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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
head_n	foot_n	knee_n	leg_n	2,390	5	10.7727	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A61139	The gentleman's compleat jockey with the perfect horseman, and experienc'd farrier. Containing, I. The nature of horses; their breeding, feeding and management in all paces, to fit them for war, racing, travel, hunting, or other recreations and advantages. II. The true method, with proper rules and directions to order, diet and physick the running-horse, to bring him to any match, or race, with success. III. The methods to buy horses, and prevent being cheated; noting the particular marks of the good and bad horses, in all their circumstances. IV. How to make blazes, stars and snips: to fatten a horse with little charge, and to make him lively and lovely. V. The whole art of a farrier, in curing all diseases, griefs and sorrances incident to horses; with their symptoms and causes. VI. The methods of shooing, blooding, roweling, purging, and prevention of diseases, and many other things, from long experience and approved practice. by A. S. gent.	A. S.; Speed, Adolphus, fl. 1652-1659.	1697 (1697)	Wing S5; ESTC R219778	132,086	185

others ●●n sundry regards but especially in that of the Signs who then Govern Viz. Aries the Head Taurus the Neck Gemini the Shoulders Cancer the Stomach Leo the Heart Virgo the Guts and belly Libri the Reins and Buttocks Scorpio the privy Members Sagitarius the Thighs Capricorn the Knees Aquarius the Legs and Pisces the Feet From which Note that it is not at any time safe to let Blood in that part at the time the Sign is predominant or governing in it ●bservations on a Horse as to the Brain Sinews Veins relating to Health Strength c. He that will be expert in Ordering a Horse must not be unskilful in knowing the parts from whence Defects and Diseases chiefly arise the most material I shall briefly Enumerate First Consider the Seat of Life to be in the Brain Heart and Liver from whence it contributes to and disposes every Member and for that cause those are called the Three principal Members to which some would add a Fourth viz. The Stones But that Addition by the wisest Practitioners has been rejected because if taken away Life still remains which it is impossible to do if any of the other be removed Secondly The Sinews which are these viz. Two white Sinews or Tendons beginning at the Nose and passing through the Neck and Back branch into the fore-Legs and end in the hinder Legs taking their Ligaments in all the four Feet Two Sinews called the main Sinews which descend from the Brain and passing down the Cheeks fasten the Jaws Three from the Shoulder to the first Joynt of the Arms or fore-legs besides two other great Sinews Four great Sinews from the Knees to the Pasterns with the same number in the hinder part above As well within as without the fore-part of the Breast are ten Sinews small and great From the Reins of the Back to the Stones are four great Sinews or Ligaments and another great Sinew running to the end of the Tail To conclude a Horse has great and small Twenty Nine or as some will have it Thirty Thirdly The Veins through which the Blood Circulates the whole Body are many yet seeing they centre in the Liver the Seat and Fountain of Blood distributing it into every part divers are of opinion that all other Veins in the Horse's Body are but branches of the Median Vein proceeding directly from the Liver and when-ever that is afflicted with Wind has the Blood corrupted in it or is subject to any other Infirmity it afflicts all at once the whole Body of the Horse Those Branches that ascend to the Head and upper parts of the Body are called Ascendants and those that run down into the Legs and other parts of the Body Descendants And through these branches sleeping and waking the Blood continues its Course Ebbing and flowing like the Ocean by the course of the Moon The things herein chiefly to be consider'd are the Branches properly to be open'd as I have directed in Bloot-letting Page 64. The Bones that frame a Horse's Body their Number and how they are Placed In the Body of a Horse the Bones not accounting the Teeth which are visible thus are Numbred viz. His Head-bones comprehending the Crooks and handle of Skull are although they are compiled of parts and parcels of other Bones likewise two flat handles which form the Pallate and Fork or Throat have Five His Breast-bone and his Chine Fifty two other Bones His Ribs long and short are Thirty six His fore-Legs and fore-Feet contain Forty four The hinder Legs and Feet Forty So that the whole Structure of the Body of a Horse comprizing his Teeth consists of 177 Bones Of the Four Humours in the Body of a Horse c. As Fire Air Water and Earth produce and give Life and Nutriment to all Living Creatures so the Humours viz. Choler Blood Phlegm and Melancholly are the principal Agitators in the Bodies of all Creatures and as it were Compose or at least Preserve them Choler by reason of its heat being alluded to Fire Phlegm by reason of its Moisture and Coldness to Water Blood by reason of its heat and Moisture to Air And Melancholly through its cold and dryness to Earth Choler has its Seat near the Liver which by reason of its heat and dryness accords with the Blood which has its Fountain in the Liver and from thence disperseth it self through the Body Phlegm has its chief Seat about the Brain which is a principal Seat of Life and frequently afflicts when out of temper with Rheums Colds Coughs Catarrhs c. Melancholly has its Seat about the Spleen being the gross and earthly part of the Blood and Choler As for the Offices and Dispositions of these Humours they are four viz. Choler causeth Concoction and voiding of Excrements Blood Nourisheth the Body Phlegm gives Motion to the Joynts and Melancholly disposeth to Apetite Creating a good Stomach The Humours or Constitution of a Horses Body to be taken from the Colour c. The Humours are to be known that a Farrier or any skilful Horse-Doctor may the better prepare the Medicine which I am hereafter to prescribe and this may be done divers ways and particularly by the Colour of a Horse Sympathizing with the Humours viz. If a Horse be Cole-black and has nothing of changeable about him then Choler is predominant in him and by reason of the great heat in him he is incident to Inflamations of the Liver Yellows and Pestilential Fevers and in that case he must have suitable Medicines to allay Heat and purge out the superfluities of Choler yet these Medicines must not be of a quality too much operating lest they impair his Strength for the cholerick Horse though he be fierce and fiery has nevertheless no great Strength If your Horse be Dark or bright Bay neither scouling Countenance bad Mouthed white Flanked white Fleabitten white Lyard like Silver or black with a white Star white Rash with a black Foot then he is Sanguine and the Diseases to which he is most subject are the Consumption of the Liver Glanders Leprosie and such other Distempers caused by Infection Those of this Complexion are very strong and will endure strong Medicine without impairing strength If these Medicines are not compounded of extraordinary hot Ingredients to over-heat the Blood If your Horse be perfect White Yellow Dun Kite colour Mous-dun or the like in mixture then is the prevailing Humour in him Phlegm and such are slow of Nature subject to lose his Flesh also to cold Rheums Head-Ach Coughs Staggers and many other Distempers proceeding from cold watry Distillations and therefore he must have hot Medicines viz. Simples of a hot and strong working nature that may effectually operate on the Mass of Phlegm If a dark Bay colour having long White Hairs called Goats-hairs on his Legs Russet Chesnut Ash-coloured o● Gray Then Melancholy is predominant and his Distempers are Inflamations of the Spleen Frenzies and other the like dull and Melancholy

dry and crusty it denotes great Age. His Tail likewise denotes his Age feel it with your finer and Thumb close to the setting on and if the Joynt ●e knobby and sticking out more than in other parts of it ●● the bigness of a small Birds-egg he exceeds not Two ●ears His Eyes standing out full round and sparkling not ●nking in the pits appearing even with his Temples and ●ot wrinkled and not none apearing in his Eyebrows then ●e is a young Horse but the contrary denotes him old If his skin come up easie and fall smooth when let go denotes him young but if he be of a dark colour and ●he Hair of his Eyebrows turn grey or grisled or it be so ●nder it betokens Age Or if a white Horse have a ●●ack or red Mannel over his Body it signifies the same If the Bars of his Mouth be large and deep rough in ●andling then he is aged but if the contrary then young and fit for Service ●urther general Rules necessary to be known by the Horseman and Farrier from warrantable Experience A Mare 's best breeding-time for a race of good Horses between three and ten years and in suffering her sooner ●o take the Horse she will produce weak and sickly Colts ●r such dull ones as are not worth rearing Put your Stal●on to her in close warm Pasture and feed them well ●t great care be taken of the Mare when she has con●eiv'd often housed and fed with warm Mashes The ●tallion ought not to exceed her in Age above a year to ●e firm limbed strorngly chested and crested free as pos●●ble from Diseases and Sorrances Ride the Mare some●●mes but gently till she has quicken'd and the Colt be come to some perfection House her in rainy damp a● cold weather let her Litter be easie and cherish her w●● dry Meats scattering in a few Cummin-seeds For gelding Colts the Spring and Fall are the b●times the weather being open and warm do this in t●● wain of the Moon the Sign being either in Aries or Virg● Some geld them at nine days but I hold it much bet●● at half a years end then they will be more strong livel● and metalsome Wean them at a year or sooner it yo● find your Mare ●ickly or deficient in Milk then p●● them out of the hearing of their Dam that they may th● sooner forget her and not pine after her but after he seven months old let him not have his fill of suck abo●● once in two days Feed him with Pollard boiled Barl● and put him in short sweet Pasture every day Back him not till three years old lest you make hi● weak in the Loins or sway-back besides it hinders h● growth and generally renders him lame in his Limbs th● you may make him familiar with you that when yo● come to do it it may be done with little trouble A●● then consider for what exercise he is best proportion'd and to that chiefly adapt him In managing him to ●● Paces and other Exercises and in all it is requisite ●● should have a good Mouth trot freely amble smoothl● lifting up his Legs in trotting neither too high nor to low that he gallop strongly be in motion swift and r●● ground apace Directions for the better Ordering a Horse design'd for Exerciseas Hunting Travel c. In these cases the day and night before the day you intend to set out give him a due proportion of Provinder litter him very well and let him be clean rubbed down lead him not abroad but give him warm Wate● in the Stable rub and chafe into his Joynts Neats-●oo● Oyl Trotter-oyl Dogs-grease In the morning let him have Oats and Beans but no Hay if he be brisk and lively Water him not before you ride him out of the● Stable then ride him a mile or two a wracking pace and when well heated ride an Amble Trot or other Pace at ●●r discretion and coming in to your Inn or Stage ●pe off the ●●eat before you rub him down This Knife ●y be made of a piece of a Scyth or broken Sword then ●e him a proportionable allowance of Provinder some●at more than usual If he be any ●hing ho● give him warm Water other●●●old Water will do as well and bringing him home 〈◊〉 ●he like measure● put on his Cloth and tuck dry ●●ps betwe●n his Girts and Body let him stand in the ●dle 〈…〉 then toss a Knop of Hay into the ●ck and soon 〈…〉 him about two quarts of Oats ●● split Beans 〈◊〉 which scatter a little Hempseed ●l cleansed and when he come● to the last Bait give him ●●m Water and Oatmeal light up his Litter and let ●● take his rest And thu● ordering if he be not a de●●ive Horse he will perform what you put him to to ●●r content ●inions as to Saddling and Bridling a Horse much approved ●f the Horse be wild and skittish impatient of the Sad●● and Trench and when they are offer'd to make him ●iliar with the sight of them always hang them near ● in the Stable Offer it till you see some willingness in ● to accept it girt the Saddle on gently and put wisps ●ween his Body and the Girts put on an easie Bridle ●t and so a harder by degrees in a fair day carry him ●●lain ground trot him round you and sometimes che●● him with your Voice strike him a little with your ●nd and lay your weight on the Saddle without mount●● shake and strike the Stirrups against his sides and do ●uch other things as may usually happen in riding by ● means you will become familiar with him and he with ● Then take off the slight and easie Bridle you first try ●●gi●d the Saddle hard wash his Mouth with Ale and ●eacle and put into it a full-mouth'd Trench Bit so ●wing the Reins over his Head lay them on the Saddle ●e them now and then a g●ntle pull that he may feel it ● champ on it fasten then Martingals from the Chaulbands to the Girts yet with some slackness unless he apt to startle and toss up his Head then fasten a bro● piece of Leather about his Neck at his Withers and b●fore the middle of his Windpipe about six inches benea● his Throple between which and his Neck draw the Ma●tingals to prevent his ducking down his head and th● will make him him carry his Neck Archwise like a Swa● and add much to his comeliness And thus use hi● nine or ten days before you actually attempt to ba● him The best Method for Backing a Horse Having made your Horse patient of the Saddle a● Trench carry him abroad then make many offers ●mount by putting your Foot in the Stirrup at leng● leap on his Back sit fast and keep your Legs close ● his sides give him a little head and draw him on ● Ploughed Ground where let him run till he sweat● then breathe him again then cherish him shake yo● Legs and Stirrups keep his head streight and

maintain him in that form in all his doings yet not so that it exceed mediocrity or temperature but remain light on the hand with a sweet mouth Thus having shew'd the Rider that it must be done by keeping this order I proceed Let him stay his Horse temperately upon an even hand as his resistance shall require without giving any other Liberty then with his Rod to strike him gently upon the bowing of the Neck provoking him mildly with the Spur on that side on which he most wryeth his Buttock to the ●nd that he may go just until he draw back one of his fore Feet which if he do make much of him and then stay a while and do the like drawing only the Bridle for the former cherishing will make him to understand and then 〈…〉 go lightly back with both the fore Legs when he is touched on the Neck with the Rod saying with a loud Voice Back at which Voice with the feeling of the Rod and drawing of the Bridle he will go back to the Rider's desire And always after when he is out of the due and true stay upon the Bridle let him do the like that is to go back in form aforesaid and altho' some disorder be committed let not the Rider despair for he shall find him easily won to a good Mouth by this use of a temperate and firm Hand which is by the mediocrity of slacking and drawing properly named a sweet Stay making him light upon the hand champing the Bit with great pleasure and a stay'd Head in due place the true Tokens whereof are just Reins staid and a light-born Head with pleasure on the Bit being Properties inseparable in every perfectshap'd Horse's Actions But because it may seem very difficult to have a continuance of Perfection in every action altho' it is common upon stop or standing still to be in order yet perhaps upon motion he will leave playing upon the Bit and bear upon the head especially upon the main courier which proceeds from the want of true Knowledge how to maintain and continue the hand just and firm with a sweet stay so as that he may take pleasure on the Bit And therefore how to maintain a Horse both in furious and quiet doings is to be consider'd of If then that at any time he make any disorder note it diligently so stay him and make him go backward for in going back he will bring himself to his right order agen Then presently make much of him and forthwith move him forwards fair and gently till he come to the place of stop And as he must be thus used in going forward so he must be used in treading of the Rings first gently upon the pace upon the trot and upon the gallop in practising whereof he must precisely observe that it be done with a temperate staid and firm hand otherwise he will gape thrust his Tongue upon the Bit or over the Bit to defend himself thrust his head out suddenly pluck it in disdainfully or else shaking or moving his head one way or other to be freed from the pressing of the intemperate hand which is to him uncouth and contrary to Nature the which Art should evermore labour to please The true form and practice of drawing the Bridle is also to be learnt which is that being mounted in the Saddle let the Rider draw the Reins equal and if the Horse know not the Bit then let the Bit be very slack and let him hold the Reins in his left hand with the little finger and Ring-finger between under the Pummel of the Saddle as near the Withers as he can and then with the right hand draw the Reins softly and equally together through the left hand so as the Standers-by can scarcely perceive it the which he must not remove until he feel the Horse to stay upon the Bit and there hold them without slacking or further drawing until he perceive whether the Head stand in true form which if it be not then let him a little yield his left hand again and standing so a pretty while bring his left hand to his former place again where the Horse made the first stay upon the Bit then let him draw the Reins with his right hand somewhat more through the left as before but so little and gently as scarcely to be perceived for so must all the motions of the Hand be and then keep it firm and staid a pretty while and if he yield tho' very little let him keep his hand still at one stay neither slackening nor drawing it whereby he will feel the ease that he hath got by yielding and then presently make much of him But if it so happen that the Reins fall slack let him not remove his left hand but draw them through his left hand as before for they must not be slack until they stay again upon his right hand whereunto whensoever he yieldeth make much of him continuing still in this manner to solicite him till his Head be in its due place that is neither too much out nor too much in after which if he bear not light let his Rider strike him gently on the Knees of his fore Legs to make him to go back whereby he will bring in his head and then will the Bit move and his Hand find ease but let him be very careful at that instant to keep his hand so firm as that he neither slack nor draw in to the end he may feel and receive the ease of his own motion of yielding which willingly he will not loose it being delightful to his nature but take some pleasure to stir the Bit in his Mouth and go backward with it the which when the Rider finds are tokens of the winning of his Mouth which to his great satisfaction being won with observation of good order he may be brought to a more continued Perfection Thus I have shew'd the expert Rider so much as the Art may help him but if the Shape and Nature of the Horse be opposite and repugnant as in the greatest number of Horses it is to no purpose howsoever for a time it may seem to be taught yet questionless it cannot be of any continuance But because in the whole Art of Riding there is no one thing more difficult than to make a Horse trot just And that the Perfection thereof is the Perfection of all other of his Doings I purpose to give further Rules Particular Rules and Directions for the Management of a Horse to train him up to a good and commendable Trot being the Foundation of all 1. Let the Rider observe that when he is teaching his Horse herein or any other Lesson that he do not trouble him with any other thing at that time neither suffer him to begin to learn any other 2. That he do not suffer any other to ride him until he be perfected by himself in such Lessons as he taught him lest he should be confus'd by the diversity of Teachers

make much of him although he did it very meanly then let him pause a little time and give him breath and trot him again in the same manner the like distance of ground and as before so gently use him again but if he do not better every time he is taught he must be still solicited until he do better And after that he can in plain ground perfectly advance then teach him gently upon the hanging knole of a Hill to bring him perfectly to stop and run sliding upon his Buttocks or hinder Legs which is very handsom beautiful and graceful for Manage and Turn and therefore let him do it before he is taught any other Lesson then what is shown and when he will do it upon a soft trot upon the swift trot and afterwards upon a soft gallop and not before but never upon a swift gallop until he be perfect both in Turn and Manage If he advance too high and not just and even with a good grace as he ought then may the fault speedily be found and easily amended by immediately correcting him with one even stroke over his Legs the Wand again order'd and convey'd out of his sight with a sweet staid hand on the Bridle Few Tryals will soon amend and perfect what is amiss in the Horse And whereas some appoint many helps for Horses that are harder to turn on the one side than on the other although I confess their general Desire is more apt to the left hand than to the right yet to a Horse of good Nature and perfect shape a little Art will speedily teach him to teach others Of Half-turnings Doubles Chambetta Manage Coureir c. It now remaineth to shew when to make the Half-turn and the Double the Chambetta the Manage to pass a swift Coureir the Corvet and such-like After he is very perfect in those I have set down he is to make a true and a just half and double turn which should be in this manner First when the Rider hath gently trotted stopped and advanced his Horse the length of a short Coureir let him teach him gently and midly to make the half turn beginning always on the right hand that is for the Rider to turn him with the help of his left Leg that his Head may stand that way which before his Tail stood it is called a half-turn because he maketh but half a circle but if in the turn he set his Head that way it stood at the first that is a whole circle and therefore called a whole-turn But let him first do the half-turn perfect which must be done by helping him with his Voice and Calf of his Leg and not at first by any means to have him spurred if he can be otherwise brought unto it because a Spur is a correction which is not to be used but at that instant when he hath committed an Error and not while he remains ignorant what to do by which means undoubtedly being a sensible Creature he will perceive his Errors and Offences whereby with little correction he will easily amend any Fault Let the Rider never go about to make him despair but continually encourage him for having formerly attain'd a perfection of a just even and swift Trot in the Rings the very true ground of all other Lessons he will easily turn on the right hand setting his Head that way his Tail stood the which being perfectly attained then close it up with another half-turn on the same hand with the perscrib'd helps setting his Head and all his Body in the same way it was at first so give him Breath and make much of him then mak● him do as much on the left hand and to change from hand to hand leaning always on the right 1. In the doing whereof observe whether he bring on the contrary Leg orderly 2. That he do it after the first bound of advancing and after the second or third bound 3. That the Rider always as hath been said begin on the right hand and end on the right 4. That after he is perfect in doing of the whole turn that he make him to do it swiftly and roundly without stop or stay of the half-turn and speedily in closing of every whole-turn and in as narrow a compass as may be 5. After he is perfect as aforesaid give him on each hand three whole turns whereof let the first be very fair and softly beginning at the right hand and ending at the right in performing whereof the Rider must always help him with his Tongue his Rod and his Leg by which continual use before he teacheth him any other Lesson which should never be done unless he be perfect in the Lesson he is learning so that the Rider shall in the end with discreet and temperate teaching bring him to an ●●mirable Perfection keeping time and measure that the one be not swifter than the other if either the last which for the most part is as speedy as perfect Now to proceed to the Managing of a Horse the true signification whereof i● to be rightly understood by such as intend to be expert in Horsemanship for to be ignorant of the Terms is to be ignorant of the Art I take it to be a compound word of the word manus and ago the Hand in this Art being the Instrument of Instruments doth guide and govern the Horse to every Action and therefore may fitly be said Mannagere or as the Italians properly call it Maneggiare which is as much as skilfully to handle And therefore when the Rider shall exercise the Horse perfectly and gracefully in his place Trot Stop Advance Double or Single-turn Coureir Gallop Leap Caperiole Corvet Assault or whatsoever the Hand being the principal Order or prime moter may truly and aptly be called Manage which cannot so rightly be done without the general knowledge of the Practice of the Precepts of the whole Art And altho' many worthy Horsemen have and do only rest and refer Managing to Galloping and to bring a Horse to and fro in one self-same path by half-rest whole-rest and when the Rider manageth with a half-rest causing the Horse at the end of every managing path after he hath stop'd to advance twice together and at the second bound to turn and rest one bound doth not the Rider therein exercise the Trot the Stop the Advance and the Turn which he formerly learned and according to the same manner Or when he manageth with the whole-rest and turns him at the third bound or manage him without the rest by turning him immediately upon the Stop without any tarryance or rest at all which only is most common with us in England and yet the managing of the half-rest is most necessary for the attaining of perfection doth not the Rider keep and maintain the Horse in one path one place of stop making him keep his Ground and therein became his Head Neck Legs and his Body just closing his turn roundly and in a narrow room with

true time and measure in every action as he hath been formerly taught How then can managing be properly refer'd to one only Action when it is the perfect acting of every action and Lesson he hath learned wherein when the Rider's Horse is most ready and perfect he may encrease the often doing of his Lessons as he will and make an alteration of his Turns and Exercises to find out the truth of his Obedience and when they are first artificially and then exactly perform'd then may the Rider be truly said to be a perfect Manager Sundry principal things yet remaining to be known by such as would be Expert or Compleat Horsemen relating to the True Managing Now are to be shewed what are the principal things that are to be observ'd in the true Managing of a Horse He is to be taught his Manage with a soft Trot and not with a Gallop my reason is because thereby he may be at the first sensible of Apprehending what he is to do and how to do and that gracefully by the bowing of his Hoofs behind by turning round with the Chambetta which is by holding up the fore foot on the side he should turn whilst he brings over the contrary Leg and setteth it not down until he have closed his turn so as thereby he shall carry both his fore-feet above the ground not trayling upon the ground which is disgraceful When the Rider teaches his Horse which is after he can stop well let him advance before and turn readily on both hands then with a soft Trot come to the place of stop about twenty paces in length and make him advance twice together and at the second bound turn him on the right hand for on that hand you must always begin helping him so that by bowing his Hoofs behind he move his forepart orderly then immediately in a gentle manner trot him back to the place that you came from and then there after he hath made his stop at the second bound of his advancing turn him on the left hand observing the like order until the Rider has gone ten or twelve times and at the last cause him to advance twice together And thus much for the half-rest which is to advance thrice and at the third bound to turn but be sure he be perfect in one Lesson before you teach him another In all the Rider's Managings let his body still accompany his Horse with a good Grace and when that he hath very perfectly learned his Manage on a soft Trot then he may manage him with a Gallop giving him on each hand one single turn and a little before he is turned let the Rider hold his Wand on the contrary side whereby he will know on what side to turn and at the stop let the Rider make him to advance either with his Voice Rod or Spur always being careful to give him breath evermore beginning with a gentle Gallop until he be perfect but I wish the Rider so to use and exercise his Horse that he may be long Master of a good and perfect Horse and not to spend or spoil him in a little time in teaching him needless toys as some ignorant Persons use to do After the Horse is perfect in such Lessons as have been formerly taught and is grown to his full and perfect strength then let the Rider begin him with a short Coureir in a fair sandy way and with a lively Voice put him forward forcing him to run swiftly roundly and smoothly with a steddy Head and lightly to stop himself on his Buttocks then let him turn him on the left hand and softly pace him to the other end of the Coureir-path and there stop him and turn him again to the right hand and so leave off and rest him And as this passing Coureir or swift Gallop must never be done or taught until the Horse be most perfect in all the Lessons so must it be done very sparingly and seldom as once or twice in a month at the most of Of the bound Leap and Yerk Some have a desire for to have their Horses to bound Leap and Yerk and tho' I know it might be most axactly done by the best-spirited Horses but tending altogether to their destruction and a matter rather of foolish delight than of any use I leave it to the disposition of the Owner wishing much rather to have such dangerous Exercises omitted than practised unless that there were more plenty of Horses that are fit for the same or to be spared to be utterly spoiled Therefore let not my Reader admire that he meets here with so short Remarks on them Of the Caperiole and Corvette The difference betwixt these two is that the Caperiole or Goats-leap is always in going forwards and the Corvette still in one place These are to be learned and taught by one Order but neither of them will ever be learned and therefore never exactly done unless the Horse be very perfect for to stop which must be much bending of the Elbow of the hinder Hoofs or Heels of the Horse Now the Corvette may in some sort resemble the dancing of the Bear at a Stake for when he danceth and pranceth up and down in one place lifting his forefeet even and just together seeming to turn if he might be suffer'd that of the Bear is a proper resemblance of the Corvette the which is never well done unless the Horse be just and steady of Head and Body bowing the hams of his hinder Legs as if he would sit or slide on his Buttocks And the Caperiole is in the same manner but still going forwards seeming as though he would yerk behind by advancing his rump but doth not and as he doth it forward so will he do it backward and side-long Now the Rider need not to teach his Horse either of these until as hath been said he be absolutely perfect in those Lessons formerly mention'd because these Lessons are only learned by stopping and advancing the which if he have once perfectly and long practised the Trot him sundry days upon some hanging Ground and upon the knole of the Hill on the same ground make him to advance twice together the which he will do and then help him with the sound of your Lips to trot two paces farther and there to stop and advance twice together at the end of the two paces all the length of a hanging Hill downwards still remembring to cherish him when he does well and to give him breath that all his Performances may be done with delight And if he be helped with the word saying hup and with the Rider's Rod by striking him upon the fore-part of his Shoulders he will go from stop to stop advancing both the fore Feet and hinder Loyns with time and measure as often as the Rider pleases and in such a just even and staid a manner as will be very pleasant to the Beholders Now because I would not have the young Rider to begin any Lesson

ways or more Forward put him to it again and when he stops well attempt to make him Advance upon your stop that is rise with his fore-Legs which is done by a sudden clapping the Calves of the Legs close to his Sides forbearing to touch him with your Spur but shake your Whip or Switch over him which will add much Grace to his stopping and try him till he well understands an● will perform it How to oblige Horses to Retire and endure the various sorts of Bits To make him do this draw him back with a steady Rein that with his Legs lifted up as in a Trot he may retire he may suddenly retreat three or four Pace● which in case you design a Horse for War i● a very commendable thing and indeed in any other on several Occasions observe herein to make him do it in a direct Line not turning to one side or the other nor suffer him ●o Shuffle in his retiring but to take his Legs up even and clever from the Ground Having brought him to this if you design him so War take away his Trench and Martingal leave only the Cavezan of three or four Pieces or Joynts to be used viz. A Joynt in the middle and a strong Ring fastned to it and on each side a Joynt with Rings before them and fasten to them divers Reins in drawing of which you may use your Horse at command Or if this be too hard put into his Mouth a common Bit made up with a French Check fitted to the proportion of the Horse's Neck for if it be otherwise there can be no true Management for the long Check lifts up the Horse's Head and the short one pulls it down Turnings and strait Turns c. The Turnings are when the Face of the Horse in the motion is kept to the Centre or Post or tho' he wheel with his Buttocks swiftly yet keeping his Face properly to the Enemy The strait Turns are when he keeps his Buttocks inward or close to the Center or Post and bearing about makes the Circumference with his fore-part advancing a little toward the Enemy that would avoid him To do the first called the strait Turn fasten a Rein to a ring in the middle of your Cavezan about three Yards in length and to the other two Rings two Reins somewhat shorter so Bridled and Sadled bring him to the Post put the Reins over the Saddle-bolster and fasten them at such straightness to the Pummel that he may feel them and if you be then desirous to turn to the Right take the short Reign on the left hand of the Cavzan and bring it under the Saddle fore Bolster up to the Pummel and fix it at such a straitness that may rather sway his Head from than to the Post his Eyes looking to the Right then let a Stander-by hold the Rein on the right side of the Cavezan at the Post moving it so that the fore-part of your Horse's Body may at full turn about then take the long Rein in your own Hand causing the Horse to bear his hinder parts inwards which may be done by gentle striking him on the outward Shoulder and Buttock as occasion is found causing him to turn about the Post his hinder part being the Centre the fore-part in motion making the Circumference Thus use him on the one hand till indifferent perfect then change the Rein to the other on the outward ring of the Cavezan and so in the like manner teach it him on the other hand and by so doing Morning and Evening you may soon bring him to it with a touch of your Switch observe as he swiftly Trots round that he place his outward fore-Leg over the inward and so by degrees in his Wheeling oblige him to mend his pace swiftly and distinctly and in as direct a Compass as can easily or conveniently be performed till at last he flie with such celerity that his fore and hinder Legs move equal This Lesson perfectly learned Mount and let one hold the long Rein and another the short one and then with the motion of your Hand upon the left Rein of the Cavezan and Bit bearing him Head from the Post and by the motion of the Calves of your Legs and Switch upon his outward Thigh cause him to bear his hinder parts to the Post and Exercise him till he perform it as well with you on his Back as he did before then take away the Cavezan and Exercise only with the short Rein And so having brought him to do it at the Post he will be induced to do it in the open Field without one The strait Turn in keeping his Face to the Post as the Centre and swiftly flying about with his hinder parts the Reins both long and short must be used as before only you must not give the short Rein any scope but darw it nearer to the Post still as he moves about follow his hinder parts with the long Rein and observe in his motion whether he bear his hinder Legs one over the other a● is expressed by the four Legs By the help of your Rod making him bring his hinder part swiftly round the Post and when he is perfect Mount him and cause him to move swift or slow sometimes at the Post and then in open Ground as you see convenient These will accomplish him for the Wars Racing Hunting and other Matters Particular Observations on Ambling Racking and Galioping Observe as to the fitness of pace the Horse's motion of his Legs when he takes them from the Ground and you will perceive in his cross moving what he is properly designed for Viz. If his hinder and fore Leg move together then at one and the same instant and in this motion the nearer he takes up his Limbs from Ground the opener evener and shorter is his Tread but if he do it uneasie slovenly and in a shuffling manner that denotes Stumbling Lameness or some such Imperfection If he tread Cross or Narrow it signifies he is subject to Interfering and will hardly be enduced ever to Tread sure If he takes his steps Askew and Uneven it denotes him subject to Faint and Tire unable to perform long Journeys or hard Service If he treads Long it signifies him subject to Strains and Over-reaches And therefore a moderate even pace and the clever carrying of a Horse's Legs is to be chosen that your labour in Teaching may mot be thrown away But to Particulars As for Ambling If you chuse your Horse for Pleasure and Ease then none is more suitable than this it being opposite to Trotting as thus both the Feet on one side must have equal motion viz. The far fore Leg and the far hinder Leg which must move just Even Smooth and Swift for if the Horse tread false or a wry it takes away much of the easiness of his Pace and if Short then no more Ground is ridded than if he went a round Foot-pace If he treads Rough it denotes Rouling in

and boyl it on the Fire then with Wheat-Bran make it into a hot Poultis and being so warm as the Horse may endure it apply it twice a day to the grieved place but in case that the soreness be where you cannot bind any Poultis unto it then you shall only take Patch-grease and being molten very hot with the same bathe the Horse twice a day and give him very moderate Exercise before and after his dressing it will not only take away all Pain and Anguish but also remove all Swellings Guordings or any other Sore whatsoever For the Wens or Knobs in the Body The Cure is Take of Mallows Sage and Red-Nettles of each a handful boyl them in running Water put thereunto Butter and Honey a little quantity and when that the Herbs are soft bruise them then put thereunto of Oyl of Bayes two ounces and two ounces of Hogs-grease and warm them together over the Fire which being well stirred and very hot make a Plaister as big as the Wen upon a piece of Leather and so renew it for the space of eight days always laid as hot as may be and if it come not to a head then lance it very deep afterwards heal it with very clean washed Turpentine the Yolk of an Egg and a little Saffron well wrought together with a Tent of Flax well rowled therein renewing it every day Another Cure for the same Take a pound of strong Lye and Soap a quarter of Vitriol Roman an ounce of Sal Armoniack as much of Roch-Allum and boil them together till they are thick and use it for an Ointment Another remedy for the same Take Gipsiaecum the strongest and lay it on with Cotton three or four times and it will take it away For the falling of the Crest The Cure is First let the Crest be supported to stand upright then on the contrary side that it falleth draw his Crest the depth of a Straw with a hot Iron the edge of which Iron should be half an Inch broad and make your Beginning and Ending somewhat beyond the Fall but the first Draught must go all the way upon the edge of the Main even under the Roots of the same bearing your hand right downward into the neckward then answer that with another Draught beneath and so far distant from the first as the Fall is broad compassing all the Fall and betwixt these two Draughts right in the midst draw another Draught then with a Button of an Inch about or else crossing the same with your Iron burn at each end a hole or else cross the Spaces betwixt the Draughts the Reason is that by the pursing up and shrinking of the Skin on the contrary side the Crest may stand upright Some will afterwards anoint the same with Fresh Butter or something to asswage the Heat but this is a way to enlarge the Skin and for my own part I hold it best until nine days are past then to take away the Scab will not be amiss For the crick in the Neck There are many Opinions how this should come ●● a Horse and therefore many means ought to be used before any extreme means be used first therefore if the Horse have such a Crick that he holdeth his Neck streight and cannot have the use to lift it up and down as was usual then let two Men on each side rub his Neck rub him stoutly sparing no pains till his Neck be grown very hot which being done put a Bit into his Mouth and make tryal if he can or will rein in any seemly Proportion the which if he do then it is to be concluded the same came by some Cold or some Strain and then I would have him let blood on both of the Breast-Veins and all his Neck throughly anointed and laboured with Aquavitae and Nerve-Oil that it may drink into the Skin and two Sheep-skins wrapt about him with the Wool next to the Neck to keep it in a great Heat and so to rest twenty-four hours and if he do not by this means amend but carrieth his Head still down and feedeth slowly then make a hole in his Forehead close under the Foretop and thrust in a Cronet to raise the Skin from the Flesh a handful deep then take a Goose's Feather well anointed with Hogs-grease to keep the hole open that it may run ten days together and every day twice let the Feather be cleansed and new anointed and let his Neck be still laboured with rubbing covered very warm to keep it in a Sweat and if you perceive no Amendment then draw him with a hot Iron from the Root of the Ear on both sides of the Neck through the midst of the same even to the Breast a straw deep that both ends may meet on the Breast but if he carry his Neck awry on one side then only draw the contrary side with a hot Iron and fail not every Morning when he is fasting to ride him with a Bit till he sweat and the hotter he is the more pull in his Rein and when he cometh to the Stable cool him moderately and rub him throughly To draw the Wolves Teeth These are two little Teeth growing in the upper Jaw next to the great grinding Teeth which hinderr the Horse from grinding his Meat so as he will let it fall unchewed and sometimes you shall see some Teeth so long and over-hanging in his Jaws that they race and cut his Cheeks so that he cannot feed The Cure is Tye the Horse's Head to some Raster or Post his Mouth being opened with a Cord so as you may see every part thereof then take a round Iron Tool half a yard long made at the end like a Carpenpenter's Gouge and with your Left-hand set the edge of that Tool at the foot of the Wolves Teeth on the outside of the Jaw turning the hollow-side of the Tool downward holding your hand steadily then with a Mallet in your Right-hand strike on the head of the Tool a pretty hard blow to loosen it and make it bend inward then wrench the Tooth outward with the inside of the Tool and thrust it out of his Head and do the like to the other Tooth and fill the holes with Salt and if any Tooth do over-hang the nether Teeth to the Prejudice of the Horse then with your Mallet and Tool pare the Tooth or as many as over-hang for hurting the Horse's Mouth For the swelling of the Gums The Cure is To make him to bleed well in the Pallate of the Mouth and also to scarifie the Gums that the rank Blood may come out and then rub them throughly with Vinegar and Salt Of the Rifts or Corruption in the Pallate of the Mouth Take sharp Vinegar and Salt and wash the same and then anoint it with Honey For the Lampus or Hadders in a Horses Mouth every Farrier can cure it For the Cumey in the Mouth This proceeds from the eating of filthy Hay that Cats Dogs and other