that it has no Testimony or Foundation in Scripture or Apostolical Tradition or even in the History of the Primitive Church for several Ages It is certain and granted that Urban the fourth Pope of Rome introduc'd it about the Year of our Lord 1260â— And his Pretence for so doing was that it had been reveal'd to some Perâ—ons that such a â—estâ—val should be 〈◊〉 and generally observ'd which is the 〈◊〉 Pretence for many of the absurd â—â—â—vorious of the Roman Church He does not say this was reveal'd to him but certainly if Jesus Christ had intended that such a thing should be establish'd and conform'd to by his whole Church he would have reveal'd his Will in this matter rather to the Pope himself immediately than to any one else if indeed Jesus Christ did himself own the Bishop of Rome for his Vicar on Earth and the visible Head and infallible Guide of his Church here It is another just Prejudice against this Festival that it confirms and countenances the maiming of tâ—is Blessed Sacrament in the Church of Rome They pretend on this Occasion to produce and show and to Venerate and Honour the most Holy Sacrament when all they do regards only one Element of it the Bread It is another just Prejudice against this Festival that it diverts the Sacrament from its true Use and the Purpose which it was by Jesus Christ instituted and appointed for and proposes That to be seen only and worshipped and honour'd with Lights in a Procession which was ordain'd to be reverently and devoutly receiv'd As for the Adoration of this part of the Adoration of the Hâ—stie Holy Sacrament as they of the Church of Rome teach and practice this it cannâ—â— possibly be excus'd from the Guilt of â—orrid Idolatry They say the very Sacrament is to be worshipped all that which our Saviour instituted to be receiv'd and that it ought to have paid to it the very Adoration and Worship which is due to God himself They urge indeed for this the Adorations which were paid to our Saviour when he was on Earth and say that he is personally present in the Hostie with his Body and Blood and therefore ought to be ador'd there But without disputing the manner of our Saviour's Presence in that Sacrament which is certainly inexplicable we may say that those who ador'd our Saviour on Earth did not adore his Cloaths too but only his excellent Person as he was Son of God But here they enjoin the Adoration of the Species or Appearance of the Bread which they must allow at least to remain and which is according their Explication of the matter to his Body in the Sacrament what his Cloaths were to it on Earth that is the Covering of it Yea moreover we will venture to say they adore the Elements themselves of Bread and Wine because of his Presence with them 'T is true they pretend that the Substances of these vanish upon Consecration and are there no more but as matter of Fact has often confuted this in the Corruption of the Wafers when they are kept too long so they seem to confess the Falshood of it in the Rules of the Pastoral Where they say 't is necessary to keep the Eucharist in the Sacristy for the Communion of the Sick but least the Species should be corrupted if kept long the Priest is commanded to take out the old Hosties often and to put in new ones This he can well enough do by eating himself or giving to those that receive the old ones which were consecrated formerly and by putting in their Places those which at that Mass he consecrates anew Now this Corruption which they take this Care to prevent is what indeed the Substances of Bread and Wine may be liable to but the immortal Body of our Blessed Saviour cannot be so therefore we certainly have not that here in the stead and place of the Substances of the Bread and Wine Besides the Holy Scripture teaches us that these remain after Consecration and that 't is still Bread and Wine which are taken eaâ—en and drank in the Participation of this Sacrament They worship therefore most certainly these very Creatures of Bread and Wine with Divine Worship in adoring the Holy Sacrament We do justly own that our Saviour Christ who is God as well as Man is to be worshipped as present in the receiving of this Sacrament and accordingly we do then worship him But we must understand that the Promise of his Presence in and with this Sacramentâ— relates and is consin'd to that Use of it which he has appointed it for and if any will presume to put it to any other Use than that they cannot from any Word of his promise themselves his Presence with it But they require and encourage the Adoration of the Bread out of the Sacramental and Appointed Use of it in the Streets and where they do not pretend to receive it Their Processions are as they say of several Processions Sorts some of them are for Thanksgiving to God or the Saints for Favours receiv'd some are of Penitence and to avert the Calamities which they are under or do fear They carry the Images of the Saints and sometimes their Relicks in these to honour the Saints I have seen though not at this time here that on this Day there have been fine Altars set up in the Streets where the Procession was to be and there when the Hostie came to the Place it was set up and he that carried it perform'd some Devotions all the People who attended the Procession being the while fallen on their Knees in the Street When they go in Penitence they say they do this to make some Satisfaction for their Crimes and to pray to God for his Mercy and Forgiveness in the Company of the Saints whose Images they carry that they may be assisted by their Prayers also and so be the more likely to succeed 'T is well confess'd It seems then by this Explication of the matter they reckon they have the Company of the Saints when they have the Presence of their Images they judge them in a manner link'd together This was the very Opinion which the Heathens had of their Images and the Foundation of the Veneration which they paid to and of the Use which they made of them Indeed this Pomp of Processions and carrying the Images of the Saints is an old Heathenish detestable Rite reviv'd in the Church of Rome The Custom and Name of these things are taken from the Heathen Romans The Emperors when they went to any publick Devotion were said to go in Procession and they were attended with a pompous Train Dis Choul honestly gives the following Account of the Heathen Processions and makes them parallel to the Popish ones It was the Office of the Priest says he to make Supplications which we call Processions that they might give Thanks to their Demons for a Victory gain'd and sometimes that they might avert
done in Honour of this Saint and to obtain his Intercession and the People are encourag'd by the Pope himself to attend these Devotions by a Plenary Indulgence Is this to be parallel'd then with our desiring our Friends on Earth to pray for us Has the Saint so little Charity and is he so backward to intercede that without all this ado he will not open his Mouth for them This is much that is to be done on this Occasion and yet is little to what is done to the Virgin Mary who has a great many Festivals in a Year and they attended with whole Octaves on which particular and extraordinary Devotions are paid to her The true meaning of all is plainly this Mankind has been always taught and have believ'd the necessity of a Mediator and that a Divine Person must be our Mediator and Divine Honours are due and may be paid to whomsoever is so since this appears in the whole Theology of the Heathens and is so agreeable to the Truths which are taught us in the Gospel we have reason to believe they deriv'd this Knowledge from the Fathers of the World by Tradition to whom it had been reveal'd by God himself But the Heathens having only Tradition to guide them corrupted this Doctrine by bringing in a Multitude of Mediators whereas the Gospel according to the truth of the matter teaches us that there is but one Mediator between God and Man and that is Christ Jesus This Corruption is reviv'd in the Church of Rome who has many Mediators and adores them all and pays them Divine Honours as the Heathens did More of this we shall see in the following Relation Over the high Altar in this Church of St. James in the Quire is a very costly large and beautiful piece of Architecture all of Marble The Pillars on the sides are some of them white Marble some black the white wreath'd theblack smooth and strait and they are intermix'd with curious Art the whole is certainly a Work very admirable Instead of a Picture for an Altar-piece there is an Image of St. James bigger than the common Size of Men which is of white Marble He is represented as looking upwards and pointing downwards to the People below Over his Head in the Arch of the Marble-work about him and towards which he directs his Face there is carv'd the impious and idolatrous Representation of the holy Trinity which is very common in the Churches of the Roman Communion There is Image of the Holy Trinity the Figure of an Old Man sitting in the Clouds with a Triple Crown on his Head and of a Young Man by him holding a Cross with one Hand and between them both is a Pidgeon hovering with his Wings spread and Rays about him I do not doubt but it is lawful to represent the humane Body of Jesus Christ our blessed Saviour in any of the Circumstances of his Life or Death on Earth either by Pictures or by Images But certainly as it is the Glory of the Divine Nature to be invisible in it self so it ought not to be represented by any visible thing God himself adds an express Prohibition of making any visible Representation of himself as an Explication of the second Commandment And the Apostle Paul judges it an impious profanation to do so and calls it a Changing the Glory of the invisible God into the meanness of that thing which the Image made to represent him does more truly represent He says therefore of the Heathens Rom. 1. that while they made the Images of of Men or Birds c. to represent the Deity by they chang'd the Glory of God into an Image made like to corruptible Man and to Birds c. What does the practice of the Church of Rome in this case differ from theirs 'T is true the Gospel tells us when Jesus was baptized and came out of the Water the Spirit of God did with a visible Representation descend upon him whereby the Man Jesus became the Christ of God A visible Glory descended like the hovering of a Dove and lighted upon him to be a sensible Token and Demonstration to the Spectators that he was anointed by the Holy Ghost and was to be reckon'd by them the true Messiah or Christ But this does not at all allow or conclude for the representing the holy infinite Spirit himself by a Pidgeon The Shechinah or Pillar of a Glory in the Wilderness was a Token of God's special presence among the people of Israel there but was not a fit Representation of the infinitely glorious God himself nor was it design'd to be so but only for a sensible Token and Assurance of a peculiar divine presence The Church of Rome when press'd with things of this Nature endeavours to evade the Argument by blaming the Liberty of Carvers and Painters but there is no room at all to do it in this case For this is a thing done by publick Allowance and encourag'd by the Authority of the Church as we shall be convinc'd in the Sequel of this Relation At present I shall add to this purpose what is further to be observ'd in this same Church In the passage round the Quire on the outside where are several very neat Chapels to particular Saints enclos'd with partitions of Marble Pillars or Rails there is set up against the Wall in a Frame a printed Representation of the holy Trinity contriv'd after the same manner with the former and under it there is printed in Dutch this Grant Whosoever shall say here Five Pater Nosters and Five Ave-Marys shall enjoy Forty Days Indulgence this granted by the Bishop of Antwerp The Quire is part of it compass'd with beautiful Marble-pillars there is a great deal of good Painting and abundance of Marble about the whole Church In this Church by the entrance of the North Door on the Left-hand is a large Chappel which they call The Chappel of the Dead The Altar-piece represents our Saviour as dead and taking down from the Cross and lying in the Lap of the Virgin Mary who sits in a very sorrowful posture contemplating upon the matter On the out-side of the partition upon a pillar there hangs in a Frame written in Dutch a new Grant in Favour of this Chapel It signifies That all those of the Brotherhood of the Dead who shall come to hear Mass in this Chapel and any Priest that shall say Mass here on all Mondays of the Year and on every All-Souls Day or any of the Days of the Octave the privilege of Redeeming one Soul out of Purgatory And this is said to be granted by Innocent XII the present Pope out of the Treasury of the Church and is to continue in force for Seven Years They may perhaps by that time get Money enough to renew and continue the Lease The Fraternity or Brotherhood of the Dead are a company of people that write their Names in a Book whereby they are admitted into the Society this is commonly
been in continual contention in the Country of Tholouse with those wicked People the Albigensian Hereticks who always abhorr'd and refus'd to receive the Corruptions of the Roman Church as well by preaching disputing and writing of Books as by wonderful Signs and Miracles and now three years and more time was past in great Trouble and Labour but with little Profit The H. Man not being able any longer to endure the great Obstinacy of these Hereticks together with their impious and detestable Blasphemy as 't is call'd against the most immaculate Virgin Mary at length he left them and retir'd to a Cave in a Wilderness not far from thence and there with many Sighs and Tears he applied himself for Aid to the Queen of Heaven most earnestly imploring her Assistance it being her peculiar Work to tread under foot the Head of the cursed Serpent and to destroy and bring to nought all new Sects and Heresies Pretty well here we have ascrib'd to the Virgin in Words what one shall often see in Pictures that is the Victory over the Devil foretold from the beginning of the World and applied by all the primitive Church to Jesus Christ as being meant of him our great and only Redeemer Continuing thus in Prayer and chastening his Body for three days together with Fastings at last the holy mother of God reveal'd her self to him now lying very weak and fainting under the Blows of Iron Chains and to him she said My Son Dominick because you have very faithfully strove against the Enemies of me and of the Truth I whom you have call'd to am ready to give you my Assistance She had not sooner said this but behold three Maids appear'd of most wonderful Beauty who having rais'd up Dominick from lying flat upon the Earth they set him before Mary she then most lovingly embrac'd and kiss'd him and making bare her Virgin Breasts she gave him suck poor Fool thus comforting his sinking thirsty Heart with this most delicious Draught Then she spoke to him again saying My faithful Friend Dominick know you not what Instruments God hath been wont to make use of when he would reform and renew the World Upon which he made answer Oh gracious Mother you know that better than I do for the World through you hath obtain'd its Salvation through you is the beginning of all our Redemption and Renovation Mary then smiling upon him a foolish Coquette indeed would be likely to do so when she had been prodigiously flatter'd and a fond Admirer had ascrib'd to her what were infinitely above her Merits she said God that he might take away all Wickedness hath chosen no other Instrument but only the Angelick Psalter the which is the Foundation of the whole New Testament If therefore you design ever to do any good with your Preaching do you recommend and preach up my Psalter and in a little time this evil shall come to an end After this Mary proceeded largely to explain and show the manner how to read the Psalter or her Rosary relating also to him the Excellency of the same and the Profitableness of it with the Virtue and wonderous Power of it In fine she gave Dominick a Charge that he should strait-way repair to Tholouse and there press and urge the same admonishing him to be of good Courage But the Holy Man foreseeing great difficulty for by reason of the Rage of Heresie he saw no means to fulfill this Charge he fell again at the feet of Mary and answer'd thus Oh most Dear Mother You know how obstinate and stiff-necked this People are How can it be that they should suffer me to preach before them You know how many and subtle designs they contrive against me How is it possible that I should discharge my self of this task and preach to them your Rosary Upon which Mary said Do not trouble your self for this but go boldly into the City of Tholouse and commit the rest to me I will certainly cause that great numbers of People shall come to hear your Sermons and whether they be pleas'd or displeas'd they shall be forc'd to hear you Which when she had said Mary vanish'd The Holy Father Dominick went strait way to Tholouse when he came thither all the Bells of the City began to ring of themselves the People hereupon in Multitudes ran to the Church and found there Dominick who was ready for them mounted into the Pulpit With wondrous Earnestness and Zeal he begins to hold forth to them the Praises and Excellencies of the H. Rosary The Hereticks immediately set themselves to oppose him some began to go out of the Church others to cry out and make a Tumult When behold on a sudden there arose so terrible a Storm with Wind and Thunder and Lightning and the Sky grew so dismal dark and to all this there was added such a mighty Earthquake that one would have thought the whole World were falling to Ruine Upon this no Person durst venture himself out of the Church for they might be sure that if the World should fall to Ruines the Church would not come upon their Heads Dominick however went on vigorously with his Sermon when behold there were heard in the Air the hideous howlings of Infernal Spirits shrieking and crying out Wo Wo be to us for we through the power of the H. Rosary are by the Angels bound in red hot Chains and thrown down to the depth of Hell Neither was this all for there was seen by all Persons notwithstanding the darkness a wooden Image of Mary standing on high which reach'd out the Arm and threatned them with the Finger as if she would have said If it be so that ye will not hear this my Servant nor will be brought to Reverence my Rosary which he holds forth you are all of you undone ye shall utterly perish Through these terrible Menaces and evident Miracles the hardned Hearts of the People of Tholouse coming to Repentance they entreated the H. Man that he would intercede with the Holy Virgin Mary for them And strait-way throwing themselves all together upon the Ground and wringing their Hands they besought the Favour of God and Mary with Sighs and Tears that cannot be express'd Mary then gave ear to their Prayer and did immediately for a Token of her Mercy draw to her self again her threatning Arm so as that every one there present could see it done And at the self same time did all the stormy and tempestuous Weather cease and turn into a Calm Upon this did the Holy Dominick proceed in his Discourse with greater Zeal than before and heâ—d forth mightily concerning the Excellency of the H. Rosary the profitableness of the same the power of it and the manner of Reading it A very pretty Story this for the Chimney-corner and a Winters Night with Ale and Apples and extreamly credible for all these mighty matters of Fact were forgotten and the Devotion of the Rosary fallen again under neglect when a good
he is here There are two distinct Burgomasters in the City and other Magistrates to govern the distinct People but in common concerns of the City they meet and join together in determining matters The Duke of Brabant was notwithstanding this Sate of the City reckon'd the chief Soveraign of it and at present the States General seem to have the greatest power here There was now a great Garrison in the Town consisting of Ten Thousand Men which we were told were all in the States pay They then by consequence have the Command of the Gates the Fortifications and the Amunition This City is extreamly well fortified besides a strong Wall and a broad deep Ditch there are several Bastions round it which are well planted with Cannon there are also many strong out-works with cover'd ways to them and all these are provided of Mines ready made There is an Hill on the South East side of the Town which lies somewhat near and within reach to annoy it considerably but against that they have rais'd a Bastion there to a great height which is a good defence to the Town and this is within the Walls This is altogether a fine City the buildings are good after the common manner of these Countries and really all things look in a thriving flourishing Condition the Streets are generally very broad The chief Church in the City is dedicated to Popish Churches St. Servatius the Bishop before mention'd It is now possess'd and used by the Papists The peice of Painting over the high Altar represents him with the marks of a Bishop It is a Collegiate Church as it was and formerly the Duke of Brabant now the King of Spain as Duke of Brabant is one of the Chanoines There is by it a large Cloyster which goes round a good piece of ground for a Garden but it is now neglected This St. Servaâ— as the Vulgar language calls him died they say in the Year 395 and after him the Episcopal See continued here to the time of St. Lamberi who made the 20th in Succession from St. Servaes but he did not fix here but remov'd the See to Leige upon what occasion he did this will be said when we come to Leige There is besides this a Church dedicated to St. Nicholas in Possession of the Papists They have also a large Church dedicated to the Virgin Mary Over the great door of this Church stand 3 large Images one represents an old Man next to him at his right Hand stands a Woman at her right Hand is a young Man the two Men are made holding a Crown in their Hands as putting it upon the Head of the Woman 't is well enough known what they of the Church of Rome mean by such a Representation but ought not to be mention'd without the utmost detestation and Horrour Within the Church are Altars and Images as usual There is one Altar to St. Roch by which stands a strong Box lockt with a hole to put in Money by and by it is an Inscription which says Give here your Charity to St. Roch or honour him with your Charity that God may divert from us the Pestilence For this Sain talso is address'd to by the Roman Church as a Friend at need against the Plague Story says of him that he heal'd several People sick of the Plague in Italy by making the sign of the Cross over them and they say Heaven show'd that his Intercession should be a remedy against that distemper by this evident token to wit that he himself at last died of the Plague I think a Man must have Roman Spectacles to see the Evidence of this There are several Convents of Friers and Nuns in this City The Jesuits have a College Convents here We saw their Chappel which was but mean The High Altar is dedicated to Xaverius who is there said to have been Apostle of the Indies and Martyr At the East end of the Isle on the right side of the high Altar is an Altar to the Virgin Mary there are about the Church a few Pictures of the Saints of their Order I doubt if there were to be the Pictures of none but true Saints they would be yet fewer but it must be confess'd the Gallows and the Scaffold between them have made a pretty many Saints of that Order such as they were and yet most People believe not so many by far as they should have done Here is also a House of Capucines which has yeilded lately tho' unwillingly a considerable man to the Reformation M. Loefs a Convere of the Reformation He was one of the best Preachers that the Papists had in this City had long been dissatisfied with many things in the Roman Church travell'd into France Spain and Italy to see if he could meet with any thing that might reasonably confirm him in his Religion instead of that he saw every where abundant evidence of the monstrous corruption of the Church of Rome he found it almost every where much worse than in this his own Country and saw more reason still to leave it He return'd to Maestricht with this resolution and took his opportunity to put himself under the protection of the States General who have receiv'd him into their protection and allow him a Pension He has printed a good Book which is a comparison of the Beliefs of the Roman and Reform'd Churches His name is Michael Lâ—efs The Dominicans have also a Convent here we saw their Chappel which was the finest that we saw in this City but had nothing in it particular or worth taking notice of The Calvinist Religion is that which the Calvinists States â—stablish and encourage here and that which their Magistrates profess They have in pay here 6 or 8 of their Ministers but they have but two Churches which are call'd by the Names of St. Martins and St. Johns this latter we fell into it is not a large Church it was Reform'd after the Calvinist modell One sees there a Pulpit to Preach in and a great many seats for People to sit on and hear but no conveniency to kneel and pray nor any provision for the Celebrating of the Lord's Supper or Baptism The truth is this part of the Reformation have generally brought all the business of Publick Worship almost to only the Ministers exercising his Gifts and Parts in Prayer or Preaching Indeed all of them beyond Sea have composed Forms for publick Prayer before and after Sermon and for administration of Sacraments and condemn such of our Dissenters who will have this unlawful There is also here a Church and Congregation of Protestants as they call the Lutherans in all Protestants these Countries and in Germany as distinct from the Calvinists who call themselves Reform'd The Hill before mention'd on the South-East Quarries side of this City yeilds a very pleasant prospect to it in time of Peace and when they expect no mischief from thence It is all cover'd with
which they say burnt down Four thousand Houses It burnt down almost all the inner City and the greatest part of the outer But this Mischief is now perfectly recover'd the Water they say repairing the Harms of the Fire and indeed they have such Plenty of Water in this City that with good and orderly Management they might easily prevent its receiving much Harm by Fire There are many plentiful Springs of fresh and very good Water in the Town besides those which are hot and medicinal they feed several Publick Fountains which continually run wast The Water runs from some of them at ten or twelve feet high from the Ground from thence it falls into a great Stone Trough or Cistern and from thence is receiv'd for use by the Citizens The â—â—ot Baths here are of great Repute and bring great Gain to the City The Concourse oâ— People was very great at this time insomuch that we spent a great deal of time to get a Lodging and were forced to take up with a very indifferent one at last There were People here from Portugal and from England to use these Waters Charlemaigne made this City the Seat of his Empire on this side the Alps and by an old Custom the Emperors of Germany have been wont to be crown'd here It continued down to the Emperor Ferdinand the Brother of Charles the Fifth who was crowned King of the Romans in this City in the Year 1531 and was afterwards Emperor upon the Resignation of Charles the Fifth But this Custom has been of late relinquish'd and the present Emperor was crown'd at Frankfort the Place where according to Rule the Emperours are elected Charlemaigne spent good part of his Life here and at last died in this City in the Year of our Lord 814 and was buried in the Church which he built after he had liv'd 72 Years and reigned 47. After his Times in the Pragmatick Sanction this is call'd a Royal City and Imperial and Head of all the Provinces and Cities of the Teutonick or German Empire 'T is so call'd again in the time of Frederick the Second by some Charter of his dated January 1166. It has been a free City and govern'd by Magistrates and a Senate within themselves When it was deserted and neglected by the Emperors it was glad of the Favour and Countenance of its nearest and strongest Neighbours and some time it was under the Protection of the Duke of Juliers afterwards it came to own the Duke of Brebant for its Protector It was taken by the Marquis Spinola in the Year 1614 and from that time it seems to have been in some measure subject to the King of Spain For as we were told he receives a Revenue from this City and its Territory yearly which having been pawn'd to the States General together with many others for Money lent during the War they were said to raise here upon that score about 90000 Florins per An. This City is situate in a Valley but at one side of it so that part of the City runs up a good way on the side of a neighbouring Hill From the Wall on that side one has a wide and pleasant Prospect all over the City and a large neighbouring Valley to the Hills which bound that and our sight It looks very pleasantly by virtue of the Mixture of Trees with the Houses and of Orchards and Gardens especially towards the out-side of the outermost City There are within the City besides the hot Mineral Waters some cold Springs of Medicinal Water but these are now of little or no use especially since the drinking of the warm Water is come in Fashion The Streets are generally broad and airy The great Market-Place is very large bigger than what we had seen in some bigger Cities Upon this stands the Town-House a stately handsome Building and which looks great enough to become so Famous a City 'T is built of Stone and is observable at a distance by two high Towers which stand up at the two ends of the Front The Citizens built this House at their own Charge about the Year 1353. In the middle of the Great Market-place before it stands a Noble Fountain which was erected in the Year 1620. From a height of 14 or 15 feet or perhaps more there are 4 good Spouts of Water which continually run into a great brass Bason of 10 feet in Diameter and about 30 in Circumference it is said to contain in it 12000 Pounds of Brass From this Bason the Water descends again by six Channels into a large Stone Receptacle from whence it is convey'd in Pipes under Ground to the Houses of particular Citizens The whole Fountain is encompass'd by a tall strong iron Rail At the top of the Fountain stands an Effigies of Charlemaigne bigger than the Life in Brass He is arm'd Cap-a-pe has an Imperial Crown on his Head a Scepter in his Right Hand and a Globe in his Left his Face is set Eastward as looking towards Germany About the Pedestal which he stands on is this Inscription in Latin S. Carolus Magnus Patronus Restaurator hujus Urbis He it seems is reputed by the Papists the Patron or Protectour of this City The Hills within the adjoining Territory of this City are plentifully stor'd with Minerals Towards the Eastern Bounds which border upon the Dutchy of Juliers and the Brass Abbacy of Cornelis Munster they dig a good quantity of Lapis Calaminaris With this they make Brass in this City They put a good quantity of this Stone together with the red Copper of Swedeland and in a Furnace melt them together the Stone melts and incorporates with the Copper and changes the red into a yellow Colour and encâ—ases the quantity of the Metal from 70 Pounds to an 100. The Dutch and Germans do not distinguish these Metals as we do by the Names of Copper and Brass but call both Copper the one Red and the other Yellow Copper They dig from their Hills some Iron and an Ore that yields Brimstone and Vitriol and they have very rich Mines of Lead besides Plenty of Coal and Wood also for Fuel and Stone for Building In this City is one of the chief Manufactures of Needles perhaps in the World tho' Needles the Wyre which they make them of is not made here but comes from some other Parts of Germany We went to see some of the Work about the making of these They say they pass from first to last through 60 hands I believe they must reckon from the taking of the Iron out of the Ground to the sewer with the Needle to make up that Number and account to every Person as they should do two Hands They have a vast Machine which is mov'd with a Water-mill in which they brighten and smooth them because they become rusty by many Millions at a time during the several Works about them We did not see it going but could easily see how the thing is done They are
agreeable to a German Soul At another Place the Water comes up through a Pipe very quick and raiseâ— a wooden Ball about Four Foot high from the top of the Pipe and keeps it at that heighth twirling in the Air. As one enters this Place there stands an Obelisk of Stone on the Pedestal are laid five great Globes of Stone and upon them the tall Pillar stands At the top of this is an Effigies of Prince Maurice of polish'd Steel The Memory of this great Man is very fresh and much honour'd here and we shall have something more to say of him anon In this City the Magistracy under the Electour of Brandenburg are of the Calvinist sort but he tolerates every other sort of Religion here with the Indifferency of the Dutch in that matter The Anabaptists have a Congregation here The Protestants have a good large Church encompass'd with a Church-Yard but the Papists are a great Proportion of the People of the City They are in Possession of the great Church as 't is call'd and of the Revenues belonging to it This stands high and is visible long before one comes to the City by two Turrets at the West end of it This is a Collegiate Church and entertains about fifteen Chanoines The Person that show'd it us said they possess all the Revenue that they ever had but it is but small We saw nothing fine in the Church but all was in a pretty good Condition There are two large Monuments of Dukes of Cleve which contain them and their Dutchesses and their Children but are very naked and plain Here they pretend to have the Relicks of some of the famous Companions of St. Ursula who St. Uâ—sula were says Story but Eleven thousand in all and all Virgins they came from Brittaine were taken in a Storm at Sea and drove above an hundred Miles within Land up the Rhine to the Country near Colen There they died all together by the barbarous Huns and Alans when they over-run that Country Some think that the making them amount to so extravagant a Number was occasion'd by mistake and that they were indeed but Eleven in all besides St. Ursula Some ignorant Monk took these Notes XI M V as signifying Eleven thousand Virgins whereas they were intended to fignifie Eleven Martyr'd Virgins But however after him the infallible Tradition of the Roman Church votes for the greater Number among the People and the Governours of the Church are willing to let it run so because that Number will best serve to countenance the abundant Relicks of these Virgins which in many Places are pretended to Bishop Godeau says That in many Churches of France there are Heads shown which are pretended to have been the Heads of some of the Companions of St. Ursula In this Church within a strong Iron Grate to preserve these precious Relicks are seen a Number of Skulls I suppose about eight or nine which they say were the Heads of some of these Virgins and a multitude of little Pieces of Bones are laid up against the Wall which they pretend were theirs and under these things is a Tomb where they say three of their Bodies are interr'd The Church of Rome solemnly commemorates these Virgins on the 21st of October but under the Name of St. Ursula and her Companions without determining the Number because though they believe it not themselves they are willing to continue the pious Fraud if any such there be among their People In the Mass for the Day at a Venture they make the following Prayer O Lord our God may it please thee to grant us the Grace to Reverence with a continual Devotion the Victories of thy Holy Virgins and Martyrs Ursula and her Companions to the â—â—d that although we cannot worthily solemâ—â—â—e their Triumph we may nevertheless be faithful to render them our humble Respects by c. There is also an Order of Nuns that are particularly devoted to St. Ursula they are a Branch of the Augustines but distinguish themselves from the rest by their Devotion to St. Ursula we met with their Houses in many Places of this Journey They began in Italy 't is said where they were approv'd by Pope Gregory XIII in the Year 1572. Yet after all 't is most probable there never was any such Person and Godeau honestly says in his Church History that the Story is full of manifest Falsities I waited upon the Protestant Minister here Lutherans for the sake of seeing his Church and acquainting my self with their way of administring the publick Worship He receiv'd me very civilly and testified great Respects for the Church of England He has also mighty Veneration and Esteem for our King whose Renown and Praises he has publish'd in Latin and High Dutch Verse I saw in his House a Picture in black and white of Martin Luther it represented him with a fuller Face than I had seen before but he said it was very exactly taken from a Picture of him which had been drawn from the Life in the Country where he liv'd It was all done with a Pen and is no bigger then might be cover'd with a little Hand That which seem'd most curious in it is a small Writing in High Dutch Language but in Latin Letters so curiously laid about it that some very artificially makes the Folds of his Gown some is turn'd about upon his Head and makes a Bush of curl'd Hair and two Lines over each Eye form his Eye-brows The Writing contains several remarkable Passages of his Life As the Picture hung up against the Wall tho' but at a little Distance I could not perceive that any of this was Writing but when it was in my Hand I could distinguish the Letters plainly and spell the Words I went into his Church which is a good large one and will hold a multitude of People yet by the Encrease of his Congregation they are forc'd to enlarge their Room The Communion-Table stood here upon an Ascent of one Step at the East End of the Church The Book of Liturgy was upon it and is used there I saw it contain'd their Spiritual Songs and Psalms and Forms of Prayer Over it against the Wall was somewhat a confus'd Picture representing the Benefit which good Men received by the Blood of Christ before his Coming as well as in the Times of the Gospel It might be said to be an Emblem of that Text Jesus Christ the same yesterday to day and for ever Here again I understood that the Rites and Methods of Administring the Publick Worship in the Lutheran Congregations are different in several Provinces and Countries yet Lutherans wherever they come join with Lutherans and scruple not to conform to what they find practised in such indifferent Matters We were told of a small Collection of Roman Antiquities at a Place call'd Bergendale about a Mile from the City we went to it in the Way to Zante upon the Hill being charmed with the Pleasantness of it For