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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
B05906	The parfait mareschal, or Compleat farrier. Which teacheth, I. To know the shapes and goodness, as well as faults and imperfections of horses. II. The signs and causes of their diseases, the means to prevent them, their cure, and the good or bad use of purging and bleeding. III. The way to order and preserve them, when upon travel, to feed, and to dress them. IV. The art of shoeing, according to a new design of shoes, which will recover bad feet, and preserve the good. Together with a treatise, how to raise and bring up a true and beautiful race of horses: as also instructions, whereby to fit all kinds of horses with proper bits, whereof the chief draughts are represented in copper-plates. / Written originally in French by the Sieur de Solleysel Escuyer, sometime one of the overseers of the French Kings Royal Academy of Riding, near to the Hostel de Conde in Paris. And translated from the last Paris impression, by Sir William Hope of Kirkliston Kt. Lieutenat Governour of the Castle of Edinburgh. By whom is also added as a supplement to the first part, a most compendious and excellent collection of horsemanship, taken from the best and most modern writers upon that subject, such as Mr. De la Brow, Pluvinel, and the Great Duke of Newcastle. Part I.; Parfait mareschal. English. 1696	Solleysel, Jacques de, 1617-1680.; Hope, William, Sir.	1696 (1696)	Wing S4458; ESTC R184351	1,036,506	744

to draw blood from any of the Members governed by any of the Celestial Signs when the Moon enters into that Sign whereby the Member is governed that they intend to take blood from because at that time that particular part of the body will abound with humidity which might occasion some extraordinary defluction of humors upon it and to know exactly what Signs which in the Almanacks and other Astronomical Books are commonly marked with the following Characters govern such and such Members you are to remember that Aries ♈ governs the Head Taurus ♉ the Neck and Throat Gemini ♊ the fore Thighs and Legs Cancer ♋ the Counter or Breast Leo ♌ the Heart Virgo ♍ the Belly and Guts Libra ♎ the Back and Reins Scorpio ♍ the Privy-parts Sagittarius ♐ the Thighs Capricornus ♑ the Knees and Hams Aquarius ♒ the Bones of the Legs and Shanks and Pisces ♓ the Feet of both the hind and fore Parts in Rhyme thus Aries Head Taurus Neck Gemini Arms require Cancer Breast Leo Heart Virgo Guts desire Libra Loins Scorpio Secrets Sagitarius Thighs Capricorn Knees Aquarius Legs and Pisces Feet supplies But without having regard to these Observations whose Foundations may be debated People don't scruple when necessity requires to act without consulting the Constellations although without an urgent necessity they should not Now Horses have a great many Veins through their whole body which may be seen in the Anatomy Del Segnior Carlo Ruini printed at Venice and in Mr. Snaps Anatomy of a Horse in English But People most commonly blood them in the Jugular Veins which lye in each side of the neck near to the throat they blood them there for prevention but it should never be done when the Moon is in Taurus ♉ this being observed as much as possible a Horse may be bled in that part for several Diseases as I have already told you to wit for the Farcy Mange Diseases of Repletion or too great abundance of Blood and many others People take blood from the Temples for the infirmities in the Eyes occasioned by accident if the Moon be not in Aries ♈ these Infirmities must proceed from strokes bites or blows and then the Veins in those parts are to be opened with a smal Lance. Horses are bled beneath the Tongue for Head-akes or for being disgusted and over-heated by excessive Labour or for Colicks and the Vives people have a little Lance made purposly for opening the Veins in that part They also bleed Horses in the Gristle of the Nose by strikeing it through with an Awl or Botkin without regarding whether they hit the Vein or not and that for Colicks Vives and for being very much overheated by excessive rideing As also in the middle of the Palate above the fourth Bar when a Horse is disgusted they bleed them in this part more conveniently with a Lance than with a Horn although people commonly term it the strikeing a Horse in the Palate with a Horn it is good for Horses which are dull harassed and overheated This bleeding in the Palate is many times practised with a great deal of success by persons who know not why they do it They give to their Horses every first Tuesday of the Month a stroke in the Palate with a Lance or sharp Horn in French un Coup de Corne and then cause receive the blood amongst a measure of bran which the Horse afterwards eats and these Horses which are thus ordered are observed to thrive extraordinarly I know no reason for this only experience hath discovered to me that the practice of it is pretty good although I am altogether ignorant of its cause If it happen that your Horse lose too much blood by a stroke thus given him in the Palate you are to raise his head very high by tying a cord about his upper fore-teeth as if you were going to give him a drench and then the blooding will stop of its own accord I saw once a Horse who dyed of a stroke thus given him in the Palate with a sharp horn and whereof they could not stop the blooding neither with Vitriol nor with a button of fire or any thing else they could apply so that the Horse lost all his blood and dyed I have since fallen upon a Remedy that would have saved him and w●● is but a triffle Take the half of a Walnut-shell and applying the hollow i● of it to the orifice of the Wound press it a little hard upon it and so hold it for quarter of an hour after which the shell will stick of its own accord and so 〈◊〉 the blood which perhaps no other remedy could have done People also take blood from the Basilsck or fore-thigh vein for strains in the should or when the Mange is in those parts but this is very rarely done and when it is must be observed that the Moon be neither in the Sign of Gemins II nor Cancer 〈◊〉 and when it is taken from these Veins it is commonly with Fleems and not with Lance. They take blood from the Pasterns for strains infirmities in the Hams and K●●● observing that the Moon be not in Aquarius 〈◊〉 it is taken from those parts 〈◊〉 with a Fleem or Lance as a man hath a mind for it Horses are let blood of in the Toes for beating in the Feet infirmities of the Le● such as swellings and oppression of the Nerves c. providing that the Moon be 〈◊〉 in Pisces ♓ it is taken in this part with the Butteris or drawing Iron They are bled in the Flanks for Colicks and other pains in the Belly someti●● also for the Farcy still observing that the Moon be not in Virgo ♍ the Veins of 〈◊〉 Flanks are opened with a small Lance made for that purpose In the flat of the Thighs for blows and strains in the hanches taking notice 〈◊〉 the Moon be not in Sagittarius ♐ it is drawn there with Fleems In the Tail or Dock for the Fever and Pursyness but then it is to be noticed 〈◊〉 the Moon be not in Scorpio ♏ people take it in this part with a long Lance. When a man bleeds a Horse he should alwayes make a good large Orifice in the Vein that so the most thick and terrestrial Blood may be evacuated because when the Orifice is too small it is only the most subtile of the blood that is drawn so that is this case the blooding doth more hurt than good I have made these Observations of the Celestial Signs which are good when the Disease will allow you the time to make choise of your own hour for blood-letting but if the Disease be pressing then there is neither Sign nor Constellation which should delay or hinder it CHAP. LXX Of the Precautions to be observed in Blood-letting WHen a man intends to blood a Horse he should not only let him rest the day before but also the day following He should likewise choose for it as I have

would have thought that they would have burst at the end of their reprise yet they had not their Flanks much disordered but it is rare to meet with such as these and this wheezing and blowing would make me alwayes reject a Horse In buying Coach Horses People are many times caught and deceived by it especially if they doe not see them draw before they pay for them for there are some of them that during the time they are a showing or making their parade will trot unitely with their shoulders free and easie and having a good movement with their Legs will plant their feet right upon the ground and keep their heads high and firm and yet the very same Horses being harnessed and put to a Coach will so soon as they have trotted a little puff or blow like Oxen that is they are Wheezers or Blowers a man can not oblige the Sellers of such Horses to take them again because they are not pursy therefore before you pay for any Coach Horses see them first draw not only to observe if they have this imperfection but also to know if they draw truly and well Every Horse which is designed for a Coach should in drawing stoop with his hind parts and raise his fore and then he will draw right but if he raise his hind parts and stoop with his fore then he will draw ill CHAP. XVI A yet further continuation of the knowledge of the faults and imperfections in Horses especially those which come in the hind Quarters WHat remains to be examined CHAP XVI A yet further continuation of the knowledge of the faults and imperfections in Horses especially in their Hind quatters is of no less importance than that which hath been already discoursed of in so far as inconsiderable faults do by degrees increase and augment either thorow excessive labour or negligence I shall therefore restrict my self to trace them exactly in this Chapter by discovering all the faults and imperfections to which the Hind quarters are most subject because they are chief and essential parts relating to the goodness of a Horse and without the exact shapes of which he can not be very serviceable especially seing People do many times observe good Horses fail first in those parts particularly those designed for hunting and the mannage and therefore I think it belongs to one who is perfectly skilful to know and understand them all to the very minutest and most inconsiderable You are then first to cast your eye upon his Croup or Buttocks which should be large round and neither pointed nor too long shapt having the Tail placed or set pretty high for those which have the onset of the tail very low are commonly of no great strength and have their Croups pointed and Buttocks too low In the next place lift up his Dock or Rump to know if it be stiff and firm for although this be not an infallible token of strength and vigour yet for the most part it is Horses which are vigorous keep their Docks close and firm when they are pulled up there are others again which carry their tails straight out from them or cock them as we say these are all good marks having lift up his tail you must observe if his thighs be at a sufficient distance from other for it is ane imperfection and a token of weakness when they are too closs upon other People know it when they perceive but a little distance betwixt them and that they press or come extraordinary closs upon one another If the thighs be discharged of Flesh and lean it is a considerable imperfection let the Horse be never so Plump and lusty otherwise it is unpleasant and chokes the sight and People many times find a croup which is large and well turned which becomes narrow in ane instant towards the thighs or Gascorns for lack of Flesh in that part which is a token of weakness in the hind quarters such Horses are said to be ill spread in the Gascoyns Horses which have a sudden twitch with any of their hind legs that is which have the Dry-spavin are very subject to this imperfection for the Muscle of the thigh which should be alwayes very full and large in that part hath no bigness this muscle is situate upon the fore part of the thigh and the back part of the thigh over against it is somewhat thin and trenchant whereas it should be very large and full Thighs which are full and well charged with Flesh and shoulders which are small and have little Flesh upon them are alwisethe best You are also to observe if the Horse be bowed in his hind legs or have them arched inwards for although such bow legged horses be many times good yet it is an inconvenient enough imperfection in Mountainous Countreys because that in the great descents they strike and rub their hams against one another and besides they have commonly a weak hind hand for as a man with his knees joyn'd cannot raise from the ground such a great weigh● as if he set his legs a little asunder so for the very same reason is it that a horse which hath his hind legs bowed or arched hath them also a little more weak then otherwayes he would There are some horses of mannage which are a little narrow and strait in their hams and yet go very well but they would yet go better if they had not that imperfection The Horse Coursers to describe a horse which is bowed or Arched inwards in his hind Legs say that he is closed behind imagining by the smoothness of the expression to diminish the imperfection Horses of mannage which are thus very much bowed can perform no beautiful action upon their haunches for their whole mannage is unpleasant not only to those who behold them but also to themselves by reason of the difficulty they find in performing it It is very easie to perceive and understand this imperfection because the hams are nearer to other than the feet especially the points of the Hams called the Hocks and the distance enlarges still towards the Feet as it doeth in these men which are called Baker-leg'd or which have them after the form of a renversed Y. You are afterwards to consider the hams and to look upon them as the most important parts in which no small and inconsiderable faults can be found and to which few people take great notice because they can scarcely be convinced that such imperfections are really to be found in them for every one easily flatters himself in his own interest and perswades himself that the imperfection which People show him does only consist in the imagination of him who pretends to discover it I had almost forgot to tell you in this place although I have hinted a little at it else where that there is an imperfection in the hind Legs which is just contrary to what I have been mentioning because in walking or riding the horse carrieth them outwards so that

as they Having observed all I have been saying you are as yet to consider if your horse be Sound that is if he doe not halt you will know it best upon the Step or Trot for upon a Gallop a man can perceive but very little without having had a great and long experience especially if the lameness lie in his fore quarters but still it will be less perceptible if he be gallop't by a good and skilful horseman The surest way then by far to know if a horse halt is to make use of the very same method people take for Coach horses which is to cause trot them along the streets i● ones hand it is there that a man cannot possibly disguise and conceal a horses lameness and is the true touch stone whereby a man cannot be deceived in buying any kind of Horses and not only for knowing if they halt but also for observing their strength and reins When a horse trotteth in ones hand you are to observe if the lifting up keeping up and setting down of his fore Legs in French Le Lever Le Soutien et L'Appuy be such as they ought and as I have already told you in the 11 Chapter if he keep his Reins streight and equall without rocking or swinging his head high well placed and firm for if he halt he will mark every time in his trot with a motion of his head When a horse rocketh which I have explained in discoursing of the Step or Walk it is when one of his haunch bones goes up and the other down always the one after the other every st●p he marketh with his trot for his Croup should not at all move thus after the fashion of a ballance beam and if it do it is a token of no great strength The Horse-Marchants are obliged to warrant and secure the horses they sell from these infirmities following to wit Pursyness Glanders that he shall prove sound when either warm or cold that is that he shall no more halt after he is warm than he did at first going out of the stable when cold If a horse have any of these three infirmities people both at Paris and almost over all France oblige the seller to take him again within nine dayes after the delivery For the other infirmities which I have been all along explaining in the preceeding Chapters you are to have your eyes as sharp and clear sighted as possible that so you may discover them because thē Horse-marchants who are otherwayes generally called Horse-coursers are not obliged to warrant them nay nor even the Eyes for it is to be supposed that you might have looked to them and so have discovered whether they were good or not but if you are a buying a horse from a Gentleman or Burgess who tells you expresly that he will not warrant his soundness you should in that case use all diligence imaginable to discover the horses infirmities if you suspect he have any for when a horses price is once payed it is very difficult to make him be taken back again When a Man buyeth a Horse at Paris it is very fit to know the person from whom he is bought least he might have been stoln because it is lawful for the true owner of the Horse to take him again where ever he can find him so that in this case the Buyer will be sent to seek after the Seller he knoweth not where and if he cannot find him the price of the Horse is lost for good and all it is just so when a Man buyeth a Horse in the weekly Mercats but if it be in an open and publick Fair there is no such hazard You are yet further to observe if the Horse you intend to buy be right situat and planted upon his legs and feet as he is standing still and quiet and that he have the toes of his hind feet pointing streight forwards and turned neither out nor in or that he do not bring his hind legs too much forwardbeneath his belly as he is standing which is the very worst of all stances People say of such a horse that his two ends or head and Croup are going to join when they perceive him standing in such a posture and it is either a token of a bad horse or that he is much fatigued when he thus endeavours to give ease to his fore-legs by bringing forwards and as it were beneath his belly those behind that so he may make them support the most considerable weight of his body Having thus examined your horse in every point as I have directed you will when once you have had a little practice in the twinkling of an eye find out and discover the smallest imperfection so that if a horse have any it will be the first thing will fall under your view and presently displease you you are in the next place to consider if he have a good Mouth CHAP. XVIII How to know if a Horses Mouth be good and Loyal A Horse to have a good Mouth CHAP. XVIII How to know if a Horses Mouth be good and Loyal should have a well raised Neck and if it be somewhat large and thick it should be at least well turned his reins strong and well shapt and his legs and feet likewise if he have all these right no doubt but he will have unless it be by accident a very good Mouth Look to or rather feel between the upper parts of the jaw-bones to know if they are sufficiently well seperate that so the Horse may with the more ease bring in and place his head exactly for if these two bones be too closs upon other and that he have also a short and thick Neck charged with flesh so that he cannot place his Head right his having a good mouth well be to little purpose because you cannot make use of it and also this goodness of the Mouth is only agreeable when the Head is brought in to its best situation and posture for we do not imitate the Cravates who make their horse carry their Noses in the Air by which they are very subject to falling and also when any of them are in thir countryes the Clods or Stones in the high-wayes make them frequently trip and stumble You have in the second Chapter of this First part particular observations whereby to know when a Horses Mouth is good to which I referr you that I may avoid repetitions put your finger into the horse's Mouth pressing his barr pretty hard with it and if you find that it paineth him it is a token that the barr is sensible and consequently that his Mouth is good but upon the contrary if the barr be not sensible his Mouth will be nought for a horses Mouth is no otherwise good but it so far as it is less or more sensible however too great a degree of it will render it bad as I shall shew you Move your Finger also along his barrs to feel if they be high and ridged and

there are some horses which as they come first out of the stable ply their haunches and goe very low behind but they cannot continue long at it because it is too constrained a motion for the horse perhaps unites al● his strength to give ease to his fore-legs which are bad and as no violent action is durable therefore he cannot continue long at this so that after a short time taking himself to his old train he will goe swinging and rouling his croup at each step and ride very disagreeably all the rest of the way There are however some horses which having very good and excellent Reins ply their haunches and goe upon them at their very first coming out but then this is 〈◊〉 mark of their strength and reins in so far as being mounted by a good horseman he will make them continue their train with their haunches thus plyed without intermission which it were impossible for them to doe if they had not besides good reins 〈◊〉 great dale of nimbleness and activity with an excellent and sensible mouth Su●● horses as these are both rare and very dear It now remains that I discourse of those horses which goe shuffling and mixt kind of paces which generally speaking are worth nothing for as such paces are either a mixture of the amble and walk called in French L'entre pas or traquenard or of the amble and Gallop in French L'aubin a horse cannot continue at them and commonly such horses are fretful and hery which obliges them at their first outsetting to take themselve to such kind of shuffling paces Sometimes also they proceed from a weakness either in their reins or legs but if it hath never been a horses custom before to goe a shuffling pace betwixt the walk and amble and that you find he now inclines to it of his own accord it is almost always a token that his legs are either spoilt or weak and that he erpects by this mixt kind of pace to give ease to them The publick messengers Mail-horses which are these that carry the panniers or packs take up this kind of pace by carrying the large pack-sadles and by degrees learn to Amble as they spoil in their legs and become old Some ambles which are forced that is horses which have been constrained to amble by help of the Tramel without having any disposition to it are many times not very agreeable and easie because they don't commonly keep at it above half an hour after which they take themselves to their accustomed pace and go either at a step or a pitiful short Trot 'T is true that the most part of English horses have an amble which i● not at all natural to them but which they have been artificially taught and indeed no horses in the world amble better than they doe for they are taught it with a great dale of art and many Colts have at two years old the Tramel put to them when they are at Grass and are left so in the fields with them every Summer both night and day untill they be four years old which is the age at which they commonly begin to back them so that by this long habit of running with the Tramel they contract a second Nature and either Amble as they are pressed or use their natural pace when they are suffered to goe slowly I have my self attempted to teach several Horses to Amble both by the help of Tramels and without them only by the hand but they never arrived to such a perfection in it as many Horses I have seen come from England even although the method of teaching it was discovered to me by one of the most expert and skilful in that imployment for he would have perfected and confirmed some horses in the Amble in fifteen dayes time and that only by the hand without the Assistance of the Tramel but that which happened to those I designed to teach was that there Legs were all spoilt and galled with it and by the violence they suffered in going such a constrained motion they became many times lame in short the most part of them came only such a length that they were more fit for deceiving People than yeilding any good and profitable service so that if any person have a design to try his skill this way I advise him to follow no other method than that practised by the English which he may find set down in the 33 Chapter of the Supplement of Horsemanship annexed to this first part When a Horse hath naturally a mixt pace and that he goes sometimes the motion of the Amble and other times the Trot or Walk it is very fit and reasonable to apply the Tramel to him that so it may assist nature to confirm him in a pace and which may prove also a very great help to give him such an Amble as may be both true and of long continuance whereas if you did not make use of the Tramel there would happen this inconveniency that he would go the Traquenard which is a mixt and shuffling kind of motion and but a very bad pace When a Horse hath an inclination to Amble the English method of Tramling succeeds very well Now the motion of the Walk is different enough from that of the Gallop and the qualities which a horse should have to make him walk well are quite different from these he should have that so he may gallop well nay they are almost quite contrary Because to walk well he should tread hard and firm whereas to gallop well he should scarcely suffer his feet to touch the ground which is the way people express themselves when they would signifie that a horse should gallop lightly and easily and it is upon this account that horses which walk very well do commonly never gallop in perfection and that those which gallop perfectly do upon the contrary never walk exactly well however there are horses which have both a good walk and excellent gallop but they are rare and hard to be got A horse that hath a had walk will run so much the better provided he have also mettle A Horse which is designed for hunting should be Vigorous and full of mettle gallop upon his haunches and but graze slightly upon the ground with his feet that is should goe smooth and not raise his fore-feet too high but list them easily and without much trouble his head and Neck high and well placed without resting too mu●h upon the snaffle and also giving a little snort with his Nostrills each stroak he maketh which is a token of good wind when a man is taking a tryall of a horse by galloping he should observe if he perform it equally while he continues him at it and at last he shou'd push him on a little hard to know by his stop if the horse have as yet strength and vigour which is called a Source or Fund and if he be also sensible of the Spurrs This is what I promised to discover to

the method I have before prescrived is better After you have then brought them from the water you shall give them fresh Hay and suffer them to eat of it till Eleven or Tuelve a clock at which time you are to make clean the Manger and give each of them two measures or two French pecks of clean sifted Oats which is somewhat less than two English quarts which you are to suffer them to eat at their own ease others again give them only two such measures heaped of wet Bran which is a very good method for horses of mannage because it refreshes and cools them after their violent exercise and your larger siz'd horses stand also in need of moistning being generally of a hot constitution and full of fire After they have eaten their Oats or Bran you are to put them upon a snaffle or a vering-bit their Tails being turned to the Manger and let them stand thus till four a clock in the After-noon People do not only put horses upon the Snaffle or Slavering-bit which is more proper to prevent their eating but also to discharge their brains this method causing them voyd a considerable quantity of watery Flegm which cannot but be prejudicial were it not evacuate and which is a thing very well worth observation for notwithstanding that there was of old so many knowing Anatomists they never discovered till of late the Vessels by which the Saliva or Spittle is conveyed into the mouth The Spittle falls from two small conduits which take their rise betwixt the Parotide Glands and are insert between the two neither jaw-bones below the Crotaphite Muscle from whence by the motion of this Muscle and the Tongue the humour or Spittle falleth by degrees into the mouth not so much as one Author hath mentioned these Salival Ducts or passages their discovery being only made lately at Paris This time that horses are suffered to stand upon the Slavering-bit produceth a very good effect for it helpeth the aliments which are frequently in too great abundance in the stomack especially being swallowed down with greedyness to digest and giveth also an appetite to those horses which want one If the Groom in turning the horses from the Manger upon the Snaffle observe that they have not eaten all their Oats without any manifest cause then it is a token that they are either disgusted or sick he is therefore to put these upon the Masticadour or Slavering-bit iustead of putting them upon a Snaffle this Slavering-bit is a kind of Snaffle which hath two large Asses treads the one a little shorter than the other and which are put into the horses mouth to cause him Slaver and thereby discharge his Brain I have given the shape of it in plat 3. Fig. 13. If a horse which eateth not his Oats be simply disgusted without any appearance of sickness and that he have his head heavy his Eyes swelled or his Mouth foaming and that there falls from the Bit a great deal of driveling Slaver which ropes almost to the very ground you are then to take half an Ounce of Assa-faetida and wrapp●● it up in a peice of linnen cloath tye it to the middle of the Slavering-bit which 〈◊〉 cause him throw out a great deal of those watery phlegms and give him a good 〈◊〉 petite about four a clock or between four and five turn your horse again 〈◊〉 the Manger suffering him to eat his Hay till about Six at which time 〈◊〉 must take him again to the water as in the morning at Seven a clock you 〈◊〉 give him two more of the above mentioned measures or three if you please 〈◊〉 according as you find the horse to need it these measures as I have said contain 〈◊〉 very near two English quarts after he has eaten his Oats give him what wheat-S●●● he can eat till next morning observing alwayes to give him his Oats and water ● near together as you can for the observation of this Rule or method is extre●●● porfitable At nine a clock at night put a good deal of Litter beneath him shaking it 〈◊〉 well forwards towards his fore-legs because horses do commonly in the night-time thrust it too far back and almost behind them with their feet People give Wheat-straw to horses rather in the night time than in the day to 〈◊〉 end that when they have ate the empty heads or Ears of it and that which is be●● the rest being pulled down among their Feet may serve them for Litter for if the got it in the day time it would not be possible to keep their stable neat seeing the● would be alwayes some straw lying amongst their Feet besides that the cool●● of the night obliges them to eat it better and the hay which is given them i● the day time causes them to drink the more heartily and therefore it is very proper to give them alwayes a little quantity of it in the day time to keep them plump and fat although the Spanish horses in their own Countrey are not suffered to taste it their straw there is sweeter and more juicy where also the Barley which they 〈◊〉 supplyes the want of a little hay which People are necessitate to give them in 〈◊〉 as well as their other horses although it should be but six or eight pounds a day to some moreand others less I am here discoursing of Spanish horses Barbs Turks and other horses of Manage of a light size and I cannot understand why many people give to their horses 〈◊〉 in the day time and hay in the night because besides what I have said it were 〈◊〉 tainly very much to be wished that horses slept in the night-time which they 〈◊〉 not so readily do if people give them good hay upon which they are a great 〈◊〉 more greedy and bent than upon straw and whereof if they eat too much it will● be the better for them indeed horses which are journeying would be but badly 〈◊〉 dered having travelled the whole day if people at night gave them only straw in pl●● of good hay and it is not for these kind of horses that I write this Chapter but 〈◊〉 for extraordinary horses such as fine Hunters and delicate horses of Mannag● which labour little and only for their Masters divertisment and pleasure For Coach-horses which stand commonly all day upon the street or before a g●● as they have no time allowed them to eat hay but in the night being bridled 〈◊〉 greatest part of the day it is most proper to give them hay in the night ti● and straw in the day Tye your horses in the night time with two bindings that so they may not 〈◊〉 with those which stand next them and the Ropes or Longes are to be so long as 〈◊〉 they may easily lye down with them the Cross-barrs which are between the ho●● should be of a good height that is a little higher then their hams with Ropes fastend to the ends of them whereby they are to

that those 〈◊〉 which have their feet so and so marked with white do most frequently prove go●● The surest way of all then for a man is to mount and try them several times himself before he offer to give his judgement because the best Horse-man in the world if he be not perfectly experienced may come to be deceived by only observing another persons Riding and tryal of a horse Yea which is more he may be deceived although he even Ride him himself especially if the horse be young in respect th●● horse's Vigour and Spirits alter extreamly with his Age just as a young Boy 's 〈◊〉 when he becomes a man with this difference only that as a horse arrives 〈◊〉 at his prefection then a man so does he also sooner decay and perish But now let us consider which are the best or at least the most beautiful Co● of horses for a man should be very carefull that his Stallion be of a good and agre● Colour that so he may give the better Tincture to his Race Mens opinions conce●● the Colours of horses vary as much as their fancys however there are some ge●● Colours which please most part of people as for example The light Bay 〈◊〉 Mane Tail extremities of the legs and list along the Back all black and 〈◊〉 besides a Star in the fore-head the Chesnut Bay or as some call it the Scarle● Cherry coloured Bay with both the hind feet White and a Star in the fore 〈◊〉 the Roan well marked or which is yet better the Roan with a black or 〈◊〉 the Dark dapled Gray which does not so very soon become White the Black 〈◊〉 Blaze or Star in the fore-head I once saw an Isabella Colour with 〈◊〉 Tail extremeties of the legs and list along the Back all black having 〈◊〉 a Star in the fore-head which appeared to me very pretty and genteel 〈…〉 an Isabella with Mane and Tail white and well marked which were both of 〈◊〉 most fine and excellent horses The Sorrel is not a bad Colour provided it he 〈◊〉 marked and have the Mane Tail and extremities of the legs all black The 〈◊〉 or Burnt sorrel is one of the best of Colours the Pyebalds don 't please me a true Py●● should be white and black I have known some very good white horses which 〈◊〉 black all about their Eyes and Nostrils the Ash-coloured-Gray is not a bad 〈◊〉 the Flea bitten Gray is excellent ' and so is also the Trout-colour'd or Freckled 〈◊〉 there are few horses of these two last Colours until they become a little Aged I 〈◊〉 also seen some very good Iron-coloured Grays although it be generally no 〈◊〉 colour the Sandy-gray is very good the Deer-colour is not bad providing 〈◊〉 well marked and have also the Mane Tail and extremities of the legs black I 〈◊〉 seen Bay horses that had a mixture of white hairs amongst the Bay called in 〈◊〉 Rubicans with their Manes likewise mixed after the same Manner as also with their Manes and Tails black which are both commonly very good But after all the judgement that is drawn from the Colour is according to Mens fancies because there are good and bad horses of all Colours as well as of all marks so that the only sure way to know them is to take a good tryal of them by either seeing them Rid or Riding them ones self None of those in France who understand horses have ever doubted but that a good Colour prepossesseth people with an opinion of a Horses goodness which also holds very often for experience discovers daily to us the truth of it but as a man may come to be deceived by it so he should alwayes joyn it with other things which necessarly oblige all people to judge of the goodness of a horse and then by both together he will be better capable to give a more positive and certain judgement than if he should look upon all Colours as equally good Some people say that there was never a good horse of a bad Colour meaning thereby that it matters not much of what Colour a horse be so he be good But it is very certain that a good horse may be of a bad colour for a Man may have a Coat of a very Rich Velvet which may be of an ugly and disagreeable Colour In fine I conclude that the Colour is of no great import however I would rather desire you should chuse a Stallion of one of the above mentioned Colours than of any other To wit the light Bay with Mane Tail the extremities of the legs and list along the back all black having also a Star in the fore-head The Scarlet or Cherry-bay or Dapled Chasnut-bay either with the near hind-hind-foot only or both hind-feet white and a Star in the fore-head the Roan with a Black or Dark coloured Head the Black with a Blaze or Star in the fore-head the very Dark dapled Gray and the Sandy Gray which are to be put to Gray or White Mares only the Dark sorrel with a Star in the fore-head the Isabella with Mane Tail extremities of the legs and list along the Back all Black and a Star in the fore-head all which may pass for excellent colours for a Stallion Other Colours are good but I esteem those best which I have named because of their agreeableness and beauty You see I differ extreamly from the Duke's opinion but I have alwayes heard the above mentioned Colours most esteemed for Stallions CHAP. LXXVII Of the Shapes of Horses in general and of horses of different Kingdoms THe perfect shape of a horse as many Authors have described it to us CHAP. LXXVII Of the shapes of horses in general and of Horses of different Kingdoms is so very nice that it cannot possibly be found being but a meer Chimaera because they take the shape of each particular member from horses of different Kingdoms and joyn them together to make up a perfectly well shap't horse so that they compose them as they please and frame a horse only after their own Fancie and not at all according to Nature The Barbs are of one kind of shape Spanish horses of another and Turkish horses differ also in their shapes one from another The Neapolitan horses have likewise one shape and the Frizland and strong knit Dutch horses differ in shapes from them all yet nevertheless the horses of all these Countreys are perfectly well shap't in their kinds and according to the different structures of their Bodies and although there be also different Sizes amongst all these various kinds yet when I see a horse I can immediatly discover whether he be a Barb Spanish horse Turk Neapolitan or strong Dutch horse Several People have asked me which was the best and most beautiful horse in the World To whom I replyed that until they told me 〈◊〉 what use they desired him I could give them no positive answer because the mo●● part of the horses of all these different

of wheat straw Stepping him out twice a day to the Water and after he hath Drunk walk him up and down an hour without making him sweat that so you may bring him in Wind and it should be about two hours every day that he should be thus walked abroad in some pleasant Field wherein he takes delight if a Stallion were not thus brought in wind before he is made to Cover he would either become pursey and broken-Winded or run a great Risk of being so and were he not well fed he could not perform his Task but 〈◊〉 deceive your Mares or at least the Colts would be but pityful and very weak 〈◊〉 Sine Cerere Baccho friget Venus and although you nourish him very well yet 〈◊〉 will alwayes take him in again abundantly lean if you give him many Mares he 〈◊〉 not serve you so long and his Mane and Tail will fall away through poverty 〈◊〉 you will find difficulty enough to recover and bring him to a good condition 〈◊〉 Body for the year following you are therefore only to give him Mares according to 〈◊〉 strength that is twelve or fifteen and at most twenty Wee should in England cause cover our Mares in the beginning of June that 〈◊〉 they may Foal in May in which Month there is plenty of Grass and which will 〈◊〉 make the Mares have a greater aboundance of Milk for the better nourishing of their Foals Mares go with Foal eleven Months and as many days as they are yee old for example a Mare of nine years old will carry her Foal Eleven Months a●● nine dayes and one of six eleven Months and six dayes so that a man may here by regulate himself in the Causing cover his Mares that so their Foals may 〈◊〉 brought forth at such a time of the year as there will be aboundance of Grass in the Countrey where he intends to keep his Breed It sometimes happens that Mares kill their Foals through carelesness or for hareing been entangled in the stable with their Halters or through the difficulty they have in bringing them forth To assist a Mare at her Delivery now seing you may easily by what hath been sai● guess near at the time when she should Foal you should therefore cause alwayes a Servant attend her that so he may assist in case of necessity and who may observe whether it be for want of strength or courage that the Mare cannot bring forth her Foal in which case he is with his hand to close her Nostrils which will make her press to have breath in making which effort she will be delivered or otherwise let him pour into her Nostrils a little Claret Wine boyl●d with Fennel and Sallad-Oil which will also assist her to bring forth But if through misfortune it be dead in her belly then you are to endeavour to cause her bring forth the dead Foal and also preserve her life by the following remedy take of Mare or Asses Milk or for want of that Goats Milk four pound weight which is about two English Quarts three pounds of strong Claret Wine-Lees Olive Oil two pounds juice of white Onions one pownd mix all together and make it Luke warm after which give it the Mare at twice about a●e hour betwixt each Drench If this remedy have not effect enough then some adroit Person shall anoint his ha●d and arm with Olive Oil and shall endeavour to pull it out either whole or in pi●●●● and if he cannot get a good hold of it then he is to ty about the Chin of the Foal a large and strong Whip-cord and so pull it forth with as much Gentleness as possible Sometimes Foals come forth with their Feet foremost in that case you are to thrust them in again and with your hand endeavour to pull forth its head at least its nose thereby to facilitate the Mares delivery I had these remedies from an old Cavalies who practised them many times upon the Stud-Mares he had a charge of it depends upon your self to make use of them or not upon necessity he was an honest and itgenuous man and he also assured me that he had by this method preserved Mares from whom although having pull'd the dead Foals they yet did not fail afterwards to bring forth very good and beautiful ones You should about the end of May or beginning of June at which time there is commonly abundauce of Grass put your Mares into an Inclusure well Pallissado'd or enclosed with hedges or a stone Wall and which may be capable to feed them the whole time the Stallion is to be with them or that they are in Season in which Inclusure or Pasture all your Mares should be put together as well those which are Barren as others Then lead forth your Stallion having first taken off his hind feet shoes to prevent thereby his hurting the Mares when he kicks or stricks out b●● his Foreshoes must be kept on for the preservation of his Feet then cause him before you turn him loose amongst the Mares to cover one twice in hand to render him the more calm and Gentle after which take off his Bridle and let him go freely to the rest with whom he will become so Familiar and use them so kindly that they will at last make love to him so that not one of them will be hors'd but as they are in Season after he hath served them all he will try them again one by one and will only cover such as willingly receive him he knows very well when they desire no more his Company and when he hath perform'd his Work so that then he begins to beat at the Palissade that he may be gone at which time he is to be removed and your Mares put into a fresh inclosure These are the wise means Nature makes use of and I assure you that of twenty Mares there will not three fail whereas if you caused Cover them in hand the one half would not Hold There should be built in that inclosure wherein the Stallion runs with the Mares a little Lodge for to retire and preserve him from the scorching heats in which there should be also a Manger wherein you are to give him his Oats Pease split Beans Bread or what else he liketh best and he must be alwayes thus had a care of while he is with the Mares which will be about six or seven Weeks and there should be not only to take care of that but also to give you a particular account how your Mares are Hors'd a servant appointed to remain night and day with them for whom there should be built a little Hutt in the same Inclosure for him to lye in he is also to take care that no other horses come to them nor other Mares to your Stallion and to advertise you when any thing extraordinary happeneth but above all to take care to lead the Stallion in time of excessive heats or great sun-shine into the Lodge built

of his own accord then make use of your Punchion behind the Saddle which will at that inflant of time make him strick out and so prevent his rising before and using him thus for some time he will be so accustomed to it that he will not so much as offer to rise before at all let alone to come over or Renverse even although you should Gallop him in the Fields and without any kind of Longe or Rope fixed to the Bridle and all this in the space of eight or ten Dayes at farthest I have had experience of this Remedy for Renversing many a time and it never yet failed me so that after I have made use of it for eight or ten Dayes I make no difficultie to give them the Spurrs sharply if they need them and vet they never think of rising before when you have once brought him from rising before it is an easie matter to cure him of his stricking out so here you see is a Vice or Defence rectified in a very short time by its Contrary and without any kind of difficulty or danger to the Rider If I have not in this Chapter named all the Vices with their Remedies which the most part of cross natured Horses are subject to and defend themselves by when dressing it is because those Horses who are Rid according to the Method I have prescrived in this Treatise are not subject to them because they are not too much troubled and pressed for by this Method you follow Nature and make every thing become easie to them by degrees and do not force and press them either with the stroacks of the Spurrs or lashes of the Shambriet and as by practise they become supple and easie they press themselves of their own accord and aim at nothing else but to obey for it is a foolish thing to expect to make a Horse obedient and ready in eight or ten Daves time by the force of Blows because it is not Force as I have else where told you but good and methodical Lessons judiciously applyed which make and dress Horses and render them perfectly obedient to the hand and heel and if I be not very much mistaken you have in this Treatise as true and Artificial Ones for the Dressing and perfecting of Horses and also descrived with as few Repetitions as you will find in any Book as yet extant Therefore practise them with Patience and Judgement and I make no doubt when once you have a little tryal of them but you will acknowledge them notwithstanding of their being thus compendized preserable to the many and unnecessary Varietys of larger and more expensive Volums CHAP XXXV Of Running Horses and how to Dyet them for a Match ALthough I chiefly intended this Treatise of Horsemanship CHAP XXXV for directing how all Horses might be perfectly broak for the Mannage and also that the Divertisement of Raceing is no wayes comparable to this most Heroick exercise of Riding yet seeing Horse Matches are mightily esteemed in these Isles and that by persons of the most considerable Fortunes and greatest Quality I judged it would be very acceptable to a curious Reader to give him in this Chapter two methods of preparing running horses the first more modern which I have had Experience of my self and is I believe indeed one of the best which hath been as yet published and which I have taken as well as the preceeding discourse of Ambling from a Book in English Entituled The Experienced Farrier which to do the Author who collected it justice I must confess I look upon to be one of the best Books upon the Subject that I have ever seen in our Language The second is more Ancient but however finding it placed at the end of the French Coppie Of the Parfait Mareschal which Book I have taken the pains to translate I thought fit to remove it from that place and insert it here that so both Methods might be found and compared together and that of them made choice of which shall be found most agreeable to the Readers fancy although if he take my advice he shall keep him to the first and that for two reasons First Because the French are generally great Strangers to this kind of Divertisement And secondly Because the Method set down by Monsieur Solizel was given him only by another Esquier who received it from an English Jockie so never having made tryal of it himself he only giveth it upon the Recommendation of this Esquier from whom he received it now although it must be confessed that it differeth vastly from the manner of preparing Race horses used now a dayes yet seeing it is some what extraordinary and Ancient I thought fit to subjoin it to this other that whoever hath the curiosity may try either and then keep by that which be findeth most successful for I am perswaded he will find one of the two to answer his Expectation Therefore to begin with FIRST The Modern way of preparing a Horse for a Course or Match SEing Racing or Horse Matching is so highly esteemed by the Gentry of these Islands and that a good horse for that purpose is much lookt upon and coveted by those who delight in this short and fickle although it must be confessed during its continuance very pleasing Divertisement I shall in this Chapter endeavour to give you some insight in it and first in chusing a horse for Running see that he be tractable and no wayes Resty or Skittish but familiar with his Keeper and sprightfull in his Looks and Actions let him have also an indifferent large reach and a great share of beels if possible For take my word for it that is a chief ingredient in a Running horse Wind and Length being with a great dale of more ease increased by Art then heels and swiftness also let him if possible be altogether well shaped that is well set in the Shoulders well turned in the Buttock and Gascoyns and well Coupled in the short Ribs his Leggs right planted and to be sure let him have good feet for these are both the foundation and Wings of this Flying Machine upon earth his head small and slender with lean and firm Cheek bones a sharp or Hauk nose wide nostirls and a large Throple his Age not beneath six no horse under that Age having sufficient strength and vigour either to furnish a four mile course or heats without Running the hazard of being over strained all their Bones and Joints being only a kind of firm Gristle neither is this all for the main point of bringing him into a condition to run successfully is yet to be spoak to which consists in Dyeting and carefully ordering him before the day appointed for the Match and therefore I shall first discourse of the Limitation of time to be allowed for preparing a Running horse for any ordinary Plate or Match that is not for too extraordinary a summ because all Judicious Horsemen must acknowledge this for a truth

the Hole is an evident sign of the griev'd Part which being discover'd you must search the place to the bottom with the Horn of your Buttress then with your Renette search the Hole penetrating to the end of it where the Nail was rivetted on the Hoof if in the mean time you find that it does not pierce to the Quick nor causes any Pain thrust a Nail into the Hole and press the point of it on that side where the Vein lies and if you perceive that the Horse complains proceed to the application of convenient Remedies without any further tryal If the Horse does not complain when you search the Hole you may certainly conclude that he is not Prick'd in that place since you have examin'd the whole length of the Hole without finding any Matter and without occasioning the least Pain It happens not unfrequently that those Horses who have fleshy Feet slender Hoofs and weak or narrow Heels are always Lame when they are new Shod and sometimes to such a degree that they are hardly able to stand upright but they recover without the use of any Remedy And 't is to be observ'd that English Horses are usually most subject to this inconveniency Narrow-heel'd Horses are usually Lam'd if the Nails are riveted too high for tho' they be not Prick'd the Nails pierce too near the Quick and occasion a Pain that requires no other Cure but rest If a Nail be bow'd in a fleshy Foot it frequently makes the Horse halt tho' he be not Prick'd and if it be neglected too long 't will cause a Sore which must be cur'd as if the Horse were really Prick'd If the place be Imposthumated after you have procured the evacuation of the Matter inject boyling Oil with a little Sugar and stop the Hole with Cotton then tack on the Shooe with three or four Nails and stop the Foot with a Remolade which will draw the Heat into the Sole hinder the Matter from rising up to the Hair and take away the Pain Besides you must apply a black white or red Restringent Charge about the Foot keeping it from moisture and continue to dress it every Day till your Horse be sound The following Remedy is good for Pricking with a Nail As soon as you have open'd the Sore inject the Vulnerary Water cold stopping the Hole with Cotton the application must be renew'd the next Day which will compleat the Cure If you cannot procure the Vulnerary Water dress the Sore every Day with Unguentum Pompholygos and in few Days the Cure will be perfected If neither of these Medicines can be had take a sufficient quantity of Milfoil beat it and boil it with Vinegar in an Iron-Spoon or Ladle stirring it two or three times then pour the Vinegar very hot into the Hole made by the Nail and lay the Herbs upon it continuing after the same manner till it be heal'd I could make a very numerous Catalogue of Remedies for a Prick in a Horse's Foot but there are none more excellent than the Vulnerary Water Unguentum Pampholygos and Oil de Merveille which are known to be admirably effectual in this case Some Horses have their Heels so low that they knock 'em against the Ground as they go so that they halt down-right and in the mean time the Farrier searches about the Foot Pastern-Joint Shoulder and other Parts never imagining that the Lameness is occasion'd by a Bruise in the Frush If you perceive that the Frush trembles when you touch it and that there is Matter form'd underneath you may conclude the Seat of the Grief to be there in which case you must dress the Sore like a Wound made by a Nail and make the Remedies penetrate thro' the Heel between the Frash and Bone of the Foot applying proper Restringents of Lime and the Second Water or of Soot Vinegar and Whites of Eggs about the Frush The Knowledge of these Sores or Imposthumes is more difficult than the Cure All Vulnerary Herbs are good for Pricks in the beginning as Savin Vervain Birthwort Speedwell Agrimony Zedoary Adder's-Tongue Arsmart Ladies Bed-straw Dragons and several others which must be applied with Vinegar according to the Directions already prescrib'd in the use of Milfoil I thought fit to mention a considerable number of 'em that as soon as your Horse is Prick'd you may easily find one or other but those who know none of 'em must make use of proper Ointments In the beginning before the Wound be Impostumated you may with good Success observe this Method after the Hole is discover'd pour some Spirit of Vitriol into it stop it with Cotton and set on the Shooe if your Horse grow Lame again take off the Shooe dress his Foot with Spirit of Vitriol as before and in few Days he will be perfectly sound The Ointment of Pompbolix is also an excellent Remedy for Oxen that are hurt in the Feet with the Plow as sometimes it happens by the unskilfulness of the Plow-man in which case you must open the Sore wash it well with warm Wine melt some of the Ointment into it stop the Hole and continue after the same manner till the Cure be perfected CHAP. XCII Of Pricking with Stubs or Nails in the Streets IN great Cities the Streets are usually full of Nails which frequently Prick the Feet of Horses and therefore assoon as a Coach-man perceives his Horse begin to halt he ought immediately to alight and pluck out the Nail lest the Horse by continuing to tread upon the Stones drive it into the head as it happens very often Horses are also Prick'd with Stubs or Splinters of Wood which pierce the Sole and sometimes reach to the Bone of the Foot And both these Accidents are frequently the occasion of dangerous and stubborn Sores Assoon as you perceive that your Horse is Prick'd with a Nail or Stub you must pluck it out and if it be follow'd with Blood 't is a good sign If no Blood appear you may continue your Journey if your Horse does not halt but if he be Lame the safest way is to apply a present Remedy After the Nail or Stub is drawn forth melt some Spanish Wax and let it fall into the Hole to keep out Gravel or Dirt and thus you may without danger ride your Horse to some place where you may be able to procure convenient Remedies as the Vulnerary Water and Spirit of Vitriol which must be applied Cold or for want of those Unguentum Pompholygos I have often observ'd that the application of Spanish Wax has heal'd the Wound without any farther trouble but if your Horse continue to halt you must apply the above-mention'd Remedies or good Oil de Merveille or any other proper Ointment and stop the Hole with Cotton Apply also a good Remolade to the Sole and if the Wound be large a Restringent Charge about the Coffin-Bone at the Toe continuing to dress it after the same manner till it be heal'd If these Directions be

fall away I cur'd a Horse of a hurt in the Withers who was obstinately inclin'd to rub the Part and so industrious in finding out means to do it that we were oblig'd to tye him up in such a manner that he could not stir any part of his Body his Head and Tail were ty'd and besides he was hung up for the ease of his Legs but so low that his Feet touch'd the Ground Yet for all our Precautions he found a way to hinder the closing of the Wound by the motion of the Skin of his Neck so that if I had not ty'd his Head very low I cou'd never have perfected the Cure When the Wounds are fair and clean you must in the next place proceed to dry 'em with Powders and you will find those that are least Compound to be most effectual especially this Take a convenient quantity of old pitch'd Boat-Ropes dry 'em in a Furnace till they may be easily beaten to Powder in a Mortar strain it thro' a Hair-Sieve and having bath'd the Wound with the Second or the Yellow-Water strew this Powder upon it leaving the Wound untouch'd till the Scurfs caus'd by the Powder fall away after which renew the Application as before and continue after the same manner till the Wound be heal'd The surest way is to tye up the Horse in such a manner that he may neither be able to touch the Wound with his Tongue nor to rub or scratch it and even you may hang him up and in some cases keep him six Months in that Posture as I have oftentimes done washing their Legs every Day with cold Water In the beginning of great Hurts in the Withers the Matter that stagnates in the Part does frequently corrupt the Flesh that surrounds it and the Corruption slips in between the flat and broad Bone of the Shoulder and the Body as you may perceive by searching the Wound with your Probe In this case you must lay the whole Part bare and cut a Passage for the Matter and Corruption that none of it may be left at the bottom of the Sore and afterwards cure the Wound according to the ordinary Method And since the Shoulder-Blade can never be re-united to the Body so long as the Motion of the Shoulder keeps it separated you must Shackle the two Fore-Legs that the Horse may be kept constantly in one Posture dressing the Wound according to the above-mention'd Directions If you perceive a large Cavity make use of the Waters or Potions for Gun-shot Wounds describ'd in Chap. CX Syringing the Wound twice every Day and exhibiting the Cinnabar Pills inwardly to hasten the Cure CHAP. CVIII Powders to dry up a Wound TAke Honey and unslak'd Lime reduc'd to Powder and searc'd of each a Pound mix 'em and put 'em into a Pot over a moderate Fire stirring perpetually till they be throughly dry'd and as it were Calcin'd so that the Matter may be beaten and reduc'd to a fine Powder which will incarnate and dry up a clean and red Wound The only inconveniency of this Powder is that it draws Flies to the Part in the Summer nor will you find a more effectual Remedy among all that vast variety of Powders with which Books of this Nature are stuff'd if it be apply'd in a Season when there are no Flies Charcoal beaten old Shooes burn'd sifted Ashes Powder of Rosemary or Sage c. are also very proper Other Powders to dry up Wounds Those who live in a place where Aqua-Fortis is made may easily prepare a Powder to dry up Wounds and prevent the growth of Proud-Flesh for the Caput Mortuum that remains in the Retort after the distillation of Aqua-Fortis beaten to Powder and apply'd to the Wounds is more effectual than Burnt Allum Calcin'd Vitriol and other such like Powders The Distillers of Aqua-Fortis sell the Caput Mortuum at a very low rate for if they do not meet with a Customer they throw it away as useless so that you may have a Porter's Burthen of it for Ten Pence The distillation extracts only the most Spirituous and Volatil Parts of the Ingredients but the Fixt Salts remain in the Caput Mortuum and perform the effect requir'd in this case Aqua Fortis is distill'd from Vitriol or Bock-Allum and Salt-Peter and that which remains in the Retort after the first Method of Distillation is indu'd with the Virtues of Calcin'd Vitriol as that which remains after the second produces the effect of Burnt-Allum I am not ignorant that there are several other ways of distilling Aqua-Fortis but these are most usual and besides the Caput Mortuum is always proper in these cases whatever be the Ingredients or Method of the Distillation for example Sal Armoniac Sal Gemmae and Bole-Armenic are join'd to Salt-Peter in the distillation of those Waters that are known by the Name of Aqua-Regia and leave in the Retort a Sediment or Caput Mortuum which is very effectual for the drying of Wounds and hindering the growth of Proud-Flesh if they be reduc'd to Powder and apply'd to the Part. This Advice is particularly directed to Farriers who use a great quantity of these sorts of Powders Before all other drying Powders I prefer those that are made of the Caput Mortuum remaining in the Retort after the distillation of Spirit of Vitriol because there is always some Bole-Armenic mixt with the Vitriol to prevent its melting in the Retort since it would not yield any Spirit if it were in a state of Fusion And the Bole mixt with the Calcin'd Vitriol which is endu'd with a certain Balsamic Quality makes a Composition that hinders the falling down of any Defluxion upon the Part and dries the Wound very effectually and speedily Borax in fine Powder is an excellent Remedy to dry up Wounds and hinder the growth of Proud-Flesh Arsmart or Water-Pepper dry'd and beaten to Powder dries up Wounds and even if it be stamp'd while 't is green and put between the Wound and the Saddle it cures a small Hurt Another Powder to dry up Wounds The drying up of Wounds is so much the more necessary because the best Ointments keep the Parts moist and are apt to breed Matter Supposing for example that you have dress'd a Quitter-bone so long till there remains no bottom in the Sore that is till you can discover no cavity with your Probe the Matter at the same time ceasing to run you may conclude that 't is time to apply Powders especially if you ride your Horse The following Powder is excellent in such Cases for it sticks so fast that a Horse cannot possibly shift it off by any Motion besides it raises a Scurf on the Sore that prevents the Corruption of the Flesh and after the Scurf is fall'n you will find the Sore all over Cicatriz'd Renew the Application of the Powder continuing after the same manner and the Sore will be sooner Cured by this Method than any other whatsoever The Powder is thus prepar'd Take a sufficient

these Humours is more subtil and penetrating the Nerves obstructs their Motion and occasions Pain whereas the Humour from whence this Distemper proceeds takes its Course thro' ways unknown to us without causing those Disturbances that are observ'd in the other Case And perhaps I may venture to say that the Cause is the same tho' the Effects be different according to the various degrees of the Acrimony of the Salt of which these Spirits are full In order to the Cure of this Distemper you must endeavour by all means to strengthen the Sole about the Toe for Nature may perhaps in time dissolve the Crescent And to assist her in the Execution of that Work 't will be convenient to pour a sufficient quantity of the finest Oil of Bay into the Foot without paring it or cutting the Sole after which you must stop the Foot with Flax and lay Splents over all At the same time anoint the Cronet especially about the Toe with the same Oil covering it with Flax and a convenient Bandage Note That the Oil must be apply'd cold to the Cronet and pour'd boiling-hot into the Foot After you have contiunu'd for some time in the Use of this Method without any considerable Sign of Amendment if the the Horse be still very lean you must take out the Sole and if you find the point of the Bone of the Foot separated from the Hoof with an empty Space between 'em you must burn all that part of the Bone that seems to be separated both above and below to hasten its falling away Then apply Aegyptiacum to the burnt Bone and charge the whole Sole with a Mixture of Turpentine Honey and Tarr melted together Continue to dress the Bone with Aegyptiacum or Schmit's Ointment till it fall out after which dress the part of the Bone from which the Piece that fell away was separated with Monsieur Curty's Ointment apply'd cold or only with Flax dipt in Brandy renewing the Application every two Days which will make the Flesh grow again and cover the Bone After which the Sole will grow again also To promote the Growth of the Sole and make it firm and vigorous you may observe the Directions in the LXXXIXth Chapter Concerning the Method of taking out the Sole Assoon as you perceive that the Sole is grown strong you may begin to walk your Horse on soft Ground and by degrees accustom him to travel If by looking into the Foot you perceive that the Crescent is not great and have reason to conclude that the Disease is not very dangerous you ought not to take out the Sole without Necessity but rather endeavour to strengthen it by pouring boiling Oil of Bay into the Foot as I order'd before and continuing after the same manner till the Cure be compleated This may be justly reckon'd a dangerous Distemper the Cure is long and difficult and very frequently the Horse continues lame for the space of a Year and longer Several Farriers confound this Infirmity with Surbating and other Diseases in the Feet But the Easiness of the Cure in these Cases ought to convince 'em of their Errour The END of the FIRST PART A TABLE OF THE DISEASES A. ANticor page 212 Appetite lost 8 12 Arrests 287 Attaint 109 B. BAck swoll'n or hurt 173 Sway'd 261 Barbs 6 Biting of a mad Dog 179. Of a venomous Beast 181 Bleeding 54 167 Bleymes 153 Bones broken 85 Bots. 257 Breath short 181 Burstenness 266 C. Chest-Foundering 197 Chops 289 Clefts ibid. Cods swoll'n 265 Cold 22. with a Cough 23. with a Beating in the Flank 24 Colic 59. First Kind 60. Second 62. Third 64. Fourth 66. Fifth 69. Sixth 74 Cough 192 195 Cramp 277 Crepances 297 Cronet swoll'n 150 Crown-Scab 155 Curb 283 D. DIseases of Horses in general 1 Biting of a mad Dog 179 E. EYes their Diseases 42. Rheums 44. Blows or Stroaks 46. White Films 48. Lunatic or Moon-Eyes 49. Haw 51 F. FArcin 224 227 229 230 231 234 235 236 237 238. How to fatten a Horse 209 Feet surbated Feet 125. decay'd and wasted 158 Fevers 216. Simple 217 219. Putrid 217 220. Pestilential 217 221. Causes and Signs 218 Fiery-Evil 39 Figs. 134 Fire how to give 283 Flanks 185 186 Flux 268 270 Foundering 247. In the Feet 252 Fret see Colic Frush scabbed 154. Fleshy Excrescencies 156 Fundament fall'n down 271 G. GAngrene 166 Glanders 28 31 33 35 Gripes see Colic H. HAemorrhagy 54 Hair falling off 242 Halter-cast 296 Head its Diseases 37 38 40 Heels narrow 130. scabbed 154 Hide-bound 207 Hips strain'd 78. Hipshot 263 Hoof-cast 151 Houghs strain'd hurt or swoll'n 272 Hough bony 277 Hungry-Evil 297 I. JArdon 280 Impostume in the Feet 149 Itch. 253 Blood-running Itch. 241 K. KErnels to ripen 22 To dissolve 32 L. LAmpas 6 Lask or Looseness 268 Leanness 207 Legs broken 85. Stiff tyr'd decay'd 86 106. Swell'd gourdy 87 89. Old Swellings 91. Stiff and tyr'd 93. Spoil'd by travelling 94. Sores and Swellings in the Legs 287 291 Lungs obstructed 199 M. MAdness 179 Malenders 95 Mange 157 242 253. In the Tail 257 Molten Grease 243 Morfounding 22 Mules 288 N. NUmness of the Hoof. 298 O. OVer-Reach 109 P. PAins 289 Palpitation of the Heart 214 Palsie in Jaw 56 Pastern-Joint strain'd or dislocated 103. Swell'd or gourded 107 Hurt or wounded 177 Pissing of Blood 72 Pricks in the Foot 137 139 Pursiveness 181 185 187 189 190 Q. QUarter false 127 Quitter-Bone 116 118 R. RAt-Tails 287 Retreats 137 Rheum 22 Ring-Bone 121 Rupture 266 S. SCab 253 Scratches 110. Simple ibid. Sinewy 111 Selenders 95 Shoulder-wrench Shoulder-pight or Shoulder-splait 76. Strain'd or hurt 77 78 80 83 Signs of Sickness in Horses 5 Sinew-sprain 106. Relax'd or strain'd 273 275. Sole to take out 131 Spanish Evil. 40 Blood-Spavin 282 Bone-Spavin 281 Splents 95 98 Stag's Evil. 56 Stavers 75 Stones drawn into the Body 73. Swoll'n 265. Bruis'd or hard 266 Strangles 15 19 False Strangles 20 String-halt 281 Stubs in the Foot 137 139 Surbating 125 T. TIck 6 Truncheons 257 U. VEin to take up 294 Vives 57 Urine to provoke 68. To stop 71 W. WArts 288 289 Wind short or broken 181 Wind-Galls 98 100 278 Withers wrung or hurt 167 Wolves Teeth 7 Worms 67 257 259 Wounds 159 Y. YEllows 37 AN INDEX OF THE PRINCIPAL REMEDIES Describ'd in this PART A. ALoes prepar'd 53 Golden Sulphur of Antimony 208 Arman for a sick Horse 10 B. BUrning Balsam 16 Chewing-Balls 11 Cordial-Balls 25 Green Balsam 146 Basilicum 148 C. CAtholicum for Clysters 224 Liquid Caustic 114 Perpetual Caustic 292 Clysters 24 55 59 63 69 204 215 216 219 221 269 270. Crocus Metallorum 202 Crystal Mineral 241 D. DEcoction of China 236 Decoction of Guaiacum ibid. Lieutenant's Decoction 201 Decoction of Sarsaparilla 237 E. FLectuary of Kermes 17 Emetic Wine 36 Essence of Vipers 61 Eye-Waters 44 45 F. FEbrifuge 220 H. HOney-Charge Red. 81 White Honey-Charge 293 L. LApis Infernalis 292 Lapis Mirabilis 47 Lime-Water 165 M. MErcurius dulcis 233 O. OIl for Clysters 63 Oil of Gabian 145 Oil of Lead 50 Oil de Merveille 145 Purging Oil. 65 Oil of Rue 213 Ointment Aegyptiacum 163 Ointment Baron's 78 Ointment Bartholomew ' s. 148 Ointment Basilicum 16 Ointment of Beetles 98 Ointment Coachman 's 291 Ointment Connestable ' s. 124 Ointment Countess's 150 Ointment Curtis ' s. 147 Ointment Doctor 's 118 Ointment Duke's 90 Ointment Hermit's 165 Ointment Hunter's 175 Ointment Mercurial 294 Ointment of Montpelier 78 Ointment of Naples 231 Ointment Neat-herd's 256 Duke of Newburg 's Ointment 278 Nerve-Ointment 106 Ointment of Oldenburg 291 Ointment Oppodeldoc 83 Ointment of Plantane 124 Ointment of Portugal 230 Schimt 's Ointment 152 Ointment Sicar ' s. 147 Ointment of Worms 99 Orvietan 60 P. PIlls for the Stomach 12 Cinnabar Pills 162 English Pills 197 Stinking Pills 245 Treacle Pills 25 Yellow Pills 190 Plaister of Walnuts 108 Angelic Powder 189 Uuniversal Cordial Powder 24 Cordial Powders 27 Powder for a Cough 193 German Ptisan 235 Purging Medicines 41 52 65 67 213 254 259. R. REmolade of Bohemia 104 Retoirs 102 Rue-water 50 S. SAl Polychrest 205 Sal Prunellae 241 Scammony prepar'd 42 Second Water Sublimate 233 T. TIncture of Sulphur 191 Treacle Diatessaron 72 U. VUlnerary Water 170 Vulnerary Potions 175 Y. YEllow Water 165 FINIS