into the pot Licorice bruised let this decoction coole at leisure And as for outward meanes it is good to apply a Cataplasme made of Pellitorie of the wall vnto the reines or else a Cataplasme made of the root of Cypres and the leaues of Bell-flower boyled in wine The best and most soueraigne of all the rest is to prepare a Bath wherein haue boyled the leaues of water-Paâ—sley Mallowes Holihocks March Violets Pellitorie flowers of Broome and Camomill and within the Bath vpon the reines a bagge full of Branne and water-Parsley For the Collick caused of Grauell cause to boyle the leaues and flowers of Camomill in an equall quantitie of water and white wine to the wasting of the third part drinke the decoction warme suddenly the paine will be appeased For the difficultie of Vrine drinke the iuice of Winter Cherries or the decoction of Radish roots in white wine or the decoction of hearbe Patience or of the Thistle said to haue an hundred heads or of Bell-flower or of the white prickly Thistle or of Sperage or of Dogs-grasse or of Rest harrow also apply vpon the yard or secret parts a Cataplasme or Liniment of Fleawort Some hold it for a great secret to drinke white wine wherein hath beene brayed Sowes found in caues and hollow places or to make powder of the said Sowes dryed and so to giue the same to drinke in white wine Others doe greatly esteeme the distilled water of the pillings of the root of Rest-harrow first steeped in Malmesey For the stone in the Bladder it is a singular thing to drinke the iuice of Limons with white wine or to make a powder of the stones of Medlars first washed in white wine and after dryed of Broome-seed Burnet-seed and of the seed of Sperage Holihockes Saxifrage Melons Pompions Citruls and of the hearbe good against pearles and to vse these with white wine There is an hearbe growing at the new Towne LeGuyard called in French Crespinette by those that dwell thereabouts and of this the young Ladie of Villeneufue sister to the late deceased Monsieur Cardinall of Bellay caused to be distilled a Water which is singular against the difficultie of Vrine and the stone in the Bladder as I my selfe haue proued diuers times Some hold it also for a singular remedie to make a powder of the stones of Sponges or of the stone which is found in the head of Cray-fishes or of the shells of small Nuts or of the gumme of Cherrie trees and to take it with white Wine or the iuice of Radishes Or else the distilled water of the stalkes of Beanes red Cich-pease and the seed of Holihock The which followeth of Glasse is a great secret which being burned and quenched seuen times in the water of Saxifrage and afterward made into a verie fine powder and giuen with white wine vnto the partie troubled with grauell doth breake the stone in them in any part of the bodie Another secret is that of the shells of egges which haue brought forth Chickens being brayed brewed and drunke with white wine which breaketh the stone as well of the Reines as of the Bladder For all such persons as pisse in their bed whiles they be asleepe and cannot hold their vrine there is nothing better than to eat oftentimes the lungs of a young Kid rosted or to drinke with wine the powder of the braines or stones of a Hare as also the powder of a Cowes bladder or of a Hogs Sheepe or Goats bladder or the powder made of the roots of Bistort or of Tormentill with the iuice of Plantaine or with the milke of Sheepe or the ashes of the flesh of an Hedgehog For the burning of the Vrine let be taken of shell-Snayles and whites of egges of each a pound of the great and small cold feeds of each halfe an ounce halâ—e a pound of the water of Lettuce foure ounces of good Cassia three ounces of Venice Turpentine powne that which may be powned and let it all stand to mix together for the space of a night afterward distill them in a Limbecke in Mariâ—s bath let this water settle some time before that you vse it giue thereof halfe an ounce euerie morning with a dramme of Saccharum Rosatum continue the vse thereof as long as you are able To make a woman fruitfull which is barren let her drinke foure dayes after the purging of her naturall course the iuice of Sage with a verie little salt and let her continue and goe ouer this course diuers times To stay the excessiue flux of the flowers of Women they must drinke with the iuice of Plantaine the powder of the Cuttle bone or the bone of a Sheepes foot burned or the shells which Pilgrims bring home after their pilgrimage to S. Iames or of Corall or of Harts horne or of the shells of burnt egges or of twelue red graines of the seed of Pionie or to swallow with the yolke of an egge the powder of Tezill or the scumme of yron first dipt in vineger and after made into fine powder And as for outward meanes it is good to apply vnto the Nauell shell-Snayles well brayed or the red in the void space of the Nut burnt and powdred and mingled with wine Make a Cataplasme of Soot or of the scraping got from vnder the bottome of a Caulâ—rton mingle it with the white of an egge or the iuice of dead Nettle or white Mulâ—â—â—ne and apply it vnto the loynes and bottome of the belly Or to fill a bag sufficient full of grosâ—e salt to dip in fresh water newly drawne out of the Well and to apply it to the hollow of the Reines Some make great account of Cherry-tree gumme infused in the iuice of Plantaine and cast into the priuie parts with small Siâ—ings 〈◊〉 to apply to the breasts the leaues of Celandine For the white termes of Women after that the bodie is purged it is good to drinke with the iuice of Plantaine or the water of Purcelane the powder of Amber of Corall or of Bole Armoniake or of Terra sigillata or of Steele prepared or of Sponge burnt in a pot or of the Sea-Snayle first burnt and afterward washt in wine And as for outward meanes there must be made a Lee with ashes of Oake wood or of the Figge-tree or of the Osier in which there must be boyled the rind of Pomegranats Gâ—â—â—s pieces of Corke leaues and roots of Bisâ—ort and of Peruincle beyond-sea Roses with a verâ—e small quantitie of Allome and Salt and of this to make a fomentation or a halfe bath For to cause women to haue their termes they must drinke euerie morning two ounces of the water of Mugwort or of the decoction of Dogs-grasse Cich-pease the seed of common or Romane Nigella of the root of Smallage Cinnamon and Saffron the roots of Radish of the Tasell in which one may dissolue as much Mirrhe as the quantitie of a Beane The iuice
commodious to either CHAP. XXVI Of the Goat-heard SVndrie countries in Europe and particularly some places of France are to be found where they haue not the commoditie and benefit of any greater cattell than the Goat and of this they can make milke meats much Butter and more wholesome than that of the sheepe as other things also accompanying thesame the wooll and skin onely excepted of which notwithstanding they make Chamlet in Turkie and as for their young ones they are sold in their season and make as good meat as any that can be found And this time is when as birds doe couple and match together and other beasts goe to rut for the young ones of this kind being indeed verie young are apt to be compared vvith the Lambes of the same age Witnesse to the Cookes and Vittailers vvhich craftily set the tayle of a Kid vpon the quarter of a lambe which is found to haue but a skinnie and vnsauorie flesh without any daintinesse or tast at all saue of the milke The Goat is fed as it were with nothing he brouseth and feedeth of all manner of grasse of pricking things be they neuer so sharpe vpon the hedges bushes brambles yea vpon venimous and infectious things he loueth to brouse the wood of fruit trees he delighteth to licke the moist walls and rockes tasting of Saltpetur in such sort as that you shall neuer see a Goat dye of hunger he feedeth for the most part of a more solide meat than the Weather and climeth into higher places and where the Sunne hath greater power besides he is of greater stirring and more giuen to exercise and therewithall framed of a more strong and lustie bodie These haue beene the causes why men in times past haue esteemed them as they doe yet also in hillie countries and we for the few that we haue doe prouide Heards and Houses for them amongst the Sheepe and wee seperate the male Goats in such sort as vve doe the Rammes Their house must bee paued vvith stone eyther by workemen or naturally for these cattell are not allowed any kind of litter at all and that because they like it better to lye vpon the bare and hard ground than to lie vpon litter yea and oftentimes they will lie asleepe vpon the â—â—rie points of rockes or vpon the steepe corners of high hills toward the heat o◠〈◊〉 Sunne rather than vnder any shadow or else vpon the fresh and soft grasse but 〈◊〉 be of variable complexions and therefore it is no shame for a man to call anothâ—â— goatie if he be found mutable and full of changes in his manners and carriage Anâ— for as much as we are farre off from Languedoc Auuergne and the hillie places 〈◊〉 Sauoy in which this kind of prouision being a speciall commoditie of those couâ—tries is had in great estimation we will make a shorter description and discourse both of the maner of ordring them than we do in the like case of such as beare woall as also for that these two sorts of cattell are placed together vnder one roofe and 〈◊〉 one cratch feeding vpon the like fodder and are as it were handled after the 〈◊〉 manner and kept in the same flocke The painefull Goat-heard shall make cleane their house euerie day and shall not suffer any dung or moisture therein or that with trampling they make any dirt for all these are verie contrarie vnto goats He himselfe must be of the nature of goaâ— that is to say nimble couragious rough hard diligent patient cheerefull and bold and aduenturing to goe amongst the rockes through deserts and bushes noâ— that he should follow his flocke into euerie place as other heards doe their cattell bâ—â— that he be euerie day before them He must not be charged with moe than fiftie because this cattell is foolish and dissolute easie to stray abroad hither and thither contrarie vnto sheepe which keepe together and trouble not their heard with gathering of them together He shall beware and not suffer them to feed in cold places far cold is more hurtfull vnto them than any other thing He shall draw them forth to the fields by breake of day so long as the dew falleth that so hauing filled themselues of the grasse thus bedewed they may returne home about nine of the clocke their vdders of milke and then againe about three they are to be sent to the fields that they may feed and continue there vntill the euening In Winter time he may lead them to fields from nine a clocke vntill night without any hurt done vnto them either by the open aire or cold be it neuer so sharpe they are of so strong 〈◊〉 It is true that if the weather be tedious or Rainie or full of Snow as in Winter he shall keepe them in their cote and giue them to eat the tender sprouts and stalkes of herbes gathered in September and dried in the Sunne and afterward kept in the hay loft or some such other place out of the raine He shall vse the meanes to cause them to ingender in Autumne before the moneth of December as he doth the sheep to the end that in the Spring when the trees bud and the woods begin to put forth new leaues they may bring forth their young ones When he would haue his goats to haue good store of milke he shall giue them to eat ynough fiue-leaued grasse or shall tie about their bellies the hearbe Dittanie or else carrie them to feed in some place where there groweth great store of it The goodnesse of a goat must be esteemed and gathered by these signes If she be one yeare old and not past fiue if she haue a great bodie firme and swift thicke haire great and grosse teats large beneath the taile and about her thighs rather of a reddish or blacke colour than of a white for although that some say that the white doe yeeld more milke yet the reddish coloured and blacke are more pleasant frolicke and merrily disposed without hornes rather than horned for those which haue no hornes doe not cast their young so soone and they doe keepe more conueniently amongst sheepe than those which haue hornes The male goat is much to be esteemed if he be not aboue fiue yeare old for in respect of his heat which is exceeding great he doth easily grow old which hath a great bodie grosse legges a thicke and short necke hanging and great eares a small head blacke haire thicke neat and long without hornes for such as haue hornes by reason of their pushing and eagernesse are dangerous which hath likewise vnder his chaps two bearded knobs or kernels The profit that the farmer may make of his goats is their dung whether it be by folding them vpon their fallowes in the Summer time or that it be such as is made 〈◊〉 gathered in their coats the Kids the flesh whereof is held so daintie the Goat-â—word whereof gloues are
Toâ—d-stooles and to preserue from drunkennesse or else to driâ—e 〈◊〉 away being alreadie possessed If you boyle Leekes with Earth-wormes in Oyle vnto the consumption of the third part and afterward straine out this Oyle it will be singular good for the vlcers and noise in the eares Small Leekes must be sowne in the Spring at such time as other hearbs are sowneâ— they make a faire shew because of their thinne and little leaues and because also they keepe greene all the yeare long they may seeme to be the same with Chibols and Cyues which are wont to be vsed in Salads to helpe to temper the coolenesse of other hearbes vsed in Salads because the Chibols and Cyues haue no head but onely a long stalke like vnto Leekes CHAP. XXII Of Purcelane PVrcelane loueth to be sowne in Februarie March Aprill May and Iune but not at anie other time for it cannot abide the cold It commeth in great aboundance vpon Beds mixt well with old dung or in a ground that is verie fat of it selfe especially if it be sowne amongst Colewoâ—â— Onions and Leekes and after it hath once taken with the ground it will not faile anie yeare afterward though you take no paines with the sowing of it notwithstanding it craueth to be oft watered that it rise not vpright like the stocke of a tree It must be placed in the shadowes of trees and amongst clods full of hearbes but not thicke for then it could not well spread it selfe abroad Purcelane eaten doth cure the roughnesse and astonishment of the teeth stayeth spitting of bloud and quencheth the heat of the reines notwithstanding that this hearbe is hard to digest and nourisheth but a little being applyed vnto the browes is appeaseth the head-ach and being layd vpon the nauell it killeth the wormes 〈◊〉 children The decoction of the leaues thereof or the seed or the water distilled is â— soueraigne remedie against the Bloudie flux and the Wormes in children A leaâ—e of Purcelane put vpon the tongue assuageth thirst A Cataplasme made of Purcelane and Barly mâ—ale applyed vnto the liuer and â—lanke worketh a maruellous effect against burning Agues A Liniment made with Honey and the powder of the root of Purcelane dried healeth the chaps of the lips and hands This Purcelane is an excellent Salad and by a cooling operation which it hath keepeth the bloud in a most excellent temper You preserue it all the yeare by boyling it first in faire water then drayning the water from it spread it vpon a faire table and cast good store of salt amongst it then when it is throughly cold pot it vp in cleane sweet pots of Earth and poure vpon it either a good strong Brine or Vineger and Salt mixt together till the Purcelane be cleane couered or if you feare the ouer-saltnesse of it then you need but onely make a well-tasted pickle such as you put to Oliues and with it couer the Purcelane then close the pot vp close till you haue cause to vse it And if at anie time you find the pickle or brine to 〈◊〉 away from the hearbes and leaue them drie you must immediately renew it and couer it all ouer againe for it is apt to putrifie and nothing bringeth it more sooner thereunto than the want of moisture Therefore you must haue care euer once in three of foure dayes to open your pots and to mend what you shall find amisse in them and if you find anie hoâ—rinesse cleauing vnto the pots sides you must cleanse that away also CHAP. XXIII Of Onions Chibols and Chyâ—es FOr the most part Onions so called of the French because they haue but onely one white root like to a pearle which the Latines call Vnio whether they be white red or round would be sowne in Ianuarie Februarie and March in a fat ground well dunged blacke well turned as also well cleansed from stones and enriched or else in a red earth which is short and murlie for in it they grow excellently They would be remoued in Aprill all along well weeded and often laboured to cause them to grow great and thicke and they must be kept from cold and freezing winds In them we must obserue a nature contrarie vnto that of other Hearbes and Plants being of greatâ—â— force and vertue in the encrease of the Moone than in the decrease quite conrarie to that of Onions which in the wane of the Moone is more effectuall and in the growth of the Moone more drie and weake Such as are intended to be kept for seed when they begin to put forth their stalke and to rise aloft must haue small sâ—ickes or poles to set by them and keepe them vpright that the wind doe not bow or breake them downe They must be gathered in the old of the Moone in faire and drie weather when the leaues begin to drie and the seed to grow blacke 〈◊〉 then you must pull vp the whole stalkes and drie them in the Sunne And it is said that if they be sowne and planted when the Moone is vnder the earth they tast the stronger but are smaller and lesse Furthermore they must be ordered as Leekes But iâ— must be obserued that they loue and delight in a red earth and to be sowne in faire weather in the decrease of the Moone to be taken vp againe and by and by watered and for to make them grow great they must haue their top taken away when they are planted and their heads vncouered and their earth must be digged twentie daies before they be remoued againe that so it may drie and not haue anie moisture in it And to keepe Onions from rotting you must cast them into warme water and drie them in the Sunne and after that they are drie to lay them vpon Barly straw so as they may not touch one another Who so would make choice of Onions must know that the round and white ones are a great deale better than those of a rusâ—etish or reddish colour and not to be so hot and sharpe as the other The best in France are those which grow at Fertlonion a small village neere vnâ—â— Estamps for it hath his name vpon that occasion The Onion though it be the Countrey mans meat is better to vse than to 〈◊〉 for he that eateth euerie day tender Onions with Honey to his breakfast shall liue the more healthfull so that they be not too new for the drie are more healthfull 〈◊〉 the greene the boyled than the raws the preserued than the drie wherefore the drie must be chosen to vse in Salads fried Meats Gallymawfries baked Meats Sawces Beane pottage and other vses The iuice of Onions causeth haire to grow againe cleanseth filthie â—ares and such as runne with mattar taketh away white spots as well out of the face as from the rest of the bodie It cureth the Dropsie with the iuice of Fennell if it be but beginning it purgeth the braine through
difficultie of Vrine it strengtheneth the Reines â—nd healeth the bitings of venimous beasts The distilled water thereof is good aâ—ainst both quotidian and quartane Feauers it helpeth the French disease and stopâ—eth salt humors Then lastly Feniculus Porcinus which delighteth a great deale â—ore in the shade than in the Sunne-shine it would be sowne or planted either in 〈◊〉 Spring time or in Autumne it comforteth much the sinewes and strengtheneth â—eake backes To conclude those hearbes which affect the South is first the blessed Thistle of â—hich we haue spoke before Then Veruaine of which there be two sorts the male â—nd the female both desire to be planted from the roots in good ground either in the â—pring or in Autumne This hearbe is of great reputation especially amongst the â—omanes who vse if continually amongst their Inchantments it taketh away the â—aine of the Teeth and it healeth anie old Vlcer it is good against anie Feaâ—er easeth the paine of the Collicke and expelleth Grauell Then Saxifrage which is of two sorts the great and the lesse they may be sowne or planted in anie good ground which is fat and light in the moneth of March The chiefest 〈◊〉 of this hearbe is to breake the Stone prouoke Vrine helpe womens Termes and 〈◊〉 driue away all euill humours out of the Stomacke Then Pionie of which wee 〈◊〉 spoken before Then Hermole or the Turkes hearbe which loueth a fat blacke and drie mould it may be either planted or sowne The vertue of this hearbe 〈◊〉 to make one to hold his Vrine the powder of it being taken either in Broth or 〈◊〉 white Wine Then Acanthus or Brankvrsine is an hearbe which the auncient Aâ—chitects were wont to carue infolding and imbracing their Columnes or Pyllastâ—â— of the Corinthian fashion Whence it came that the Romanes of auncient 〈◊〉 did call it Marmoralia because such Pillars commonly were of Marble It is 〈◊〉 be sowne in the moneths of March or Aprill in a well tilled Garden his 〈◊〉 are good against the Stone and stay the flux of the bellie Then Aristolochia 〈◊〉 both kinds of which wee haue spoken before Then Perforatio which is so called from the affection that it beareth to the Sunne it may be sowne in the Spring 〈◊〉 in anie light earth The seed of this hearbe beaten to powder and drunke in 〈◊〉 Wine cureth a tertian Feauer and easeth those which are troubled with the 〈◊〉 or Sciatica if the powder of it be cast vpon Vlcers it also healeth them and the decoction of the leaues thereof prouoketh Vrine exceedingly Then Arum 〈◊〉 also delighteth in a good Soyle rather moist than drie it flourisheth most in Iune and the leaues thereof are like the leaues of Millet and when it is in the prime 〈◊〉 hath a yellow colour like vnto Saffron it is to be sowne onely in the moneth of March This hearbe is verie soueraigne against the Gout and driueth away 〈◊〉 flegmaticke humours if it be bruised it cureth old Vlcers and all wounds or â—â—tings giuen by the Wolfe the leaues boyled in Wine helpeth bruises and displaced members or bones out of ioint it helpeth the Hemorrhoids also Then 〈◊〉 of which we haue spoke before Then Carline which tooke the name from Charlâ—â— the great King of France who by the vse of it onely cured himselfe of the Plaguâ— it loueth a drie stonie ground and where it may haue the strength of the Sunnâ— beames it must be sowne in the Spring time or else planted from the root 〈◊〉 powder of this hearbe being drunke chaseth away all infection and prouokâ—â— Vrine it is good against all Conuulsions and being made into a Cataplasme â—â—â—tifieth and strengtheneth the heart if it be steeped or mixed well with vineger 〈◊〉 easeth either the Gout or the Sciatica being applyed vnto the place grieued Thâ— little Germander which differeth not much from water Germander onely it â—â—ueth a drie and stonie earth and rather a hot than a cold it loueth the 〈◊〉 beames and is rather to be planted from the root than sowne from the seed 〈◊〉 in the Spring time or in Autumne it is good against infection and helpeth 〈◊〉 Feauers it helpeth the Epilepsis paine in the head and anie other griefes of 〈◊〉 braine it cureth Conuulsions the Gout and warmeth the entrailes Then Nicâ—â—â—ana or Tabacco of which wee haue spoken before Then Peper which must 〈◊〉 planted immediately after Winter in a well tilled earth and endureth long in Gâ—â—dens without anie helpe of transplanting Then Camomill which is of three 〈◊〉 differing onely in the colours of their flowers for the one is white the other yellâ—â— and the third purple It loueth an earth cold and drie it is best planted from 〈◊〉 root or slippe either in Autumne or the Spring time it loueth to be oft troden 〈◊〉 or pressed downe and therefore is most placed in Alleyes Bankes or Seats in 〈◊〉 Garden It is good against a tertian Feauer and the bath which is made 〈◊〉 strengtheneth much weake members and comforteth the sinewes both of the 〈◊〉 and legges it comforteth also the reines The water thereof also distilled is 〈◊〉 good for the same purposes and the iuice thereof mixed with womans 〈◊〉 Rosewater and the iuice of Housleeke warmed and a Rose-cake steeped 〈◊〉 with a Nutmeg grated on it and so applyed vnto the temples of the head â—keth away all paine therein how violent soeuer it be Diuers other hearbes 〈◊〉 be which are of like natures to these alreadie rehearsed but from the experience 〈◊〉 these a reasonable iudgement may find how to plant nourish and vse anie whatsoeuer There be also diuers purgatiue Simples as Rhubarbe Agaricke and such like which for as much as our Soyles will not endure or beare them I will here omit to speake of them onely a word or two of the hearbe Sene which is somewhat more frequent with vs and is of that delicate holesome and harmelesse nature in his working and operation that it may be tearmed the Prince or Head of Simples Then touching Sene you shall vnderstand that it beareth little small thicke leaues vpon a high large stalke it hath flowers of the colour of gold with diuers purple veines running vpon them Some take the Hearbe which Theophrastus writeth of called Colutea to be Sene but they are deceiued therein for the one is a Tree and no Hearbe and the other is an Hearbe and no Tree besides diuers other differences needlesse here to repeat all which are at large see downe by Anthonie Mirauld Doctor of Physicke and a Bourbonois in his booke intituled Maison Champestre It may be planted either from the stalke or root like Rosemarie in anie good fertile and drie soyle where it may haue the full reflection of the Sunne and the season best and fittest for the same plantation is at the later end of Autumne As touching the choice of the best Sene that hath euer the best reputation which is brought from Alexandria in Syria as
root as that it may seeme and shew as though one had cut them away with a hooke and after that to lay them in order in the shadow that so the Sunne may not harme or injure them The manner of making Woad Vnder your Mill which would not be as some vse a Mâ—ll-stone for that crusheth out the sap and juice of the Woad too much but a Mill made of strong timbers the compasse of a large Mill-stone being hollow or dâ—â—uided onâ— out-side from the other and running circular or round and these out-sides shall be bound together both in the middest by the drawing axell-tree and also at the outmost Verdges by strong places of yron made broad and flat with reasonable rebated edges and these plates shall be at least three foot in lengâ—h answering to the full bredth of the trough in which the Mill shall run and this Mill must be 〈◊〉 about by a horse Now the leaues as aforesaid being â—â—rewed in the trough vnder the Mill you shall grind them as small as may be till they come to be as it were all one substance which may easily be done by oft turning the Woad ouer and ouer as the Mill runnes which one must continually doe with a shouell then the Woad being thus sufficiently well ground you shall stay the horse and takâ— all the ground Woad out of the trough and then fill the Mill with fresh Woad againe and thus do till you haue ground all you woad which being finished you shall forthwith mould it vp into great round balls as bigge as a culuerine bullet or twice so bigge as a mans fists and these balls you shall place vpon fleakes or hurdles made of small wands pent-housed housed or couered ouer to keepe them from the raine but all the sides open in such wise that the Sunne or Wind may haue full power to passe through the same and these hurdles shall be mounâ—ed one aboue another in many heights and degrees and your Woad balls shall lye thereupon without touching one another till they be throughly well dried then at the later end of the yeare which is towards Nouember you shall breake those balls againâ— and put them vnder the Mill and grind them as before and then taking it from the Mill you shall lay it in great heapes in some coole vault kept for that purpose onely and when vpon this laying together vpon heapes it shall begin to take heat it must be turned and in turning watered vntill it be sufficiently moistned for as too much water drowneth it so too much heat in the heapes doth burne it thereupon you most pile it vpon heapes not high but long ones and stirre it euerie second day so long as till it become cold and yet after this to put it abroad euerie fouâ—th or sixth day while it be throughly cooled indeed And this worke must be verie carefully performed for otherwise the woad would roast it selfe and proue not any thing worth which being so â—â—immed and ordered as it should it is left in some cold and paued place vntill the time of the selling of it and looke how much the longer it lyeth in heapes in this â—ase by so much it becommeth the better and finer The counâ—rie men of Tholouse in whose countrie there groweth great store of Woad doe not grind their Woad-balls into 〈◊〉 but gather it together by great vessells full and put vnder the Mill-stone to 〈◊〉 out the waterish parts of it and then they make vp the remaining substance 〈…〉 like loâ—ues which they drie and rot afterward by laying them in the 〈◊〉 heat of the Sunne in Sommer time and then they cast these lumpes into their 〈◊〉 where they put their Wooll to be died a blew blacke or other colour as it best pleaseth the Dyers The leaues thereof made into a plaister doe 〈◊〉 â—â—â—â—stumes and heale wounds new made they stay fluxes of bloud heale the wild 〈◊〉 and the vlcers which runne ouer the whole bodie Also the leaues of Woad thus ground are excellent to kill any itch 〈◊〉 or other râ—islike either in men or children also it is most excellent for the diâ—â—â—â— is 〈◊〉 called the Farcie and cureth it verie sodainely CHAP. LVII Of the Tasell THe Tasell called also Venus her bathing tubbe because it keepeth 〈◊〉 drops of water being by nature as all the other Thistles are hot and drie in the lower part of the leaues close by the stalkes to refresh and water it selfe withall serueth greatly in respect of his head for the vse of Clothworkers both to lay the Wooll of their new clothes so muchâ—â— is 〈◊〉 as also to draw forth so much as lyeth loose out of order amongst the rest and it is 〈◊〉 seruiceable or more vnto Cap-makers after that the Cap is spun wouen 〈◊〉 and scoured with sope Walkers-earth or other scouring earth Now he that will 〈◊〉 profit by this hearbe must make choyce of a good fat ground well 〈…〉 tilled with two three or foure arders and well harrowed and then after 〈◊〉 it with the best seed that possibly may be â—â—und and that verie thicke and when 〈◊〉 hath shot one of the earth as in the beginning of May then to make it cleane 〈◊〉 weed it with the hand and in Iune and Iulie to digge it if need be in the end of September you must gather the heads that haue flowred the first yeare leâ—â—â—â—â— the rest to grow for to be gathered the yeare following at such time as they shall be 〈◊〉 flowre The heads cut off the plants must be planted anew in a well tilled ground putting all the root into holes from one to another which is all one with the 〈◊〉 ring of the Radish and trampling the ground vpon them verie orderly and 〈◊〉 and furthermore to digge them when they begin to pricke and put forth branchesâ—â— in March Aprill and May and to cut them which are cankered or 〈◊〉 and so vnprofitable that so the juice of the earth may be fed vpon by those onely which are good and seruiceable And whereas at the time of their flowring they begin 〈◊〉 flowre on high on the head and so downeward till the whole head be 〈…〉 flowre being once fallen you must cut off the head either euening or morning 〈◊〉 halfe a foot of stalke thereunto Furthermore you must not forget that they must be set or sowne in furrowes that so water may haue an orderly course to fall to the 〈◊〉 of them and giue them a continuall refreshment and not to sow them in anie 〈◊〉 place but such as is reasonably watrie for too much moisture maketh the 〈◊〉 the head thereof which is the thing of most importance more low and short and of lesse commodiousnesse You must not gather or bind them vp in bundells 〈◊〉 a drie season towards the moneth of October at the furthest and not any 〈◊〉 earlier than the later end of September Some gathering it doe leaue it at the 〈◊〉 to drie
to end that so your stocke cleaue not too farre which is a verie vsuall cause of the miscarrying of grafts in as much as hereby the cleft standeth so wide and open as that it cannot be shut and so not grow together againe but in the meane 〈◊〉 spendeth it selfe and breatheth out all his life in that place which is the cause that the stocke and the graft are likewise spilt and this falleth out most oft in Plum-trees and branches of trees You shall also be verie carefull to ioyne together the rindes of your grafts and the plants that so nothing may continue open to the end that the wind moisture of the clay or raine running vpon the grafted place may not 〈◊〉 in When the plane cleaueth verie streight there is not anie danger or hardnesse 〈◊〉 sloping downe the graft if you leaue it somewhat vneuen or rough in some places that so the sappes both of the one and other may the better grow and be 〈◊〉 together When your grafts are once well ioyned vnto your plants draw out your wedges verie softly least you displace them againe You may leaue there within the cleft some small end of a wedge of greene wood cutting it verie close with the head of the stocke or else so soone as your wedge is drawne out put some small chip of greenâ— wood vpon the cleft of the plant Some cast glue into the cleft as it were to 〈◊〉 and glue together the sappes of the two substances Othersome sprinkle into it Sugâ—â— or powder of Cinnamon or some other such spice or some sweet smelling liquor and withall dippe the ends of the grafts in honey or in some other sweet and 〈◊〉 quor hoping that by this meanes the fruits of the trees will retaine the tast thereof But howsoeuer it is couer the cleft of the grafting all about with grauell or sand 〈◊〉 on like a causey or else with gummed waxe which is better to couer withall 〈◊〉 the former or any other thing that can be learned and that the cleft may be very 〈◊〉 filled it must be laid on two fingers thicke or thereabout that so neither wind 〈◊〉 raine may enter or get in and you shall couer it ouer with Moste or Ryestra◠〈◊〉 Barke or the thinne rinde of the Elme prepared with a little earth and 〈◊〉 of old Woollen clothes or the barke of Willow and tie them on verie strait with small Oziers but in binding them take heed that the wreaths doe not shrinke to the one side or the other and if you haue not clay then arme and couer ouer as hath beene said the said clefts with gummed waxe and for want of both these mingle small hay and the earth of the place where you graft in manner of lome or mortar When thus you grafts shall be well wreathed â—asten some small boughes about them for to keepe and defend them Furthermore if the stocke of the plant whereupon you intend to graft be 〈◊〉 so thicke as your graft you shall graft it after the fashion of a Goats foot in 〈◊〉 manner Make a cleft in the stock of the plant not direct but byas and that 〈◊〉 and euen not rough then apply and make fast thereunto the graft with all 〈◊〉 barke on and answering vnto the barke of the plant this being done cover 〈◊〉 place with fat earth and mosse of the wood ried together with a strong band 〈◊〉 to the end that the tree may not be hurt either of the winds or other things 〈◊〉 downe neere vnto it some pole of wood for to strengthten and beare it 〈◊〉 They are greatly to be blamed for their fault committed who hauing faire wild uses or others the fruit thereof displeasing them doe cut them verte low hauing faire branches aboue and a bodie of the thicknesse of a mans legge and there graft them when as fiue or sixe years will scarce couer the wound that they haue made by such their kind of grafting whereas they might with as much eale haue grafted vpon the branches of the same and then they had not beene aboue a finger thicke and would haue growne better and brought more profit because that and if you haue foure branches you may make as manie grafts thereof and these will beare fruit the second yeare CHAP. XIII Of grafting in the ends of branches FOr to graft at the end of such branches as haue goodly new wood and great siences on high although the tree haue beene grafted before and that it be as yet not throughly growne take grafts of what sort of tree you will and cut some of the siences off from the high parts of the tree where you mind to graft and if the grafts should be thicker than the siences then graft them after the manner of the Goats foot as hath beene said alreadie of small Plants And if the siences be of the same bignesse with your grafts then cut them between the old and new wood or a little higher or lower and cleaue them a little and cut the graft of the like thicknesse to the sience which you haue cut off making but a short incision and reseruing the barke vpon both sides and looking that both the sides be of equall thicknesse then set your graft thus fitted into the cleft and that so as that the barkes of both sides the graft may stand euen with the barkes of the branch And for these grafts it is ynough if euerie one of them haue one good eyelet or two about the wreathing for to leaue them anie longer would not be good and you must wreath and wrap them in earth and mosse and couer it ouer againe with Woollen clothes and tye them vnto the same verie strongly as hath beene said Also by this meanes you may procure that one tree shall bring forth diuers fruits so that they be not such as the situation of the Countrey and qualitie of the Ayre doe refuse and reiect as I haue seene sometimes at Padua in the Garden of Messire Gabriel where one stalke of a tree hath borne fruits of diuers sorts And there is nothing that should hinder or let vs in this Countrey from doing the like if it be not perhaps that in some places the fauourable furtherance and mildnesse of the ayre is not so correspondent and answerable Moreouer if you will graft little Plants in this manner see that they be of the same thicknesse of the grafts and graft them neere vnto the earth as some three fingers off or thereabouts This manner of grafting at the ends of branches must be done in trees whose branches haue beene formetly cut off by reason either of some great want or else too great aboundance of sappe and that there be put forth of their stocke some new shoots which three or foure yeares after may be grafted after the manner wee haue spoken of Thus Columella teacheth vs to graft the Oliue-tree vpon the Figge-tree CHAP. XIIII To graft betwixt the wood and the barke IT
the later end of the Moone and then they will beare their fruits as others doe Notwithstanding this limiting and bounding of the time of the Moone is not of such warrantiâ—e but that the tree may be as profitable at all other times of the Moone as well as either then or else in the encrease and new of the Moone Some plant in Ianuarie the plants that haue the shanke or foot of their shoots â—ut by as as also the plant that is set of stones and in a well tempered place but in a warme place men are wont to plant in the moneths of October Nouember and December Trees that haue a grosse thicke root are planted in October Nouember and December but the shoots or little branches are planted in March when they are in sappe Trees that haue a great pith as Figge-trees naturalized Mulberrie-trees Hazell and such like are planted without anie root from after mid September vnto the beginning of Nouember but other trees which you would plant with roots must be planted about the beginning of December or verie shortly after Grosse trees are transplanted from one place into another in the moneth of Nouember and they must be freed from Snailes and lopt and cropt before they be transplanted for so they take the better and put forth their siences verie powerfully and if in taking of them vp or transporting of them it happen that the barke of their roots be broken you must draw the pilled and vncouered place ouer with good dung or earth before that you put it into the ground againe and stirre vp the earth verie well round about where you intend to let them downe againe to the end that their roots may spread and seat themselues to their good contentment without being pinched or straitâ—ned Some doe remoue from after the beginning of Nouember vntill March when the trees begin to enter into their sappe for the sappe once drawing vp aloft doth forbid all remouing of the tree and therefore in such case the sooner the better that is so say if presently after the leaues be fallen which is in the beginning of Winter you goe about it but in waterie places it is good to stay till Ianuarie and Februarie but nothing must be done this way when it raineth or when the earth is wet for it would so harden vpon the drying as that the roots would be oppressed and choaked The young grafts which you haue grafted in the stocke-Nurcerie or elsewhere must be remoued as soone as the grafts shall haue closed vp the cleft of the plant as some are of opinion but yet this is hazarded ware the graft hauing not as yet taken almost anie disposition or good liking of the sappe of the plant which being thus againe remoued it halfe aâ—tonished and put out of the high way of his well-pleasing nourishment and so beginneth to wither when it commeth to take a cast of his new dishes and prouision but and if you stay till the graft haue put forth a faire branch before you remoue the graft you shall shunne the danger that might otherwise ensue You must plant your trees againe as soone as you haue taken them vp if no other weightie matter let you but if you be put off from doing it either because it is brought you from farre or vpon some other occasion you must so soone as they be taken vp couer their roots with the earth from whence they were taken new leaues and slraw that so the raine may not wash them and make them afterward to 〈◊〉 when they become drie againe and to the end also that the ayre and breath 〈◊〉 of the wind or of the Sunne or yet of the Moone may not drie them and 〈◊〉 the moisture which keepeth their roots in good hearr and fit to grow 〈…〉 things being verie hurtfull but the raine the worâ—e of the two Sowre Cherrie-trees cannot abide to be remoued for being transplanted they will hardly put forth anie siences especially if they haue their chiefe and principall root maimed Before you remoue great trees you must loppe off their boughes verie diligeraly at hath beene said but as for little ones you need not crop them to take off 〈◊〉 of their heads neither yet to take anie of their boughes from them if they haue 〈◊〉 too bushie a head If you desire to know a reason wherefore it is thus If you 〈◊〉 the head and toppes vpon trees when they are growne somewhat great and thicke they will still be lending of their sappe vpward not looking to the feeding of the roots for that the ayre attracteth the nourishment of plants as may easily be proued by example when there groweth anie small tree vnder one that is verie great for there the small tree will not thriue so well as if it were abroad in the ayre and 〈◊〉 vnder the shadow and so that which hath his head cut off will take root sooner than and if it were whole and vntouched But if the tree which you remoue exceed not the thicknesse of a great ynch you shall let it remaine whole because young plants take root more easily than those which are old and the reason is openly knowne If the rootes of the trees which you would remoue be much longer than is needfull you may take off the ends thereof in setting them downâ— againe and that so much as may fit best for the hole wherein you meane to set them for so by this meane they will not be stopped vp of the sides of the hole but will amast and draw moisture out of the earth for the nourishment of the tree a great deale more aboundantly When you remoue anie tree you must lay his rootes round about with 〈◊〉 earth and take heed that the weedie earth which you haue digged or cut away 〈…〉 pit whither you meane to remoue it doe not fall in amongst the roots for it would put them in danger to be ouer-heated or else that they growing vp againe might diminish the nourishment of the tree If it happen that the earth which you 〈◊〉 taken out of the pit be full of wormes which might hurt the rootes then 〈◊〉 therewith some lee and ashes When the rootes haue taken foot trample downe the ground as hard as may be or else beat it with a Pauiers beetle watering it afterward if it be drie or else not CHAP. XX. Of the place and soile for Trees in generall THe principall point in growing of Trees is to prouide them of 〈◊〉 ayre and earth because that these doe cheere and season theâ— and are the proper subiect of their nourishment And as concerning the earth that is recommended into vs as to be had in regard and looked vnto more than anie thing else as that it be such as is verie murlie temperate in cold and heat and of a meane and middle sort of moisture and fatnesse for such ground as exceedeth in anie one of these things is not so fit for anie Fruit-tree This
high places and such as are not ouer-shadowed the fall whereof doth enioy the Sunne-rising for water out of such Fountaines is a great deale more light and pleasant in tast and by how much it runneth the swifter and longer way in the Aire and Sunne before it come to the bottome so much it groweth the better as when it falleth from high Rocks it is as it were beaten and broken in falling through the downe-right places of stones and craggednesâ—e of the Rocks We must also see that such Mountaines be full of Dogs-tooth Plantaine Fox-taile wild Penny-ryall transmarine Sage which is called Adianthum Milfoile Chameleon and generally all other hearbes and plants which grow without being planted and are by nature greene well branched good and thicke and well flowred The time most apt in all the yeare spring- and affoording greatest perseuerance for the finding out of the heads of Wells and Fountaines are the moneths of August or September for then it is easie to know the greatnesse of the head when the earth by the great heat of Summer hath no moisture of raine left remaining in it and then also we may gather assurance of such as will neuer drie vp altogether If it happen that the head Fountaine be somewhat too farre from the Farme you may force the water to come thither by little Riuers or rather more conueniently by chaâ—els and conduits made of Lead Wood or Pot-earth the best are made of Aller tree Fâ—rre tree or Pine tree out of which distilleth Perroâ—en because that such Trees haue an oylie humour and hot which easily resisteth the hurtes which water might cause Next to them are those which are made of Pot-earth if that the water carried along in them were not the cause of breeding obstruction These must be two fingers thicke and sharpe at one end the length of halfe a foot to goe the one of them into the other the worst sort is those made of Lead because the water carried along by them purchaseth from the Lead an euill qualitie and that because of the Ceruse thereof so that it oftentimes causeth bloudie fluxes and other such like diseases if we beleeue Galen and them which for this cause call the inhabitants of Paris Squitters because they vse Fountaine-water which runneth through Leaden pipes which point notwithstanding seemeth not to be without all doubt seeing that Ceruse cannot breed nor be made of Lead without vineger and for that we see also diuers Countries doe drinke of such waters without being troubled with bloudie fluxes whatsoeuer it is wee must set well together and soulder the pipes with a compound made of vnquenched lime and the greaâ—e of a hogge or of Perrosen and the whites of egges or of lyme whites of egges oyle and the filings of yron because that all these things doe hinder corruptions and rottennesse which the water might cause If any Mountaine doe hinder the laying or bringing along of these Pipes wee must make them way if any Valley we must reare arches such as are to be seene in a Village neere vnto Paris called Arâ—ueil and that because of those said arches or rayse pillars and other matter to support those water-passages But it is not sufficient to haue found out those Heads of Wells and Fountaines but we must further consider of the goodnesse and wholesomenesse of the Water as Aristotle teacheth vs For seeing the greatest part of our life dependeth vpon the vse of this element it is requisite that the Master of the Household should haue care to procure good Water in as much as Water must be the most of his seruants drinke and that the Bread which he and his familie doe eat is kneaded therewith and the greatest part of his victuals boyled therein The best and most wholesome Water of all others is Raine Water falling in Summer when it thundereth and lightneth verie much and yet notwithstanding Raine Water causeth costiuenesâ—e and obstructions especially that which is kept in Cesternes newly made and that by reason of their Mortar wherewith they are ouer-layd It doth also corrupt very quickly that onely excepted which falleth in May and being so corrupted it maâ—reth the voice bringing Hoarsenesse and a little Coâ—gh Next to this in goodnesse is 〈◊〉 Fountaine Water which falleth from the Mountaines and runneth along amoâ—gst Stones and Rocks Next to this in goodnesse is Well Water or that which issueth at the hanging parts of the Mountaines or that which springeth in the bottome of a Valley The fourth different sort of Waters is that of the Riuer The worst of all the rest is that of the Poole and Marish Grounds and yet that which runneth not is worse than all the rest and more apt to inâ—ect The Water of Snow and Ice is the most vnwholesome of all because it is the coldest and most earthie as not hauing beene prepared by the heat and vertue of the Sunne And as conceâ—ning the Water of Wells and Fountaines seeing it is not found good alwaies and in all places we shall know them to be good if it haue neither tast sâ—â—ell nor any colour whatsoeuer being notwithstanding verie cleere and of the nature of the Ayre taking quickly the colour of anie thing that one shall cast into it being also cleane warme in Winter and cold in Summer easie to make hot and as soone becomming cold againe in which Peason Beanes and other such like things doe boyle easily and which being put for some space in a Brasen Copper or Siluer Vessell well scoured leaueth no discoloured parts or spots in the same and which when it hath beene boyled in a Caâ—ldron made verie faire and cleane doth not make any â—etling or shew of filth in the bottome if such as vse to drinke it haue a cleere voice a sound breast and the die or colour of the face be neat and liuely finally that which together with the rest of the markes is verie light and by consequent as principall of all the rest shall that be iudged which excelleth in the foresaid markes and qualities and for to know which is the lightest weigh as much with as much of euerie sort of Water or else take two three or â—oure Clothes of one and the same webbe length and breadth according to the quantitie and sorts of Water which you would compare together and in euerie one wet a Cloth distill the Clothes or let the Water drop out of them and then weigh them for the Cloth which was moistened in the â—ightest Water will then weigh lesâ—e than the rest It is true that the lightnesse of Water is not so truely tryed by weight as by drinking not causing at such time anie burthenous weight in the places about the short Ribbes and passeth through the bodie speedily as also in being quickly hot and quickly cold Drie Places and Countries abounding with Mountaines doe commonly bring forth Stones which is easily perceiued by the rough and boisterous handling of the Earth
Bodies doth worke her effect in like manner vpon vs as concerning our bodies as well as vpon the rest of earthly things it is most certaine that in lesâ—e than in one moneth it runneth all that course and way which the Sunne is in running all the yeare long and that it hath no light of it selfe but that it taketh and receiueth it all from the Sunne giuing his reuerberations and reflections vnto the Earth with more vehemencie when it is further off from the Sunne as on the contrarie looke how much it commeth the neerer vnto her coniunction with it so much the lesse light and force doth it impart vnto the Earth Hereupon it commeth that we say that the Moone encreaseth or decreaseth not that indeed it doth encrease or decrease saue then when it is in his eclipse being continually enlightned by the Sunne but this his brightnesse onely which it casteth and spreadeth vpon the whole face of the Earth doth only encrease and decrease And this shining brightnesâ—e according as it is longer or lesser time hath likewise more or lesse force to moâ—e the humors of naturall things to worke their effects For by how much the more that this light encreaseth by so much the more doth the moisture thereof spread and communicate it selfe aboundantly throughout the outward parts as on the contrarie by how much it waneth and groweth lesse by so much the naturall humiditie and moisture doth withdraw and betaketh it selfe vnto the inward parts This is thâ— cause why men call the Moone the Mother Nurse Regent and Gouernesse of all such humidities as are in earthly bodies Wherefore to speake first of Field-beasts the well-aduised Farmer shall not kill at any time whatsoeuer his Porkes Muttons Beeues Kine or other Beasts of the flesh whereof he would make his household prouision for the sustenance of his Familie in the wane of the Moone For such flesh as is killed in the decrease of the Moone falleth away and impaireth euerie day and also craueth much fire and time to make it readie withall neither ought any man to maruaile or staâ—d astonished at this if hee consider well that a Sawsage or other such like kind of meat doth grow lesse by a quarter when they are boyled Neither shall he make account of or buy any Horse-flesh or other which was foled or brought forth in the decrease and old age of the Moone for that they are more weake and faint than the rest moreouer they come to no growth neither is their flesh of sufficient weight when they be killed He shall neuer â—â—sh his Pooles Fish-ponds Ditches or Waters with salt Fish in the decay of the Moone for both Fish and other Beasts of the Water especially they which ar◠〈◊〉 with shells or thiâ—ke sâ—ales as Crayfishes Crabs Oysters Muscles and such 〈◊〉 are found veriâ— much impaired in their substance and leane in the old age and 〈◊〉 of the Moone and contrariwise grosse fat and full when she is in her force 〈◊〉 full The Faulkoneâ— shall chuse rather the full Moone to fâ—ye in than the wane 〈◊〉 that Hawkes and all Birds of the prey are a great deale more nimble sharpe and 〈◊〉 aboâ—t the full Moone than in any other time The Horse and Beast subiect 〈◊〉 maladie of the eyes is better at â—ase in the decrease than in the encrease or full 〈◊〉 the Moone He shall make prouision of Faâ—s or of the marrowes of the bones of â—utton Harâ— Beefe and others if he haue need in the full of the Moone not in the 〈◊〉 He shall geld his Bore-Pigs Rammes Bull-Calues or Bulkins and 〈◊〉 when the Moone decreaseth He shall set Egges vnder Hennes or other Fowlâ—â—â—he new of the Moone and principally in the first quarter As for Trees and other Plants the wise and discreet Farmer will plant his Fruit-â—â—ees and others in the new of the Moone and yet not before the first quarter At 〈◊〉 same time he will haue regard to cut downe and lop Wood for his fuell but 〈◊〉 such as he minds to keepe for to build wiâ—hall when the Moone decreaâ—â— being sure that all matter be it to build House Presses Bridges and other 〈◊〉 being cut downe in the decrease of the Moone lasteth a long time and is â—nd maruailoâ—s good and yet better when it is cut downe rather at euening than in 〈◊〉 morning which thing may also be applyed to hewen stone and milstones when 〈◊〉 be cut out of their Quarries and 〈◊〉 He shall plant his Vine in the encrease of 〈◊〉 Moone when it is foure or fiue daies old He shall cut the leane Vines and such 〈◊〉 planted in â— bad soyle in the encrease likewise of the Moone but those which â—ore fat in the going away of the Moone seeing that thus they will bring forth 〈◊〉 Grapes than if they were cut in the encrease in as much as then the Moone 〈◊〉 vpon them to soften them and make them fat cannot chuse but cause abounâ—â—ce of Clusters and Leaues but cutting them the Moone being old the Wood â—ommeth bound and applyeth it selfe onely to bring forth great store of fruit He 〈◊〉 cleanse prune cut at the foot Fruit-trees toward the later end of the Moone 〈◊〉 they will become better laden with fruit He shall make his Nurseries of 〈◊〉 the Moone being ouer the Earth As for Fruits he shall gather Apples Peares and other Fruits as also his Grapes â—he decrease of the Moone because thereby the Wines will be the better and 〈◊〉 kepâ— which otherwise would be in danger to sowre and rot in â—he moneth of 〈◊〉 following being the time that men are wont to cut their Vines And which 〈◊〉 he shall gather and carrie into his house whatsoeuer he would haue to endure 〈◊〉 last long at such time as the Moone shall decrease Hee shall sow his Corne as 〈◊〉 and other Graine he shall weed fanne searce and gather together his Corne 〈◊〉 a locke he shall grind his Corne the better to keepe it in flowre in the end 〈◊〉 old of the Moone It is verie true that the bread encreaseth profiteth more 〈◊〉 be ground the Moone encreasing and being new He shall mow and cut downe 〈◊〉 Corne with Sythe the Moone wasting He shall pull Line and Pulse at the same 〈◊〉 and yet indeed all Pulse gathered or reaped in the growth of the Moone are of 〈◊〉 digestion 〈◊〉 concerning Hearbes he shall sow them the Moone being new and gather them 〈◊〉 the Moone encreaseth in her light as being then of farre greater force than in 〈◊〉 wast and wane At the same time he shall gather Cucumbers Gourds Melons 〈◊〉 Pompions and all Roots which grow in the head whether they be Leekes 〈◊〉 Radishes Turneps Lillies Saffron or such like except Onions which 〈◊〉 be dealt withall cleane contrarie for they become a great deale more grosse 〈◊〉 better fed in the declining than in the augmenting or full of the Moone during
partie that should feed them And in Italie vnto this day they vse in places neere vnto the Sea shore to bring vp Peacocks in Islets somewhat neere vnto the Sea that so they may preuent such harme as the Foxe might otherwise doe them which was also the drift why our auncient predecessors tooke the same course but wee which make not so great account of them are content to keepe them in some roome ouer the Hennes euen in the highest part of the Henne-house for they loue to rowst on high and in an open ayre sitting verie often for that cause vpon trees but wee prouide them some place below whither to repaire in the day time This place must be kept verie cleane and looked diligently vnto euen as the Henne-house for this bird is subiect vnto the same inconueniences and diseases that Hennes be and must haue the same remedies administred vnto them The place of their abode and haunt must be strewed with Straw or greene Grasse for the Hennes doe lay but seldome sitting downe low as is manifest in that her egges are found oftentimes dropt downe from her vnder the Pearch and this happeneth by their falling from her as shee is asleepe These birds bring foorth verie well after they be three yeares old but before nothing or verie little The Pea-henne hath three seuerall times or seasons of laying in the yeare but she that is set hath but one and passeth ouer her other times in hatching and leading of her young ones She beginneth her first laying time at mid Februarie and layeth fiue egges one after another at the second she layeth foure or three and at the third three or two If the Cock and the Henne tread not you must bring them to it by such food and meat as wil set them in heat as with Beans rosted in hot ashes And to know when the Cocke is in the pride or heat you need no other signe than his viewing of himselfe and couering of his whole bodie with the feathers of his tayle and then we say he wheeleth When the Pea-henne sitteth she withdraweth and hideth herselfe from the Cock in the most secret place she possibly can for he ceaseth not to seeke her by reason of his excessiue rankenesse and lustinesse of nature and if he find her he beateth her to cause her to rise from off her egges and then breaketh them If while shee â—itteth shee be couered with a white Linnen cloth shee will bring forth Chickens all white and not of the colour of the Vine bud And to that end you may shut her vp in Cowpes or Houses ouer-layd or garnished with some white Cloth or Paintrie to the end that whatsoeuer shee looketh vpon while shee sitteth may be of a white colour At the end of thirtie dayes when the young ones are hatched and the Henne diligently fed in the place where shee did sit them as wee haue said of the Henne she must be put vnder a Cowpe in some place where the Cocke cannot come for hee hateth and hurteth his young ones vntill they be growne to haue a coppell vpon their heads and at such time as this is growing out of them they must be kept verie warme for then they be verie sicke and for the most part die You must feed the young ones the first day with Barly meale tempered with wine in manner of thicke pottage and for the thickening of it some put thereto soft Cheese well kneaded pressed and purged from Whay for Whay will hurt them greatly Sometimes they must haue Grashoppers giuen them their feet pluckt away Weesels Spiders and Flies for their Physicke for they driue away vermine naâ—rally so that there is scarce any found where they haunt After six moneths they eat boyled Barly as the dam doth and are suffered to runne abroad but euen then they must be kept from cold and raine for they chirpe and hang the wing by and by especially in this Countrey where they are hard to bring vp if they be not hatched by mid Iune for when Autumne doth find them verie young they doe neuer hold out Winter They which will haue the Pea-hennes to hold their three seuerall times of laying must set their first egges vnder Hennes that are great well gouerned and old and that in the beginning of the growth of the Moone that so the Pea-hennes may hold on their seuerall courses of laying And as wee haue alreadie said in the feeding of Hennes there must be put vnder the Hennes some fiue of the Pea-hennes and nine of her owne after the tenth day the nine Henne egges shall be taken away and other nine put in their place by this meanes you shall find by the end of thirtie daies that all will be hatched together And thus you shall vse manie Hennes at one and the same time And seeing the Pea-hennes egge for the greatnesse of it cannot be well turned by the Henne you shall turne it your selfe verie softly at such time as the Henne is a feeding and marke with ynke the place you leaue vppermost that so you may know thereby whether the Henne doe turne them or no for else you might possibly lose your time and labour and when all are hatched giue all the Chickens to one onely Henne and the young Pea-chickens to a Pea-henne and see that the Henne leading her brood do not haunt where the Pea-henne and her Chickens do come for so she would leaue her owne for the disdaine and iealousie she conceiueth in seeing the fairenesse and greatnesse of the others Peacocks are verie sicke when they moult and then they must be heartened with Honey Wheat Oates and Horse-beanes They are verie hot in the Dog-dayes so that then you must not let them want fresh and coole water and euerie Cock would haue fiue or six Hennes for change for he is grieued at them that are readie to lay and faileth not if he can to breake their egges The flesh of Peacocks is melancholike and of hard digestion but to make it tender you must kill your Peacocke in Summer a day before you eat him and in Winter foure daies and hang some heauie thing to his legges or else tye him vpon some figge-tree staffe because the wood of the figge-tree hath vertue to make flesh tender that is tough and hard The rosted flesh of a Peacock is well kept a whole moneth and looseth nothing either of his smell or good rellish The dung of Peacockes is verie soueraigne against the diseases of the eyes if it may be found but the Peacock so much enuieth the good of man that he eateth his owne dung for feare that any man should find it CHAP. XX. Of Indian Hennes WHosoeuer he was that brought vs these birds from the Island of India lately discouered by the Spaniards and Portugalls whether wee call them Cockes or Peacockes of India hath more fitted and prouided for the tooth than for any profit For they may
on anie whit at 〈◊〉 he shall lead him by the reines out of the Stable and lead him a pretie way off â—aking much of him with his hand and touching his head necke and breast and â—hall lead him to some blocke made to get vp by and this so long as he is ridden without stirrups and there causing the boy to come off he himselfe shall get vpon him verie lightly and holding the reines euen in his hand shall cause one to giue him some small whisking rod and with it he shall touch or stroake his necke and â—lacking the reines a little shall cause him to goe forward softly if he play anie leaâ—ing tricks he shall stay him with the bridle still speaking louingly vnto him and 〈◊〉 that he groweth quiet he shall make him goe softly and set him on by a little â—aster and faster vntill he make him pace and 〈◊〉 Hauing done this in good sort for 〈◊〉 preâ—â—e while he shall bring him againe to his Stable where hauing fastened 〈◊〉 to the Manger he shall couer him that he take no cold and about an houre after 〈◊〉 shall take off his saddle and bridle at once rubbing him with fresh straw but esâ—â—ecially the places wet with sweat and then couering him with his Cloth and after 〈◊〉 rubbed his legges and feet he shall let him drinke and giue him to eat and shake vp his litter about him This is the accustomable vse of some of our French Riders for the first breaking of Colts but it is by others more expert and induistrious in the Art held to be a little too tedious and they find a neerer way to the end of their purpose as thus Hauing made the Colt gentle and louing in the Stable and abroad obedient and willing to be handled led forth and ordered as a 〈◊〉 pleaseth without affright dislike or rebellion they then at first set a good sufficient Saddle on his backe with â—â—yrrop and styrrop-leathers which after they 〈◊〉 vp and downe his sides a strong crupper and a good breast-place which being well gyrt on they in the morning cause him to be led forth in the Groomes hand that he may be acquainted and familiar with those ornaments that are about him then in the afternoone of the same day they put into his mouth with strong head-stall and reines either a good watering trench or a watering snaffle 〈◊〉 then ouer it a strong soft chasse halter and so lead him forth with all gentlenesse into some new-plowed field or else some other ground of the like 〈◊〉 and there make the Colt trot a ring of both hands foure or fiue times about the Rider then the Rider goes to the Colt and cherishes him and the Groome holding him fast by the chasse halter neere to the Colts head with one hand and staying the styrrop with the other the Rider offers to put his foot in the styrrop and with manie leisurable heaues and lifts to take the Saddle at anie of which if the Colt 〈◊〉 or seeme to be displeased the Rider shall descend againe and make the Colt as before to trot a ring foure or fiue times about him and then offer to mount his backâ— againe not ceasing thus to doe till the Colt with all gentlenesse dot receiue him 〈◊〉 shall the Rider and the Groome both cherish him verie much and then the Groome shal offer to lead the Colt forward at which if he find fault either in action or coâ—â—tenance or but in the gathering together of his rumpe legges and bodie as though he would leape and plunge immediately the Groome shall stay him the Rider shall alight and as before shall compell him to trot his rings about him and then take his back againe not ceasing thus to doe till the Colt with all willingnesse presse forwâ—â—â— and be content to be led with the Rider on his backe whither and which way soeuer the Groome pleaseth in all which motion the Rider shall with his voice and the thrusting forward of his feet hard vpon the styrrop-leathers encourage and as it 〈◊〉 enforce the Colt to goe forward now and then shaking his rod ouer the Colts head to make him heare the noise thereof and ever and anon as the Colt is thus led vp and downe the Rider shall with his bridle hand stop him make him stand still and cherish him then cause him to be led forward againe and as the Colt growes more and more willing to goe forward so the Groome shall withdraw his hand more and more from the Colts head and loosen the chasse halter insomuch that the Colt may 〈◊〉 no feeling of the Groomes leading him but may goe forward by the helpe and â—â—couragement of the Rider onely then shall the Groome giue the reine of the 〈◊〉 halter into the Riders hands and he shall make the Colt goe forward euer and 〈◊〉 cherishing him when he doth according to his desire and giuing him threatening words when he doth the contrarie Thus shall he labour and apply the Colt till 〈◊〉 will goe forward willingly gently and with courage according to his desire the Rider euer obseruing as neere as he can to make the Colt goe straight forth-right and by no meanes to turne or twynd him about anie way contrarie to his owne will but for this first day to giue him leaue to goe which way he will not expecting 〈◊〉 him anie other obedience than to goe forward in either pace or trot when the 〈◊〉 pleaseth and also to stand still and firme when at anie time he shall be restrainâ—â— This worke being brought to passe the first day the Rider shall in the field 〈◊〉 from the Colts backe and hauing cherisht him much and giuen him a little Grâ—â—â— or Bread to eat he shall deliuer him to the Groome who with all gentlenesse shaâ—â— lead him home and there dresse him cloth him and feed him well The next day the Colt being â—adled and bridled as aforesaid the Groome shall lead him forth 〈◊〉 the former place and there the Rider shall take his backe as he did the day before and in all points shall make the Colt perfectly repeat ouer his first daies lesson which when he hath done very willingly and obediently without compulsion or resistance then the Groome shall mount the backe of some old staunch Horse or Gelding and leading the way before the Colt shall trot faire and softly round about the field stopping his Gelding as oft as the Rider stoppeth the Colt then goe forward againe sometimes leading the way before the Colt and sometimes riding cheeke by ioll by the Colt till he be brought to such perfectnesse that he will take his way forward how or which way the Rider pleaseth then they shall ride gently home and there light neere vnto the Stable dore and so set vp the Colt cloth him dresse and feed him Then the third day the Rider shall take the Colts back at the Stable dore and the Groome his Geldings back and so
a liniment of the gall of an Oxe or of 〈◊〉 and tartar beaten together with strong vinegar And as concerning a drinke you must take of Oyle two pound of old wine a pottle amongst all this you shall mix nine fat figges with nine leekes heads temper them all well together and afterward make a decoction in the end whereof but before it be strained you shall adde of Salt and Nitre well pouned so much as you shall see necessarie of all well strained you shall make a drinke which you shall cause him to take with a horne twice a day that is morning and euening a quarter of a pint at a time For his meat cause him to eat greene Barley or Fetchets or the meale of Barley amongst which you shall mingle Nitre The Strangles of a Horse or Glandules vvhich happen vnder his throat and fall downe from the braine much cooled are oftentimes cured by pricking him vnder the throat in the morning afterward couer his head vvith some kind of Linnen cloth and rubbe his throat oftentimes with fresh Butter but especially the place of his disease The Barbes hindering the Horse from eating by reason of 〈…〉 swolne are healed by making him eat Pease Beanes or the stalkes of Pease or 〈◊〉 because that the bruising and breaking of them causeth this swelling to go 〈…〉 if the Barbes doe grow there againe you must cut them out with a verie 〈…〉 being likewise verie hot for thus are they taken out of the hollow of the 〈…〉 mouth and for the rest taken away by burning you must cut them away 〈…〉 of sheares euen to the quicke For the excrescence of flesh growing vnder the Horses bodie you must 〈…〉 place and make incision with some knife fit for the purpose and then afterwards â—â—noint it morning and euening with the ointment called Dialthoea Flies are kept away from Horses â—ores with pitch and oyle or grease mingled 〈◊〉 powred vpon them and then by strawing Fetch flowers vpon them againe The disease of the gums and teeth happeneth oftentimes vnto colts when they 〈◊〉 growing their teeth temper of fullers earth the best you can come by 〈…〉 Remes in verie strong vinegar and therewith rubbe their jawes on the outside 〈◊〉 more a great deale in the place where the paine or swelled gums be The short winded Horse or he which cannot easily draw his breath and 〈◊〉 hath his flankes beating incessantly and which notwithstanding that he be 〈◊〉 haled and whipped will not stirre but pant verie much and blow exceedingly 〈◊〉 and which eating of his meat cannot abstaine coughing this same Horse wil 〈◊〉 euer be cured It is true that this disease being new and caused of dust 〈◊〉 windes foâ—stie hay or of hauing eaten some kind of dung in his prouender 〈◊〉 â—â—medie for it may be to draw bloud vpon him with a greene withie and to 〈◊〉 hot vpon his breast and backe the said bloud mingled with wine and Oyle 〈◊〉 and hauing done this for the space of fiue daies then the next fiue daies following 〈◊〉 make him take downe Lee at his nosthrils wherein there is mixt a portion of Oyle to giue him this drinke after Mustard-seed well fried quicke Brimstone graines 〈◊〉 Paradise of each alike much make them in powder and make thereof a decoctiâ—â— in honie and water or else in some composition that is good and thicke whereof you shall giue him euerie morning the bignesse of a bigge Wall-nut with sage and with thicke red wine but such as is good and noble or else make him a drinke 〈◊〉 cloues ginger cummine fennell-seed and the roots Galanga as much of the one 〈…〉 the other all these being powdred mingle therewith some egges and a little 〈◊〉 make the Horse to take it downe vvith Wine holding his head high to the end 〈◊〉 may swallow the more easily and not suffering him to hold it downe at the 〈…〉 a good halfe houre to the end that the drinke may passe through his bowells 〈◊〉 this drinke you shall giue him fresh grasse or the leaues of Roses or vvillow 〈…〉 temper the heat of the said drinke but the horse must not haue eaten any thing 〈◊〉 the space of one halfe day before the taking of this neither yet must he eat any thing for the like space after the taking of it Let him vvalke and lead him gently by the head-stall or else getting vpon him let him pace him verie softly that so he may not cast it vp againe and thus much for the cure of the 〈◊〉 â—vinded horse if the disease be not growne too old Which notwithstanding that it should be yet 〈◊〉 may relieue it for some time if you feare him a little vpon both the sides of the 〈◊〉 to the end that this heat may cause to cease this great panting vvhich doth paine 〈◊〉 in his flankes and if vvithall you slit his nosthrils that so he may attract and 〈◊〉 in the aire and his breath and as easily let it goe besides these vvaies I vvould 〈◊〉 you also to giue him to eat some grapes oftentimes and to drinke some sweet 〈◊〉 Another singular remedie there is which consisteth in giuing him a drinke 〈◊〉 vvith Agaricke and Fenugreeke tempered vvith red Wine or else to cause him 〈◊〉 swallow the bloud of a little dogge vvhich yet is not aboue ten daies old or to take the roots of Gentian of vvild cucumers and bitter Almonds and to poune theâ—â—vvith Honie and Water and to make a drinke thereof or else to giue oftentimes 〈◊〉 eat of siluer grasse The Cough hath many causes notwithstanding that vvhich commeth from the 〈◊〉 as from the lungs and parts adjoyning or else from some other of the inward 〈◊〉 which are noble and principall and haue accordingly some notable office in 〈◊〉 bodie hath not a more soueraigne remedie than the slitting of the beasts noâ—â—hrils and if after this the beast doe not amend then to cause him to take downe a â—ood pinte of the drinke following with a horne Take Fenugreeke and Linseed of â—â—ch a quarter of a pecke Gum-tragacanth Olibanum Myrrhe of each an ounce â—ugar the oatmeale of great vvild Tare of each an ounce all these being vvell pouâ—ed and let run through a bagge you shall cause it to be infused all a whole night in hot vvater and the day following you shall giue it to the beast as hath beene sayd â—nd this shall be continued adding thereto a bowle of oyle of Roses euen to the end of the cure Some cause fiue egges to be layed to steepe one whole night in strong Vinegar and the next morning when they see that the shell is become verie tenâ—er and soft they giue them to the horse to take downe Furthermore you must neâ—er draw bloud from the horse in what palce soeuer that it be but it shall be good to â—iue it vnto him and to continue the Gum-tragacanth with sweet Oyle The ague of a horse
Sunne If you desire that it should haue great leaues when as 〈◊〉 beginneth to put forth a stalke cut off the same in the halfe then put vpon it a clod 〈◊〉 earth or some small tyle If you couet to haue it faire and vvhite bind together the 〈◊〉 of it two daies before you take it from the first bed and set it in another place 〈◊〉 sprinkle it ouer with sand The cabbaged Lettuce being leaued and curled and not growing higher than a 〈◊〉 for the most part is made by being troden downe After that it is planted 〈◊〉 second time put vnto the root some cowes dung that is verie new afterward tread 〈◊〉 downe againe and vvater it and vvhen it beginneth to gather strength and grow 〈◊〉 the branch vvhich it putteth forth and couer it with a new earthen pot in such 〈◊〉 as that the top thereof by it may be beaten and kept downe and by this meanes 〈◊〉 vvill become tufted cabbaged and vvhite or else if you vvould haue beautifull 〈◊〉 faire lettuces two daies before you take them vp by the roots you must tie togeâ—â—er the tops of them and then couer them with eaâ—th vp to the very â—aid tops so tied 〈◊〉 so they will become white and faire In like manner sand cast vpon them maâ—â—th them to become white If you feare that it will not grow hard ynough by reaâ—â—â— of some fault in the place or in the time or seed take it vp and set it in some 〈◊〉 place To cause Lettuces to haue a sweet smell more than ordinarie sow them with the 〈◊〉 of Citrons or else steepe the seeds in Damaske or other sweet water three 〈◊〉 daies together To mingle Lettuce with other Salad hearbes as Rocket Sorrell and such like and 〈◊〉 in such sort as that they may all grow vp together from one and the same root 〈◊〉 all your sorts of Seeds into a Sheepes trottle made good and hollow for the 〈◊〉 afterward set it verie deepe as namely about the depth of eighteene ynches in 〈◊〉 ground and water it oft and by little and little and haue great care and regard 〈◊〉 it when it putteth forth of the earth Others do crumble breake three or foure â—â—ottles of a Goat or Sheepe and put their seeds in the middest thereof and then 〈◊〉 them with a linnen cloth fast bound in manner of a knot and doe plant them 〈…〉 were in the vppermost part of the earth verie diligently regarding and looking 〈◊〉 them when they come vp Some plucke away the leaues of the Lettuse which 〈◊〉 next vnto the roots and in stead of the leaues so pluckt away they put one 〈◊〉 seed of rocket cresses or sorrell and other such like by which meanes there grow 〈◊〉 and diuers sorts of branches The Lettuce is not without good physicke helpes for it cooleth the 〈…〉 the bellie causeth aboundance of good bloud The juice thereof mixt 〈…〉 Roses asâ—wageth the paine of the head and causeth the sickâ— of agues 〈…〉 rubbed vpon the brows and temples it serueth for a Gargarisme with 〈…〉 of Pomegranats for the Inflammation of the throat being rubbed vpon 〈…〉 it staieth the night pollutions or Gonorrhaea especially if thereunto be added 〈…〉 Camphire the seed thereof beaten with the seed of white Poppie in forme of 〈…〉 or extract doth effect the same and also cureth the scalding and burning of the 〈◊〉 the seed thereof steept in water wherein hath beene quenched steele with 〈…〉 quantitie of Iourie powdred is verie soueraigne against the white flowres of 〈◊〉 The leaues of Lettuce boyled and moystned in broth or salades of them in like 〈◊〉 after supper doth prouoke sleepe the seed thereof powdred and mixt 〈…〉 milke of a woman that hath brought forth a daughter and the white of an 〈…〉 to make frontale for the verie same purpose The decoction of the 〈…〉 boyled in Barley water and drunke causeth great quantitie of milke in 〈◊〉 if afterwards the dugges be well rubbed with the hand such as haue a short 〈◊〉 spit bloud or haue weake lungs as also such as desire to haue children must 〈…〉 Lettuces CHAP. XIII Of Endiue Sowthistle and Succorie ENdiue hauing narrow leaues otherwise called Scariole or 〈…〉 wild Lettuce and of the Latines Intybus or Seris is more 〈…〉 Physicke than any other wayes and is not planted in Garden◠〈◊〉 it is alwaies bitter notwithstanding that it be of the sorts of 〈…〉 rather of Succorie It is true that in often planting and transplanting of it and 〈…〉 mouing it from one place to another and by binding and couering it with 〈…〉 ring the Winter time the nature thereof may be changed and become tender 〈◊〉 white and without any great paines to the Gardiner may be kept all 〈…〉 thing our Gardiners haue practised seeing by experience that wild 〈…〉 commeth faire and flourishing after it hath beene ouerflowen with water and 〈◊〉 with sand or earth Sowthistle called in Latine Sonchus or Ciâ—erbita was of old time in 〈…〉 salades but now there is no such account made thereof saue onely that it is vsed 〈…〉 to teed Conies and Hares in like sort it is not planted in gardens because it 〈◊〉 plentifully amongst the vines notwithstanding the Italians doe vse the 〈…〉 it in Salades in Winter finding them sweet and of a pleasant tast his stalke is 〈◊〉 milke sometimes drawing neere vnto a yellow this milke taken in drinke is 〈◊〉 for them which haue a short breath and are stopt in their lungs 〈…〉 paines of the eares if you drop certaine drops thereof into them especially if 〈◊〉 cause it to boyle with some Oyle in the riâ—d of a Pomegranat it healeth 〈◊〉 the strangurie and paines in making water if it be drunke to the quantitie of 〈…〉 The leaues of Sowthistle chewed doe take away the stinking of the mouth Succorie is of the nature of Endiue hauing large leaues and without 〈◊〉 and good handling doth alwaies continue bitter It loueth a moist place and 〈◊〉 laboured ground When it hath put forth foure leaues you must translate it to â—ell dunged soyle And to the end it may haue faire large and well-spread leaues 〈◊〉 it beginneth once to come to any growth in the middest of his leaues you must 〈◊〉 some prettie little tyle for by this meanes it will spread forth his leaues and 〈◊〉 haue them a great deale thicker standing and tufted By this good husbanding 〈◊〉 his bitternesse and then there is vse to be had of it in sallades in Winter 〈◊〉 it is called white Succorie and to this end it is wont to be planted againe in the 〈◊〉 of August after that in the beginning of September to the end that the leaues 〈◊〉 may be the greater it must be taken vp without the breaking of any thing 〈◊〉 with a smal blade of a straw haue the leaues tied together very easily and gently 〈◊〉 wringing or brusing of them afterward it must be
layed in a well 〈◊〉 soyle the leaues downeward into the ground and the root vpward toward the 〈◊〉 of the earth and aboue it there must be made something to couer it in manner of 〈◊〉 vnder vvhich there must straw be cast to keepe it from frost and bad winds 〈◊〉 like is done with Endiue and it is found white when it is pulled vp againe and 〈◊〉 verie delicate in eating Some for the same end vvhen Succorie hath put forth 〈◊〉 leaues tye them all together with a verie small threed and after couer them with 〈◊〉 of earth to the end that it may continually draw by his root nourishment out 〈◊〉 the earth and by this meanes it becommeth white and tender and looseth a great 〈◊〉 of his bitternesse Euerie man knoweth that the decoction of Succorie drunke in manner of an 〈◊〉 is good for them which haue the jaundise or heat of the liuer The juice of 〈◊〉 drunke euerie second day fasting stayeth the spitting of bloud Succorie 〈◊〉 and put vnder the lest dugge doth heale the heart-ache Some say that the 〈◊〉 of vvild Succorie often drunke maketh the visages and countenances of 〈◊〉 more cleare and pleasant CHAP. XIIII Of Artichokes THe Artichoke plant is a diuers thing from Endâ—ue and Succorie for 〈◊〉 for Artichokes to plant them in Autumnâ— which is about the moneth of October they are so fruitfull and forward to thriue as that you need not to take any more but the great leaues with their branches of 〈◊〉 as bring forth the fairest and greatest fruit and in like manner of the thicke 〈◊〉 in the middest seruing for no manner of vse after that the heads of them be 〈◊〉 and to plant them againe Also some haue otherwise vsed to cast downe 〈◊〉 said stalkes and burie them a foot deepe in good manured ground the leaues at 〈◊〉 top bound at the end with a little straw and the stalke layed downe and well 〈◊〉 and they keepe them thus watering them now and then if the time be not 〈◊〉 ynough of it selfe for to make shootes and young sets of in Winter or at other 〈◊〉 and some there be that pricke the heads in a well manured earth and being 〈◊〉 planted doe couer them in Winter with the chaffe or dust of Line or Hempe 〈◊〉 keepe them from the frost and that in the yeare following they may bring forth 〈◊〉 fruit Moreouer the Artichoke is sowen in the increase of the Moone of March 〈◊〉 beds well dunged and fatted but you must not looke to haue any whole and 〈◊〉 fruit of them vntill the next yeare after And if you would haue the seed to 〈◊〉 make little small pits vpon your bed a good foot one from another and halfe 〈◊〉 foot deepe and as much broad and these fill with old dung that is verie small and â—lacke earth that is verie fine mixt together and aboue the same placâ— prick or thrust in the seed of your Artichoke two inches within the earth the small end 〈◊〉 and putting fiue or sixe seeds in one pit together and making many pits neere 〈◊〉 in a round compasse that so they may make a faire knot and plant and 〈◊〉 you may couer it againe easily without much stamping or treading for it And 〈◊〉 soone as the Artichoke hath leaues bigge ynough it must be watered and 〈…〉 continued in such places as are verie drie that so it may bring forth a 〈◊〉 and great fruit Aboue all things care must be had that the small end be not 〈◊〉 contrarie put downeward for then it would bring forth writhen weake small 〈◊〉 hard Artichokes You must also make choice of the fairest and greatest â—eed 〈◊〉 may be found and that the small pits be made a good fathome the one from the 〈◊〉 that so one plant may not hinder another It is true that it is better to 〈…〉 slips and branches than the seed because there commeth fruit the sooner of the 〈◊〉 than of the other and because that in so planting of them you may be occupied 〈◊〉 well imployed euerie moneth and so reape your fruit in diuers seasons of the 〈◊〉 according as the earth is fat or leane hot or cold moist or drie or as the 〈◊〉 hardly agreeing with and vnfit for this plant And in anie case plant of those 〈◊〉 beare the fairest fruit according as there are diuers sorts in respect of their 〈◊〉 length roundnesse diuers colours and tast some also being prickly and 〈◊〉 without pricks For of Artichokes there be diuers kinds as the round and the 〈◊〉 the red and the greene the round which is greene is a good Artichoke so 〈…〉 red although it be long yet the soale is but thinne neither is the leafe verie 〈◊〉 onely it is exceeding pleasant in tast the greene which is long is of 〈◊〉 sorts the worst for it neither beareth good soale nor good leafe but is a loose 〈◊〉 leaued Artichoke euer wallowish and vnpleasant but the round large 〈◊〉 whose tops of leaues are red being hard firme and as it were all of one piece is of 〈◊〉 other the best Artichoke hath the deepest soale the thickest leafe and is the 〈◊〉 to grow in anie soyle whatsoeuer And therefore I would with euerie man as 〈◊〉 as he can to make choice of these before anie other kind If you would that the Artichoke should grow without prickes you must 〈◊〉 against a stone and breake the end of the seed which is sharpe or else put the 〈◊〉 after the manner of a graft in the â—oot of a Lettuce which hath no rinde and 〈…〉 small pieces in such sort as that euerie piece may be grafted with a seed and so 〈◊〉 You shall haue Artichokes of good tast if you let the seed steepe three 〈◊〉 before you plant it in the iuice of Roses or Lillies or oyle of Bay or of 〈◊〉 or some other sweet and fragrant iuice and then afterward drie it â—nd so plant 〈◊〉 it Although that as concerning the former oyles there be some which are of a 〈◊〉 opinion and doe thinke that the oyle doth spoyle the seed You shall 〈◊〉 Artichoke of the smell of the Bay tree if you cleaâ—e or make a hole in a Bay 〈◊〉 and putting therein the seed of an Artichoke doe set it so Artichokes will be 〈◊〉 in tast if before you set the seed you steepe them in milke which must be 〈◊〉 and changed twice or thrice before that it sowre or in honey and then 〈◊〉 drie and set them Two sorts of beasts doe annoy the roots of Artichokes Mice and Moâ—les 〈◊〉 dung of Swine or the ashes of the Fig-tree spread about the roots of the 〈◊〉 doe chase away Mice and the like will fall out if you wrap their roots aboâ—◠〈◊〉 wooll Some to driue away Rats that destroy the roots of Artichokes vnder the 〈◊〉 pricke downe halfe a foot deepe in the earth certaine stickes of Elder tree 〈◊〉 some foure ynches
the nosthrils mingled with Hennes grease it dryeth vp the Kibes applyed with a linnen cloth vnto burnings it easeth and take◠〈◊〉 the paine being mixt with strong vineger it stayeth bleeding at the nose if it be dropt and put into the nose with a feather An Onion rosted vpon hot coales and eaten with Sugar Oyle and a little Vineger doth cure the Cough and is good for them that are stopped or stuffed in their Lungs and such as are short breathed Take away the heart of an Onions 〈◊〉 it with Cummin seed powdred stop the hole and rost the Onion thus prepared â—â—der hot ashes when it is rosted strayne it out this iuice is singular good for the noyses and deafenesse of the eares being dropped into them The thicke riâ—de of the Onion burned or rosted vnder hot ashes assuageth old Head-ach and Megrams if you put in little morsell moistened or besprinkled with Oyle of Roses and Bayes within the eare of that side of the head that aketh An Onion stamped with fresh Butter easeth the paines of the Hemorrhoids stamped with Honey and Salt it is a soueraigne remedie for the biting of a mad dogge and other such like beasts mingled with Hennes grease it taketh away the red and blew spots of the face boyled in Wine or in Water and afterward stamped and fried in common Oyle and applyed in forme of a Cataplasme vnto the Nauell it assuageth the throwes of Women newly brought in bed rosted vpon hot coales and mixed with Leauen and Oyle of Lillies it ripeneth Imposâ—umes Take away the heart of the Onion fill the hollow place with Tracle or Mithridate dissolued and beat with the iuice of Citrons stoppe vp the hole againe with the Cap or vpper Crust which you cut ofâ— rost all together vnder the hot ashes and that so long as vntill all be well incorporated and drencht in afterward strayne the Onion so rosted and giue that which shall be strayned to drinke to him that is infected with the Plague and cause him by and by to lye downe and to be well couered to the end that he may sweat This Medicine hath not his match against the Plague prouided that the sweat breake forth by and by As for Chibols and Chyues they come more neere vnto the nature of Onions as by the smell one may well perceiue than vnto the nature of Leekes which they nothing resemble saue onely in the blade or stalke and in that they haue no head They must be sowne in the Spring as other hearbes in the same ground with the Onion They are verie pleasant in Salads to temper the coldnesse of other cold hearbes CHAP. XXIIII Of Garlicke GArlicke as is well knowne vnto the inhabitants of Gascoine Aquitaine Limosin and those about Burdeaux would be planted at the same time that Onions are and in the new of the Moone that so they may be great and it must not be set in whole heads but in those little â—loues and parts which may be diuided and taken off from the head They shall be set all along vpon beds diuided by ridges like vnto ridged grounds of the Countrey of Beaux to the end that the water may not destroy them in Winter For this hearbe desireth a drie ground and but a little moist verie white and not much dunged or verie fat When they shall haue put forth three leaues you must weed them as oft as you can for so they will become fairer and their seed will be the greater Who so is desirous to haue it great headed must take away the tops of it or else tread it downe with his feet before it put forth his stalke for by this meanes the iuice will returne into the head It groweth likewise of Seed but more slowly for it hath no better a head for the first yeare than a Leeke the second yeare it beginneth to be better headed and more like it selfe but is not perfect and absolute vntill the third yeare If you sow it in the wane of the Moone and take them vp in like manner when the Moone is vnder the earth you shall haue Garlicke that will not smell so strong but contrariwise if you sow in the new or growth of the Moone Likewise it will haue a sweet sauour if when you sow it you set in the middest thereof the kernels of Oliues as likewise if in planting it you set by the side thereof a Cloue ioyned verie close thereunto it will retaine the smell and taste thereof In like manner it will be of a better taste if you steepe it in good sweet Wine a day before that you sow it And if you steepe it in Milke two dayes before you sowe it it will become both greater and better The fit and conuenient time to gather and take it vp is in the wane of the Moone and in drie and faire weather when the stalke will no longer stand vpright It is kept well vpon straw lying bare or hung vp in the smoake of the chimney or being steept a little in salt water And to keepe it long you must let it ripe well and when it is gathered to lay it in the Sunne that it may drie throughly and afterward to lay it vp in a place that is not moist and whereas notwithstanding the Sunne commeth not for so it would continue but a while It is true that if you meane to sow and set it afterward that then you must not hang it vp in the smoakâ— nor steepe it in salt water for such kind of keeping doth make it barren and not fit to grow anie more Garlicke eaten bringeth a verie vnpleasant smell vnto the mouth and for the taking away of the same you must eat a raw Beane by and by after or the ribbe of a Beet rosted in ashes or some Smallage or greene Parsley or which is better if you loue Garlicke and hate the stinking breath that it yeeldeth then vse vineger wherein it hath beene steeped or else cause the Dishes and Vessels whereon your meat is to be serued to be rubbed therewith for by this 〈◊〉 you shall haue the taste thereof in your mouth and yet your breath shall not smell anie thing ill Garlicke eaten fasting is the Countrey mans Treacle in the time of the Plague and other dangerous diseases as also against all manner of Venime and Poyson It is true that it causeth thirst and heat throughout the bodie and head-ach when it is ofâ— vsed but all these inconueniences will be easily corrected if you eate some Smallage or Parsley presently after Verie manie men but especially the people of Aquitaine in the beginning of the Spring time namely the first day of May doe eat euerie morning Garlicke with fresh butter by this meanes they hope to continue sound and strong all the yeare Garlicke applyed in forme of a Cataplasme vnto the stingings of Serpenâ—s or biting of a mad Dogge is a soueraigne medicine against the same
the tooth-ach 〈◊〉 the paine being drie and thrust into the teeth it rooteth them out put 〈◊〉 decoction and drunke oftentimes it breaketh the stone it maketh a good colour 〈◊〉 the face and a sweet smell in all the bodie excepted onely that it maketh the vrine strong and stinking CHAP. XXX Of Garden and Water-Cresses GArden-Cresses so called because they grow at all times and are of great nourishment as also Water-Cresses doe loue moist places and the little Brookes rising from Springs and other little Riuers whereforâ— they aske no other labour in Gardens but to be planted neere to 〈◊〉 that they may grow well and to be watered euerie day hauing water 〈◊〉 at their foot Both of them are verie good in Salads of Lettuce and haue great force against the Stone and difficultie of Vrine And furthermore Cresses of the Garden made in a Cataplasme doth resolue Carbuncles the Sciatica Cat-haires and all other sorts of Impostumes especially if it be mixed with Leauen it killeth the Wormes The iuice thereof drunke with the iuice of Mints and Wine doth the like The iuice of Water-Cresses dropped into the eare doth heale the paiâ—â— of the teeth comming of a cold cause The seed of Cresses chewed and held 〈◊〉 the mouth is good against the palsie of the Tongue In the palsies of othâ— parts there must be applyed vnto the said parts bagges full of the seed of the said Cresses hauing boyled 〈◊〉 first in Wine The same remedie is good also for the Colicke Water-Cresses in a fomentation comfort a cold stomacke prouoke the termes mundifie and cleanse the mother and prepare it to conceiue They dissolue the colicke of the mother if you frie them with Mugwort vpon a hot fire 〈◊〉 sprinkling them with red wine and applying them vnto the bellie They are verie singular against the paines of the mother after Child-birth if with the flowers of Camomill and the leaues of Mugwort all chopped small and incorporated with foure yolkes of egges you frie them all in a frying-panne with the oyle of Lillies and applie it hot vnto the bellie and nauell The iuice thereof rubbed aboâ—â— the cods stayeth the flux of the seed in the night time A Cataplasme made of the leaues of Water-Cresses of the leaues and rootes of Turneps and of the rootes of Parsley all chopped small and fried with pure wine and butter and applyed 〈◊〉 the stomacke and the groine causeth the vrine that hath beene long kept to 〈◊〉 away and auoid CHAP. XXXI Of Saffron AS concerning Saffron as shall be said hereafter it loueth an indiffereâ—â— soyle not strong not dunged but yet well eared lying vpon the Sunne and well digged and it commeth verie well in the place where Onions haue growne It loueth not water and standeth in awe of the Moule and Mice It groweth better the head being set than the seed being sowne for indeed it is not vsed to be sowne but the heads of it onely to be set as the heads of Lillies Leekes or Sea Onions are They are planted and set by ridges in Aprill and May. The heads are let ripen on heapes in the shadow of the Sunne some eight daies before they be set and this must be in such a place as is not moist They are set in a well-digged earth with their roots and a good distance one from another as namely about halfe a spanne and three ynches deepe It groweth the better if it be a little footed vpon It flowreth euerie yeare in Autumne for one whole moneth together and then letteth the flower fall but it keepeth his leaues greene all Winter long vnto the Spring and then it beginneth to wither and maketh no shew at all in Summer It may continue good being set and plantâ—d for nine yeares and then if it be remoued into some other place it will be able to doe further good It is true that it springeth forth manie cloues and kernels which must be taken away euerie three yeare or else the root would be choaked and smothered Some doe set it as being the best time from after mid August vnto mid September and cast at the roots of it the drosse of Grapes as it commeth from the Presse and leaue it in the earth two or three yeares and euerie yeare in Aprill and May the dried part of the hearbe is tyed vp and troden into the earth some two ynches deepe without hurting of the root and after you haue cleansed the grassie part and leaues thereof and that the flower shall be ripe as in August and toward Autumne it shall be gathered in the morning at Sunne-rise and reserued in a close and drie place Furthermore the Saffron is knowne to be good if it be fat if being holden in your hand it make a noyse and if being put into anie liquor it dissolue if being handled and held vp to the face it procure a certaine kind of biting or pricking vnto the eyes if it be of a golden colour if it dye the hand with his colour and haue somewhat a â—harpe smell and pricking and if it be not brittle and verie readiâ— to breake Saffron taken in a verie small quantitie is good for the weakenesse of the stomacke and fainting of the heart it keepeth from being drunke and healeth the bitings of Serpents and Spiders if it be taken inwardly or applyed outwardly in great quantitie it procureth swimming and paine in the head and bringeth a â—oggie mist ouer the eyes CHAP. XXXII Of Nauets great and small NApes and Nauets called of the Latines Napi are two diuers sorts of one kind but notwithstanding differing in taste colour and greatnesse for the Napes are greater and drawing toward a yellow colour lessâ— pleasing the taste Nauets are lesse white and a great deale more sauorie both of them are sowne after one fashion in a well-digged ground and withall well enriched and made verie good that so they may goe downe a good way and worke themselues deepe into the ground or else in a ground which is intended to be made fertâ—e or vpon Stubbles which haue beene newly plowed or betwixt Millâ— and Pannicke The seed is vsed to be mingled with earth broken into small powder that so it may sow the more clearely not falling manie together it must not be aboâ—â— three yeares old for if it be elder it bringeth forth Coleworts And if the seed 〈◊〉 beene steeped and moistened in milke or sweet wine or honied water two or three daies before it be sowne it will be verie much the better And if they come 〈…〉 thicke there is some part of them to be taken vp and set in other places They 〈◊〉 be well wed and digged and the fairest and greatest kept to haue the sâ—â—d of 〈◊〉 They are sowne in August When you goe about to sow them you must looke thâ—â— the earth haue beene newly watered with raine for so they will grow betteâ— And aboue all things it must be looked vnto
your better choice of the said seed take that which is of the Melons first put foâ—th as I haue alreadie said iâ— so be that your melon plot doe bring forth the fruit somewhat late for otherwise it will be good to take them that come forth last as also that which groweth betwixt the middle and head or crowne of the melon and out of it not that which is on that side whereupon the Melon lieth the best seeded and most rising from the earth being heauie and full and you may make triall of it in water because that such seed will sinke downe to the bottome and it must not be aboue one yeare old for if it be it soone groweth sicke and casteth his fruit in vntimely sort Pompions and Melons must be gathered in the morning before Sunne rise and they must be gathered when as they begin to cast their taile and yeeld a pleasant smel at their ends and then you must beware of and looke to Cats that goe a catterwauling and if you would carrie or send them farre you must gather them a little before they be ripe and with the hand onely without any edge-toole for they will come so their just and perfect ripenesse by this course which the cutting with an yron would keepe them from there must notwitstanding care be had that those which are called Winter Pompions be neuer suffered to ripen vpon their beds but for to ripen them they must be gathered and hung vp vnder the floore of some higher roome and when they are once turned yellow to eat them Furthermore that I may say something of their goodnesse you must vnderstand that there are diuers sorts of Pompions for there are some female and are called pompionets and they are more long than the other and haue not their wrinkles standing vp so high the other be more thick greater bellied and haue their wrinkleâ— more high and stretched out from the taile vnto the eye Some of them are called Turquins as those which haâ—e a verie greene colour and drawing somewhat toward a blacke some other of them haue the shape of a Quince and they are properly called Melons and haue a more fast and solide flesh than the pompions haue which likewise haue not so many wrinkles in their sides nor so much moisture in their nollow parts neither yee are they so thicke but haue a whitish flesh and a great deale more seed than the pompions The other sort may be called citruls as hauing the fashion and colour of a citron and their leaues diueâ—sly drawne with many small lines like vnto the feathers or wings of birds The other are Winter pompions and these are not so thick or great as the common pompions and yet furthermore the one hath a white meat and the other a yellow whereupon the first doe craue more water than the later and the later are better in a strange Countrie But the Melons are best of all as also the blacke coated Pompion and the Muske Melon which become so by hâ—uing their seed steeped in water that is well sweetned with sugar or honie The signe of a good Melon is the bitternesse of the taile the hardnesse of the crowne the heaâ—â—nesse and good smell of the whole As concerning their vse they are somewhat more delicate and pleasant than Câ—cuâ—bers so that they haue a fast meat and their hollownesse drie for otherwise they are fitter to make meat for Cats that goe a catterwauling or for Mules and Asseâ— to make them fat thaâ— for to feed men withall notwithstanding this is a thing wel and sufficiently proued that a slice of a melon or pompion put in a pot with flesh causeth it to boyle the sooner Physitians likewise giue it out for a truth that the seed as well of melons as of Pompions cousred with sugar or without sugar is a soueraigne remedie to prouoke vrine to asewage the heat of the reines and to breake the stone CHAP. XL. Of certaine speciall obseruations for and about Cucumbers Citrons Gourds Melons and such like fruits IF the border whereon you set your Melons be not so fat nor well dunged as that of the Cucumber and Gourd and if it be not watered so soone as it is put forth and sprung it becommeth the faster meat and more 〈◊〉 and sooner ripe To cause Pompions Cucumbers and Gourds to grow without seed you must steepe your seeds in the oile of Sesamum otherwise called Turkie millet three dayes before you sow them To haue Cucumbers of such forme and fashion as one would wish they must be put whiles they be yet young and small together with their stalke into vessells or bottles that haue some figure or shape drawne within them and tie them about them for in time they will fil vp the draughts and prints within the same likewise to make them long you must put their flowers into reeds throughly emptied of their piâ—h for then the Cucumber will grow all along or else to set neere vnto them some vâ—â—sell full of water as namely about halfe a foot off for as I haue said cucumbers 〈◊〉 moisture so well as that vpon the onely standing by of water they will grow the more and become longer in like sort standeth the case with the Gourd For their better and greater growth you must sow them in cases or pots or other great vesselâ— full of sifted and well manured earth which may be carried and rolled or drawne from one place to another into the Sun that so it may haue both the presence of the Sun-shine and absence of the cold winds and frosts and when they begin to grow breake off their ends To free them of vermine and lice sow Organie round about them or else pricâ—â— some boughs amongst their plants To make that a Cucumber or Melon shall haue no water fill the pit that yoâ— haue digged to plant your seeds halfe full of straw or the shutes of vines cut 〈◊〉 small and put vpon the earth and afterward your seed and doe not water them 〈◊〉 all or else verie little To make melons or cucumbers laxatiue sprinkle them fiue dayes together 〈◊〉 fiue times â—uerie day with water wherein hath beene steeped and infused the 〈◊〉 wild Cucumber for the space of three dayes Otherwise vncouer them so soone 〈◊〉 they haue put forth any budd and dung them at the foot with about two ounces of blacke Hellebor steept in water and afterward couer them againe Otherwiâ—â— steepe the seed before you sow it three daies in the infusion off cammonie or 〈◊〉 or Agaricke or some other purging medicine To make Pompions sweet and smell well so soone as you haue taken out the core and wiped and dried the seed put it amongst drie Roses or some graines of Muske and there keâ—pe it vntill you must sow it and if it so like you sow them together or else steepe the seed foure daies before you sow it in
through a Limbecke in Maries-bath doth maruailously heale the Agues caused of the obstructions of any noble part and which is more it killeth the wormes and wipeth away all the spots of the face it they be often washed therewith It is exceeding good against the inflammation of the eyes It is verie soueraigne against any infection or mortall sicknesse if it be drunke with Water and Honie it abateth the swelling of the bodie and easeth the colicke whether it be in the stomach or in the bowels it also cureth the biting or stinging of venimous beasts and it causeth a woman to be deliuered of her dead birth The root is a present remedie against the Plague not onely in men but also in all â—orts of cattell it is a speciall preseruatiue against all poyson and a meanes to withstand all putrefaction in regard whereof the Switzers mingle it amongst their owne meat and the sodder or prouender of their cattell that so they may continue in good health Arsmart so called because the leaues applied to the fundament for to wipe it doe cause great paine and of the Latines Hydropiper doth require a marshie ground full of water or at the least verie moist or often watered and it groweth rather being planted of a root then sowne of seed It is verie singular in ointments for old vlcers and fistulaes as also in clysters for bloudie fluxes the leaues thereof washed in cold water and applied vnto wounds and vlcers either of man or beast doe take away by and by the paine thereof and doth throughly heale them as the swellings or gaules vnder the saddles of horses that 〈◊〉 hurt if they be renewed euerie day and the horse needs not to be forborne for all that Or else take the hearbe new steepe it in water and wash it then rub therewith the swolne or gauled place then put the hearbe in some place where it may quickly rot or else burie it in some fat ground and coâ—er it with a great stone so soone as the â—hearbe is rotted so soone will the fore be healed If you spread it all greene in the bed it killeth fleas you shall keep powdred proke from wormes if you wrap it in the leaues of this hearbe thâ— juice thereof dropped into wormie eares doth kill the wormes that is in them Eye-bright delighteth in a leane ground and shadowed place and yet where moiâ—ture is not altogether wanting such as are the meadows and little mountaines is groweth of roots not of seed It is singular good against the dimnesse waterishnesse â—ataract rheume and weaknesse of the eyes being either applied and layd thereto or â—aken inwardly by the mouth there is a powder made of â—he dried leaues which beâ—ng oft taken by the mouth with the yolke of an egge or alone or mixt with aloes â—nd swallowed downe with Fennell-water or with water of veruaiâ—e doth comfort â—nd strengthen mightily the weake and diseased eyes some vse much to take Winâ— wherein eye-bright hath beene infused and steept a long time for the same purpose or the powder vsed with wine but the powder alone or the decoction without wine 〈◊〉 a remedie far more certaine than the wine of eye-bright as I my selfe haue proued â—y experience in as much as the Wine by his vapours doth fill the braine and proâ—ureth rheumes and therefore if you would auoid these inconuenienees you must â—elay your Wine vvith the vvater of Fennell or mixe Sugar therewith 〈◊〉 de â—illa-noâ—a aâ—â—irmeth that by the continuall vse of this heâ—healed an old man which â—â—ad alreadie wholly lost his sight by the often vse of the leaues of this hearbe as well 〈◊〉 as drie as well in his drinke as in his meat Veruaine as well the male as the female must be planted of roots in a moist soile â—nd that it may grow the fairer it requireth to be remoued and that into a place of â—he like nature and qualitie Besides the helpes that this hearbe affordeth vnto vveake eyes it is also good aâ—ainst the paine of the head teeth and vlcers of the mouth and principally in the â—â—fections of the skinne as the itch the tetter the flying-fire the ring-worme the â—prosie the Gangrena and Shbaâ—lus if it bâ— vsed in manner of a bath 〈◊〉 in manner of a foâ—entation made with Fâ—mitorie in Water and Vinegar Elicampane must not be sowne of seed because the seed hath no power to 〈◊〉 but it must rather be planted of the young sprouts pulled gently from the 〈…〉 that in a verie well tilled ground and which hath beene manured not verie 〈…〉 yet ouershadowed It is good to plant it in the beginning of Februarie leauing 〈◊〉 foot distance betwixt plant and plant for it hath great leaues and the roots do 〈◊〉 verie much as doe the young sprouts or roots of Reed The Wine wherein the root of Elicampane hath steept for the space of four◠〈◊〉 twentie houres is singular good against the colicke as we haue alreadâ—e said in 〈◊〉 first booke the juice of the root is singular good to continue and keepe the 〈◊〉 and beautifull hew of women The decoction of the root is likewise good 〈◊〉 â—â—joyce the heart and to prouoke vrine and the termes of women as also to 〈…〉 to spit out but then it must be vsed inwardly and whiles it is new and greene 〈◊〉 when it is old and drie it is fit to be vsed outwardly and not to be taken into 〈◊〉 bodie Dittander which hath the tast of pepper and mustard for which cause it is 〈◊〉 of the Latines Piperitis must be planted before the first of March cut as the 〈◊〉 but not so oft for feare it should die with cold It will continue two 〈◊〉 prouided that it be carefully weeded and dunged it continueth in many 〈◊〉 whole ten years and it cannot easily be destroyed The root of Dittander stamped with Hogs-gâ—ease or with the root of 〈◊〉 and applied in forme of a cataplaâ—me vnto the Sciatica doth cure it throughly It taketh away the great spots freckles and scales or pilling of the face by 〈…〉 the thin skin wherein these are fixed and as for the rawnesse left after the away of this skin it is healed easily with ointment of Roses Great Celandine groweth in euerie ground so that there be any shadow 〈…〉 and it would be sowne in Februarie and may so continue ten yeares so that â—waies after it hath cast his seed the stalkes thereof be cut downe within 〈…〉 of the root The juice of the flowers mixt with honie or womans milke or some othe◠〈◊〉 asswage the sharpenesse of it doth take away the spots in the eyes 〈…〉 scartes and vicers healeth the ring-wormes and itch of the head and the 〈…〉 the haire of little children The Alchymistes doe make great account of it 〈◊〉 their extractions of mettalls Some say that the old Swallows doe recouer the 〈◊〉 of their young ones being pore-blind by applying vnto their
aboâ—â—dantly The best season either to sow or plant it is in the Spring time and it endureâ—h manie yeares without aid or replanting all parts of it is verie medicinall both the root stalke leaues and flowers The water distilled of this hearbe is good againâ—â— all Venimes or Poyson taken into the stomacke and also against all inward infection Itch Byles or Vlcers Then is Agrimonie of which we haue spoken 〈◊〉 Then Serpentar which is so called through the likelyhood it beareth of a 〈◊〉 and of it there are two kinds one great the other small It desireth a verie good earth and somewhat moist and may be sowne or planted in the Spring time The roots of this hearbe is excellent for all malignant Vlcers a decoction of the 〈◊〉 thereof is good for Womens termes and the leaues thereof keepeth Cheese long from rotting Then Onos which will grow in anie earth and rather in a barren 〈◊〉 a fertile and is best to be set of the root either in the Spring time or in 〈◊〉 It is soueraigne against the Stone and prouoketh Vrine speedily and a decoctioâ— of the roots thereof taketh away the paine in the teeth Then Cinquefoile which groweth almost in euerie place and may be planted in anie season the decoction 〈◊〉 it being gargled or held long in the mouth taketh away the paine of the teeth and heales anie Vlcer in the mouth it is also good against anie Infection or pestilâ—â— Ayre Then Sellodnie of which wee haue spoken before Then Staphiâ—â—â—â— which desireth a good ground yet euer to be planted in the shadow and that prâ—â—cipally about the Spring time It is good against paine in the Teeth 〈◊〉 and other Obstructions which grow from cold causes Then Goats leafe which will grow euerie where if it be not annoyed with wind and may be sowne or planted either in the Spring or in Autumne and is exceeding good for the stone Then ground Iuie of which we haue spoken before Then Tussilago or Colts foot which groweth best in watrie of moist places and would euer be planted in the Spring time or 〈◊〉 Autumne it is verie good against infection and against all straitnesse of breath 〈◊〉 the smoake or fume thereof being taken through a small tunnell in at the mouth 〈◊〉 cureth all infirmities of the lungs Then Salicaria or Lifimachus which receiued the name from the King Lisimachus who first made vse of that hearbe it loueth to be planted neere vnto Riuers either in the Spring time or in Winter it is good against the Dissenteria or to staunch bloud either being vsed in the leafe or in powder Lastly Vlmaria which loueth to be planted in low and shadowie valleyes a great 〈◊〉 more moist than drie and would be planted chiefely in Autumne The decoction 〈◊〉 it purgeth and cleanseth the bodie of all flegme whether it be sharpe or grosse it helpeth the Falling sicknesse the powder either of the roots or the leaues stayeth 〈◊〉 flux of the bellie or the issue of bloud and the distilled water easeth all paines both inward and outward Those hearbes which affect the North and delight to endure the blasts and â—â—â—pings of those colder ayres are first Gentiana of which we haue spoken before Thâ—â— Cabaret or Asarum which neuer groweth so well from the seed as from the plant 〈◊〉 asketh little cost in tillage and beareth flowers twice a yeare that is to say both 〈◊〉 the Spring and in Autumne it cureth the paine in the head and assuâ—geth the inflammation and anguish of sore eies it is good against Fistulaes the Gout and Sciâ—â—ticaes The powder of the root prouoketh Vrine and stayeth the menstruall Flux 〈◊〉 helpeth the Dropsie and putteth away both the Feauer tertian and quartane Then the Golden rod which onely groweth from the seed and would be planted in a good soyle in the Spring time it is good against the Stone or Strangurie it bindeth vp Vlcers and healeth Fistulaes Then the hearbe which is called Deuils-bit it desireth but an indifferent earth rather moist than drie and where the Seed often sayâ—eth there the Plant neuer doth if it be set in the Spring time It is good against bitâ—er griefes as those which proceed from choler and against pestilent tumors against â—ice in childrens heads and such like Then Betonie of which we haue spoken beâ—ore Then Harts-tongue which onely groweth best from the root it is to be planâ—ed in the moneths of March and Aprill in a fat earth yet the moister the better it helpeth all oppilations and cureth those which are troubled with a quartane Feauer Then the hearbe Dogges-tongue which desireth a light blacke mould yet but reaâ—onably tilled it may be sowne or planted in the Spring time it is good to cure the Hemorrhoids and easeth all Ach in the limbes Then Serpents-tongue which must â—uer be placed in a rich earth coole and moist for it can by no means endure the heat of the Summer it is best to be planted from the root in the first beginning of the Spring there is in it much vertue for the resoluing of Tumors and helping of Scalâ—ings or Burnings or other malignant Vlcers or anie inflammations in the Eyes Then water Germander which delighteth most in cold grounds enclining more to â—oisture than drinesse and rather fat than leane it flourisheth most in the moneths of Iune and Iuly yet in such sort that the flowers continue not aboue a day at most â—or as one falls away another rises it is best to be planted from the root or slippe 〈◊〉 the moneths of Februarie or March it is soueraigne against all manner of Poyâ—ons as Pestilence or the Dissenteria it prouoketh Vrine and the termes of Women it cleanseth Vlcers and reuiueth all benummed members Then Tormenâ—ill or Septifolium which loueth a darke waterish and shadowed earth yet that which is verie fat and â—ertile it is alwaies to be sowne from the seed either in the Spring time or in Autumne it is soueraigne against the Stone but chiefely it cuâ—eth Fistulaes and old Vlcers it withstandeth Poyson and easeth the paine of the Teeth Then Enula Campane of which we haue spoken before Then Persicaria which is oftest planted from the root in the Spring time in grounds which are rather moist than drie The decoction of this hearbe cureth all manner of bruises in Beasts where the bone is not broken onely by bathing them therein Also the flesh of Mutâ—ons Beeues Veales and such like is kept fresh manie daies by the vertue of this herbe â—nely being wrapped about the same Then Lyons foot which will not liue but in 〈◊〉 good earth fat and fertile yet somewhat moist and is best to be sowne in the â—oneths of March or Aprill it hath an excellent vertue for the healing of ruptures 〈◊〉 young children Then Eringo which craueth a good and well tilled ground and â—ay be sowne or planted either in the Spring or in Autumne it is good against the Collicke against Grauell or the
〈…〉 also that it may grow the fairer and fuller leafe it will be good to water the 〈◊〉 â—oft with water wherein hath been steeped for the space of one whole day drie thyme somewhat bruised If you be disposed to gather the seed you must gather also the flowers wherein it is contained seeing they cannot be sundred A Cataplasme made of thyme boyled in Wine appeaâ—eth the paine of the Sciatiâ—â—ca and the windinesse of the bodie and matrin The smelling of thyme is soueraigne to raise them that haue the Falling-sicknesse out of their fit and also to keepe them from their fit by decking their bed about with the leaues thereof The oft vsing of thyme with wine or whay is good for melancholicke persons Winter Sauourie craueth no fat manured or well tilled ground but rather an â—pen stonie and light ground lying so as the Sunne may shine full vpon it Both Thyme and Winter Sauourie are good for the nourishing of bees and for the preserâ—ing and seasoning of meats they are also called fine sebtill or small and slender hearbes Organie otherwise called bastard Margerome loueth a rough stonie peble weake and yet well fuâ—nisht ground and vvithall craueth a manured ground as also to be watered vntill it be growne vp to his full bignesse notwithstanding it be seene â—o grow in many places without watering or dunging It may be remoued of little â—prouts or sciences and the lower end set vpward to the end that it may put forth new â—prings and shoots and be sown of his seed the which the elder it is so much the sooâ—er it will put forth of the earth although that organie do not ordinarily shew it selfe before the 30 or 40 day after the sowing of it in many places it is sowne neere vnto â— because they willingly load themselues from thence and make singular honie Organie boyled in Wine and layed vpon the region of the raines doth take away and vndoe the difficultie of making vvater being boyled in wine and drunke it is good against venimous beasts or the stingings of Scorpions and Spiders A Cataplasme made of Organie and Barly meale boyled together resolueth the tumours vnder the eares The decoction thereof is good to comfort the sinews and the relaxed and weake parts the seed thereof drunke vvith Wine doth prepare and dispose a vvoman to conceiue the flowers and leaues of the sayd Organie dried at the fire in an earthen test or melting pot and being wrapped vp verie hot in a cloth and applied vnto the head and kept fast tied thereunto doth cure the rheume comming of cold Hyssope affecteth a place free from shadow and lying open vpon the Sunne it â—ay be set or sowne about the twelfth of March It must be cut in the moneth of August and dried to put in pottage in Winter Amongst other principall vertues that it hath it is of great vse for the affects of â—he lungs and to prouoke vvomens termes of there be a broth made thereof to sup â—asting in the morning Some say that the syrope of Hyssope taken oftentimes with â—owerfold so much of the vvater of Pellitorie of the wall causeth the stone and much grauell to auoyd from the reines Hyssope with figs rue and honie boyled together â—n water and drunke is good for those that are short breathed and for old and hard â—oughs stampt with salt cummine and honie and applied healeth the stingings of Scorpions stampt with oyle and rubbed it killeth lice pills made of hyssope â—orehound and pionie roots doe heale the falling-sicknesse Sommer sauourie doth delight in an open Sunne shining place and therefore must be set or sowne in such a one not in a fat or manured ground for it is often seen grow of it selfe in leane grounds and neere vnto the Sea It groweth more delightâ—ully and of a better tast if it be sowne amongst onions It is verie good for sauce to â—eat The leaues and flowres applied vnto the head in forme of a cap or garland doth away the drowsily inclined A Cataplasme made of sauorie and wheat meale â—oth cure distillations The Sciatiâ—â—â— Coriander â—orteth well with any kind of ground notwithstanding in a fat and â—ew ground it groweth a great deale more aboundantly and it seeketh for an hot â—ire againe that which groweth in a sunnie place doth ouerthriue that vvhich groweth in a shadowed place when you goe about to sow it chuse the eldest seed you can get for by how much it is the elder by so much it is the better so that it 〈◊〉 not mouldie and foughtie Sow it also in a fat and moist ground and yet 〈…〉 a leane ground and to cause it to spring vp the sooner you must steepe the 〈…〉 water two daies before you sow it If you must dung the ground where it is to be sowne it must be with Sheepe or Goats dung rather than anie other The excessiue heat thereof bringeth Head-ach and the trembling of the 〈◊〉 being eaten after meat it comforteth digestion and dispelleth windinesse so that 〈◊〉 be prepared The way to prepare it is as followeth You must hauing dried it 〈◊〉 cast vpon it verie good wine and vineger mixt together and leaue it thus sprinklâ—â— and wet the space of foure and twentie houres then drie it vp and keepe it for Physicke vse being stamped in vineger and cast vpon flesh it keepeth it from 〈◊〉 it prouoketh womens termes and some say that looke how manie seeds a woman drinketh with white wine so manie daies shall her termes continue 〈…〉 drunke with the iuice of Pomegranats killeth the Wormes in children The 〈◊〉 thereof with Ceruse Litharge of Siluer Vineger and Oyle of Roses 〈…〉 Wild fire and all Rednesse The seed stamped in Vineger doth keepe the 〈◊〉 from corrupting in Summer Also to drinke the iuice thereof with Honey 〈◊〉 Wine killeth Wormes and adding the seedes bruised thereto it helpeth a 〈◊〉 Feuer Sage as well the little as the great it planted of branches wrythen at the foot 〈◊〉 also of roots in the Spring and Autumne It is sowne also at the same time The 〈◊〉 delighteth to be laid about with Lee ashes It must be set neere vnto Rue to 〈◊〉 from Adders and Lizards which vse to take vp their lodging neere vnto Sage 〈◊〉 may be knowne by the leaues which haue their tops oftentimes withered and dried the same comming of hauing beene touched by Serpents Sage refuseth neither 〈◊〉 nor cold ayre how beit naturally it groweth in a barren stoâ—â—e and ill 〈◊〉 ground and that in such sort as that in some places of Spaine the mountaine◠〈…〉 ouer-growne therewith and the Countrey inhabitants burne no other wood Noâ—withstanding to grow faire it would be well digged about and kept clean◠〈◊〉 leaues and stalkes that are dead It hath a singular vertue to comfort the â—inewes that are hurt by being 〈…〉 or otherwise become weake
the said tooth-ach It is good also for them which haue the swimming of the head as also for them which are troubled with Melancholie or with the Stone Caâ—s-mint or Nept is a kind of Calamint whereof wee haue spoken before so called because that Cats doe exceedingly delight in the smell thereof and doe tumble themselues round vpon the leaues and stalkes it groweth without anie great husbanding in marshie and waterish places as may easily be seene and tryed It is reported to haue a singular vertue in helping women to conceiue In like manner Physitians are wont to prescribe Bathes and Fomentations made of this hearbe for women that cannot conceiue and haue children Also it is verie delicately purgatiue and openeth the bodie verie gently without offence or danger aftercoâ—â—iâ—enesse French Lauander being and hearbe of a verie good smell and verie vsuall in Languâ—doâ— and Prouence doth craue to be diligently tilled in a fat ground and lying open to the Sunne The decoction syrrup or distilled water doth comfort the braine and memorie taketh away the obstructions of the Liuer Spleene Lungs and Matrix but such as are cholericke must not vse it because it disquieteth them mightily in causing them to vomit and altering them much by bringing a heat vpon all the bodie The drie stonie and Sunne-shining place is verie fit for Lauander whether male or female Before it flower it must be cut and picked verie carefully It is of a sweet smell and good when it is dryed to put amongst Linnens and Woollen Clothes â—mparting of his sweetnesse vnto them and keeping of them from vermine It is verie excellent to comfort weake and wearied sinewes or otherwise ill affected through some cold cause and by reason hereof Baths and Fomentations made of Lauander for Palsies Conuulsions Apoplexies and other such like affects are verie soueraigne The flowers with Cinnamon Nutmeg and Cloues doe heale the beating of the heart The distilled water of the flowers taken in the quantitie of two spoonefuls restoreth the lost speech and healeth the swownings and disease of the heart The consâ—rue and distilled water thereof doe the like The Oyle thereof dryeth vp Rheumes also and beeing annoynted vpon the nape of the necke it is singular good against conuulsions and benummednesse of sinewes All-good otherwise called in French Orualle because it is as much worth as gold groweth in anie ground without seed and with seed it delighteth notwithstanding to be often watered The leaues stamped and applyed doe draw forth thornes and prickes that are fastened and runne into anie part of the bodie whatsoeuer It doth in like manner bring the child out of the mothers bodie being in trauell The wine wherein it hath been steeped in small quantitie doth make men pleasant and cheerefull and apt to carnall copulation The seed thereof put into the eye and turned manie times round about the eye doth cleanse and cleare it in wiping away the â—â—egmaticke humour wherewith you shall well perceiue the seed to be laden and aâ— it were wrapt in small filmes after that it is taken out of the eyes The flowerâ— and seed put in a vessell full of sweet Wine whiles it yet purgeth giueth it the tast of Malmesey It is true that such Wine will quickly make one drunke and cause the head-ach as we see that Beere doth wherein Brewers boyle Clarie in stead of Hoppes Nigella of the Garden must be sowne in a ground that is fat and well tilled The fume of the seed taken doth stay the rheume drie the braine and causeth the smelling that is lost to come againe boyled with water and vineger and holden in the mouth it assuageth tooth-ach Sweet Balme groweth rather in Woods and Forests than in Gardens notwithstanding he that will haue it in his Garden must sow it in a fat and well battild ground where the heat of the Sunne commeth not verie strongly It serueth to reioyce the heart and deliuereth the spirit from melancholike imaginations and fansies it is good not onely against bitings and stingings of venimonâ— beasts but also against the Plague in whatsoeuer manner it be vsed And further if anie man doubt himselfe to haue eaten anie venimous or poysoned meat as it falleth out often in them which haue eaten Mushromes and such like things then this serueth for a singular remedie against the same Such as esteeme it a fine thing to keepe Bees to the end he may preuent their flying away and forsaking of their Hiues as also to cause them to come againe if they be gone away doe rub the Hiues with the flowers of sweet Balme as on the contrarie to driue them and to cause them to forsake them they rub them with the flowers of Fetherfew Camomile as well the white as the yellow hath no need of great tilling it is sufficient to plant it in a drie leane and stonie ground Camomile is singular good to mollifie resolue raâ—ifie and loosen and in this respect there is no remedie better for laâ—â—itudes or wearisomenesse without iust outward causes than bathes made with the leaues and flowers thereof The leaues of Camomile stamped with white wine make a verie good drinke to cure all sorts of Agues but especially Tertians for which reason the Priests of Egypt did consecrate it vnto the Sunne Also the water of Camomile drunke warme in the beginning of the fit doth throughly heale the Tertian by vomit The leaues of Camomile yet greene being dryed vpon a Tyle or hot Fire-panne doe by and by appease the head-ach Being also fried with sweet Sewet and vnset Leekes in a Frying-paâ—â—e and put hot into a Linnen bagge and so applyed to the nauell it killeth Wormes either in old middle age or young infants and taketh away all manner of paine in the bellie Melilot refuseth no ground be it fat or be it drie and yet it loueth to be watered Melilot doth mollifie resolue and rarifie as doth Camomile and yeeldeth a verie good smell especially when it is new or when it raineth in Summer it also assuageth the ach of anie part or member whatsoeuer it be Also the â—uice thereof mixed with Turpentine Waxe and Oyle ripeneth breaketh and healeth anie Impostume whatsoeuer it taketh away all hard swelling and cleanseth wounds Manie men being verie desirous to adorne and set forth their Garden with all sorts of Plants doe amongst the rest prouide to furnish it with Apples of Loue which the Latines call Mala insana by reason of the beautie of their fruit which which is as thicke as a Cucumber drawing towards a red colour They must be sowne in the Spring in a fat and well battild soyle and where the Sun hath great power because they cannot abide any cold they craue the like ordering and husbandrie that the Cucumber doth Many licorish mouthes let not to be eating of these no more than of mushroomes they take
gladly accepteth the watering of hiâ— roots with the lees of old red Wine strained Note likewise that seeing of one Date stone alone there will hardly grow vp any Date-tree bearing sufficient bignesse in the bole and bodie to carrie and 〈◊〉 the weight of the head it will be good to put and ioyne together two or three 〈◊〉 stones sowed vp in a Linnen cloth in such sort as that the sharpe sides may behold one another and so to set them for by this ioyning of two or three together your tree may come by a bodie sufficient big to beare the head Not further that if you would haue the female Date tree to beare fruit that then you must plant it neere vnto a male Date tree and not one onely but manie if it be possible because the neere standing of the one vnto the other causeth that the vertue of the male is conueyed and imparted vnto the female and that by the commixtion made by the wind from 〈◊〉 ariseth aboundance of fruit But and if you haue not the meanes to plant manie 〈◊〉 Date trees neere vnto the female it will be sufficient if you doe but touch the male oftentimes with your hand and then afterward lay the same hand vpon the femaleâ— or you must gather oâ— the flowers of the top oâ— the male or of the mosâ—e of the male and sprinkle the same vpon the female Eat but as â—ew Dates as you can for they make obstructions in the liuer and spleene and are also of hard digestion and 〈◊〉 the head-ach The Pine-tree groweth chiefely of a kernell which must be planted in October or Nouember in warme places or in cold places in Februarie or in March or about the fall of the apple or a little after and that in pits well digged and which haâ—e lyen vntilled and vnoccupied a gâ—od time the apple must not be broken by force of an yron thing to get out the kernels which must lie in steepe three dayes before hand and seuen of them set together and that fiue fingers deepe onely when they are growne vp you must not be too hastie to remoue them because they take 〈…〉 but in long time and verie hardly nay they cannot abide at all to be transplanted without their great hurt and hinderance but yet when time may serue to transplant them in any câ—se beware that you doe not hurt their roots especially the principall and thickest ones The Pine-tree groweth chiefely and thrâ—ueth best vpon high mountaines and places that are open vnto the wind still regard being had that the place where they shall be planted be as carefully husbanded and tilled as if it 〈◊〉 for to beare and bring forth wheat It will continue the longer time if the barke 〈◊〉 oft taken from it because that vnder the barke certaine little wormes do breed whiâ—â— fret and destroy the wood The distilled water of new Pine-kernells â—â—ake away the wrinckles of the face and diminish the breasts that are too great and swagging if there be laid vnto 〈…〉 clothes dipped â—n this water as oft as you can this water also is singular good to draw narrower the secret parts of women being too much distended and enlarged and to cure them of all manner of rheumes and distillations but yet their juice â—s more effectuall for these matters than the distilled water Pineapples are a meat of verie easie nourishment â—nd for that cause are verie good for such as arâ—troubled with the cough for them which are in a consumption and such as are sicke of an hectâ—cke â—euer but they must haue beene sâ—â—â—pt sometime in Rosewater to take away their acrimonie sharpnesse and oylie substance it is true that they be hard to digest and therefore to such as are cold of nature you must giue them with home and to those which are hot with sugar to helpe out with the hardneâ—â—e of their digestion They are good for such as haue the palsey for ach in the sinews and backe for heat of the vrine and gnawing of the stomach taken with the juice of Purslaine Figges being one of the best fruits we haue according to the ground and plant whereof they come are either more or lesâ—e sweet and sauorie and this commeth of the ayre as it is tempered with heat cold or a milder temper or else in respect of the moisture and drinesse of the grounds their fatnesse and leannesse their roughnesâ—e or smoothnesâ—e their sâ—â—ngth or gentlenesse and easinesse their stoâ—â—nesse or being without stones or their scituation amongst some old ruines and rotten stone walls for in respect of all these it falleth out that there are great diuersitie of figges as hauing some great some small some round some sharpe pointed some white some blacke some greene and some gray So that this tree loueth to be in places standing open vpon the Sunne and therewithall rockie or clayie stonie or mixt much with lyme neere vnto walls or old ruines yea within the verie walls being 〈◊〉 or halfe fallen downe especially that which beareth little figges verie sweet and white ones such as are those of Marâ—â—â—llis for such a figge-tree delighteth in a drie and grauelly place as on the contrarie the figge-tree that bringeth forth great lesse sweet and reddish figs desireth a fat and well manured ground It thriueth and prosperâ—th in a hot and tâ—mperate aire so that the ground be somewhat moist for this tree is verie daintie and quickly wronged and injured by frosts broken downe by winds and made thin and leane by drought by the which the fig will sooner be ouerthâ—owne and spoyled than the Mulberrie They are easily hurt by Frosts Mists and great Cold wherefore they must be planted in the Spring when Frosts are past vpon the South or East quarter in great deepe and well-digged pits of shootes and boughes of two yeares growth being faire and round ones and full of knots for these are most fruitfull And to cause them the better to take root you shall take away their barke at the nether end of the stemme about halfe a foot and yet leauing it notwithstanding fastened thereunto that so the said barke may turne into â—ootes It may in like manner be sowne of figges layd in steepe and bound about with small lines and then afterward planted in that manner and watered often and diligently but it would suâ—e better if it were grafted vpon a Plumme tree or Almond tree for so it continueth a great deale longer But whether it be planted or grafted it must not be much watred for aboundance of water corrupteth the naturall beautie of the figge-tree and maketh them verie subiect to rot It would be a great deale better to make them grow faire and become fruitfull to thrust the plant into a wild Garlick called in Latine Squilla and better in English Sea-Onion or else to steepe it in Brine or to set it round about with Oxe dung or with vnquencht Lime And to keepe and guard them
to plant the Oliue tree in your Garden chuse out a place standing vpon the South or East quarter raysed sufficient high and open to the Westerne wind and which hath also rested a good while consisting of Potters clay vnderneath and aboue mingled with Sand and Fullers clay being also a close moist and not leane ground and in this you shall plant it about mid March not of sprouâ—s putting forth at the foot of the Oliue tree but of sienes shoots and branches that are young faire and fertile pulled from the boughes of the tree as thicke as the wrist and a foot and a halfe long verie round hauing a sleeke and glistering barke without boughes and cut downe in the new of the Moone raysing the thicke barke about the length of a fathome and letting the greene barke alone which is more fine and thinne And you shall set them in the ground in such manner as they did grow vpon the tree as the lower end downward and the vpper end vpward towards Heauen as when they grew vpon the tree for if you set them the vpper end downeward they will hardly grow but and if they grow yet they will abide barren for euer You must lay the root as also the head all ouer with dung mixt with ashes and set them on such a depth in the earth as that there may be aboue them some foure fingers thicknesse of fine small mould and afterward tread all close downe together round about the new-set Plant and so cast still more earth vnto it as it sinketh with treading or else you may beat it downe with a rammer of wood It must not be transplanted till after fiue yeares but in the meane time you must digge it euerie moneth and dung it with Goats dung euerie yeare in Autumne You must water it with raine water rather than with Fountaine Riuer or Well water And sometimes you must prune and câ—t away the superfluous branches especially the drie and withered shoots and the branches putting forth vpon it if so be that the plant be not become old feeble and broken in such sort as that it standeth in need to be renewed and planted againe for then it will be requisite to leaue growing one or two of the fairest and not to cut them downe before they haue growne eight yeares and then at such time as the Moone is decreasing and the season drie and faire And sometimes euerie eight yeare you must moisten the root of the Oliue trees that are lustie and well liking with the lees or grounds of Oliues to keepe them from wormes and other vermine which are oftentimes noysome vnto this Plant. You must also defend them from Cattell especially from the browsing of Goats which would make them altogether barren You must not plant anie other Plants neere vnto the Oliue tree except the Figge-tree or the Vine whose companie and neighbourhood it reioyceth greatly in and hateth especially the Oake yea euen to be planted in the place where the Oake was standing and is pulled vp for there it dieth presently The Oliue tree may be grafted in the bud with that kind of grafting called the Scutcheon and that of the thickest and strongest grafts that may be pickt out of the Oliue tree as we will further shew hereafter but it were but a lost labour to sow it of his stones and kernels The Oliue tree is lesse subiect vnto vermine than anie other because of his strong â—auour insomuch that it is as good as a shield vnto all other hearbes that are about it as also by his bitternesse it killeth Coleworts Lettuces and other moist hearbes which are sowne in the same ground with it Some hold which is a maruelous thing that the Oliue tree groweth more fruitfull and aboundant in encrease if it be planted and looked vnto by such as are virgins and haue not vnlawfully abused their bodies and other mens beds or otherwise and that therefore in some Countries the plaâ—ing of it is committed vnto such youths as are certainely knowne to be chast as also 〈◊〉 ordering and gouerning of them and that there they grow faire and bring 〈◊〉 much fruit You must gather them with your hand when you are got vp into the tree by a ladder you must not hurt the branches for that might make the Oliue tree barren it must be done in Nouember when they begin to change their colour and are verie blacke this time must be faire and not rainie yea and if it haue rained sometime before your gathering you must see that it be dried vp againe verie throughly Somâ— gather their Oliues after another fashion They beat them downe with long slender Poles or Pearches of Reed not of Wood and are carefull not to strike against them for feare of beating downe some of the branches together with the fruit but such manner of gathering Oliues is not good because the Oliues beaten downe or strucken doe wither incontinently and doe not yeeld so much oyle put also vnto this discommoditie that other which is that the tree is bruised and manie of his branches broken which is a great hinderance in the yeares following Furthermore Oliues are gathered for two ends either to make Oyles or to sent as dishes at Banquets to the end that they may prouoke appetite notwithstanding wee must not thinke that all sorts of Oliues indifferently doe serue for these 〈◊〉 vses for the greatest for the most part are better for Banquets and the lesse to 〈◊〉 Oyle out of But those which are intended to be reserued for Banquets must be carefully preserued with salt Brine or salt Vineger or Oyle or the grounds of Oyle or with Cure or the drosse of Grapes or Honey or Veriuice in manner as followeth They must be gathered with the hand hauing got vp into the tree with a ladder in faire weather when they begin to be black and are not as yet throughly ripe than afterward to spread them vpon a hurdle of Oziers and there picke and cull theâ— out at your pleasure putting aside all such as are spotted corrupted or verie small and reseruing onely those which are grosse and great fashioned like an egge full fast hauing a long and slender stone a close pulpe or flesh and in good quantitie This done they must be clouen in foure places or without anie such cleauing be put whole into an earthen pot and salt Brine or Veriuice powred vpon them or else Honey with Vineger and Salt or Oyle with Salt beaten small or else with Wine new from the Presse or such other liquor as hath beene alreadie spoken 〈◊〉 Some put in the bottome of the earthen pot vnder the Oliues or into their 〈◊〉 the leaues or ribbes of Penyryall Minâ—s Annise Masticke tree Oyle tree 〈◊〉 Rue Parsley Fennell and Bay tree leaues and the seeds of Fennell 〈◊〉 and Rue Finally you must keepe the vessell well stopped and put it in some Câ—llar to keepe but he that would keepe
in some place by itselfe because it is subject vnto fleas or lice and other 〈◊〉 vermine which causeth the small â—oot that should hold vp the head to fall dowâ—â— others doe put ten or twelue of them in little faggots together and so hang 〈◊〉 standing one a prettie deale from the other in the shade or wind and not in the 〈◊〉 or in any moist place Some drie them in the South Sunne turning them twice or thrice and after hanging them by paires in order vpon poles The Tasell is to be commended in this point for that in the middest of the head thereof after it is well dried there is found a little Worme which being hung about the necke or applied vnto the wrests doth heale the feauer quartaine it assuageth likewise the great ach of impostumes which grow about the nailes being applied â—â—hereunto CHAP. LVIII Of Saffron AS for Saffron the best Farmers and such as are most cunning in the ordering of plants doe make verie much and highly esteeme of that which is called Bastard Saffron and of the common people tearmed Parrot-seed being the same that old writers call Carthamus the plant is of no vse the 〈◊〉 excepted which purgeth flegmaticke humours or else feeds Parrots which are daintie and fine mouthed This plant when it is growne vp being well husbanded 〈◊〉 ordered beareth certaine little thicke heads like the heads of Garleeke and in 〈◊〉 middest of it a flower which one would say were Saffron This good it doth 〈◊〉 that it enricheth and maketh fat the ground where it groweth likewise it â—â—â—ueth no great food or maintenance neither leaueth it any root in the earth after it 〈◊〉 gathered that may put forth or take any acknowledgement of or doe any harme â—â—to the soile wherein it grew There is euerie way as much profit in tilling of this â—earbe as there is in Anise or Fennell when all is said a good Farmer will make profit of euerie thing and there is not as we say so much as the Garleeke and Oniâ—on which he will not raise gaine of by selling them at faires most fitting for their â—â—me and season and so helpe himselfe thereof and fill his purse with money The ordinarie Saffron seruing for sauces painting and making of colours is a â—â—hing of toyle and of profit as may be learned and easily vnderstood by the inhabiâ—â—nts of Tourain Prouence and Portugal where the same growes exceeding aboundantly It is planted like cammomile in the Spring vpon heads foure fingers off one from another but it must be in a free and well battilled ground not verie far nor verie leane but open to the Sunne it must be well troden downe with the feet when it shall let fall his flower but when it buddeth and putteth forth it must be left â—lone to natures worke At the time of the gathering of it you must haue linnen â—loaths to draw it out of his bell euening and morning and after drie it well in the â—hadow of the Sunne and â—ouer it with cleane linnens make it cleane and taking away his white purge it that so it may be free from all filth and fit to be kept in a drie place well couered or in some vessell close stopt and leauing in the earth the Oniâ—â—ns or heads of the Saffron with a good quantitie of Grapes or of the drosse thereof 〈◊〉 it commeth from the presse put vnto them you shall take them vp in the moneth of March when they haue brought forth fruit three yeares and drie them in the Sun â—eeping them after in some place that is not moist that so you may plant them againe 〈◊〉 some other place and ground that is well tilled as hath already beene deliuered at â—â—arge in the fiue and thirtieth Chapter Some are of judgement that it is naught for a 〈◊〉 to vse Saffron much and that it is a speciall venime vnto the heart but howsoeâ—â—er this be true the profit of it is great and therefore commodious and requisite for 〈◊〉 Farmer which would not that his ground should be vnprofitable vnto him See â—ore about in the place aforâ—named concerning Saffron CHAP. LIX A brieâ—e and short reniew concerning Pulse I Will say nothing of the Nauâ—t nor of the two kinds of 〈◊〉 of which the great and round one is for them that dwell in Lymosin 〈◊〉 and Prouence and the long one which they call 〈◊〉 for Fraunce and other places as in like manner I will make no mention of Mustard-seed Millet Pannicke and Cummine neither yet of great wild 〈◊〉 Lupines Lentils and Fenugreeke vvhich notwithstanding are all pulse and â—eed of profit and commoditie for the houshold as hauing reserued them for the 〈◊〉 garden planted at the end of the kitchin-garden I will content my selfe in this place 〈◊〉 admonish the good Farmer that for the bringing of the ground into some kind of occupation during the time of his rest and after that it hath been imployed in bringing forth better corne it will not be amisse to sow therein either 〈◊〉 or 〈◊〉 foresâ—â—ne that the â—eed after the pulling vp of the plants be so well and thoroughly gathered and carried away as that the ground may be quite rid and 〈◊〉 of the same for otherwise in time there would be nothing to be found amongst this seed but wild Coleworts Dâ—newort and other noysome weeds and in deed pulse 〈◊〉 make as much for good husbandrie as the corne that is good for to make 〈…〉 pottage is in continuall request for the houshold in what house soeuer it be 〈◊〉 make a 〈◊〉 of making bread of Millet as is to be seene in some places of 〈◊〉 but it is not but when great necessitie driueth them to it But howsoâ—â—er 〈◊〉 be 〈◊〉 peason fiches and fetches are not of lesse request or inferiour in tast unto great 〈…〉 lupines cummine fenugreeke and lentills and for the proofe hereof I will 〈◊〉 to witnesse the people of Aruernia Lymosin Sauoy and Dauphine for the 〈◊〉 whereof not to speake further in this place of any other thing whatsoeuer that may be as it were superfluous we will referre you to learne the whole 〈◊〉 in the 〈◊〉 of tilling of seeds and pulse in arable grounds CHAP. LX. Of remedying of strange accidents that may happen vnto Hearbes THe Hearbes either sowne or planted in the gardens before spoken of 〈◊〉 not hurt onely by haile lightning thunder frosts fogges blashâ—â—â— and other harmes hapning by the courses of seasons but also they 〈◊〉 annoyed by reason of wast and destruction brought vpon them 〈◊〉 little beasts as Grashoppers Weazles Caterpillers house and field Rats 〈◊〉 Moules Pismires Flies Gnats Bats Wall-lice Fleas Greone-flies Horse 〈◊〉 Frogges Snailes Adders and such like which mischiefes you must be 〈◊〉 full to meet withall that so you may not loose your labour about your garden 〈◊〉 frustrated both of the profit and pleasure that might rise and come thereby And to speake generally of the preuenting of these
inconueniences it is good acâ—ording to the counsell of Columella to steepe the seeds for a certaine time in the juice of 〈◊〉 madame or to mingle with the said seed some â—oot or else to water them with 〈◊〉 wherein soot hath beene tempered but it is better to speake of these things pâ—â—ticularly Generally against all such beasts as doe hurt gardens it is good to 〈…〉 place of the Garden as where you thinke these beasts doe most abound and keepe the paunch of a Sheepe full of dung as it commeth out of the Sheepes belly and to couer it with a little earth and within two daies you shall find all these beasts gathered together into this place before you haue done thus twice or thrice you shall be prouided of the meanes to kill and root out all these 〈◊〉 know then in a word what be the necessarie remedies for the auoiding of such accidents Against Haile ancient men were wont to set the whole compasse of their ground about with white wild Vine or else to fasten vnto the top of a high post an Owle hauing her wings spread The Lightnings and Thundring will doe no harme if there be buried in the midst of the Garden a kind of Toad called a Hedge-toad closed vp in a pot of earth Others doe hang in the midst of the Garden or at the soure corners thereof the seathers of an Eagle or the skinne of a Seale Others plant manie Bay-trees round about the Garden It is true that to breake or dissolue the Thunder accompanied with a great thicke cloud threatening haile there is nothing better than to ring the belles as is vsed to be done in hot Countries and to send forth the roaring sounds of the Canons as is wont to be done at Sea or else to set on fire some heapes of Weeds or stinking and rotten Seeds There is nothing more hurtfull or dangerous for hearbes than Frost which commeth when Snow and Ice are thawing And for to preserue your hearbes from this inconuenience of cold you must spread all ouer the ground great store of straw and ashes withall about that for by this meanes the heat of the earth will be preserued and the frost hindred that it cannot enter If you conceiue that your hearbs are like to be hurt by mists or fogs you must get together in diuers places of your gardens diuers heapes of tender twigs and straw or of weeds and shrubs pulled vp in the same place and after to set them on fire for the smoake thereof doth correct and cleare the duskish and cloudie ayre Against blasting which is a corruption happening to hearbes and trees by some euill constellation there is nothing better than to burne with the dung the right horne of an oxe in such sort as that there may on euerie side be caused a verie great smoake for this smoake will driue away and resolue the euill qualitie of the ayre which is the carrier of this maligne influence or else it will be good to plant in diâ—erâ— places of the gardens diuers Bay-tree-boughes for the blasting will fall all vpon them To preserue seeds from being eaten of birds you must sâ—atter round about your gardens wheat or barly sod in wine mingled with hellebor or else water and sâ—eepe the seed in the decoction of â—ray fishes boyled in fresh water assuring your selfe that looke what groweth of such seeds will be free from all danger of these fowles or else water your seed with water and the lâ—â—s of wine or else â—caâ—er throughout the gardens some boyled leekes for so soone as they shall haue swallowed thew they wil be easily taken vp with your hand Some put ten cray fishes in a vessell full of vvater which they couer and set out in the Sunne for the space of ten daies afterward they 〈◊〉 the seeds they would sow with this water twice once before they be sowne and the other eight daies after that they are sowne By this meanes the seeds will not onely be kept safe from birds but also from all other manner of beasts To take away all harme which may come by little beasts it will be good to drie vpon the skinne of a Tortoise all such seeds as you intend to sow in your Gardens or else to plant in diuers places of your Gardens some Mints especially amongst your Coleworts or else to sow amongst your pot-hearbs some Cich-pease or Rocket or to fill the ground of your Kitchin Garden with Goose-dung tempered with salt â—rine or else to sow the seeds in the first quarter of the Moone New Oyle lees or the foot of the Chimney sowne all about in your Gardens is good against Snailes To keepe away Caterpillers you must water your hearbes with water wherein haue beene steeped the ashes of the young shoots of Vines or perfume your hearbes and trees with quicke brimstone Some steepâ— the seeds in the 〈◊〉 of fig tree 〈◊〉 and to kill the caterpillers doe cast vpon them the ashes themselues others like it better to plant a great onion called Squilla or else to burne â—oad-stooles that grow out of the nut-tree or else some great store of garleeke without any head to the 〈◊〉 that by the strong smell which shâ—ll 〈◊〉 thereof they may die Columella maketh mention of a certaine and approued remedie in this 〈◊〉 Caterpillers which is that when they will not be driuen away by other meaâ—â— to 〈◊〉 a woman baâ—e footed hauing her termes her bosome open and 〈◊〉 about her eares to walke three times about the quarters and alleys of the hedges or 〈◊〉 of the garden This done you shall see the Caterpillers fall vpon the earth from the hearbs and trees bearing fruit neither more nor lesle than and if by shaking you beat 〈◊〉 the raine or water from a tree but in the meane time there must be care bad that this be not done at 〈◊〉 rise because that then euerie thing in the garden would 〈◊〉 and pine away If you water the fleas or lice with strong vinegar mingled with the juice of â—enbane wherein the water of hemlocke shall haue boyled or with water 〈◊〉 Nigella hath bin steeped or with the decoction of mustard-sâ—eed they wil die shortly Gnats will be killed if you lay 〈◊〉 in sleepe and sprinkle the water about the garden or if you make a perfâ—me of Galbanâ—m or of Brimstone or of 〈◊〉 or of ox-dung If you would 〈◊〉 away flies make a perfume of Colo 〈◊〉 or water the place with water wherein it hath steeped To gather together all the Paâ—mar-wormes and other like beasts into one place to the end you may kill them you must spread in the place especially where they 〈◊〉 bound the gâ—ts and 〈◊〉 of some sheepe newly killed the same made 〈◊〉 cleane but still full of filth and dung then two daies after you shall find them all come together vnto the entrailes For to kill Weazles you
place it thruieth not It must be sowne of the stones and some plant it of shoots in Februarie and in March It is grafted in the end of March and Aprill vpon it selfe vpon the Thorne or Quince-tree and vpon the Peare-maine-tree in the barke or stocke It must be often digged and watered and let him that can conueniently lay dung vnto the foot of it mingled with ashes and that in verie deepe pits Ceruises are gathered in Autumne before they be ripe they are gathered by handfuls tyed together or else they are orderly laid vpon straw to ripen them for otherwise they are not fit to be eaten because of the harshnesse The wood of the Ceruise-tree is verie solide close and hard and therefore in great request to make Tables of and other house implements as also to make goads and whips for Neat-heards There is wine made of Ceruises as there is of Peares Ceruises haue force to restraine fluxes of the bellie and for this cause they may be dried in the Sunne before they be ripe and afterward vsed He who hath sometimes beene subiect vnto the biting of a mad dogge or otherwise must not sleepe or rest vnder the shadow of the Ceruise-tree for if hee doe it will hazard him to cast him into his former madnesse againe Such is the force of the Ceruise-tree to raise vp renew and reuiue a qualified and appeased madnesse CHAP. XLI Of the Corneile-tree AS for the Corneile-tree which the Latines call Corâ—us so called because his stocke is of such knottie and solide wood as that it seemeth to be horne as well the male as the female delighteth to be planted in a fat and sandie ground and as for other things it would be planted or grafâ—ed after the manner of the Ceruise-tree In anie case it must not be planted neere vnto where Bee-hiues stand neither suffered to grow there of it selfe because that the Bees hauing once tasted of the flowers thereof fall into a flux of the bellie and die thereupon presently but the contrarie falleth out in men who by hauing eaten of the Corneile-tree berries or of the conserue made of the flowers or fruit thereof doe fall suddenly into a costiâ—enesse The fruit of this tree is long and â—ound fashioned like an Oliue and is not ripe before Autumne and then it becomâ—eth of a red colour or the colour of Waxe This fruit containeth in the pulpe of 〈◊〉 a stonie bone Some make of the pulpe or flesh a confection like vnto 〈◊〉 with Sugar and it is verie singular in bloudie fluxes and the staying of womens termes CHAP. XLII Of the Iuiube-tree THe Iuiube-tree is a tree that is verie rare and seldome seene in France but much in the countrey of Prouence especially about Duponâ— S. Eâ—prit and in Languedoc This is a tree of great reach and compasse botâ— for his height and breadth and naturally it loueth to be in hot Coâ—â—tries not so much seeming to regard the soyle wherein it is set likewise in manie plâ—ces of the said Countrey it is seene in turning waies and publike places But and if you would haue it to grow in cold Countries you must not so lightly regard it ◠〈◊〉 you must see that it be seated in a good fat ground and manured with Pigeonâ— dung and ioyning to the side of some wall whereby it may haue the reflex of the South Sunne of which you must looke to giue it the full fruition before all other things Sometimes it groweth of kernels three or foure of them being put into the earth together and their sharpe ends downeward the holes must be a foot deepe and heaped full of Cowes dung mingled with ashes of Vine branches and that in Aprill iâ— hot Countries and in May in such as are cold And when it is once growne vp and become somewhat strong which will be about the terme of eighteene moneths or two yeares after then you shall remoue it into some other place with such obserâ—â—tions as haue beene deliuered concerning others and concerning the Countrey 〈◊〉 it shall fall out hot or cold Some likewise plant it of the root when it riseth vp into shoots which haue small threddie and hairie roots loosing and pulling them vp gently together with some of the principall roots of the tree for feare of parting them and their threddie roots planting them in pits prepared some fifteene daies before in a light ground and that in March As concerning their â—iences to maâ—â— them grow it is not so certaine a thing as that it deserueth the troubling of ones head about it but for grafting of it in the cleft either vpon it selfe or vpon the Medlar-tree or vpon the Quince-tree you may if you will but grafted vpon it selfe the Iuiubes will be more grosse and thicke and of a more pleasant tast as generally all manner of fruit is being grafted vpon a tree of his owne kind Some will say that it reioyceth during the time of Winter to bee compassed about with a heape of stones and when Summer commeâ—h to haue them taken away and that it craueth likewise to haue Oxe dung layd vnto the roots of it but in those Coâ—â—tries where there are such great store of Plants this piece of seruice is altogether neglected which notwithstanding is the means to cause great store of faire 〈◊〉 good fruit CHAP. XLIII Of the Bay-tree AS for the Bay-tree it is verie common seeing it groweth in 〈◊〉 ground 〈◊〉 ouerthwart the Conie-burrowes and heapes of stones It groweth 〈◊〉 times from vnder the foundation of walls It is likewise to be a Counâ—â—iman in euerie coast and quarter but yet his naturall incliâ—ation and birth-right is to be in hot Countries or at the least temperate And therefore being inticed ouer into cold Countries it must be much made of and well welcomed wheâ— it commeth there for indeed it must be planted in a fat solide and good soyle of earth neere vnto some wall where hee may haue the South Sunne to comfort hiâ— with a double comfort and at the approach of Winter it must be maâ—â—red ouer-cast and couered with long straw in the strength of the Winter or else well cased and wrapped about with Mats It must also be under-digged for the first foure or fiue yeares after his comming and bearing and that in March and Aprill And yet if notwithstanding all this paine and industrie taken it shall happen to be extreamely and rigorously entreated of the frost and that the leaâ—es shall begin to wither away and the wood to wax blacke then you must adde more store of earth vnto it at the foot and strengthen it there in the moneth of March if that the cold put forth and begin to be dealing the same yeare for the dung will haue kept the roots and clasping gripes in force and whole vntouched and so it will not fayle to put forth with speed new shoots and sprigges in aboundance which will be fit to multiplie and
propagate the Winter following in the said â—oneth of March at which time the sappe draweth vp vnto the barke if so be that you desire to haue great store It taketh also of a branch foreseene that it be set in a fat and blacke earth which is moist The time to set it of root plant or branch is either in Autumne or in the Spring It is sowne in the same seasons a foot vnder ground and foure berries together and when one yeare is past you must plant it where you will haue it abide In anie case you may not sow it or plant it neere vnto anie of the Lattice-worke or climbing and running frames made for the Vine much lesse neere vnto the plant it selfe because that the Bay-tree is altogether enemie vnto the Vine as well in respect of his shadow as of his heat which draweth away all meanes of growth from the Vine Looke in the second Booke The leaues of the Bay-tree doe preserue keepe vncorrupt and make faster the Fish that is fryed especially that which is fryed in oyle laying them by beds one vpon another They performe in like manner the same good vnto dried Figges Damaske or Frayle Raisins if you strew of them amongst the said Raisins in the Frayle You must obserue as well in the leaues of the Bay-tree as in those of the Iuniper and Elme-tree that they being cast into the fire doe presently crackle and that the cause of this is for that they take fire before their superfluous and raw moisture be consumed and spent The leaues of the Bay-tree dried and rubbed one against another if there be put betwixt them a little powder of Brimstone doe cast out sparkles of fire as doth the steele and the stone in like manner doe Iuie leaâ—es The boughs of Bay-tree stucke downe in arable ground doe keepe the Corne from mildew and blasting Some arâ— of opinion that tempests and lightning will turne away from those houses and places where there are hanging anie Bay-tree boughs wherher it be at the chamber floores or else at the doores or windowes The tender crops of the Bay-tree boyled with flowers of Lauander in wine doe heale hardnesse of hearing and noyses in the eares if the vapour be taken thereat with a funnell The Vuula being fallen is againe restored to his place if you lay the â—ayes of the Laurell-tree verie hot vnto the top of the crowne of the head with equall weight of Cummin Hyssope Organie and Euforbium mixt together with honey The bayes of Laurell powned with Wheat-bran Iuniper-berries and Garâ—icke heated in a hot frying-panne sprinkled with wine and laid to the flankes doe prouoke the retained vrine If women with child and neere their accompts doe eat euerie night going to bed seuen Laurell bayes or Bay-berries they shall haue a more easie traâ—aile and deliuerie CHAP. XLIIII What space must be left betwixt Fruit-trees when they are remoued THat you may fitly appoint the standings of trees and their distances one from another in respect of the trees themselues compared one with another you must first consider the height fulnesse of the leaues and boughes and spreading of the same according as euerie sort of tree doth ordinarily grow and attaine vnto and besides the ordinarie how by place affoording aboundance of nourishment the tree may exceed and surpasse it selfe in height and breadth for that fruit-trees would not be encombred aboue head or ouer his top but would haue the breathing and blowing of certaine winds at libertie and with sufficient space fauourably to light vpon them and withall the fruition and benefit of the Sunne in all which points the vnequall proportion of one tree vnto another in height or breadth doth offer let and hinderance And yet further if they would haue their waggings and plyings to and fro to be free that so they may play 〈◊〉 libertie when the wind tosseth them how greatly should the exceeding greatnesse of the neighbour trees disturbe and trouble one another if care and aduise be not takeâ— in the first planting of them And therefore you must haue regard and cast an eye about you for this cause that so you may well and profitably appoint out your distances and spaces betwixt one and another for in good and fat grounds where trees may grow much you must allow more space than elsewhere And further you must note that one tree planted well at libertie whatsoeuer the place be of it selfe doth fructifie and beare a great deale more If you mind to plant thicke and grosse trees all on a row and vpon high waies and against the hedges of fields then you must leaue them some fiue and thiâ—â—e foot distant one from another but and if you intend to plant manie rowes in one and the same place then you must be sure to leaue fiue and fortie foot space betwixt euerie two and as much betwixt one ranke and another that so the boughes of each tree may the more freely spread themselues every way vpon their emptie and vacant sides As for Peare-trees Apple-trees and others of that bignesse if you plant onely one row by the sides of your field-hedges or elsewhere it will be ynough to allow twentie feet betwixt one and another but and if you set two rowes vpon the hedge of your Garden allies then you must allow them some fiue and twentie feet betwixt one and another euerie way square in such sort as that as well the alley as the spacâ— betwixt euerie two trees on either side may make a perfect square of fiue and twentie feet in euerie line and if the distance allowed them be of lesse quantitie then it must be somewhat answered and helped by not planting of them euerie one right ouer one against another but as if you should wrap and lay them vp one within another to let the full and planted place of the one side stand ouer-against the void and emptie of the other Some would that there should some small trees bâ— planted amongst those great trees which you thus set about the alleyes for the times whiles they are in growth but this would not doe well if either they should be suffered to continue there alwaies because it would breake the rule and precept deliuered before couching such course neither yet if they should be taken vp afterwards and the reason thereof is because they draw away and eat vp the iuice and nourishment of the earth vvhich should wholly bee imployed in growing and furthering of those which are intended for the inclosing and defending of the alleyes If you should goe about to plant a whole Field or quarter of your Garden with great fruit-trees such as before named you must then set them checkerwise and allow them betwixt twentie and thirtie foot of distance the one from the other euerie way that is to say from tree to tree and from row to row Plum-trees and other trees bearing stone-fruit and being of the like size of bignesâ—e will not
admit vnder foureteene or fiâ—teene feet distance one from another in euerie row but and if you will onely plant two rowes vpon the sides of your garden alleyes then they need not aboue six foot distance square but you must looke that this proportion or whatsoeuer other that you sâ—t downe to your selfe doe â—ustly answere the proportion of the length of the place intended to be planted Sweet Cherriâ—-trees and bitter Cherrie-trees doe looke to haue allowance of distance betwixt tenne and twelue foot but and if they be to be planted vpon the sides of the great alley of your garden then it will suffice to allow them betwixt nine and tenne The lesser trees as Cherrie-trees Quince-trees Figge-trees Hasel Nut-trees and such like are sufficiently allowed if they be set distant betwixt eight and nine foot in your greene Grasse-plot or Orchard and betwixt fiue and six in Alleyes and Garden rowes When you would plant two rowes eiâ—her of them of seuerall kinds of trees then set the lesser on that side that the Sunne falleth first vpon that so the shadow of the greater may not disaduantage them CHAP. XLV Other precepts about the planting of Fruit-trees IF you plant Peare-trees and Plum-trees one with another it will be better to set the Plum-trees towards the Sunne for Peare-trees doe better endure the want and with holding of the same When you shall take vp a tree to plant it elsewhere take a great circle â—ound about the foot and rayse together with the root as much of the earth cleauing â—hereunto as you can for besides that thus the roots doe not loose their bed they find themselues otherwise also infinitely better contented when they carrie with them the earth alreadâ—e reclaimed and familiar vnto them than and if they should be constraiâ—ed in their new lodging to stoupe and conforme themselues to the earth which they â—hould there find For as for watering of the roots in pulling of them vp to the rayâ—ing vp of the more earth therewithall it is as good as nothing but rather doth much â—urt because that this wet earth being within the new hole becommeth stiffe and â—ard which cannot but greatly offend the roots of the tree remoued for the verie â—emoue doth astonish and blur them so as that it maketh the points of their roots as 〈◊〉 were blunt and to haue their mouths stopt so as that they can neither draw vnto â—hem or else goe forward themselues so that if they find not the earth of their new â—odging so light and crumly as that they may pierce it without straining of themâ—elues and conâ—ey themselues anie way either the tree continueth long without taâ—ing or else it dieth right out For the auoiding of which discommoditie you must â—ot either wet the new hole neither yet the tree in remouing of it nor so much as reâ—oue it in a drisâ—ing time and it is ynough that the hole hath continued open before â—or the space of fifteene or twentie daies and hath drunke in of the dew and wet of â—he night Of one thing you must take good heed that you giue it his iust quarters â—f North South East and West as it had before and that if you take it vp from a â—laine ground that then you bestow it in a plaine ground againe and if you remoue 〈◊〉 from a hillie place into the like or otherwise into a plaine then you must look that â—he seat wherein you set it in be desended in like manner from the winds both below â—nd on high as it was in his first You must not plant the treeâ— that haue beene browsed by cattell or haue had their 〈◊〉 broken off for they grow not so well except you thinke it good to cut off the end of their tops and head to see if that thereupon they will take and grow againe You may plant trees also without roots if they haue great piths as the Figge-tree â—ame Mulberrie-tree Hasel-trees and other such like And as for the Pits wherein you meane to plane trees you must make them six foot deepe in clayie places but not so much in moist places you must likewise make them roomethie and wide ynough for though the tree that you shall plant should haue but small roots yet you must make it wide that so there may store of good eâ—rth be cast in round about the root And if the bottome of the earth where you make the pits be too soâ—t then helpe it by putting to it some drie earth or else stay till it hardeâ— and breath out his moisture On the contrarie if it be too drie or hard and hoâ—â—ie dung it and moisten it with water letting it drinke in of the same well and sufficieâ—â—ly not that you should make it like a poole but sprinkled or bedewed with water therewith to coole it Againe it is meet that if your tree be old gathered that they be watered and steeped at the foot two or three daies If any of the roots of your trees proue too long or to haue their barke hurt then you must cut them off byas and 〈◊〉 the side that is most vnfurnisht be vnder when the tree shal be planted for there will small roots come forth round about the cut It is a generall rule that before the remouing of anie manner of tree whatsoeuer and especially if it be a tree growne vp of kernels if it be growne thicke for to 〈◊〉 off the branches of it first and to leaue nothing on it except such sprigs as are not aboue a fingers length or somewhat more or lesse according as the tree doth require and this is it which some vtter in a prouerbe That he that will plant his father must cut off his head but as for small trees which haue but some one small wand or roâ— put out of them there is no need that such should be cut vp on high when they be remoued The stocks of the Nurserie which you intend to graft must be verie well 〈◊〉 forth into branches before they be remoued as we haue said before And when you shall set downe your trees in their pits you must free their roots from being intangled one with another as much as you can and make them all 〈◊〉 draw downeward not suffering anie one of them to turne their ends vpward and 〈◊〉 is not needfull that they should be set so deepe into the earth for it is ynough that the roots be laid in so deepe as that the earth may couer them halfe a foot or thereabaâ—â— if the place be not verie scorching and stonie and you must not fill vp your pit 〈◊〉 leaue a hollow round about the tree with some open passage or conduit that so the raine water staying there may be conueyed vnto the roots of the tree When your trees shall be spread in the pits and the roots thereof orderly layd 〈◊〉 large weigh downe vpon them easily with your
fast vnto the foot of the same tree some dead dogge or other carrion for to reioyce it withall and some one or other scuttle full of good and small dung to lay about the foot of it or on the contrarie lee ashes if so bâ— that the ground be found too fat and full of wormes The age of the tree will make it to grow full of mosse and if it be young then toâ— much moisture will make it mossie as also too much drinesâ—e This disease feedeth vpon a tree and maketh it leane as the scab doth the beast and we must not thinke thâ—â— this can happen by reason of the mosâ—e that is put about and aboue the wreath of the grafts The remedie for this is to lay it open at the roots as hath beene said heretofore as also to make it cleane in Winter with a knife of wood or of bone for feare that the mosse continuing in peace winne the countrey and in fine deuoure the whole tree He that will haue faire young trees must digge about them euerie moneth and 〈◊〉 off vnprofitable and noysome parts euerie of those times after March and October and so long as vntill they be growne great but when they are become great they must not be digged ofter than thrice a yeare In Winter whether they be great or small the earth must be taken from their feet that so it may be mingled with dung and put into the pit againe to the continuall retaining of necessarie moistured and comfortable influence of the heauens as wee haue said before And in Summer and when it is extreame hot there must be kept and gathered a heape of coole earth about the foot of the said tree to helpe it to auoid the heat and drought of the laid season It is best to disbranch and prune trees when the sappe beginneth to rise vp into them and when they thereupon begin to but and blossome in signe of approaching Summer and this time most commonly falleth out about March and Aprill And in this businesse you must see that you cut the superfluous boughes off dose by the stocke and the sappe thereupon will by and by runne out at the same cut which thing cannot so happily succeed with them which cut trees in Winter And to pâ—â—uent that the thicknesse of the weightie and great branches may not rend the 〈◊〉 from the tree in falling cut it first halfe a foot from the earth and after goef forward to saw off the residue verie close vnto the tree and lastly cast the sawed dust vpon the cut If you disbranch and prune your trees in Winter leaue the stumpes sufficient long to cut them afterward againe in March and Aprill but and if you meane to lop and disbranch your great and old trees to the end they may grow young againe wheâ— you perceiue them to loose their lustie colour and to begin to looke yellow then yoâ— must doe it shortly after the first of Nouember as after that their leaues are fallen and before their sappe put vp againe and in cutting or sawing of these boughs 〈◊〉 their stumps with the stocke that so you may graâ—t vpon them new siences some longer some shorter as the tree requireth being 〈◊〉 in all your worke to take away the most offending branches that â—o the remainder may receiue the more hâ—mour and substance It the tree through age or otherwise become barren contrarie to his wonted custome you must not cut off all his boughes but those onely that are dead Likewise you must vncouer his roots after the beginning of Nouember is past and cleaue the thickest of them and put in the clefts some shiuers of hard stone and there leaue them to the end the juice of the earth may enter in that way afterward at the end of Winter you shall couer their roots againe with good earth When the grafts of three or foure yeare old are broken broused or hurt of cattell or when as you see that at such age they increase not neither grow greater then you must cut them againe and graft them more low or more high than they were And after you haue thus cut it you may take the vnthriuing grafts cut off and graft them againe or some part of them in this new head but somewhat deeper than it was before in the former and let it also be well and close made vp euen from the first setting of it into the stocke and when you haue thus grafted the stocke this second time you must still leaue remaining and not pull away the siences which put forth of the plants so grafted vntill you see whether the graftes doe put forth new wood or no for peraduenture you might kill the plant which yet being reserued and kept aliue you may graft againe the third time if the second should die or miscarrie After the graftes haue put forth new wood of some two or three foot length if they agâ—ine put forth siences more than need and those about the parts which you desire to cherish and to bring to large growth then cut away those superfluous siences and that verie close euen in the yeare that the grafts were grafted but let it be at such time as the sap is in the wood likewise it will not be amisse to cut off some of the principall members of the shoots and grafts of the first yeare if there be too much put forth and to ingraft them in some other place and about foure or fiue yeares after that they haue beene grafted and therewithall the grafts well and close growne to the plants yet once againe goe ouer your former worke and take away after the same manner whatsoeuer you perceiue of ydle remainder for it is ynough for one tree to haue one good member for to make his stock or bodie of and especially those which haue beene grafted small vpon a graft and thus it proueth a fâ—â—rer and better tree in the end But and if the tree were grafted after it had beene growne great and that with many grafts you may well afford it larger allowance according as you shal find requisit and needfull for the better couering againe of the clefts and cuts made in the plant When your trees shall begin to grow you must gouerne and guide them well for three or foure yeares or more namely vntill they be come to a good shape and fashion cutting their top on high and their small branches of superfluous wood so long as till they come to the height of a man and more if well it may be done and dresse them well and set them in good order in their principall parts and members and that in such manner as that one branch stand not too neere vnto another neither yet that they may take hold one of another when they shall grow great and some also must be cut away if that thâ— tree should be too thicke of boughes within that so the Sunne
for the most easie and plentifull maner of drawing of oyle for if you put in more the longnesse of time will become teadious and if youâ— put in lesse you shall hardly draw ten drops of oyle And yet in this point Ladie experience must be more than quarter maâ—ster in as much as there is some matter which yeeldeth not any oyle except it be put in a great quantitie such as is Anise-seed and others as vve vvill declare hereafter more particularly Againe you must obserue and marke this one poynt that hearbes require a farre larger vessell and quantitie of vvater than seeds and spices when their oyle is to be extracted because that weight for weight they take more roome than the seeds and spices doe for hearbes lye not so close and round together and therefore they require also in proportion a greater quantitie of vvater for feare that they should become parched and dried away within the copper vessell After that you haue put the vvater and matter together into the vessell of copper let them infuse fiue or sixe houres more or lesse according to the nature and substance of the matter or without infusing of them at this time forasmuch as their boiling within the bellie of the vessell vvill serue in steed of an infusion vnto the matter couer the vessell and fit the head vnto it lute them verie well stogether with whites of egges and meale kneaded together and spread vpon a cloth in the place of their joyning and articulation This done set your earthen vessell in the furnace vpon the two yron barres and make it fast to the furnace with potters-clay or cement well beaten and wrought about the edges and brims after set the vessell of copper well stopt into the earthen one and yet in such sort as that the bottome of the one stand from the other â—ome two or three fingers and this void space must be filled vp with pure and cleare sand euen so high as there is any space and distance betwixt vessell and vessell yea and further if one be so disposed euen to the necke of the copper vessell prouided that the nose of the head by which the oyle descendeth doe stand either to the right hand or to the left of the furnace and yet this one thing commeth heere to be marked that in distilling of aromaticall seeds onely there is vse and need of the said sand betwixt the said two vessells and not in distilling of hearbes for seeds and spices are of a more subtile and delicate substance as their great heat do testifie and the matter they yeeld is more delicate also and firme For which causes it might fall out that the force of the fire might somewhat trouble their distillation that is to say might cause their distillation to come forth a little troubled and that euen in the verie beginning if the fire be not moderately kept and brideled by the sand put in the void place betwixt the said two vessels but in the distilling of herbes you must siâ— the vessell of copper and the furnace together without the earthen vessell and the sand in the emptie space for as much as the hearbes in respect of their solidenesse and harder substance doe craue a greater force of fire vvhereof you may gather that no oyles can be extracted by distillation in Maries-bath that is to say in setting of boyling vvater about the copper vessell in a caldron â—or so the distillation would be longer than it were meet it should and yet neuer a whit the more commendable for Maries-bath that is to say boyling water doth not affâ—rd a well proportioned and sufficient tempered heat but is long in doing and the oyle doâ—h still draw vnto it some corruption if the vvorke be too long in doing especially if the matter be not moist of it selfe for thereupon and by that meanes can the oyle hardly rise so high as that it may find the way into the vessell that should receiue it and because also that it wanteth force and might in as much as the boyling water cannot lift it vp so high of it selfe alone as the cleare fire â—arthen vessell and sand all vvorking together The copper vessell being thus fitted in the furnace make fast vnto the nose or pipe thereof the receiuing vessell rested vpon some pâ—ettie â—toole in such sort as you see aboue in the figure stop and close vp the joynt of the said pipe and receiuing vessell vvith paste and bole armoniacke or the white of an egge and flowre spread vpon a cloth Then kindle your coales that you haue layed vpon the graâ—e and make a soft and gentle fire for the beginning to the end that the matter may grow hoâ— by little and little and that so long as till the matter within the copper and the fountaine water doe boyle but yet so gently as that it boyle not vp to sticke and hit against the head with the vvalmes thereof as vve see it sometimes to happen in some seedes as anise seeds vvhich by reason of their thin substance as also of their viscositie do cast vp their vvalmes and billowes with great might and force and in such case the fire must be rebated or and if that yet the rebating of the fire cannot stay the fâ—rie of the billowes or boyling then you must take off the head and with a staffe stirre about the matter for so the scum will vanish away in vapours and after that it may be gouerned stayed and dried vp by a reasonable fire putting the head vpon it againe afterward and luting it as before Feed and continue the fire in an equall degree vntill you peâ—ceiue by feeling that the head of the Still is growne hot then or sooner if you please you may fill the little tub at the top which standeth round about the head vvith cold vvater for it cooling the head will make thicke and fixe the vapours and spirites of the oyle vvhich are verie subtile and hot and turne them into oyle vvhen this cold water thus powred in shall become hot it must by and by be let out at the top of the cooler and fresh put into his place It is true that some doe not allow of cooling the head with cold vvater because the vapours by this cooling of the head doe congeale too soone as being before that they come into the pipe and thereupon fall backe againe into the vessell from vvhence they breathing the second time and congealed and falling backe againe as before doe in fine by these manifold risings and fallings spend and vvaste vnto nothing or at â—he least by continuall boyling it falleth out that but a few vapours doe come into the vessell of receit and againe those same vapours so congealed doe not easily and presently come foâ—th and so there is lesse oyle gathered of the matter than would be and that which is drawne is somewhat tainted with burning And therefore in steed of this cooling of the head for
by how much the more seed you sow by so much the more thicke will the grasse grow neither will there grow any other grasse there and so there will also the more profit grow and rise thereupon to the good house-holder So soone as it is sowne you must harrow it euerie manner of way as long-waies broad-waies and ouer-thwart with harroweâ— or rakes of wood set thicke with teeth but not of yron because it is an vtter enemie to yron afterward you must water it gently for the first time for and if you should water it forcibly and with aboundant store of water you should driue the seed all to one side of the field and yet you must not water it after September vnto the end of Aprill It will be good to cut it downe with a 〈◊〉 fiue or sixe times the first yeare and so proportionably the yeares following for it endureth ten yeares yea thirty as Pliny sayeth without standing in neede of being sowne againe The fit time to cut it downe is May Iune Iuly and August and the new of the Moone in the meane time you shall not let it lye vpon heapes any longer than a day in the meadowes for if it should stay there any long time it would raise such a hear as that it vvould smother and kill whatsoeuer were vnder it to the keeping of it for euer growing againe wherefore it will be good to carrie it elsewhere and to drie it assoone as possibly may bee stirring it euerie day from day to day Againe you must not let the cattell feede neere vnto this grasse in as much as not their tooth onely but their verie breathing on it also is very noysome vnto it and that so greatly as that it afterward becommeth either barren or else dieth presently it must not bee giuen greene for cattell to eate least it make them sicke by reason of the moisture and heat that is therein it must stay till it be drie before you giue it them to eate and then also but in small quantitie for that this grasse begetteth in them such store of bloâ—d as that of the much eating thereof they would be strangled therewith The good husbandman must be carefull to gather and reserue seed of this snaile clauer to sow the same vvhen it shall bee requisite it must not bee gathered the first yeare that it beareth by reason of his weakenesse but in all the other following and that in the moneths of Iune and Iuly so soone as the huskes wherein the seede is contained shall appeare drie and the seeds themselues be turned yellow Mixt prouander MIxt prouander must be sowne in fat and well manured places and such as haue beene twice eared it will be verie good if it be sowne with pilde barley sometimes it consisteth of barley oats fetches and fenugreeke vvhich are let grow hand ouer head and are cut afterward either greene or ripe to make fodder of for cattell in Winter Rice IF you will sow rice you may doe it but it is like to proue rather a worke of curiositie than of profit for rice is a commoditie properly belonging and growing amongst the Indians from whence also it is brought hither vnto vs in France Therefore for the sowing of rice either white or red chuse out some place that is verie moist and in case you haue no such amongst your arable ground then chuse out some field that is leane foule and nothing well clensed or some other which is light and weake but yet euen and through which you may conuey some little brooke or gutter of water Eare the ground thrice where you meane to sow your rice and when you haue thus plowed it ouer thrice sow your rice therein which you must first steepe for one whole day in water so soone as you haue sowne it draw your littlebrooke along through it and there suffer it to continue fiue whole moneths the depth of two singers and when as you perceiue the blade to begin to shoot forth his eare knowing that it also flowreth and seedeth at the same instant then double the quantitie of water to keepe the fruit from blasting or spoyling otherwise If you order it thus you shall not onely reape great quantitie of rice but you may also sow it three yeres together one after another without giuing any rest at all to the ground and yet the last yeare will bee no lesse fruitfull than the former yea which is more you shall make the field more fat frolicke in better plight and cleaner from weedes and cleaner from noysome beasts than it was before yea and furthâ—r than this you may sow therein for three yeares more one kind of graine or other whâ—ther wheat or meslin whereof you shall not repent you in the time of haruest you shall find it to faire and profitable There is one inconuenience in rice which is that it causeth an ill aire by reason of the aboundance of water which it craueth for the space of fiue whole moneths but to recompence the same withall it proueth verie profitable for food and sustenance for thereof is made pottage and thereof also is bread made either with rie or milleâ— or all three together It is true that it is much giuen to make obstructions and it restraineth fluxes as mightily and this is the cause why such as haue great loosenesse in their bodies do vse it oftentimes especially if it be parched and boild in cowes milke wherein many little 〈◊〉 of the riuer haue bin quenched if you boyle it in milke adding therto sugar and 〈◊〉 it will prouoke vnto venerie Many do thinke that it maketh fat but seeing that according to the Physitians it is not digested in the stomach but verie hardly it must needs nourish but a little and then how can it possibly make one fat indeed it may be said rather to puffe vp than to make fat Hempe HEmpe must be sowne in fat and well dunged grounds and watered with some little brooke or else in flâ—t and moist countries where much labour and ploughing hath beene bestowed for the fatter the ground is the thicker will the barke or pilling be It must be sowne in March and gathered when the seed is ripe and afterward dried either in the Sunne Wind or Smoake and then laid in water for to bee watered that so the pilling may the more easily depurt from the stalkes afterward to be vsed in making of ropes and cloth a labour and trauaile well beseeming and fit for women This is the opinion of the French but not the generall opinion of the better experienced for the rich ground which is spoken of here to sow hempe in must not bee taken for the rich stiffe blacke clay or for any clay at all for although they will beare hempe yet they put forth so much bunne and so little pilling that indeed the hempe that groweth therein is good for nothing therefore the best ground to sow hempe on is the richest of all mixt earths
superfluities accidently it cooleth in such sort as that it bringeth to nothing and quite vndoeth the prouocations and acts of lust which of it selfe and by its owne nature it might otherwise maruellously prouoke And hereupon it is that Aristotle sayeth That the seed of drunkards becommeth dead and fruitlesle and their children blocke-headed groutndles Wherefore euen as wine when as by its feruent vapours it assaileth the head and â—illeth the braine prouoketh drunkennesse and foolishnesse so when the said vapours are thickâ—ed somewhat and congealed into a serous and waterish substance by the coldnesse of the head if they bee not discussed and spent by the power and force of nature the excrement which shall be thereby ingendred although that the drunken sit being passed ouer the partie come againe to the enioying of his former estate and seeme to bee well if it remaine long time in the braine and being fast setled therein grow further and gather more vnto it doth in the end stirre vp many diseases of the head as hardnesse of hearing deafenesse noyses in the eares blindnesse the falling sicknesse conuulsions palsiâ—s apoplexies and many other such like of all which it is not otherwise to be accounted the cause and originall than by way of accident as also of that sudden strangling disease which it causeth not but very seldome On the other side if this excrement gathered in the braine by the immoderate vse of wine happen to fall downe vpon the inferiour parts it will breed many distillations and catarrhes hoarsnes rheumes coughs gouts difficulty of breathing and many other symptomes very hard to be cured yea and by its vaporoushes how soberly and in how moderate quantitie soeuer it be drunke it becommeth noysome and hurtfull to such as haue a weake braine and their sinewes and ioinâ—s infirme and feeble for vnto such people it becommeth so egregious an aduersarie as that if one troubled with the gout should at the same time that this paine is vpon him tast but some few drops thereof washing his mouth onely therewithall he shall presently feele his paine increased and falling into a far greater rage Yea which is more such excrement ingendred in the head getteth there such a kind of enimitie and aduerse qualitie and that so at iarre and malitiously bent against the ioints as that it rusheth it selfe in its distillations rather vpon the ioints than vpon any other parts and so causeth gouts and ioint aches Finally this excrement being of a subtile and sharp substance falleth and penetratâ—h easily into the lungs as also corrupteth and exulcerateth them There are also other most daungerous annoyâ—nces which wine of it selfe and by its very nature causeth For in as much as it is of a hot and drie temperature if it be not drunke moderately and well delaied by the long vse thereof in hot and drie bodies it is wo ot to ouer heat and drie their noble parts to ingender great of cholericke humours which standing without remooue and motion must needs breed many maladies and diseases From hence spring out agues both continuall and intermittent inflamations of the inward parts as the liuer spleene and lungs the plurifie passion of the reines and such other inflamations of many other parts which haue not as yet any proper name assigned them Hence likewise grow all itches tetters wild fires flying fires cankers and all sorts of vlcers Those therefore that are prone and apt to fall into such inconueniencies of diseases or which are alreadie through the ill ordering of their life fallen into the same must altogether abstaine the drinking of wine or at the least drinke but a very little yea though it should be very weake and well delaied with water The old writers and amongst others Cicero in his third booke of the nature of the gods thought it good that seeing wine doth seldome profit and hurt very often that it were better not to permit it at all to be vsed of those which are sick rather than vnder a conceited hope of some doubtfull health to expose and lay them open to manifest daunger by the vse thereof Notwithstanding we dayly find that the vse of wine is very commodious and profitable for cold and moist complexions being such as are troubled with cold and moist diseases Wherefore the wise and well aduised Physitian may tollerate the vse thereof when he knoweth that there is need for the concoction of some cold diseases yea and oftentimes also in cold diseases as in such whose conioyned and next cause he findeth to be nourished and maintained by some primitiue and antecedent cause that is hot That it is not good for such as are in health to vse pure and vnmixt wine THe learned of auncient time haue alwaies permitted the moderate vse of wine being delayed with water when it should be vsed of them which were whole but haue alwaies reiected and disallowed pure and vndelayed wine as also surfetting and that in their feasts and bankets For Hesiodus commaundeth that there should be three thirds of water mixed with one fourth part of wine and this not to be vsed commonly but at some solemne feasts and bankets Athenaeus writeth that the Grecians vsed to drinke two glasses of wine delaied with fiue glasses of water or one glasse of wine delaied with three glasses of water And in very truth our ancient predecessors did put and mingle wine amongst water and not water amongst wine for they put but a very little quantitie of wine into their water as Theophrastus reporteth Which custome and vse of sobrietie must be followed and immitated by the decrees and appointment of Phisitians And as for the quantitie of wine to be drunken the poet Ebâ—lus bringeth in Dionysius speaking to that end in this sort Tres tantum pater as quibus est mens sana propinâ— Quarum quae fuerit prima salubris erit Proxima delicias factura est tertia somnnm Luxus erit positum transiliisse modum This decree and ordinance hath bin approued by them which haue forbidden by their laws that the Romane priests should not drinke any more than three glasses at a meale And as concerning age vvine is hurtfull vnto young children as also vnto them which are growne vp to greater yeares because that vvine by his very much drinesse destroyeth and ouerthroweth their hot and moist constitution vvhich Hippocrates commandeth to be maintained by things that are moist And that it is so we see that such children as vse to drinke vvine howsoeuer it be dilayed their liuer being dried and ouer-heated by the contiâ—all vse of the said vvine doe fall for the most part into a long and lasting flux of the belly and in the end into an irrecouerable hectick feuer vvhich the common people call a withering and pining away and out of which there is not one of a hundred that escapeth For this cause Galen was altogether against the giuing of children any tast of vvine as also any
in great labour as also for all such as feele a fire and extreame heat in the liuer and other inward parts for such vvines in idle and delicate persons as also all such as are of a cold temperature or are growne into old age doe not onely not become well concocted and digested but withall engender a masse of many crudities and much flatuousnesse become slowly distributed procure many obstructions offend the stomacke entrailes and matrix notwithstanding they sometimes appease the paines of the reines and become soueraigne for the weake head And thus much in generall and summarily of the nature temperature qualities and differences of French vvines For the diuersitie which is found in them by reason of seuerall Soiles Townes Villages and great or small Boroughs where they grow doth in such sort alter and change yerely through the variablenesse of the constitutions of the yeares as that it would be hard yea impossible to lay them downe in a certaine and assured description Notwithstanding the most excellent of and ouer all the rest are the French vvines of Cousâ—ye appointed and ordinarily taken for the Kings vse Then those of Seure both of them being red or claret noble strong and mightie vvines most proper and sit for such as are altogether cast downe and in whom nature is as it were wholly spent falling thereby into many faintings and swounes whether they be fallen hereinto by excessiue and insatiable vse of vvomen or through any other notable and immoderate euacuation The vvines of Vanues Argentoile and Montmatre and all other vvines which grow in grauelly or sandie grounds about Paris are the more healthfull For all these wines in as much as they are of a thinne and subtill substance without all greene or manifest harsh tast especially in hot and well tempered yeares keeping their proper and naturall temperature are easily concocted and digested and speedily and quickly distributed through the veines and vvhich yet notwithstanding doe not much pester the head and that because they are not very strong and therefore doe not heat much The vvines of Burgundie which are sent vs from Sens Auxerres Tonnerre Ioigny and Chablie are generally all of them red manie of them yea the greatest part of them are in their first moneths astringent and somewhat rough and thereby doe make more solide bind comfort and corroborate a lanke and loose stomacke and so they nothing annoy the braine by any great store of vapours or fumes carried vp from them by which reason they proue the most wholesome and conuenient of all other for such as haue the gout and are subiect to haue the distillations of the head falling vpon the inferiour parts Notwithstanding if you drinke them before they be come to their full and perfect ripenesse you shall well perceiue them somewhat the harder to be digested and to bee more slowly distributed than the French claret wines are Wherefore I would aduise men not to vse them in the beginning of the yeare but rather in the latter end if so be they be subiect to the obstructions of the liuer spleene and Mesenterium or such as liâ—e idly or yet such as are dilicately giuen and haue but little naturall heate within them as forsooth being the time wherein they abound with much harshnesse and astringencie which yet may euen then bee verie well vsed of them which are accustomed to trauell and haue a strong and good stomake Likewise if you let them ripen and loose by little and little their astringencie and harshnesse you shall find them as good and pleasant as the French wines This is the cause why good housholders do lay them in cellars reserue them diligently to the end of the first yeare or to the beginning of the second to send them inâ—o forreine countries by sea which being so transported proue better and more excellent than they did in France or whiles they lay couched vpon their cantling as men call it because the carrying and transporting of them increaseth their naturall heate as wee haue before declared and causeth it by such motion to growe more ripe and concocted Notwithstanding very many of these Burgundian wines in hot and dâ—ie yeares are in some countries found good the first yeare Amongst the Burgundian wines those of Beaune are most highly commended for they are so good as that I dare bee bold to prefer them before the wines of Orleance and Ay which are so much esteemed of in Paris because they are of a subtile substance of the colour of a partridges eie not giuen to â—ume or fill the head full of vapours and thereby lesâ—e asâ—ailing the head and hurting the braine than those of Orleance Likewise the common verse made of the wine of Beaune hath beene alwaies receiued for true and currant Vinum Belnense super omnia vina recenâ—e Such as take a very good tast of those wines doe compare and match them with the wines of the Kings yard at Coussy whose plants when they were young were otherwise brought from Greece in such sort as that the wines of Coussy and Beaune come very neere vnto the goodnesse and perfection of the Greekish wines Some also do compare the wines of Beaune to the wines that grow in the yard of the King of Nauarre which is some â—iue leagues from Vendosme called Prepaton and this name was giuen it because the plants therein were chosen and taken out of the best in all places The wine is a claret of the colour of a partridges eie of a thin substance not fuming or being vaporous of a pleasant tast and delicat to drinke if there be any wine in the world so qualified All these three sorts of wine of Coussy Beaune and Prepaton are the most excellent that are to beâ—ound in all Frâ—â—ce that because both in good and euill yeares they are found and tried to be better than any other and readier to bee drunke vpon Amongst the wines of Beaune the wine of Dijon must be reckoned and they are those which grow in the Kings vineyard at Chenoâ—e Fontaine Plombiere and Tolent True it is that before a man iudge of the goodnesse and qualities of wines he must euery yeare consider the estate and constitution of the seasons of euery yeare as also take a diligent taste of the wines thereby to giue the more assured iudgement because it falleth out somtimes the French wines sometimes the Burgongniâ— wines and other some yeares the wines of Orleance doe proue most excellent and someâ—imes the wines of Anjou proue better than all the rest Yea and as the number and to be reckoned vp amongst the rest are the wines of Ay and Isancy and dâ—e for the most part hold the first and principall place for their goodnesse and perfection wherein they excell all other wines and are in all good or euill yeares found better than any other wheâ—her they be French Bourgongnie or Anjou wines The wines of Ay are claret and yellowish subtile
shot tenne small hornes out of the stocke In Iune and Iuly they make their dung in thicke vvreaths that are verie soft and yet there are some of them that make it flat and broad vntill mid Iune And from mid Iuly vnto the end of August their dung is printed grosse long and knottie vvell hammered annoynted or gilded and these are the markes to know Harts of tenne tynes from the old ones The cariages of a Hart are said to be when a Hart passing through a thicke and twiggie vvood hitteth with his head against the boughes of trees for so it commeth to passe that if the Hart be tall and large the cariages will also be somewhat large Now the iudgement vvhich the hunts-man can gather of the carriages cannot be but from after Iuly vntill March for the other foure moneths that is to say March Aprill May and Iune the Harts cast their heads that is to say their hornes True it is that they begin to put forth new hornes by the moneth of Aprill and as the Sunne mounteth higher and grasse groweth higher also and harder so their homes grow and wax greater so that by the middest of Iune their heads will be fully see and garnished with all that which they are to beare all the yeare long prouided that they be in a good thriuing countrey and come not by any hurt or annoyance You may likewise iudge of their age by the tynes of their hornes for as for the first yeare they haue no hornes the second yeare they haue their first hornes which are called daggers the third yeare foure sixe or eight tynes the fourth yeare eight or tenne tynes the fifth yeare tenne or twelue the sixth twelue foureteene or sixteene and in the seuenth their hornes put forth the greatest number of tynes that euer they will beare for after it they put forth no moe but those grow greater which are put forth Yet notwithstanding the old Harts will alwaies be knowne by hauing the whole root of their hornes large and grosse the bodie or stock very bright and set with pearles and strait and large heads rather open than turned compasse-wise By the going of the Hart the hunts-man shal be able to iudge whether the Hart be great and long and so likewise if he will stand long in course before the dogges for the Harts which haue long paces hold out longer in coursing than those which haue short paces and they are also quicker swifter and longer breathed It is knowne if the Hart be tall and long-legged and likewise of what bulke or bignesse his bodie is by marking where he entreth into the thicke amongst brakes and small wood which he shall haue let passe betwixt his legges for looke at what height he hath beaten them downe with his belly so high must you iudge him to be on his legges The grossenesse of his bodie is perceiued by the two sides of the way which he hath touched with his bodie for he will haue broken off the drie boughes and branches on both sides so that thereby you may gather the grossenesse and greatnesse of his bodie As concerning the rubbings of the Hart by how much the elder they are by so much the rather are they giuen to rub and that vpon great trees vvherefore vvhen the huntsman shall perceiue the branches of the tree to be broken downe then hee shall be able to gather the height and largenesse of the Harts head howbeit this is but a darke and obscure marke Thus and by these meanes it may come to passe that the hunts-man may collect and gather the age and largenesse of the Hart and yet notwithstanding remaine as ignorant as euer he was of the place where he lyeth and from where he may find him in his secret haunt and priuie by-walkes And therefore to be assured throughly it behooueth him to haue some one or other verie good bloud-hound hauing a verie quicke and exquisite sent that so he may the more easily find out and follow the foot of the Hart besides which meanes it must be prouided that the hunts-man be not ignorant of the places in generall which the Hart is accustomed to resort vnto although they be diuers according to the moneths of the yeare for Harts doe change their vvalkes and feeding euerie moneth according as the Sunne mounteth and ascendeth for which cause in Nouember you must looke to find the Harts amongst furze briers or heath the crops and flowers whereof they loue to brouze and feede vpon thereby to restore nature after they haue beene at rut In December they haunt the â—nner parts and hart of the forrest to purchase thereby the shield of the vvood against cold vvinds snow and the noysomenesse of frosts following raine In Ianuarie they draw neere the corners of the forrests and seeke reliefe amongst the greene corne-fields vpon Rye and such like In Februarie and March because they then cast their hornes they hide themselues amongst the bushes and so they continue likewise for all Aprill and May. In Iune and Iuly they applie the cut-woods and corne at which time they are in their prime and fullest fatted then also they seeke after water because of the great heat which doth alter and change them and drinke vp the dew and moistnesse of the wood which then beginneth to wax hard In September and October they forsake the bushes and go to rut and then they keeps no certaine place nor manner of feeding because they range after the Hindes and follow their waies and steps carrying their noses close by the ground to take the scent of them nothing regarding or carefull to find out by the wind if there bee any secretly 〈◊〉 to do them harme as thus also they passe and spend both day and night being so enraged and feruently caried away with the rut as that they thinke that there is not any thing that can hurt them then also they liue with a very small as namely of that which is within themselues alwaies following the steps and footings of the Hind and next principally the great red mushrums which helpeth to bring them to the pissing of their tallow for which causes they are very easily killed at such times if the venison were good Thus the hunts-man may haue a generall notion of the haunt of the Hart and so he shall not seeke in any other places then where hee ordinarily maketh his abode And now when by the meanes aforesaid he is sure of the place it remaineth onely that he learne his den or the place of his particular resort and forthe diligent finding out of the same he must go earely to the place which he knoweth to be the generall haunt of Harts for the present time and houre as is before declared and he shall lead with him his bloud-hound that is not giuen to open to foot him withall hauing first wet his nostrels with good vineger that so he may