put off the very Nature of woman since another use of the Paps according to Hippocrates was to receive excrementitious moisture For if saith Hippocrates any disease or other event take away a womans Paps her voice becomes shriller she proves a great spitter and it much troubled with the paine in her head Men that pierce their Paps Before this Scene goes off I ought to take notice of a prophane Cavill of Momus against the Fabrique of the Breast of man who found fault that Nature had not made a Window in the Breast of man that one might have seen the motions of his heart and discovered the affections of his mind And amongst other things which King Don Alonso would who was Surnamed the Wise indiscreetly reforme in Nature this was one among the rest that he did blame her that she had not made a Window in mans Breast that he might see that which he was plotting in his heart and whether his manner of proceeding were faire and sincere or whether his words were feigned No need of a window in the Breast or whether like Janus he had two faces under one hood Alas the desired Window in the Breast would have been of little or no use since it stands not with the conveniency of most Nations to go with an open and bare Breast and say that the Breasts were generally exposed to the Eye Are not the Eyes two Casements that looke down into the Heart And hath not the Countenance a sufficient declaration of the Affection The Eyes being two severall Indexes of the same Nature in recompence and analogically to answer the curiosity of these mens Phantsies hath established a certaine Art of Physiognomy whereby a man may attaine unto a sufficient intelligence of the thoughts and affections of others SCENE XX. What mischief by swathing of Infants Dangerous Fashions and desperate Affectations about the Breast and Waste THe Pergamits as it appeares by Galens observation had a great affectation of old instreight swathing of their Children The walls saith he of the Breasts are for the most part depraved by Nurses while they from the first education do over-strictly bind them about with swathing bands espeicially saith he is this daily done among us to Virgins for while their Nurses are carefull to encrease their Hips and sides that they may exceed the Breast in magnitude they roll them all over with certaine bands and more vehemently restraine and compresse all the parts of the Scapula and Thorax whence it comes to passe sometimes that when all the parts are not equally compressed the Breast is made to bunch out forward or else the hinder parts that belong to the Back-bone are made Gibbous Swathing a cause of crookednesse so that they become crook-backt Another inconvenience also follows that the Back becomes as it were quite broken and brought to one side insomuch indeed as one of the Scapula's is not increased but appeares small and compressed We have the judgement of Frabicius Hildanus and Sennertus both learned men touching this matter In certaine Regions saith Hildanus and Families Hild. lib. de morb puer it is a custome by involving their little Infants as soone as they are born for what cause they know not to pen them up in too streightswathing Bands Whence it often happens that their bodies and limbs protuberate with crooked bunches and other deformities of the Knees Legs and other parts but also by reason of the more strict involution it happens which no man need to doubt of that their bones being yet tender soft and cartilaginious are easily wrested and drawn out of their naturall scituation which afterwards by degrees harden into an excrescence which he had observed in many Hereupon becomming crook-backt and lame the naturall proportion of the body is depraved and the body made incommensurate for whereas a measure taken from the Crown of mans head to the sole of his foot should answer to the distance between the middle finger of his right hand to the middle finger of his left hand when the Armes are stretched out to the full length this proportion cannot be observed in crook-backt men and hence they are justly accounted unproportioned The providence that is to be used in the swathing of Infants is a thing of high concernment and therefore there cannot be too much said thereof Take therefore what Mercatus hath of this matter This Cautions in ordering Infants saith he ought alwaies to be the care of Nurses Mercat de Infant Educat l. 1. that when they swathe their Children they endeavour to touch and handle every part of their body gently and carefully to divide that lightly which is to be divided and to extend that which is to be extended and depresse that which is to be depressed and to fashion every part according to the innate and more comly proportion of each part yet they must do it with a tender compression and with the very ends of their fingers too But swath-bands being provided for that purpose for the right ordering of the structure of the body if there be need they must gently and softly rewake and rectifie the members but if they be formed according to Nature they ought in no wise inconsiderately to touch them because oftentimes they fall into worse condition through the carelesnesse of those that handle them and for that cause they must not only be very carefull to swathe their Children but also in laying of them down when they are swathed lest some part should chance to remain awry or ill figured They must also gently squeese the bladder that they may the more easily make water Moreover the hands and armes are to be extended to the knees They must lightly bring the feet on both sides backward to the back and before to the head that they may learne to bend every part which ought to be bent yet they ought not to remaine setled upon the belly lest they prejudice the Entralls neither againe ought they to hold them with their face downwards untill they are swathed all over For it is better first to compose the swathbands that being laid they may receive the Infant upon his back yet they must observe this caution lest in swathing them a leg or an arme the backe or the neck be by any meanes distorted Our Custome of swathing children condemned they ought to cleane the Nose and to wipe the eyes with a gentle linnen cloath and thus after they have suckt sufficiently to lull them asleep by very gentle motions of the Cradle for by violent rockings the Epilepsie ariseth And it is better from the third month that they should be carried and in the Nurses armes lull'd asleep also you must take heed that you bind them not too strictly for that oftentimes is the cause of gibbosity and crookednesse neither therefore ought they to be too loose because their members are wont to lose the naturall figure and acquire that which in the relaxed
great Travellers who told me they have a kind of Physiognomy to discerne of all Nations by the figure of their Heads which Observation is raised upon this ground that whereas every Nation have differences of manners by which they are easily discerned one from another insomuch as you may know of what discent from any Nation any one is either by his Voice Speech Discourse Policy Conversation Diet Affaires Love Hatred Anger and manner of Warfare and such like Exercises so every Nation whether Civill or Barbarian hath not only Peculiar Customes and Rites but also Peculiar Affectations of Forme or Shape of their Bodies which will be Abundantly discovered by a world of strange Artifices and Pragmaticall endeavours Practised in this History even from the Head to Foot all tending to Accomodate their Affectations with the Pride and Vanity of such unnaturall distinctions The Low-Country-Men or Dutch of Belgia Schenckii observat de capite obs 26. ex vesalio have some what Long Heads which with them is the most Fashionable Figure this their Mothers cause being carefull to bring them to it laying them when they are Infants and wrapt in swadling Cloaths in their Cradles suffering them to sleep most upon their sides and Temples Baptist Port. Hum. Physiogn lib. 2. Pinaeus opusc Phys Anat. lib. 1. The Portugals have generally long Heads which happen by the same Artifice of the Midwives for as God makes so the Midwife shapes and shee is directed by the Mother and Women present at her Labour and lying in who all will be sure to put the Midwife in mind of moulding the Childes Head to the Fashion most in request Some also by an affected or an enforced thin Diet have attained unto the same badg of Gentility For that will doe it as Hippocrates affirmes for thereby the Temporall Muscles being dryed up the Temples become thereupon hollow And so their Heads seem longer the proportionate Latitude of the Head being thereby diminished Short-Heads This affectation of Nurses in divers Regions and Families practised upon a supposition of conferring Beauty upon Children Fabric Hild. Cent. 2. observat 99. Sennerrus Inflitè lib. 2. pars 2. cap. 13. and their streight binding their Heads to force them to the Formis Sennertus and Hildanus both take Notice of and condemne For by the compression of the Skull and that thus extending of it in length the Braine together with its Ventricles are compressed whence the Spirits not sufficiently prepared and well wrought the Head is weakened and made obnoxious unto Cathars and if such Children grow up to Adolescency which yet happens very rarely they prove to be of a slower and duller Wit that old saying being manifestly verified in them Malas artes Inventoribus malè cedere Purchas Pilg. 4. lib. 6. The Men of Brasil have flat Heads the hinder part not round but flat which may very well be imagined to proceed from some Affectation or Fancie that they have of such a forme of the Head The inconveniences that many times attend this affected Fashion of the Head when the Nape with a little bunchines remaineth not but the Nodock is made flat are that the Brain is not so Figured as is requisite for Wit and Hability For the depression of this posterior prominency of the Head weakens the Habilitie to Action as Galen shewes the reason is because Voluntary motion depends upon the Nerves whose principle the Cerebellum is Since therefore the Originall and chiefe Instrument of Voluntary motion resides in the hinder part of the Head Men are by this depraving the Figure of their Heads made more cold and indisposed unto motion and so likewise unto recordation the After-Braine the seat of Memory being thus perverted Benivenius de abditis Which effect was observed as Benivenius reports in the dissection of one James a Famous Thiefe the hinder part of whose Head where the seat of Memory is was found so short that it contained but a very little portion of Braine for which cause when he could least of all remember the Banishments Imprisonments and Torments he had suffered for his former Villanies falling like an impudent Dog to his Vomit was at last Hanged which put an end to his Life and Theft together At this Day the Grecians and Turks have round Heads much resembling a Globe which they affect and nourish by Art in their Children as holding it the most commodious forme to fit their Turbants and Shashes which they weare on their Heads The Antuerpiensians have also round Heads which is a Comely Fashion as they think and in good repute among them The Virgins of Bruxels likewise for the most part are round-Heads but only that they have a sharper Chin. Caelius Rhod. variar lect lib. 18. The French are observed to have their Heads somewhat Orbicular to which their disposition and Naturall temper is Analogicall And the unnaturalnesse of the Figure leads us to suspect the Artifice of the Nurses hand to concurr to their conformation therefore the French Haberdashers being furnished onely with Hats proportionable for such Heads have much adoe to fit an English Mans Head with a Hat insomuch as when they fall upon this difficulty they are wont to tell him that his Head is not A-la-mode All that they gaine who thus Trespasse against the Justice of Nature enforcing their Heads to a Sphericall form or through roundnesse is a quick moving unstablenesse forgetfullnesse small discretion and little Wit For the Motion of the Spirit never ceaseth nor resteth Broad-Heads as in many French Men and Spaniards Hilly Phisiog and the like in certaine Germans hath been observed and noted For when the forme of the Head is through round then is the middle Ventricle large and the Spirits working in the same so large untill these finde a large place which in the meane time are not sufficiently united and in such wise is the vertue Estimative weakened by that the Spirits are carried round about the bounds of the same insomuch that such Men having the like formed Heads are ill reported of for their proper qualities and conditions in Physiognomie Albertus magn de secret Mulier Albertus Magnus indeed commends a round-Head and would have Boyes loved that have round Heads because that is the most Noble Figure Therefore Nurses saith he are wont to compresse and endeavour to make Boyes Heads round which hence seems to have been accustomed either in Padua or Ratisbone The Apichiqui Pichunsti Sava Purchas Pilgr 4. lib. 7. People of the Indies affect the same mad Gallantry of a broad Head and platter Face to bring their Children to which Affected deformity they lay one board on the Forehead and another on the Neck so keeping them in press from Day to Day untill they be foure or five Yeares old The Geometricall pates of our Square-headed and Platter-faced Gallants is a new Contrivance For these Fashions of the Head were not knowne and discovered in
Historia the Portugals sailing in the mid way to Calecut where the Dog-star cannot be seene they found in a certaine Island men provided with two Armes and as many Hands on the right side with Asses Eares and a Mans Face who run like Harts And we find it recorded in the Acts of Alexander the Great Idem King of Macedon that in India there were men endowed with six Armes and as many Hands who all their life time incur no sicknesse which was believed to be another species of men C. Valerius M. Herennius Consuls Jul. obsequâ—ns a maid brought forth a Boy with one hand Salmuthus speakes of a Boy who altogether wanted his Left hand Salm. obser Cent. 1. Obs 15. in place whereof he obtained the fore-foot of a Cat a miserable Spectacle P. Africanus and Laelius Consuls Idem at Amiternum there was a Boy borne with one hand and three feet In Tartaria there is found a Nation that have but one Arme and one Leg and Foot of whom you may heare more in the three and twentieth Scene Men without Armes Many also have appeared without Armes And even now while this Impression of mans Transformation was working off there was publiquely to be seene a young man borne at Hagbourne within foure miles of Abbington whose name is Iohn Simons born without Armes Hands Thighs or Knees who had no joint in his Knees but one continued bone from his Hip unto his Foot not in height above three quarters of an Ell from head to foot and yet from the wast upward as proportionable a body as any ordinary man wanting his Armes and from the waste downward not a full quarter of a yard in the Twist He is about twenty yeares of Age he writeth with his mouth he threads a Needle with his mouth he tyeth a knot upon thread or haire though it be never so small with his mouth he feedeth himselfe with spoon-meat he Shuffels Cuts and Dealeth a pack of Cards with his mouth An observing Divine a Traveller and friend of mine told me upon occasion of Discourse of this armelesse man that he saw in Cheapside London but few daies before a child that was borne without Armes and had two little hands which it could move standing out of its shoulders a poore woman had the child in her armes begging with it Idem Lycost l. prod ostent p. 141 ex Rom. Histor Com. ad lib. 3. Tech. Galeni Text. 177. T. Gracchus M. Iuventius Consuls at Privenum there was a Girle born without a hand In Picenum there was an Infant borne without hands and feet Haly Rodoham saith he had seen a man who was then alive who had neither hands nor feet Anno 1591 Feet used for Hands Incert Author February 8th there was a Female born at Strausburge who wanted all her fingers both of her hands and feet and lived to the ninth of Iuly following It is not omitted by Dion Dion how that among other presents sent from the Indians to Augustus there was a little youth without Armes who yet with his feet performed the exploits of hands for he could bend a Bow shoot an Arrow and moreover sound a Trumpet We have seen saith Alexander Benedictus Alex. Benedict a woman borne without Armes using her Feet for hands in spinning and sewing Sim. Majolus Simon Majolus reports to have seen such Creatures often in Italy The Learned may find a world of such Histories in Skenckius and Aldrovandus And the recompence of this errour as they call it of Nature in a Brittish woman in Tulpius and in Lotichius Tulp obser med l. 3. c. 54. Lotich obser lib. 6. cap. 2. obser 4 5. of an English and a Dutch woman strangely recompenced in as much as some admiring the wonderfull dexterity of men of distorted lamed or dibilitated members or who are altogether deprived of them how they for the most part use other members besides their office they were ordained for have thought one might say considering the force of Custome which is another Nature that perfection did not consist in the distinction of members but in their continuall use The ordinary Complement with Nature upon such occasions is That Her unsearchable industry as it with great wittinesse appeareth every where yet more eminently in those bodies wherein as 't were unmindfull of her charge or businesse she hath frustrated of this or that member Sedigiti which errour as it were with some shamefac'dnesse she abundantly recompenceth by a munificent liberality Plin. Nat. Hist lib. 11. cap. 43. Gel. l. 15. c. 24. Petr. Crin l. 3. de poetis c. 65. Some men there be that have six fingers upon one hand Pliny reports that M. Curiatius a Nobleman of Rome had two Daughters so handed whereupon they were Surnamed Sedigitae He speakes also of one Volcatius who was an excellent Poet who had six fingers to one hand whereupon he was Surnamed Sedigitus Haly Rhod. Com. ad lib. 3. Tech. Galen num 177. Jac. Rueff de concept generat homin lib. 5. Haly saies he had often seen a finger added Iacobus Rueffus records of some that are borne with superabundant parts of their members one having twelve fingers upon his hands There was a monstrous Boy about fifteene yeares of age seen at Arelat Anno 1561. in the month of Iuly Valer. lib. 4. observ 2. who had six fingers on each hand but in his Left hand the ring and middle finger were joyned together without any space at all betweene them this Boys hands were broad Corvus the Chyromancer and H. Vuolfius affirme that they had seen such Franc. Joh. Post ad Schenck dat is observ In a certaine Town called Kittinga Postthius saies he saw an honest Matron with six fingers on a hand who brought forth a Son who had as many fingers Aldr. Monst Hist Aldrovandus was informed from men worthy of credit that lately in the Country of Ferrara viz. Anno 1579. on the twenty fourth day of Iuly about Evening there was a monster borne with foure Armes every of whose hands were bounded with six fingers Salmuthus saies A sixth finger unprofitable he knew a certaine Counsellours Daughters of Leipsick who obtained six fingers on either hand one was taken off from the right hand but there remained almost more deformity than before this maid also was lesse handy about any businesse on which occasion 't was doubted or made a quaery after what sort therefore in our Bibles the Giant of Gath was reported to be stronger than others 2 Sam. 21. in respect of his sixe fingers on his hands and feet Since according to Pliny Plin. l. 11. c. 52. looke what part is more than ordinary by Nature in any living Creature the same serveth to no use As for example the sixth finger in a mans hand is ever superfluous Coelius Rodig Antiq. Lec 17. cap. 12. and therefore fit for nothing
hidiousnesse of their voice but yet they are nothing so monstrous or Giant-like as they were reported there being some English men as tall as the highest of any that we could see but peradventure the Spaniards did not think that ever any English man would come thither to reprove them and thereupon might presume the more bolder to lie the name Pentagones five cubits viz. seven foot and a halfe describing the full height if not somewhat more in the highest of them but this is certaine that the Spanish cruelties there used have made them more monstrous in mind and manners than they are in body Master Pretty Hackluit in his English voyage a Gentleman of Suffolke in his discourse of Candish his voyage about the world being himselfe imployed in the same actions tels us that measuring the print of an Indians foot in the sand not far from the Coast of Brafill he found it to be eighteen inches long by which computation the Indian himselfe in proportion could be no less than nine foot Cassanion likewise acknowledgeth that in the Land of Sammatra and neare the Antartick Pole Men of very tall stature some are found of ten or twelve foot high Lastly Anthony Pigafetta a great Traveller in his time as testifieth Goulart affirmes Goularts memorable histories of our Time that he had seen toward the same Pole so tall a Giant as other tall men did not reach with their heads above his Navell and others beyond the streights of Magellane which had their necks a Cubit long and the rest of their body answerable thereunto Hereunto may be added the Collections of Master Purchas in his Pilgrimage The Spaniards saith he which with Magellane first discovered the Streights saw Giants on this Coast of which he carried away one with him to sea where after for want of sufficient food he died And besides that some of our own at another time measured the print of mens feet eighteene inches in the sand Oliver Noort in his world-compassing voyage had three of his men slaine by men of admirable stature with long haire not far from Port-Desire about forty seven degrees of southerly Latitude and after in the Magellane streights discomfited a band of savages which neither would yield nor flee from their wives and children which were in a Cave just by till every man was slaine Foure Boyes the Hollanders carried away one of which learning their Language told them of three Families or Tribes in those parts of ordinary stature and of a fourth which were Giants ten or eleven foot high which warred upon the former Sebalt de Weert being detained five months in the streights by foule weather sent his men to fish for their provision which exceedingly failed who there were suddenly assayled by seven Canoes of Giants Over-talnesse of stature a deformity which they guessed to be so high as is mentioned who being put to flight by their peeces fled to land and pluckt up trees in their rude manner barricadoing and fortifying themselves against further pursuit of the Hollanders who were no lesse glad that they were rid of such company And in another place he saith that whole Families of those monstrous men are found at this day in America both neare to Virginia as Captaine Smith reports and especially about the streights of Magellane neare which he found Giants and in the same streights were such seene of the Hollanders ten foot in height whereas yet other Families were but of the ordinary greatnesse one Thomas Turner told me saith he that neare the River of Plate he saw one twelve foot high Joh. Laureat Anania Tract 4. Cosmogr To which we may adde those Giants called Patagones of nine or ten foot high which inhabit within a certaine Region of America who paint their faces with the juyces of certaine herbs Not to reckon the women of Selenitis Lycost Ravis Textor and Aldrovandus who contrary to the manner of other women lay Eggs which being hatched by them and disclosed there come forth men which encrease to a Giant-like stature These bodies that so exceed and run out in longitude lose the beauty of proportion for that thereby they become Giants a deformity not to be cured unlesse we should do as that Robber in Galen who cut off the feet of men that were too tall Concerning the originall of Giants and the cause of their vast procerity of body much might be collected out of sacred Writers The originall of Giants As Just Mart. in Apol. ad Senat Rom. in alia Apol. ad Antonium pium Tert. lib. de habitu mulier Lactant. li. 2. de orig her cap 15. Euseb lib. 5. de prapar Evang. cap. 3. Philo in lib. de Gigantibus Ambrosius l. 1. de Noë Arca. cap. 4. Clem. Alex. Sulp. Severus Isidor Gyrald Francisc Mirandul Gen. 6. v. 2 3. and approved Historians for some of the Fathers seeme to think that the Giants which preceded the Deluge were borne of the Congresse of Angels with Women they seeme to favour that opinion that the Angels sinned with women taking that of Genesis in this sense Then the Sons of God saw that the Daughters of men were very faire and they tooke them wives of all that they liked and there were Giants in the earth in those daies yea and after that the Sons of God came unto the Daughters of men and they had borne them Children these were mighty men which in old time were men of renowne And however some take the Sons of God here spoken of to be the degenerated sons of Seth Yet Kornmannus thinks that he is more in the right to thinke that these were Angels and spirituall substances who being allured by the beauty of the Daughters of men lay with them Jo. Lauren. Ananias in lib. de Nat. daemonum l. 2. from whence Giants were procreated When then the sons of God fell foule upon the Daughters of men the flames of lust alwaies encreasing that almost all or very few excepted deviated from the right path the feare of God quite exploded from the Earth and set at nought at length by the nefarious arts of Devils Giants were every where produced with a vast and incondit bulke of body little becomming the humane Nature these Giants puffed up with pride and arrogance assumed to themselves the names of the sons of God contemned others in respect of themselves whom they call'd the sons of men at length they drew upon themselves and the the whole world divine vengeance that they all perished in the Deluge except Noah The supposed originall of Heroe◠The Heathen likewise for the most part derive their Heroes and mighty men from the like originall Nay there are yet many Nations which count it an honour to derive their Pedigree from Divels Kornman de mirac vivorum Jo. Nyder in Formicar lib. 5. cap. 10. Joan. de Barros who had the company of women in the shape of men The Pegusians
made all and when or how he would forme this or that he knowes best having the perfect skill how to Beautifie the Universe by opposition and diversity of parts but he that cannot contemplate the Beauty of the whole stumbles at the deformity of the part and not knowing the Congruence that it hath with the whole Yet God forbid that any one should be so besotted as to think the Maker erred in these Mens Fabrick though we know not why he made them thus be the diversity never so great he knowes what he doth and none must reprehend him therefore what Nations so e're have shapes differing from that which is in most Men and seem to be exorbitant from the Common forme if they be definable to be reasonable Creatures and Mortall they must bee acknowleged for Adams Issue But St. Austin here speaks more like a Divine then a Philosopher for although the supreame efficient and supernaturall cause of Monsters is God and that when Nature seems to deflect from the common Law established shee is rapt by a Divine force and there is aliquid Divini in the peculiar cause of these transfigurations of the Humane forme and that the finall cause of these prodigious apparitions may be the anger of God who is no way bound to the Law of Nature and who in revenge for some crime committed may transforme a Man as he did Nebuchadnezzar or give over a self-deformed Nation to the vanitie of their own inventions yet it sounds very harsh to the principles of our Philosophie that the God of Nature should be so glorified by such strange apparances that evill and imperfect Creatures should concurre to the perfection of the universe since they have no reference to the Beauty of the World because the Beauty of the universe consists in things perfect and permanent and Monsters quatenus Monsters being nothing but defects and privations can contribute no perfection and so consequently appertaine not to the Beauty of the universe if they did conferr any ornament they should for the most part be produced because the great decorum of the World is sustained by frequent effects but Monsters happen rarely and therefore they ought to be segregated from the Ornaments of the World and if they had come to light to adorne the World they had from the beginning of the World appeared which we read of no where How this Monstrous alienation from the Humane Form was first introduced and continued is not so easie to conjecture St Augustine de civit Dei St Augustine thinks that the same reason may be given for these deformed Nations as there is for those Monstrous productions of Men which sometimes happen among us of which kind of prodigious productions there are many records wherein Nature seems to have upbraided Mans invention and to retaliate his affectations Anno Dom. 1525 at Wittenberg an Infant was borne without a Head Anno 1554 In Misnia an Infant was born without a Head Fincelius de mirac nostri temporis the Effigies of Eyes expressed in his Breast Anno Domini 1562 in the Calends of November at Villafranc in Vasconia a Monster was borne a Female Acephalon the Pourtraiture of which headlesse Monster Fontanus who religiously affirmed that he had seen it having communicated to Johannes Altinus the Physitian Schenchius de monst capit he presented it to Paraeus when he was writing his Commentarie of Monsters Paraus lib. 24. cap. 6. And reason may perswade us that it is not impossible for it may happen by the constitution of the Climate that the Neck may not be allowed to be eminently advanced above the Shoulders and yet the instruments of Nature may performe their Office in a nearer approach of the Neck unto the Body Kornmannus lib. 1. de vivorum miraculis which is the opinion of Kornmannus But for my own part I much suspect some villanous Artifice and affectation to have been concurrent causes of this non-appearance of the Head and some fantasticall dislike of the Naturall distance between the Head and the Body by the interposition of the Neck which hath been the humour of some other Nations who have in a manner no Neck as appears in this Scene and in the fifteen and sixteenth of this our practicall Metamorphosis where you shall find this very Nation described as if they affected to have their Shoulders higher then their Heads And Sr Walter Rawleigh saith their Heads appeare not above their Shoulders And I conceive that they are not so much headlesse as that their Heads by some Violent and constant Artifice are pressed down between their Shoulders and affecting to have their Shoulders higher then their Heads the Scapula's by the constant endeavour of their Levators grown to a habit hath drowned the Head in the Breast the Head being crowded too close to the Shoulders and as it were growing to them the Neck is quite lost and the Eies seem planted as upon the Shoulders and the Mouth in the Breast a shadow of which resemblance we may sometimes see in very croked short neck'd Men. And consequently all the uses of the Neck in point of circumspection are quite lost by this Artifice and the Donation of Nature therein is made void for they cannot with ease turne their Head about to and fro every way to looke about them the Spondyles or turning round Bones tied and fastened one unto another by joynts and knots cannot possible in this posture accomplish their Motions But this charge and evidence I give in only against them by way of presumption you Gentlemen Readers of the Jury may give up your Verdict according to your judgments and either find Billa Vera or returne Ignoramus Sr. John Mandevils Travels cap. 83. Beyond the Land of Cathay there is a Wildernesse wherein are many wild Men with Hornes on their Heads very hideous and speake not but rout as Swine That men should be so cornuted or have horns grow on their Heads is a thing neither impossible nor incredible for many have been Borne cornuted Amat Lusit cent cur 51. Amatus Lusitanus speaks of a Boy Borne with a little horne on his Head Lycost Chron de prod stent Ann. 1233 In Rathstade a Town in the Norican Alpes which the Inhabitants call Taurus there was an Infant Borne cornuted Jacobus Fincelius de miraculis Anno 1551 in a Village of Marchias call'd Dammenuvald neer Whitstock a Country Mans Wife brought forth a Monster with such a horned Head Among the Subalpians in Quierus a little Town ten Miles distant from Taurin Teurin Anno Dom. 1578 Amb. Paraeus lib. 24. cap. 2. the seventeenth of January about 8 of the clock at Night an honest Matron brought forth a Child having five hornes one against another on his Head like unto Rams hornes Lanfraneus saw a man who came unto him for his advice Lanfraneus tract 3. Doct. 2. cap. 3. Chirur Major who had seven Eminencies in his Head one
greater then another and in divers places whereof one was so great and acute like the horne of a young Goat or an Inch long Ingrassias saith Ingrassias that together with that prudent Chirurgian Iacobus à Sorius he saw at Panhorn a certaine Noble Virgin who had many crooked hornes sharpe at the end representing the Effigies of the hornes of a young Steere which rendred her so deformed that she rather look'd like a Devill then a Woman One Margaret about sixty years the Widow of David Owen a Welsh Man had growing in her Forehead a horn much like unto the horns of a Lamb as I finde in a private marginall note to Schenckius observations written by some Physician or Chirurgion that owned the Book It is reported of a certaine Sect of the Bannian Priests Aloisius Epist Meaco Iaponis ad Indias Sinas missa that they have as it were a little horne standing out upon their Heads I remember I have read in Camerarius or some other a Story of a certaine King who being jealous of his Queen and supposing himselfe to be a Cuckold dreamt one night that he was cornuted indeed and that he had reall hornes budding out of his Forehead and he found his dream true when he waked which the Author there descanting upon conceives to be possible by Vertue of Imagination transferring matter thither fit for such a production Horned Nations That hornes may be engrafted upon the Head appeares possible by the report too we have read of some Nations who are wont to cut off the spurs from the heeles of Cocks new gelt and to ensert them so cut off into their own Foreheads which afterwards encrease there and grow in a wonderfull manner Now whether this cornuted Nation was the offspring of any horned Monsters sufferd to propogate themselves and so to become nationall or whether they at first affecting such a badge of Beastiall strength engrafted them and so it became Naturall unto them I leave to my Masters of the Jury to find out upon a Melius inquirendum Among other contrivances of Mans cruell invention I shall annex a strange Histoy out of Fabricius Hildanus In the Yeare 1593 at Paris there was an Infant about 15 or 18 Months old who had the skin of its Head so extended that it exceeded the magnitude of the Head of any Infant Hydrocephalos that was ever seen This Childs Parents did carry it about from Town to Town to shew and thereby exceedingly enriched themselves Among other Monstrous formes and prodigious apparitions of the Head we shall here present Bicipites or Men with two Heads I saw saith Hali a Man that was Borne having two Heads one seperated from the other Coelius Rhodiginus is reported to have seen two Monsters in Italy one a man the other a Woman Paraeus lib. 24. oper suor cap. 2. their Bodies in all parts well and neately composed but that they had two Heads of which the Woman lived five and Twentie Yeares Bicipites Anno 1538 there was one Borne who grew up to the perfect Stature of a Man with his Head and Shoulders only double so that one Head was backwardly opposite unto the other wonderfull like one another their Beards and Eyes very much resembling each the other they had both the same appetite to meat both sensible of one hunger Ruâ—ff lib. 5. cap. 3. de concep generat hom their voyce alike the same desire of one Wife which they had and of enjoying her was to both Heads he was above 30 Yeares of age when my Author chanced to see him The like Monster Lycosthenes saw in Bavaria Anno 1541 Lycost Prodig ostent Chron. shee was a Woman of about Twenty six Yeares old with two Heads whereof one was sufficiently deformed I confesse I have not in all my inquisition discovered a Nation of such Men although there may possibly be such a Nation in the World since there have been such of both Sexes and wee by these relations see they may live to the Age of generation although it be against the common condition of Monsters who for the most part are very short lived for as they are borne against Nature so they live moreover they are very irksome to themselves because they are mocking-stocks to other Mortals therefore they judge their life displeasing to them but the number of those that have been Borne with two Heads are very many Lycost Anno mundi 3791. Ruff. lib. 5. cap. 3 de generat Homi. In Vientum there was a Boy Borne with two Heads At Frusinon a maid brought forth a Son with two Heads Anno Domini 601 there was a Boy Borne that was double Headed Men with two Heads Lycost lib prodig An. 3838. uterque ut Schonchius videtur ex Julio obsequente Lycost lib. prod Anno 1552 in Hassia three dayes after the Feast of the three Kings or Twelfth-Tide there was a Masculine Infant borne with two Heads a double Neck and with a Body very well compact and agreeing with the other members Anno 554 in the Village of Senas there was a Monstrous Boy Borne with two Heads which Valeriola reports from the Testimonie of Men of Credit who were Spectators and Eye witnesses of this Prodigie Valeriola loc com lib. 1. cap. 18 Cicero speaks of a Girle Borne with two Heads Cicero de divinat Aventimus Annal. Bojorum lib. 7. About the Yeare of our Lord 1413. On the 9th of the Calends of Aprill there was a Girle Borne in Sanders-Droff with two Heads Anno 1544 in the Month of January there was a Female Childe Borne with two Heads Cardan de variet lib. 14. cap. 77. in all other things representing one Body Anno 1487 at Patavia there was an Infant Borne Licosth lib. prodig in whom besides this Capitall luxurie there was nothing uncomely to behold Anno 1536 at Lovane there was an Infant Borne with two Heads Gemma lib. 1. c. 6. Cosmocrit And in the memory of Peucerus there was a Child seen in Hassia Peucerus Toratoscop 440. Facie aversa the fift of the Ides of January Anno 440 with two Heads reflected towards the Back whose Faces being obverse beheld one another with a frowning countenance Anno 1553 in a certaine village of Misnia Lycosth prodi called Zichest not far from Pirnauu there was an Infant Borne with two Heads being absolute in all the other Members Bicipites The apparition of these Monstrous Men was ever held prodigious Rabbi Moses partic 24 Aphorism Porphirius saith that over the Land of Sicilie there happened a great Eclipse and that Yeare the VVomen of that Region brought forth deformed Sonns having two Heads Lycost lib. prodig Anno Domini 1104 there were monstrous Births brought forth Cattell and Men Borne with two Heads Aventinus lib. 5 Annal. Bojorum After Clement the third was driven out of the City among other prodigies there were also
the opinions and practices of Men That no Haire is necessary or comely in Man That Haires are a purgament of the Body altogether unprofitable growing only that they may be shaved being made by Nature to doe nothing and recommend those Cosmetiques as laudable which preserve Haire for the use and intention of Nature condemning all those wayes of decalvation practised by the Ancients to the prejudice of Nature nothing but the rigid law of inexorable necessity in case of diseases being able to excuse Man for introducing upon himselfe a voluntary baldnesse shaving generally speaking being servile ridiculous and proper to Fooles and Knaves an infamous blot of effeminacy an index of ignominy calamitie and dammage uncomely because allied unto depiled baldnesse being in sooth a voluntary spontaneous and wilfull baldnesse shaving off the Head unto the quick being from all antiquity appropriated unto Fooles being proper in them to signifie the utter deprivation of Wit and understanding and at first began in mockery and to move laughter not to mention how repugnant it is to divine writ it is apparently a shame and a disgrace put upon Nature and the reproach as anindeleble Character of infamy cleaves unto the memory of him who beares the Name of Corses for being the first who suffered the Haire of his Head to be shaved His wit therefore was affected with a shamefull and impious Itch who scratcht his Head for such a Paradox as praised baldnesse Sinesius by Name who therein shewed more Wit then Honesty for because Dion had justly commended a bush of Haire he forsooth on the contrary would take upon him to commend baldnesse That the Haire is a Naturall Ornament all Allegoricall Authors have significantly maintained The Naturall Dign of Hair and that the depravation and voluntary absence thereof is a blemish and introduceth an aspect of humiliation most Nations have by their practice asserted and therein given their suffrage to the Naturall comelinesse thereof Amongst the Indians the King causeth the Haire of the greatest Malefactors to be cut thinking that to be the greatest reproach and punishment Herodot Purchas Pilgr 2. lib. 10. The Persians and the Canaryns Women cut their Haire at the Funerall of their Friends Idem pilgr. 2. lib. 7. The People of Brasil and Southerne parts of America although when they are angry they let their Haire grow long when they mourne they cut it Idem Pilgr 2. lib. 7. In Pegu Men and Women that be neer akin shave their Heads in signe of mourning Jeremiah 48. cap. 37. And baldnesse and a shaved Head were practicall tokens of mourning among the Jews Munster Cosmograph lib. 6. cap. 38. The Aegyptians onely who have many strange customs contrary to Nature whereas most mortals in Funerals shave their Heads and let their Beards grow long they on the contrary let their Haire grow long and shave their Beards Herberts Travels They of the Cape of Good Hope some shave one side of their Heads and leave the other curled and long Grimstone of their manners The inhabitants of S. Croix of the Mount their Heads are shaven bare on either side having a tuft of Haire in the midst some shave but one halfe either on the right side or on the left and most of them round about suffering the Haire to grow in the midst they say they received this custome from one Paicume Capt. Smiths Hist of Virginia The Sasquesahanoughs a Giant-like People of Virginia weare their Haire on the one side long the other short and close with a ridge over their Crownes like a Cocks combe The Dacians shave the crowne of their Head suffering the Haire to grow in the middle clipping it here and there in orbe Although these Men deprive themselves in a manner of halfe the benefit intended them by Nature yet some of them did it not out of any malice to Nature for whereas they had before-time much Haire upon their Fore-heads and the Enemy taking occasion thereby to lay hold on them the more easily they shaved themselves before and kept their Haire long behind But the ancient Gaules had no such colourable excuse but they remained as they use to paint opportunity Fronte capillata post est occasio calva And if the Maxies and the inhabitants of the Cape of Good Hope offer no affront to Nature in shaving one halfe of their Heads and letting the other grow Mens Haire fillited David was very impertinently angry with Hanun for serving his Ambassadors after that manner and they needed not to have staid at Jericho untill their Haire was grown And Demosthenes might have walked abroad without reproach when he had thus shaved his Head that for shame of being seen in so deforming a Garb of Haire he might keep the closer unto his study Neither are your Catch-Poles thus shaved at the Inns of Court any way ill intreated Pet. Mart decad 3. They of the Region Quicuri in the West Indies the Women use to cut their Haire but the Men let it grow behinde which they binde up with fillets and winde it in sundry rols as our Maides are accustomed to doe Cap Smiths Hist of Virginia The Women the Naturall Inhabitants of Virginia are cut in many Fashions agreeable to their Yeares but ever some part remaineth long Capt. Smiths descrip of New England In New England among the Native Inhabitants when a Maid is Married shee cutteth her Haire and keeps her Head covered untill it be growne again Pet. Mart. decad 7. Hieron Giravae Cosmograph The Chicoranes nourish their black Haire down to their Girdles and the Women in longer traces round about them both Sexes tie up their Hair Magin Indor In China the Men as well as the Women doe weare long Haire rolling it up upon the top of their Heads which they fasten with a silver pin Magin America In Peru the Men weare long Haire which they binde up with fillets Lindschoten The Bramenes never cut their Haire but weare it long and turned up as the Women doe Purchas Pilgr 2. lib. 9. The Quieteves Haire-Fashion is in hornes mocking them that want them as Women Long-haired Men. for as the Males have hornes which the Female Beasts want so these salvage Beasts also The Quieteves have a Fashion none may imitate four hornes one of a span long on the mould of the Head like a Unicorne and three of halfe a span one on the Neck at each Eare another all upright to the top In Savoy Plin. Nat. Hist lib. 11. Dauphine and Languedock about the Alpes both Men and Women wear long Haire whereupon a part of France was called Comata D. Junius the reverend Pastor of Delph Revius de usu Capillitii doth witnesse that in an Island called the Beautifull Island the Men wore their Haire as long as Women which they had much adoe to make them leave off Whereby you may see it is true what
that they might desist from such vaine care fearing to ensnare Men with their Hair to lust after them since they seem to instigate and provoke to lust the very Divels themselves Which may serve for a caveat to the frizeled and over powdered Gallants of our times Haire-Anointers lest they provoke some succubus to give them an unlookt for visitation Purchas pilgr. 2. lib. 7. The Abassines let their Haire grow which serves them for an hat and Head tire and for finer bravery they curle and anoint their Haire with butter which shewes in the Sun like grasse in the morning dew lest their locks and curles should be disordered when they goe to Bed each one pitcheth a forke or cratch a foot high in the ground betwixt the hornes whereof he reposeth his Neck and sleepeth with his Head hanging The Jessamine Butter with which our Gallants anoint their Haire is a pretious invention belonging to the same vanitie Helyn Terra Nigrit The Manicongo Nobilitie for the greater Gallantrie anoint their Haire with the fat of Fishes which makes them stink most abominably Here 's Glorious Cosmetiques for our tender Gallants which would prove as pleasing to their hostericall Mistresses as the sweet Atomes which make such a Cirque of Olimpique dust upon their hoarie Shoulders And to make a little bold with the handsome expression of a Gentleman who as I understand could have been content my Booke by comming a little sooner to his hand had afforded him the same opportunity Our Gallants wittie noddles are put into such a pure modified trim the dislocations of every Haire so exactly set the whole bush so curiously candied and which is most prodigious the naturall jet of some of them so exalted into a perfect azure that their familiar Friends have much adoe to own their Faces For by their powdered Heads Powdered Haire you would take them to be Meal-men 'T is a great benefit of Nature to to have the liberty of a free transpiration whereby through the curious emunctions of the pores she doth constantly emitt and disburden herselfe of superfluous evaporations which otherwise we may well think those sewers being blockt and choakt up with that sweet artificiall dust conglomerated into dirt by the furious acting of their fiery Braines may in time dissolve in distillations and if not obfuscate their inventions when they have a disposition to court their Mistresses with some rare Piece of Posie find a passage to their Lungs and cacexicate their pretty Corpusculums if not in time make way for a Consumption And besides the oppilation of those invisible perforations through which Nature is wont to wire-draw spare humours into a fine excrescency for a supplementall handsome Ornament it is to be doubted the old stock too by vicinity after a while grow putrid and fall away and then they will either looke like pill'd Ewes or else must put on a beastly thing call'd a Perriwigg and make their Friends put a worse interpretation upon the matter then there may be cause indeed one advantage they may happily have by this artifice that by often sweating and new dredging their Heads for recruit in short time their Heads may grow so well stockt in six footed Cattell that they need not be to seek at any time of a medicine for the Jaundies Frizling and curling of Haire with hot Irons which was lately much in fashion with us an artificial affectation in imitation of a naturall bush of Haire was in practise among the Romans Men with plated Haire Ovid de remed amore Cum graciles essent tamen lanuginis instar Heu mala vexatae quanta tulere comae Quam se praebuerat ferro patienter igni Vt fieret torto Nexilis orbe sinus Clamabam scelus est istos scelus urere crines Sponte decent capiti ferrea parce â—uo In proem ad lib. 1 controvers Seneca well observed and censured this vanity It is now held the accomplished Gallantry of our Youth to frizle their Haire like Women to speake with an effeminate smalnesse of voice and in tendernesse of Body to match them and to bedeck themselves with most undecent trimming But their extreame curiosity in platting and folding their Haire he in another place most lively describes and as sharply but justly reproves how doe they chafe if the barber be never so little negligent as if he were trimming a Woman how do they take on if any thing be lopped off their feaks or foretops if any thing lie out of order if every thing fall not even into their rings or curles which of these would not rather choose that the state whereof he is a member should be in combustion then his Haire should be displatted who is not much more solicitous of the grace of his Head then of his health who maketh not more account to be fine then honest Periwigs also have been an ancient vanity and assumed by them who were not well pleased with Natures donative for the Romans as many Gallants among us wore Haire which they bought instead of their own Jurat capillos esse quos emit suos Fabulla nunquid illa Paule pejerat Periwâ—gd bald pates Fabulla swears her Haire which at a rate She bought is hers is she forsworne in that And this without any shame they openly bought Foemina procedit densissima crinibus emptis Proque suis alios efficit arte suos Nec pudor est emisse palam Martial lib. 1. Epigr. 7. Calvo turpius est nihil comato Then bushie baldnesse nothing is more deformed Little Foreheads affected SCENE III. Frontall Fashions affected by divers Nations Ferrand Erotomania Montaigne in his Essaies THe Mexicans judge those the most beautifull that have little Foreheads and whereas they shave their Haire over all their Bodies besides by Artificiall meanes they labour to nourish and make it grow only in their Foreheads and it is to be suspected that the Matrons of Secota in Florida by some such artifice have a short Forehead De Bry. Hist Ind. The late Fashion generally used amongst us both by Men and Women of bringing down the Haire to cover the Forehead and almost to meet the Eye-brows savour'd somewhat of this affectation Nature hath circumscribed the whole space wee call the Forehead which beginning from the Eie-brows ascends even to the forepart of the Head towards the coronall suture Low Foreheads affected which is the latitude of the Forehead the longitude is from one of the Temples unto the other towards the suture which extends to the stony bones to which place the Hairs also come so that three parts of the front are bounded out with the Haire of the Head the Eie-brows enclosing the fourth all which place Nature intended to be moveable and void of Haire none Naturally growing therin because the use of the Hair is to cover whereas the Forehead is so much covered with Haire as we please to what end
themselves and have painted their Faces and have put on their faire Ornaments The Queen Jesabel doing the same 2 Kin. 9.30 was for all that cast down out of a window Some Fucus allowable and bare the punishment of her wicked life Yet we cannot say that it is absolutely unlawfull to use any Fucus especially when any foule blemish doth disgrace the forme of modest Virgins or Matrons and we know Physitians are sometimes constrained to satisfie the desires of honourable Ladies and great Persons whom as Galen saith we may not deny And indeed somewhat is to be allowed to women who are studious of their beauty and desire a nitor and certainâ— splendour of Countenance and therefore either to repaire the injuries of aire or any other losse and dammage that hath happened to the Face or what is wanting to the emendation of the Elegancy of the Epidermis or skin of the Visage is no trespasse against Piety but may be honestly endeavoured by a Physitian since this induceth no Fucus but restores the naturall nitor of the Body upon whatsoever cause it is lost and therefore it is granted to women especially who since they were somewhat inferiour to men in prudence strength of Body and fortitude and other things instead thereof as Anacreon interpreted sings Natura donat illis Decoram habere formam Pro parmulisque cunctis Pro Lanceisque cunctis Nam flamma cedit illis Ferrumque si qua pulchra est And since Plato in Phaedro cals Beauty the most illustrious and amiable of all things and that a faire Face is illustrious with a kind of Divine Forme it is worthy of preservation and a faire restitution Women out in their Cosmetiques And indeed it belongeth to the corrective part of Medicine to reduce a superficies that is preternaturall for an inequality in the superficies belongs to Decoration as when any spot is in the Face from the Nativity it belongs to the Corrector to make this superficies beautifull and to correct it as women who have native spots in their face Mont. mediâ— par 2. which the Moderns call Stercus Daemonum which proceed from a thin and adurent bloud therefore it is the Office of the Corrector to correct those spots in them that have contracted them But the practice of woman in this case is not laudable nor agreeable to the corrective Art of Medicine for your women in your Cosmetique usurpations use only those things which constipate refrigerate repercuss to remove them from the Superficies to the Center whereas they should also use those things which are abstersive and mundifying But because things abstersive and mundifying introduce a scurfe women will not endure this way of Reduction to the naturall state of perfection But as the needlesse assumption and affectation of such Artifice is absurd and no way pleasing to Nature so too much curiosity in such matters is naught and reprovable And to take in what a grave and learned Divine hath Dr Donne Serm. 20. in concurring with the purpose of God in dignifying the Body we may exceed and go beyond Gods purpose God would not have the Face mangled and torne but then he would not have it varnished with forreine Complexions it is ill when it is not our own bloud that appeares in our Cheeks it may do some ill offices of bloud it may tempt but it gives over when it should do a good office of bloud it cannot blush God would not have us disfigure our Face with sad Countenances in fasting and other Disciplines Painting when sinfull nor would have us go about to marre his worke or to do his last work which he hath reserved to himselfe in Heaven here upon earth that is to glorifie our Bodies with such Additions here as though we would need no Glorification there But concerning this kind of transgression against the honesty and truth of Nature or rather the sinfulnesse of it Cajetan is of an opinion that as a woman may conserve her naturall beauty without sin so she may also preserve it by Art by adhibiting the vertues of Fucusses Pigments and other paintings so it do not intend an evill end it is a fiction and vanity somewhat excusable Whereas it is concluded a mortall sin for any to sell such disguising trash to those they know will abuse it for an evill end And in this regard some Divines will not allow so much as palliation of any deformity in the Face which hath proceeded from licentiousnesse and intemperance or that they should be disguised by unnaturall helps to the drawing in of others and the continuation of their former sins The sin it selfe was the Divels act in thee but in the Deformity that follows upon the sin God hath a hand and they that suppresse and smother these by paintings and unnaturall helps to unlawfull ends do not deliver themselves of the plague but they do hide the markes and infect others and wrastle against Gods notifications of their former sins The invention of which Act of Palliation of an ascititious deformity against Gods indigitation of sin is imagined one reason of the invention of black Patches wherein the French shewed their witty pride which could so cunningly turne Botches into Beauty and make uglinesse handsome yet in point of Phantasticalnesse we may excuse that Nation Musitians Face Deformers as having taken up the fashion rather for necessity than novelty in as much as those French Pimples have need of a French Plaister But vocall Musique performed by Instruments which Nature hath invented for delight ought not to be set at naught for the same or peradventure no reason at all as it is by the Stoick morall Philosophers For the Wind-Musique doth not deforme the Visage it reformes yea conformes it and the vocall which is correspondent to the hearing altereth the proportion of the Face to conforme it to the Eye the one requires setlednesse to be well looked upon and the other receives its perfections from motion one unfolds the Beauty of the Visage the other both laies open and accompanies the sweetnesse of the voice where there is a sound Motion hath necessarily proceeded and the motion is with measure if the sound be harmonious Sometimes also it is voluntary accompanied with the Head Eyes and Mouth and with delight though without necessity if it be with proportion That motion which offends produces no harmonious sound or doth not accompany it proportionably SCENE XVI Long-necked Nations Nationall Monstrosities appearing in the Necke PEtrus Damianus Damianus libello de mirac Arch-Bishop of Ravenna and Cardinall relates that Robert King of France married a Kinswoman of his by whom he had a Son with a Gooses neck and head whereupon by a common consent of the French Bishops they were excomunicated the King compelled by these streights takes better Counsell and renouncing his incestuous Bed entred into lawfull marriage with another Beyond the streights of Magellan Pigafetta reports to
have seen men with Necks of a Cubit long the other parts of their body being proportionable thereunto In Eripia as some write or according to Lycosthenes in the extreame part of Siricana or as it pleaseth others in some of the Valleys of Tartaria there harbours a Nation of so long a Neck that it wholly resembles the neck of a Crane afterwards in the top of the Neck there is a ferine Face Long gangrell necks inconvâ—nient with the Eyes and Nostrils of a man as also with a bill adorned with Gils like a Cock Aldrovandus indeed saies it will more availe one to read than believe this Relation yet he denies not but there are halfe-men with a long Neck and a ferine Face do live in those Regions their women being not so deformed as the men and they are said to be very seldome seen This Nation is carried with great force against their Enemies and chiefly against the Tartars Aldrovandus hath exhibited the Effigies of these Gangrell-Neck'd men to be considered of by his Readers Aldrov monst Hist lib. 1. which puts me in mind of that ridiculous wish of Philoxones that grumbled at Nature for the shortnesse of his Neck who would have had the Neck of a Crane that thereby he might have taken more pleasure in his meat or as some thinke to obtaine advantage in singing or warbling and dividing the notes in Musick which Cavill of Philoxones against Nature for not having respect unto the Taste or singing in the contrivance of his Neck is absurd and in the very foundation of the fancy to be condemned D. Brown Pâ—â—udodoxia Epid. lib. 7. cap. 14. as it is ingeniously observed by the late Enquirer into vulgar errours And if he had obtained this foolish request yet the justnesse of Nature could not have suffered him to have been a gainer by the bargaine for a long gangrell neck which would have made the head look as set upon a pole would by such an elongation caused a very inconvenient distance between the braine and the heart but the Epicure surely had a more reaching conceit Nations that have no Neck knowing that they are more greedy of meat and have better stomacks who have a greater space from the mouth to the paunch They that inhabit those Alpes which divide France from Italy their throats are encreased to that bulke and largenesse that both in men and women those gutturall bottles hang down even to their Navels and they can cast them over their shoulders and this is not commonly seen in the Allobroges Carinthians Syrians and Nations living about the Alpes but it is also familiar to some places of Spaine Fabricius ab Aqua pend Fabricius saith that such Tumours are frequent among the Bergomensians where the men and women all for the most part have such great pendent bags in the fore-part of their Throats Joan. Stumpf. lib. Chr. 10. cap. 20. Among the Rucantians a people of Helvetia now called Rhaeti the Inhabitants especially about the Town Ciceres are troubled with the same gutturall deformity M. Pol. lib. 1. cap. 31. Neither doth this happen only in Europe but also in Asia for the men there have such great wallets of flesh after a wonderfull manner hanging at their throats But in Syria the women have their throats so protended that they cast it behind their back as it were a Sack or Wallet Ortel in Illyrico lest it should hinder their Infants when they suck This swelling or Throat-Dropsie The cause of swelling throats is occasioned by the drinking of crude waters of dissolved Snow as most Authors suppose which although it be a reason not to be rejected Platerus yet Platerus to this Cause addes the Seed and the Facultie Formatrix in the wombe where they are familiar to any place and that they are rather propagated from the Parents in their Children then that they happen by reason of any meat or drinke or any other peculiar cause which Sennertus thinkes doth not seldome fall out so indeed yet the first cause seemes valid because it is observed that they that come well into any such places after they have abode there a while they contract such a water between the skin and rough Artery which is called by Physitians Bronchocele and Bocium à Bocii ventricosi poculi similitudine from the similitude of a great-bellied drinking Cup. Shoulders higher than the Head SCENE XVII Humerall or Shoulder-Affectations Lycost Append Chron. prodig IN the Island Taprobana High huff-Shoulders are in Fashion and Naturall Whether these Nations are guilty or not of using Art to this purpose I shall not conclude although I halfe suspect some concurrent affectations My apprehension of this businesse I have already exprest in the History of the Acephali which appeare to be the same Nation In all the parts of Tartaria the men are broad-shouldered which being Nationall is held there in good repute And if it were not at first affected and introduced among them by Art Broad shoulders where affected yet in other Countries where it is noted to be extremely affected there hath been some endeavour used to that intent and where that hath failed they have had recourse to outward supplements Concerning the Italians Cresol vacat Autumn Cresollius hath informed us of their ridiculous affectation in this kind Behold saith he what the improvident curiosity of men hath thought on who that they might seeme Plato's that is broad-shouldred full square and somewhat strong and mighty men they bumbast their Doublets and after a childish or rather womanish manner adhibent Analectides use little Bolsters or Pillows for to seeme more fat and comly bolstring so up their prominent shoulders as little women were wont to do of old as Ovid describes the Custome Conveniunt tenues scapulis Analectides altis Angustum circa fascia pectus erat Well could these men be Masters of their wish yet it is a question whether it would please their Mistrisses For the women of other Countries and among us are not so well affected to broad shoulders for it is worth the noting what women by long use have observed to wit that men that have broad shoulders for the most part get great Children Hence the Mother-in-Law of Forestus a fruitfull woman would not match her Daughters to Platonique men by reason she feared least in their Delivery they should be endangered by reason of the greatnesse of the Child which Forestus had often seene to happen the broad shoulders dangerously sticking in the Birth Narrow shoulders affected the cause whereof Riolanus thinks to be difficult whence you may see what worke they make for the women who endeavour by Art to purchase thick and broad shoulders Franciscus Hernandus in his Manuscript makes report of certaine Nations in India who are all buncht-backt crooked and crump-shouldered Arme-gallanry SCENE XVIII Strange Inventions of certain Nations in ordering their Armes Hands and Nailes The
Body Neither are Nailes extra hominem unlesse in carkasses and those buried And their continuall increase in man is an Argument of a Divine Nature a prerogative in which beasts cannot participate and teacheth us charity to our Bodies The neglect of this charity proves not only an inconvenience but as some thinke long Nailes is a sin to avoid which Adam in the estate of innocency in Paradise before Instruments of Iron were found perchance bit his Nailes Yet surely in the state of Innocency his abode in Paradise was so short that no inconvenience could happen unto him this way nor any necessity enforce him to cut his nailes although he had too just a cause to bite his nailes afterwards Verily it is observed that Nature in the Nailes hath shewed us as a Law of amputation whilest in Children when they grow long they naturally fall off untill becomming harder they cannot be so commodiously separated by Nature alone And therefore by no worse a Law of Nature do we cut our Nailes than our Haire lest they should grow into an odious and hooked curvity Unnaturall slovens therefore are they who never pare them The use of the Nailes and very little have they to shew themselves Gentlemen who have nothing but long nailes as the Crests of idle Gentility 'T is true the nailes do decrease and weare by labour and idlenesse no way arrests their encrease according to the doctrine of Galen which these mens fancies approve And therfore the observation is not so subtile as Mercurialis notes which Cardan speakes of in his book de subtilitate to wit that he saw one who all his life-time had no need to cut his nailes For the Rusticks and most of your handicraft-men never pare their nailes because they weare away of their own accord in their working yet the end of their perpetuall growth is not to repaire their decay by working since if men never worke yet their nailes grow The Nailes againe have that order among the similar parts of the hand that they are not in the number of them that performe an action but of those that are subservient for they were made for the better apprehension their scituation and hardnesse gives them this And therefore the other reason of the Nayros Portugals and Mestichos who were them long for the better griping and holding fast their Rapiers may better passe since there is some allowance to be given to men whose profession may be advantaged by a more extravagant extent of the Naile But for women to nourish long Nailes as a beauty is a strange Solecisme and a greater breach of the Law of Nature especially si dantur ungues sexuales as some hold in the Affirmative Nature as Galen observes allows strong Nailes only to them that have strong Teeth because strong nailes answer to strong teeth and so upon the contrary Plato therefore writes that the Nailes were made Notae gratia for a figurative token Nailes no Armes For since man was among mild Creatures either because he hath reason which much conduceth to mansuetude he ought not to have strong nailes since he hath not strong Teeth much lesse hath that impotent Sex any colour of pretence to long and strong nailes since the nailes were never intended as weapons of offensive scratching either in man or woman Alcibiades as the Marquesse of Malvezzi well observes contending with another Boy makes use of his Teeth and Nailes peradventure to shame him whom he could not hurt and being not able to strike would marke him his enemy taxeth him for being womanish to fight with such instruments as were not given him by Nature for that purpose He glorieth to be Lion-like Nailes commonly serve men and beasts to cover the extremity of Veines Sinews and Arteries that the naturall animall and vitall spirits might not evaporate that way they also serve many beasts in particular for offensive and defensive armes If Nature doth not purge the humours by convenient waies it is either too weake or too much oppressed if a man vents his wrath with unbeseeming weapons either his rage swelling too high makes him mad or his weaknesse casts him down The shape of the mouth the scituation of it the weakenesse of Teeth are all evident signs that Nature did not place them there for his defence And who will imagine the nailes to be mans armes seeing that when he will fight he hides them and whereas other Creatures strike with an open paw he only fights with a closed fist But since they weare them for a beauty it may be they have some such like conceit as Aristophanes puts upon the Philosophers who kept their nailes unpared not for miserablenesse Monstrosities of Armes that they would not part with the paring of their nailes lest with the parings of their nailes they should lose and communicate some portion of Wisdome diffused throughout their Limbs So these conceited women seeme too loath to part with this dangerous piece of affected beauty lest perchance they should lose so firme and precious a particle of their delicate substance or want too opportune a weapon fitted by Art to wreake their impotent revenge upon any provocation of their Cat-like valour Many Monstrosities and depraved conformations have appeared in the Armes and Hands and many have been borne without Armes Neare Esselinga Nechari there was a Monster borne Lycost lib. prodig Anno 1528 to wit an Infant with one Head foure Eares foure Arms and as many Feet Idem lib. eodem Anno Domini 1389 there was an Infant borne having foure Armes and as many Legs who lived untill he was baptized Pataeus oper suor l. 24. c. 2. Jovianus Pontanus reports that Anno Domini 1529. the seventh day of January there was seen in Germany a Male Infant with foure Armes and as many Legs Idem eodem lib. cap. 4. On the same day that the Venetians and Genuensians entred into a League there was borne in Italy a Monster with foure Armes and foure Feet endowed but with one Head which being baptized lived sometimes after Jacobus Rueffius the Helvetian Chirurgion declares that he saw the like but who had over and above the Genitals both of the Male and Female Jul. obsequens Tit. Graccus and M. Juventius Consuls there were boys born with foure Hands and foure Feet P. Crassus and Q. Scaevola being Consuls Monstrous Nations with many armes Idem there was a Boy borne with three hands and as many feet M. Marcellus P. Sulpitius Consuls Idem there was a Boy borne with foure hands and as many Feet At Venafrum there was a Boy borne with three hands and as many Feet Jac. Rueff l. 5. de Concept ex Rom. Hist Some other Histories of fourefold Armes we passe by But these are hardly to be accounted Monsters who have such a Multiplication of Armes because there are many Nations who appeare with such a Brachiall Redundancy for Lycost in sua
upon nets instead of Beds they never take them into their Armes or their Laps no not when they give them suck bur stooping down reach the Dug unto them that only thrice every day And that which may shame our Ladies of Europe the mothers themselves although they were Queens nurse their Children unlesse they are hindered by a Disease or some other Sontick Cause and then for the most part they abstaine from the company of their husbands lest they should be constrained to weane their Children before the time for they who upon such a Cause are weaned before their time by a propudious name they called Ayusca as much as to say Bastard Joan. de Laet. descript Novi orb occident lib. 11. cap. 21. Another foolish affectation there is in young Virgins though grown big enough to be wiser but that they are led blindfold by Custome to a fashion pernicious beyond imagination who thinking a slender waste a great beauty strive all that they possibly can by streight-lacing themselves to attaine unto a wand-like smalnesse of waste Small Wastes pernitiously affected never thinking themselves fine enough untill they can span their Waste By which deadly Artifice they reduce their Breasts into such streights that they soone purchase a stinking breath and while they ignorantly affect an angust or narrow Breast and to that end by strong compulsion shut up their Wasts in a Whale-bone prison or little-ease they open a doore to Consumptions and a withering rottennesse Hence such are justly derided by Terence Haud similis virgo est virginum nostrarum Terence in Eunucho quas matres student Demissis humeris esse vincto pectore ut graciles fient Si qua est habitior paulò pugilem esse aiunt deducunt cibum Tametsi bona est natura reddunt curvatura junceas So that it seemes this foolish fashion was in request in the time that Terence lived Hoechstetterus in his description of Auspurge the Metropolis of Swevia observes this foolish custome is at this day entertained generally among the Virgins there Streight-lacing a cause of much mischiefe They are saith he describing the Virgins of Auspurge slender streight-laced with demisse shoulders lest being grosse and well made they should be thought to have too athletique bodies Which among other Causes may contribute much mischiefe to that Epidemicall Disease the whites and white Feavour with which they are so frequently annoyed in these times whereof the ancient women boast they never heard of Paraeus where he propounds Instruments for the mending such deformities observes that the Bodies of young Maids or Girles by reason they are more moist and tender than the bodies of Boyes are made crooked in processe of time Especially by the wrenching aside and crookednesse of the back bone the most frequent cause whereof is the unhandsome and undecent scituation of their Bodies when they are young and tender either in carrying sitting or standing and especially when they are taught to go too soone saluting sewing writing or in doing any such like thing In the meane while he omits not the occasion of crookednesse that happens seldome to the Country people but is much incident to the Inhabitants of great Townes and Cities which is by reason of the straitnesse and narrownesse of the garments that are worne by them which is occasioned by the folly of Mothers who while they covet to have their young Daughters bodies so small in the middle as may be possible pluck and draw their bones awry and make them crooked For the Ligaments of the Back-bone being very tender soft and moist at that age cannot stay it straite and strongly but being pliant easily permits the Spondels to slip awry inwards Causes of Crookednesse outwards or sidewise as they are thrust or forced And in another place speaking of dislocations or luxations and the causes of Bunch-backs and saddle-backs and crookedness he saith that fluid and soft bodies such as childrens usually are very subject to generate the internall cause of these mischiefes Defluxions But if externall occasions shall concur with these internall causes the Vertebra will sooner be dislocated Thus Nurses whilst they too streightly lace the Breasts and sides of Girles so to make them slender cause the Breast-bone to cast it selfe forwards or backwards or else the one shoulder to be bigger or fuller the other more spare and leane And if this happen in Infancy the Ribt grow little or nothing in Breadth but run outwards before therefore the Chest loseth its naturall Latitude and stands out with a sharpe point hence they become Astmatick the Lungs and Muscles which serve for breathing being pressed together and streightned and that they may the easier breathe they are forced to hold up their heads whence also they seeme to have great Throats and their bodies use not to grow at the Spine and the parts belonging to the Breast and Back become more slender neither is it any wonder for seeing the Veines Arteries and Nerves are not in their places the spirits do neither freely nor the alimentary juyces plenteously flow by these streightned passages whence leannesse must needs ensue The the same errour is committed if they lay Children more frequently along upon their sides than upon their backs or if taking them up when they wake they take them only by the feet or legs and never put their other hand under their backs never so much as thinking that Children grow most towards the Heads And I would to God the vanity and indiscreetnes of Mothers in their Institution Children unborne how disfigured and precise exercise of their Laws and Customes in this matter did only take effect when they endeavour it on set purpose after the Birth of their Children and that their inconsideration and imprudency did not unwittingly many times deprave their Children even whilest they embrace them in the wombe Not to mention those impressions of deformity which depend upon Imagination frights fals or blows and evill Diet from whence much mischiefe many times proceeds to the disfiguring of the Child yet unborne To the causes of mans transformation are justly referred the undecent Session or the ill collocation of the mother in sitting or lying or any other posture of her body during the time she goes with child For hereupon not only the body of the mother but of the Child inclosed in the wombe is perverted and distorted Wherefore they who all the time of their going with Child either sit idle at home or with their legs acrosse or with bodies bowed towards their knees sew or spin or employ themselves in some other action or more streightly constringe their Bellies with long bellied and straight-laced Garments Busks Rollers or Breeches bring forth Children awry or stiffnecked bowed crooked crump-shouldered distorted in their hands feet and all their Limbs because the Child can neither move freely nor commodiously extend his members What should they do with others If they had better they
such as we see for it is divided into divers joints Shooes Sandals c besides nature and the Toes are made long and broad not so long as in the hands but only as was necessary to fasten the feet when we would strive to run For if the Toes be pressed unto the ground it is strange with how much strength and security the body is driven forward for the Toes being bent in the going are fastened upon the ground as so many Anchors and so commodiously transfer our bodies not only upon plaine but also upon ascending and rugged places as we may observe in those who live upon mountaines our mountaines of Wales confirme this where they go barefoot from whence we may collect saith Varolius that shooes or any other induments of the Feet are besides Nature and very prejudiciall to the action of the Toes and Feet Xenophon in Laconum Reipub Stobaeus Serm. 42. Which Lycurgus the Law-giver had respect unto when he forbid the Spartans to be shod as that which in case of any military and civill activity was a great hinderance to the actions of the Foot Some have wondred why man in Comparison of other Creatures is endued with very great Feet not considering that man who only walketh upright stood in need of two great Feet to susteine the weight of his body But the great wonder is that man upon so narrow soles of his feet should be kept upright and not fall it being truly admirable that so vaste and erect a body susteined with two props to wit his Legs whose basis is so narrow as the lowest transverse amplitude of the Foot doth make that he should not for all them slide and fall but consist upon them as we see it happen in other things which are no better susteined than upon the small basis of two Feet which insooth would happen also in the body unlesse by the benefit of Muscles the Feet were retained The inconveniencies of little Feet and directed so fixt that not only when the body is erect and in equilibrio but while it receads from it inclines and is carried into this and that part yet it doth not fall as it happens unto Infants new-borne being yet weake and feeble who for a while untill their feet that is their Muscles and Tendones be confirmed can neither stand nor go And we may observe that those who have feet shorter or smaller than the proportion of their body requireth stand very unfirmely as not sufficiently supported by so good a foundation and in their progressive motion they labour with an uncertaine footing We call those small feet which if they be compared with the body unto which they appertaine or to other of the same kind and having the same bulke are defective and lesse quantity of matter rests in them than in others of the same species For that which failes in magnitude is called small as that which in multitude few small feet argue paucity of matter and where through this affected prohibition of growth the matter of the Foot is lesse then naturally it ought to be the virtue that was ordained to be in that matter cannot be so vivid and effectuall and if they by this Artifice be brought also to be narrowed in the soles the parts must be more confused and so not distinct nor so well articulate and have small Toes and there appeares no foot-step of bones or Tendons which are more pleasant to looke upon than serviceable to that office to which they were appointed which although they may be accounted delicate yet are not simply beautifull having lesse corporiety then is required to make the foot perfect according to Nature And the foot being one of the extremes of the Body wherein naturally the virtue of Earth should prevaile Nations with Feet of a Cubit long a signe whereof there is that almost all the extreme parts of Creatures and which are Feet or susteine the place of Feet are harder than the rest and that naturally because they are to sustaine the whole body and therefore they yield lesse than the other parts wherefore since they resist they remaine harder The other extreme of the Diameter of the Body is the Head wherein the watery force is predominant it being the receptacle of the braine which is cold and moist Whereas the fluid element exceeds in the Feet of women which makes them so soft and inarticulate and somewhat unstable In India beyond Ganges there are a Nation called Sciopedes Munst Cosm lib. 5. that have feet of a monstrous bignesse which when they lye down in the Sun One-leg'd Nations serves them for umbrelloes to shade them from the Sun being thence called Sciopedes from 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 umbra and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Petr. Apian Cosmog pars 2. cap. 3. Solin in Polyst cap. 53. There are also in Asia a certaine kind of men which are called Monosceli and of others Sciopedae which have but one Leg which yet have a wonderfull pernicitie in leaping 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 is expounded unicum crus habens a one-leg'd people Sr Joh. Mand. Travel cap 51. In Ethiope are such men as have but one Foot and they go so fast that it is a great marvell and it is a large Foot for the shadow thereof covereth the Body from Sun or Raine when they lye upon their Backs these people according unto Pliny are not far from the Troglodites St Aug. lib. 16. cap. 8. de Civit. Dei. St Austin witnesseth that the Effigies of these Nations were painted in a Table in the Forum of Carthage neare the Port. Petr. Apian Cosmog pars 2. cap. 3. There are in a certaine Valley of the mountaine Imaus or rather Timaus as Aldrovandus saith which Region is called Abarimon certaine wild men who have their feet turned backward behind their legs that are of wonderfull swiftnes that they will out-run a Hare In other parts of the Orientall Indies although the designation of their place is uncertaine we heare of such a Nation who have eight toes Vincent Spec. Hist l. 32. c. 16. There is reported also to be another kind of Monoscelli or one-Legg'd people in some places belonging to the Tartars which supplies us with another difference of men who wander about sustained by one only Leg and Foot having also but one Arme Two of these men undergoe the office of an Archer Whiles one holds the bow the other shoots the Arrow Diverse formes of feet and there is a wonderfull nimblenesse observed in them for they run with so great swiftnesse on their hand and foot that they will out-run a Horse and when they have tyred their Arme then they go only hopping with their foot Many Legates and Nuncio's of the Pope sent unto the Tartars Vincent Spec Hist lib. 32. cap. 16. in their Relations affirme this to be true and at last Vincentius inserted it into his History The Inhabitants of Guinea have
monsters may proceed and in such monstrifique Creatures when the seed of the Male if it be a man is more vigorous in the supernall parts of the foetus then the superiour parts result unto a humane forme and if the seed of the Bruit in the formature of the inferiour parts hath a valid operation then the lower parts of the monster become Belluine It is verily a horrid thing to be spoke that man the Prince of all Creatures and which is more created in the Image of God should flagitiously mingle with a Bruitish Copulation so that a Biformed breed halfe men and halfe beasts are ingendred by the confusion of seed of divers Species of which there have come abominable and promiscuous Creatures to the horrid abasement and confusion of the humane forme the effect whereof although it seeme impossible to Galen yet to Baptista Porta Baptista Potta iâ— Magica natural Vide Wekerum de secretis li. 5. Iacob Rueff lib. 5. de Generat Hom. who hath written of the Art of getting Monsters and hath strange histories of such productions it seemes not impossible although difficult and he annexeth his reasons yet in my opinion Jacobus Rueffus gives the best account of this difficulty who affirmes that Bruites may conceive by men and men likewise by Bruits which he makes good by three reasons first from naturall appetite secondly Bauhin lib. de Hermophrad Kornman lib. de mirac vivorum Delrio disquis Mag. from the provocation of nature by detectation thirdly by the attractive virtue of the Matrix which is alike both in Bruits and Men. The curious and diffident may find the matter of fact confirmed by many examples in Bauhinus Kornmannus and Delrio and therefore we may spare those testimonies that would confirme the Possibility of the thing Whether of a man and a beast a true man may be borne And indeed I do not find the thing absolutely denied as impossible but rather that it is questioned whether such a production be a true man or a monster Delrius who is somewhat incredulous in this point saies he is certaine that of a man and a Beast a true man cannot be borne because a Beasts seed is void of that perfection which is required to the mansion place of so noble a soule wherefore if any thing be borne of such a mixture it will be a monster and not a man for such an off spring followes the worser condition of the seed Et seb Neiremberg in Hist Naturae Eusebius Neirembergensis also puts the question whether of seed not humane a true man may arise that is whether by the horrible Copulation of a woman and a beast a true man may be brought forth he thinkes we ought not liberally to beleeve these things neither thinkes he it to be above the power of Nature if the womans seed be efficacious and he puts the other question whether any other womb besides a womans hath been the receptacle of a humane off-spring and he thinkes that if the Issue require the efficacity of both Parents none but the wombe of a woman can lodge a true man adorned with understanding but if the force only of the Male fabricate the Progeny and the woman only is but the shop then he thinkes perchance according to Physitians it will be possible after that hainous coition a man may be cherished in a beasts wombe the Seed of man being before cast therein but if any thing hath been produced in shape like unto man it is never without some gage of an irrationall nature When Nature is impedite many strange transpositions and deformities both in excesse and defect Monsters born with many Feet have appeared in these fundamentall and sustaining parts of the body P. Africanus and Laelius Consuls Jul. obseq de Prodig at Amiternum there was a boy borne with three Feet and one Hand Appius Claudius and P. Metellus Consuls Idem eod lib. at Amiternum there was a Boy borne with three Feet all the other parts of his body rightly constituted Anno Domini 1552. In England not far from Oxford there was a Girle borne with two Heads Jacob. Rueffus foure armes and hands with two Legs on one side and one on the other so that she seemed to abound with three feet See more examples of these Monstrosities in Scene 18. At Constantinople there was a Boy borne with foure feet Lycost lib. prodig Anno Domini 601. Jul. obseq ex Rom. Hist P. Africanus and C. Fulvius Consuls there was a Female child borne with foure feet Moreover Lycost there have been little Children borne with foure feet Before the yeare of our Redemption 162. Idem there was an Infant born who had foure feet and as many armes In the 160 yeare before Christs Incarnation there was an Infant borne at Caere Idem with foure feet Anno 132. Aldrovand yeares before the yeare of our Lord there was a maid seen endued with foure Legs Man when he first attempteth to go being not as yet susteined by reason of his weake and feeble feet is equivocally called Quadrupes or a foure-footed Creature Whether man can go upright if never taught and some there have been found who have not been instructed how to go have gone on all foure like foure-footed Beasts Plin. lib. 7. The naturall Historian is much scandalized at this Stepdame-like trick of Nature that man should be so untowardly borne that the first hope he conceiveth of his strength and the first gift that Time affordeth him makes him no better than foure footed Beasts How long is it saith he ere he can go alone As for all other living Creatures there is not one but by an instinct of Nature knoweth this man only knoweth nothing unlesse he be taught and cannot so much as go unlesse he be trained to it and to be short is apt and good at nothing naturally but to pule and cry If man by a naturall instinct cannot raise his body and walke upright but must unlesse taught another posture crawle on the earth upon all foure with other Creatures to what end was his upright frame given him Or how should he deserve the name of Anthropos and behold that mansion prepared for him above And if he cannot stand nor go erect upon his own account the Poets have abused him Ovid. Metamorph Os homini sublime dedit Coelumque tueri Jussit erectos ad sidera tollere vultus Silius Ital. lib. 5. Nonne vides hominum ut Celsos ad sidera vultus Sustulerit Deus ac sublimia finxerit ora And the Roman Oratour to as small purpose Cicer. lib. 5. de Legibus Solum hominem erexit ad Coeli quasi Cognationis pristini conspectum excitavit Conrad Gesner In the Forrest of Hanseburge in Misnia there was a Monster found having the body of a man Manugrades with the Talons of an Eagle with a yellowish beard and haires
resembling a Crest who went groveling on the ground after the manner of foure-footed beasts who certainly was some Infant exposed and became a manugrade through want of teaching he could not speake but consequently grew up in these wooddy places and was nourished with wild fruits and the indulgence of wild beasts There was also two men a Male and Female found going after this manner in the woods of Germany And this need not seem so marvellous Albert. Mag. Aldrov hist monstror since in Bononia there was seen a notable Begger who going after the manner of a beast begged Almes but the cause of this way of incesse was an evill conformation of his hips which disabled him any way to errect himselfe Such a one was he who was Surnamed Quadrupes Lycost lib. prodig Anno Dom. 651. borne in the time of Mauritius the Romane Emperour because his hands resembled feet and went after this manner Aldrovand Hist monst Not to omit what Aldrovandus relates of hairy men who by instinct of Nature go creeping on the ground and therefore are called by the Latines Manugradi Many humane bodies have appeared without feet Rueffus saith Iacob Rueff lib. 5. concept generat hom Lycost lib prodig estent Anno Dom. 1537 he hath seen many Infants born maimed through the defect of their members wanting feet Neare the Village Nebritz not far from the Town of Watzen there was an Infant borne without feet In Picerum as the Roman History records Peucer Tetr there were some born without hands or feet Monsters without feet Jacob. Rueff lib. concept Generat Hom. Rueffus presents the conformation of an Infant that saies he had seen it who reteined the just and perfect shape of all his body thighs and Legs wanting only his feet Nicholaus Rocheus reports to have seene Anno Domini 1541. the eighth day of February in the Castle of St Amandus Allifer in the Province of Burbon an Infant borne of a woman well known which from the Head to the Navell resembled the Image of a man and afterwards in the place of Legs and Feet there was a Taile substituted after the manner of Sirens which monster lived an houre after the birth Morever about the yeare of our Redemption 1552. at Vuidensbuch about a mile distance from Schleasing there was a Monster borne of a woman having the Image of an Infant but without Legs and feet in whose place there was a long pyramidicall point produced which monster was dipped in the Laver of Christians Upon which a Quaere might be raised whether such horrid monsters ought to be baptized But this as being not properly appertaining to our Designe we shall wave it for the present This pyramidicall horrifique monster Aldrovandus makes mention of which a Potters wife brought forth Anno Domini 1556. which from the Crown of the head to the Hyppochondries represented the humane figure yet with a prominent mouth a torne aspect but from the Navell leaving the figure of a man it terminates in a pyramidall forme resembling in the point the similitude of a sows inflected taile besides about the Spine of the back another Effigies of a Navell was seen and it exhibited no Sex at all A strange history of a Monster without feet dancing upon her hands But the young Gaule is not to be passed by about eighteene yeares of age altogether wanting the inferiour parts whom all Bononia saw and admired Anno Domini 1594. she was borne in the City Brison in the Territories of Avenion called by name Catherine Mazzina of a comely forme and 27 inches and a Palme over in heighth but wanting Hips and Legs and consequently Feet her Armes were perfectly formed being longer than her breast and trunke the lower part of her body did in a manner appeare bifid emulating the bottome of a Harpe She spake to purpose sung plaid on a Lute danced with her hands Spanish Mauritanian Italian and French dances in like manner to the sound of Musique she so composed the Gestures of her imperfect body that they who had seene her afar off would doubtlessely have said she had danced with her Feet And as to the endowments of the mind there was nothing wanting to her which is granted by Nature to other men Moreover she was endowed with both Sexes yet she drew nearer to a woman and was more vigorous in that Sex and therefore was rather called a woman than a man Aldrovandus thinkes verily that this was the same Monster which was shewed at Rome 1585. for then this monstrifique Youth was eight yeares old for he received Letters that at that time there was carried about Rome a Virgin of eight yeares old to be seene who from her originall wanted her Thighs A monstrous Virgin dancing without feet Legs and Feet her other members being rightly constituted Hofman Comment de usu partium li. 15. And this it may be was the same woman that Hoffman saw at Rome for the description of their properties agree SCENE XXIIII Embroidered skins Cruell and fantasticall Inventions of Men practised upon their Bodies in a supposed way of Bravery and wicked practices both of Men and Devils to alter and deforme the Humane Fabricke THe Inhabitants of Mangi Purch Pilg. 3. lib. 1. in the East Indies both men and women paint and embroider their skins with iron Pens putting indeliable tincture thereinto They of Sierra Leona in the East Indies Idem Pilgr 1. lib. 4. both men and women rase and pincke overall their bodies thinking themselves thereby as fine as five-pence in a showre of raine In Candou Island Idem Pilgr 2. lib. 9. one of the Islands accounted to Asia the chiefe men and women have skin-prints as a brave kind of Gallantry they bruise Sanders and Camphyr on very smooth and slick stones which they bring from the firme Land and sometimes other sorts of odoriferous wood which after they compound with waters stilled with flowers and over-spread their bodies with this paste from the Girdle upwards adding many formes with their fingers such as they imagine it is somewhat like cut and pinckt doublets and of an excellent savour it is a bravery much used to their Wives or Lemons but they dare not bring them in these Paste-garments before the King or into his Pallace The Cookes here it seemes are their Tailors Idem eodem lib. eodem The black people or Caffares of the Land of Mosambique and all the Land of Ethiopia and within the Land to the Cape of Bona Speranza some have all their bodies rased and seared with irons and all figured like rased Sattin Carbonado'd Bodies or Damaske wherein they take great pride thinking there are no fairer people than they in all the world The Great Gaga Calando King of Gagas Purchas Pilgr lib. 9. his body is carved and cut with sundry works and every day anointed with the fat of man his body is alwaies painted red and
of God to raise up his own off-spring In the schoole of Nature we are taught the contrary viz. that like begets like wherefore of a Devill man cannot be borne Yet it is not denied but that Devils transforming themselves into humane shapes may abuse both men and women and with wicked people use the workes of nature Yet that any such conjunction can bring forth a humane Creature is contrary to Nature and Religion But although by a naturall way of generation the Devill cannot propagate the wicked as well as he can spiritually promote and encrease wickednesse and monsters yet monsters may be produced by Art magique and Creatures made double membred or dismembred and the viler the Creature the sooner brought to monstrous deformity which in more noble Creatures is more hardly brought to passe and consequently most difficult to be imposed on man the noblest Creature yet I believe the Devill hath attempted and furthered the production of such reall monstrosities as for the conclusions and wonderfull experiments of naturall Magique which are done only in appearance Vide Jo. Bapt. Neopolitan Mag. Nat. Scot in his discovery of Witchcraft l. 13 c. 18. they are very many To set an Horses or Asses head on a mans neck and shoulders cut off the head of a horse or an Asse before they be dead otherwise the virtue or strength thereof will be lesse effectuall and make an earthen vessell of fit capacity to containe the same Why the Amazons did lame their Male children and let it be filled with the oyle and fat thereof cover it close and daube it over with lome let it boile over a soft fire three daies continually that the flesh boyled may run into oyle so as the bare bones may be seen beat the haire into powder and mingle the same with the oyle and annoint the heads of the standers by and they shall seeme to have horses or asses heads If beasts heads be annointed with the like oyle made of a mans head they shall seeme to have mens faces as divers Authors soberly affirme If a Lamp be annointed therewith every thing shall seeme most monstrous It is also written that if that which is called Sperma in any beast be burned and any bodies face therewithall annointed he shall seeme to have the like face as the beast had But if you beat Arsenick very fine and boile it with a little Sulphur in a covered pot and kindle it with a new candle the standers by will seeme to be headlesse Aqua Composita and salt being fired in the night and all other lights extinguished make the standers by seeme as dead They therefore who upon this Question whether Devils can generate defend the Negative are most to be credited The Amazons were wont to lame their Children and to abuse them to carnall copulation supposing to have made them more fit for that imployment by mutilation It is true that they had an intent withall in that feminine Common-wealth of theirs to avoid the Domination of men to lame them thus in their Infancy both in their armes legs and other limbs An Art pretending to new-make a man that might any way advantage their strength over them and made only that use of them that we in our world make of women Some have taken upon them an Art which pretends to new make a man decayed by age their way is to cut a man in peeces and then put him into a putrifactory vessell which they report the Marquesse of Villena resolved to practise upon himselfe But Campanella dares not trust so great a worke to an Artificiall vessell and to spirits gotten by putrifaction and indeed saith he in men thus slaine the order of things seeme to stand against it not enduring a regress from a privation to a habit and the fable of the re-creation of old Father Jason in Ovid is as vaine Yet although Art failes in performance Nature as saith the Refuter of vulgar Errours works wonders in this kind making old men to become young againe there being many examples of this Renovation Delrio disq mag l. 2. Delrio sheweth out of Torquenda that in the yeare 1511 an old man at Tarentum of an hundred yeares old having lost his strength haire nailes and colour of his skin recovered all againe and became so young and lusty that he lived fifty yeares after Another example he brings of a Castilian who suffered the same change and of an old Abbatesse in Valentia who being decrepid suddenly became young her rugged skin grew smooth her gray haires became black and new teeth in her head Maffaeus hist Ind. lib. 1. Maffaeus speakes of a certaine Indian Prince who lived 340 yeares in which space his youth was three times renewed Ambrose Parry speakes of a woman Mans Metamorphosis Ambr. Parry lib. 24. 17. Lang. Epist med 79. Petr. Mart. Decad. 11. l. 10. Gaudent Merrula lib. 1 memorab who being eighty yeares old lost her haire and teeth which grew againe Besides Cardan Langius speakes of a well in an Island called Bonica the waters of which being dranke changes Age into Youth Concerning the Metamorphosis of man transmigrating into the shape of Wolves Asses or other Creatures many hold it not impossible and that it may happen by a naturall reason infinite authorities and examples are brought to confirme these kinds of Transmutations As for the Transformation of Apuleius St Augustine dares neither deny it nor affirme it he thinks and judgeth it indeed to be a fascination which Lycanthopie is not against the Tenents of Divines who for the most part teach that all things were created of God insomuch that not the evill spirits indeed can change their forme since not the essentiall forme of man that is reason but the figure only is changed for if we will confesse that men have a a faculty to make a Cherry-tree bring forth Roses and a Colewort Apples if he can turne Iron into Steele Silver into Gold and can make a thousand artificiall formes of stones that shall vie lustre and beauty with naturall Gems Shall it seeme wonderfull that Satan to whom God hath granted a very great power in the elementary world should commute or change the figure of one body with another All which things are confirmed by Aquinas where he saies Aquin. Sentent l. 2. dist 7. art 5. All good and evill Angels out of a naturall virtue have a power of Transmuting our bodies As for those things that Magicians do for fascination they are but momentany Whether men can be transformed into beasts but the Transformation of man into a bruit Animal doth sometimes last seven yeares as Nebuchadnezars did to which Bodinus addes the actions and labour of an Asse which three men cannot undergo the magnitude incesse eating of grasse and thistles which cannot agree with the humane body moreover the swifnesse and other properties of Wolves which agree not with the nature of man Neither hath that
beauty of the Forehead vindicated and the naturall magnitude and proportion thereof set out 81 That the Forehead ought to draw nigher to a plainnesse then a convexity or concavity 82 That a front disposed according to Nature comes into a naturall mediocrity ibid. The reasons of both these ibid. That the front alone may be varied 765 waies 130 Where they have cloudy Foreheads made so by art 82 Wherein this affectation crosseth the intention of Nature ibid. 83 Where they have generally smooth foreheads 82 Stigmatiz'd Foreheads where accounted a grace and a note of generosity 83 Frontall Characters where familiar and esteemed great ensignes of honour and nobility ibid. This phantasticall prevarication exploded 84 Nations that spot and paint their Foreheads ibid. Wherein they affront Nature by this devise 85 Fingers SEdigiti or men with six fingers upon a hand 304 Monsters borne with six fingers on each hand ibid. 305 A sixth finger unprofitable for the most part but not alwaies 305 306 Foot VVHere they are accounted the finest and properest women who have small feet which are held a great grace 416 417 What artifice their mothers use from their Infancy to have them remaine small 417 Another supposed originall of this custome ibid. The force of this custome ibid. How the action of the foot is prejudiced by this custome 416 417 420 What women in Europe have the least feet 418 Where women have their feet so small that they are called Sparrow-footed 421 What feet are properly called small 420 Little feet more pleasant to looke upon than serviceable unto the body and although they may be accounted delicate yet not beautifull ibid. Where the women are well proportioned in their feet 431 The naturall use of the Foot 418 That it is truly admirable that man supported upon two narrow soles of his Feet should be kept upright and not fall 419 Whence it is that he stands so firmely upon so narrow a Basis 419 420 That shoees or any induments of the Feet are besides Nature and very prejudiciall to the action of the Toes of the Feet 419 Nations with feet of a Cubit long 421 Nations that have but one monstrous broad foot conjecturally inlarged by Art 421 422 Nations that have but one leg and foot and one arme 422 423 Wild men who have their feet turned backward behind their legs 422 Such another Nation with eight Toes ibid. Where they have long legs broad feet and long toes 423 Nations with crooked feet ibid. Monsters borne with foure feet 300 301 Monsters borne with three feet 301 Nations with one foot 422 Men with feet fashioned like a halfe moone with two toes on each foot ibid. Where they have generally two nailes upon their little toes ibid. Whether any such Monsters shall appeare with their deformities in the Resurrection 423 424 Where the beauty of the Country is to colour their feet red 424 Where they colour the nailes of their feet red ibid. H Head THat the naturall mould or figure of the Head hath been tampered with and altered by Art 1 That Midwives and Nurses in all Regions have a great hand in forming of Childrens Heads after their births 2 The first head-moulders we read of where found and how named ibid. Where they were esteemed the best Gentlemen who had the longest sugar-loafe like Heads ibid. The Artifice discovered whereby they did constraine their Heads to grow into this figure ibid. 3 That this artificialnesse in processe of time was converted into Nature insomuch as thenceforth the Art and diligence of the Midwives therein became superfluous 3 That when Nature was left to her liberty without oppressing her any longer by Art she turned by little and little to recover the figure which she had before ibid. What Nations besides the Phoxi of Hippocrates were noted of old to have high turbinated heads 3 4 6 Where this figure of the Head is in fashion at this day and held a note of great gentility and a gallant spirit 4 The Artifice used by them to introduce this forme of the Head ibid. From whence they received this custome 5 That this compulsive force of Art is many times very injurious to Nature and her operations but not alwaies ibid. When this figure proves a disease when not ibid. This by Bauhinus accounted a fifth figure of the Head contrived by Art 38 The property that these sugar-loafe-like Headed Gallants have in the word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 maintained against those Physitians and Anatomists that have questioned it 36 37 38 That Nature hath many times mocked Art in producing this figure of the Head in some Monsters 5 Nations affecting a long Head 7 By what Artifice they are brought unto it ibid. What inconveniences attend this affectation practised upon supposition of conferring beauty on children 8 Short-heads and Flat-heads by what Nations affected ibid. The Art whereby they attaine unto that figure of the Head ibid. The inconveniences that many times ensue this affected fashion of the Head with the reasons and examples thereof 9 Round-heads by what Nations affected of old and at this day 10 The art by which they acquire and nourish this figure of the head in their Children ibid. 11 12 The dammage they sustaine by thus forcing their heads to a sphericall forme or thorough roundnesse 11 12 A round head why commended by Albertus Magnus 12 Broad Heads by what Nations affected ibid. 13 What art they use to cause this affected deformity ibid. ibid. A very long thin ovall Head where affected ibid. By what art they attaine to this deformity ibid. Square Heads where in fashion 14 What Art is used to bring their childrens Heads to this fashion ibid. The violation of this Artifice not practised nor this fashion of the Head known in the time of Gallen ibid. That Gallen reckoning up the foure non-naturall figures of the Head and amongst the rest this though that this could not possibly be found ibid. Vesalius his authorities and experience opposing Gallen in this matter 15 Hofmans opinion concerning this being accounted among the non-naturall or invaletudinary figures of the Head ibid. The dammage that these Gallants suffer in their intellectualls by this affectation ibid. 16 An example of a child borne with a kind of angular head by the physicall Corrector reduced to the naturall shape 16 17 Cynocephali or Nations affecting the forme or figure of a Dogs-head holding it a singular beauty in them 17 18 245 That they have this resemblance not naturally but artificially and how they bring their new-borne Children to this fashionable deformity 20 246 A kind of Physiognomy to discerne all Nations by the figure of their Heads 6 The regular beauty and honesty of Nature vindicated from these depravations of Art 34 35 The naturall figure of the head stated 36 It s legitimate magnitude 35 The foure equall reciprocall lines required that the parts of the head should agree among themselves ibid. 36 What inequality of these lines in
their just and naturall constitution make a Head long short broad accuminate or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 36 That all figures of the Head are not equally naturall as Columbus supposeth 38 That that figure of the Head is naturall which is for the most part which also is commodious to the actions of Nature such being that which constitutes the naturall figure ibid. What naturall benefits they enjoy who have this figure with a decent magnitude ibid. Why this laterally compressed spheare should be the most proper and naturall figure of the head and the finall causes thereof enquired 39 40 41 The Nurses in those nations commended who have been tender in this point of offering violence to nature leaving her free to her own course not using any thing to hinder the naturall growth of the Head 41 A private example of the benefit received by a renunciation of all artificiall contrivance formerly practised on the Head upon imaginary conceits of beauty and generosity 42 A strange History of an artificiall Hydrocephalos 30 31 Horned Nations 28 29 By what art some of them come to have hornes on their Heads 30 Children born with hornes on their Head and men and women cornuted by a disease 28. 29 Bicipites or men with two Heads 31 32 33 The birth of such monsters ever held prodigious 34 The reason of such strange productions ibid. Acephali or headlesse Nations 20 21 22 23 The doubt of their originall resolved and that they are of Adams progeny 24 25 The finall cause of these prodigious apparitions 25 Why such monsters concurre not to the perfection of the universe ibid. A reason given of this monstrous alienation from the humane forme 26 Infants born without Heads ibid. That reason may perswade us that it is not impossible that the instruments of Nature may perform their office although the head be not advanced above the shoulders 26 27 The artifice which is supposed they use to reduce their Heads below their shoulders 27 That the donation of Nature in the use of the Necke is lost by this artifice 27 28 Nations who use art to alter the substance and temper of their Heads 42 Block Heads and Logger Heads where in request ibid. By what severall artifices they purchase this property of a hard head 43 That by the concurrent temper of the Climate and this artifice their sutures doe grow together and are obliterated their skuls growing solid ibid. Soft-heads where a tearme of reproach 42 That it is inconvenient to keep the Head to warm 44 Where the women have the suture Coronalis loose and how they defend it from the injury of the aire The mistake of Celsus affirming these hard-Headed Gallants heads to become hereby more firme and safe from pain moderately expounded by Fallopius 44 45 46 That although they gain a defence against outward injuries more then the ordinary provision of Nature doth afford yet that they thereby become more obnoxions to internall to wit dâ—seases arising from the retention of fuliginous vapours 44 That their thick skuls may render them more indocile and oblivions ib. The justice and wisdome of Nature about Sutures suffering in the opinion of Celsus experimentally vindicated by Columbus 45 46 Haire NAtions esteeming the Hair upon the Head a very great reproach therefore affecting baldnesse 47 48 Where women shave their Heads and not men and are accounted fairest when their heads are shaven 48 49 The Haire maintained an ornament of the Head against those who would have it an abject excrement which Nature never intended for an ornament 49 50 The Haire no extrement and why ibid. The naturall uses of the haire set out 50 51 That they who cut them wholly away doe not onely bring a deformity upon Nature but afford an occasion of defluxions 50 All the waies of decalvation practised by the ancients to the prejudice of Nature condemned 51 Cosmetiques commended as laudable which preserve Haire for the use and intention of Nature ibid. That shaving the Head is a disgrace put upon Nature ibid. That an indeleable character of infamy cleaves to his name who first suffered the Haire of his Head to be shaved ibid. That his wit was misimployed who tooke upon him to commend baldnesse ibid. Nations who shave the foreparts of their Head 53 54 Nations that shave the hinder part of their Head onely ibid. Long dangling Earelocks worne before where a renewed fashion and a pestilent custome 54 Nations who weare their haire long on the right side of their Head and shave the left side ibid. That these men deprive themselves in a manner of halfe the benefit intended them by Nature 55 The vindication of Nature from this affront 57 58 Where the women use to cut their haire and the men weare it long 56 That the Haire was given women for a covering 57 That Haire hanging down by the Cheeks of women of it 's owne Nature is not contrary to the Law of Nature or unlawfull 58 For a woman to be shorne is against the intention of Nature ibid. For men to nourish long haire is quite contrary to the intention of Nature 58 59 60 That such long haire would hinder the actions of common life 60 Tonsure necessary 59 The regulation of the haire of man according to the rules of decorum ibid. 60 What long Haire it is that is repugnant to Nature against her law and above and besides the naturall use 60 The decency of haire stated 62 63 Nations extreamely affecting black Haire 63 64 By what art they make it come so ibid. The practise of blacking gray Haires ridiculous 63 Nations which of old did and at this day doe affect yellow Haire 65 68 By what meanes they introduced this colour ibid. How they were and are punished for this their lasciviousnesse 65 66 67 Tincture of Haire both in men and women a shamefull thing and dishonourable to Nature 66 67 68 69 How the indulgence and licence granted unto women in matters of ornamentall dresses of Haire is to be moderated 69 Painting of Haire an ancient custome with the Indians 68 Inconveniences supposed to happen to women by the affected beauty of the Haire 69 Nations that anoint their Haire 70 The like vanity observed in our gallants ibid. The effeminate powdering of Haire exploded 70 71 Frizling and curling and plating the Hair with hot Irons an old vanity 71 72 Periwigs an ancient vanity 72 73 Hands LIttle Hands where in fashion and accounted a great beauty in women 287 What art they use to have them so ibid. What women are noted to have the least Hands of any women in the World ibid. Nations that paint their Hands red 288 Where they make their Hands of a golden tincture ibid. Hands painted with a tawney colour ibid. Hands painted with flowers and Birds ibid. Monsters borne with 4 Hands 301 Monsters born with three Hands ibid. Nations with two Hands on the right side ibid. Nations with six Hands ibid. Monsters borne with one Hand ibid.