall dissolue Azure or Byse betwéene the rinde and the heads if yellow Orpment if gréene Verdigreace and thus of any other colour Now to make them flourish euery moneth in the yéere you shall sowe your séedes some a foote déepe some halfe a foote and some not two inches so they will spring one after another and flourish one after another The wood Lilly or Lilly of the vale delighteth most in a moyst ground and may be sowen either in March or September it is very faire to looke on and not so suffocating in smell as the other Lillyes are The flower de Lice is of excellent beauty but not very pleasant to smell to it loueth a dry ground an easie mould and is fittest to be sowen in the moneth of March. Pyonie or the blessed Rose loueth a good fat earth being somewhat loose and may be sowen either in March or September it asketh not much watring onely some support because the stalkes be weake Petillius or Indian eye may be sowen in any ground for it desireth neither much water nor much dung and the best season for sowing it is Iune or 〈…〉 it will beare flowers commonly all the Wint●r Veluet flower loueth a rich fertile ground and must be much watred the season best for the sowing is Aug●st 〈◊〉 commonly it will beare flowers all the Winter Gilliflowers are of diuers kindes as Pynks Wall-flowers Carnations Cloue-Gilliflowers and a world of others which are of all other flowers most swéet and delicate● all but the Wall-gilliflower loue good fertile earths and may be sowen either in March Iuly or August They are better to be planted of Slips then sowen yet both will prosper They are very tender and therfore the best planting of them is in earthen Pots or halfe Tubs which at your pleasure you may remoue from the shade to the Sunne and from the roughnesse of stormes to places of shelter they grow vp high on long slender stalkes which you must defend and support with square cradles made of stickes least the winde and the waight of the flowers breake them these Gilliflowers you may make of any colour you please in such sort as is shewed you for the colouring of Lillyes and if you please to haue them of mixt colours you may also by grafting of contrary colours one into another and you may with as great ease graft the Gylliflower as any fruit whatsoeuer by the ioyning of the knots one into another and then wrapping them about with a little soft sleau'd silke and couering the place close with soft red Waxe well tempered And you shall vnderstand that the grafting of Gylliflowers maketh them exceeding great double and most orient of colour Now if you will haue your Gylliflowers of diuers smels or odours you may also with great ease as thus for example if you will take two or thrée great cloues stéepe them foure and twenty houres in Damaske Rose water then take them out and bruise them and put them into a fine Cambricke ragge and so binde them about the heart roote of the Gylliflower néere to the setting on of the stalke and so plant it in a fine soft and fertile mould and the flower which springeth from the same will haue so delicate a mixt smell of the Cloue and the Rose-water that it will bréede both delight and wonder If in the same manner you take a sticke of Cinamon and stéepe it in Rose water and then ●ruise it and binde it as afore-said all the flowers will smell strongly of Cinamon if you take two graines of fat Muske and mixe it with two drops of Damaske Rose water and binde it as afore-said the flowers will smell strongly of Muske yet not too hot nor offensiue by reason of the correction of the Rose water and in this sort you may doe either with Amber-greece Storax Beniamin or any other swéet drugge whatsoeuer and if in any of these confections before named you stéepe the séedes of your Gylliflowers foure and twenty houres before you sowe them they will take the same smels in which you stéepe them onely they will not be so large or double as those which are replanted or grafted Now for your Wall-Gylliflower it delighteth in hard rubbish limy and stonie grounds whence it commeth that they couet most to grow vpon walles pauements and such like barraine places It may be sowen in any moneth or season for it is a séede of that hardnesse that it makes no difference betwixt Winter and Sommer but will flourish in both equally and beareth his flowers all the yéere whence it comes that the Husbandman preserues it most in his Bée-garden for it is wondrous swéet and affordeth much honey It would be sowen in very small quantity for after it haue once taken roote it will naturally of it selfe ouer-spread much ground and hardly e●er after be rooted out It is of it selfe of so excéeding a strong and swéet smell that it cannot be forced to take any other and therefore is euer preserued in its owne nature The Helytropian or flower of the Sunne is in nature and colour like our English Marigold onely it is excéeding huge in compasse for many of them will be twenty and foure and twenty inches in compasse according to the fertilenesse of the soyle in which they grow and the oft replanting of their rootes they are excéeding 〈…〉 on and pleasant to smell they open their flowers at the rising of the Sunne and close them againe at the 〈◊〉 setting it delighteth in any soyle which is fertile 〈◊〉 by Art or Nature and may be sowen in any 〈◊〉 from February till September the oft planting 〈◊〉 replanting of the roote after it is sprung a handfull from the earth maketh it grow to the vttermost bignesse it would haue the East and West open vpon it onely 〈◊〉 small Pent-house to kéepe the sharpnesse of the 〈◊〉 from it The Crowne Emperiall is of all flowers both Foraigne and home-bred the

well together then goe to the bedde where you meane to bestow them and hauing newly rackt it to stirre vp the fresh mould with your hand sprinkle and sowe them all ouer the bed so thicke as may be which done with a fine Rake rake the bed gently ouer then taking spare fine mould put it into a ridling Siue and sift it ouer the bed better then two fingers thickenesse and so let it rest thus you shall doe seuerally with euery séede one after another bestowing euery one vpon a seuerall bed Now for your Pot-hearbs which are most generally in vse they be these Endiue and Succorie which delight in moyst ground and will endure the winter Bleete of which there be two kindes Red and White this Hearbe neuer néedeth wéeding and if he be suffered to shed his séed it will hardly euer to be got out of a Garden Then Beets which must be much wéeded for they lo●● to liue by themselues and if they grow too thick● you may take them vp when they are a finger long in their 〈◊〉 earth and set them in another bed and they will prosper much better Then land Cresses which is both a good Pot-hearb● and a good Sallet-Hearbe it loueth shadowie places where the Sunne shineth least and standeth in néed of little dung Then Parcely which of all Hearbs is of most vse it is longest in appearing aboue ground and the elder s●●d is the quicker in growth but not the surer but eyther being once come vp increase naturally and doe hardly euer decay it cannot grow too thicke but as you vse it you must cut off the toppes with your knife and by no meanes pull vp the rootes if it be put into a little pursse and beaten against the ground to bruise it a little before it be sowne it will make it haue a large crisped leafe Then Sauory of which are two kindes the Winter Sauory and Summer both delight in leane ground and are quicke of growth and long lasting Then Time of which are also two kindes the running Time and the Garden Time they delight in fertile ground and from the séede are very slow of growth therefore it is best euer to set them from the ●lip The running Time doth delight in the shadow but the Garden Time in the Sunne Then French Mallowes which will ioy in any ground and are quicke of growth Then Cheruill which will not by any meanes grow with any other Hearbe Then Dill which may be sowne almost in any moneth of the yéere as well as March it endureth all weathers but loueth the warmth best Then Isop ● which in like manner as Time is slow of growth from the séed and therefore ●itter to be set from the slips after it hath once taken roote it encreaseth wonderfully and will hardly be destroyed Then Mints which flourish onely in the Summer time but dye in the Winter it delighteth most in the moyst ground Then Violets the leaues whereof are a good Pot-hearb and the Flowers preserued in close glasse pots with strong Wine-vinegar and Sugar a most excellent Sallet it doth delight to grow high and will grow spéedely eyther from the plant or from the séed Then Basill which would be sowne in the warme weather as at the beginning of May for the séed is tender and when you haue sowne it you shall presse the earth downe vpon it with your féet for the seede can endure no hollownesse if you sowe it at the fall of the Leafe you shall sprinkle the séede with Uinegar and when you water it let the Sunne be at his height Then swéet Marioram which would be sowne on rich ground and farre from Sunneshine for it taketh no delight in his beames Then Marigolds which renew euery moneth and endure the Winter as well as the Summer this Hearbe the oftner you remoue it the bigger it groweth Then Strawberries whose leaues are a good Pot-hear●e and the fruit the wholesomme●t berry this Hearbe of all other would be set of the plant and not sowne from the séed for the oft changing and remouing of it causeth it to grow bigger and bigger it groweth best vnder the shadowes of other Hearbes but very sufficiently in beds or else where Then Borage and Buglosse both which are of one nature they would be sowne in small quantity for where they take they will runne ouer a whole Garden the séed must be gathered when it is halfe ripe it is so apt to shed and when you gather it you must plucke vp the stalkes leaues all and so laying them one vpon another thrée or foure dayes their own heat will bring the séed to ripenes Then Rosemary which is an Hearbe tender and ●●●rious yet of singular vertue it is soone slaine with frost or lightening it will grow plentifully from the séede but much better from the slip it delighteth to be planted against some Wall where it may haue the re●lection of the Sunne for to stand vnpropped of himselfe the very shaking of the winde will kill it Then Penyroyall which most properly is vsed to be mixt with Puddings made of the bloud of Beasts Oatmeale of it there be two kindes Male and Female the Male beareth a white flower and the Female a purple it must be sowne in small quantity for it will runne and spread ouer-much ground it delighteth most in moyst earth Then Leekes which would haue a fertile ground and as soone as they be shot vp a good length you shall cut the blades to the polt and then remoue the heads and set them borderwise about your other beds this remouing after the cutting off the blades wil make them grow bigger and prosper better as for thrusting Oyster-shels or Tyle-shreads vnder them to make the heads bigger it is a toy for if the mould be loose and good the Léeke will come to his perfect growth they may be sowne both in March Aprill May and Iune and they may be remoued all Iuly August September and October Then Onions which differ not much from the nature of Léekes they loue a fertile Soyle and would be sowne with the séeds of Sauory when they come vp if they grow too thicke as is often séene you shall plucke vp some and spend them in the Pot and in Sallets to giue the rest more roome and some you shall take vp and replant in other beds which you may preserue for séede those Onion● which you would not haue to séede you shall cut off the b●ades in the midst that the iuyce may descend downew●rd and when you sée the heads of the Onions appearing aboue the earth you shall with your féet tread them into the ground● there be some very well experienst Husbands which will take the fayrest goodliest and soundest Onions they can get and in this moneth of March set them thrée fingers déepe in the earth and these

know that Roses may as well be sowne from the séede as planted from the roote Syen or branch onely they are the slower in comming vp more tender to nourish and much longer in yéelding forth their flowers yet for satisfaction sake and where necessitie vrgeth if of force or pleasure you must sowe it from the séede you shall chuse a ruffish earth loose and well dunged and you shall cast vp your beds high and narrow the moneth which is fit for their sowing is September and they must be couered not aboue foure fingers déepe they must be defended well all the Winter from frosts and stormes and then they will beare their flowers plentifully all the next Spring following yet this is to be noted that all Roses which rise from the séede simply their flowers will be single like the Eglantine or Cyphanie therefore after your plants are two yéeres olde you must graft one into another as you doe other fruit and that will make them double and thicke also you must remember that those yellow small séedes which are in the midst of the Rose are not true Rose séedes but those which lye hid in the round peare knob vnder the Rose which as soone as the leaues are fallen away will open and shew the séede And thus much touching the sowing of all sorts of Roses which is for experience and knowledge sake onely for indéede the true vse and property of the Rose is to be planted in short slips about fourtéene inches long and the small tassels of the roote cut away they would be set halfe a foote into the ground in the same manner as you set ordinary Quick-set and of like thicknesse rather a little slope-wise then vpright and though some thinke March the best season yet doubtlesse September is much better for hauing the roote confirmed all the Winter they will beare the sooner and better all the Sommer following you must be carefull to plant them in faire weather and as néere as you can vnder shelter as by the sides of walls and such like couert where the Sunne may reflect against them and if they be planted on open beds or borders then you must with Poales and other necessaries support and hold them vp least the winde shake their rootes and hinder their growing The red Rose is not fully so tender as the Damaske neither is it so pleasant in smell nor doubleth his leaues so often yet it is much more Phisicall and oftner vsed in medicine it is likewise fitter to be planted then sowen and the earth in which it most ioyeth would be a little rough or grauelly and the best compasse you can lay vnto it is rubbish or the sweeping of houses the moneths to sowe or plant it in is March or September the time to prune and cut away the superfluous branches is euer the midst of October The white Rose is of lesse smell then the red and will grow in a harder ground his vse is altogether in Phisicke as for sore eyes and such like it will grow into a Trée of some bigge substance and is seldome hurt with frosts stormes or blastings it would likewise be planted from the roote against some high wall either in the moneth of February or March and the oftner you plant and replant it the doubler and larger the flower will be for the earth it much skilleth not because it will grow almost in euery ground onely it delights most in the shadow and would be seldome pruned except you finde many dead branches The Cinamon Rose is for the most part sowen and not planted whence it comes that you shall euer sée the leaues single and little the delicacie thereof being onely in the smell which that you may haue most fragrant and strong you shall take a vessell of earth being full of small holes in the bottome and sides and fill it with the richest earth you can get being made fine and loose then take Damaske Rose séedes which are hard and sound and steepe them foure and twenty houres in Cinamon water I doe not meane the distilled water but faire Conduit water in which good store of Cinamon hath bin stéeped or boyled or milk wherin good store of Cinamon hath bin dissolued and then sow those séedes into the Pot and couer them almost thrée fingers déepe then morning and euening till they appeare aboue the earth water them with that water or milke in which the séedes were stéeped then when they are sprung vp a handfull or more aboue the ground you shall take them vp mould and all and hauing drest a border or bed for the purpose plant them so as they may grow vp against some warme wall or pale and haue the Sunne most part of the day shining vpon them and you shall be sure to haue Roses growing on them whose smell will be wonderfull pleasant as if they had béene spiced with Cinamon and the best season of sowing these is euer in March at high noone day the weather shining faire and the winde most calme Now if you would haue these Roses to grow double which is an Act yet hid from most Gardners you shall 〈◊〉 Michaelmasse take the vppermost parts of the Plants from the first knot and as you graft either Plumme or Apple so graft one into another and couer the heads with earth or clay tempered with Cinamon-water and they will not onely grow double but the smell will be much swéeter and looke how oft you will graft and 〈◊〉 graft them so much more double and double they will proue The Prouince Rose is a delicate flower for the eye more then the nose for his oft grafting abateth his smell but doubleth his leafe so oft that it is wonderfull therefore if you will haue them large and faire you shall take the fairest Damaske Roses you can get and graft them into the red Rose and when they haue shot out many branches then you shall graft each seuerall branch againe with new grafts of another grafted Damaske Rose and thus by grafting graft vpon graft you shall haue as faire and well coloured Prouince Roses as you can wish or desire and thus you may doe either in the Spring or fall at your pleasure but the fall of the leafe is euer helde the best season Now if your Roses chaunce to loose their smels as it all happeneth through these double graftings you shall then plant Garlicke heads at the rootes of your Roses and that will bring the pleasantnesse of their sent vnto them againe Now for your generall obseruations you shall remember that it is good to water your Roses morning and euening till they be gathered you shall rather couet to plant your Roses in a dry ground then a wette you shall giue them much shelter strong support and fresh dung twise at the least euery yeare when the leafe is fallen you shall cutte and prune the branches and when the buds appeare you then begin your

béene found a hole in the top which hath runne cleane through the heart and vtterly spoyled the whole Timber so likewise on the contrary part I haue séene a Trée very foule at the top which is suspitious for rottennesse whose armes haue growne so close and narrow together that they haue promised little burthen yet being cut downe I haue séene that Trée passing sound the armes double the loades in valuation and the price being lesse then any the proofe and goodnesse to excéede all so that I must conclude it all together impossible to set downe any fixed or certaine rules either for the buyer or seller but for as much as there are diuers worthie obseruances for both parts and that it is as necessary to buy well as sell well I will runne through euery particular obseruation which doth belong both to the one and the other partie with which when a mans minde is perfectly acquainted he may with much bolder confidence aduenture to buy or sell in the open Market The first thing therefore that either buyer or seller should be skilfull in is the choyse of all sorts of Timbers and to know which is fit for euery seuerall purpose the crooked and vneyely being for some vses of much higher price and reckoning then that which is plaine straight and euen growne as thus for example If you would buy Timber for Mill-whéeles the heads of round Turrets or any kinde of any worke whatsoeuer you shall chuse that which is crooked and some-what bent bring sound firme and vnshaken If you will chuse Timber for Summer Trées Baulks Iawnies or Tracens you shall chuse that which is most hartie sound and much twound or as it were wrythen about which you shall with great ease perceiue by the twinding or crooked going about of the barke the graine whereof will as it were circle and la● round about the Trée This Timber which is thus twound or wrythen will by no meanes ryue or cleaue asunder and therefore is estéemed the best to support and beare burthen and the heart thereof will endure and la●● the longest If you will chuse Timber for Pales Singles Copers-ware Wainscote or such like then you shall euer chuse that which is smooth euen and straight growne without any manner of twynding or shaking which you shall perceiue by the straight and euen growing vp of the barke whose crests will ascend straight and vpright euen from the roote to the bottome which is an assured token that all such Timber will shiuer and ryue into as thinne parts as a man would desire Lastly if you would chuse Timber to make Pyles of to driue into the earth for the framing of Weares with●● the water the heads of Ponds or any other worke within the water then you shall chuse that which is most knottie so it be sound for that will driue without splitting and continue in the earth the longest and of all Timbers the Elme is accounted the best for this purpose for it will continue almost euerlastingly in the earth without rotting yet notwithstanding the Oake is excellent good also and thus much for the generall choise of Oakes Now if you would chuse Timber for weather-boards or to be vsed in water-workes or to make Planks for low moyst Uaults then you shall chuse the biggest soundest and smoothest growne Elme it is also excellent good to make Kitchen tables of or for boards for the vse of Butchers If you will chuse the most principallest Timber for Cart or Waine Axel trées for the naues of whéeles or for any other vse of toughnesse you shall chuse the Elme onely for it excéedeth all other Timbers and though some Husbandmen are of opinion that the Elme Axel-trée when it is throughly heated is then most apt to breake they are much deceiued for it will endure farre beyond Ash or any other Timber except Yewgh which for the scarsity is now of little vse in such a purpose And herein you must obserue that the Elme which you chuse for Axel-trées must be straite smooth and without knots but that which you chuse for naues must be most knotty twound and the hardest to be broken or hewed asunder If you will chuse Timber for Ploughes ordinary Axel-trées for those of Elme are speciall the rings of whéeles harrow bulls and such like then you shall chuse the fairest straightest biggest and smoothest growne Ash that you can finde and from the roote end vpward you shall cut out a length of Axel-trées aboue it a length of shelbordes and aboue it if the Trée be so large a length for heads and Skeathes the largest armes which are somewhat bending you shall elect for rings for whéeles and so according to the bignesse of the Ash and as your eye can proportion out what will be made of the same you shall make valuation thereof If you would chuse Timber for ioyned Tables Cupbords or Bedsteds you shall then make choise of the fairest Walnut-trée you can finde being olde straight vnknotted and of a high boale and although either Oake or Ash will reasonably well serue for this purpose yet the Walnut-trée is by many degrées the best of all other for it is of smoothest graine and to the eye most beautifull prouided that by no meanes you put it into any worke before it be excéedingly well seasoned If you would chuse Timber for Ioynt stooles Chaires or Chests you shall then chuse the oldest Peare-trée so it be sound for it is both smooth swéet and delicate and though it be a very soft Wood yet in any of these frames it is an excéeding long laster and the heart thereof will neuer bréede worme nor will it in any time loose the colour If you would chuse Timber for Trenchers Dishes or any Tourners ware or for any in-laying worke you shall then make choise of the fairest and soundest Maple being smooth and vnknotted for it is the plainest graine and the whitest Wood of all other and although either the Béech or Poplar will reasonably well serue for these purposes yet is neither the colours so good nor the Timber so long lasting Many other Trées there are which may serue for many other purposes but these are of most vse for our English Husbandman and will sufficiently serue to passe through all his businesses Touching Char-coale you shall vnderstand that Oake Elme and Ash make your longest and best en●uring Coale the Birtch the finest and brightest Coale and the Béech or Sallow the swiftest Coale Now for your small Coale the twigges of the Birtch makes that which kindles the soonest and the White-thorne that which endures the longest Thus when you know how to chuse euery seuerall Trée and the true vse and profit which can any way be made of the same and by a practised experience can cast by the suruay and view of a standing Wood the almost entire profit that may arise from the same deuiding in your

beast make thereof great orts yet is the losse not great for those orts may be giuen to other heilding and hungrie cattell which will eate them with great eagernesse This Hay would in the first gathering not be withered too sore but so stackt-vp with a little hartie gréen●esse that it may a little mo●●-burne and alter the colour to a Redish brounnesse but by no meanes so moyst that it may mould rot or putrifie for that is f●●some and v●de but onely alter the colour and thereby make the smell swéetee and stronger This Hay will entice a beast to eate and will strengthen and inable his stomacke and withall will bréed in him such a drought or thirst that hardly any water will quench him and the Grazier takes it euer for an infall●ble signe that when his beast drinkes much he féeds fast and his tallo● wonderfully increaseth For the ordinarie times of foddring your fat cattell if they be in the stall and as we say tyed vp by the head the best is in the morning before and after water at noone in the euening before after water and late in the night when you goe to bed but if they féede abroad and take the benefit of Foggs and after-grasse then to fodder them Morning Euening and high-noone is fully sufficient Here I could speake of Pease-f●●ding of Shéep Swine and other cattel eyther at the Trough Kée●●e Stacke or such like the seuerall manner of cratches fashions of st●ls and many other necessary rules appertaining to this mysterie but I am against my will confine● and therefore must referre i● to some other occasion being loath to spoyle an excellent discourse with a tale halfe fould and imperfectly spoken And thus much therefore of Me●owes and their seuerall vses CHAP. VIII A new method for the husbandly curing of all manner of Cattels diseases OF this Theame I haue written a whole or as some will suppose many Histories yet doubtlesse nothing too much the cause is so necessary and co●●edious yet this I must let euery Reader vnderstand that what I 〈◊〉 herein formerl● done I did for a general and vncontrou●lable satisfaction to the whole Kingdome both the learn●● and vnlearned and as well to satisfie the nicest 〈◊〉 most curious opinion as the simple and playne 〈◊〉 creature whence it came that I waded Artfully and profoundly into the vttermost secrets of this knowledge ●●●uing nothing vnsearcht or vnset downe that might 〈◊〉 way tend to the satisfaction of any iudiciall Reader 〈◊〉 therefore tooke liberty to make a large progresse without sparing any paynes to make my worke absolutely 〈◊〉 perfect But now hauing onely to doe with our 〈◊〉 playne English Husbandman who eyther cannot 〈◊〉 read or else hath little leasure to read at most but ● little memorie to bestow vpon his readings I haue 〈◊〉 for his ease both of memory readings and other ve●ao●s drawne him such a method for the curing of all the diseases in cattell as was neuer yet found out by 〈◊〉 man or Authour whatsoeuer and is worthy to be ●●●serued to all posterities for euer and euer To beginne then first with the Horse which is the ●●●bandmans principallest creature you shal vnderstand that he hath of my knowledge one hundred and odde disea●●● or infirmities besides other hurts and blemishes for 〈◊〉 which I haue seuerally shewed seuerall cures as may ●●peare by the volumes which are much too great for 〈◊〉 Husbandman to carry in his braynes and therefore for his ease I haue drawne all those hundred and odde sicknesses or sorrances into twelue and will assure euery Husbandman that with these twelue medicines following hée shall perfectly cure all the diseases in a Horse whatsoeuer To procéede then-in an orderly manner to the curer Euery husbandman must know that all diseases in a horse are inward or outward inward as offending the vitall parts or outward as troubling the members to speake then first of inward sicknesse I will diuide it into two branches that is eyther it offends the heart or the brayne If it offend the heart we call them Feauers Yellowes Anticor consumption of lungs Liuer Splene Gall or other intra●● Wormes Fluxes Belly-bound and diuers other of like nature For any or all which you shall first let your Horse bloud in the neck-veine and then giue him during his sicknesse to drinke eyther in swéete Wine or strong Ale or Béere if Wine a pinte if Ale or Béere a quart two spoonefull of the powder called Diapente made of Aristolochia root Gen●iana Myrthe Eboni and Bachi lauri of each equall quantitie and let it be well brewed together and doe thus euery Morning fasting and let the Horse fast two houres after it If it offend the brayne we call them Appopleries Palsies Staggers Colds Gl●●nder To●gh●s mourning of the chyne Migrims dizzinesse and a world of such like and the cure is to take Assafeteda and dissoluing it in Uinegar dip hurds therein and stop it hard into his eares for two Mornings together after you haue taken from him great store al bloud at his meeke-veine and then giue him to drinke during his sicknesse euery Morning a quart of Milke wherein the white and rough cankerrous Mosse of an old Oake pale hath béene sodden till the Milke grow thicke then strayned so giuen luke warme and if you finde that no heauinesse or dizzinesse appeare in his head then you may forbeare the bloud-letting and the Assafeteda but not otherwise in any case and thus assuredly these two medicines alreadie declared will cure all the inward diseases in a Horse whatsoeuer Now for outward diseases they are eyther naturall or accidentall If they be naturall they eyther grow from the generation or bréede from whence a Horse is descended or else from corruption of foode or other vnwholesome kéeping If they grow from the bréede and generation of the Horse we call them the Uiues Wens Knots or swellings about the throat and for the cure thereof take a peny-worth of Pepper beaten into powder a spoonefull of swines-grease the iuyce of one handfull of Kew two spoonefuls of Uineger and mixe them together and put this equally into both the Horses eares and so tye them vp and shake the eares that the medicine may sinke downe and take good store of bloud from the Horses necke veine and temple veines and vse this medicine two or thrée mornings together If they proéede from corruption of foode or any other vnwholsome kéeping which corrupteth the bloud then we call them Impostumations Byles Botches Fistulaes Polemill and such like and the cure is to take the l●ame of an old mudde wall strawes and all but let there be no Lime amongst it and boyle this loame with strong Uineger till it belike a Pultus and as hot as the Horse can abide it apply it to the sore place and it will not onely draw it to a head and breake it but also draw it search