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A33177 Cicero's three books touching the nature of the gods done into English, with notes and illustrations. Cicero, Marcus Tullius. 1683 (1683) Wing C4323; ESTC R31304 282,546 400

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must undertake for thô you should prevail for an admittance that the shape of the Gods and of Men is one and the same For Then the Divinity would require all the Tricking and Tendance that we bestow upon our Bodies have his goings runnings lyings down leanings sittings holdings and in Brief be capable of speech and discourse ‖ And Male and Female Neither are the consequences of your making them Male and Female less palpably incommodious Insomuch that I can never wonder enough how that * Epicurus Prince of Yours should come by these Opinions BUT you are continually pressing us to hold This for a Certain Happiness as Consistent with the Form of the Sun c. as with a God of Human Figure that the Deity is both Happy and Immortal And why may he not be Happy thô not Two-footed Or This Beatitude or Blessedness they are both of them harsh Words but must be mollify'd by use but be it what it will why I say may not either That Sun This World or some Eternal Wisdom destitute of Human Shape and Members be capable of it * Epicurus further press'd upon for not all●wing any thing to be believ'd which we do not either See or Feel All that you urge to the contrary amounts only to This that you never saw any Happiness the Sun or the World had in them Well! And did you ever see any Other World then This either You 'l say No. How durst you give out then that there ●re not six hundred Thousand only but Innumerable of them Reason taught as much And will not Reason teach you † The Gods as much exceed us in Form as in Mind and Immortality This sooner that since in our Re-searches touching the Best Nature Happiness and Eternity are only to be met with in the Divine it cannot but as much surpass us in Excellency of Mind as in Immortality and as of Mind so of Shape likewise Wherefore Then being Inferiour in Other respects do we pretend to an Equality with it in point of Figure ‖ Our Vertues rather Divine then our Figure Man's Vertues one would think should come near to the Divinity in Resemblances then his Form But to press the * Of not Believing where there 's no seeing or feeling Other Topique yet a little further Can any thing be more Childish then for a body to deny the Being of those Monsters that are generated in India and the Red Sea It is not possible even for the most inquisitive to make a Discovery of the many Creatures that abide in the Earth Seas Fens Rivers And none of these now must be allow'd to Be because we never saw them † Like Forms like Dispositions no True Assertion Nor again is your Similitude of Dispositions inferr'd from likeness of Shape that you so highly account of any thing at all to the Purpose For is not the Dog like the Wolf and That filthy Creature as Ennius calls it the Ape likest to Man When as they are not of a Little contrary Dispositions The Elephant comes short of no other Beast in Prudence and yet of how much Larger a Size is he Here I speak only of Beasts But even amongst Men too find we not different manners in Bodies much alike and Dispositions unworthy of their Forms Should then your late * Velleius's s●phistical gradation way of Argumentation Velleius once take place see what would come of it You took for granted that Reason could not be in any other Figure then what is Human and another may assume in any Other but what is Earthy had a Birth Growth a time of Instruction but what is compounded of Soul and a frail fading Carcasse In short but in a Man a mortal Man † Reason m●● be in any form since Our Bodies are as frail and infirm as any Now if you can put over all these hard things what need you stickle so much for a bare Figure You could see it seems that Man was indu'd with Reason and Understanding thô attended with all these Infirmities that I have advanc'd Which when taken away you are nevertheless able to ‖ They make God to have the shadow only of our Bodies not the Substance know God you tell us provided the Shadow or Lines of them do but remain This is not to speak deliberately but to talk at a venture * All superfluities incommodious For surely you did not consider what a comber and hinderance any thing useless or Superfluous is not in Men only but even in Trees How Troublesome is it to have a Finger too much And why so Because there 's no need of a Fifth either for Use or Ornament Whereas your Deity now abounds not in a Finger only but in a Head too a Neck Shoulders Sides a Paunch Back Hams Hands Feet Privities Thighs If you suppose These to be contributary to his Immortality wherein I pray'd are any of Them nay or even the Visage it self either necessary to Life * What M●mbers are Vital and Essential to Life These rather the Brain Heart Lungs Liver for They are the seats of Life To which the Features of the Face are no way Essential You found fault with † The Stoiques c. whose Opinions drive to a certain point those who from the Marvellousness of the Works upon a view of the whole World and its respective Parts Heaven Earth Water and the Ornaments and Imbellishments of the same the Sun Moon Stars as also upon an Observation of the Changes Complements and Vicissitudes of Times and Seasons collected and presum'd that there could not but be some Excellent and Admirable Essence interested in the Creating Actuating Governing and Administring of them Who though they should be out in their Conjectures yet a Body may see what they would be at ‖ Which these of the Epicureans do not But as for You what notable atchievment do you reckon upon that may seem worthy of a Divine Wisdom and afford ground for a perswasion that Gods there are I bear in my Mind say you an unaccountable prenotion of a Deity * Their prenotion of a D●i●y invalidated Of a Bearded Jupiter no doubt or a Helmeted Minerva * The Gods not such as the Statuaries represent them to be But do you take them to be such then How much more tolerable are the Phansies even of the Ordinary sort in This Particular In that † The Opinions of the Common People adjudged more Rational they do not only allow the Deities Human Members but a capacity to make use of them too and therefore assign them a Bow and Arrows a Spear a Buckler a Trident and a Thunder-bolt And thô they cannot see what they do yet will they not hear of their being altogether Idle ‖ And those of the Aegyptians too because they only Deifie Beasts in consideration of the good they rece●ve by them Even the so much undervalu'd Aegyptians
Arms stretcht out the Snake under his Twist over his Left Hanch and so to his left hand but not at all about his Middle Chest But yet he Glittering passes gravely on And plants his Feet upon the Breast and Eyes Of * The Scorpion Nepa The Septentriones is follow'd by ‖ The Wayn-driver a Northern Constellation of 23 Stars following the Wayn of Ursa Major Arctophylax who commonly in Greek Is term'd Bootes ' cause he drives before him The Greater Bear yoakt as 't were to a Wayn And yet further For In th' * Vitruvius places it media Genuorum Custodis Arcti Others in the Knot of Arctophylax his Girdle Bosom of Bootes there is fixt A Star of glittering Rays † It is a Star of the First Magni ude Arcturus nam'd Underneath ‖ i. e. Arctophylax Him is The * Virgo ♍ a Northern Sign the sixth in the Zodiac of 32 Stars Virgin of a shining Body holding A Bright † A Kiind of Ear of Corn it is that she holds in her hand Spike And in Truth the Signs are ranged and planted in such sort that the Wisdom of Divine Providence shews it self in all the Figures and Descriptions Below the Head of ‖ The Greater Bear Arctus you may see The * Gemini ♊ a Northern Sign too the third of 25 Stars Twins Vnder his Belly † The Crab-fish ♋ a Northern Sign the fourth of 13 Stars Cancer is And at his Feet 's the mighty ‖ Leo ♌ a Northern Sign the fifth of 35 Stars Lyon plac'd Breathing a Trembling Flame out of his Mouth The * 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Auriga a Northern Constellation of 14 Stars Chariotiere At the Left side of Gemini is mov'd Against the Head of him 's fierce † Ursa Major Helice And to 's Left shoulder the bright ‖ Capra Amaithaea a bright Star of the First M●gnitude Goat is fixt And so on But * Capra sure This is a most bright and glorious Star On th' Other side the † Hoedi They are Two Stars in the Left Arm of Auriga observ'd in their Rising and Setting to cause Storms and Tempests Kids only discovers A duskish slender Light to mortal View Behind at ‖ The Chariotiere's his Feet Is th' Horned * Taurus ♉ a Northern Sign the second of 44 Stars The Plei●des being of the Number Bull most strong of Body plac'd His Head is all besprinkled with Stars These the Greeks usually call † The 7 Stars in the Head of Taurus which in their Rising and Setting star up Rain Hyades from Raining for 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 signifies to Rain ‖ The Latins Our People have unlearnedly called them Suculae as if they had derived their Name à suibus from Sows not from Showers Now just at the Hinder parts of and with his Back toward the Lesser * Ursa Minor Septentrio comes † A great Astronomer Once a King of Aethiopia made a Northern Constellation of 13 Stars Cepheus with his Hand spred abroad For Behind at th' Hinder parts o' th' ‖ Ursa minor Or the Lesser of the Constellations that bear the Name of 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Cynosura Of Arctus he is turn'd Before * Cepheus or Cephus him goes † Wife of Cepheus who comending for Beauty with the Nereides was as a punishment and in Memorial of her Arrogance plac'd in Heaven with her Heels upward She is a Northern Constellation of 13 Stars also Cassiopeia of a dark kind of Stars And just by Her is bright ‖ Daughter of the Two aboven●●'d who for her Mother's Pride likewise was ty'd to a Rock to be devour'd by a Sea Monster but deliver'd and marry'd by Perseus She is a Northern Constellation of 23 Stars Andromeda Shunning the sight of her Lamenting Mother The famous * Pegasus Perseus's Flying Horse bred of the Bloud of Medusa a Northern Constellation of 20 Stars He is cut off by the Middle Horse shaking his glittering Mayn With 's Fore-parts touches the Top of † Andromeda's her Head And a Star joyning he thus comes to have A † A Winged Horse Double Figure in One Common Light Affecting to make up an Everlasting ‖ The Cluster of Stars in the Head of Andromeda mingle Their Light with His. Knot out of the Stars Behind him also The Princely * Aries ♈ the first of the 12 Signs a Northern one of 18 Stars Ram with 's wreathed Horns is plac'd Hard by Whom The † Pisces ♓ a Southern Sign the last of the 12 of 34 Stars Fishes ‖ They are a● a good distance One from the Other One lying to the South the Other to the North. One of them Cuts it away Somewhat before the Other and lyes near To the more chilly Blasts of the North-Wind At the Feet of Andromeda * The Son of Jupiter by Danae a Northern Constellation of 29 Stars Perseus has his Scat And is expos'd to all th' most violent storms That from th' North Quarter blow Not far from † Perseus ' s. whose Left Knee You see the small ‖ The 7 Stars behind in the Neck of Taurus Virgiliae with their Dim Light Thence 's * Fides the Fiddle I know not what it should be unless Lyra the Harp which is at a good distance from the virgiliae and spoken of in Pag. 145. of this Book Fides slightly joyn'd and Fixt And Then th' † Ales Avis perhaps This may be Cygnus the Swan which is hard by Lyra and noted upon in Pag. 145. Wing'd Bird under th' broad Canopy Of Heaven Toward the Head of the ‖ i. e. Pegasus Horse lyes First the Right Hand Then the whole Body of the * Aquarius ♒ a Southern Sign the eleventh of 45 Stars Water-Bearer Then in a spacious Circle † Capricornus ♑ He follows at the Hanches of Aquarius and is a Southern Sign the tenth of 28 Stars Capricorn With 's ‖ He is half Goat half Fish Half-wild Body breathing from 's strong Breast Th' extremest Colds And Him when * The Sun which when it is in Capricorn the Dayes are at the Shortest and when in Cancer the Longest Titan in The Winter-solstice has invested with His Constant Light he turns his Chariot And wheels about again Not far from Hence may be seen How th' † Scorpius ♏ a Southern Sign the seventh of 24 Stars Scorpion Rising 'bove Water shews Himself aloft And near His Tail the ‖ Sagittarius ♐ Or the Centaur there being Two of them the Sign and the Constellation a Southern Sign the eighth of 31 Stars Archer With his Bent Bow hard by whom does the * Avis the Bird but what Bird it is I 'm at a Loss The Phoenix which is near Him was not known to the Ancients nor yet the Peacock which Bayer makes to be