after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o palm-branch_n into_o many_o fleshy_a portion_n which_o become_v tendinous_a at_o their_o insertion_n to_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o each_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n and_o tubercle_fw-la of_o the_o rib_n and_o some_o of_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n this_o muscle_n be_v not_o only_o employ_v in_o keep_v the_o trunk_n of_o the_o body_n erect_v and_o bend_v it_o backward_o but_o in_o progression_n it_o have_v also_o a_o considerable_a office_n for_o when_o either_o leg_n be_v move_v foreward_n this_o muscle_n on_o the_o same_o side_n near_o its_o origin_n may_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v in_o action_n which_o we_o suppose_v be_v necessary_a to_o render_v the_o o_o ilium_n at_o that_o time_n stable_n to_o the_o end_v the_o thigh-bone_n may_v be_v more_o commodious_o move_v in_o its_o acetabulum_n of_o the_o coxendix_fw-la r_o the_o sacrolumbalis_n which_o we_o shall_v describe_v hereafter_o s_o part_v of_o the_o glutaeus_n magnus_n s_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n t_o the_o splenius_n capitis_fw-la v._o the_o deltoide_n w_o the_o infraspinatus_n x_o the_o teres_n major_n y_fw-fr part_n of_o the_o spina_n scapulae_fw-la above_o which_o part_v of_o the_o supraspinatus_n may_v be_v see_v z_o part_v of_o the_o serratus_fw-la major_n anticus_fw-la ψ_n the_o seven_o rib_n make_v bare_a the_o twenty-ninth_a table_n divers_a muscle_n employ_v in_o move_v the_o back_n thorax_n and_o arms._n a_o b_o d_o e_o the_o musculus_fw-la sacrolumbalis_n its_o origin_n be_v already_o describe_v in_o the_o precede_a table_n with_o the_o dorsi_fw-la longissimus_fw-la they_o arise_v inseparable_o at_o their_o part_n below_o the_o last_o rib_n the_o fleshy_a part_n of_o the_o sacrolumbus_n be_v divide_v into_o divers_a part_n which_o become_v so_o many_o distinct_a tendon_n and_o terminate_v on_o the_o rib_n as_o may_v be_v see_v on_o the_o left_a side_n of_o this_o figure_n beside_o these_o fleshy_a and_o tendinous_a production_n of_o this_o sacrolumbal_n muscle_n it_o have_v another_o order_n of_o tendinous_a and_o fleshy_a fibre_n which_o may_v be_v esteem_v as_o so_o many_o distinct_a muscle_n they_o arise_v partly_o tendinous_a and_o partly_o fleshy_a from_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o loin_n and_o posterior_n prominence_z of_o the_o rib_n that_o be_v connex_v to_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o back_n whence_o ascend_v oblique_o outward_o become_v fleshy_a and_o grow_v tendinous_a do_v pass_v over_o three_o or_o four_o of_o the_o superior_a rib_n and_o join_v with_o the_o first_o describe_v tendon_n at_o their_o several_a termination_n above_o mention_v this_o disposition_n of_o the_o sacrolumbus_n be_v continue_v the_o whole_a length_n of_o the_o thorax_n even_o to_o the_o four_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n which_o upper_a part_n of_o it_o be_v call_v by_o diemerbroek_n cervicalis_fw-la descendens_fw-la and_o by_o he_o make_v a_o distinct_a muscle_n c_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o last_o describe_v muscle_n and_o longissimus_fw-la dorsi_fw-la cut_v from_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n f_o h_o i_o k_n k_n the_o longissimi_fw-la dorsi_fw-la that_o of_o the_o right_a side_n be_v free_v from_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_n and_o loin_n l_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n m_o m_o the_o musculus_fw-la semispinatus_fw-la or_o transversalis_fw-la dorsi_fw-la the_o course_n of_o the_o fibre_n of_o this_o muscle_n agree_v exact_o with_o that_o lie_v below_o it_o call_v musculus_fw-la sacer_n g_z which_o be_v express_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n between_o l_o m_o c_o they_o be_v call_v transversales_n dorsi_fw-la and_o lumborum_fw-la because_o they_o arise_v from_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o those_o vertebra_n from_o whence_o they_o ascend_v oblique_o and_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o superior_a vertebra_n which_o oblique_a ascend_a disposition_n of_o these_o fibre_n may_v be_v observe_v in_o this_o figure_n m_o m._n n_o part_v of_o the_o musculus_fw-la trapezius_fw-la leave_v on_o the_o neck_n o_o part_v of_o the_o serratus_fw-la superior_n posticus_fw-la leave_v at_o its_o insertion_n p_o part_v of_o the_o spina_n scapulae_fw-la q_o the_o basis_n scapulae_fw-la r_o musculus_fw-la deltoide_n s_o infraspinatus_n t_o teres_n major_n v_o w_n part_n of_o the_o serrati_fw-la majores_fw-la antici_n that_o of_o the_o left-side_n represent_v its_o progress_n over_o the_o subscapularis_fw-la as_o it_o arise_v from_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o basis_n scapulae_fw-la as_o be_v mention_v tab._n 20._o x_o x_o x_o the_o serrati_fw-la inferiores_fw-la postici_fw-la raise_v and_o leave_v at_o their_o insertion_n y_fw-fr part_n of_o the_o obliquus_fw-la descendens_fw-la z_o z_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o ossa_fw-la ilii_fw-la the_o thirty_o table_n some_z of_o the_o muscle_n employ_v in_o extend_v the_o back_n and_o loin_n raise_v a_o b_o c_o d_o e_o f_o g_o h_o i_o k_n the_o longissimi_fw-la dorsi_fw-la and_o sacrolumbales_n near_o their_o origination_n l_o the_o sacrolumbalis_n on_o the_o left_a side_n free_v from_o the_o rib_n etc._n etc._n and_o hang_v loose_a from_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o body_n m_o m_o those_o tubercle_n of_o the_o rib_n connex_v to_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n make_v bare_a whence_o the_o other_o order_n of_o the_o tendinous_a and_o fleshy_a fibre_n of_o the_o sacrolumbal_n muscle_n mention_v in_o the_o precedent_a table_n do_v arise_v n_o n_o the_o spinal_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_o make_v bare_a n_o n_o their_o transverse_a process_n o_o o_o part_n of_o the_o musculi_fw-la splenii_fw-la capitis_fw-la p_o the_o infraspinatus_n raise_v from_o the_o scapula_n q_o part_v of_o the_o rotundus_fw-la major_n r_o r_o part_n of_o the_o serrati_fw-la majores_fw-la antici_n on_o both_o side_n s_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o arm_n lay_v bare_a t_o the_o last_o or_o twelve_o rib._n v._o the_o quadratus_fw-la lumborum_fw-la it_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o the_o posterior_n part_v of_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n and_o after_o a_o oblique_a ascend_a progress_n be_v so_o insert_v to_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n this_o not_o unlike_o the_o rectus_n abdominis_fw-la move_v the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n or_o os_fw-la ilium_n near_a each_o other_o as_o either_o be_v hold_v most_o stable_a so_o when_o we_o stand_v on_o one_o foot_n it_o draw_v the_o vertebra_n to_o that_o side_n and_o make_v the_o trunk_n come_v towards_o a_o perpendicular_a direction_n of_o its_o gravity_n to_o that_o foot_n as_o appear_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o first_o table_n where_o the_o right_a leg_n sustain_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o whole_a trunk_n and_o superior_a part_n but_o if_o we_o hang_v by_o the_o hand_n then_o either_o of_o these_o musculi_fw-la quadrati_fw-la act_v draw_v the_o o_o ilium_n near_a the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n it_o be_v necessary_a the_o muscle_n employ_v in_o extend_v the_o head_n neck_n back_o and_o loin_n shall_v be_v frame_v strong_a enough_o not_o only_o to_o sustain_v the_o head_n and_o trunk_n in_o their_o projection_n foreward_n from_o the_o axis_n of_o the_o vertebra_n but_o that_o they_o shall_v move_v the_o whole_a spine_n various_o especial_o in_o bend_v it_o backward_o hence_o it_o be_v these_o muscle_n be_v not_o only_o more_o numerous_a but_o be_v multiform_a as_o appear_v in_o the_o dorsi_fw-la longissimus_fw-la and_o sacrolumbalis_n whereas_o the_o bend_v muscle_n of_o the_o trunk_n and_o head_n be_v but_o one_o pair_n to_o each_o and_o they_o of_o a_o longitudinal_n order_n of_o fibres_n only_o namely_o the_o par_fw-fr rectum_fw-la internum_n capitis_fw-la or_o flexores_fw-la capitis_fw-la tab._n 18._o ll_o and_o the_o recti_fw-la abdominis_fw-la tab._n 31._o i_fw-mi the_o thirty-first_a table_n represent_v the_o common_a integument_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la and_o the_o external_n appearance_n of_o its_o muscle_n on_o the_o left_a side_n a_o a_o a_o a_o the_o skin_n together_o with_o the_o fat_a and_o membrane_n of_o the_o left_a side_n raise_v b_o b_o the_o fat_a remain_v on_o the_o right_a side_n after_o raise_v the_o skin_n where_o the_o lobi_n of_o fat_a and_o the_o blood-vessel_n pass_v between_o they_o be_v elegant_o express_v c_o d_o e_o f_o g_o the_o musculus_fw-la obliquus_fw-la descendens_fw-la in_o situ_fw-la cc_o it_o be_v fleshy_a part_n spring_a from_o the_o rib_n d_o d_o it_o be_v inferior_a tendinous_a part_n under_o which_o the_o fleshy_a fibre_n of_o the_o ascendens_fw-la do_v appear_v e_o e_o the_o sraight_o fleshy_a fibre_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la rectus_n as_o they_o appear_v under_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o descend_v and_o ascend_v muscle_n f_o f_o the_o tendinous_a interfection_n of_o the_o rectus_n appear_v through_o the_o two_o
which_o we_o shall_v here_o speak_v of_o be_v muscular_a motion_n but_o have_v already_o publish_a my_o thought_n conern_v that_o phaenomenon_n in_o my_o myotomia_fw-la reformata_fw-la i_o shall_v not_o trouble_v the_o reader_n here_o with_o a_o repetition_n since_o no_o experiment_n nor_o observation_n beside_o that_o mention_v in_o tab._n 64._o fig._n 2._o concern_v the_o fleshy_a fibres_n have_v since_o occur_v which_o shall_v add_v to_o those_o conjecture_n or_o favour_v any_o other_o to_o the_o reader_n the_o fate_n of_o author_n when_o they_o appear_v on_o the_o public_a stage_n of_o the_o world_n be_v extreme_o uncertain_a good_a or_o ill_a success_n reputation_n or_o '_o disgrace_v frequent_o depend_v more_o on_o the_o humour_n and_o prejudice_n of_o the_o reader_n than_o the_o merit_n of_o the_o performance_n this_o hard_a fortune_n of_o all_o writer_n have_v make_v it_o dangerous_a for_o any_o book_n to_o venture_v abroad_o without_o some_o harangue_n or_o apology_n before_o it_o to_o bespeak_v a_o favourable_a treatment_n for_o my_o part_n i_o have_v no_o excuse_n to_o offer_v for_o not_o comply_v with_o this_o reasonable_a custom_n but_o whole_o resign_v my_o cause_n to_o all_o wellwisher_n to_o the_o advancement_n of_o anatomy_n the_o proper_a judge_n of_o this_o matter_n who_o candour_n and_o indulgence_n i_o doubt_v not_o will_v be_v a_o better_a protection_n from_o the_o defect_n that_o shall_v be_v discover_v in_o this_o work_n than_o any_o reason_n i_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o allege_v in_o my_o defence_n this_o volume_n contain_v a_o general_n description_n of_o the_o fabric_n of_o humane_a body_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o a_o commentary_n on_o the_o table_n which_o represent_v their_o several_a organ_n the_o present_a and_o last_o age_n have_v be_v industrious_a in_o make_v discovery_n in_o the_o animal_n machine_n by_o detect_v the_o structure_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o artifice_n of_o the_o circulation_n the_o origin_n and_o course_n of_o the_o lymphducts_a the_o several_a salival_n gland_n and_o their_o channel_n the_o texture_n of_o the_o bone_n and_o medullary_a cell_n the_o mucilaginous_a gland_n of_o the_o joint_n the_o organ_n and_o process_n of_o generation_n the_o organ_n of_o the_o external_n sense_n in_o reform_v the_o myology_n a_o essay_n on_o the_o last_o of_o these_o with_o some_o remark_n on_o the_o structure_n and_o erection_n of_o the_o penis_n i_o some_o time_n since_o publish_a all_o which_o the_o reader_n will_v find_v in_o the_o follow_a description_n with_o my_o own_o observation_n and_o conjecture_n which_o in_o many_o place_n differ_v from_o the_o general_n receive_v opinion_n beside_o the_o history_n of_o the_o natural_a structure_n i_o have_v through_o the_o whole_a series_n of_o the_o work_n insert_v some_o phaenomena_n i_o have_v find_v in_o dissect_v morbid_v body_n and_o such_o practical_a instruction_n as_o i_o hope_v will_v be_v useful_a in_o many_o case_n to_o the_o chirurgical_a operator_n the_o whole_a be_v dispose_v in_o this_o order_n in_o the_o first_o hundred_o and_o five_o table_n after_o a_o prospect_n of_o the_o body_n with_o the_o tegument_n hair_n etc._n etc._n the_o part_n of_o the_o head_n neck_n brain_n medulla_n spinalis_fw-la follow_v and_o so_o proceed_v to_o those_o of_o the_o breast_n back_o loin_n lower-bel_o uterus_fw-la with_o the_o foetus_fw-la and_o its_o adjunct_n next_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o limb_n and_o last_o the_o osteology_n these_o figure_n be_v draw_v after_o the_o life_n by_o the_o masterly_a painter_n g._n the_o lairess_n and_o engrave_v by_o no_o less_o a_o hand_n and_o represent_v the_o part_n of_o humane_a body_n far_o beyond_o any_o exstant_fw-la and_o be_v some_o time_n since_o publish_a by_o dr._n bidloo_n now_o professor_n of_o anatomy_n in_o the_o university_n of_o leyden_n i_o shall_v take_v the_o liberty_n here_o to_o acquaint_v the_o reader_n that_o in_o these_o table_n i_o have_v add_v above_o seven-hundred_n reference_n all_o which_o be_v letter_v with_o a_o pen_n in_o the_o several_a figure_n among_o which_o it_o be_v hardly_o possible_a but_o mistake_v may_v occur_v in_o some_o place_n by_o those_o who_o have_v insert_v they_o which_o i_o hope_v will_v not_o be_v impute_v to_o my_o inadvertence_n the_o part_n which_o in_o many_o place_n have_v their_o nomenclature_n bare_o annex_v be_v here_o copious_o describe_v to_o which_o as_o i_o before_o note_a be_v add_v such_o observation_n of_o the_o male_a conformation_n and_o vitiate_a structure_n as_o may_v illustrate_v the_o pathology_n or_o history_n of_o disease_n their_o symptom_n and_o cause_n i_o have_v likewise_o intersperse_v several_a remark_n on_o the_o usual_a method_n of_o chirurgical_a operation_n with_o direction_n for_o perform_v they_o in_o a_o more_o exact_a and_o successful_a manner_n and_o last_o give_v a_o account_n of_o several_a case_n and_o accident_n rare_o occur_v and_o not_o at_o least_o common_o observe_v by_o author_n the_o appendix_n be_v partly_o a_o supplement_n to_o the_o precede_a table_n and_o partly_o a_o correction_n of_o such_o thing_n as_o be_v not_o well_o express_v for_o instance_n the_o two_o first_o table_n present_v a_o prospect_n or_o general_n view_v of_o the_o whole_a body_n both_o on_o the_o fore_n and_o backside_n denude_v of_o its_o tegument_n and_o clear_v from_o its_o fat_a where_o the_o external_n muscle_n with_o their_o tendon_n fasciculi_fw-la and_o series_n of_o fibres_n appear_v on_o the_o surface_n these_o be_v not_o draw_v by_o invention_n but_o be_v touch_v on_o after_o a_o original_a cast_n from_o the_o life_n in_o plaster_n of_o paris_n which_o i_o have_v now_o by_o i_o the_o three_o table_n contain_v a_o system_fw-la of_o the_o artery_n dissect_v from_o a_o foetus_fw-la with_o their_o several_a trunk_n and_o ramification_n delineate_v from_o the_o life_n which_o i_o have_v also_o by_o i_o inject_v with_o wax_n how_o much_o this_o differ_v from_o that_o describe_v tab._n 23._o may_v be_v soon_o discover_v in_o two_o other_o figure_n of_o the_o same_o table_n be_v the_o prospect_n of_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o vein_n and_o artery_n as_o they_o appear_v in_o the_o transparent_a finns_n of_o a_o grigg_n and_o flounder_n view_v through_o a_o microscope_n here_o the_o method_n of_o circulation_n the_o continuity_n of_o the_o venous_a and_o arterious_a channel_n the_o globuli_fw-la pass_v they_o in_o a_o uninterrupted_a current_n be_v demonstrate_v in_o another_o figure_n be_v express_v our_o conjecture_n of_o the_o rise_v of_o those_o duct_n which_o export_v the_o lympha_fw-la and_o redundant_fw-la nutriment_n in_o the_o four_o table_n the_o receptaculum_fw-la chyli_n be_v represent_v fill_v with_o mercury_n with_o the_o various_a course_n of_o the_o chyle-vessel_n and_o lymphducts_a their_o communicant_a branch_n the_o lumbal_n gland_n the_o triple-division_n of_o the_o receptacle_n hitherto_o unobserved_a at_o least_o not_o delineate_v in_o the_o remain_a table_n i_o fear_v the_o tedious_a enumeration_n of_o particular_n may_v tire_v the_o reader_n be_v patience_n be_v the_o organ_n of_o hear_v with_o the_o meatus_fw-la à _fw-la palato_fw-la ad_fw-la aurem_fw-la and_o that_o from_o the_o inner_a ear_n to_o the_o external_n meatus_fw-la the_o foramina_fw-la of_o the_o tonsil_n which_o evacuate_v the_o pituita_fw-la the_o several_a part_n of_o the_o tongue_n and_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la the_o basis_n of_o the_o brain_n that_o of_o the_o cranium_fw-la the_o muscle_n of_o the_o face_n and_o lip_n several_a of_o which_o be_v not_o describe_v and_o the_o rest_n erroneous_o in_o this_o undertake_n i_o have_v be_v oblige_v to_o my_o learned_a friend_n dr._n tancred_n robinson_n in_o revise_v as_o many_o sheet_n as_o his_o leisure_n will_v give_v he_o leave_v in_o the_o last_o place_n to_o render_v the_o whole_a more_o useful_a a_o copious_a index_n be_v add_v at_o the_o end_n which_o if_o the_o reader_n find_v useful_a he_o be_v oblige_v to_o return_v his_o thanks_o to_o the_o deserve_a mr._n james_n fern_n the_o surgeon_n who_o be_v at_o the_o trouble_n of_o digest_v the_o content_n of_o this_o work_n into_o a_o alphabetical_a order_n which_o my_o avocation_n will_v by_o no_o mean_n permit_v i_o to_o do_v if_o the_o reader_n happen_v to_o discover_v any_o literal_a error_n of_o which_o some_o may_v be_v find_v it_o be_v hope_v he_o will_v excuse_v they_o upon_o account_n of_o the_o haste_n and_o distance_n of_o the_o press_n the_o practice_n in_o my_o profession_n not_o suffer_v i_o always_o to_o revise_v every_o minute_n passage_n the_o anatomy_n of_o humane_a body_n before_o we_o enter_v on_o the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o humane_a body_n let_v we_o take_v a_o view_n of_o their_o external_n part_n as_o they_o appear_v in_o the_o live_a state_n here_o we_o shall_v first_o brief_o take_v notice_n of_o their_o most_o remarkable_a appearance_n in_o the_o embryo_n and_o foetus_fw-la of_o the_o womb_n and_o thence_o proceed_v to_o observe_v the_o
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great_a saw-muscle_n before_o app._n ib._n 40_o 40._o which_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o tooth_n or_o beginning_n of_o the_o oblique_a descend_v muscle_n ib._n 38_o 38._o be_v very_o much_o swell_v when_o the_o arm_n on_o the_o same_o side_n be_v thrust_v forward_o that_o saw-muscle_n then_o be_v in_o action_n in_o draw_v the_o scapula_n forward_o also_o the_o long_a extend_v muscle_n of_o the_o trunk_n place_v on_o each_o side_n the_o backbone_n app._n fig._n 2._o **_o act_n alternate_o in_o walk_v after_o this_o manner_n if_o the_o right_a leg_n bear_v the_o weight_n of_o the_o body_n and_o the_o left_a be_v in_o translation_n as_o on_o tiptoe_n the_o last_o mention_v muscle_n of_o the_o back_n on_o the_o left_a side_n may_v be_v observe_v to_o be_v tumify_v about_o the_o region_n of_o the_o loin_n and_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o trocanther_n or_o outward_a and_o uppermost_a head_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n app._n fig._n 2._o r_o r._n vary_v in_o their_o position_n in_o 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man_n be_v on_o tiptoe_n the_o extend_v muscle_n of_o the_o shank_n place_v on_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o thigh_n app._n fig._n 1._o 46_o 47_o 48._o and_o those_o of_o the_o foot_n which_o compose_v the_o calf_n of_o the_o leg_n app._n fig._n 2._o 43_o 44._o appear_v very_o strong_a and_o the_o musculus_fw-la peroneus_fw-la primus_fw-la app._n fig._n 1.55_o make_v a_o considerable_a indentation_n or_o furrow_n at_o that_o time_n in_o its_o progress_n on_o the_o outside_o of_o the_o leg._n beside_o these_o remark_n we_o can_v mention_v many_o more_o which_o will_v soon_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o the_o observe_a artist_n in_o consult_v the_o life_n to_o which_o he_o ought_v to_o apply_v himself_o after_o he_o be_v well_o acquaint_v with_o the_o anatomy_n of_o the_o external_n part_n see_v the_o first_o and_o second_o figure_n of_o our_o appendix_n a_o b_o the_o hairy_a or_o back_o part_n of_o the_o head_n c_o the_o right_a temple_n d_o the_o hair_n tie_v up_o on_o the_o occiput_fw-la e_o the_o neck_n where_o fontanel_n be_v usual_o make_v f_o f_o the_o shoulder_n g_o the_o back_o h_o the_o loin_n i_o i_o the_o buttock_n k_o k_o the_o thigh_n l_o l_o the_o leg_n m_o m_o the_o arms._n the_o four_o table_n fig._n 1._o represent_v a_o portion_n of_o the_o cuticula_fw-la or_o scarf-skin_n raise_v from_o the_o back_n of_o the_o hand_n and_o view_v with_o a_o microscope_n a_o a_o the_o perforation_n or_o pore_n whereby_o the_o sweat_n be_v discharge_v b_o b_o the_o indenture_n or_o furrow_n c_o c_o the_o bladder_n like_o protuberance_n both_o these_o arise_v from_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o papillary_a surface_n of_o the_o skin_n itself_o d_o d_o the_o hair_n which_o break_v forth_o through_o the_o cuticula_fw-la e_o e_o the_o asperity_n or_o filament_n by_o which_o the_o cuticula_fw-la be_v fasten_v to_o the_o true_a skin_n with_o the_o assistance_n of_o the_o microscope_n the_o cuticula_fw-la appear_v compose_v of_o divers_a strata_n or_o bed_n of_o 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bottom_n of_o the_o foot_n of_o those_o who_o walk_v much_o and_o the_o palm_n of_o the_o hand_n of_o laborious_a mechanic_n these_o strata_n be_v not_o only_o very_o numerous_a but_o each_o scale_n be_v thicken_v if_o you_o macerate_v the_o cuticle_n in_o water_n after_o some_o day_n its_o strata_n of_o scales_n will_v appear_v and_o you_o may_v divide_v it_o into_o two_o sometime_o three_o or_o four_o pellicles_n the_o like_a division_n of_o it_o may_v be_v also_o observe_v in_o vesicatory_n or_o blister_n raise_v on_o live_v person_n fig._n 2._o a_o portion_n of_o the_o cuticula_fw-la raise_v from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o view_v with_o the_o same_o microscope_n as_o the_o former_a where_o its_o remarkable_a thickness_n appear_v fig._n 3._o a_o portion_n of_o the_o cuticula_fw-la raise_v from_o the_o back_n in_o which_o the_o
its_o insertion_n in_o the_o first_o bone_n of_o the_o lesser_a toe_n the_o interossei_a be_v in_o number_n seven_o they_o derive_v their_o name_n from_o their_o situation_n and_o may_v each_o deserve_v a_o proper_a appellation_n from_o their_o use_n the_o first_o next_o to_o the_o muscle_n last_o describe_v may_v be_v call_v adductor_n minimi_fw-la digiti_fw-la the_o second_o be_v the_o largest_n and_o draw_v the_o next_o toe_n towards_o the_o lesser_a and_o may_v be_v call_v abductor_n auricularis_fw-la the_o three_o antagonizes_n the_o former_a and_o be_v a_o adductor_n of_o that_o toe_n the_o four_o be_v a_o abductor_n medii_fw-la digiti_fw-la the_o five_o be_v a_o adductor_n of_o the_o same_o the_o six_o be_v a_o adductor_n and_o the_o seven_o a_o abductor_n indicis_fw-la pedis_fw-la their_o origination_n progress_n and_o insertion_n may_v be_v see_v express_v in_o this_o figure_n b_o b_o c_o c_o divers_a muscle_n of_o the_o great_a toe_n which_o be_v confuse_o dispose_a d_o the_o abductor_n minimi_fw-la digiti_fw-la e_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o peroneus_a longus_n at_o its_o implantation_n to_o the_o o_o metatarsi_n of_o the_o great_a toe_n the_o eighty-seventh_a table_n have_v examine_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o limb_n and_o most_o of_o those_o of_o the_o head_n trunk_n and_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n and_o take_v notice_n of_o many_o of_o the_o most_o remarkable_a ligament_n in_o divers_a articulation_n of_o the_o bone_n we_o come_v next_o to_o view_n the_o whole_a compage_n of_o the_o bone_n when_o dry_v call_v the_o skeleton_n the_o forepart_n of_o which_o be_v represent_v in_o this_o table_n if_o you_o examine_v the_o proper_a situation_n of_o each_o bone_n you_o will_v find_v none_o of_o they_o place_v in_o a_o perpendicular_a bear_v to_o each_o other_o above_o two_o three_o of_o the_o whole_a head_n project_n from_o its_o articulation_n with_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o whole_a rib_n and_o sternum_n which_o compose_v the_o forepart_n of_o the_o thorax_n together_o with_o all_o its_o viscera_n as_o well_o as_o the_o viscera_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n project_n from_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_n and_o loin_n the_o claviculae_fw-la who_o position_n be_v horizontal_n support_v the_o arm_n by_o their_o connection_n with_o the_o scapulae_fw-la the_o articulation_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n be_v not_o perpendicular_a to_o the_o grand_a fulciment_n of_o the_o head_n and_o trunk_n i.e._n the_o whole_a vertebra_n but_o be_v place_v before_o it_o the_o thigh-bone_n stand_v oblique_o inward_o and_o so_o do_v the_o tibiae_fw-la though_o not_o in_o so_o great_a a_o manner_n we_o stand_v either_o on_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o os_fw-la calcis_fw-la and_o ball_n of_o the_o great_a toe_n together_o or_o else_o on_o the_o ball_n of_o the_o great_a toe_n only_o as_o on_o tiptoe_n a_o the_o forehead-bone_n divide_v into_o two_o part_n by_o mean_n of_o a_o continuation_n of_o the_o longitudinal_n suture_a which_o may_v be_v see_v in_o divers_a subject_n as_o here_o express_v nor_o do_v such_o a_o appearance_n determine_v the_o sex_n as_o some_o pretend_v b_o the_o bregma_n c_o the_o temple-bone_n call_v squamosum_fw-la d_o the_o yoke-bone_n or_o os_fw-la jugale_n compose_v of_o two_o process_n the_o one_o derive_v backward_o from_o the_o os_fw-la squamosum_fw-la the_o other_o forward_o from_o the_o first_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n e_o the_o four_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n f_o the_o low_a jawbone_n g_o the_o tooth_n call_v incisore_n h_o the_o first_o rib_n near_o its_o articulation_n with_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n ay_o the_o clavicula_fw-la on_o the_o right_a side_n k_o the_o processus_n coracoide_v scapulae_fw-la on_o the_o left_a side_n l_o the_o sternum_fw-la or_o brest-bone_n m_o m_o etc._n etc._n the_o seven_o true_a rib_n n_o n_o etc._n etc._n the_o five_o bastard_n rib_n call_v nothae_fw-la or_o spuriae_fw-la o_o o_o etc._n etc._n divers_a of_o the_o twelve_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_n p_o p_o etc._n etc._n four_o of_o the_o five_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n the_o uppermost_a be_v hide_v by_o the_o cartilage_n of_o the_o bastard_n rib_n q_o the_o os_fw-mi ilium_n r_o its_o conjunction_n with_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la in_o the_o acetabulum_n s_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la t_o the_o os_fw-mi sacrum_n v._o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o ossa_fw-la pubis_fw-la behind_o which_o be_v the_o os_fw-la coccygis_fw-la not_o to_o be_v see_v in_o this_o position_n w_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la or_o shoulder-bone_n x_o the_o ulna_fw-la express_v in_o its_o whole_a length_n in_o the_o left_a arm._n y_fw-fr the_o radius_fw-la between_o which_o and_o z_o be_v contain_v the_o eight_o bone_n of_o the_o carpus_n z_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o hand_n particular_o those_o of_o the_o metacarpus_fw-la 1_o the_o thigh-bone_n 2_o the_o patella_n or_o knee-pan_n 3_o the_o tibia_fw-la 4_o the_o fibula_fw-la 5_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o foot_n the_o eighty-eighth_a table_n be_v the_o back_n and_o side_n of_o a_o humane_a skeléton_n what_o have_v be_v say_v in_o the_o precede_a page_n relate_v to_o the_o position_n of_o the_o bone_n with_o respect_n to_o their_o bear_v on_o each_o other_o seem_v better_a explain_v in_o the_o figure_n of_o this_o table_n whereby_o it_o appear_v if_o the_o muscle_n which_o draw_v the_o head_n up_o or_o backward_o as_o well_o as_o those_o place_v on_o the_o backpart_n of_o the_o whole_a spine_n be_v not_o very_o large_a as_o well_o as_o numerous_n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o body_n as_o well_o as_o the_o head_n will_v be_v continual_o subject_a to_o fall_v forward_o nor_o can_v we_o stand_v much_o less_o translate_v the_o body_n from_o one_o place_n to_o another_o if_o the_o extend_v muscle_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n those_o of_o the_o tibiae_fw-la and_o foot_n be_v not_o very_o strong_a as_o be_v elsewhere_o take_v notice_n of_o in_o the_o description_n of_o those_o muscle_n hence_o we_o may_v easy_o conceive_v why_o we_o can_v with_o less_o difficulty_n continue_v a_o progressive_a motion_n for_o a_o long_a time_n than_o in_o a_o stand_a posture_n the_o former_a be_v a_o alternate_a act_n of_o most_o of_o the_o muscle_n the_o latter_a a_o continue_a or_o tonic_n action_n of_o some_o few_o muscle_n only_o hence_o also_o we_o may_v be_v inform_v why_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o gravity_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n be_v sustain_v by_o one_o leg_n only_o in_o stand_v rather_o than_o with_o both_o at_o once_o and_o divers_a other_o phaenomena_n of_o which_o my_o time_n at_o present_a will_v not_o give_v leave_n so_o much_o as_o to_o make_v mention_n a_o the_o forehead-bone_n b_o the_o bregma_n c_o the_o temple-bone_n d_o the_o yoke-bone_n e_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o occiput_fw-la near_a e_z be_v the_o mammiform_a process_n f_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o upper-jaw_n g_o the_o low_a jawbone_n h_o the_o four_o bone_n of_o the_o upper-jaw_n which_o constitute_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o roof_n of_o the_o mouth_n i_o i_o i_o i_o i_o five_o of_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o uppermost_a arise_v from_o the_o second_o vertebra_n be_v short_a and_o double_a do_v not_o appear_v in_o this_o posture_n i_o i_o inferior_a the_o spines_n of_o the_o two_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_n or_o thorax_n k_o k_o etc._n etc._n the_o rest_n of_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_n l_o l_o those_o of_o the_o loin_n m_o the_o first_o rib._n n_o the_o scapula_n or_o shoulderblade_n n_o part_v of_o the_o clavicula_fw-la articulate_v to_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o scapula_n o_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o sternum_n or_o os_fw-la pectoris_fw-la p_o p_o etc._n etc._n the_o true_a rib_n q_o q_n some_o of_o the_o inferior_a or_o bastard_n rib_n r_o the_o o_o ilium_n s_o the_o sacrum_n t_o the_o ischium_n v_n the_o coccygis_fw-la w_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la x_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la or_o shoulder-bone_n y_fw-fr the_o ulna_fw-la z_o the_o radius_fw-la 1_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o hand_n 2_o the_o thigh-bone_n 3_o the_o patella_n 4_o the_o tibia_fw-la 5_o the_o fibula_fw-la 6_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o foot_n a_o particular_a description_n of_o each_o of_o these_o bone_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o follow_a table_n the_o eighty-ninth_a table_n this_o and_o the_o three_o follow_a table_n represent_v the_o bone_n of_o the_o skull_n and_o those_o of_o the_o upper_a and_o under_o jaw_n the_o bone_n which_o compose_v the_o skull_n be_v the_o ossa_fw-la frontis_fw-la sincipitis_fw-la occipilis_n temporum_fw-la sphenoide_v and_o cribriforme_a of_o these_o the_o four_o first_o be_v esteem_v proper_a to_o the_o skull_n the_o two_o latter_a be_v say_v to_o be_v common_a to_o the_o skull_n and_o upper_a jaw_n the_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a and_o under_o jaw_n will_v be_v
first_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n v_o v_n the_o four_o foramen_fw-la of_o the_o os_fw-mi cuneiforme_a vid._n fig._n 1._o i._o w_o part_v of_o the_o os_fw-mi cuneiforme_a next_z the_o aliform_a process_n x_o x_o the_o five_o foramen_fw-la of_o the_o os_fw-mi cuneiforme_a compose_v at_o the_o meeting_n of_o that_o bone_n with_o the_o os_fw-la petrosum_fw-la and_o forepart_n of_o the_o occipital-bone_n on_o both_o side_n y_fw-fr the_o six_z foramen_fw-la of_o the_o os_fw-mi cuneiforme_a at_o the_o root_n of_o the_o processus_n pterygoide_v by_o which_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o five_o pair_n of_o nerve_n pass_v out_o of_o the_o skull_n z_o z_o the_o foramina_fw-la of_o the_o ossa_fw-la temporum_fw-la by_o which_o the_o carotid_v artery_n first_o enter_v the_o basis_n of_o the_o skull_n fig._n 3._o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n a_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n whence_o the_o musculus_fw-la mylobyoideus_fw-la do_v arise_v b_o a_o large_a foramen_fw-la in_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n by_o which_o the_o blood-vessel_n and_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o five_o pair_n of_o nerve_n pass_v to_o the_o tooth_n fig._n 1._o b._n the_o external_n foramina_fw-la of_o this_o bone_n by_o which_o the_o branch_n of_o those_o vessel_n pass_v out_o of_o the_o bone_n again_o to_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o li_n c_o a_o foreshortened_a appearance_n of_o the_o processus_n coronae_fw-la of_o the_o low_a jaw_n call_v the_o short_a process_n d_o e_o the_o head_n of_o the_o long_a process_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n call_v condylus_n which_o be_v articulate_v with_o the_o os_fw-la temporum_fw-la by_o the_o mediation_n of_o a_o move_a cartilege_n vid._n app._n fig._n 8._o t_o s_o f_o the_o ceruix_fw-la or_o neck_n of_o the_o long_a process_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n fig._n 4._o the_o tooth_n of_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a jaw_n of_o one_o side_n only_o when_o take_v out_o of_o their_o alveoli_n or_o socket_n a_o a_o etc._n etc._n the_o dentes_fw-la incisores_fw-la b_o b_o the_o canini_n c_z c_z etc._n etc._n the_o molares_fw-la fig._n 5._o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n in_o which_o the_o alveoli_n or_o socket_n after_o the_o extraction_n of_o the_o tooth_n be_v represent_v a_o the_o processus_n coronae_fw-la to_o which_o the_o temporal_a muscle_n be_v fix_v b_o the_o processus_n condylus_n c_o c_o the_o alveoli_n or_o socket_n of_o the_o tooth_n fig._n 6._o a_o a_o etc._n etc._n divers_a tooth_n break_v or_o divide_v various_o to_o show_v their_o internal_a cavity_n or_o sinus_n fig._n 7._o one_o of_o the_o grind_n tooth_n in_o like_a manner_n break_v to_o exhibit_v its_o internal_a structure_n figure_v much_o big_a than_o the_o life_n a_o the_o external_n stony_n part._n b_o the_o bony_a striae_fw-la of_o the_o tooth_n divest_v of_o its_o stony_a cortex_fw-la c_o the_o internal_a bony_a part_n of_o the_o tooth_n become_v more_o porous_a as_o it_o approach_n its_o middle_a cavity_n d_o the_o middle_a cavity_n or_o hollow_a of_o the_o tooth_n cover_v with_o a_o membrane_n on_o which_o the_o blood-vessel_n and_o nerve_n of_o the_o tooth_n be_v distribute_v by_o which_o the_o tooth_n derive_v the_o matter_n which_o make_v it_o germinate_a and_o repair_v that_o loss_n it_o sustain_v by_o frequent_a use_n on_o its_o cortical_a or_o stony_a part_n thus_o when_o one_o tooth_n be_v want_v in_o either_o jaw_n the_o opposite_a tooth_n grow_v long_a for_o want_v of_o its_o resistance_n in_o mastication_n when_o this_o internal_a membrane_n within_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tooth_n be_v expose_v through_o the_o break_v away_o of_o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o tooth_n it_o be_v most_o exquisite_o sensible_a to_o the_o touch_n of_o any_o hard_a body_n or_o cold_a liquor_n and_o very_o frequent_o a_o carnous_a fungus_n will_v arise_v from_o it_o in_o these_o case_n the_o draw_v out_o of_o the_o tooth_n be_v the_o best_a remedy_n e_o the_o external_n membrane_n lie_v on_o that_o part_n of_o the_o tooth_n within_o the_o socket_n or_o alveolus_n they_o who_o doubt_v of_o the_o existence_n of_o such_o a_o membrane_n may_v be_v satisfy_v therein_o after_o a_o tooth_n be_v draw_v from_o a_o live_n or_o late_o dead_a body_n and_o lay_v in_o water_n for_o some_o day_n this_o membrane_n will_v be_v very_o conspicuous_a even_o to_o the_o naked_a eye_n f_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o tooth_n g_z the_o apex_n of_o one_o of_o its_o root_n where_o the_o blood-vessel_n arise_v from_o the_o parietes_fw-la of_o the_o alveolus_n or_o socket_n be_v express_v run_v into_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o lie_v within_o the_o alveolus_n fig._n 8._o the_o stony_a part_n of_o the_o tooth_n of_o a_o foetus_fw-la which_o lie_v within_o the_o jawbone_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o periostium_fw-la as_o appear_v in_o the_o dissection_n i_o sometime_o since_o make_v of_o a_o humane_a foetus_fw-la vid._n tab._n 101._o l_o l._n a_o a_o the_o stony_a capsula_fw-la of_o one_o of_o the_o dentes_fw-la incisores_fw-la b_o b_o that_o of_o the_o caninus_n c_o c_o etc._n etc._n the_o superior_a stony_a part_n of_o the_o dentes_fw-la molares_fw-la in_o a_o foetus_fw-la fig._n 9_o the_o os_fw-la hyoide_n or_o bone_n of_o the_o tongue_n together_o with_o two_o process_n of_o the_o scutiformal_a cartilege_n a_o the_o middle_a bone_n of_o the_o os_fw-mi hyoide_n b_o it_o be_v superior_a part_n next_o the_o tongue_n c_o its_o internal_a concave_a part_n towards_o the_o fauces_fw-la d_o part_v of_o the_o superior_a long_a process_n of_o the_o scutiformal_a cartilege_n of_o the_o left_a side_n loose_o tie_v to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o os_fw-mi hyoide_n of_o the_o same_o side_n that_o of_o the_o right_a side_n be_v not_o letter_v in_o this_o figure_n e_o one_o of_o the_o two_o lateral_a bone_n which_o help_v to_o compose_v the_o os_fw-mi hyoide_n the_o ninety-third_a table_n from_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o head_n we_o pass_v to_o those_o which_o support_v it_o and_o the_o trunk_n of_o of_o the_o body_n viz._n the_o bone_n of_o the_o neck_n back_o loin_n os_fw-la sacrum_n and_o coccygis_fw-la all_o these_o together_o have_v general_o obtain_v the_o name_n of_o spina_n since_o it_o be_v necessary_a the_o head_n and_o trunk_n of_o the_o body_n shall_v be_v various_o move_v it_o be_v therefore_o requisite_a their_o supporter_n shall_v not_o consist_v of_o one_o bone_n only_o but_o that_o it_o shall_v be_v divide_v into_o many_o which_o be_v call_v vertebra_n of_o these_o there_o be_v reckon_v twenty-four_a viz._n seven_o of_o the_o neck_n twelve_o of_o the_o back_n and_o five_o of_o the_o loin_n in_o some_o subject_n we_o have_v find_v but_o six_o vertebra_n belong_v to_o the_o neck_n in_o another_o we_o find_v thirteen_o of_o the_o thorax_n and_o as_o many_o rib_n as_o appear_v in_o a_o skeleton_n now_o hang_v in_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o anatomical_a theatre_n of_o the_o surgeon_n of_o london_n the_o like_a i_o do_v doubt_n may_v or_o have_v be_v observe_v of_o the_o loin_n the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o spine_n be_v compose_v of_o the_o o_o sacrum_n and_o coccygis_fw-la fig._n 1._o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n call_v atlas_n because_o it_o support_v the_o whole_a head_n a_o its_o forepart_n b_o its_o backpart_n want_v a_o spinal_a process_n cc_o it_o be_v transverse_a process_n perforate_v to_o transmit_v the_o cervical_a artery_n and_o vein_n d_o d_o two_o oval_a process_n who_o surface_n be_v smooth_a and_o cover_a with_o a_o cartilege_n which_o process_n move_n to_o either_o side_n on_o those_o of_o fig._n 3._o b_o b._n fig._n 2._o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n a_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o backpart_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n next_o the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la b_o the_o outside_o and_o forepart_n of_o the_o same_o vertebra_n c_o c_o two_o process_n who_o two_o shallow_a cavity_n be_v articulate_v with_o two_o somewhatâ—_n convext_a prominency_n of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la tab._n 92_o fig._n 2._o o_o o_o in_o which_o articulation_n the_o head_n be_v move_v in_o nod_v foreward_n backward_n and_o sideway_n d_o a_o sinus_n in_o the_o upper-part_n of_o this_o vertebra_n in_o which_o the_o contort_a trunk_n of_o one_o of_o the_o cervical_a artery_n pass_v towards_o the_o great_a foramen_fw-la of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la n._n b._n it_o be_v necessary_a the_o great_a foramen_fw-la of_o this_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n shall_v be_v much_o large_a than_o any_o of_o the_o inferior_a lest_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la shall_v be_v incommode_v in_o turn_v the_o head_n to_o one_o side_n in_o which_o action_n this_o first_o vertebra_n move_v with_o the_o head_n on_o the_o axis_n or_o toothlike_a process_n of_o the_o second_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n fig._n 3._o
several_a stage_n of_o proportion_n from_o child_n to_o those_o of_o a_o fullgrown_a state_n and_o old_a age_n to_o these_o we_o shall_v add_v the_o different_a proportion_n of_o man_n and_o woman_n and_o last_o the_o external_n appearance_n of_o the_o muscle_n and_o other_o part_n in_o divers_a action_n if_o a_o praeexistence_n of_o part_n in_o a_o embryo_n be_v allowable_a that_o at_o twenty_o five_o day_n after_o conception_n figure_v tab._n 57_o fig._n 3._o will_v incline_v we_o to_o believe_v the_o brain_n and_o whole_a head_n have_v a_o precedency_n since_o its_o magnitude_n than_o exceed_v the_o whole_a bulk_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n but_o as_o the_o time_n of_o the_o birth_n advance_v the_o head_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la do_v not_o common_o exceed_v a_o four_o part_n in_o its_o whole_a length_n the_o centre_n or_o middle_a part_n between_o the_o two_o extreme_n of_o the_o head_n and_o foot_n of_o a_o infant_n be_v in_o the_o navel_n but_o that_o of_o a_o adult_n in_o the_o ossa_fw-la pubis_fw-la and_o this_o proportion_n of_o divide_v child_n into_o four_o part_n whereof_o the_o head_n be_v one_o be_v common_o make_v use_n of_o by_o painter_n and_o sculptor_n etc._n etc._n a_o child_n two_o year_n old_a have_v about_o five_o head_n in_o its_o whole_a length_n but_o one_o of_o four_o or_o five_o year_n have_v about_o six_o thus_o measure_v by_o divide_v the_o whole_a body_n into_o so_o many_o length_n whereof_o the_o head_n must_v be_v one_o hence_o it_o appear_v as_o the_o growth_n of_o the_o body_n advance_v there_o be_v a_o gradual_a approach_n to_o the_o proportion_n of_o a_o adult_n of_o eight_o nine_o or_o ten_o face_n in_o the_o whole_a length_n there_o be_v many_o body_n in_o a_o fullgrown_a state_n which_o have_v not_o above_o four_o or_o five_o length_n or_o face_n but_o those_o be_v miscarriage_n in_o nature_n and_o therefore_o not_o subject_n of_o our_o present_a consideration_n about_o the_o fifteen_o or_o sixteen_o year_n seven_o face_n or_o length_n be_v then_o the_o proportion_n or_o measure_n and_o the_o centre_n incline_v towards_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o ossa_fw-la pubis_fw-la and_o though_o this_o proportion_n may_v serve_v indifferent_o for_o a_o short_a well-set_a thick_a person_n when_o the_o shoulder_n be_v broad_a and_o the_o limb_n thick_a and_o strong_a yet_o if_o on_o the_o contrary_a the_o shoulder_n be_v somewhat_o narrow_a and_o the_o limb_n slender_a it_o will_v represent_v a_o youth_n and_o however_o paradoxical_a it_o may_v seem_v at_o first_o yet_o a_o old_a woman_n or_o the_o goddess_n vesta_n will_v fall_v under_o this_o proportion_n of_o length_n through_o the_o bend_n forward_o of_o the_o back-bone_n and_o though_o the_o limb_n bear_v a_o proportion_n to_o one_o of_o eight_o or_o nine_o face_n yet_o they_o not_o be_v due_o extend_v for_o want_n of_o the_o vigorous_a action_n of_o the_o muscle_n render_v the_o appearance_n of_o the_o whole_a figure_n very_o short_a the_o ancient_n have_v common_o allow_v eight_o head_n to_o their_o figure_n say_v the_o author_n of_o the_o observation_n on_o mr._n du_n fresnoy_n art_n of_o paint_v make_v english_a by_o the_o incomparable_a mr._n dryden_n but_o we_o say_v he_o divide_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o humane_a body_n into_o ten_o face_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n to_o the_o sole_a of_o the_o foot_n in_o the_o follow_a manner_n n.b._n that_o this_o number_n of_o face_n depend_v on_o the_o age_n as_o above_o hint_v and_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n represent_v the_o apollo_n and_o venus_n de_fw-fr medici_n have_v more_o than_o ten_o face_n the_o first_o table_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n 1_o to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o forehead_n a_o be_v the_o three_o part_n of_o a_o face_n the_o face_n begin_v at_o the_o root_n of_o the_o low_a hair_n which_o be_v upon_o the_o forehead_n ab_fw-la and_o end_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o chin_n 1._o the_o face_n be_v divide_v into_o three_o proportionable_a part_n the_o first_o contain_v the_o forehead_n ab_fw-la the_o second_o the_o nose_n c_o and_o the_o three_o the_o mouth_n and_o chin_n ghi_n from_o the_o chin_n to_o the_o pit_n between_o the_o two_o coller-bone_n or_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o sternum_n be_v two_o length_n of_o a_o nose_n from_o the_o pit_n between_o the_o two_o coller-bone_n to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o breast_n call_v scrobiculus_n cordis_n n_o one_o face_n from_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o breast_n to_o the_o navel_n r_o one_o face_n the_o apollo_n have_v a_o nose_n more_o from_o the_o navel_n to_o the_o pudenda_fw-la saint_n one_o face_n but_o the_o apollo_n have_v half_o a_o nose_n more_o and_o the_o upper_a half_n of_o the_o venus_n de_fw-fr medici_n be_v to_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o belly_n and_o not_o to_o the_o privy_a part_n from_o the_o genitory_n or_o pudenda_fw-la to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o knee_n call_v the_o thigh_n w_n two_o face_n the_o knee_n contain_v half_o a_o face_n from_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o knee_n to_o the_o ankle_n call_v the_o leg_n two_o face_n from_o the_o ankle_n or_o malleolus_n internus_fw-la to_o the_o sole_a of_o the_o foot_n half_o a_o face_n a_o man_n when_o his_o arm_n be_v stretch_v out_o be_v from_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o long_a finger_n of_o his_o right_a hand_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o long_a of_o his_o left_a as_o broad_a as_o he_o be_v long_o from_o one_o side_n of_o the_o breast_n to_o the_o other_o below_o the_o pap_n m_o m_n two_o face_n the_o bone_n of_o the_o arm_v call_v humerus_fw-la be_v the_o length_n of_o two_o face_n from_o its_o conjunction_n with_o the_o shoulderblade_n to_o the_o elbow_n here_o we_o think_v our_o author_n be_v mistake_v for_o if_o you_o allow_v two_o face_n to_o that_o part_n of_o the_o arm_n between_o the_o shoulder_n and_o bend_n of_o the_o cubit_n and_o two_o more_o from_o the_o elbow_n to_o the_o root_n of_o the_o little_a finger_n when_o the_o finger_n contain_v half_a a_o face_n and_o the_o distance_n between_o the_o point_n of_o the_o shoulder_n and_o pit_n of_o the_o throat_n a_o whole_a face_n you_o will_v make_v five_o face_n and_o half_n on_o each_o side_n or_o half_a length_n which_o amount_v to_o eleven_o face_n in_o the_o whole_a but_o if_o you_o add_v to_o this_o what_o he_o say_v afterward_o that_o the_o box_n of_o the_o elbow_n with_o the_o humerus_fw-la and_o of_o the_o humerus_fw-la with_o the_o shoulderblade_n bear_v a_o proportion_n of_o half_a a_o face_n when_o the_o arm_n be_v stretch_v out_o then_o the_o whole_a distance_n between_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o two_o middle_a finger_n when_o the_o arm_n be_v so_o extend_v will_v amount_v to_o eleven_o face_n and_o a_o half_n wherefore_o we_o think_v the_o account_n may_v stand_v correct_v thus_o from_o the_o pit_n of_o the_o throat_n to_o the_o top_n of_o the_o shoulder_n or_o extremity_n of_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o scapula_n one_o face_n from_o thence_o to_o the_o bend_n of_o the_o cubit_n or_o elbow_n one_o face_n and_o a_o half_a thence_o again_o to_o the_o wrist_n one_o face_n and_o a_o nose_n the_o hand_n with_o the_o finger_n extend_v contain_v one_o face_n hence_o it_o follow_v that_o four_o face_n a_o nose_n and_o half_o a_o face_n be_v the_o distance_n between_o the_o throat_n pit_n and_o extremity_n of_o the_o middle_a finger_n which_o upon_o extension_n of_o the_o whole_a arm_n etc._n etc._n will_v amount_v to_o five_o face_n or_o rather_o more_o than_o less_o the_o sole_a of_o the_o foot_n be_v the_o six_o part_n of_o the_o whole_a figure_n say_v our_o author_n but_o the_o foot_n ought_v not_o to_o exceed_v a_o face_n and_o a_o nose_n in_o length_n as_o for_o the_o breadth_n of_o the_o limb_n no_o precise_a measure_n can_v be_v give_v because_o the_o measure_n themselves_o be_v not_o only_o changeable_a according_a to_o the_o quality_n of_o the_o person_n but_o according_a to_o the_o movement_n of_o the_o muscle_n a_o man_n be_v two_o length_n or_o face_n from_o the_o point_n of_o each_o shoulder_n that_o be_v to_o say_v from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o sternum_fw-la between_o the_o claviculae_fw-la call_v the_o pit_n of_o the_o throat_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o scapula_n call_v the_o top_n of_o the_o shoulder_n one_o length_n and_o so_o on_o the_o other_o side_n the_o breadth_n of_o the_o hip_n of_o a_o man_n be_v one_o length_n and_o a_o half_n that_o be_v from_o the_o great_a trochanter_n of_o the_o thigh_n bone_n of_o one_o side_n to_o that_o of_o the_o other_o the_o precise_a place_n of_o which_o bone_n be_v intersect_v by_o a_o horizontal_n line_n draw_v from_o the_o pubes_fw-la to_o each_o side_n k_o the_o pomum_fw-la adami_n
that_o case_n ought_v to_o observe_v least_o in_o too_o bold_o thrust_v in_o his_o knife_n to_o divide_v the_o contract_a part_n he_o also_o wound_v this_o large_a blood-vessel_n and_o the_o flux_n of_o blood_n prove_v destructive_a to_o the_o patient_n for_o though_o its_o flux_n may_v easy_o be_v restrain_v outward_o yet_o the_o vein_n lie_v in_o so_o large_a a_o interstice_n defend_v by_o the_o clavicle_n and_o adjacent_a muscle_n the_o blood_n will_v nevertheless_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o vessel_n between_o the_o muscle_n and_o neighbour_a part_n when_o such_o a_o mischief_n be_v do_v we_o ought_v to_o divide_v the_o external_n integument_n large_o and_o clear_v the_o part_n of_o the_o coagulate_v blood_n and_o apply_v a_o moderate_a compress_v on_o the_o wound_a vessel_n a_o instance_n of_o which_o practice_n we_o have_v once_o occasion_n to_o make_v in_o a_o wound_n between_o the_o pectoral_a and_o deltoid_a muscle_n immediate_o under_o the_o clavicula_fw-la where_o the_o subclavian_n vein_n be_v wound_v in_o such_o like_a case_n how_o can_v those_o ignorant_a in_o anatomy_n practice_n without_o fear_n and_o tremble_v t_o the_o carotid_n artery_n v._o a_o large_a vein_n proceed_v from_o the_o thyroide_v gland_n to_o the_o ramus_n subclavius_n w_o the_o glandula_n sublingualis_fw-la lie_v immediate_o under_o the_o musculus_fw-la mylohyoideus_n the_o sixteen_o table_n the_o external_n muscle_n which_o move_v the_o head_n as_o they_o appear_v on_o the_o backpart_n the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o cucularis_fw-la be_v take_v off_o and_o some_o muscle_n of_o the_o shoulderblade_n and_o thorax_n raise_v and_o recline_v lateral_o a_o a_o the_o musculus_fw-la splenius_n in_fw-la situ_fw-la b_o b_o &_o &_o it_o be_v partly_o tendinous_a and_o partly_o fleshy_a origination_n from_o the_o five_o or_o six_o spines_n of_o the_o superior_a vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n the_o low_a part_n of_o this_o muscle_n appear_v in_o most_o subject_n distinct_a from_o its_o superior_a and_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o three_o four_o and_o five_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n as_o be_v express_v at_o e_o e_o e._n c_o c_o etc._n etc._n the_o origination_n of_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o splenius_n from_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o inferior_a vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n d_o d_o its_o fleshy_a termination_n at_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la e_o e_o the_o splenius_n on_o the_o left_a side_n raise_v and_o recline_v lateral_o e_fw-la e_fw-es e_fw-es it_o be_v three_o sometime_o four_o tendinous_a termination_n insert_v to_o as_o many_o of_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o neck_n anatomist_n have_v err_v in_o reckon_v the_o splenii_fw-la among_o the_o proper_a muscle_n of_o the_o head_n since_o they_o be_v also_o implant_v to_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n wherefore_o they_o be_v to_o be_v esteem_v as_o common_a to_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n so_o that_o if_o either_o of_o they_o act_n it_o draw_v the_o head_n together_o with_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n to_o which_o it_o be_v insert_v to_o that_o side_n backward_o if_o they_o both_o act_n they_o pull_v the_o head_n direct_o backward_o together_o with_o those_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n f_o g_o h_n etc._n etc._n the_o complexus_fw-la implicatus_fw-la or_o tergeminus_fw-la on_o both_o side_n in_o situ_fw-la the_o leave_v be_v lay_v bare_a h_n h_n it_o be_v partly_o tendinous_a and_o partly_o fleshy_a origin_n from_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n which_o become_v still_o more_o fleshy_a in_o its_o ascent_n f_o g_o and_o be_v so_o insert_v to_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la i_o ay_o immediate_o under_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o splenius_n d_o d._n f_o f_o a_o part_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la complexus_fw-la insert_v to_o the_o processus_n mammiformis_fw-la and_o be_v by_o fallopius_n describe_v as_o a_o distinct_a muscle_n but_o to_o avoid_v confusion_n and_o multiply_v the_o number_n of_o muscle_n we_o have_v hitherto_o look_v on_o it_o as_o not_o perfect_o distinct_a have_v in_o some_o subject_n find_v it_o inseparable_o join_v with_o the_o other_o part_n of_o the_o complexus_fw-la either_o of_o these_o complexi_fw-la act_v draw_v the_o head_n to_o the_o same_o side_n backward_o if_o they_o both_o act_n they_o draw_v it_o direct_o backward_o k_o the_o serratus_fw-la superior_n posticus_fw-la raise_v l_o the_o rhomboide_n in_o like_a manner_n raise_v and_o recline_v lateral_o m_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o longissimus_fw-la dorsi_fw-la and_o sacrolumbalis_n n_o the_o musculus_fw-la levator_fw-la scapulae_fw-la partly_o appear_v the_o seventeen_o table_n several_a muscle_n of_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n lie_v under_o those_o represent_v in_o the_o precedent_a table_n a_o the_o musculus_fw-la rectus_n major_n posticus_fw-la dissect_v from_o its_o insertion_n at_o the_o occiput_fw-la d_o on_o the_o left_a side_n and_o hang_v down_o from_o its_o origination_n at_o the_o double_a spine_n of_o the_o second_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n b_o the_o same_o muscle_n in_o situ_fw-la on_o the_o right_a side_n c_o c_o e_o the_o rectus_n minor_n posticus_fw-la on_o the_o left_a side_n lay_v bare_a and_o remain_v in_o situ_fw-la on_o the_o right_a side_n it_o be_v partly_o hide_v by_o the_o rectus_n major_n d_o d_o the_o insertion_n of_o the_o recti_fw-la minores_fw-la to_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la they_o derive_v their_o origination_n from_o the_o backpart_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o not_o from_o any_o condyliform_a process_n of_o that_o vertebra_n as_o bidloo_n discribe_v they_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n not_o only_o want_v such_o a_o process_n but_o be_v constant_o without_o any_o process_n in_o that_o part_n as_o have_v be_v take_v notice_n of_o by_o most_o if_o not_o all_o anatomist_n those_o recti_fw-la minores_fw-la pull_v the_o head_n backward_o on_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o from_o their_o use_n may_v be_v call_v renuentes_fw-la or_o nodder_n backward_o and_o be_v antagonist_n to_o a_o small_a pair_n of_o muscle_n in_o the_o forepart_n of_o a_o right_a position_n also_o to_o distinguish_v which_o from_o these_o we_o call_v they_o recti_fw-la minores_fw-la antici_n and_o annuentes_fw-la from_o their_o use_n of_o which_o we_o shall_v add_v a_o figure_n in_o our_o appendix_n f_o f_o the_o obliqui_fw-la inferiores_fw-la that_o of_o the_o right_a side_n remain_v in_o situ_fw-la the_o leave_v be_v free_v from_o its_o insertion_n and_o remain_v at_o its_o origin_n either_o of_o they_o arise_v from_o one_o of_o the_o double_a spinal_a process_n of_o the_o second_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o after_o a_o oblique_a ascent_n be_v insert_v to_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n when_o either_o of_o these_o inferior_a oblique_a muscle_n act_n it_o draw_v the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n near_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o second_o and_o the_o head_n by_o consequence_n be_v move_v to_o the_o same_o side_n and_o be_v very_o much_o assist_v by_o the_o mastoideus_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n of_o which_o in_o the_o follow_a table_n if_o both_o act_n they_o conspire_v to_o hold_v the_o head_n more_o stable_a g_o h_n the_o obliqui_fw-la superiores_fw-la that_o of_o the_o right_a side_n remain_v in_o situ_fw-la g_z the_o leave_v be_v cut_v from_o its_o implantation_n at_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la and_o leave_v at_o its_o origin_n at_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n though_o these_o superior_a oblique_a muscle_n perform_v the_o same_o office_n with_o the_o recti_fw-la majores_fw-la last_v treat_v of_o when_o the_o head_n be_v in_o a_o erect_a position_n in_o pull_v it_o direct_o backward_o yet_o in_o regard_n it_o be_v necessary_a the_o head_n shall_v be_v move_v also_o backward_o at_o the_o same_o time_n it_o be_v turn_v to_o one_o side_n it_o be_v a_o argument_n of_o a_o considerable_a council_n of_o the_o author_n of_o nature_n to_o add_v these_o and_o the_o recti_fw-la minores_fw-la to_o act_n at_o that_o time_n since_o the_o recti_fw-la majores_fw-la be_v then_o so_o extend_v by_o that_o rotation_n of_o the_o head_n that_o they_o can_v well_v act._n i_o i_o a_o asperity_n of_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o occiput_fw-la where_o the_o musculi_fw-la splenii_fw-la and_o complexi_fw-la terminate_v k_o k_o the_o under_o sides_n of_o the_o musculi_fw-la complexi_fw-la as_o they_o appear_v when_o raise_v and_o recline_v lateral_o the_o great_a part_n of_o that_o of_o the_o right_a side_n be_v cut_v off_o l_o part_n of_o the_o longissimus_fw-la dorsi_fw-la and_o sacrolumbales_n m_o n_o the_o musculus_fw-la spinalis_fw-la colli_n this_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o all_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o neck_n except_o the_o first_o and_o second_o and_o be_v insert_v after_o a_o oblique_a ascend_v progress_n to_o the_o inferior_a margin_n of_o
the_o backpart_n of_o the_o second_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n as_o it_o be_v here_o express_v on_o the_o right_a side_n this_o and_o its_o partner_n act_v draw_v the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n direct_o backward_o o_o o_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n p_o p_o the_o musculi_fw-la interspinales_fw-la of_o which_o in_o our_o appendix_n q_o the_o elevator_fw-la scapulae_fw-la the_o eighteen_o table_n divers_a muscle_n of_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n which_o appear_v in_o the_o forepart_n after_o the_o lower-jaw_n tongue_n larynx_n aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la and_o gula_fw-la be_v remove_v a_o a_o the_o musculi_fw-la longi_fw-la colli_n which_o arise_v partly_o tendinous_a but_o chief_o fleshy_a from_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o five_o superior_a vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n and_o after_o a_o dilatation_n in_o the_o middle_a of_o their_o progress_n to_o fleshy_a belly_n they_o be_v insert_v in_o like_a manner_n as_o they_o begin_v to_o the_o forepart_n of_o all_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n these_o may_v be_v call_v flexores_fw-la colli_n from_o their_o use._n b_o b_o the_o three_o scaleni_n in_o situ_fw-la the_o first_o of_o these_o muscle_n arise_v fleshy_a from_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o second_o third_z and_o four_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o descend_v oblique_o foreward_n become_v tendinous_a at_o its_o insertion_n to_o the_o first_o rib_n the_o axilary_n nerve_n pass_v between_o this_o and_o the_o follow_v scalenus_n secundus_fw-la in_o like_a manner_n spring_v from_o the_o second_o third_z four_o and_o five_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o second_o and_o sometime_o three_o rib._n scalenus_n tertius_fw-la arise_v from_o the_o same_o transverse_a process_n with_o the_o former_a as_o also_o from_o the_o five_o and_o six_o and_o be_v soon_o implant_v into_o the_o first_o rib._n i_o i_o the_o masâ—oidei_n which_o arise_v partly_o tendinous_a and_o partly_o fleshy_a from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la pectoris_fw-la or_o sternum_fw-la and_o near_o half_a the_o clavicula_fw-la m_o with_o two_o and_o sometime_o three_o distinct_a beginning_n as_o in_o this_o subject_a k_o k_o k_o which_o ascend_v oblique_o and_o join_v in_o half_a their_o progress_n compose_v a_o somewhat_o round_o thick_a fleshy_a muscle_n and_o march_v over_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la elevator_fw-la scapulae_fw-la become_v broad_a again_o and_o tendinous_a at_o its_o implantation_n to_o the_o backpart_n of_o the_o processus_n mammillaris_fw-la and_o the_o adjoin_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la above_o the_o implantation_n of_o part_n of_o the_o splenius_n the_o origin_n progress_n and_o insertion_n of_o this_o muscle_n not_o be_v due_o consider_v have_v lead_v anatomist_n into_o error_n concern_v its_o use_n for_o if_o this_o muscle_n act_v on_o either_o side_n the_o mammillary_n process_n on_o the_o same_o side_n be_v bring_v towards_o a_o right_a position_n with_o its_o original_a at_o the_o sternum_n and_o the_o head_n be_v turn_v to_o the_o contrary_a side_n and_o this_o action_n of_o it_o be_v common_o well_o express_v by_o painter_n but_o shall_v it_o more_o and_o more_o contract_n it_o will_v draw_v the_o head_n to_o one_o side_n foreward_n as_o we_o see_v in_o wry_a neck_n common_o so_o call_v where_o one_o of_o these_o muscle_n remain_v contract_v but_o if_o they_o both_o act_n together_o the_o head_n be_v rather_o pull_v back_o than_o foreward_n by_o how_o much_o their_o insertion_n be_v rather_o behind_o the_o mammillary_n process_n than_o upon_o they_o which_o process_n be_v e_fw-la diametro_fw-la opposite_a to_o the_o articulation_n of_o the_o head_n with_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n l_o l_o the_o recti_fw-la interni_fw-la majores_fw-la antici_n by_o some_o call_v par_n rectum_fw-la internum_n colli_n say_v bidloo_n we_o have_v elsewhere_o call_v they_o flexores_fw-la capitis_fw-la from_o their_o use_n they_o arise_v partly_o fleshy_a but_o chief_o tendinous_a from_o the_o forepart_n of_o all_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n except_o the_o first_o and_o second_o become_v fleshy_a be_v insert_v to_o the_o anterior_a appendix_n of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la before_o the_o great_a foramen_fw-la that_o transmits_n the_o medulla_n oblongata_fw-la they_o be_v employ_v in_o bend_v the_o head_n foreward_n m_o m_o the_o claviculae_fw-la o_o the_o uuula_fw-la p_o p_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o nineteen_o table_n fig._n 1_o 2._o one_o of_o the_o mammae_fw-la or_o breast_n of_o both_o sex_n some_o distinguish_v they_o by_o their_o denomination_n call_v that_o of_o a_o woman_n fig._n 1._o mamma_n and_o that_o of_o a_o man_n fig._n 2._o mammilla_n we_o common_o call_v they_o the_o breast_n but_o in_o woman_n dug_n a_o a_o a_o portion_n of_o the_o skin_n raise_v and_o pin_v out_o to_o show_v its_o inside_n b_o b_o the_o protuberant_a part_n of_o the_o breast_n of_o both_o sex_n in_o which_o that_o of_o the_o woman_n exceed_v that_o of_o a_o man._n c_o c_o the_o papillae_fw-la or_o nipple_n the_o difference_n in_o the_o magnitude_n of_o which_o be_v very_o conspicuous_a d_o d_o the_o areolae_n who_o difference_n be_v here_o very_a well_o express_v between_o the_o man_n and_o the_o woman_n as_o they_o appear_v to_o the_o naked_a eye_n e_o e_o the_o glandule_n of_o the_o mamma_n f_o f_o the_o plexu_n of_o blood-vessel_n and_o lactiferous_a duct_n lie_v between_o each_o glandulous_a protuberance_n g_o g_o divers_n sacculi_fw-la adiposi_fw-la lie_v on_o the_o last_o mention_v vessel_n and_o duct_n between_o the_o mammary_n glandule_n h_o h_n the_o adipose_n membrane_n pin_v out_o fig._n 3._o the_o papilla_fw-la and_o areola_n of_o a_o woman_n breast_n view_v with_o a_o microscope_n and_o represent_v six_o time_n big_a than_o the_o life_n a_o the_o head_n or_o top_n of_o the_o papilla_fw-la b_o its_o glandulous_a membrane_n c_o c_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o lactiferous_a vessel_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o papilla_fw-la d_o d_o the_o areola_n e_o it_o be_v rough_a membrane_n the_o areola_n in_o virgin_n be_v of_o a_o pale_a colour_n and_o somewhat_o hard_a in_o those_o with_o child_n and_o give_v suck_v it_o be_v brown_a and_o in_o old_a woman_n blackish_a f_o the_o papillary_a protuberance_n of_o the_o areola_n from_o each_o of_o which_o a_o hair_n proceed_v g_o g_o some_z vestigiae_fw-la of_o the_o lactiferous_a tube_n in_o their_o progress_n from_o the_o mamma_n through_o the_o areola_n to_o the_o papilla_fw-la fig._n 4_o the_o papilla_fw-la of_o a_o woman_n breast_n in_o like_a manner_n express_v with_o the_o assistance_n of_o a_o microscope_n a_o a_o the_o external_n glandulous_a membrane_n of_o the_o papilla_fw-la separate_v and_o expanded_a b_o b_o divers_a gland_n of_o the_o papilla_fw-la cleave_v to_o its_o membrane_n c_o c_o the_o lactiferous_a tube_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o artery_n within_o the_o mamma_n in_o their_o way_n to_o their_o orifice_n in_o the_o top_n of_o the_o papilla_fw-la c_o c_o fig._n 3_o d_o d_o the_o gland_n of_o the_o papilla_fw-la who_o secretory_a duct_n discharge_v their_o content_n into_o the_o last_o mention_v lactiferous_a tube_n to_o examine_v the_o papilla_fw-la or_o nipple_n the_o follow_a method_n may_v be_v practise_v insert_v a_o blow-pipe_n into_o one_o of_o the_o large_a of_o the_o lactiferous_a tube_n on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o nipple_n c_o c_o fig._n 3._o and_o after_o make_v a_o straight_a ligature_n on_o the_o nipple_n and_o blow-pipe_n you_o may_v blow_v up_o all_o the_o lactiferous_a tube_n of_o the_o mamma_n through_o their_o communication_n with_o each_o other_o before_o they_o approach_v the_o nipple_n figure_v by_o nuck_n adenog_n curiosa_fw-la fig._n 11._o fol._n 15._o all_o the_o lactiferous_a tube_n of_o the_o mamma_n be_v thus_o extend_v with_o wind_n those_o part_n of_o they_o which_o help_n to_o compose_v the_o papilla_fw-la c_o c_o together_o with_o their_o extremity_n within_o the_o gland_n d_o d_o be_v very_o much_o extend_v make_v a_o straight_a ligature_n on_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o nipple_n next_o the_o breast_n then_o cut_v off_o the_o nipple_n from_o the_o breast_n and_o dry_v it_o and_o afterward_o by_o cut_v it_o various_o you_o may_v easy_o examine_v its_o structure_n by_o these_o mean_v the_o nipple_n appear_v to_o be_v compose_v of_o a_o double_a series_n of_o fibres_n the_o one_o somewhat_o large_a the_o other_o less_o both_o of_o a_o net-like_a disposition_n be_v full_a of_o perforation_n of_o divers_a form_n the_o like_a of_o which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v find_v in_o other_o part_n of_o the_o body_n say_v nuck_v in_o his_o tract_n above_o mention_v to_o this_o add_v a_o vast_a number_n of_o blood-vessel_n which_o every_o where_o adorn_v the_o papilla_fw-la hence_o a_o account_n may_v
of_o the_o uterus_fw-la be_v here_o remarkable_a its_o blood-vessel_n as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o the_o placenta_n not_o only_o germinate_v but_o inosculate_a with_o each_o other_o as_o be_v above_o note_a e_o e_o the_o proper_a integument_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la viz._n the_o muscle_n and_o peritonaeum_fw-la in_o like_a manner_n divide_v f_o the_o foetus_fw-la lie_v within_o the_o transparent_a membrane_n call_v amnios_n g_o the_o amnios_n entire_a h_o the_o umbilical_a rope_n arise_v from_o the_o placenta_n and_o pass_v to_o the_o navel_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la its_o progress_n be_v various_a sometime_o it_o march_v over_o the_o right_a shoulder_n sometime_o over_o the_o leave_v close_o to_o the_o neck_n at_o other_o time_n it_o ascend_v towards_o the_o breast_n whence_o it_o be_v again_o reflect_v to_o the_o back_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la and_o thence_o to_o the_o navel_n though_o the_o blood-vessel_n of_o the_o umbilical_a rope_n be_v dispose_a in_o the_o best_a manner_n vid._n tab._n 60.62_o fig._n 5._o to_o avoid_v their_o be_v compress_v in_o any_o contort_a position_n yet_o it_o sometime_o happen_v either_o through_o the_o shortness_n of_o the_o umbilical_a rope_n as_o in_o the_o case_n mention_v by_o hildanus_n cent._n ii_o obseru._n li._n or_o by_o the_o great_a struggle_v of_o the_o foetus_fw-la in_o utero_fw-la that_o it_o be_v so_o compress_v that_o the_o blood_n can_v pass_v in_o its_o vessel_n in_o which_o case_n if_o a_o abortion_n do_v not_o happen_v or_o if_o it_o be_v at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o partus_fw-la and_o the_o birth_n do_v not_o present_o follow_v the_o dead_a foetus_fw-la with_o its_o secondine_n be_v retain_v in_o the_o uterus_fw-la and_o if_o the_o mother_n survive_v they_o do_v gradual_o putrify_v and_o come_v away_o as_o appear_v in_o the_o history_n of_o a_o case_n very_o well_o attest_v in_o the_o excellent_a work_n of_o the_o above_o mention_v author_n where_o the_o bone_n with_o part_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o limb_n be_v take_v out_o near_o the_o navel_n of_o the_o mother_n some_o month_n after_o the_o secondine_n gradual_o come_v away_o at_o she_o pudendum_fw-la a_o like_a instance_n be_v late_o communicate_v to_o i_o by_o the_o ingenious_a mr._n dale_n the_o apothecary_n who_o be_v a_o eye-witness_n of_o it_o in_o a_o woman_n in_o the_o country_n where_o he_o live_v i_o k_n l_o m_o n_o o_o p_o the_o foetus_fw-la lie_v in_o the_o vterus_fw-la in_o its_o natural_a posture_n the_o posture_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la in_o the_o uterus_fw-la vary_v very_o much_o especial_o towards_o the_o time_n of_o the_o partus_fw-la this_o order_n of_o it_o be_v then_o inver_v the_o head_n at_o that_o time_n be_v downward_o towards_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o womb._n in_o the_o most_o easy_a birth_n the_o face_n be_v turn_v towards_o the_o back-bone_n or_o os_fw-la sacrum_n if_o any_o part_n beside_o the_o head_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la offer_v itself_o first_o except_o both_o leg_n together_o the_o birth_n prove_v laborious_a and_o sometime_o very_o dangerous_a wherefore_o the_o operator_n in_o such_o a_o case_n be_v oblige_v if_o possible_a to_o reduce_v those_o part_n and_o turn_v the_o foetus_fw-la to_o the_o most_o natural_a order_n that_o can_v be_v the_o fifty-seventh_a table_n a_o a_o b_o b_o divers_a egg_n of_o a_o different_a size_n take_v from_o the_o ovaria_n of_o a_o maid_n fig._n 2._o a_o egg_n impregnate_v in_o which_o the_o branch_n and_o plexus_fw-la of_o divers_a blood-vessel_n appear_v fig._n 3._o a_o foetus_fw-la with_o its_o secondine_n twenty-five_a day_n after_o conception_n in_o which_o the_o rudimerit_n of_o all_o the_o limb_n appear_v a_o a_o the_o placenta_fw-la uterina_fw-la b_o the_o chorion_n c_o the_o urinary_a membrane_n according_a to_o bidloo_n d_o the_o amnios_n open_v e_o the_o umbilical_a rope_n between_o the_o placenta_n and_o foetus_fw-la f_o the_o foetus_fw-la fig._n 4._o a_o foetus_fw-la forty_o day_n after_o conception_n in_o which_o all_o the_o external_n part_n appear_v distinct._n fig._n 5._o a_o masculine_a foetus_fw-la about_o two_o month_n and_o a_o half_n after_o conception_n in_o which_o the_o magnitude_n of_o the_o head_n in_o proportion_n to_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n be_v remarkable_a the_o conformation_n of_o the_o bone_n at_o that_o time_n may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o 100_o tab._n fig._n 3_o 4._o fig._n 6._o a_o abortive_a three_o month_n after_o conception_n or_o there_o about_o dry_v so_o that_o the_o connection_n of_o its_o bone_n may_v be_v see_v in_o divers_a part_n fig._n 7._o a_o foetus_fw-la of_o eight_o month_n take_v out_o of_o the_o uterus_fw-la together_o with_o its_o placenta_n etc._n etc._n a_o a_o male_a foetus_fw-la who_o hand_n be_v contract_v and_o foot_n contort_a inward_o b_o c_o d_o the_o umbilical_a rope_n continue_v in_o its_o wont_a progress_n between_o the_o foetus_fw-la and_o placenta_fw-la e_o e_o the_o chorion_n cover_v the_o internal_a concave_a surface_n of_o the_o placenta_n and_o its_o arboreous_a ramification_n of_o blood-vessel_n derive_v from_o the_o umbilical_a rope_n f_o part_v of_o the_o urinary_a membrane_n g_o part_v of_o the_o ammio_n h_o a_o portion_n of_o the_o chorion_n the_o fifty-eighth_a table_n a_o show_v the_o external_n convext_a surface_n of_o the_o placenta_fw-la uterina_fw-la free_v from_o the_o vterus_fw-la the_o placenta_n be_v compose_v of_o blood-vessel_n of_o both_o kind_n derive_v from_o the_o mother_n and_o foetus_fw-la which_o frame_v glandulous_a body_n and_o fibre_n to_o which_o divers_a succiferous_a duct_n be_v insert_v say_v bidloo_n these_o succiferous_a tube_n and_o gland_n i_o must_v confess_v never_o yet_o occur_v to_o my_o observation_n in_o dissection_n nor_o do_v i_o at_o present_a know_v who_o beside_o professor_n bidloo_n mention_n they_o here_o he_o only_o name_v they_o among_o other_o vessel_n of_o the_o placenta_n and_o in_o tab._n 66._o he_o represent_v divers_a succiferous_a duct_n in_o the_o umbilical_a rope_n nor_o do_v he_o any_o where_o mention_n what_o juice_n these_o duct_n of_o the_o placenta_n carry_v or_o those_o of_o the_o umbilical_a rope_n wherefore_o i_o shall_v here_o venture_v to_o add_v my_o conjecture_n and_o so_o proceed_v if_o any_o liquor_n transcolate_v by_o gland_n of_o the_o placenta_n be_v convey_v towards_o the_o foetus_fw-la it_o be_v most_o likely_a that_o contain_v in_o the_o amnio_n and_o though_o we_o have_v observe_v tab._n â—5_n divers_a gland_n place_v at_o various_a distance_n in_o the_o amnio_n of_o cow_n yet_o we_o can_v by_o no_o mean_n think_v they_o be_v sufficient_a to_o supply_v that_o membrane_n with_o a_o necessary_a quantity_n of_o liquor_n for_o entertain_v the_o foetus_fw-la and_o since_o we_o have_v observe_v divers_a tubercle_n on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o umbilical_a rope_n mention_v in_o the_o follow_a table_n p_o we_o can_v tell_v how_o to_o reconcile_v those_o phaenomena_n but_o by_o suppose_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o liquor_n of_o the_o amnio_n be_v convey_v thither_o from_o the_o gland_n of_o the_o placenta_n by_o the_o duct_n of_o the_o umbilical_a rope_n this_o liquor_n of_o the_o amnio_n not_o only_o serve_v to_o facilitate_v the_o motion_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la but_o towards_o the_o time_n of_o the_o partus_fw-la it_o be_v partly_o receive_v by_o its_o mouth_n and_o be_v convey_v into_o its_o stomach_n and_o gut_n and_o administer_v chyle_n to_o its_o lacteal_v and_o thoracick-duct_a which_o be_v receive_v by_o the_o subclavian_n vein_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la and_o there_o join_v with_o the_o blood_n transmit_v from_o the_o mother_n to_o the_o foetus_fw-la thus_o the_o stomach_n and_o intestine_n as_o well_o as_o the_o common_a passage_n of_o chyle_n and_o lympha_fw-la of_o the_o foetus_fw-la be_v employ_v in_o the_o uterus_fw-la by_o which_o mean_v those_o channel_n be_v the_o more_o ready_o make_v use_n of_o soon_o after_o the_o birth_n when_o the_o infant_n have_v no_o other_o way_n of_o receive_v its_o nourishment_n but_o by_o the_o mouth_n the_o chyle_n thus_o mingle_v with_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la so_o thins_n it_o that_o its_o circulation_n may_v be_v the_o better_o carry_v on_o by_o the_o weak_a systole_n of_o its_o heart_n whereby_o its_o blood_n may_v be_v again_o discharge_v into_o the_o hypogastrick_n vein_n of_o the_o mother_n uterus_fw-la the_o liquor_n of_o the_o amnios_n have_v another_o as_o it_o be_v accidental_a use_n in_o lubricate_a the_o vagina_n at_o the_o time_n of_o the_o partus_fw-la the_o foetus_fw-la then_o break_v the_o amnio_n by_o its_o struggle_v its_o content_n flow_v by_o the_o pudendum_fw-la which_o they_o common_o call_v the_o break_v of_o the_o water_n b_o b_o the_o furrow_n or_o cliff_n of_o the_o placenta_n which_o more_o or_o less_o result_v from_o its_o tubercle_n c_o c_o the_o tubercle_n of_o the_o placenta_n which_o be_v thick_a and_o large_a towards_o their_o centre_n and_o less_o towards_o their_o
muscle_n be_v very_o divisible_a as_o vesalius_n take_v notice_n and_o appear_v tab._n 68_o m_o n_o o_o o_o p._n it_o move_v the_o thumb_n various_o according_a to_o the_o several_a disposition_n of_o its_o series_n of_o fibres_n incline_v its_o first_o and_o second_o bone_n either_o direct_o or_o oblique_o towards_o the_o carpus_n and_o palm_n the_o sixty-fifth_a table_n represent_v divers_a muscle_n of_o the_o arm_n and_o cubit_n a_o the_o musculus_fw-la deltoide_v raise_v from_o its_o origination_n and_o leave_v at_o its_o insertion_n b_o the_o clavicula_fw-la make_v bare_a c_o that_o part_n of_o the_o deltoide_a muscle_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o spina_n scapulae_fw-la d_o the_o pectoralis_fw-la cut_v from_o its_o original_a and_o leave_v at_o its_o implantation_n d_o the_o rotundus_fw-la major_n it_o arise_v from_o the_o inferior_a angle_n of_o the_o scapula_n and_o become_v a_o round_a fleshy_a body_n pass_v under_o the_o superior_a head_n of_o the_o gemellus_n where_o it_o grow_v thin_a and_o make_v a_o broad_a flat_a but_o short_a tendon_n implant_v below_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la it_o be_v office_n be_v to_o draw_v the_o arm_n backward_o and_o pull_v it_o somewhat_o downward_o e_o the_o subscapularis_fw-la or_o immersus_fw-la it_o fill_v the_o internal_a concave_a part_n of_o the_o scapula_n arise_v fleshy_a from_o its_o whole_a basis_n and_o superior_a and_o inferior_a costa_n internal_o and_o in_o its_o progress_n lessen_v its_o self_n according_a to_o the_o configuration_n of_o the_o scapula_n and_o run_v over_o its_o juncture_n it_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la in_o a_o semicircular_a manner_n this_o draw_v the_o arm_n to_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o body_n and_o be_v make_v use_v of_o by_o the_o bag-pipe-player_n to_o compress_v his_o bellows_o under_o his_o arm._n f_o the_o coracobrachialis_fw-la its_o partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o tendinous_a origination_n be_v at_o the_o extreme_a point_n of_o the_o processus_n coracoide_v scapulae_fw-la in_o its_o descent_n grow_v thick_a strict_o adhere_v to_o the_o internal_a head_n of_o the_o biceps_fw-la which_o it_o part_v from_o near_o it_o be_v partly_o tendinous_a and_o partly_o fleshy_a insertion_n about_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la f_o a_o trunk_n of_o a_o nerve_n which_o pass_v through_o the_o last_o describe_v muscle_n whence_o it_o be_v also_o call_v persoratus_fw-la g_o g_o the_o basis_n scapulae_fw-la h_o the_o processus_n coracoide_v scapulae_fw-la ay_o the_o biceps_fw-la who_o two_o head_n or_o tendinous_a beginning_n be_v here_o express_v the_o one_o arise_v from_o the_o processus_n coracoide_v h_n call_v the_o internal_a head_n the_o other_o spring_a from_o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o brink_n of_o the_o acetabulum_n scapulae_fw-la under_o the_o broad_a ligament_n of_o the_o articulation_n and_o be_v call_v the_o external_n head_n pass_v in_o a_o sulcus_fw-la or_o channel_n on_o the_o head_n of_o the_o arm-bone_n vide_fw-la tab._n 96._o fig._n 1._o d_o e_o wherein_o it_o be_v enclose_v by_o a_o proper_a ligament_n in_o its_o descent_n become_v fleshy_a and_o join_v with_o its_o other_o head_n compose_v a_o large_a fleshy_a muscle_n which_o become_v less_o near_o the_o articulation_n of_o the_o cubit_n with_o the_o shoulder-bone_n and_o present_o grow_v perfect_o tendinous_a which_o tendon_n be_v again_o divide_v into_o two_o the_o external_n be_v thin_a pass_v over_o the_o musculus_fw-la pronator_n radii_fw-la rotundus_fw-la and_o make_v a_o external_n enclosure_n to_o all_o the_o muscle_n on_o the_o cubit_n vide_fw-la app._n fig_n 1._o m._n the_o internal_a which_o be_v short_a thick_a and_o round_o as_o it_o be_v here_o express_v be_v fasten_v to_o a_o protuberance_n near_o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o radius_fw-la vide_fw-la tab._n 96._o fig._n 6._o a._n when_o this_o muscle_n act_n it_o bend_v the_o arm_n beside_o its_o common_a office_n to_o which_o its_o low_a external_n tendon_n also_o more_o advantageous_o contribute_v by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o it_o approach_n towards_o the_o other_o extreme_a of_o the_o radius_fw-la from_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la this_o low_a tendinous_a expansion_n by_o we_o call_v fascia_fw-la tendinosa_n have_v also_o a_o further_a use_v in_o corroborate_n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o carpus_n and_o finger_n in_o their_o strenuous_a action_n who_o office_n we_o have_v endeavour_v to_o explain_v in_o our_o treatise_n of_o the_o muscle_n where_o a_o extraordinary_a case_n in_o practice_n relate_v to_o this_o muscle_n be_v explain_v vid._n myotomia_fw-la resormata_fw-la pag._n 149._o k_o k_o the_o brachiaeus_n internus_fw-la it_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la at_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o deltoide_n and_o musculus_fw-la coracobrachialis_fw-la and_o descend_v over_o the_o juncture_n of_o the_o cubit_n with_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la it_o be_v insert_v partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o tendinous_a to_o the_o superior_a and_o forepart_n of_o the_o ulna_fw-la and_o part_n of_o the_o radius_fw-la as_o this_o figure_n express_v which_o latter_a i_o must_v confess_v i_o never_o yet_o observe_v in_o nature_n it_o bend_v the_o cubit_n l_o part_v of_o the_o brachiaeus_n externus_fw-la m_o the_o internal_a protuberance_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la n_o the_o ulna_fw-la o_o the_o radius_fw-la the_o sixty-sixth_a table_n divers_a muscle_n of_o the_o arm_n and_o cubit_n a_o the_o biceps_fw-la free_v from_o its_o subjacent_a muscle_n b_o the_o brachiaeus_n internus_fw-la in_o situ_fw-la c_o d_o e_o the_o biceps_fw-la externus_fw-la or_o gemellus_n it_o have_v a_o twofold_a origin_n the_o first_o c_z or_o superior_a arise_v tendinous_a from_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o inferior_a costa_n of_o the_o scapula_n internal_o and_o march_v out_o from_o between_o the_o two_o round_a muscle_n soon_o grow_v fleshy_a and_o join_v with_o its_o second_o beginning_n d_o which_o arise_v broad_a and_o fleshy_a from_o the_o upper_a and_o backpart_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la under_o the_o deltoide_a muscle_n soon_o after_o the_o conjunction_n of_o these_o two_o head_n it_o become_v external_o tendinous_a e_o and_o be_v so_o implant_v to_o the_o superior_a and_o external_n part_n of_o the_o ulna_fw-la call_v olecranum_n ancon_n or_o the_o elbow_n it_o be_v office_n be_v to_o extend_v the_o cubit_n which_o it_o do_v the_o more_o advantageous_o by_o how_o much_o the_o more_o it_o be_v intertext_n with_o various_a order_n of_o fibres_n hence_o it_o come_v that_o tumbler_n when_o they_o stand_v on_o their_o hand_n can_v by_o the_o sudden_a extension_n of_o their_o cubit_n immediate_o return_v to_o their_o foot_n f_o the_o infraspinatus_n it_o lie_v below_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o scapula_n it_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o basis_n scapulae_fw-la also_o from_o its_o spine_n and_o inferior_n costa_n in_o those_o body_n in_o who_o the_o teres_n minor_n be_v want_v as_o i_o be_o apt_a to_o think_v it_o be_v in_o the_o subject_a by_o which_o this_o figure_n be_v take_v whence_o march_v in_o a_o triangular_a form_n according_a to_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o bone_n it_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o head_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la this_o move_v the_o arm_n direct_o backward_o g_o the_o supraspinatus_n it_o be_v place_v above_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o shoulderblade_n it_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o basis_n scapulae_fw-la that_n above_o the_o spine_n as_o also_o from_o the_o spine_n and_o costa_n superior_a of_o the_o shoulderblade_n and_o hence_o march_v between_o the_o processus_n coracoide_v and_o anchoriformis_fw-la become_v tendinous_a as_o it_o march_v over_o the_o juncture_n of_o the_o humerus_fw-la and_o be_v so_o insert_v to_o the_o most_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o shoulder-bone_n it_o be_v office_n be_v to_o lift_v the_o arm_n upward_o and_o somewhat_o backward_o towards_o the_o occiput_fw-la h_o the_o spina_n scapulae_fw-la i_o i_o the_o clavicula_fw-la ✚_o the_o subclavian_n muscle_n free_v from_o the_o first_o rib_n and_o remain_v on_o the_o clavicula_fw-la k_o the_o rotundus_fw-la major_n l_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la make_v bare_a m_o the_o external_n protuberance_n of_o the_o last_o name_v bone_n whence_o the_o extend_v muscle_n of_o the_o carpus_n and_o finger_n do_v arise_v n_o part_v of_o the_o supinator_fw-la radii_fw-la brevis_fw-la as_o it_o arise_v from_o the_o ulna_fw-la and_o pass_v over_o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o radius_fw-la o_o the_o ulna_fw-la x_o x_o the_o deltoide_n arise_v from_o above_o one_o three_o of_o the_o inferior_a and_o external_n part_n of_o the_o clavicula_fw-la two_o where_o it_o be_v entire_o fleshy_a it_o also_o arise_v partly_o fleshy_a and_o partly_o tendinous_a from_o the_o whole_a inferior_a margin_n of_o the_o spina_n scapulae_fw-la h_n from_o hence_o descend_v soon_o become_v thick_a and_o fleshy_a grow_v still_o narrow_a till_o it_o be_v
the_o order_n of_o part_n will_v require_v our_o next_o examination_n of_o the_o membrana_fw-la tympani_fw-la and_o the_o muscle_n within_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tympanum_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o the_o succeed_a figure_n represent_v the_o four_o little_a bone_n of_o the_o labyrinth_n cochlea_n and_o their_o foramina_fw-la only_o we_o must_v prosecute_v the_o order_n set_v before_o we_o and_o refer_v to_o our_o appendix_n to_o what_o proper_o belong_v to_o this_o place_n viz._n the_o muscle_n of_o the_o internal_a ear_n and_o membrana_fw-la tympani_fw-la fig._n 7._o the_o labyrinth_n of_o the_o left_a ear_n of_o a_o foetus_fw-la a_o b_o c_o c_o the_o three_o semicircular_a duct_n clear_v of_o the_o membrane_n and_o part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la petrosum_fw-la in_o which_o bone_n they_o be_v entire_o enclose_v in_o the_o adult_n and_o no_o mark_n of_o their_o tract_n appear_v as_o in_o the_o foetus_fw-la d_o that_o part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la petrosum_fw-la in_o which_o the_o cochlea_n be_v contain_v part_v of_o which_o be_v here_o express_v break_v up_o fig._n 8._o the_o labyrinth_n and_o cochlea_n of_o the_o left_a ear._n a_o b_o c_o the_o three_o semicircular_a duct_n who_o cavity_n be_v invest_v with_o a_o membrane_n in_o which_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n be_v expand_v the_o extremity_n of_o these_o duct_n open_v into_o the_o vestibulum_fw-la of_o the_o labyrinth_n or_o cavity_n immediate_o within_o the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_fw-mi figure_v in_o our_o appendix_n one_o of_o the_o spiral_n duct_n of_o the_o cochlea_n also_o open_v into_o the_o vestibulum_fw-la d_o part_v of_o the_o cochlea_n open_v which_o consist_v of_o two_o spiral_n duct_n or_o one_o dust_n divide_v by_o a_o bony_n septum_fw-la which_o from_o its_o figure_n be_v call_v lamina_fw-la spiralis_fw-la one_o of_o these_o duct_n as_o above_o note_a open_v into_o the_o vestibulum_fw-la of_o the_o labyrinth_n at_o its_o basis_n the_o other_o in_o like_a manner_n end_v its_o basis_n at_o the_o membrane_n within_o the_o foramen_fw-la rotundum_fw-la the_o auditory_a nerve_n be_v expand_v in_o like_a manner_n in_o the_o cochlea_n as_o in_o the_o labyrinth_n fig._n 9_o the_o four_o little_a bone_n of_o the_o ear_n contain_v in_o the_o tympanum_fw-la take_v out_o and_o represent_v in_o their_o proper_a articulation_n with_o each_o other_o a_o the_o malleolus_n the_o depress_v head_n of_o which_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o shallow_a cavity_n of_o the_o incus_fw-la b_o the_o incus_fw-la articulate_v with_o the_o stape_n by_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o os_fw-mi orbiculare_a c_o the_o stape_n ...._o d_o the_o os_fw-mi orbiculare_a or_o four_o bone_n of_o the_o tympanum_fw-la these_o bone_n we_o shall_v figure_n in_o situ_fw-la in_o our_o appendix_n fig._n 10._o the_o malleolus_n take_v from_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o little_a bone_n of_o the_o ear_n with_o part_n of_o two_o of_o its_o muscle_n remain_v to_o it_o a_o the_o roundish_n depress_v head_n of_o the_o malleolus_n b_o ..._o a_o ligament_n which_o connect_v the_o head_n of_o the_o malleolus_n to_o the_o incus_fw-la c_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o malleolus_n d_o d_o the_o two_o process_n of_o the_o malleus_fw-la in_o which_o the_o external_n and_o internal_a muscle_n be_v insert_v beside_o these_o process_n its_o long_a production_n call_v the_o manubrium_fw-la or_o handle_n of_o the_o malleus_fw-la be_v remarkable_a which_o adhere_v to_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o membraâ—a_n tympâ—ni_n fig._n 11._o the_o incus_fw-la in_o who_o lower-part_n as_o it_o be_v here_o figure_v be_v a_o shallow_a depressure_n which_o receive_v the_o roundish_n head_n of_o the_o malleus_fw-la its_o two_o process_n be_v here_o well_o express_v of_o which_o the_o short_a rest_n in_o a_o sinus_n of_o the_o os_fw-la petrosum_fw-la within_o the_o tympanum_fw-la but_o the_o long_o be_v articulate_v with_o the_o stape_n by_o the_o mediation_n of_o the_o os_fw-mi orbiculare_a fig._n 12._o the_o stape_n so_o call_v from_o its_o figure_n who_o basis_n rest_v on_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o fenestra_fw-la ovalis_fw-la as_o be_v here_o express_v and_o the_o os_fw-mi orbiculare_a lying_z under_o it_o which_o latter_a be_v delineate_v somewhat_o big_a than_o the_o life_n the_o ninety-first_a table_n fig._n 1._o show_v the_o external_n convex_v surface_n of_o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o skull_n and_o its_o proper_a suture_n elegant_o express_v a_o b_o the_o forehead-bone_n by_o some_o call_v os_fw-la coronale_fw-la inverecundum_fw-la and_o os_fw-la puppis_fw-la c_o the_o os_fw-la sincipitis_fw-la or_o verticis_fw-la by_o some_o call_v bregma_n either_o from_o the_o soft_a moist_a brain_n lie_v under_o it_o or_o from_o its_o thin_a moist_a constitution_n in_o infant_n and_o sometime_o in_o the_o adult_n d_o part_v of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la by_o some_o call_v basillare_v os_fw-la prorae_fw-la os_fw-la memoriae_fw-la and_o os_fw-la pyxidis_fw-la e_o e_o the_o coronal_z suture_a f_o the_o sagittal_n suture_a or_o sutura_fw-la longitudinalis_fw-la g_o g_o the_o sutura_fw-la lambdoide_v though_o the_o suture_n here_o express_v be_v regular_n according_a to_o their_o common_a appearance_n yet_o in_o divers_a subject_n we_o find_v nature_n sport_n very_o considerable_o sometime_o the_o longitudinal_n suture_a be_v double_a at_o other_o time_n it_o pass_v oblique_o towards_o the_o coronal_z suture_a and_o in_o some_o subject_n it_o frame_v a_o os_fw-la triquetrum_fw-la at_o its_o conjunction_n with_o the_o coronal_z suture_a or_o else_o divers_a small_a bone_n of_o various_a figure_n the_o like_a may_v be_v sometime_o observe_v in_o the_o sutura_fw-la lambdoide_v as_o also_o in_o the_o coronal_z suture_a of_o which_o latter_a the_o figure_n here_o give_v a_o specimen_fw-la on_o the_o right_a side_n fig._n 2._o the_o internal_a concave_a surface_n of_o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o skull_n when_o saw_v from_o its_o basis._n a_o a_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o ossa_fw-la bregmatis_fw-la b_o b_o b_o the_o suture_n as_o they_o appear_v withinside_o the_o skull_n approach_v to_o a_o simple_a straight_a line_n which_o conjunction_n of_o bone_n be_v call_v harmonia_n c_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la frontis_fw-la e_o a_o portion_n of_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la f_o f_o the_o channel_n frame_v by_o the_o blood-vessel_n of_o the_o dura_n mater_n these_o insculpture_n or_o furrow_n of_o the_o bone_n i_o find_v very_o large_a in_o the_o skull_n of_o a_o person_n i_o late_o dissect_v who_o die_v apoplectic_a in_o who_o the_o blood-vessel_n of_o the_o dura_n mater_n be_v proportionable_o augment_v to_o the_o magnitude_n of_o a_o goose-quill_n in_o this_o subject_a divers_a large_a foveae_fw-la appear_v in_o the_o skull_n break_v out_o as_o it_o be_v from_o the_o impression_n of_o the_o longitudinal_n sinus_n one_o of_o which_o foveae_fw-la exceed_v half_o a_o inch_n in_o its_o diameter_n when_o the_o top_n of_o the_o cranium_fw-la be_v oppose_v to_o the_o light_n the_o foveae_fw-la above_o mention_v as_o well_o as_o the_o large_a furrow_n of_o the_o vessel_n appear_v transparent_a not_o unlike_o the_o horn_n common_o make_v use_v of_o in_o lantern_n nor_o indeed_o do_v the_o thickness_n of_o the_o skull_n in_o those_o part_v much_o exceed_v it_o by_o this_o we_o may_v be_v inform_v with_o what_o caution_n we_o ought_v to_o use_v the_o trepan_n in_o perforate_n the_o skull_n especial_o near_o the_o longitudinal_n suture_a as_o also_o lateral_o on_o the_o bregma_n where_o those_o vessel_n usual_o take_v their_o course_n and_o that_o more_o especial_o when_o the_o patient_n have_v suffer_v under_o habitual_a headache_n which_o be_v remarkable_a in_o the_o person_n last_o mention_v even_o from_o his_o infancy_n for_o doubtless_o these_o cavity_n and_o furrow_n have_v a_o early_a date_n from_o a_o irregular_a formation_n of_o the_o blood-vessel_n whence_o the_o refluent_a blood_n be_v subject_a to_o be_v retard_v and_o the_o neighbour_a part_n as_o the_o pericranium_n etc._n etc._n suffer_v tension_n and_o pain_n b_o superior_n and_o e_o the_o channel_n or_o impression_n which_o the_o longitudinal_n sinus_n make_v in_o the_o middle_a and_o upper-part_n of_o the_o skull_n according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o sagittal_n suture_a the_o ninety-second_a table_n fig._n 1._o show_v the_o forepart_n of_o the_o skull_n in_o which_o part_n of_o the_o proper_a bone_n of_o the_o skull_n already_o describe_v and_o divers_a of_o those_o of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n and_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n be_v well_o express_v a_o b_o c_o the_o first_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n constitute_v the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o orbit_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o part_n of_o its_o lesser_a canthus_n together_o with_o part_n of_o the_o o_o jugale_n and_o cheek_n b_o that_o part_n of_o it_o which_o compose_v part_n of_o the_o o_o jugale_n d_o the_o second_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n which_o may_v be_v call_v os_fw-mi lachrymale_a because_o the_o ductus_fw-la arise_v from_o the_o two_o puncta_fw-la
lachrymalia_n pass_v through_o it_o into_o the_o foramina_fw-la of_o the_o nostril_n on_o that_o side_n together_o with_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o four_o pair_n of_o nerve_n and_o some_o remarkable_a blood-vessel_n anatomist_n disagree_v in_o their_o description_n and_o number_n of_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n galen_n in_o libel_n de_fw-fr ossib_n reckon_v xi_o de_fw-fr partium_fw-la usu_n ix_o in_o introductorio_n sive_fw-la medico_n galeno_fw-it adscripto_fw-la xii_o to_o which_o latter_a vesalius_n subscribe_v but_o columbus_n mention_n xiii_o and_o at_o the_o same_o time_n in_o his_o description_n omit_v the_o three_o pair_n of_o vesalius_n and_o other_o and_o instead_o of_o they_o add_v two_o other_o or_o another_o pair_n call_v ossa_n spongiosa_n place_v within_o the_o nostril_n we_o can_v but_o agree_v with_o vesalius_n description_n be_v so_o very_o clear_a and_o intelligible_a by_o the_o appearance_n of_o most_o if_o not_o all_o skull_n nor_o can_v we_o find_v any_o reason_n to_o omit_v what_o columbus_n have_v add_v so_o that_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n be_v xv_o in_o number_n viz._n the_o vi_o pair_n of_o vesalius_n the_o two_o ossa_n spongiosa_n and_o septum_fw-la narium_fw-la of_o columbus_n by_o he_o call_v vomer_fw-la from_o the_o likeness_n it_o have_v to_o a_o ploughshare_a or_o coulter_n the_o three_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n be_v scarce_o express_v in_o this_o figure_n or_o in_o that_o of_o tab._n 89._o fig._n 1._o by_o reason_n of_o the_o foreshortened_a site_n as_o painter_n term_v it_o it_o be_v in_o in_o this_o position_n of_o the_o cranium_fw-la this_o three_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n be_v common_o of_o a_o quadrangular_a figure_n and_o very_o thin_a place_v within_o the_o orbit_n the_o precise_a place_n of_o its_o situation_n be_v foreward_n adjoin_v to_o the_o second_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n or_o os_fw-mi lachrymale_a backward_o it_o sometime_o touch_v the_o os_fw-mi cuneâ—forme_v at_o one_o angle_n only_o above_o it_o be_v suture_v with_o the_o os_fw-la frontis_fw-la below_o with_o the_o four_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n e_o the_o four_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n which_o be_v the_o largest_n of_o all_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o jaw_n compose_v the_o lower-part_n of_o the_o orbit_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o palate_n and_o contain_v all_o the_o upper_a tooth_n in_o its_o socket_n its_o upper-part_n be_v join_v to_o the_o lower-part_n of_o the_o forehead-bone_n the_o bone_n of_o the_o nose_n and_o second_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n lateral_o to_o the_o first_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n backward_a to_o the_o three_o and_o os_fw-mi cuneiforme_a and_o last_o to_o its_o fellow_n the_o large_a foramen_fw-la of_o it_o here_o express_v immediate_o under_o the_o orbit_n of_o the_o eye_n serve_v to_o transmit_v a_o branch_n of_o the_o five_o pair_n of_o nerve_n to_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o lip_n etc._n etc._n the_o second_o third_z four_o and_o five_o foramina_fw-la be_v in_o common_a with_o it_o and_o other_o bone_n of_o these_o the_o first_o be_v compose_v at_o its_o conjunction_n with_o the_o os_fw-mi lachrymale_a d_o the_o second_o with_o the_o os_fw-mi cuneiforme_a ay_o the_o three_o at_o its_o conjunction_n with_o its_o partner_n near_o the_o dentes_fw-la incisores_fw-la fig._n 2._o g_o and_o the_o four_o at_o its_o conjunction_n with_o the_o os_fw-la palati_fw-la ibid._n fig._n 2._o h_o h_z backward_o it_o have_v a_o large_a cavity_n which_o open_v into_o the_o foramen_fw-la of_o the_o nose_n in_o the_o lower-part_n of_o which_o aperture_n the_o os_fw-la spongiosum_fw-la mention_v by_o realdus_n columbus_n be_v place_v this_o cavity_n be_v call_v antrum_n maxillae_fw-la superioris_fw-la by_o some_o call_v antrum_n higâ—â—orianum_n for_o what_o reason_n i_o know_v not_o since_o it_o be_v describe_v long_o before_o dr._n highmore_n as_o appear_v by_o vesalius_n columbus_n baubinus_n etc._n etc._n f_o the_o five_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n which_o with_o its_o partner_n compose_v the_o upper_a bony_n part_v of_o the_o nose_n its_o suture_n or_o conjunction_n with_o the_o other_o neighbour_a bone_n and_o figure_n be_v here_o so_o well_o express_v 〈◊〉_d it_o need_v no_o other_o description_n g_o the_o septum_fw-la narium_fw-la who_o bony_a forepart_n here_o express_v be_v compose_v partly_o by_o the_o os_fw-mi cribriforme_a and_o partly_o by_o a_o process_n of_o the_o four_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n h_o the_o six_z bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n or_o os_fw-la spongiosum_fw-la this_o and_o its_o partner_n be_v mention_v by_o columbus_n and_o call_v spongiosa_n these_o we_o have_v constant_o observe_v to_o be_v distinct_a bone_n in_o humane_a skull_n as_o well_o as_o in_o those_o of_o quadrupedes_fw-la in_o which_o latter_a these_o ossa_n spongiosa_n have_v a_o very_a remarkable_a disposition_n they_o be_v broad_a thin_a bony_a body_n roll_v up_o very_o much_o like_o a_o piece_n of_o paper_n express_v tab._n 61._o fig._n 2._o d_o d_o nor_o be_v this_o involuted_a disposition_n of_o these_o bone_n only_o in_o quadrupedes_fw-la but_o in_o humane_a body_n also_o it_o be_v so_o dispose_a thou_o not_o so_o much_o turn_v in_o and_o cover_a every_o where_o with_o the_o pituitary_a membrane_n which_o invest_n the_o inside_n of_o the_o foramina_fw-la narium_fw-la on_o which_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o olfactory_a nerve_n be_v expand_v ay_o a_o chink_n or_o foramen_fw-la compose_v by_o the_o os_fw-mi cuneiforme_a together_o with_o the_o four_o bone_n and_o part_n of_o the_o first_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n common_o call_v the_o four_o foramen_fw-la of_o the_o os_fw-mi sphenoide_v or_o the_o three_o foramen_fw-la of_o the_o four_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n k_o the_o os_fw-la frontis_fw-la l_o part_v of_o the_o left_a bregma_n m_o the_o os_fw-la squamosum_fw-la or_o temporale_fw-la fig._n 2._o the_o inferior_a surface_n of_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o skull_n a_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la b_o part_v of_o the_o bregma_n c_o that_o part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la temporale_fw-la call_v processus_n mammillaris_fw-la d_o the_o o_o jugale_n compose_v of_o a_o process_n of_o the_o os_fw-la temporum_fw-la and_o first_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n e_o the_o four_z dentes_fw-la incisores_fw-la f_o inferior_n the_o eight_o dentes_fw-la molares_fw-la four_o on_o each_o side_n the_o rest_n be_v the_o two_o dentes_fw-la canini_n g_o the_o four_o foramen_fw-la of_o the_o four_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n g_o f_o the_o lower-part_n of_o the_o four_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n next_o the_o palate_n by_o some_o therefore_o call_v os_fw-la palati_fw-la h_o the_o seven_o pair_n of_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n call_v ossa_n palati_fw-la these_o bone_n be_v perforate_v on_o each_o side_n h_z h_z near_o the_o dentes_fw-la molares_fw-la which_o perforation_n be_v in_o common_a with_o the_o four_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n and_o be_v call_v the_o five_o perforation_n of_o that_o bone_n as_o above_o mention_v these_o seven_o pair_n of_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n make_v fourteen_o on_o each_o side_n to_o which_o realdus_n columbus_n add_v another_o which_o have_v no_o partner_n and_o be_v reckon_v the_o fifteen_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n ay_o the_o fifteen_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n by_o columbus_n liken_v to_o a_o coulter_n or_o ploughshare_a make_v the_o backpart_n of_o the_o septum_fw-la narium_fw-la k_o the_o processus_n pterygoide_v or_o aliformis_fw-la reckon_v the_o first_o of_o the_o external_n process_n of_o the_o os_fw-mi sphenoide_v the_o musculus_fw-la pterigoideus_n internus_fw-la arise_v from_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o sinus_n of_o these_o process_n vid._n app._n fig._n 8._o g._n l_o the_o lower-part_n of_o the_o processus_n or_o appendix_n styloide_v its_o upper-part_n be_v break_v off_o on_o both_o side_n in_o this_o figure_n m_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o meatus_fw-la auditorius_fw-la in_o the_o os_fw-la temporale_fw-la of_o the_o left_a side_n n_o the_o sinus_n of_o the_o os_fw-la petrosum_fw-la or_o temporale_fw-la which_o receive_v the_o head_n of_o the_o long_a process_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n o_o o_o two_o process_n of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la articulate_v with_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n p_o the_o anterior_a appendix_n or_o process_n of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la by_o veslingius_n in_o his_o animad_fw-la version_n on_o his_o figure_n of_o chap._n xiii_o erroneous_o call_v os_fw-la sphenoide_v q_o the_o processus_n mammiformis_fw-la or_o mastoide_v of_o the_o os_fw-la temporum_fw-la on_o the_o left_a side_n r_o r_o r_o the_o great_a foramen_fw-la of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la by_o which_o the_o medulla_n oblongata_fw-la pass_v out_o of_o the_o skull_n s_o s_o the_o asperity_n and_o sinus_n of_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o occiput_fw-la make_v by_o the_o insertion_n of_o the_o muscle_n move_a the_o head_n t_o t_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o
the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o second_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n a_o the_o toothlike_a process_n on_o the_o forepart_n of_o this_o second_o vertebra_n insert_v behind_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n a_o b_o fig._n 1_o 2._o who_o apex_n a_o be_v fasten_v by_o a_o ligament_n to_o the_o margin_n of_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o great_a foramen_fw-la of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la vid._n appen_n fig._n 8._o e._n b_o b_o two_o process_n who_o cartilaginous_a surface_n be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n and_o correspond_v to_o those_o of_o fig._n 1._o d_o d._n whereby_o the_o rotatory_n motion_n of_o the_o head_n be_v perform_v the_o other_o remarkable_a part_n of_o this_o figure_n may_v be_v know_v by_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o follow_v fig._n 4._o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o second_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n a_o the_o toothlike_a process_n call_v epistropheus_n b_o the_o inferior_a surface_n of_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o second_o vertebra_n join_v to_o the_o superior_a and_o forepart_n of_o the_o three_o fig._n 5._o c._n c_o c_o its_o transverse_a process_n perforated_a to_o transmit_v the_o blood-vessel_n as_o in_o fig._n 1._o c_o c._n d_o d_o it_o be_v two_o oblique_a descend_v process_n place_v on_o the_o two_o oblique_a ascend_v of_o fig._n 5._o a._n e_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o second_o vertebra_n next_o the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la f_o the_o double_a spinal_a process_n to_o which_o the_o superior_a musculi_fw-la interspinales_fw-la be_v insert_v fig._n 5._o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o three_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n a_o one_o of_o its_o oblique_a ascend_v process_n b_o its_o transverse_a process_n perforate_v like_o as_o in_o the_o two_o first_o vertebra_n c_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o three_o vertebra_n on_o which_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o second_o be_v place_v n._n b._n the_o rest_n of_o the_o figure_n may_v be_v understand_v by_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o precede_a fig._n 6._o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o three_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n a_o it_o be_v oblique_a descend_v process_n b_o it_o be_v transverse_a process_n perforate_v as_o above_o note_a fig._n 7._o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_n a_o it_o be_v transverse_a process_n not_o perforate_v like_o those_o of_o the_o neck_n b_o its_o spinal_a process_n on_o the_o backpart_n c_o a_o shallow_a depressure_n on_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o transverse_a process_n which_o receive_v the_o tubercle_fw-la of_o the_o first_o rib._n vid._n tab._n 94._o fig._n 2._o b._n d_o one_o of_o the_o oblique_a ascend_v process_n which_o receive_v the_o descend_v of_o the_o last_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n e_o the_o sinus_n in_o which_o some_o of_o the_o axillary_a nerve_n pass_v out_o of_o the_o specus_fw-la or_o great_a foramen_fw-la of_o the_o vertebra_n fig._n 8._o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o same_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_n or_o thorax_n a_o it_o be_v transverse_a process_n b_o it_o be_v spinal_a process_n c_o a_o shallow_a depressure_n in_o the_o transverse_a process_n to_o which_o the_o second_o tubercle_n of_o the_o first_o rib_n be_v connect_v d_o it_o be_v oblique_a descend_v process_n receive_v by_o the_o ascend_v of_o the_o next_o vertebra_n after_o take_v out_o the_o viscera_n from_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o thorax_n of_o the_o late_a earl_n of_o peterborough_n i_o be_v desire_v by_o one_o of_o his_o physician_n dr._n johnston_n who_o constant_o attend_v his_o lordship_n some_o time_n before_o his_o death_n to_o examine_v the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n because_o his_o lordship_n do_v not_o only_o complain_v of_o very_o great_a pain_n about_o the_o eight_o and_o nine_o vertebra_n of_o that_o part_n and_o particular_o the_o right_a hypochondrium_n etc._n etc._n but_o one_o of_o the_o spinal_a process_n of_o those_o vertebra_n be_v observe_v to_o be_v very_o prominent_a some_o week_n before_o his_o death_n nor_o can_v he_o endure_v any_o motion_n of_o the_o trunk_n of_o his_o body_n beside_o at_o that_o time_n the_o low_a limb_n be_v destitute_a of_o motion_n as_o well_o as_o exquisite_a sense_n of_o feel_v on_o free_v the_o descend_v trunk_n of_o the_o arteria_fw-la magna_fw-la and_o ductus_fw-la thoracicus_n from_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n i_o find_v a_o tumour_n who_o thick_a hard_a membrane_n be_v chief_o frame_v of_o the_o ligament_n of_o the_o vertebra_n i_o divide_v the_o tumour_n and_o a_o brownish_a colour_a matter_n flow_v from_o it_o on_o far_a examination_n i_o find_v the_o upper_a and_o forepart_n of_o the_o nine_o and_o in_o like_a manner_n the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o eight_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n consume_v and_o go_v insomuch_o that_o i_o can_v without_o difficulty_n put_v the_o top_n of_o my_o forefinger_n into_o the_o foramen_fw-la and_o feel_v the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la cover_v with_o its_o membrane_n only_o i_o doubt_v not_o but_o part_n of_o the_o matter_n contain_v in_o this_o tumour_n have_v descend_v into_o the_o lower-part_n of_o the_o specus_fw-la of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n and_o os_fw-mi sacrum_n since_o it_o lay_v open_a whereby_o the_o inferior_a nervous_a distribution_n be_v affect_v and_o their_o proper_a office_n pervert_v but_o decency_n forbid_v our_o scrutiny_n in_o this_o case_n since_o the_o body_n of_o those_o vertebra_n must_v have_v be_v cut_v away_o with_o a_o chizel_n to_o have_v make_v such_o a_o discovery_n fig._n 9_o the_o upper-part_n of_o one_o of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n a_o it_o be_v transverse_a process_n the_o rest_n of_o its_o part_n may_v be_v know_v by_o the_o explanation_n of_o the_o five_o and_o seven_o figure_n fig._n 10._o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o same_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n who_o explanation_n may_v be_v refer_v to_o fig._n 8._o fig._n 11_o 12._o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o two_o low_a vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n a_o a_o their_o tranverse_n process_n b_o b_o their_o oblique_a ascend_v process_n c_o c_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vertebra_n d_o d_o their_o spinal_a process_n the_o ninety-fourth_a table_n the_o rib_n be_v twelve_o in_o number_n on_o either_o side_n sometime_o we_o have_v find_v thirteen_o at_o other_o time_n but_o eleven_o on_o each_o side_n and_o frequent_o twelve_o on_o one_o side_n and_o eleven_o on_o the_o other_o the_o seven_o superior_a be_v call_v the_o true_a rib_n which_o be_v join_v with_o the_o sternum_n or_o os_fw-la pectoris_fw-la by_o the_o mediation_n of_o cartilage_n the_o inferior_a rib_n be_v the_o nothae_fw-la spuriae_fw-la or_o bastard_n rib_n the_o nine_o superior_a rib_n have_v a_o twofold_a articulation_n to_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_n the_o one_o collateral_a to_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vertebra_n the_o other_o to_o the_o forepart_n of_o their_o transverse_a process_n the_o two_o and_o sometime_o three_o inferior_a rib_n be_v only_o articulate_v to_o the_o body_n of_o the_o vertebra_n and_o do_v it_o touch_v their_o transverse_a process_n the_o low_a and_o last_o rib_n have_v not_o its_o cartilaginous_a extremity_n fasten_v to_o its_o superior_a rib_n as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o bastard_n rib_n have_v but_o its_o extreme_a point_n give_v a_o origin_n to_o part_n of_o the_o oblique_a descend_v muscle_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la fig._n 1._o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o first_o rib_n of_o the_o right_a side_n fig._n 2._o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o same_o rib._n a_o a_o that_o part_n of_o the_o first_o rib_n next_o the_o sternum_fw-la b_o b_o its_o protuberance_n articulate_v in_o a_o sinus_n of_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n c_o c_o its_o little_a head_n receive_v in_o a_o sinus_n of_o the_o anterior_a body_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n lateral_o d_o d_o it_o be_v middle_a broad_a flat_a part._n fig._n 3._o the_o lower-part_n of_o the_o six_o or_o seven_o true_a rib_n of_o the_o right_a side_n fig._n 4._o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o same_o rib._n a_o a_o that_o extremity_n of_o the_o bony_a part_n of_o the_o rib_n join_v to_o the_o cartilege_n place_v between_o it_o and_o the_o sternum_fw-la b_o b_o the_o other_z extremity_n articulate_v to_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_o lateral_o c_o a_o tubercle_n articulate_v to_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n e_o fig._n 3._o a_o sinus_n frame_v in_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o rib_n for_o the_o passage_n of_o the_o blood-vessel_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v avoid_v in_o perforate_n the_o thorax_n in_o case_n of_o a_o empyema_n etc._n etc._n fig._n 5._o the_o low_a edge_n and_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o eleven_o rib_n of_o the_o right_a side_n fig._n 6._o the_o upper_a edge_n and_o part_n of_o the_o external_n and_o internal_a part_n
of_o the_o same_o rib._n fig._n 7_o 8._o the_o internal_a and_o external_n part_v of_o the_o twelve_o rib._n the_o ninety-fifth_a table_n represent_v the_o scapulae_fw-la claviculae_fw-la and_o os_fw-la pectoris_fw-la or_o sternum_n fig._n 1._o the_o external_n convext_a part_n of_o the_o left_a scapula_n or_o shoulderblade_n a_o b_o the_o outside_o of_o the_o scapula_n a_o little_a arch_a or_o convext_a c_o the_o spina_n scapulae_fw-la d_o its_o extremity_n call_v acromion_n articulate_v to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o clavicula_fw-la e_o the_o processus_n coracoide_v or_o crow's-bill-like_a process_n by_o some_o call_v ancyroide_n or_o anchor-like_a f_o the_o processus_n brevis_fw-la or_o short_a process_n of_o the_o shoulderblade_n which_o receive_v the_o head_n of_o the_o arm-bone_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o part_n which_o circumscribe_v the_o scapula_n be_v explain_v in_o the_o follow_a figure_n fig._n 2._o the_o internal_a concave_a part_n of_o the_o right_a shoulderblade_n a_o b_o b_o various_a eminency_n on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o scapula_n whence_o the_o fibre_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la subscapularis_fw-la take_v their_o origin_n c_o the_o inferior_a angle_n of_o the_o scapula_n d_o the_o superior_a angle_n of_o the_o scapula_n e_o superior_n the_o processus_n coracoide_v f_o f_o g_o the_o foramina_fw-la for_o the_o blood-vessel_n which_o pass_v in_o and_o out_o from_o the_o meditullium_fw-la of_o the_o bone_n g_o inferior_n the_o sinus_n of_o the_o short_a process_n of_o the_o scapula_n in_o which_o the_o head_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la be_v receive_v g_o superior_n the_o internal_a or_o low_a part_n of_o the_o acromion_n of_o the_o scapula_n h_o the_o ceruix_fw-la or_o neck_n of_o the_o short_a process_n n._n b._n from_o c_o to_z d_o be_v call_v the_o basis_n scapulae_fw-la from_o d_o to_o f_o the_o costa_n superior_a from_o h_n to_o c_o the_o costa_n inferior_n scapulae_fw-la fig._n 3._o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o right_n clavicula_fw-la or_o channel-bone_n some_o call_v the_o claviculae_fw-la ossa_fw-la humerorum_fw-la they_o be_v also_o call_v furculae_fw-la fig._n 4._o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o left_a clavicle_n a_o that_o part_n of_o the_o clavicle_n articulate_v to_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la pectoris_fw-la or_o sternum_fw-la in_o which_o articulation_n a_o cartilaginous_a body_n be_v place_v not_o unlike_a that_o of_o the_o low_a jaw_n with_o the_o os_fw-la temporum_fw-la vid._n app._n fig._n 8._o s_o t._n b_o that_o extremity_n of_o the_o clavicula_fw-la join_v to_o the_o acromion_n of_o the_o scapula_n by_o two_o almost_o plain_a cartilaginous_a body_n oppose_v to_o each_o other_o and_o connect_v by_o ligament_n this_o conjunction_n of_o the_o clavicle_n with_o the_o acromion_n of_o the_o shoulderblade_n we_o have_v more_o than_o once_o see_v suffer_v a_o dislocation_n when_o the_o patient_n have_v fall_v from_o some_o high_a place_n and_o the_o top_n of_o the_o shoulder_n or_o acromion_n of_o the_o scapula_n have_v first_o come_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o scapula_n with_o the_o arm_n in_o such_o case_n will_v be_v depress_v and_o the_o outmost_a extremity_n of_o the_o clavicle_n will_v be_v see_v to_o arise_v up_o this_o dislocation_n we_o mention_v because_o we_o do_v find_v it_o take_v notice_n of_o or_o at_o least_o not_o common_o by_o author_n c_o the_o middle_a superior_a and_o external_n part_n of_o the_o right_n clavicula_fw-la d_o the_o middle_a inferior_a and_o external_n surface_n of_o the_o leave_v clavicula_fw-la the_o use_n of_o the_o claviculae_fw-la be_v to_o support_v the_o scapulae_fw-la together_o with_o the_o ossa_fw-la humerorum_fw-la fig._n 5._o the_o external_n and_o forepart_n of_o the_o os_fw-la pectoris_fw-la or_o sternum_fw-la who_o appearance_n in_o the_o adult_n differ_v very_o much_o from_o that_o of_o the_o foetus_fw-la as_o may_v be_v see_v tab._n 101.6_o in_o age_a body_n it_o be_v entire_o unite_v into_o one_o bone_n in_o some_o adult_n it_o be_v divide_v into_o two_o in_o other_o as_o in_o this_o subject_a it_o have_v three_o distinct_a bone_n a_o the_o superior_a and_o largest_n bone_n of_o the_o sternum_fw-la b_o a_o sinus_n which_o receive_v the_o internal_a round_a end_n of_o the_o clavicula_fw-la c_o the_o superior_a part_n or_o almost_o semicircular_a sinus_n of_o the_o sternum_fw-la d_o the_o middle_a bone_n of_o the_o os_fw-la pectoris_fw-la e_o e_o e_o the_o sinus_n in_o the_o middle_a bone_n of_o the_o sternum_fw-la lateral_o in_o which_o the_o cartilaginous_a extremity_n of_o the_o true_a rib_n be_v receive_v f_o the_o low_a bone_n of_o the_o sternum_fw-la the_o extremity_n of_o which_o be_v common_o cartilaginous_a and_o call_v cartilago_n mucronata_n or_o ensiformis_fw-la external_o it_o frame_v that_o cavity_n call_v scrobiculus_n cordis_n or_o heart-pit_n common_o call_v the_o pit_n of_o the_o stomach_n the_o pain_n of_o which_o part_n be_v call_v cardialgiae_fw-la they_o affect_v the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o stomach_n call_v cardia_n where_o the_o plexuss_n of_o the_o upper_a and_o low_a stomach_n nerve_n be_v make_v the_o ninety-sixth_a table_n represent_v the_o bone_n of_o the_o arm_n together_o with_o the_o two_o bone_n of_o the_o cubit_n these_o together_o with_o those_o which_o compose_v the_o hand_n represent_v in_o the_o follow_v table_n be_v common_o call_v the_o bone_n of_o the_o whole_a hand_n but_o be_v proper_o divide_v as_o above_o first_o of_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o arm_n which_o be_v proper_o that_o part_n between_o the_o elbow_n or_o cubit_n and_o shoulder_n the_o whole_a arm_n comprehend_v the_o bone_n of_o the_o cubit_n fig._n 1._o a_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la of_o the_o right_a arm_n b_o the_o round_a head_n of_o its_o upper_a appendix_n cover_v with_o a_o cartilege_n which_o be_v articulate_v with_o the_o scapula_n by_o arthrodia_n c_o the_o circular_a sinus_n of_o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la to_o which_o the_o ligament_n involve_v the_o juncture_n together_o with_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la supraspinatus_n infraspinatus_n teres_n minor_n and_o subscapularis_fw-la be_v insert_v d_o f_o two_o prominency_n of_o the_o shoulder-bone_n e_o a_o sinus_n frame_v between_o the_o two_o last_o mention_v prominency_n wherein_o the_o external_n tendinous_a beginning_n or_o head_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la biceps_fw-la be_v receive_v vid._n tab._n 65.1_o g_o a_o convext_a protuberance_n of_o the_o low_a appendix_n of_o the_o shoulder-bone_n which_o be_v receive_v in_o a_o shallow_a concave_a depressure_n on_o the_o superior_a extremity_n of_o the_o radius_fw-la h_o k_o that_o part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la that_o be_v articulate_v to_o the_o upper_a end_n of_o the_o vlna_fw-la by_o ginglymus_n ay_o the_o internal_a protuberance_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la from_o which_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o muscle_n bend_v the_o finger_n and_o carpus_n together_o with_o the_o musculus_fw-la pronator_n radii_fw-la teres_n and_o palmaris_n longus_n do_v arise_v l_o a_o interstice_n between_o the_o low_a appendix_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la and_o its_o internal_a protuberance_n n_o a_o large_a foramen_fw-la for_o a_o blood-vessel_n of_o the_o bone_n i_o be_v late_o call_v to_o a_o boy_n about_o 10_o or_o 12_o year_n of_o age_n who_o four_o or_o five_o day_n before_o in_o play_v with_o his_o companion_n receive_v such_o a_o injury_n in_o one_o of_o his_o arm_n as_o he_o can_v not_o afterward_o move_v it_o foreward_n or_o backward_o much_o less_o lift_v it_o up_o towards_o his_o head_n but_o have_v all_o the_o action_n of_o his_o cubit_n and_o finger_n as_o we_o common_o find_v in_o those_o who_o have_v dislocate_v the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la from_o the_o scapula_n after_o examine_v the_o shoulder_n and_o find_v no_o such_o dislocation_n by_o move_a the_o arm_n i_o find_v the_o bone_n near_o the_o shoulder_n grate_n very_o much_o which_o i_o guess_v can_v be_v no_o otherwise_o than_o the_o upper_a appendix_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la divide_v from_o the_o bone_n i_o then_o reduce_v it_o to_o a_o good_a figure_n and_o after_o apply_v a_o plaster_n de_fw-fr sapone_n to_o attenuate_v the_o extravase_v blood_n i_o roll_v it_o up_o and_o he_o have_v continue_v easie_n ever_o since_o the_o tingle_a as_o he_o tell_v i_o he_o have_v at_o his_o finger_n end_n and_o violent_a pain_n in_o his_o shoulder_n leave_v he_o i_o do_v find_v author_n mention_v such_o like_a case_n where_o the_o appendage_n of_o bone_n be_v break_v off_o in_o young_a body_n but_o i_o be_o persuade_v from_o other_o example_n as_o well_o as_o this_o such_o accident_n often_o happen_v and_o be_v not_o common_o know_v by_o surgeon_n n._n b._n these_o fracture_n of_o bone_n at_o their_o appendage_n in_o young_a body_n be_v soon_o unite_v than_o when_o the_o middle-part_n of_o bone_n be_v broken_n fig._n 2._o the_o hinder-part_n of_o the_o left_a shoulder-bone_n m_o a_o cavity_n in_o which_o the_o
the_o three_o and_o last_o internodes_n of_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o finger_n and_o thumb_n i_o i_o k_o k_o the_o articulation_n of_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o finger_n with_o each_o other_o and_o the_o two_o last_o bone_n of_o the_o thumb_n be_v by_o ginglymus_n but_o the_o finger_n be_v articulate_v with_o the_o metacarpal-bone_n by_o arthrodia_n as_o above_o note_a 9_o 10_o 11_o the_o ossa_n sesamoidea_n of_o which_o ten_o be_v say_v to_o belong_v to_o each_o hand_n viz._n two_o of_o the_o thumb_n place_v on_o the_o inferior_a and_o internal_a part_n of_o its_o first_o bone_n f_o the_o other_o eight_o be_v in_o like_a manner_n place_v on_o the_o inferior_a and_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o ossa_n metacarpi_n in_o young_a body_n these_o bone_n be_v not_o find_v as_o in_o other_o they_o be_v apt_a to_o be_v lose_v in_o free_v the_o bone_n whether_o by_o boil_a or_o otherwise_o fig._n 2._o the_o bone_n as_o they_o appear_v on_o the_o backpart_n of_o the_o right_a hand_n for_o who_o explanation_n consult_v fig._n 1._o fig._n 3._o 12_o 13_o 14_o 15_o 16_o 17_o 18_o 19_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o carpus_n separate_v from_o each_o other_o the_o ninety-eighth_a table_n we_o come_v now_o to_o the_o two_o bone_n which_o compose_v the_o lower-part_n of_o the_o spina_n namely_o the_o o_o sacrum_n and_o coccygis_fw-la fig._n 1._o the_o outside_o and_o backpart_n of_o the_o o_o sacrum_n compose_v of_o four_o or_o five_o bone_n like_o vertebra_n in_o the_o foetus_fw-la all_o which_o be_v unite_v in_o the_o adult_n and_o some_o mark_n of_o their_o conjunction_n only_o appear_v especial_o on_o its_o internal_a concave_a part._n vid._n fig._n 2._o d._n a_o a_o a_o etc._n etc._n some_o vestigia_fw-la or_o mark_v of_o the_o conjunction_n of_o the_o ascend_v and_o descend_v process_n of_o the_o five_o vertebra_n which_o compose_v the_o o_o sacrum_n b_o b_o b_o b_o the_o foramina_fw-la frame_v by_o the_o last_o mention_v transverse_a process_n and_o chief_o fill_v with_o a_o cartilaginous_a body_n some_o small_a branch_n of_o nerve_n only_o pass_v out_o of_o they_o to_o the_o musculus_fw-la glutaeus_n maximus_fw-la c_o c_o c_o d_o d_o the_o sinus_n frame_v on_o each_o side_n the_o os_fw-mi sacrum_n by_o the_o meeting_n of_o its_o transverse_a process_n e_o the_o superior_a surface_n of_o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o o_o sacrum_n on_o which_o be_v place_v the_o last_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n f_o the_o specus_fw-la or_o great_a foramen_fw-la of_o the_o sacrum_n be_v continue_v from_o that_o of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_n by_o which_o the_o nerve_n that_o help_v to_o compose_v the_o cauda_fw-la equina_fw-la descend_v to_o their_o egress_n through_o the_o internal_a foramina_fw-la of_o this_o bone_n fig._n 2._o b_o b_o b._n g_o g_o a_o sinus_n frame_v in_o the_o oblique_a ascend_v process_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o o_o sacrum_n which_o receive_v the_o oblique_a descend_v process_n of_o the_o last_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n h_o h_n those_o part_n of_o the_o sacrum_n join_v to_o the_o ossa_fw-la ilii_fw-la by_o the_o interposition_n of_o a_o cartilege_n which_o conjunction_n be_v call_v syncondrosis_n i_o i_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o sacrum_n k_o k_o two_o process_n of_o the_o sacrum_n connect_v to_o the_o two_o process_n of_o the_o os_fw-la coccygis_fw-la fig._n 3._o a_o b._n fig._n 2._o the_o inside_n or_o forepart_n of_o the_o o_o sacrum_n a_o a_o a_o the_o smooth_a inside_n of_o the_o five_o vertebra_n which_o compose_v the_o o_o sacrum_n b_o b_o b_o the_o foramina_fw-la by_o which_o the_o nerve_n pass_v out_o from_o its_o specus_fw-la c_o c_o d_o d_o the_o partly_o cartilaginous_a and_o partly_o bony_a connection_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o sacrum_n e_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o sacrum_n join_v to_o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la coccygis_fw-la fig._n 3._o the_o backpart_n of_o the_o os_fw-la coccygis_fw-la compose_v of_o five_o bone_n join_v to_o each_o other_o by_o syncondrosis_n a_o b_o two_o ascend_v process_n of_o the_o os_fw-la coccygis_fw-la join_v to_o those_o of_o the_o sacrum_n fig._n 1._o k_o k._n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o the_o several_a bone_n which_o frame_v the_o os_fw-la coccygis_fw-la fig._n 4._o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la coccygis_fw-la who_o character_n be_v explain_v in_o the_o precede_a figure_n the_o ninety-ninth_a table_n fig._n 1._o the_o internal_a concave_a surface_n of_o the_o os_fw-la innominatum_fw-la which_o in_o the_o foetus_fw-la be_v manifest_o compose_v of_o three_o bone_n but_o become_v so_o unite_v in_o the_o adult_n as_o that_o no_o mark_n of_o their_o cartilaginous_a conjunction_n do_v than_o appear_v this_o bone_n be_v by_o some_o call_v ilium_n os_fw-la coxendicis_fw-la and_o os_fw-la anchae_fw-la and_o sometime_o lumbare_fw-la for_o the_o better_a description_n of_o it_o anatomist_n have_v give_v distinct_a name_n to_o the_o several_a part_n of_o it_o which_o appear_v in_o the_o foetus_fw-la as_o follow_v a_o b_o c_o d_o that_o part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la innominatum_fw-la call_v ilium_n a_o a_o a_o the_o internal_a concave_a part_n of_o it_o in_o which_o the_o musculus_fw-la iliacus_n internus_fw-la be_v place_v call_v costa_n ilii_fw-la b_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o ilium_n c_o the_o foramina_fw-la of_o the_o blood-vessel_n which_o pass_v into_o its_o meditullium_fw-la or_o internal_a part._n d_o that_o part_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n join_v to_o the_o sacrum_n by_o a_o cartilaginous_a interposition_n which_o conjunction_n be_v call_v syncondrosis_n e_o that_o part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la innominatum_fw-la call_v os_fw-la pubis_fw-la or_o pectinis_fw-la f_o the_o great_a foramen_fw-la of_o the_o o_o ischium_n compose_v by_o that_o bone_n in_o conjunction_n with_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la g_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la h_o the_o three_o part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la innominatum_fw-la call_v o_o ischium_n and_o os_fw-la coxendicis_fw-la ay_o a_o prominencé_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n whence_o the_o musculus_fw-la rectus_n femoris_fw-la do_v arise_v vid._n tab._n 75._o g._n fig._n 2._o the_o external_n convext_a surface_n of_o the_o os_fw-la innominatum_fw-la a_o b_o b_o its_o cavity_n wherein_o the_o head_n of_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la be_v receive_v call_v acetabulum_n and_o pixis_fw-la a_o a_o sinus_n excavate_v in_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o acetabulum_n in_o which_o the_o mucilaginous_a gland_n be_v place_v vid._n tab._n 74.1_o the_o ligamentum_fw-la rotundum_fw-la figure_v tab._n 74._o k_o arise_v from_o the_o lower-part_n of_o the_o acetabulum_n towards_o its_o external_n margin_n whence_o it_o pass_v upward_o to_o its_o termination_n in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la which_o disposition_n of_o that_o ligament_n be_v no_o small_a artifice_n in_o nature_n in_o prevent_v too_o great_a a_o coalision_n of_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o acetabulum_n with_o the_o head_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n in_o walk_v run_v etc._n etc._n as_o before_o note_a b_o b_o the_o external_n margin_n of_o the_o acetabulum_n whence_o the_o ligamentum_fw-la latum_fw-la do_v arise_v which_o ligament_n be_v implant_v in_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la c_o d_o e_o the_o dorsum_fw-la ilii_fw-la d_o superior_n the_o spina_n ilii_fw-la e_o e_o divers_a process_n towards_o the_o backpart_n of_o the_o ilium_n where_o it_o be_v other_o side_n express_v in_o the_o former_a figure_n d_o be_v join_v with_o the_o sacrum_n f_o a_o sinus_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n in_o which_o the_o musculus_fw-la pyriformis_fw-la pass_v towards_o its_o implantation_n g_o a_o acute_a process_n of_o the_o ischium_n h_o a_o appendix_n of_o the_o ischium_n to_o which_o a_o ligament_n arise_v from_o the_o os_fw-la sacrum_n be_v fasten_v from_o this_o appendix_n the_o musculus_fw-la quadratus_n femoris_fw-la and_o the_o muscle_n bend_v the_o tibia_fw-la do_v arise_v ay_o that_o part_v where_o the_o os_fw-mi ischium_n join_v with_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la k_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la or_o pectinis_fw-la l_o the_o great_a foramen_fw-la of_o the_o ischium_n and_o pubis_fw-la n._n b._n the_o three_o bone_n which_o compose_v the_o os_fw-la innominatum_fw-la all_o meet_a and_o join_v in_o the_o acetabulum_n the_o hundred_o table_n show_v the_o bone_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la of_o one_o month_n to_o seven_o month_n after_o conception_n fig._n 1._o a_o skeleton_n of_o a_o foetus_fw-la about_o a_o month_n after_o conception_n in_o which_o the_o cartilaginous_a rudiment_n of_o bone_n have_v divers_a little_a bony_n speck_n or_o ossification_n in_o the_o arm_n and_o leg_n fig._n 2._o the_o skeleton_n of_o a_o foetus_fw-la of_o six_o week_n in_o which_o the_o rudiment_n of_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o artus_n or_o limb_n do_v appear_v in_o bony_a speck_n somewhat_o large_a than_o those_o of_o the_o precede_a figure_n the_o claviculae_fw-la be_v entire_o bony_a fig._n 3_o 4._o the_o fore_n and_o backpart_n of_o
which_o appear_v somewhat_o prominent_a by_o too_o early_o divide_v of_o those_o part_n they_o unite_v again_o and_o their_o cicatrice_n render_v they_o more_o obstinate_a to_o the_o eruption_n afterward_o especial_o if_o the_o periostium_fw-la its_o self_n be_v not_o divide_v before_o m_o the_o left_a clavicle_n n_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o right_a scapula_n o_o the_o acromion_n of_o the_o scapula_n join_v with_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o clavicle_n p_o the_o cartilaginous_a appendix_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la q_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la r_o r_o the_o ulnae_fw-la s_o s_o the_o radii_fw-la t_o t_o the_o cartilage_n which_o compose_v the_o bone_n of_o the_o carpus_n on_o both_o side_n v_o v_n the_o ossa_n metacarpi_n who_o extremity_n be_v cartilaginous_a w_o w_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o finger_n who_o knuckle_n or_o appendage_n be_v cartilaginous_a x_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n y_fw-fr those_o of_o the_o back_n z_o those_o of_o the_o loin_n 1_o the_o o_o sacrum_n 2_o the_o coccygis_fw-la 3_o the_o ilium_n 4_o ischium_n 5_o pubis_fw-la 6_o 6_o the_o sternum_fw-la with_o divers_a little_a bony_a body_n 7_o 7_o the_o true-rib_n 8_o 8_o etc._n etc._n the_o bastard-rib_n 9_o the_o ensiformal_a cartilege_n of_o the_o sternum_fw-la 10_o the_o thigh-bone_n 11_o its_o trochanter_n major_a yet_o cartilaginous_a 12_o the_o trochanter_n minor_n in_o like_a manner_n cartilaginous_a 13_o the_o cartilege_n which_o make_v the_o patella_n 14_o the_o tibia_fw-la 15_o the_o o_o surae_n or_o fibula_fw-la 16_o the_o cartilage_n which_o make_v the_o bone_n of_o the_o tarsus_n 17_o the_o ossa_n metatarsi_n 18_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o toe_n which_o be_v cartilaginous_a at_o their_o extremity_n like_o those_o of_o the_o finger_n the_o hundred_o &_o second_o table_n be_v the_o backpart_n of_o the_o skeleton_n of_o a_o foetus_fw-la of_o nine_o month_n a_o part_v of_o the_o sagittal_n suture_a b_o b_o the_o ossa_fw-la bregmatis_fw-la c_o c_o the_o sutura_fw-la lambdoide_v d_o the_o o_o occipitis_n which_o common_o in_o the_o foetus_fw-la be_v divide_v into_o four_o bone_n three_o of_o which_o appear_v in_o this_o figure_n the_o four_o lie_v between_o the_o ossa_n petrosa_n and_o be_v join_v to_o the_o os_fw-mi sphenoide_v tab._n 92._o fig._n 2._o p._n e_o the_o os_fw-la temporum_fw-la or_o squamosum_fw-la not_o yet_o join_v with_o that_o part_n or_o process_n of_o it_o call_v petrosum_n f_o f_o the_o low_a jaw_n g_o the_o o_o jugale_n h_o h_n etc._n etc._n the_o seven_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n i_o ay_o etc._n etc._n twelve_o of_o the_o thorax_n k_o k_o etc._n etc._n five_o of_o the_o loin_n without_o their_o spinal_a process_n l_o the_o right_a scapula_n m._n part_v of_o the_o right_n clavicula_fw-la n_o n_o etc._n etc._n the_o true_a rib_n o_o o_o etc._n etc._n the_o bastard_n rib_n p_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la q_o the_o ulna_fw-la r_o the_o radius_fw-la s_o the_o cartilage_n which_o compose_v the_o bone_n of_o the_o carpus_n t_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o metacarpus_fw-la v._o the_o bone_n of_o the_o finger_n w_o the_o o_o sacrum_n x_o the_o ilium_n y_fw-fr the_o ischium_n z_o the_o pubis_fw-la 1_o the_o thigh-bone_n 2_o the_o cartilaginous_a appendage_n of_o the_o lower-part_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n and_o upper-part_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la and_o fibula_fw-la 3_o the_o tibia_fw-la 4_o the_o fibula_fw-la 5_o the_o cartilage_n which_o frame_v the_o bone_n of_o the_o tarsus_n 6_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o metatarsus_n 7_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o toe_n n._n b_o there_o be_v divers_a remarkable_a part_n of_o this_o figure_n as_o well_o as_o of_o the_o precede_a table_n which_o have_v escape_v letter_v as_o the_o spines_n of_o the_o scapulae_fw-la cartilaginous_a appendage_n of_o the_o ossa_fw-la humeri_fw-la ulnae_fw-la radii_fw-la femoris_fw-la tibiae_fw-la fibulae_fw-la etc._n etc._n but_o most_o of_o these_o be_v already_o letter_v on_o other_o figure_n of_o the_o bone_n we_o shall_v omit_v their_o repetition_n on_o these_o since_o the_o additional_a letter_n already_o make_v with_o a_o pen_n on_o these_o figure_n be_v so_o numerous_a the_o hundred_o &_o three_o table_n the_o bone_n of_o the_o inferior_a artus_n or_o limb_n be_v divide_v into_o the_o thigh_n shank_n and_o foot_n fig._n 1._o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o left_a thigh-bone_n a_o the_o upper_a appendix_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n call_v its_o head_n cover_v with_o a_o cartilege_n which_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o acetabulum_n of_o the_o os_fw-la innominatum_fw-la tab._n 99_o fig._n 2._o a_o b_o b._n the_o round_a ligament_n arise_v from_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o acetabulum_n be_v insert_v near_o the_o middle_a of_o this_o head_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n fig._n 2._o b._n this_o articulation_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n with_o the_o hip-bone_n be_v call_v enarthrosis_fw-la b_o the_o trochanter_n major_n which_o in_o young_a body_n appear_v join_v with_o a_o cartilege_n to_o the_o thigh-bone_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v a_o epiphysis_n or_o appendix_n c_o the_o ceruix_fw-la or_o neck_n of_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la to_o which_o the_o ligamentum_fw-la latum_fw-la be_v fasten_v d_o e_o the_o inferior_a appendix_n of_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la frame_v two_o head_n the_o smooth_a cartilaginous_a surface_n which_o appear_v between_o they_o receive_v the_o internal_a surface_n of_o the_o patella_n fig._n 4._o f_o a_o sinus_n whence_o the_o musculus_fw-la poplitaeus_fw-la have_v its_o tendinous_a origin_n fig._n 2._o the_o posterior_n part_n of_o the_o right_a thigh-bone_n a_o it_o be_v head_n b_o a_o little_a depressure_n where_o the_o ligamentum_fw-la rotundum_fw-la be_v implant_v c_o the_o lesser_a trochanter_n to_o which_o the_o musculus_fw-la psoas_n and_o iliacus_n internus_fw-la be_v insert_v d_o e_o the_o two_o inferior_a head_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n which_o be_v receive_v in_o two_o shallow_a depressure_n frame_v by_o two_o semilunary_a cartilage_n place_v on_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la the_o sinus_n between_o these_o two_o head_n receive_v a_o small_a prominence_z on_o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la especial_o in_o its_o flexion_n this_o articulation_n of_o the_o thigh_n with_o the_o tibia_fw-la be_v by_o gynglimus_fw-la f_o the_o great_a trochanter_n where_o the_o musculus_fw-la pyriformis_fw-la marsupialis_fw-la obturator_n externus_fw-la and_o part_n of_o the_o glutaei_fw-la medii_fw-la minimi_fw-la and_o quadratus_n femoris_fw-la be_v insert_v g_o g_o the_o n1_fw-la aspera_fw-la to_o which_o part_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la quadratus_n femoris_fw-la glutaeus_n maximus_n and_o the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o triceps_fw-la be_v insert_v the_o vastus_fw-la externus_fw-la and_o internus_fw-la do_v chief_o arise_v from_o the_o n1_fw-la aspera_fw-la in_o some_o body_n especial_o age_v we_o find_v two_o ossa_n sesamoidea_n on_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o two_o low_a head_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n d_o e_o the_o office_n of_o which_o be_v to_o defend_v the_o bend_v tendon_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la from_o too_o great_a a_o collision_n on_o those_o head_n of_o the_o bone_n which_o they_o will_v else_o be_v subject_a to_o the_o like_a ossification_n i_o have_v more_o than_o once_o observe_v in_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o peroneus_a longus_n at_o its_o contortion_n over_o the_o os_fw-la calcis_fw-la towards_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o foot_n fig._n 3_o 4._o the_o former_a figure_n represent_v the_o external_n rough_a part_n of_o the_o patella_n the_o latter_a the_o internal_a smooth_a surface_n of_o the_o same_o bone_n cover_v with_o a_o cartilege_n which_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o juncture_n of_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la with_o the_o tibia_fw-la where_o it_o be_v fasten_v by_o the_o tendon_n of_o all_o the_o extend_v muscle_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la wherefore_o by_o spigelius_n its_o conjunction_n be_v call_v syntenosis_n the_o use_n of_o the_o patella_n by_o some_o call_a rotula_n mola_n scutum_fw-la os_fw-la scutiforme_a etc._n etc._n be_v to_o prevent_v the_o thigh-bone_n from_o thrust_v out_o forward_o especial_o in_o walk_v down_o any_o steep_a place_n and_o from_o press_v on_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o extend_v muscle_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la it_o also_o defend_v the_o articulation_n of_o the_o thigh_n and_o tibia_fw-la especial_o in_o kneel_v and_o like_o a_o poultry_n act_v on_o the_o lower-part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la to_o extend_v the_o tibia_fw-la when_o inflect_v the_o hundred_o &_o four_o table_n fig._n 1._o show_v the_o forepart_n of_o the_o right_n tibia_fw-la or_o major_a focile_a of_o the_o leg._n a_o a_o the_o sharp_a edge_n on_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la call_v its_o spina_n a_o superior_a a_o prominence_z on_o the_o upper-part_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la to_o which_o the_o great_a tendon_n of_o the_o muscle_n extend_v the_o leg_n be_v insert_v b_o a_o process_n in_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o upper_a appendix_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la to_o which_o a_o ligament_n be_v insert_v proceed_v from_o
the_o artery_n of_o a_o humane_a foetus_fw-la inject_v with_o wax_n and_o display_v after_o dissection_n 1_o the_o aorta_n or_o arteria_fw-la magna_fw-la cut_v from_o its_o origin_n at_o the_o orifice_n of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n 2_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o great_a coronal_z artery_n of_o the_o heart_n arise_v from_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi the_o rise_v of_o the_o lesser_a coronal_z artery_n not_o appear_v in_o this_o position_n of_o the_o arteria_fw-la magna_fw-la 3_o the_o canalis_fw-la arteriosus_n fill_v with_o wax_n by_o inject_v it_o into_o the_o aorta_n this_o arise_v from_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o pulmonick_a artery_n near_o its_o two_o ramification_n which_o pass_v into_o the_o lung_n and_o after_o a_o oblique_a descent_n under_o the_o beginning_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi empty_v itself_o into_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o its_o descend_v trunk_n as_o here_o express_v 28._o beside_o this_o communication_n between_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o a_o foetus_fw-la and_o arteria_fw-la magna_fw-la there_o be_v another_o call_v foramen_fw-la ovale_fw-mi by_o which_o part_n the_o blood_n at_o its_o entrance_n into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n pass_v into_o the_o pulmonick_a vein_n and_o the_o left_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n thence_o to_o the_o aorta_fw-mi hence_o it_o appear_v that_o the_o blood_n which_o flow_v into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n of_o the_o heart_n of_o the_o foetus_fw-la pass_v immediate_o by_o the_o canalis_fw-la arteriosus_n to_o the_o arteria_fw-la magna_fw-la as_o well_o as_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n which_o be_v receive_v immediate_o from_o the_o vena_fw-la câ—â—a_fw-la or_o right_a article_n of_o the_o heart_n into_o the_o pulmonick_a vein_n and_o leave_v ventricle_n so_o that_o the_o blood_n in_o the_o foetus_fw-la which_o run_v into_o the_o right_a ventricle_n pass_v immediate_o to_o the_o aorta_fw-mi by_o the_o systole_n of_o the_o heart_n as_o well_o as_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n not_o do_v any_o part_n of_o the_o blood_n of_o the_o right_a ventricle_n pass_v into_o the_o left_a or_o any_o blood_n of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n first_o pass_v the_o right_n as_o in_o the_o adult_n hence_o the_o heart_n in_o the_o foetus_fw-la may_v be_v say_v to_o have_v but_o one_o ventricle_n in_o effect_n since_o the_o blood_n which_o pass_v one_o do_v not_o come_v into_o the_o other_o before_o it_o arrive_v at_o the_o aorta_fw-mi after_o the_o birth_n when_o the_o infant_n have_v receive_v air_n into_o the_o lung_n and_o their_o vesciculae_fw-la remain_v distend_v and_o the_o ramification_n of_o the_o pulmonick_a artery_n and_o vein_n consequent_o be_v more_o display_v the_o blood_n thâ—â—_n begin_v to_o pass_v their_o extremity_n more_o free_o than_o before_o and_o the_o arterious_a channel_n at_o length_n become_v neglect_v as_o well_o as_o the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_fw-mi the_o former_a become_v a_o ligâ—â—â—â—_n and_o the_o latter_a close_v up_o the_o too_o early_a occlusion_n of_o these_o passage_n in_o child_n often_o produce_v many_o disorder_n as_o inflammation_n of_o divers_a part_n of_o the_o head_n neck_n and_o lungsâ—_n in_o which_o case_n bleed_v be_v of_o great_a use_n of_o this_o i_o have_v meet_v with_o many_o inâ—â—â—nces_n in_o the_o dissection_n of_o child_n i_o have_v often_o find_v the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_fw-mi open_v in_o the_o adult_n the_o canalis_fw-la arteriosus_n for_o what_o i_o have_v observe_v close_v soon_o than_o that_o foramen_fw-la 4_o 4_o the_o subclavian_n artery_n arise_v from_o the_o arteria_fw-la magna_fw-la to_o which_o the_o axillary_a artery_n and_o those_o of_o the_o arm_n 23_o 23_o be_v congee_v 5_o 5_o the_o two_o carotid_a artery_n arise_v from_o aorta_n between_o the_o subclavian_n artery_n 6_o 6._o the_o two_o vertebral_n artery_n arise_v from_o the_o subâ—leuâ—culae_fw-la which_o pass_v through_o all_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n from_o whence_o they_o be_v free_v 7_o 7._o the_o artery_n which_o convey_v blood_n to_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o face_n tongue_n adjacent_a muscle_n and_o glandule_n 8_o 8._o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o temporal_a artery_n spring_v from_o the_o carotide_n and_o give_v branch_n to_o the_o parcâ—ide_n gland_n 9_o 9_o as_o well_o as_o the_o temple_n 10_o 10._o also_o to_o the_o neighbour_a muscle_n hairy-scalp_n and_o forehead_n 11_o 11._o the_o occipital_a artery_n who_o trunk_n pass_v close_o by_o the_o mammiform_a process_n and_o be_v distribute_v on_o the_o hinder_v paâ—â—_n of_o the_o hairy-scalp_n where_o they_o be_v inosculate_v with_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o temporal_a artery_n 12._o diâ—ers_n artery_n which_o carry_v blood_n to_o the_o fauces_fw-la gaâ—gaâ—con_n and_o muscle_n of_o those_o pâ—â—â—â—_n 13_o 13._o the_o contortion_n of_o the_o carotid_v artery_n as_o they_o pass_v the_o basis_n of_o the_o skull_n to_o the_o brain_n 14_o 14._o those_o part_n of_o the_o carotid_v artery_n where_o they_o pass_v by_o each_o side_n of_o the_o solla_fw-it tâ—â—ica_fw-la where_o diâ—eâ—â—_n small_a branch_n do_v arise_v from_o they_o and_o help_v to_o compose_v the_o rete_fw-la 〈◊〉_d which_o be_v more_o conspicuous_a in_o quadrupedes_fw-la than_a men._n 15_o 15._o the_o contortion_n of_o the_o vertebra_n artery_n as_o they_o pass_v the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o first_o vendâ—â—â—â—_n â—â—_z the_o neck_n towards_o the_o great_a foramen_fw-la of_o the_o os_fw-mi occiputis_n i_o have_v more_o than_o once_o take_v notice_n that_o the_o cavity_n of_o these_o artery_n where_o they_o be_v conâ—eâ—â—ed_v have_v be_v large_a than_o their_o inferior_a trunk_n whereby_o the_o impetus_fw-la of_o the_o blood_n must_v necessary_o be_v very_o much_o lessen_v as_o well_o as_o by_o their_o contortion_n only_o in_o quadâ—â—pedes_n the_o angle_n of_o these_o contortion_n of_o the_o artery_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v more_o acute_a which_o in_o they_o be_v the_o more_o necessary_a to_o lessen_v the_o force_n of_o the_o blood_n at_o their_o extremity_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o horizontal_n position_n of_o their_o trunk_n 16._o the_o vertebral_n artery_n where_o they_o ascend_v on_o the_o medulla_n oblongata_fw-la towards_o the_o 〈◊〉_d protuberance_n or_o poâ—a_n varâ—â—_n 17_o 17._o the_o communicant_a branch_n between_o the_o carotid_n and_o vertebral_n artery_n in_o this_o subject_a somewhat_o large_a than_o we_o common_o find_v they_o 18_o 18._o the_o ramification_n of_o the_o artery_n within_o the_o skull_n the_o large_a trunk_n of_o which_o lie_v between_o the_o lobe_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o in_o its_o sâ—â—â—i_n from_o the_o extremity_n of_o these_o artery_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v continue_v its_o vein_n who_o trunk_n vary_v much_o in_o their_o position_n from_o the_o artery_n they_o enter_v the_o brain_n at_o its_o basis_n and_o distribute_v themselves_o as_o above_o note_v whereas_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vein_n be_v extend_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o discharge_v their_o blood_n into_o the_o longitudinal_n sâ—râ—s_v nor_o do_v the_o vein_n of_o the_o brain_n accompany_v its_o artery_n at_o their_o ingress_n as_o in_o other_o part_n or_o the_o artery_n and_o vein_n of_o the_o dura_n meter_n pass_v the_o same_o foramen_n in_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o skull_n 19_o 19_o the_o artery_n of_o the_o larynx_n thyroid_fw-fr glandule_n and_o adjacent_a muscle_n and_o part_n arise_v from_o the_o subclavian_n artery_n 20_o 20._o other_o arise_v near_o the_o former_a which_o convey_v blood_n to_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o scapulâ—_n 21_o 21._o the_o mammariae_fw-la which_o arise_v also_o from_o the_o subclavian_n artery_n and_o descend_v on_o the_o cartilage_n of_o the_o true_a râ—bs_n internal_o about_o half_a a_o inch_n distant_a on_o each_o side_n the_o or_o pectoris_fw-la or_o sâ—rmâ—n_o some_o branch_n of_o these_o pass_n through_o the_o pectoral_a as_o well_o as_o iâ—â—â—costal_a muscle_n and_o give_v blood_n to_o the_o mammae_fw-la where_o they_o meet_v with_o some_o branch_n of_o the_o intercostal_a artery_n to_o which_o they_o be_v inosculate_v these_o maminary_a artery_n join_v with_o the_o large_a trunk_n of_o the_o epigastrick_n 57_o 57_o also_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o impetus_fw-la of_o the_o blood_n in_o integument_n of_o the_o abdomen_fw-la be_v carry_v on_o with_o more_o force_n the_o exâ—â—â—es_n of_o the_o intercostal_n and_o lumbal_n artery_n do_v also_o inosculate_v with_o each_o other_o as_o well_o as_o with_o these_o 22_o 22._o the_o artery_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la and_o some_o of_o those_o of_o the_o scapulâ—_n 23_o 23._o those_o part_n of_o the_o large_a trunk_n of_o the_o artery_n of_o the_o arm_n which_o be_v liable_a to_o be_v wound_v in_o open_v the_o vena_fw-la basilica_n or_o innermost_a of_o the_o three_o vein_n in_o the_o bend_v of_o the_o cubit_n see_v fig._n 1._o of_o this_o appendix_n between_o 26._o and_o m_o where_o the_o precise_a progress_n of_o
the_o contortion_n of_o the_o carotid_a artery_n collateral_a to_o the_o sella_n turcica_n 1_o 1_o the_o glandula_n pituitaria_fw-la lie_v in_o the_o sella_n turcica_n 2_o 2_o the_o circular_a sinus_n or_o vein_n environ_v the_o pituitary_a gland_n and_o be_v first_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o dr._n ridley_n 3_o the_o infundibulum_fw-la in_o who_o inside_n i_o conceive_v the_o trunk_n of_o export_v lymphduct_n pass_v from_o the_o pinial_n gland_n beside_o which_o the_o inmost_a cavity_n of_o the_o infundibulum_fw-la itself_o transmits_n the_o aqueous_a humour_n of_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o brain_n into_o the_o pituitary_a gland_n where_o it_o join_v with_o the_o lymph_n above_o mention_v 4_o 4_o two_o artery_n take_v notice_n of_o by_o vieustens_n which_o pass_v out_o of_o the_o cranium_fw-la to_o the_o glandulous_a membrane_n of_o the_o foramina_fw-la narium_fw-la and_o neighbour_a 〈◊〉_d 5_o 5_o the_o bend_a part_n of_o the_o lateral_a sinus_n as_o they_o pass_v that_o part_n of_o the_o cranium_fw-la where_o the_o os_fw-mi temporum_fw-la sincipitis_fw-la and_o occipitis_n meet_v 6_o part_v of_o the_o dura_n mater_n raise_v and_o recline_v lateral_o to_o show_v the_o progress_n of_o the_o three_o four_o five_o and_o six_z pair_n of_o nerve_n 7_o 7_o the_o hard_a and_o soft_a trunk_n of_o the_o auditory_a nerve_n enter_v the_o os_fw-la petrosum_fw-la 8_o 8_o the_o eight_o pair_n of_o nerve_n or_o par_fw-fr vagum_fw-la together_o with_o the_o accessary_a nerve_n **_o accompany_v they_o at_o their_o egress_n **_o the_o accessary_a nerve_n 9_o 9_o the_o nine_o pair_n of_o nerve_n fig._n 27._o the_o trunk_n and_o three_o branch_n at_o one_o of_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o five_o pair_n within_o the_o cranium_fw-la a_o the_o trunk_n b_o it_o be_v gangleon_n c_o its_o foremost_a branch_n express_v at_o five_o in_o the_o precede_a figure_n pass_v out_o of_o the_o skull_n at_o the_o second_o perforation_n of_o the_o os_fw-mi sphenoide_v d_o it_o be_v middle_a branch_n somewhat_o less_o than_o the_o other_o two_o which_o pass_v out_o at_o a_o distinct_a foramen_fw-la of_o the_o os_fw-mi sphenoide_v collateral_a to_o the_o sella_n turcica_n and_o be_v reckon_v the_o three_o foramen_fw-la of_o that_o bone_n express_v tab._n 89._o fig._n 2._o e_o the_o third_z branch_n of_o this_o nerve_n which_o pass_v the_o six_o perforation_n of_o the_o sphenoide_n fig._n 28._o the_o basis_n of_o the_o brain_n with_o the_o large_a trunk_n of_o its_o blood-vessel_n of_o both_o kind_n injected_a with_o wax_n some_o of_o their_o ramification_n be_v clear_v of_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la together_o with_o the_o ten_o pair_n of_o nerve_n of_o the_o brain_n and_o a_o portion_n of_o the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la etc._n etc._n a_o a_o the_o foremost_a b_o b_o the_o hindmost_a lobe_n of_o the_o brain_n c_o c_o the_o cerebellion_n which_o in_o this_o subject_n be_v very_o large_a d_o d_o the_o two_o lateral_a sinus_n cut_n off_o after_o their_o declive_a and_o tortuous_a progress_n express_v in_o the_o first_o of_o the_o two_o precedent_a figure_n c_o c_o 5_o 5._o e_o e_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vertebral_n artery_n as_o they_o pass_v the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n in_o their_o tortuous_a progress_n through_o the_o great_a foramen_fw-la of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la to_o the_o medulla_n oblongata_fw-la and_o brain_n vid._n append._n fig._n 8._o k_o k._n f_o the_o vertebral_n sinus_n or_o large_a vein_n in_o who_o external_n membrane_n the_o wax_n be_v extrava_v which_o make_v it_o appear_v with_o a_o unequal_a surface_n as_o here_o express_v g_o g_o g_o g_o g_o a_o continuation_n of_o the_o dura_n mater_n divide_v according_a to_o its_o length_n one_o side_n lie_v on_o the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la the_o other_o be_v raise_v and_o pin_v out_o a_o a_fw-la foramen_fw-la to_o who_o margin_n the_o upper_a broad_a part_n of_o the_o infundibulum_fw-la be_v fasten_v and_o open_v into_o it_o insomuch_o that_o if_o you_o take_v out_o the_o brain_n with_o the_o infundibulum_fw-la remain_v to_o it_o and_o insert_v a_o blow-pipe_n into_o the_o four_o ventricle_n you_o may_v thereby_o not_o only_o distend_v that_o and_o the_o two_o lateral_a ventricles_n with_o wind_n but_o you_o will_v also_o see_v the_o infundibulum_fw-la rise_n and_o be_v distend_v also_o b_o b_o two_o white_a protuberance_n behind_o the_o infundibulum_fw-la c_o c_o two_o large_a branch_n of_o the_o carotid_a artery_n cut_v off_o before_o they_o pass_v between_o the_o foremost_a and_o hinder_v lobe_n of_o the_o brain_n d_o d_o two_o communicant_a branch_n between_o the_o carotid_n and_o cervical_a artery_n by_o which_o the_o latter_a chief_o become_v fill_v with_o wax_n it_o be_v inject_v into_o one_o of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o carotid_a artery_n only_o of_o one_o side_n hence_o we_o may_v be_v inform_v not_o only_o of_o the_o inosculation_n of_o the_o large_a branch_n of_o the_o carotid_a artery_n of_o the_o right_a side_n with_o those_o of_o the_o left_a but_o of_o their_o communication_n also_o with_o the_o vertebral_n artery_n as_o they_o pass_v the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n the_o wax_n in_o such_o a_o injection_n pour_v out_o by_o the_o vertebral_n as_o i_o have_v have_v occasion_n more_o than_o once_o to_o observe_v by_o inject_v these_o artery_n as_o above_o mention_v after_o the_o head_n together_o with_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n have_v be_v take_v from_o the_o body_n e_o e_o e_o e_o two_o large_a branch_n of_o the_o cervical_a artery_n sometime_o seem_v as_o though_o they_o come_v from_o the_o communicant_a branch_n from_o the_o foremost_a of_o these_o chief_o spring_n the_o artery_n of_o the_o plexut_n choroeides_n from_o the_o two_o hindmost_a arise_v those_o branch_n which_o go_v to_o the_o chorocid_n plexus_fw-la of_o the_o four_o ventricle_n of_o the_o brain_n f_o two_o little_a branch_n of_o the_o carotide_n h_z h_z the_o two_o trunk_n of_o the_o vertebral_n artery_n which_o compose_v the_o cervical_a g_o the_o cervical_a artery_n i_o i_o the_o spinal_a artery_n whick_z by_o reason_n of_o the_o retrograde_a motion_n of_o the_o wax_n or_o some_o coagulate_v blood_n in_o it_o near_o the_o vertebral_n artery_n be_v not_o fill_v with_o wax_n as_o the_o rest_n k_o a_o small_a branch_n of_o a_o artery_n run_v between_o the_o fasciculae_fw-la of_o the_o nerve_n of_o the_o nine_o pair_n on_o the_o right_a side_n near_o their_o original_n l_o l_o part_n of_o the_o crâ—ra_fw-la medullae_fw-la oblongata_fw-la immediate_o before_o they_o meet_v at_o their_o conjunction_n under_o the_o pons_n varolii_n m_o m_o the_o annular_a protuberance_n or_o pons_n varolii_n n_o that_o part_n of_o the_o caudex_fw-la medullaris_fw-la or_o medulla_n oblongata_fw-la on_o the_o right_a side_n call_v by_o willis_n and_o vicussenâ—us_n corpora_fw-la pyramidalia_n o_o that_o part_n on_o the_o same_o side_n call_v corpus_n osâ—â—â—â—â—_n p_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o carotid_a artery_n which_o divide_v the_o two_o anterior_a lobe_n of_o the_o brain_n from_o each_o other_o from_o whence_o spring_n some_o small_a branch_n which_o accompany_v the_o olfactory_a nerve_n at_o their_o egress_n by_o the_o os_fw-mi cribriforme_a fig._n 26._o 4_o 4._o q_o q_o little_a branch_n from_o the_o cervical_a artery_n which_o run_v under_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la that_o cover_v this_o part_n and_o sometime_o pass_v further_o to_o the_o plexus_fw-la chorotides_n in_o the_o four_o ventricle_n and_o cerebellum_fw-la r_o r_o r_o r_o other_o branch_n pass_v into_o the_o annular_a protuberance_n s_o s_o the_o two_o first_o medullary_n process_n of_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la which_o be_v continue_v to_o the_o protuberancia_n annularis_fw-la and_o seem_v to_o compose_v part_n of_o it_o the_o two_o second_o process_n of_o the_o cerebel_n be_v express_v tab._n 10_o fig._n 1._o s_o s_o t_o t_o the_o vein_n on_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la which_o pass_v according_a to_o its_o sulci_n or_o external_n furrow_n which_o vary_v very_o much_o in_o their_o progress_n from_o those_o of_o the_o brain_n itself_o v_o v_o v_o other_o vein_n various_o distribute_v on_o the_o cerebel_n which_o empty_v themselves_o into_o the_o lateral_a sinus_n w_o w_o the_o sulci_n of_o the_o brain_n in_o which_o large_a branch_n of_o vein_n and_o sometime_o artery_n may_v be_v see_v x_o x_o x_o their_o capillary_a branch_n as_o they_o appear_v under_o the_o pia_fw-la mater_fw-la on_o the_o external_n corrical_n surface_n of_o the_o brain_n 1_o 2_o 3_o 4_o 5_o etc._n etc._n the_o ten_o pair_n of_o nerve_n of_o the_o brain_n with_o seven_o of_o those_o of_o the_o spinal_a marrow_n 1_o 1_o the_o first_o pair_n of_o nerve_n of_o the_o brain_n call_v par_n olfaectorium_fw-la they_o be_v much_o large_a in_o brute_n and_o be_v hollow_a which_o hollowness_n communicate_v with_o the_o ventricles_n of_o their_o brain_n but_o do_v not_o appear_v so_o in_o humane_a
the_o extremity_n of_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n i_o the_o musculus_fw-la annuens_fw-la or_o rectus_n minor_n anticus_fw-la express_v somewhat_o foreshorten_v in_o appen_n fig._n 8._o k_o the_o rectus_n lateralis_fw-la or_o abnuens_fw-la lateralis_fw-la l_o the_o obliquus_fw-la superior_n capitis_fw-la m_o the_o musculus_fw-la rectus_n minor_n posticus_fw-la ay_o the_o auricula_fw-la or_o outward_a ear._n n_o the_o lobe_n of_o the_o ear_n cut_v off_o o_o that_o part_n of_o the_o superior_a orbit_n where_o the_o trochlea_n be_v fasten_v k_o k._n the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la l_o the_o os_fw-la squamosum_fw-la m_o the_o os_fw-la frontis_fw-la n_o part_v of_o the_o os_fw-mi sphenoide_v the_o nine_o table_n fig._n 36._o show_v divers_a muscle_n employ_v in_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o head_n and_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n which_o appear_v on_o the_o backpart_n a_o part_v of_o the_o hairy_a scalp_n remain_v on_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o head_n b_o the_o os_fw-mi occiputis_n make_v bare_a c_o part_v of_o the_o musculus_fw-la splenius_n leave_v at_o its_o insertion_n a_o part_v of_o the_o o_o jugale_n d_o d_o d_o the_o musculus_fw-la complexus_fw-la raise_v from_o its_o insertion_n to_o show_v its_o inside_n e_o e_o the_o recti_fw-la majores_fw-la that_o on_o the_o right_a side_n remain_v in_o situ_fw-la that_o of_o the_o leave_v hang_v down_o from_o its_o origin_n f_o f_o the_o obliqui_fw-la superiores_fw-la in_fw-la situ_fw-la g_o g_o the_o obliqui_fw-la inferiores_fw-la in_fw-la situ_fw-la h_o h_n the_o recti_fw-la minores_fw-la also_o in_o situ_fw-la b_o the_o processus_n mastoide_v of_o the_o left_a side_n make_v bare_a c_o the_o backpart_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n make_v bare_a d_o part_v of_o the_o complexus_fw-la insert_v to_o the_o mammiform_a process_n by_o falloppius_n make_v a_o distinct_a muscle_n which_o with_o its_o corresponding_n part_n on_o the_o other_o side_n he_o reckon_v the_o three_o pair_n of_o muscle_n of_o the_o head_n i_o i_o i_o i_o the_o spinales_fw-la colli_n that_o of_o the_o left_a side_n remain_v in_o situ_fw-la the_o right_o be_v raise_v from_o its_o inferior_a part_n and_o turn_v to_o one_o side_n to_o show_v its_o subjacent_a muscle_n the_o transversalis_n colli_n k_o the_o transversalis_n colli_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o inferior_a vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o be_v insert_v to_o the_o spinal_a process_n of_o its_o superior_a vertebra_n l_o l_o l_o the_o musculi_fw-la interspinales_fw-la colli_n these_o be_v not_o take_v notice_n of_o by_o author_n though_o they_o be_v distinct_a fair_a muscle_n as_o they_o be_v here_o represent_v it_o be_v for_o these_o muscle_n the_o spinal_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v make_v double_o they_o draw_v the_o spinal_a process_n near_o each_o other_o when_o we_o pull_v the_o head_n very_o much_o back_o as_o when_o we_o will_v look_v on_o the_o zenith_n e_o e_o e_o e_o the_o apices_fw-la of_o the_o double_a spinal_a process_n f_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n fig._n 37._o represent_v part_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o hear_v of_o a_o calf_n where_o a_o small_a bone_n distinct_a from_o that_o place_v between_o the_o long_a process_n of_o the_o incus_fw-la and_o stapes_fw-la may_v be_v see_v in_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la stapedis_fw-la schelbamer_n tell_v we_o of_o the_o like_a bone_n find_v in_o some_o animal_n lie_v in_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o internal_a muscle_n of_o the_o ear_n describe_v by_o eustachius_n but_o whither_o he_o have_v mistake_v it_o for_o the_o musculus_fw-la stapedis_fw-la no_o opportunity_n have_v hitherto_o give_v i_o occasion_n to_o observe_v the_o knowledge_n of_o this_o small_a bone_n in_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la stapedis_fw-la of_o a_o calf_n be_v communicate_v to_o i_o by_o the_o ingenious_a dr._n adare_n but_o there_o be_v no_o such_o contrivance_n in_o humane_a body_n a_o a_o part_v of_o the_o os_fw-la petrosum_fw-la b_o the_o foramen_fw-la rotundum_fw-la c_o the_o stape_n on_o the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_fw-mi e_o the_o musculus_fw-la stapedis_fw-la lie_v bare_a in_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o tympanum_fw-la it_o not_o be_v enclose_v in_o a_o bony_a channel_n in_o this_o animal_n as_o in_o humane_a body_n f_o the_o small_a bone_n in_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la stapedis_fw-la which_o be_v place_v on_o a_o rise_n of_o the_o os_fw-la petrosum_fw-la on_o which_o it_o act_v as_o on_o a_o poultry_n by_o which_o mean_v it_o draw_v the_o stape_n from_o the_o foramen_fw-la ovale_fw-mi g_o the_o cochlea_n open_v fig._n 38._o the_o backpart_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o pharynx_n and_o oesophagus_n a_o a_o a_o that_o part_n which_o compose_v the_o pharynx_n b_o b_o the_o musculus_fw-la pterygopharyngeus_fw-la this_o be_v erroneous_o divide_v into_o two_o pair_n of_o muscle_n by_o author_n as_o appear_v by_o tab._n 34._o fig._n 3_o 4._o after_o bourdon_n it_o have_v two_o thin_a fleshy_a origin_n from_o the_o root_n of_o the_o processus_n pterygoide_v and_o in_o a_o semicircular_a manner_n embrace_v the_o backpart_n of_o the_o glandulous_a membrane_n of_o the_o fauces_fw-la as_o well_o as_o the_o tonsillae_n when_o it_o act_v in_o deglutition_n it_o not_o only_o straiten_n the_o fauces_fw-la but_o compress_n the_o tonsillae_n as_o well_o as_o the_o lesser_a gland_n of_o the_o fauces_fw-la and_o force_n out_o their_o contain_v matter_n at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o join_v with_o the_o aliment_n in_o its_o descent_n to_o the_o stomach_n this_o muscle_n act_v in_o like_a manner_n in_o secretion_n or_o hawk_v up_o any_o tenacious_a matter_n whither_o lodge_v in_o the_o fauces_fw-la or_o excretory_a duct_n of_o the_o tonsillae_n i_o choose_v to_o make_v this_o a_o distinct_a muscle_n from_o the_o oesophageus_n not_o only_o because_o it_o be_v extend_v on_o that_o part_n call_v the_o pharynx_n but_o it_o act_v distinct_a from_o the_o oesophageus_n for_o when_o this_o be_v contract_v in_o deglutition_n that_o be_v dilate_v c_o c_o the_o tonsillae_n d_o d_o the_o musculi_fw-la stylopharyngei_n which_o draw_v the_o fauces_fw-la upward_o and_o dilate_v they_o e_o e_o the_o oesophageus_n or_o constructor_n gulae_fw-la f_o part_v of_o the_o superior_a long_a process_n of_o the_o scutiformal_a cartilege_n whence_o the_o last_o mention_v muscle_n partly_o arise_v g_o the_o musculus_fw-la vaginalis_fw-la gulae_fw-la cover_v with_o its_o external_n membrane_n the_o fibre_n of_o this_o perforated_a muscle_n of_o the_o gula_fw-la have_v a_o double_a order_n of_o fibres_n the_o external_n descend_v according_a to_o their_o length_n the_o internal_a part_n oblique_o the_o former_a seem_v to_o arise_v from_o the_o arytenoidal_a cartilage_n under_o the_o glottis_fw-la and_o pass_v somewhat_o oblique_o to_o the_o backpart_n of_o the_o gula_fw-la descend_v to_o the_o stomach_n the_o latter_a order_n of_o fibres_n seem_v to_o be_v a_o continuation_n of_o the_o constrictor_n gulae_fw-la and_o descend_v oblique_o to_o the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o stomach_n the_o office_n of_o this_o muscle_n be_v to_o press_v the_o aliment_n after_o deglutition_n into_o the_o stomach_n to_o which_o by_o its_o own_o weight_n it_o be_v apt_a to_o descend_v in_o humane_a body_n but_o in_o quadrupedes_fw-la the_o position_n of_o the_o gula_fw-la being_n horizontal_n this_o muscle_n be_v compose_v of_o a_o double_a order_n of_o spiral_n fibres_n mutual_o intercussate_v each_o other_o as_o it_o be_v describe_v by_o dr._n willis_n and_o other_o fig._n 39_o a_o portion_n of_o the_o intestinum_fw-la duodenum_fw-la distend_v with_o wind._n a_o it_o be_v external_n membrane_n continue_v from_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la raise_v b_o the_o external_n surface_n of_o the_o gut_n with_o the_o last_o mention_v membrane_n remain_v on_o it_o c_o the_o external_n longitudinal_n fibres_n of_o the_o intestine_a d_o the_o orbicular_a or_o circular_a fibre_n place_v immediate_o under_o the_o former_a which_o by_o dr._n cole_n be_v think_v to_o be_v spiral_n and_o a_o continue_a thread_n from_o one_o extreme_a of_o the_o gut_n to_o the_o other_o by_o which_o mean_v the_o peristaltic_a motion_n of_o the_o intestine_n be_v continue_v by_o what_o i_o can_v ever_o observe_v in_o examine_v these_o fibre_n whether_o after_o boil_a or_o not_o i_o must_v confess_v i_o can_v never_o be_v satisfy_v whither_o they_o be_v continue_v and_o of_o a_o spiral_n disposition_n nor_o indeed_o be_v it_o possible_a to_o untwist_v a_o single_a fiber_n if_o they_o be_v so_o dispose_a by_o reason_n of_o its_o smallness_n and_o collateral_a adhesion_n to_o each_o other_o by_o mean_n of_o their_o blood-vessel_n but_o on_o the_o contrary_n they_o rather_o appear_v on_o very_o strict_a examination_n to_o be_v semicircular_a some_o long_a and_o other_o short_a by_o which_o mean_n they_o more_o adequate_o bring_v the_o side_n of_o the_o intestine_a near_a each_o other_o