great Confidence is to arrest and hold strongly his thought and his courage by unmoveable constance among such things as be adverse and contrarie Tollerance is quotidianly or daily suffering and bearing the strange improbities and molests that is to say persecutions opprobries and iniuries that other folk doe Rest is a virtue by the which a sickerness is given unto the thought of contentment of the unstableness of transitory things and worldly vanities Stableness is to have the thought or courage stedfast and sure without casting on divers things by any varying or changing of time or places Perseverance is a vertue that establisheth and confirmeth the courage by a perfection of vertue that is in a man be perfect by force of longanimitie Reason is a vertue by the which a man commandeth to do such things as be concealed and delivered for to come to the end which a man knoweth to be good and utile to be done and had Here endeth the flower of vertues and how they be named and signified in the tree figured CHAP. XXII How Shepheards by calculation and speculation know the xii signes in their course reigning and domining over the xii parts of mans body and which be good for letting of blood and which be indifferent or evill for the same SOme shepheardes say that maÌ„ is a litle world by himself for likenesses similitudes that hee hath of the great world which is the aggregation of the nine skies four elementes and all things in them contained First a man hath such a likenes in the first mobile that is the soveraign skie and principall parts of the great world For like as in his first mobile the Zodiake is divided in xii parts by the xii signes so man is divided to xii parts and holdeth of the signes every part of his signe as this figure sheweth The signes be these Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo Libra Scorpio Sagittarius Capricornus Aquarius and Pisces of the which three be of the nature of the fire that is Aries Leo and Sagittarius three of the nature of the aire Gemini Libra and Aquarius And three of the nature of water Cancer Scorpio Pisces And three of the nature of earth Taurus Virgo and Capricornus The first that is Aries governeth the head and face of maâ— Taurus the necke and throat bole Gemini the shoulders the armes and hands Cancer the breast sides milte and lights Leo the stomacke the heart and the backe Virgo the belly and the entrailes Libra the navill the groines and the parts under the branches Scorpio the privy parts the genitales the bladder and the fundament Sagittarius the thighes only Capricornus the knees only also Aquarius the legs and from the knees to the heels and ankles and Pisces hath the feet in his dominion A man ought not to make incision ne touch with iron the member governed of any signe the day that the moone is in it for fear of the great effusion of blood that might happen ne in likewise also when the Sun is in it for the danger and perill that might ensue Hereafter followeth the nature of the xii signes ARies is good for blood-letting when the Moone is in it save in the part that it domineth Aries hot and dry nature of fire and governeth the head and the face of man good for bleeding when the moon is in it Taurus is evill for bleeding Taurus is dry cold nature of the earth and governeth the necke and the knot under the throat is evill for bleeding Gemini is evill for bleeding Gemini is hot and moist nature of aire and governeth the shoulders the armes the two hands â—s evill for bleeding Cancer is indifferent for bleeding Cancer is cold and moist nature of water and governeth the breast the stomacke and the milt and indifferent that is to say neither too good nor too bad for letting of blood Leo is evill for bleeding Leo is hot and dry nature of fire and governeth the backe and the sides and is evill for letting blood Virgo is indifferent for bleeding Virgo is cold and dry nature of earth and governeth the wombe and inward parts and is not good ne very evill for bleeding Libra is right good for bleeding Libra is hot and moist nature of ayre and governeth the navill the reynes and the low parts of the wombe and is good for bleeding Scorpio is indifferent for bleeding Scorpio is cold moist nature of water governeth the members of man is neither good ne bad for bleeding Sagittarius is good for bleeding Sagittarius is hot and dry nature of fire and governeth the thighs and is good for bleeding Capricornus is evill for bleeding Capricornus is cold and dry nature of earth and governeth the knees and is evill for bleeding Aquarius is indifferent for bleeding Aquarius is hot moist of nature and governeth the legs and is neither good ne evill for bleeding Pisces is indifferent for bleeding Pisces is cold and moist nature of water and governeth the feet and is neither good ne bad for bleeding Aries Libra and Sagittarius be right good Cancer Virgo ScorpioÌ„ Aquarius Pisces be indifferent Taurus Gemini Leo and Capricornus be evill for bleeding CHAP. XXIII A Picture of the Phisnomy of mans body and sheweth in what parts the vii Planets have domination in man We may know by this figure the bones and ioynts of all the parts of the body as well within as without of the head necke shoulders armes hands besides breast back haunches thighs knees legges and of the feet Which bones shall be named and numbred hereafter and it is called the figure Anatomy By this figure one may understand the parts of mans body over the which the planets have might and domination to keep them from touching any yron ne to make incision of bloud in the veines that proceed in the time while that the planet of the said party is conioyned with any other planet malevolent without having regard of some good planet that might in cumber and let his evill course CHAP. XXIV The names of the Bones in a mans body and the number of them which is in all two hundred eight and forty FIrst on the summet of the head is a bone that covereth the brain the which shepheards call the Capitall bone In the skull be two bones which be called parietales that holdeth the brain close stedfast More lower in the brain is a bone called the crown of the head and on the one side and on the other be two holes within the which is the pallis or roof bone In the part behind the head be four like bones to the which the chine of the neck holdeth The bones of the nose be two The bones of the chafts be xi And of the nether iaw be two Above the opposite of the brain there is one behind named collaterall The bones of the teeth be xxx eight
before four above and four underneath sharp and trenching for to cut the morsels and there are four sharp two above and two underneath and be called conines for they resemble conies teeth After these be 16. that be as they were hammers or grinding teeth for they chaw and grind the meat the which is eaten and there is on every side four above and four underneath and then the four teeth of sapience on each side of the chafts one above and one underneath In the chine from the head downwards be xxx bones called knots or ioynts In the breast afore seven bones and on every side xii ribs By the neck between the head and the shoulders be two bones nameâ— the sheares After be the two shoulder blades From the shoulders to each elbow in each arme is a bone called the adiutor From the the elbow to the hand on each arm be two bones that be called cannes In each hand be vii bones above the palm be four bones which be called the comb of the hand The bones in the fingers in each hand be xv in every finger three At the end of the ridge be the huckle bones whereto be fastned the two bones of the thighs In each knee is a bone called the knee plate From the knee to the foot in each legge be two bones ealled cannes or marrow-bones In each foot is a bone called the ancle or pinne of the foot behind that ancle is the heel bone in each foot the which is the lowest part of a man and above each foot is a bone called the hollow bone In the plant of each foot be iiii bones then be the combes of the feet in each of which be v bones The bones in the toes in each foot be the number of xiiii Two bones be tofore the belly for to hold it stedfast with the two branches Two bones be in the head behind the eares called oculars We reckon not the tender bones of the end of the shoulders nor of the sides nor divers little gristles and spelders of bones for they be comprehended in the number abovesaid Thus endeth the Anatomy and followeth the Phlebotomy Hereafter followeth the names of the veines and where they rest and how they ought to be letten bloud WE may understand by this figure the number of the veines the places of a mans body where they be and how they ought to be let bloud and no where else so that it be a naturall day for bloud letting that the Moon be not new ne at the full ne in the quarter that it be in any sign before named good for bleeding but if that such signe were that it domineth the member of the which bloud should be letten for then it ought not for to be touched ne also that it be the signe of the sun The names of the places where the veines be are shewed by the letters set in the margent at the beginning of the matter after the form of the Picture A The vein in the middest of the forehead would be letten bloud for the ache and pain of the head and for fevers lethargy and for the megrim B Above the two eares behind is two veines the which be let bloud for to give cleer understanding and the vertue of light hearing and for thick breath and for doubt of meseâ—ry C In the temples been two veines called the Arteries for that they pant the which been letten bloud for to diminish and take away the great repletion and abundance of bloud that is in the brain that might noy the head and the eies and it is good against the gout megrim and divers other accidents that may come to the head D under the tongue be two veines that been letten bloud for a sicknesse named the Sequamy and against the swelling and apostumes of the throat and against the Squinancy by the which a man might die sudainly for default of such bleeding E In the neck be two veines called Originales for that they have the course and abundance of all the bloud that governeth the body of man and principally the head but they ought not to be let bloud without the counsel of the surgion and this bleeding availeth much to the sicknesse of Leprosie when it cometh principally of bloud F The vein of the heart taken in the arm profiteth to take away humours or ill bloud that might hurt the chamber of the heart or the appurtenance and it is good for them that spit bloud that be short winded by the which a man may die sudainly by default of such bleeding G The vein of the liver taken in the arm taketh and diminisheth the great heat of the body of man and holdeth the body in health and this bleeding is profitable against the yellow axes and apostumes of the liver and against the plurisie whereby a man may die by fault of such bleeding H Between the master finger and the leach to let bloud helpeth the dolours that commeth in the stomack and sides as botches apostumes and divers other accidents that may come in those places by great abundance of bloud and humours I In the sides between the womb and the branch be two veins of the whiâ—h that of the right side is let bloud for the Dropsie and that of the left side for every sicknesse that commeth about the milt they should bleed after persons be fat or lean take good heed at four fingers nie the incision also they not to make such bleeding without counsell of the surgion K In every foot be three veins of the which three veines one is under the ancle of the foot named Sophan the which is let bloud for to diminish and put out divers humours as botches and apostumes that commeth about the groynes and it profiteth much to women for to cause their menstruosity to descend and to fixe the emeroydes that commeth in the secret places and such other like L Between the wrest of the foot and the great toe is a vein the which is letten bloud for divers sicknesses and inconveniences as the pestilence that taketh a person suddenly by the great superabundance of humours and this bleeding must be made within a naturall day that is to wit within xxiiii howres after that the sicknesse is taken of the patient and before the fever come on him and this bleeding ought to be done after the corpulence of the patient M In the Angels of the eies be two veines the which be let bloud for the rednes of the eies or water that runeth continually and for divers other sicknesses that may happen and come by over great abundance of humors and bloud N In the veine of the end of the nose is made a bleeding the which is good for a red pimpled face as be red drops pustules smal scabs and other infections of the heart that may come therein by the great replexion and abundance of bloud and humors and it availeth against pimpled noses and other
semblable sicknes O â—n the mouâ—â— in the gummes be four veines that is to wit two above and two beneath the which be let bloud for the chafing and canker in the mouth and for tooth-ach P Between the lip and the chinne is a vein that is letten bloud to give amendment to them that have an evill breath Q In each arme be foure veines of the which the vein of the head is the highest the second next is from the heart the third is of the liver and the fourth is from the milt otherwise called the low liver vaine R The vein in the head taken in the arme ought to bleed for to take away the great replexion abundance of bloud that may annoy the head the eies and the brain and availeth greatly for transmutable heats and swelling of the throat and to them that hath swollen faces and red and to divers other sicknesses that may fall by too great abundance of bloud S The vein of the milt otherwise called the low vein should bleed against all feaver tertians and quartaines and it ought to be made a large and lesse deep wound then in any other vein for fear of wind that it may gather and for more inconvenience for fear of a sinew that is under it which is called the Lezard T In each hand be three veines whereof that above the thumbe ought to bleed to take away the great heat of the visage and for the thicke bloud and humours that be in the head this vein evacuateth more then that of the arme V Between the little finger and the lech finger is letting of bloud that availeth greatly against fever tertians quartaines and against fumes divers other lettings that commeth to the paps and the milt X In each thigh is a vein of the which the bleeding availeth against the dolours and swellings of the genitours and for to avoid and drive out of a mans body humors that be in the groines Y The vein that is under the ancle of the foot without named Sciat of the which the bleeding is much worth against the paines of the branches and for to make depart and issue divers humours which would assemble in the said place and availeth greatly to women for to restrain their menstruosity when they have too great abundance Thus endeth the Anatomy and Flebotomy of the humane bodies and how one should understand them HEre before we have said of the regard of plannets upon the parts of man and the devision and number of the bones of mans body and now followeth to know when any man is whole or sicke or disposed in any wise to sicknesse Wherfore three things been by the which Shepheards know when a man is whole or sicke or disposed to sicknesse If he be whole to maintain and keep him if he be sicke to search remedy to heal him If he be disposed to sicknesse to keep him that he fall not therein And to know each of the said three things the Shepheards put divers signes Health properly attemperance accord and equality of the four equalities of man which be hot cold dry and moist The which when they be well tempered and equall that one surmounteth not the other then the body of man is whole But when they be unequall and distempered that one domineth over another then a man is sicke or disposed to sicknesse and they be the qualities that the bodies holdeth of the elements that they be made and composed of to wit of the fire heat of the water cold of the ayre moist and of the earth dry The which qualities when one is disordered from the other then the body is sicke And if that one destroy the other of all then the body dyeth and the soul departeth CHAP. XXV Signes by the which Shepheards know a man whole and well disposed in his body THe first signe whereby Shepheards know a man to be whole and wel disposed in his body is when he eateth and drinketh well after the convenance of the hunger and thirst that he hath without making excesse Also when he disgesteth lightly and when that he hath eaten and drunken empesheth and grieveth not his stomack Also when he feeleth good saâ—vour and appetite in that he eateth drinketh Also when he is hungry and thirsty at the howres they ought to eat and drinke And when he reioyceth him with merry folke And when they play gladly any play of recreaton with fellows of merry courage Also when he playeth gladly in fields and woods to take the sweet ayre and sport in meddowes by waters sides Also when he eateth gladly with good appetite of butter chees flawnes sheeps milke without leaving any thing in his dish to send to the almes-house And when he sleepeth well without raving dream of his marchandise Also when he feeleth him light and that he waketh well Also when he sweateth soon and that neeseth little or nothing And when he is neither too fat nor too lean Also when he hath good colour in his face and that his wits been all well disposed for to doe their operations as his eyes for to see his eares to hear his nose to smell c. And thus we leave off the continuance of age the disposition of the body and also of the time Of other signes I say nothing but these be the most common and that ought to suffice for shepheards to know the signes of health Signes opposite to the precedents by which shepheards know when they or other been sick FIrst when he will not well eat ne drinke or that they have none appetite to eat at dinner or supper or when he findeth no savour in that he eateth and drinketh or that he is hungry and may not eat when his digestion is not good or that it bee too long Also when he goeth not to the chamber moderately as he ought to doe Also when he is heavy and sad in ioyous companies when sicknes causeth a man to be thoughtfull Semblably when he may not sleep nor take his rest aright and at due howres Also when his members been heavy as his head his legges and his armes And also when he may not walke easily and lightly and that he sheweth not often his colour is pale and yellow or when his wits as his eyes his eares and the other do not kindly their operation In likewise when he may not labour and travel Also when he forgeteth lightly that which of necessity ought to be kept in memory and when he spits often or when his nostrils aboundeth in superfluous humours And when he is negligent in his works when his flesh is blown or swollen in the visage in his legs or his feet or when his eyes be hollow in his head These been the signes that signifieth a man being in sicknesse and who that hath most of the foresaid signes most is sicke CHAP. XXVI Of other manner of signes almost semblable to them abovesaid and sheweth the replexion of evill