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head_n foot_n knee_n leg_n 2,390 5 10.7727 5 false
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A34839 Myotomia reformata, or, A new administration of all the muscles of humane bodies wherein the true uses of the muscles are explained, the errors of former anatomists concerning them confuted, and several muscles not hitherto taken notice of described : to which are subjoin'd a graphical description of the bones, and other anatomical observations : illustrated with figures after the life / by William Cowper, Surgeon. Cowper, William, 1666-1709. 1694 (1694) Wing C6700; ESTC R28571 97,302 335

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in_o its_o oblique_a descent_n become_v tendinous_a four_o finger_n breadth_n below_o the_o great_a trochanter_n 45_o whence_o it_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o pass_v direct_o over_o the_o vastus_fw-la externus_fw-la to_o its_o proper_a termination_n at_o the_o superior_a appendix_n of_o the_o fibula_fw-la 53_o but_o in_o its_o progress_n thither_o it_o be_v conjoin_v with_o the_o tendinous_a expansion_n of_o the_o glutaeus_n magnus_n which_o arise_v from_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o ileum_n 30_o cover_v xviii_o fig._n xviii_o the_o external_n part_n of_o the_o glutaeus_n medius_n and_o all_o the_o external_n muscle_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la as_o well_o as_o those_o of_o the_o thigh-bone_n and_o descend_v over_o the_o patella_n comprehend_v the_o muscle_n of_o the_o tarsus_n and_o join_v with_o the_o ligamentum_fw-la annulare_fw-la which_o retain_v the_o tendon_n of_o the_o toe_n and_o foot_n unless_o it_o may_v be_v suppose_v that_o the_o say_v fascialata_n shall_v end_v at_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n or_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la and_o fibula_fw-la and_o that_o the_o last_o name_v bone_n shall_v give_v a_o origination_n to_o the_o inferior_a part_n of_o the_o say_v fascia_fw-la which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o matter_n more_o of_o controversy_n than_o use._n when_o this_o muscle_n act_v the_o leg_n and_o thigh_n be_v draw_v outward_o its_o tendon_n be_v join_v with_o part_n of_o the_o glutaeus_n maximus_n and_o have_v a_o different_a series_n of_o fibres_n intersect_v each_o other_o do_v thereby_o compose_v a_o strong_a involucrum_fw-la as_o well_o include_v all_o the_o common_a muscle_n of_o the_o leg_n as_o cover_v the_o proper_a whereby_o they_o corroborate_v they_o in_o their_o action_n as_o the_o tendinous_a expansion_n of_o the_o biceps_fw-la cubiti_fw-la do_v those_o of_o the_o carpus_n and_o finger_n sartorius_n aa_n vesal_n m._n t._n i._n o._n spigel_n t._n 34._o l._n 4._o aa_n it_o receive_v this_o denomination_n from_o the_o use_v tailor_n make_v of_o it_o in_o bring_v one_o leg_n and_o thigh_n over_o the_o other_o to_o sit_v cross_a leg'd_n it_o be_v also_o call_v longissimus_fw-la femoris_fw-la it_o exceed_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o muscle_n of_o that_o part_n in_o length_n and_o fascialis_n from_o its_o pass_v over_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o thigh_n and_o leg_n like_o a_o swath_n it_o arise_v sharp_a and_o fleshy_a from_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n 37_o close_o by_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o the_o former_a muscle_n and_o descend_v oblique_o inward_o above_o the_o musculus_fw-la rectus_n and_o vastus_fw-la internus_fw-la and_o over_o part_n of_o the_o triceps_fw-la of_o a_o equal_a breadth_n and_o thickness_n meet_v with_o the_o gracilis_n below_o the_o middle_a of_o the_o thigh_n internal_o and_o descend_v with_o it_o become_v tendinous_a in_o its_o passage_n over_o the_o internal_a and_o inferior_a head_n of_o the_o thigh_n bone_n under_o a_o strict_a enclosure_n of_o the_o above_o describe_v fascia_fw-la lata_fw-la and_o be_v insert_v four_o finger_n breadth_n below_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la internal_o 44_o it_o be_v use_n be_v declare_v xviii_o fig._n xviii_o above_o gracilis_n f._n vesal_n m._n t._n i._n p._n spigel_n t._n 34._o l._n 4._o f._n f._n so_o call_v from_o be_v the_o most_o slender_a of_o these_o muscle_n it_o arise_v somewhat_o broad_a partly_o tendinous_a and_o partly_o fleshy_a from_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la 38_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o internal_o between_o the_o first_o and_o second_o describe_v head_n of_o the_o triceps_fw-la and_o in_o its_o straight_a descent_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o thigh_n grow_v narrow_a and_o become_v tendinous_a a_o little_a above_o the_o former_a muscle_n and_o be_v so_o insert_v immediate_o beneath_o it_o to_o the_o tibia_fw-la 44._o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o it_o assi_v the_o former_a and_o follow_v muscle_n in_o bend_v the_o thigh_n and_o leg_n inward_o seminervosus_fw-la seu_fw-la semitendinosus_n l._n vesal_n m._n t._n 9_o tt_z spigel_n t._n 33._o l._n 4._o l._n which_o be_v so_o call_v from_o its_o be_v half_o tendinous_a and_o nerve-like_a it_o arise_v partly_o tendinous_a and_o partly_o fleshy_a from_o the_o external_n part_n of_o the_o protuberance_n of_o the_o o_o ischium_n 31_o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o and_o present_o be_v dilate_v to_o a_o large_a fleshy_a belly_n become_v a_o round_a tendon_n in_o half_a its_o progress_n which_o descend_v over_o the_o fleshy_a belly_n of_o the_o follow_v muscle_n march_v close_o by_o the_o gasterocnemius_n on_o the_o posterior_n part_n of_o the_o superior_a appendix_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la from_o whence_o it_o pass_v forward_o to_o its_o insertion_n in_o the_o say_a bone_n immediate_o below_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o former_a muscle_n 44._o this_o with_o the_o former_a muscle_n act_v bend_v the_o tibia_fw-la direct_o backward_o it_o be_v tendon_n together_o with_o the_o two_o former_a and_o follow_a muscle_n make_v the_o inward_a hamstring_n as_o they_o be_v common_o call_v semimembranosus_n k._n vesal_n m._n t._n 9_o u._fw-mi u._fw-mi spigel_n t._n 33._o l._n 4._o k._n so_o call_v from_o its_o be_v half_o tendinous_a and_o membrane-like_a lie_v immediate_o under_o the_o former_a muscle_n it_o arise_v broad_a and_o tendinous_a from_o the_o protuberance_n of_o the_o o_o ischium_n and_o in_o its_o descent_n become_v broad_a and_o in_o less_o than_o half_a its_o progress_n begin_v to_o grow_v fleshy_a where_o the_o belly_n of_o the_o former_a muscle_n lessen_v itself_o and_o be_v dilate_v into_o a_o large_a and_o fleshy_a belly_n lie_v under_o the_o long_a round_a tendon_n of_o the_o former_a become_v a_o short_a thick_a tendon_n insert_v to_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o upper_a appendix_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la backward_o n._n b._n that_o the_o fleshy_a belly_n of_o the_o former_a muscle_n be_v above_o and_o that_o of_o this_o be_v below_o and_o their_o tendon_n on_o the_o contrary_n biceps_fw-la x._o vesal_n m._n t._n 9_o s._n t._n 10._o ψ._n spigel_n t._n 33._o lib._n 4._o m._n v._o t._n x._o or_o biceps_fw-la femoris_fw-la to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o that_o of_o the_o cubit_n it_o have_v two_o head_n the_o superior_a and_o long_a of_o which_o arise_v with_o a_o round_a tendon_n from_o the_o same_o protuberance_n of_o the_o ischium_n as_o the_o two_o former_a in_o its_o descent_n become_v large_a and_o fleshy_a and_o in_o above_o half_a its_o progress_n lessen_v itself_o again_o where_o it_o be_v join_v with_o its_o other_o head_n have_v a_o broad_a partly_o tendinous_a and_o partly_o fleshy_a beginning_n from_o the_o n1_fw-la aspera_fw-la of_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la 37_o immediate_o below_o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o the_o termination_n of_o the_o glutaeus_n maximus_n it_o be_v thus_o unite_v grow_v tendinous_a as_o it_o march_v in_o a_o channel_n on_o the_o external_n appendix_n of_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la become_v perfect_o tendinous_a at_o its_o implantation_n to_o the_o superior_a epiphysis_n of_o the_o fibula_fw-la 47._o xviii_o fig._n xviii_o beside_o the_o office_n common_o assign_v to_o this_o muscle_n in_o bend_v the_o tibia_fw-la together_o with_o the_o two_o former_a it_o be_v likewise_o employ_v in_o turn_v the_o leg_n together_o with_o the_o foot_n and_o toe_n outward_o when_o we_o sit_v with_o the_o knee_n bend_v popliteus_n ●_o vesal_n m._n t._n 14._o ●_o by_o some_o call_v subpopliteus_n it_o arise_v with_o a_o short_a strong_a tendon_n from_o the_o external_n head_n of_o the_o inferior_a appendix_n of_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la 42_o from_o whence_o descend_v oblique_o over_o the_o juncture_n become_v fleshy_a and_o expand_v itself_o be_v so_o insert_v to_o the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la internal_o immediate_o below_o its_o superior_a appendix_n 44_o this_o do_v not_o only_o assist_v the_o three_o former_a muscle_n in_o bend_v the_o tibia_fw-la but_o antagonize_v the_o precedent_n by_o turn_v the_o foot_n and_o toe_n outward_o in_o that_o position_n of_o the_o leg_n as_o before_o note_a rectus_n femoris_fw-la i_fw-mi vesal_n m._n t._n i._n s._n spigel_n t._n 34._o l._n 4._o a_o a_o id_fw-la t._n 35._o aa_n i_fw-mi be_v name_v from_o its_o straight_a progress_n and_o situation_n it_o arise_v fleshy_a from_o a_o tubercle_fw-la of_o os_fw-la ilium_n that_o be_v in_o the_o midway_n between_o the_o forepart_n of_o its_o spine_n and_o the_o acetabulum_n †_o from_o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o thence_o descend_v direct_o between_o the_o two_o follow_a muscle_n and_o over_o the_o crureus_n its_o fibre_n external_o descend_v from_o a_o middle_a line_n oblique_o lateral_o internal_o they_o run_v according_a to_o its_o length_n and_o become_v entire_o tendinous_a four_o finger_n breadth_n above_o the_o patella_n where_o it_o be_v unite_v with_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o three_o follow_a muscle_n and_o insert_v together_o with_o they_o at_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o tibia_fw-la 50._o xvii_o fig._n xvii_o
clavicula_fw-la 15_o the_o spina_n scapulae_fw-la 16_o the_o processus_n coracoide_v scapulae_fw-la 17_o the_o short_a process_n of_o the_o scapula_n 18_o 19_o 20_o 21_o 22_o 23_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la or_o shoulder_n bone_n 18_o that_o part_n of_o it_o where_o the_o deltoide_n muscle_n be_v insert_v 19_o its_o head_n that_o be_v articulate_v with_o the_o shoulderblade_n 20_o the_o asperity_n where_o the_o musculus_fw-la subscapularis_fw-la be_v insert_v 21_o a_o sinus_n in_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o shoulder-bone_n that_o receive_v the_o external_n tendinous_a head_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la biceps_fw-la 22_o the_o internal_a protuberance_n of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la whence_o the_o two_o flect_z muscle_n of_o the_o carpus_n pronator_n radii_fw-la teres_n palmaris_n and_o musculus_fw-la perforatus_fw-la of_o the_o finger_n do_v arise_v 23_o the_o external_n protuberance_n of_o the_o last_o name_v bone_n whence_o the_o muscle_n extend_v the_o carpus_n and_o finger_n do_v arise_v 24_o 25_o the_o radius_fw-la 25_o it_o be_v prominence_z to_o which_o the_o large_a tendon_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la biceps_fw-la be_v insert_v 26_o the_o ulna_fw-la 27_o the_o eight_o bone_n of_o the_o carpus_n 28_o the_o four_o bone_n of_o the_o metacarpus_fw-la 29_o the_o three_o bone_n of_o the_o thumb_n with_o their_o ossicula_fw-la sesamoidea_n 30_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o finger_n compose_v of_o twelve_o bone_n of_o which_o three_o belong_v to_o each_o finger_n 31_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la pectoris_fw-la or_o sternum_fw-la 32_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la pectoris_fw-la or_o cartilago_n ensiformis_fw-la which_o be_v some_o time_n bifid_v as_o it_o appear_v in_o the_o subject_a from_o whence_o this_o figure_n be_v draw_v 33_o 33_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o back_n or_o thorax_n 34_o 34_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n i_o k_o l_o m_o n_z o_o p_o q_o r_o s_o t_o u_z the_o twelve_o rib_n w_o x_o y_fw-mi z_o †_o the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n 35_o the_o os_fw-mi sacrum_n 36_o 37_o 38_o 39_o the_o os_fw-la innominatum_fw-la though_o by_o some_o call_v coxendix_fw-la 36_o 37_o that_o part_n of_o it_o call_v ilium_n 36_o its_o internal_a concave_a part_n and_o 37_o its_o spine_n 38_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la or_o pectinis_fw-la 39_o the_o os_fw-mi ischium_n where_o it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o last_o name_v bone_n 40_o 40_o show_v the_o great_a sinuss_n of_o the_o ossa_fw-la ilii_fw-la and_o circumscription_n of_o the_o pelvis_n abdominis_fw-la 41_o the_o foramen_fw-la of_o the_o o_o ischium_n and_o pubis_fw-la 42_o 43_o 44_o 45_o 46_o 47_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la or_o thigh-bone_n 43_o its_o head_n which_o be_v receive_v into_o the_o acetabulum_n or_o cotyle_n of_o the_o os_fw-la innominatum_fw-la 44_o neck_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n 45_o the_o great_a trocanter_n 46_o the_o lesser_a trocanter_n where_o the_o musculus_fw-la psoas_n and_o iliacus_n internus_fw-la be_v insert_v 47_o the_o low_a and_o internal_a head_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n to_o which_o the_o strong_a tendon_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la triceps_fw-la be_v implant_v 48_o the_o mola_n or_o patella_n by_o some_o call_v rotula_n 49_o 50_o 51_o the_o tibia_fw-la 50_o a_o prominence_z on_o its_o upper_a part_n where_o the_o tendon_n of_o all_o the_o extend_v muscle_n of_o the_o leg_n be_v insert_v 51_o the_o malleolus_n internus_fw-la 52_o 53_o 54_o the_o fibula_fw-la 53_o 54_o it_o be_v superior_a and_o inferior_a appendix_n 55_o the_o os_fw-mi astragali_a 56_o the_o os_fw-mi cymbiforme_a 57_o the_o os_fw-mi cuneiforme_a majus_fw-la seu_fw-la internum_n 58_o the_o os_fw-mi cuneiforme_a medium_n 59_o the_o os_fw-mi cuneiforme_a externum_fw-la 60_o the_o os_fw-mi cubiforme_a 61_o part_v of_o the_o os_fw-la calcis_fw-la in_o situ_fw-la 62_o the_o five_o bone_n of_o the_o metatarsus_n 63_o the_o two_o bone_n of_o the_o great_a toe_n 64_o the_o twelve_o bone_n of_o the_o lesser_a toe_n of_o which_o three_o compose_v each_o toe_n ****_o etc._n etc._n the_o appendix_n of_o the_o spina_n scapulae_fw-la os_fw-la humeri_fw-la radius_fw-la ulna_fw-la os_fw-la femoris_fw-la and_o tibia_fw-la fig_n xviii_o represent_v the_o back_n and_o side_n of_o the_o sceleton_n 1_o the_o os_fw-la sincipitis_fw-la 2_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la 3_o the_o processus_n mammiformis_fw-la 4_o the_o os_fw-la squammosum_fw-la 5_o part_v of_o the_o os_fw-mi sphenoide_v 6_o the_o o_o jugale_n 7_o the_o first_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n 8_o part_v of_o the_o four_o bone_n of_o the_o upper_a jaw_n 9_o 10_o the_o low_a jawbone_n 10_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o it_o where_o the_o musculi_fw-la geniohyoidei_fw-la and_o genioglossi_n do_v arise_v 11_o part_v of_o the_o clavicula_fw-la 12_o 13_o 14_o 15_o 16_o the_o scapula_n or_o shoulderblade_n 13_o 13_o its_o basis_n from_o 13_o to_o 14_o it_o be_v costa_n inferior_a 14_o it_o be_v processus_n brevis_fw-la 15_o part_v of_o the_o processus_n coracoide_v on_o the_o left_a side_n in_o situ_fw-la 16_o spina_n scapulae_fw-la 17_o 18_o 19_o 20_o 21_o the_o os_fw-la humeri_fw-la 17_o that_o part_n of_o it_o where_o the_o musculus_fw-la brachiaeus_n externus_fw-la begin_v to_o arise_v 18_o its_o head_n 19_o the_o asperity_n of_o the_o humerus_fw-la where_o the_o musculi_fw-la supraspinatus_n infraspinatus_n and_o teres_n minor_n be_v insert_v 20_o the_o external_n protuberance_n 21_o the_o internal_a protuberance_n of_o this_o bone_n 22_o the_o radius_fw-la 23_o 24_o the_o ulna_fw-la 24_o it_o be_v superior_a part_n call_v the_o olecranum_n or_o the_o elbow_n 25_o the_o eight_o bone_n of_o the_o carpus_n 26_o the_o four_o bone_n of_o the_o metacarpus_fw-la 27_o the_o three_o bone_n of_o the_o thumb_n 28_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o finger_n †_o the_o first_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n want_v a_o spinal_a process_n a_o b_o c_o d_o e_o f_o the_o spinal_a process_n of_o the_o other_o six_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n of_o which_o the_o five_o superior_a be_v double_a between_o who_o be_v place_v the_o musculi_fw-la interspinales_fw-la colli_n n_z n_z n_z n_z the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n h_o i_o k_o l_o m_o n_z o_o p_o q_o r_o s_o t_o the_o twelve_o rib_n o_o o_o o_o etc._n etc._n the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o thorax_n ppp_n etc._n etc._n their_o spines_n rrr_n etc._n etc._n the_o spines_n of_o the_o five_o vertebra_n of_o the_o loin_n sss_n etc._n etc._n the_o transverse_a process_n of_o the_o say_a vertebra_n u._fw-mi w_z x_o y_fw-mi z_o the_o body_n of_o those_o vertebra_n 29_o the_o back_n part_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n by_o some_o call_v dorsum_fw-la ilii_fw-la 30_o the_o spine_n of_o the_o ilium_n 31_o the_o protuberance_n of_o the_o o_o ischium_n whence_o the_o muscle_n bend_v the_o leg_n do_v arise_v namely_o the_o seminervosus_n semimembranosus_n and_o one_o of_o the_o head_n of_o the_o biceps_fw-la and_o the_o quadratus_n femoris_fw-la 32_o a_o acute_a process_n of_o the_o o_o ischium_n between_o which_o and_o the_o last_o mention_v protuberance_n 31_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o musculus_fw-la marsupialis_fw-la pass_v as_o on_o a_o poultry_n 33_o part_v of_o the_o os_fw-la pubis_fw-la 34_o the_o os_fw-mi sacrum_n 0_o the_o os_fw-la coccygis_fw-la 35_o the_o large_a sinus_n of_o the_o o_o ilium_n wherein_o the_o musculus_fw-la pyriformis_fw-la pass_v to_o its_o termination_n 36_o the_o great_a foramen_fw-la of_o the_o o_o ischium_n 37_o 38_o 39_o 40_o 41_o 42_o the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la 37_o the_o n1_fw-la aspera_fw-la 38_o its_o head_n that_o be_v receive_v in_o the_o acetabulum_n of_o the_o coxendix_fw-la 39_o the_o neck_n of_o the_o thigh-bone_n 40_o the_o trocant_a major_n to_o which_o divers_a muscle_n be_v insert_v 41_o the_o lesser_a trocanter_n 42_o 42_o the_o two_o inferior_a protuberance_n of_o the_o low_a appendix_n of_o this_o bone_n 43_o part_v of_o the_o patella_n in_o situ_fw-la 44_o 45_o the_o tibiae_fw-la 44_o that_o part_n of_o the_o left_a where_o the_o musculus_fw-la sartorius_n gracilis_n and_o seminervosus_n be_v insert_v 46_o 47_o 48_o the_o fibula_fw-la 47_o 48_o it_o be_v superior_a and_o inferior_a appendix_n 49_o the_o os_fw-la calcis_fw-la 50_o the_o os_fw-mi astragali_a 51_o the_o os_fw-mi cuboide_v 52_o the_o three_o ossa_n cuneiformia_fw-la 53_o the_o os_fw-mi cuneiforme_a majus_fw-la 54_o the_o os_fw-mi cymbiforme_a 55_o the_o ossa_n metatarsi_n 56_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o toe_n ***_o etc._n etc._n the_o appendix_n of_o the_o spina_n scapulae_fw-la os_fw-la humeri_fw-la radius_fw-la ulna_fw-la ossa_fw-la metacarpi_n os_fw-mi ilium_n femoris_fw-la and_o tibia_fw-la index_n musculorum_fw-la a._n abductor_n auris_fw-la vid._n retrahens_fw-la auriculam_fw-la abductor_n indicis_fw-la pag._n 163_o abductor_n minimi_fw-la digiti_fw-la manus_fw-la pag._n 164_o abductor_n minimi_fw-la digiti_fw-la pedis_fw-la pag._n 222_o abductor_n occuli_fw-la pag._n 53_o abductor_n pollicis_fw-la manus_fw-la pag._n 167_o abductor_n