of the Cliff For the South end bring the Mill near Ramsgate to the northward of Ramsgate-Peer Depths in this Channel at low-water are two and a half three and a half and four fathom the nearer the Brake the deeper This Sand is noted in the Draught with the Letter s The Brake The Brake is a Sand that lyeth to the westwards of the North part of the Goodwin between this and the Goodwin is the Channel for great Ships to pass the North end of it is the narrowest and most steep too and dries most at low-water The Mark for the North end Is to bring St. Lawrence Steeple on the South end of the Cliff to the northward of Ramsgate-Peer This Sand lyeth N.N.E. and S.S.W. The Mark for the South end Is to bring Ash Steeple open a hand-spikes length to the South of Sandwich Steeple then are you clear to the southward of the South end or else the Wind-mill on the Cliff at the South-east end of the Town of Ramsgate The Depths in this Channel are 7 8 9 10 11 and 12 fathom The Mark to lead through to the northwards of the Cliff of the South-Foreland Point or else Marget Church on the third Cliff from the Foreland northward to the northward of the bunt-Bunt-head The Goodwin is not so steep too but you may come there in eight fathom and to the Brake in six and seven fathom according to the time of Tyde This Sand is about two miles long and a quarter of a mile broad The Goodwin The Goodwin is a Sand that lyeth before the Downs and is from the shore in some parts four miles and in some five the southern half lies S.S.W. and N.N.E. rounding towards the South-Foreland the northern part of it lies North South rounding to the East side and is in most places steep too at the North end there is indifferent good shoaling The Sand by storms and strong Tydes alters every year is very broad and dries a great part of it but most to the North end The Marks for to go clear of the North-sand-head Marks for the north-sand-North-sand-head Is to bring St. Peters steeple on Broad-stairs-Peer this Mark will direct you by it in five and six fathom according to the Tyde and in the Night the Light on the North-Foreland North-west south-sand- Marks for the south-sand-South-sand-head half West The Mark for the South-sand-head Is the steeple of Ring-joul on the Village called Kings-down or the Light-Houses on the South-Foreland together From this Sand spits out against the Brake Bunthead a Sand called the bunt-Bunt-head which is very steep too having eleven fathom close to it The North end lyeth off Broad-stairs about six miles and the South end about three miles off the shore If you coming from the West do keep Folkston Land open of Dover Land it will carry you without the south-sand-South-sand-head The Falls The Falls is a long narrow Sand that lies South by West from the Galloper about twelve miles it is fitteen miles in length and lyeth South by West and North by East The South end lies about seven miles without the Goodwin-sand and bears from the Light-House on the South-Foreland E. N. E. about thirteen miles the North end bears from St. Peters Church on the North-Foreland E. N. E. about sixteen miles the South end is shoalest where there is but 20 and 21 foot at low-water This end hath a broad round flat head like the Galloper where the Tyde doth ripple and whelm very much close to it there is twenty fathom some say they have been on it in fifteen foot water on the North part of it four four and a half five and five fathom and a half Whether it alters or not we cannot learn of any the Ground is gross Gravel and the Soundings about it are very uneven a mile within and without the North end there is 27 fathom it is steep too on both sides The Soundings we had from the North-Foreland are 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 19 22 24 27 28. 24 23 22 20 11 6 and a half and on the North end there is as about the South end 15 19 20 25 28 fathom within and without it The Galloper The Galloper is a Sand that lies near South-east by South from the Gabard about ten miles and is properly so called by reason of the great length of it with the strength and crossness of the Tyde that sets over it being very steep on both sides all which in foul weather makes such a great short Sea that if any Ship come near it it makes Her and the People in Her to gallop to get from it Of all the Sands none are like to this for narrowness it is a wonder that being it consists on the upper part of small shingle or stones and the Tydes setting so strong and cross over it together with the Sea that must fall upon it in foul weather being so great with the steepness on both sides and the narrowness atop that it is not dispersed and carried away It is supposed that the most part of this Shoal some depth under the shingle is a Rock the top whereof holds in the shingle And it is also very like that it doth alter every Winter in stormy weather it lyeth North by East and South by West in length it is eight miles and a half and in breadth twenty or thirty foot but at the South end it hath a broad head and flat at top half a mile broad but steep too round about it close to the South end was a Hole where we saw the Tyde make a very great whelming and ripling we thought that the least water had been there but when we had hove the Lead within it we had twenty fathom the next cast without it we had but 7 8 9 and 10 fathom The North end of it bears from Orford Church South-east seven degrees East 24 miles off The South end bears from the North-Foreland North-east five degrees North 27 miles Within the body of this Sand we met with a Hole S.W. and N. E. three miles in length where we had twenty fathom water Other Depths that we had betwixt this Sand and the Shipwash were 14 16 17 18 and 20 fathoms and such like On the South-east side of this Sand two miles off we had from the Sand off-ward 15 17 18 20 24 and 26 fathom The Tyde sets over it North-east by East and South-west by West four leagues a Watch and it floweth South North and hath but 14 and 15 foot at low-water on the top of the Spring and close to the outward side of the Sand you will have 14 fathom and at the inner side ten and eleven fathom The Gabard The Gabard is a Sand that lies near East from the Shipwash about eight or nine miles and lyeth North and South being in length three miles and a Cables length broad on which at low-water there is but 12 or 13 foot and hath good
shoalings on both sides it lyeth E. S. E. five leagues from Orford Church and Castle Bearings of the Gabard The Depths between this Sand and Orford-Ness is near 18 19 and 20 fathom only a mile W.N.W. from the North end of it we had two casts off 27 fathom The South end of it by judgment lies from the North end of the Galloper nine or ten miles South-East by South and North-west by North. The Depths betwixt this Sand and the North end of the Galloper were 14 15 16 17 and 18 fathom Kentish-Knock The Kentish-Knock is a Sand the body whereof lies five miles South from the long-sand-Long-sand-head and is three miles in length north-North-east and south-South-west and in breadth two miles North-west and South-east This Sand hath the resemblance of an Oval and hath a Ridge in the middle from North-west to South-east on which there is but six foot at low-water To the north-North-east and South-west of this Ridge there is 18 10 12 14 and 15 foot as you are near the ends of it and it is steep too round about Between this and the Long-sand is a Channel near two miles broad where there is twelve and thirteen fathom from the South-west and North-east end of this shoal runs a Ridge more then a mile to the North-east and South-west on which there is 5 6 7 8 9 and 10 fathom and off either side more water South by East from the long-sand-Long-sand-head you will go to the eastwards of this shoal To the E. S. E. of this you will quickly come in 15 17 19 and 20 fathom water Bearings of the Kentish-Knock The body of this Knock lies from St. Peters Church on the North-Foreland N. N. E. three degrees East fifteen miles the north-North-east end of the Knock and the long-sand-Long-sand-head bears South by East and North by West A Note to know the Knock from the Long-sand To know when you are near the Knock or Long-sand-head is thus When you are near the Knock you shall see the Land of the North-Foreland very plain but when you are at the long-sand-Long-sand-head you will hardly see the Land except it be very clear weather or unless you go up the shrouds At the Knock you may see it plainly on the Deck Pan-Sands These are a heap of small Sands of divers shapes lying at the south-South-west end of the Long-sand which dries at low-water and hath some water ranning betwixt them but no passage for ships one of which Sands joyns to the South-west end of the Girdler and lies up from it W. S. W. in length two miles and a half and makes the entrance into the Black-deeps where the Channel is but half a mile broad and 10 11 and 12 fathom water The rest of these Pan-sands lie E.S.E. from this four miles and then trend away North-east five miles and a half even with the Long-sand and to it These Sands are noted in the Draught with the Letter E. The Girdler The Girdler is a Sand that lies South-west from the Long-sand and spits home to it it lies North-east by East and South-west by West it is four miles and a half long and half a mile broad being steep too on the North-west side where there is 12 15 16 fathom water From the North-east end of this Sand to the South-westward the Channel grows narrower and narrower This Sand is noted in the Draught with the Letter D. The Long-Sand The Long-sand is properly so called by reason of its great length containing fifteen miles and a half in breadth it is from one mile to two and lies North-east by East and South-west by West On the North-west side it is steep too having in most places ten fathom close to it But at the North-east end which is called Long-sand-head is good shoaling lying off a mile N.E. but in nine fathom the South-east side not so deep you may sayl along it in 4 5 and 6 fathom Much of this Sand dries at three quarters Ebb and in some parts of it there is long narrow swatches two or three one by another Long sand Head which run upward and downward as the Sand lies in which at low-water was three and four fathoms the Ridges between are dry The Head of this Sand bears from St. Peters Church on the North-Foreland S. S. W. and N. N. E. about twenty miles and from the Naze E. S. E. five degrees South 17 miles and from the South end of the Galloper West five degrees South Bearings of the Long-sand about eleven miles and from the North end of the Falls it bears North-west by North about sixteen miles At the Head of this Sand it flows North and South and the Flood and Ebb sets on several Points of the Compass The Shivering-Sand The Shivering-sand runs up to the south-South-west from Knock-John and lyeth north-North-east and south-South-west being in length about seven miles and in breadth a mile running away sharp at both ends and rounding on the North-west side where you have 8 9 and 10 fathom close to it on the South side 10 and 12 fathoms and in the middle between it and the Girdler there is 12 13 14 and 15 fathoms From the South-west end of this to the Buoy of the Red-sand is three miles W.S.W. and E.N.E. and from the North-west end of the Mouse to this Sand is four miles and a half East by South and West by North and from the South-west end of this to the South-west end of the West-Barrows is two miles and one third N.N.W. S.S.E. and from the South-west end of this to the South-west end of the Pan-sands is half a mile South by East and North by West Knock-John Kneck-John is a Sand that lies at the Southwest end of the Sunk lying North-east by East and South-west by West and is in length about six miles and a mile broad in the middle growing narrower towards each end and runs up with a Tayl on the North-west side of the Shivering-sand where there is a small swatch that parts them but is not navigable This Sand is winding and sharp at both ends the North-east end tayling on the South-west side of the Sunk A great part of this Sand dries at half-tyde and is steep too on both sides having ten fathom close to it Betwixt this and the Long-sand the Channel is a mile and three-quarters broad and betwixt this and the East-Barrows it is a mile broad The Sunk The Sunk is a Sand that lyeth on the North side of the Long-sand Bearings of the Sunk whose North-east ends do bear one from the other E. S. E. and W. N. W. about two or three miles distant between them both enters the Channel called the Black-deeps where there is 11 12 13 14 Black-deeps 15 fathom water and ten fathom close to the Sands on both sides This Sand lyeth North-east by East and South-west by West about eight miles and a half the West end running a little on the North-west side of
lyeth a Buoy which lyeth from the Sporn West by South half southerly seven miles and from the Buoy of the Bull East by South four miles and a half Sonk The Sonk is a Sand that lyeth on the North side of the River almost as far down as the Sporn if going up on the South side you bring Pauls-Tower open of the Red-Cliff to the eastward then you are clear or about the Tayl of the Sonk Holms The Holms is a Sand which lyeth about a mile from the shore The East end cometh within the Tayl of the Sonk and on the West end lyeth a Buoy which beareth South a mile and half from Pauls-Church and from the Buoy of the Bull North-west by West about thirteen miles The Dogger-Bank East from the Sporn-head six leagues lyeth the westermost corner off of the Dogger-Bank from which it extendeth it self North-East by East 77 leagues the eastermost end being but 17 leagues South-west by West from Rinkopper-deep in Jutland the breadth of this Sand is 11 leagues on the westermost end hereof you will have 10 9 11 12 and 13 fathom but towards the East end 14 15 18 20 and at the Point of it 25 fathom on the North side you will have 50 46 45 40 fathom on the South side 28 and 26 fathom Crouch-Bank In the mid-way between flamborough-Flamborough-head and the Naze lyeth this great Bank North by East and South by West in the Sea being in length 35 leagues the South end hereof is distant from the Dogger-bank five leagues and from flamborrough-Flamborrough-head north-North-east half easterly 39 leagues on the South end of this Bank is 22 in the middle 38 39 and on the North end 28 fathoms which beareth from the Naze W. S. W. 39 leagues The White-bank About twenty leagues North from Friezland lyeth the White-bank being in length 27 leagues and in breadth five leagues being distant from the Dogger-bank 13 leagues lying East by North and West by South in the Sea on the West end is 23 fathom and on the South end 22. The White-water North-West by West fourteen leagues from the Texel lyeth a Bank called the White-water lying North-east by East and South-west by South in the Sea being in length ten leagues on which is sixteen fathom the West end being distant from the Well seven leagues where you will have 24 and 25 fathom and between it and the Dogger-bank 27 and 28 fathom The Well North-east by North from Wintertonness about eleven leagues lyeth the Well being a large square Bank in length 13 leagues and in breadth 10 the ground whereof is very uneven where at the first cast you will have 12 the next 16 and in some places 22 fathom between it and the Dogger-Bank from which it is distant about four leagues near the said Well 30 and 24 near the Dogger 51 44 30 and 28 fathom between it and the Bread-bank 23 and 24 fathom and between it and the English shore 20 26 and 24 fathom A Description of the Sands Shoals Buoys Beacons and Sea-Marks upon the Coast of England from the Buoy of the Nower to Dover The Flats THE Flats are so called by reason of their general flatness on which you may sayl 4 or 5 miles and not alter one foot in depth In the course from the Narrow to the Red-sand you may have ten foot water to the eastward in some holes you have fifteen and sixteen foot water The Dangers that are in these Flats are discoursed of in their place for he that keeps himself on the Course that leads from the Buoy of the Wool-pack to the Buoy of the Red-sand which is North-west by West a quarter North if he take Tyde according to the draught of his Ship shall not meet with any dangers The Gilman The Gilman is a Shoal that lyeth up from the Buoy of the Spell W.N.W. about five miles and a quarter of a mile South-east by South from the East end of the Spaniard and falls dry on Spring-tydes He that keepeth in the Course that leadeth from the Buoy of the Woolpack to the Buoy of the Red-sand will not come near it This Shoal is noted in the Draught with the Letter C. The Spaniard The Spaniard is a Sand that takes its beginning from Sheppy-Island and runs down East by North until the Buoy of the Red-sand is North-west by North from the East end of it a mile and a half distance a good part of this Sand falls dry And he that keeps the West end of St. Nicholas-Wood in the Gore open to the eastwards of the Reculvers-steeple will not come near this Sand. Between this and the Red-sand runs down the first Depths where there is 5 6 7 and 8 fathoms the more to the eastward the deeper water The Red-sand and Buoy The Red-sand is very long on the East end whereof lies a Buoy to direct them clear to the North of it into the Channel betwixt this Sand and the Oaze-edge which leads towards London or downward over the Flats the North side of this Sand from the Buoy upwards is steep too but indifferent shoaling This Buoy lies from the Buoy of the Oaze-edge East half North and West Marks of the Buoy half South about three or four miles The Mark on the Land for this Buoy is to bring the Lands-end South-west and St. Nicholas-Wood open to the Reculvers or to bring the Reculvers South-east The eastermost end of this Sand lies out with two Tongues upon the northermost of which is placed a Buoy The Oaze-edge and Buoy The Oaze-edge is a Sand that lies to the northward of the Red-sand and lies E.N.E. and W.S.W. containing about 4 miles in length and half a mile in breadth The Channel betwixt this and the Red-sand is in some part more and in some less then a mile broad The South side of this Sand is steep too and the deepest part in the Channel is nine and ten fathom At the West end of it lies a Buoy and bears North by East from the Lands-end Mouse-hole Church on the North-east of Sheppy then Mouse-hole Church is open to the Eastward of the said Lands-end from this Buoy to the Buoy of the Nower the Course is West a quarter South about five miles The Spile The Spile is a small round Sand and lies almost thwart the Buoy of the Oaze-edge to the southward on the North side of the West-tayl of the Red-sand you have but six foot at low-water and lies very dangeâ—ously The Buoy of the Woolpack The Buoy of the Woolpack is the westermost Buoy in the Narrow on the North side of the Channel Marks of this Buoy and lyeth on the West Spit of the Woolpack-sand and bears from Reculvers-sleeple North by West then you have two little Hills like two Paps on the upper Land to the southwards just open and shut to the Reculvers-sleeple This Buoy is noted in the Draught with the Letter x. The Buoy of the Spell The Buoy of the Spell
Schieringhalls is a Sand that lyeth along by the Fly-land there being a Channel between them but not navigable on the N. E. side standeth five Beacons and on the East point thereof which is four mile and a half S.S.E. half easterly from the Fly-land lyeth a Buoy about three Cables length S. E. from which lyeth another on the side of this Sand which lyeth South standeth six Beacons it being five miles in length then it runneth S. W. by West 4 miles from thence N. W. by West 6 mile from whence it goeth N. W. being concave four mile which Point is called the Pan from which it runneth by the aforesaid Fly land to the first Beacon which course is E.N.E. almost 4 leagues the said Point or Pau lyeth from the West end of Eyerland S.S.E. a great mile Bree-Sand Bree-sand is separated from Schieringhals with a small Channel from the Buoy on the tayl of the foresaid Sand to Claes-Owens Beacon the course is S. S. E. distant four miles and a half between which you will have 40 and 48 fathom from which to a Beacon that stands on the Hook of this Sand the course is S. S. E. a mile from which Beacon to the tayl of the Sand the course is South three great leagues in which space on the edge of the Sand there standeth four Beacons from which tayl it runneth N. E. by East about two leagues rounding about until it run North which will bring you to a Buoy on the N. W. corner not above half a mile from the South Point of the Shieringhals Langer-Sand Langer-sand hath on the North side of the Head of it three Buoys which lie one from the other S. E. by South and N. W. by West This Sand lyeth within the Island Grind and the N. E. side of Bree-sand the East side is distant from Harling half a mile Hendrick-Traerts Plat. Hendrick-Traerts Plat is a Shoal which lyeth off from the Island Grind having a Buoy at the South Point of it being distant not above two Cables length from Langer-sand the East Point hereof runneth from the Island about 2 mile being distant from Harling N. E. by North a mile and half Schorre-Ground Schorre-ground lyoth without between the Schelling and Fly-land and falleth dry at low-water on either side of it you have 30 40 and 60 fathom within it on the North end of the Fly-land lyeth another dry Plat which extendeth it self from the Shore about two mile between this and the foresaid Plat Westerbâ—ems-Gat goeth the Westerbooms-Gat to the southward of those are two other Plats but there is Buoys and Marks to direct you clear of them all The Abdt. The Abdt is a Sand which lyeth within the Schelling there is a Channel but not navigable it is two mile distant from the Land and about a mile from the Grind. Camper-Sand Camper-sand lyeth between the Schelling and Ameland distant from Friesland about a mile which falleth almost all dry at low-water between it and the Horse goeth a Channel called Cromme Born-Riff Born-Riff is a Sand which lyeth without Camper-sand between which goeth the Channel called Ameland-Gat Ameland-Gat where there are Buoys to carry you through The Watt. The Watt is a Sand which lyeth on the South side of Rottum Wester-Emes on the East side thereof goeth up the Weser-Emes in which Channel there lyeth a little Sand called Hubers-Plaet at the tayl whereof lyeth a Buoy on the South side stand four Beacons from the westermost Beacon you may direct your course West and sayl into the Channel which goeth up to Eastmerhorn Ruyt-Sand From the going in of the Wester-Emes all alongst the Coast of Grâ—eninger-land there lyeth a Flat a great league from the Shore on the East side viz. in the Wester-Emes there lyeth many Buoys and Beacons against the second Buoy above Hubers-Plant lyeth the point of a Sand where a Swatch goeth in on each side which Sand is called Ruyt-sand on whose Point standeth a Beacon Ransel Ransel is a Shoal which lyeth on the South side of Borcom and runneth S. E. five miles on the S. E. end of it standeth four Beacons the Western and Eastern-Emes go upon each side of it at the Point of Borcom lyeth two small Sands the one called Brewers-Plaet whereon standeth a Buoy the other the back of Hogebeern whereon standeth a Beacon near the S. E. end on the said side lyeth another small Sand called Cornix-Plaet where there is a Buoy to direct you clear of it On the West side of the said Island of Borcom runneth off a Shoal West three leagues and a half Borcom-Riff and the outmost end whereof you have four and five fathom on the South side of the Point hereof lyeth a little Sand called Geltsack between which at your first entrance you will have five fathom and at the going in of the Wester-Emes eight fathom Scuyt-Sand Scuyt-sand is a Shoal which lyeth on the Coast of Emderland from Greitzyl unto Betroen on the North side hereof standeth four Beacons Leysand Leysand beginneth at Groetzyl and runneth alongst the said Coast of Emderland until you come to Westerbreeck on the eastermost Beacon which standeth on Scuyt-sand there runneth in a small Channel which runneth down to Norden on the North side thereof at the entrance standeth also four Beacons to direct you through Bandt Bandt is a Flat which joyneth to Juyst and runneth as far as the little Island Bursen and runneth along by the Easter-Emes South two leagues on which side there are many Swatches at the South-west corner of it there is a small Island whereon standeth two Beacons to direct you through from the Easter to the Wester-Emes On the South side of this Sand standeth also four Beacons to direct you through a Channel which goeth between Lâ—ysand and it from the North-west side of the Island Juyst runneth off a Riff called Juyster-Riff three leagues West into the Sea Juyster-Riff whereon you have three fathom at the end hereof is the entrance in of the Emes Watt. The Watt is a Shoal which beginneth at the Voer and endeth at Westerbreeck joyning every where to the Shore wherein are many Swatches without which there are Shoals belonging to every Island viz. Norderny Baltrum Langerâ—â—gh Spikerâ—â—gh and Wrangerâ—ogh where are Channels going in between every one of them and also a Channel between the Watt and them on the in-side of Wrangeroog on the side of its Shoal standeth eight Beacons called the Beacons of Wadt and also on the North-west side lyeth two Buoys likewise On the East side of the said Watt standeth six Beacons to direct you up Stonebalg The Old-Doge The Old-Ooge is a Sand which lyeth on the East side of Watt distant a mile and half by the North Point hereof runneth up the Channel called the Weser Rode-Sand Rode-sand lyeth North-east from Wrangeroog almost two leagues it lyeth in the Sea North-west by West and South-east by East in length four miles and a half on
about seven eight or nine fathom according as the Tyde is this Sand is steep also so that if the wind be northerly that you are forced to run down stand not over to that Sand until your water shoal for you shall have eight or nine fathom and the next cast aground but you may stand over to the westward Middle-ground into five or six fathom East-Barrow-head the North end of the eastermost Middle-ground doth tayl or joyn to the East-barrow-head and there it is flat with a tayl a good length over to the northwards The North-east Flat lyeth near Northwest from the Buoy of the Buxey and then the Trees on the North side do bear North-weft from you When you are thwart of the Buoy of the Spits and Buxey Spits Buâ—y you may steer out North-east by East down the Kings Channel or if the wind will give you leave to borrow upon the Gunfleet in seven or eight fathom water then that depth will lead you down to the Buoy at the East end of the Gunfleet Also by this means you shall be sure to keep clear of the Middle-ground that lyeth between the Gunfleet and the eastward Sand which is called the Heaps which at low-water hath but ten foot in some places This Middle-ground reacheth a great length when you are at the South end of it the Naze-land will bear North from you and Orfordness N. N. E. When you are at the North-east end of this Sand then you will be thwart of the Buoy on the North end of the Gunfleet and Harwich Church will be open and shut of Harwich Cliff from whence if you be bound for the North-foreland you may steer E. N. E. and East by North till you bring the Naze-land to bear W. N. W. from you and then you may be sure you are northward of the tayl of the Sonk but if the wind be southerly borrow close aboard the tayl of the Sonk Other directions for the Swin and so through the Kings-Channel towards the Downs When you come down as low as the Whitaker then take heed and keep the shoaling thereof until you are two miles below it then you come to the shoaling of the Middle-ground Middle-Ground which is steep too for if you do turn down you must about when you come to ten fathom water because it is narrow and so the shoaling of the Middle-ground doth continue till you come down as low as the Buoy of the Spits Buoy of the Spits The Channel begins to be broader and if the wind be so that you must turn be sure to keep hold of the Gunfleet Gun-fleet but if the wind be fair that you may lead it run down in the shoaling of the Gunfleet till you bring the Naze N.N.W. and then go thence North-east by East also that it will lead you clear of the Sonk and go still that course till you have brought the Naze-land W. N. W. or West by North. The Sonk doth lie from the Naze North-east and South-west so that if you bring the Naze-land to lie West by North you may be bold to go a more easterly course until you come to sixteen or eighteen fathom for fourteen or fifteen fathom will go hard by the Kentish-Knock Kentish-Knock Note also that you may see the Trees over the Naze when you cannot see the Naze The Kentish-Knock doth lie from the long-sand-Long-sand-head long-sand- long-sand-Long-sand-head three or four miles E.S.E. And when you have the aforesaid sixteen fathom then you may judge the Naze-Land to be W. N. W. or West by North then go thence S.S.W. upon an Ebb and upon a flood South or S.S.E. as the Wind is or the weakness of the Tyde so must you work and that will carry you clear with the North-Foreland and if you go about the north-sand-North-sand-head or about all or the Goodwin then you must keep more easterly north-sand- north-sand-North-sand-head and note that the north-sand-North-sand-head and the Long sand-sand-head lyeth South and North and the Kentish-Knock lyeth from the North-foreland North by East and South by West there is nothing between Marget-sand and the North-foreland and therefore you need not fear And as I said before to go about the Goodwin run off till you come to 26 or 30 fathom for 18 or 20 fathom goeth near the Sand and so run in this depth until you have brought the Land of Dover open of the South Foreland then you may be bold to hale in with the Foreland there is nothing between the Goodwin and Marget-sand or North-foreland to fear To sayl unto Cowen and Malden-Water When you are at the Buoy of the Spits Spits your course is W.N.W. in four or five fathom as the Wind serves for the Ebb setteth upon a Shoal that lyeth to the Eastward called the Eagle Eagle and the Tyde of Flood setteth on a Shoal called the Knowl Knowl and is to the westward of your going in and you may run down to the southward borrowing in five fathom upon the Main until you bring Banbury-land which is the high Land that lies above Malden a Sayls breadth open with Bradwell-point which Mark will bring you between the Eagle and the Knoul and run with these Marks until you bring a Steeple that stands on the North shore open of the red Cliffs end and so run with these marks open and shut North up Marzey-Block-House until you come to Marzey Black-house and there you may come to an anchor in six or seven fathom water Directions to sayl into Harwich coming from the southwards If you come from the southward keep Harwich-Steeple open a good birth off the Cliff end and on the North end keep Farberry Clifts open of the Beach on the East fide and so you may go in bearing close by the Beach for fear of the Altar Altar which lies within a Cables length of the Beach and so you may go along clear keeping by the Beach till you come to the Werebere-head and then you may steer up with Ipswich-water and anchor with Harwich S. S. W. in five or six fathom water and the higher up the better ground till you bring the Town South of you Other Directions for Harwich coming from the Northwards When you come from the northward and are shot past the Whiting as far as Bawdsey-Cliff keep Orford Church and Castle open of the Cliff and that will carry you clear of the Andrews and then when you see the Light-Houses bring them one into another and get into four or five fathom-water or somewhat more towards high-water then run in about by the Point The Channel lyeth in due North but in the midst of the Havens lyeth a sunken Rock called the Altar which you must avoid by sayling on either side by one Shore or the other but along by the East Shore is best being within it you cannot sayl amiss or take hurt except you run against the Shore There you may anchor all over where
and Harwich and Orfordness a S.S.E. Moon maketh high-water without the Banks of Yarmouth and before Cromer a South-east Moon maketh high-water Between the Banks of Harwich and the Holms of Yarmouth it floweth South and Ebbs North. Thwart of the Banks of Winterton and Cromer it flows S.S.E. and ebbs N.N.W. Of the Tydes and setting of the Currents From the North-Foreland the Flood runs to the Reculvers and over the Brakes W.S.W. and West by South Without about the Goodwin towards the Kentish-Knock the Flood falleth North by West and N.N.W. There cometh also a flood from the northwards and meet one another by the Galloper with a very great ripling and noise from which this Bank is called the Galloper and setteth to the westwards into the Sands and Channels and also to the Eastward toward Flanders Between the North-Foreland and Oxfordness the Stream setteth S.S.E. When you are to the northward of the Galloper and can reckon no other Ebb than that which runneth along England to the Northwards the Streams fall there all alongst the Coast To the Southward of the Galloper the Ebb setteth to the Southward and the Flood to the Northward Courses and Distances of Places from the North-Foreland to Cocquet-Island From the North-Foreland to the North end of the Goodwin the course is East by South a league and half From the North-Foreland to the Kentish Knock North by East and N.N.E. 4 or 5 leagues From thence to Orfordness North 12 leagues From the Foreland to the Galloper N. E. by North 9 leagues From the Galloper to Orfordness N.N.W. 10 leagues From Alborough to Covehith North by East 5 leagues From Covehith to Leystaff North 2 leagues and a half From Leystaff to Yarmouth South 3 leagues From Winterton to Haseborough 2 leagues and a half From Yarmouth to Winterton N.N.W. 2 leagues and a half From Cromer to Blakney N.N.W. 3 or 4 leagues From Blakney to Bornham to sayl through within the Sand West 6 leagues and a half From Bornham to Chappel-Land W.S.W. 2 leagues and a half From Chappel-Land to Boston-Knock or the North Point of Boston-Deep N.W. by North 5 leagues From thence to the Spurn North and North by West 6 leagues and a half From the Spurn to Flamborough-head N. N. W. 9 leagues Thwart Courses over Sea From the North-Foreland to Flushing East somewhat northerly about 26 leagues and a half From the Foreland to the Mase E.N.E. or somewhat easterly 33 leagues From the Foreland to the Texel or the Mase-deep N.E. 45 leagues From the Naze or Harwich to the Maze East 29 leagues From Orfordness to the Texel E.N.E. 37 leagues From Yarmouth or Leystaff to Walcheren or the Weilings S. E. and S. E. by South 39 leagues From the Point of Cromer or Shield to the Texel East 41 leagues From the Spurn to the Texel East by South and E.S.E. 59 leagues From Tinmouth to Scutness N. E. 103 leagues From Tinmouth to the Naze in Norway N. E. by East somewhat easterly 102 leagues From Tinmouth to the Scaw E.N.E. 135 leagues From Tinmouth to Holy-Island East by South somewhat easterly 106 leagues A Table shewing what Moon maketh full Sea and Setting of the Tydes upon the North-Coast of England and Scotland The Names of the Coasts and Head-lands What Moon maketh full Sea How the Tyde sets by the Land How the Tyde sets seven leagues off the Land How the Tyde sets nine leagues off the Land and in the midst of the Channel At the Kentish-Knock long-sand-Long-sand-head south-south-South-South-East And South by East south-south-South-South-East South by East South by West At Harwich Orfordness and Haven S.E. by S. S.S.E. S.E. by South North and South S. S. W. Yarmouth-Road and Haven S. E. by South And S. S. E. S. S. E. North and South South by West Winterton Cromer and Blakney E. S. E. East by South S. E. by East E. S. E. South by East E. S. E. S.S.E. and S. by E. South-East Humber-mouth Lin and Boston-deeps East and West East by South E. S. E. S. W. and N.E. flamborough-Flamborough-head and Bridlington W. S. W. East and West West by North. S. E. by South Directions for Piloting a Ship from the Point of the Hope over the Flats to the Downs and from thence to the westward alongst the Coast of England as far as Silly shewing the Marks for going into the most Eminent Harbours With a perfect Tyde-Table shewing what time it is full Sea in all these Ports and how long and upon what Point of the Compass the Tyde runneth in the Channel Directions for sayling from Tilbury-Hope down to the Buoy of the Nower VVHen you break ground from Tilbury-Hope if the wind be southerly keep the South Shore close aboard but be careful of Blith-sand which lyeth close to the Kentish-shore and accordingly observe these Marks to carry you clear of it Hopeness If in the day time keep the Steeple of Tilbury-Church a great Sayls breadth without Hopeness alias Sands-head-point If in the night or hazy-weather keep your Lead and come not within five fathom at low-water and seven at high-water and that depth will carry you clear without Blith-sand Blith-sand and will lead you down to the Nower-head But if the Wind be northerly then you must keep the North Shore which is steep too until you come as low as Hole-haven and so keeping the Soundings aforesaid you may run down to the Nower where you may come to an anchor at the East end thereof Marks The Marks for to keep you clear of the Sands is to bring Prickelwel-steeple a Sayls breadth to the eastwards of the Wood that is on the North Shore by the Water-side and there you may come to an Anchor To sayl from the Buoy of the Nower to Sheerness up the West-Swale First You must steer South-west by West then W.S.W. till you bring open a low Point upon the Isle of Graen called Black-stakes whereon standeth two little Houses Keep this Point and Sheer-ness one in another and you will sayl in the best of the Channel till you come to the Ness where you will find ten fathom close to it Cant. you may borrow upon the Cant in four or five fathom until you come within half a mile to the eastward of the Fort upon Sheerness Sheerness from whence runs off a Shoal about a Cables length of which care must be taken of not coming too near the Shore Being within the Ness you may come to an anchor where you please only the East side is all flar having but 1 2 3 and 4 fathom at low-water The South side of the Nower-sand is steep too Nower in nine and ten fathom close to the Sand and also near to the Ness is steep too in 10 11 and 12 fathom For to sayl into Quinborough If you be coming down the River of Thames and bound for Quinborough or the River of Medway and being come to the East end of the Nower-sand run down to the
the Buoy of the Searn is a good Road for Ships to ride in called the Gore Gore which is useful for Ships when they have not wind and weather to carry them over the Flats The Marks for the best Riding Marks for good anchorage Is to bring a Mill in the midst of a Wood near the Sea side and St. Peters Church in the midst of Westgate-bay together There is also a shoal called the Middle-ground at the Cliff end Middle-ground which lyeth a little below the Hook near the Shore on the South side on which there is but fourteen foot at low-water and on each side four fathom being a small narrow Ridge and lyeth E. N. E. and W. S. W. in longth three quarters of a mile The Mark to keep you clear Is to bring St. Peters Church over the East side of Westgate-bay or to bring the nethermost Tree on the next high Land to the westward of the Reculvers a little open to the southward This is also a good mark for the Hook downwards or from Margaret Sand upwards Margaret Sand lyeth before Marget and Westgate-bay on the North side of the Channel The East end of this Sand beareth from Marget Church North half westerly The Mark to go clear of the East end Is to bring Marget Steeple and the Wind-mill in one The depths you have along the Sand as you turn up and down are at the East end and so upward 9 8 7 6 5 fathom the greatest part of this Sand dries at low-water If you be to turn up in the Night between the Main and Marget-Sand you shall find by keeping of your Lead two Middle-grounds Middle-grounds upon the innermost Middle-ground you shall have five fathom and a half and to the southwards of it you shall have 6 7 or 8 fathom as the Tyde is high without the inner Middle-ground you shall have 8 9 or 10 fathom and then you shall have seven or eight as the Tyde is and without that nine or ten fathom and when it comes to shoal again you may be sure it is on the Sand and likewise the shoaling on the Main within the inner Middle-grounds these Middle-grounds do reach up to the Gore and the farther you come to the westwards the shoaler for they tayl unto the Searn and the Dry-sand without it which is called by some men the Girdler The Mark to Ride in Marget Road. The Mark to ride in Marget-Road Is to bring the Mill and Steeple together as far off the Shoar as you please to anchor The greatest part of Marget-sand dries at low-water from Marget-Town up to the Cliff end Above Birchington spits off several shoal places that must be taken care of in turning up and down especially at high-water near Marget stand no nearer the Shoar than six fathom and from Westgate-bay upward in five fathom The Mark to go clear of all the Spits below Marget-Town that runs off the Shoar on the North side of Foreland Is to keep the top of Marget-Steeple open above the Land and Fairness and Whiteness on the East side of the Foreland The Gore The Gore is a Road where Ships use to ride when they have not wind and weather to sayl over the Flats Marks of the best riding This Road is to the westward of the Hook of Marget-Sand and to the eastwards of the Buoy of the Searn The Mark for it Is to bring the Mill on the middle of a Wood near the Sea-side and St. Peters-Church in the middle of Westgate-bay Westgate-Bay Westgate-bay is a Road where Ships do use to ride A CHART of the NARROW SEAS Newly Corrected by Iohn Seller Hydrographer to the Kings most Excellent Majestie by reason there is more water and more drift and better ground for anchor-hold then is in the Gore The Mark for it Is to bring a Wind-mill on an old House in the middle of the Bay in seven or eight fathom water A Description of the Channels Black-Deeps The Black-deeps is a Channel that lyeth on the North-West side of the Pan-sands Pan-sands Girdler Long-sand Knock-John Girdler and the Longsand and runneth between them and the Shivering-sand Knock-John and the Sunk The westermost part of this Channel is but a mile in breadth viz. Betwixt the Shivering-sand and the Pan-sands Shivering-sand and all along the inside of the Shivering-sand you will have about ten fathom and on the outward side towards the Girdler several various depths but none less than seven fathom and all down the midst of the Channel you will have about fourteen and fifteen fathom unless it be toward the Sunk where you will have ten fathom The northermost Mouth of this Channel is near five miles betwixt the end of the Sunk and the long-sand-Long-sand-head Barrow-Deeps The Barrow-deeps is a Channel that lyeth betwixt the Shivering-sand Knock-John and the East and West-barrows The north-North-east entrance into this Channel is about four miles broad and at the south-South-west entrance between the Mouse and the Shivering-sand it is about three miles In this Channel there be various depths of water as seven eight and nine fathom and in the midst of this Channel it is not above two miles broad The Narrow The Narrow is that Channel that runs between Marget-sand and the Main reaching from the North-foreland through the Buoys of the Woolpack and the Spell Woolpack and Spell in which Channel you will generally have five fathom in the midst at low-water The Swin The Swin is a Channel that leadeth from the Buoy of the Middle-ground up to the Buoy of the Nower having generally nine or ten fathom water in the midst of the Channel The Kings-Channel The Kings-Channel is a broad Channel that cometh out of the Sea from the northward and so passing upon the South-east side of the Gunfleet and the Northwest side of the Heaps and Middle-ground until it cometh into the Swin The Wallet The Wallet is a Channel that lyeth between the North-west side of the Gunfleet and the Main entring between the West-Rocks and the Buoy of the Gunfleet and cometh out again at the Spits The Spits The Spits is a Channel that passeth between the North-west end of the Gunfleet and the Buoy of the Buxey where at low-water is no more than six or eight foot and is but a quarter of a mile broad The marks to come in or out of the Wallet Is to bring the Steeple of Great-Holland which is a flat Steeple into a small Swamp in a red Cliff and then the Church will bear North half easterly and in going in you may steer North-east by North till your water deepen and then bear toward the Naze and the nearer you are to the Gunfleet the deeper water Directions to sayl from Margaret-Road to the North-Foreland and the Marks for both Channels in the Downs From Marget steer down alongst the Shore East and East by North as the Wind is but come no nearer the Shore than in seven or
Ships length to the northwards of Broad-stairs peer-Peer-head or borrow upon the Sand by the Lead as aforesaid and so taking the first of the said Tyde without the Sand you may stand to the South-eastwards until you bring the South-Foreland West by South from you South-sand-head then cast about and you shall weather the South-sand-head and be in the Downs-Road before any other Ship that parted with you at the Foreland To turn through the Gulls To turn through the Gulls the Mark for the South-sand-head viz. the longst Mark to go without the Goodwin-sands coming from the South-westwards is Foulstone-Steeple open of Dover-Land or the high Cliff of Dover open of the Foreland these being shut in you running right upon it the directest thwart Mark of the South-sand-head is Ring-joul Church Thwart Mark right over the Valley or Village of Kings-down and then the Wood end to the northward of the Church will be right over the white mark of the Gulls running over in this Mark you shall have three fathom at low-water but if you keep so far to the southward as to bring the Wood end aforesaid right over the Valley of Kings-down you shall have five fathom at low-water and when you have brought the round Grove of Trees on the North-Foreland right over against the Valley of Ramsgate then you may be sure you are within the Sand or if you be turning out you can keep deal-Deal-Church to the southwards of Sand-down Castle you may likewise steer out with that Mark and it will carry you clear out the Sand is flat and fair shoaling both at the South and north-North-Head but steep too on the East side To sayl through the Gulls The Gulls is a Channel that runs between the Goodwin-sand and the Brake and therefore the Marks to bring you through the Downs going to the northwards are these You must keep St. Margets-Church which stands near the South-foreland on a piece of Wall that is built near the third Cliff to the northward of the South-Foreland Or else to bring the Light-house in the South-Swamp which Marks will carry you through the Gulls and in the Fair-way between the Goodwin and the Brake into 8 9 and 10 fathom water borrow on the Brake in seven fathom and no nearer the Bune-head then ten fathom Bunt-head and between the Bunt-head and the North-sand-head in eight fathom Directions to sayl from the North-Foreland through the Gulls in the Night If your ground Tackle should fail you in the Night riding at the North-Foreland as very often hath happened to divers Ships and that you cannot by reason of the Wind or Tyde weather the North-sand-head if you can but see the North-Foreland Light when you have brought that Light-house to bear from you North-west or North-west by North then bear over into eight or nine fathom and being in that depth you may be sure it will steering to the southward S. S. W. carry you directly through with the Brake but keeping your Lead carefully and borrowing no nearer the Brake then five fathom nor going not without nine fathom or nine fathom and a half as you have that Tyde under you and this course will lead you through without danger Directions for Dover-Road and so to Dongeness and to the Westward to Beachy and from thence to the Isle of Wight The best Ground in Dover-Road is with the White way to the North-westwards of Dover-Castle Marks to ride in Dover-Road or between that Hill that comes from St. James's Church which is a flat Steeple to the North end of Dover Town for a thwart mark and in what depth you please from seven to fourteen fathom thwart of Foul-stone in twelve or fourteen fathom you shall find very good ground likewise to the eastward of the Ness you may ride in very good ground for a South-west Wind in eight or nine fathom but if you set sayl with a Landerly Wind do not come near the Ness for there lyeth a Bank within the Point of the Ness Bank near Dongeness that hath not above fourteen foot on it at low-water in ordinary Tydes likewise to the westwards of the Ness there lyeth a Bank alongst the Channel that hath not above three fathom and a half at low-water and within it you shall have seven fathom Likewise there is another Riff or Spit that doth trend off from the middle of the Ness S. S. E. into the Sea that is dangerous for a Ship of Draught if you be coming from the westwards and borrow close to the Ness with a northerly wind also if you be bound to the westwards or eastwards with a northerly wind in a Ship of Draught be not covetous of keeping close to the Land for between Fairley and Beachy thwart of the Castle of Pemsy there lyeth divers Reaches or Overfalls thwart the Channel very little within the Fair-way for Beachy bearing from you West by South half South and Pemsy Castle N. N. E. from you there lyeth one that hath not above fourteen foot at low-water near about the middle of the Channel six or seven leagues off Fairley being between the N.N.W. and N.N.E. there lyeth a Bank called the Sow Sow on the which in some places there is not above seven fathom the Fishermen fish under it who may afright one in thick weather under Beachy you may anchor to the eastwards of it against a Village called East-seaford for a westerly Wind in seven eight or nine fathom thwart of a Town called Seaford the West Ford of all the Fords you may bring Beachy in these depths to bear from you between the South-east by East and the East by South ten fathom A Rock near Beachy There lyeth a Rock a good Birth from the Shore thwart of an open Bay to the westwards of Beachy between the Seven Cliffs and Beachy Point to avoid this Rock you must be sure to come no nearer the Shore then nine or ten fathom yet all alongst the Shore between Seaford and Arundel you shall find very fair shoaling especially as far as Shoram you must stand to the Shore to seven or eight fathom and good ground for to anchor in if occasion require but to the westwards of that it is flat off the Shore a league or two off you shall not in some places have above six or seven fathom and South off from Arundel East-barrow-head about six or seven mile from the Shore there lyeth a Bank called the East-barrow-head which dryeth at low-water on Spring-Tydes near upon the length of an Acre of Ground To avoid this danger if you are bound to the westwards from Shoram go S.S.W. into the Sea until you bring your self into eighteen fathom deep of Water and then you may boldly steer W. S. W. and that course in this depth will lead you without the Owers Owers you shall have fifteen fathom close by this Shoal from this to the Owers it is about two leagues W. S.
on which there is not above seven fathom in some places if any should meet with this Shoal coming into the Channel it would fright them for within a league to the westwards of it there is 30 fathom and upwards Directions for Piloting a Ship in at the East end of the Isle of Wight and to Portsmouth-Harbour and also for Hampton-Water If you come from the eastwards with a northerly Wind and bound into the Isle of Wight or Portsmouth after you are come to the westwards of the Shoal called the Owers as by the aforesaid directions you may hale in North-west with St. Hellens Point but do not cover to hale too much to the northwards for there lyeth a Bank off Long-stone Haven to the eastwards of the Horse that hath not above thirteen foot on it at low-water but keeping of your Lead in seven or eight fathom carryeth you clear without it and will bring you to the South-east end of the Sand called the Horse Horse St. Hellens Church South-west by West from you you may run in in five fathom and when you have brought the westermost great white Patch or Chalk upon Parch-Down which is the high Land to the northwards of Portsmouth a Ships length to the westward of South-Sea-Castle that standeth upon the Beach then you may be bold to luff up for you are then to the Westwards of the Horse and steering with that Mark it will lead you in alongst the Horse until you come unto the Beach and so into the Harbour of Portsmouth keeping alongst close to the Shore until you come to the Town Walls end and there you must bear off a little for a Flat that lyeth off from the Shore this is for an easterly Wind. And if you intend for Stokes-bay when you have brought the Fire-Beacons on Brown down which is to the W. N. Westwards of Hazle-Wood Point within a Ships length without the said Point then you may bear to the westwards alongst the out-side of the spit-Spit-head which is the Shoal that lyeth on the West side of the entry of Portsmouth-Haven If the Wind be westerly or southerly and that you are coming from the westwards and would go into St. Hellens-Road or Stokes-bay from Donnose to St. Hellens Point your course is North-east by North and N. N. E. but borrow no nearer to St. Hellens than six or seven fathom for the Spit lyeth off a great way but if it be clear Weather that you may keep the Castle called Sand-down-Castle open of the Culver-Cliff that Mark will lead you without the Spit of the Point and steering alongst in this Mark until you open St. Hellens Church some four Sayls breadth or two Ships length open of the Red Cliff within St. Hellens Point or Port-Sea-Castle to the eastwards of South-Sea-Castle then are you clear of the Point and may steer unto St. Hellens Road North-west and having brought the Point South by West or between that and the South by East you may anchor in seven or eight fathom very good ground Note this That you have no good clear ground all alongst the Island until you have opened St. Hellens Church as above-said and have brought the Point to bear from you S. S. W. from St. Hellens Point to go between Nomans-Land and the Herse your direct course in is North-west by North and North-west but you have no shoaling upon the South-west side on Nomans-Land for you shall have sixteen fathom and the next cast but three But at the Horse you may stand in ten nine or eight fathom if the strong Tyde be bent and smooth water you shall have a great washing of them by the Overfall of the water or the washing of them both but especially on Nomans-Land if it be clear Weather there are very good marks to lead you in which is as followeth Keep the two Wind-mills on the Downs on the Isle of Wight that you may see them clear over all the Trees that are between you and them but no more above them then even clear and this Mark will lead you in and so up alongst the Island without some Middle-ground that lyeth to the W. S. Westward of the Point of Nomans-Land Also from St. Hellens Point you have if it be clear Weather that you can see it a direct Mark viz. a piece of an old Castle heretofore called Hazle-Wood-Castle standing on Gilkeker Point which of late is kept white keep Gosbere Church and that both in one or this Mark in the middle of the Wood about the Church which sheweth with a Valley like a Saddle and so you may run directly in without fear or if the Wind be so that you are forced to turn in then you may turn the said Mark within two Sayls breadth of each end of the Wood in the middle of the Channel you shall have eighteen fathom Water and if so be that you bring the said Mark right under the North end of the Wood you shall run in a Middle-ground near the Horse that hath not above ten foot on it at low-water and hard Sand. The thwart Mark of Nomans-Land The thwart Mark of the northermost point of Nomans-Land is the eastermost Wind-mill upon the Isle of Wight right over the middle of the Valley that is next to the North-westwards of the Point to the Northwards of St. Hellens Church and having brought this Mill on the West side of the said Valley you may be sure you are to the westward or with Nomans-Land and may steer alongst the Island towards Stokes-bay or the Cows If you will anchor in Stokes-bay Marks to anthor in Stocks-bay bring South-Sea Castle over the Point of the Beach of Gilkeker for your longst Mark and the Church of Gosper open between the Trees there you shall have very good ground and twelve fathom deep If the Wind be westerly that you are forced to turn up to Stokes-bay or the Cows you may stand over to the spâ—t-Spâ—t-head into nine eight or seven fathom and towards the Isle of Wight into six or seven fathom but between Nomans-Land and Ridde you shall meet with two or three Middle-grounds on which you shall have three fathom at low-water and then six fathom and over the other two three fathom and the like depth between them and so to the Southward of them you shall have six fathom not far from the dry Owze off Ridde but upon the northermost Middle-ground of these three upon one place of it there is not above thirteen foot at low-water The thwart mark to run upon the height of it is the westermost white patch of Parch-down right over Hazle-Wood-Castle and when you are so far to the westwards that you have brought the Grove of Trees on Parch-down to the eastwards of the aforesaid white Patch right over Hazle-Wood-Castle then you shall have three fathom over it at low-water but if you anchor near the East Point there you shall have deeper Water and cannot set sayl to go out so well against
Dartmouth standeth a white Spire Steeple called Fackman which is a very good Mark to know Dartmouth by The Start lyeth from Dartmouth South-west Start about three or four leagues Under the Point of the Start at the East side is a good Road for westerly Winds betwixt the Point and a Church that standeth on the High-Land in ten or eleven fathom so that the Point lyeth South-west from you A little to the eastward of the westermost Point of the Start lyeth a Haven called Salcomb Salcomb when you come from the West it sheweth it self open the West side of it is ragged and the East side is sloping down Close to the West Point lyeth a range of Rocks therefore you must give it a good Birth and leave the Rocks on the Larboard-side further you may see all Breaks that may do you hurt being within you need not fear either of the Shoals Upon the Bar or Shoals of the entry remaineth at low-water and Spring-tydes not less than eleven foot but within it is at least three fathom To sayl into Plymouth Seven leagues to the westward of the Start lyeth Plymouth-Sound Plymouth at the eastermost East Point of the Sound lyeth a high round Rock called Mawstone Mawstone Between it and Ram-head lyeth the said Sound N.N.E. it being round and deep A little to the northward of Ram-head is a fair Sand-bay where you may anchor close under the Land in nine or ten fathom Two leagues South a little easterly from ram-Ram-head Eddy-stone lyeth a Rock above water called Eddy-stone The Point of Plymouth lyeth from Eddy-stone North by East and N.N.E. distant about four leagues In the Sound by the Land of Plymouth lyeth a little Island called Sir Francis Drakes Island which is fast to the West side with a Riff or Range of Rocks under-water so that you must sayl alongst to the eastwards of it whether you are bound unto Cat-water or into Hamose which is the West Harbour To sayl into Cat-Water If you will go into Cat-water Cat-water then run in betwixt the Island and the Point on the East side in with the Land of Plymouth until you see Cat-water open on the Starboard of you go then into the Eastwards betwixt the Point of Plymouth and the Point on the Starboard-side leaving most part of the Channel on the Starboard-side until you come within the Point and anchor there right against the high steep Northern Land there is at low-water with extraordinary Tydes four and five fathom When you sayl into Cat-water you must take heed by giving a good birth to the southern Point of the entry for there lie off the foresaid Point a Ledge of Rocks under-water about 2 Cables length off from the Land Upon the Point of the Ledge lyeth a Buoy where is at half-flood about twelve foot water which Buoy you must leave on your Starboard-side going in and when you have Cat-water altogether open you may run in to the eastwards leaving in the entry of the Harbour two thirds of the Channel on the Starboard-side as before is said because the South Shore is somewhat flat off there leaving a sandy Bank which reacheth to the second Point of the South Shore of Cat-water A little to the eastward of Drakes Island lyeth a Rock under water upon which is at low-water not deeper than two fathom For to sayl within the Land you may go to the eastward or westward of the Rock according as occasion shall serve If you will sayl unto Hamose to the westward of the Rocks Hamose then take the sounding of the Land in four or five fathom at low-water and run so by it until that Fishers-Village lying to the northwards a little within the Land come in the West side of the Valley on the North Shore then are you to run through between the Island and the Rock and to the westward of the Rock upon the Land of Plymouth within the Island standeth a Wall or Hedge when you see it end-wayes and the Chappel of the aforesaid Village cometh to the North side of the Valley and Cat-water cometh open then do you run over the Rock between the Island and the Main then may you anchor in 12 and 13 fathom If you sayl into Hamose you must run between the Island and the Land of Plymouth and then run in the midst of the Channel between the two Lands until the Entry of Hamose be open then run into the northwards as the Channel leadeth until you come in about the West Point and anchor there in 16 15 and 12 fathom in the Narrow is 15 16 17 and 20 fathom between the Island and the Main 8 9 and 10 or 12 fathom From ram-Ram-head West by South five leagues lyeth Foy and betwixt them on the Coast lyeth a little Island a little to the eastward of Talland-Point thwart of West-Loee called Loee-Island you may anchor to the eastward of the Island in 5 or 6 fathom To sayl into Foy. Foy is a broad Haven where a Ship may go in at half-flood at the East side of the Haven standeth a little Church with a Steeple and on the West side a great white Church with a square Steeple To sayl into Foy you must have at least half-flood and run in amidst the Channel betwixt the two Points and being come within them chuse which side you will but the most water is by the West-Land between the Stakes and the Square Steeple being come within the Stakes as you come in by the Land then bear somewhat off presently from the West Shore almost into the middle of the Channel nearest to the West shore until you come before the Village that lyeth on the West side where is a deep Dock in which Ships that draw 16 foot may lie afloat at low-water in the said Dock may four Ships lie If when you come by the East-Land you desire to be in the aforesaid Dock or Pool then sayl in until you come within the Stakes and then edge over off from the East-Land until you come nearest the West-Land for to avoid a Flat which lyeth by the East Shore alongst the Haven which beginneth against the first House of the West Village If it should happen that you could not lead it in with a Sayl then let fall your Anchor without the Stakes and warp in with Hausers until you come unto the aforesaid Pool You may also sayl so far in that you may see a Wall on the West side of the Haven where lyeth a Village behind it a Ships length to the southward of that Wall it is good lying by the East-Land being moored by four Cables there a Ship may ride afloat that draweth sixteen foot water You may also sayl further in along by that Swatch that lyeth on the West side where in the Mill standeth but come not too near the North Point of the Swatch for by it lyeth a Rock under-water being past that you may moor your Ship
down Salcomb The Start Thus sheweth the Land to the eastwards of the eastermost Point of the Start towards Salcomb when you sayl by it Plymouth N.N.W. The Start N.N.W. Thus sheweth the Start and the Land to the westwards of Plymouth when the Start is N.N.E. about two leagues and Plymouth Sound N.N.E. five or six leagues Mawstone The Start Thus sheweth the Land between the Start and Plymouth Sound when you sayl by it Thus sheweth the High-land to the eastwards of Plymouth Maker-Church Thus sheweth the Land of Ramhead to the northwards of it when you sayl into Plymouth-Sound The Deadman Ramhead Thus sheweth the Deadman and the Land to the eastwards of it when you are thwart of the Deadman 4 leagues from the Shore The Deadman when you are thwart it Thus sheweth the Land to the eastward of Falmouth when you sayl by it a league from the Shore Lizard Falmouth Deadman Thus sheweth the Land between the Deadman and the Lizard Thus sheweth the Lizard when you sayl by it Lizard Hilford Falmouth Thus sheweth the Land betwixt the Lizard and Falmouth when you are below Falmouth Thus sheweth the Lizard when it is five or six leagues East by North from you Mounts Bay The Lizard Thus sheweth the Lizard being East from you four or five leagues Thus sheweth the Land betwixt the Lizard 〈◊〉 the Lands-end when the Lizard lyeth East by North and Mounts-bay North from you Lands-end N.N.W. Mounts-bay N.E. by N. and N.N.E. Thus sheweth the Lands-end and the Land to the eastwards of it when it is N.N.W. and Mounts-bay N. E. and N.N.E. from you Thus sheweth the Lands-end when you come in right with it out of the Sea Thus sheweth the Lands-end being East from you East The Lands-end of England Thus sheweth the Lands-end when it beareth South-east by South seven or eight leagues from you and the round Hill to the northwards of the East then you may see the low Land betwixt them both Thus sheweth Silly being E.N.E. from you Thus sheweth Silly being South-east from you Thus sheweth Silly being East five or six leagues from you Thus sheweth Silly being South-west from you Of the Tydes and setting of the Currents As also what Moon maketh High-Water In Dartmouth or Torbay a West by South Moon maketh high-water Thwart the Start in the Channel a W.N.W. and S.S.E. Moon From the Start to Portland in the midst of the Channel the Flood falleth E.N.E. and the Ebb W.S.W. Thwart of Dartmouth by the Land the Flood falleth North-east by North and the Ebb South-west by South Thwart of Torbay towards Exmouth in the Bay the Flood falleth North east by North and the Ebb S. S. W. In Plymouth and Foy a West by South and East by North Moon maketh high-water Thwart of Foy in the Channel an E. S. E. Moon To the Sea-board of Falmouth an East by South but in Falmouth-Haven an East by North Moon At Helford and at the Lizard by the Land an E.S.E. and W.N.W. Moon maketh high-water From ram-Ram-head to the Start by the Land within the Eddy-stone the Flood falleth E.S.E. and the Ebb W. N. W. From the Dead-man to ram-Ram-head the Flood falleth E.N.E. and the Ebb W.S.W. From the Lizard to the Dead-man north-North-east and south-South-west In the Channel between the Lizard and the Start thwart of Foy. the Flood falleth East by North and the Ebb West by South In what Depths you may make the Land The Start and the Land of Dartmouth may be seen in 45 fathom When you have the high Land of Plymouth North from you you may see it in 50 fathom it is high double Land and sheweth it self in two Hills that same double high Land within the Land you may see it from thwart of Foy until you come thwart of Dartmonth The Dead-man you may see in 24 fathom off from the Lizard to the Start The Lizard you may see in 55 fathom there the Ground is white If you go from the Lizard either Southerly Easterly or Westerly it is as easie to be known for if you go Southerly you will deepen the water and come into mattered Ground after ten leagues if you go Westerly you will keep Sand st ll having deeper Water and finer Sand if you go Easterly you will have shoaler Water and grosser Sand. If you be thwart of the Start three leagues from the Shore you will have 35 fathom sandy Ground mixt with dust black like beaten Pepper The Start being North-west or thereabouts and you sayling E. N. E. or East by North you will have sandy Ground and shoaler Water Courses and Distances From Portland to St. Paul de Lyon South-west by South 40 leagues From Portland to ushant S. W. 53 leagues From Portland to Exmouth W.N.W. 13 leagues From Torbay to Dartmouth West somewhat southerly 3 or 4 leagues From Dartmouth to the Start S.W. 3 leagues From Portland to Torbay West somewhat southerly 13 or 14 leagues From Portland to Dartmouth West by South sixteen leagues From Portland to the Start W. S. W. Westerly 19 leagues From the Start to the Caskets E.S.E. 21 leagues From the Start to the Seven-Isles South by East somewhat easterly 24 leagues From the Start to St. Paul de Lyon South by West southerly 27 leagues From to Start to ram-Ram-head W. N. W. 8 leagues From ram-Ram-head to Love-Island W.S.W. 3 leagues From Love-Island to Foy West 2 leagues From Foy to the Dead-man South-west and South-west by West 5 leagues From the Dead-man to Falmouth West by South and W.S.W. 4 leagues From Falmouth to the Lizard South by West 4 leagues From the Start to the Eddy-stone West or a little Northerly 7 or 8 leagues From the Eddy-stone to ram-Ram-head North a little westerly 2 leagues From ram-Ram-head to the Dead-man W.S.W. 8 leagues From the Dead-man to the Lizard S.W. 6 leagues From the Start to the Lizard West by South 20 or 21 leagues From the Lizard to Garnsey East by South 37 leagues From the Lizard to the Seven Islands South-east by South 31 leagues From the Lizard to ushant South 29 leagues From the Lizard to Cape de Finisterre South-West 153 leagues The same course goeth about five leagues without the Cape From the Lizard to Teneriff S.S.W. 466 leagues From the Lizard to Tercera 386 leagues Latitudes  deg min. Torbay 50 42 Dartmouth 50 37 The Start 50 27 Ram-head 50 34 Falmouth 50 22 Lizard 50 10 A Tyde Table for the Channel between England and France from the Island of Silly unto the North-Foreland shewing what Moon maketh the highest Water upon the Coast and in the Harbours and how the Tyde doth set and how long it doth run to the eastward in the Channel The Names of the Ports or Head-Lands What Point the Moon is upon to make a full Sea in these Places Upon what Point of the Compass the Tyde sets to the eastwards in the Channel thwart of these Places How the Tyde sets in the Channel 4 5 or 6 leagues
Knock-John having a small swatch that runs through betwixt them dividing them into two Sands but is not fit for ships to pass through This Sand dries in several places and is half and three quarters of a mile broad East-Barrows The East-barrows is the North-east part of the whole Barrows-sand and lies down from the North-east end of the West-barrows North-east by East about four miles in two several Sands one at the end of the other the South-west end of them tayling upwards Beatings of this Sand. On the North-west side of the North-east end of the West-barrows is a small swatch passing between them also between the two East-barrows there is a swatch where small Vessels that are acquainted do pass through both these Sands fall dry at low-water and are in length about four miles the South side of these two Sands is steep the North-west more bolder yet something steep The North-east end of these doth bear from the Naze South by East ten miles distant The Channel betwixt this and the Heaps is a mile broad in which you have 7 8 9 and 10 fathom water and in one place a cross Ridge lies thwart the Channel where there is but two and three fathoms West-Barrows The West-Barrows is the South-west part of the whole Barrows-sand there being some Swatches two third parts down to the North-eastwards that divides this Sand which makes it to be called the East and West-Barrows That part which is called the West-Barrows begins at the North-east end of the Mouse and lyeth down North-east and South-west it falls dry in several places at low-water and is steep too on both sides on the South-east side there is seven and eight fathom close to the Sand but on the North-west side you have ten eleven and twelve fathom close to it This Sand is in length six or seven miles and betwixt it and the Shivering-sand you have in the middle nine ten and eleven fathom this Sand dries in several places amongst all these Sands it flows South by East The Mouse The Mouse is a Sand that lyeth from the Body of the Oaze-edge North-east about a mile between them is a Channel where is seven or eight fathom water and lower down to the eastward there is nine or ten fathom A Draught of the SANDS CHANNELS BUOYES BEACONS AND SEA-MARKS upon the Coast of ENGLAND From the Southforeland to Orfordness Discovered by Capt gilbert Crane and Capt Tho Browne elder Bretheren of Trinity House The Sea Coast Survâ—â—ghed by Ionas Moor Esquire Published by the Special License and Aprobation of his Royal Highness the DUKE OF YORK Made and Sold by John Seller Hidrographer to the Kings most Excellent Majesty in Wapping London This Sand is between three and four miles long and half a mile broad being steep too on both sides It lies in length E. N. F. and W. S. W. and joyns to the West-Barrows only a small Swatch runneth betwixt them The North-east end of this Sand bears N. N. W. 〈…〉 two miles and a half from the South-west of the Shivering-sand A Description of the Sands Shoals Rocks and Dangers upon the South Coast of England between Dover and Silly The Vane or Ripraps THE Vane or Ripraps is a Bank that lyeth a little to the southwards of the Heads of Calice and Dever some-what nearer to the French-Coast it is but narrow but in length it is four leagues lying about N. N. E. and S. S. W. and so windeth it self southerly toward the Land of Bulleyn bearing West by South from Calice-Cliff and South by East from Dover The North-eastermost end is the shoalest not having more than nine 10 or 11 foot at low-water On both sides of this Bank as well to the eastwards as the westwards thereof you will have 20 22 23 and 24 fathom water betwixt this Bank and the Land lyeth also two or three Shoals but not very dangerous having three fathom and a half or four fathom at low-water Easterborrough-Head South of Arundel about six or seven miles Easterborrough-Head lyeth a Bank called Easterborrough-head which dryeth at low-water and at Spring-tydes about a furlong being Rocks and Shindles To avoid this danger if you be bound to the southward from Sborum run S. S. W. into the Sea until you get eighteen fathom and then you may steer boldly W. S. W. and that course will lead you without the Owers also close by this Shoal you will have fifteen fathom from this to the Owers it is almost two leagues W. S. W. come no nearer than in twelve or thirteen fathom and that depth will carry you without the Owers A Ledge of Rocks Between Easterborrough and the Owers lyeth a Ledge of Rocks on which there is not above six foot at low-water This Ledge is half a league to the North-west from easterborrough-Easterborrough-head The Owers W. S. W. five leagues from Arundel Owers thirteen leagues West by South somewhat westerly from Beachy about four leagues to the eastwards of the Wight and half a league from the Shore lyeth the Owers being alwayes under water The thwart Mark is when Chichester Spire-steeple is N. N. W. Marks from you then are you thwart the souther side of it For a longst Mark set the Point of Dunness with your Compass it will bear direct West by South half southerly Dunness W.S.W. is right upon them To avoid the danger hereof if you be coming from the eastwards with a northerly wind be sure to keep in 18 fathom water or more also coming from the westward you must come no nearer than East by North keeping your self in the aforesaid depth Many have been deceived coming from Dunness which steered East by North and E. N. E. not regarding that the latter part of the tyde sets into the Isle of Wight which were brought on the Owers unexpectedly If you are acquainted with them you may sayl to the northwards between them and the Land The Black-Rocks From St. Hellens-point Black-Rock being the eastermost Point of the Isle of Wight runneth off a Riff E. N. E. two miles into the Sea called the Black-Rocks when Calver-Cliff is hid behind the North-east Point of the Island then are you within this Riff come no nearer it than in seven or eight fathom The Horse Within the foresaid Riff in the Fair-way Horse between the Island and the Main lyeth a Shoal called the Horse The Marks for it are when South-sea Castle and a square Steeple within the Land are both in one then are you thwart it The Mark to go clear Marks is to keep Portsmouth Castle on the West side of the Wood this Mark will carry you between the Horse and the Main on it at low water you will have but ten foot About it is good shoaling come therefore no nearer it than in five or six fathoms When St. Helens Church bears S.W. by West from you then the South-east end of the Horse bears North-east by North
a Bank whereon is two fathom betwixt the Head of Meyland and the same Bank men may run through in three sathom at half-flood under Calice-Cliff you may anchor in ten fathom but at the West end lyeth a Rock under water a Bow shot from the Land The Cliff The Cliff is the outer or westermost Bank and lyeth from Calice-Cliff N.N.E. about four leagues and a half and hath three fathom and a half water on it betwixt this and the Ruyting goeth a wide deep Channel of 23 and 24 fathom and lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. half easterly and S. S. W. half westerly and is in length almost three miles Ruyting The Ruyting is a Bank which lyeth from Calice-Cliff North-east by North about four leagues where you will have five or six fathom but on the South end is a Ridg of one fathom and a half this Sand lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. and S. S. W. in length almost seven miles when the South end of Winoxberg cometh betwixt the two flat Steeples to the westward of Dunkirk then are you thwart of the Ridg Also there standeth three or four Mills to the eastwards of Dunkirk when the outermost cometh ever the East end of the Town then the Steeple of Dunkirk shall bear from you South-east five leagues this is a good mark for the said Ridge This Saud is very dangerous because it lyeth in the Fair-way Dike The Dike is a Bank that lyeth from Calice-Cliff North-east nine miles the depth of water on it is four and five fathom upon the South and North end of this Bank are Ridges on the southermost is but one fathom and lyeth upon the Marks of Wynoxberge about North-west somewhat westerly from Dunkirk on the northermost there is about four fathom and two foot and lyeth N. W. from the Cloyster Tenduynen it lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. and S. S. W. in length four leagues and a half Rattle The Rattle is a Bank which lyeth from Calice-Cliff North-east by East and hath 3 4 and 5 fathom water on it on the South end is a Ridge where you have but one fathom at low-water at Spring-tydes these Ridges fall dry Between this and the Dike goeth a Channel of twelve fathom to the northward until you are against the Ridge hereof then you will have 9 4 7 and 17 fathom then are you clear of it Betwixt it and Broad-bank goeth a great Channel of 19 and 20 fathom in all the Channels betwixt the said Banks you may turn to windward from one Bank to another and anchor betwixt them where you will this Bank lyeth in the Sea N. N. E. and S. S. W. in length four leagues being about four and three quarters distant from Calice-Cliff Broad-Bank The South end hereof lyeth from Calice-Cliff N. E. by East three leagues three quarters and hath a Ridge on the South end where there is but half a fathom at low-water this Bank lyeth in the Sea North-east and South-west being in length five leagues on the S. W. end you have 5 7 and 8 fathom and on the N.E. end 1 1 and a half 2 2 and a half 3 4 and 5 fathom from the S. side which is convex runneth off a Spit E.N.E. 3 miles whereon is but 1 and a half and 2 fathom the N.E. end lyeth from Newport West by North 4 leagues and a quarter and from the Cloyster of Tenduynen North-west by North three leagues and a half When Graveling is South-East from you then are you thwart of the South end of the foresaid Banks and when Newport is South-east by East then are you thwart of the North end of them Splinter The Splinter is a Bank which runneth off from the wester Head of Dunkirk two leagues long which falleth dry at low-water in many places you may sayl behind this Bank by the shore from the westward almost to the westward Head of Dunkirk and there may anchor in 5 6 7 and 8 fathom about half a league from the westward Head there runneth a Channel through the foresaid Bank where small Ships may pass through at high-water the West end lyeth from Graveling N. N. W. four miles Quade-Bank or Brake The Quade-Bank runneth off to the eastwards of the Head of Dunkirk at least two leagues to the westward ending thwart the Heads of Dunkirk to the eastward of the easter Head you may anchor behind the Bank sheltered for a North-west a North and Northeast Winds you have two fathoms there at low-water but in the coming in it is shoaler before the Havens Mouth of Dunkirk is nine and ten fathom and to the westward of the wester Head 6 7 and 8 fathom from thence men may run over the small Bank in three fathom and come against the Broad-bank North-Cames North-Cames is a Bank which lyeth near the North end of the Brakes and lyeth from Dunkirk N. N. E. about a league being in length two miles whereon you will have but two foot at low-water but on the East side 7 8 and 9 fathom Cames The Cames is a Bank whereon there are many Ridges which have but 2 fathom at low-water you may run through between the Land and this Bank in 8 9 10 fathom and may ride theâ—e for all winds it lyeth from Dunkirk North-east four miles and from the Sâ—â—â—es one mile Brewers-Bank The Brewers-Bank is triangular and lyeth thwart of the Cloyster Tenduynen W. N. W. from the shore about a league in the Sea when the said Cloyster lyeth South from you then are you at the innermost part hereof you may run through between the Land and this Bank in four fathom and low-water but men do run commonly about to the westwards of it when they sayl through within the Banks alongst the Coast of Flanders Small-Bank On Small-bank you have but two three and four fathom at low-water and lyeth without the Cames and Brewers-bank about a mile and half and from the shore a league it lyeth in the Sea North-east by East and South-west by West in length almost two leagues it lyeth from Dunkirk North. Stone-Bank When the Cloyster of Tenduynen beareth from you South-east then are you thwart of the Stone-Bank or the Ridge which is on the middle of it whereon there is but three foot at low-water and sometimes falleth dry at Neap-tydes this Bank lyeth from the shore about five miles and hath on the East side a Hook which lyeth to the eastwards running to nothing almost against Newport on it you have three fathom in the Channel between this and the Small-bank there is 7 8 and 9 fathom between the South-west end of this and the Broad-bank from which it is distant about a mile runneth also a Channel of 6 7 8 9 and 10 fathom Call-Bank Call-bank of some called Small-bank which lyeth alongst by or without the Stone-bank almost a league betwixt them is a Channel of 7 9 and 10 fathom without it you have a Channel of 8 10 12 and 14 fathom
avoid which Keep East-Chappel and Middleborrough one in the other which mark will carry you clear New-Sand New-sand lyeth from the West part of Schowen half a mile from the shore and runneth off W. N. W. five mile between Banjaert and it runneth a Channel called the Velt half a mile broad where there is 1 and a half 2 and 3 fathom at low-water This Sand in some places will be dry at low-water The Hill The Hill is a Bank which lyeth on the North side of New-sand between which runneth a Channel called New-deep where you will have three and two fathom On this Bank there is but 6 and 8 foot Ourust Ourust is a triangular Sand the East corner whereof is distant from the West side of North-Beveland about the third part of a mile the West corner lyeth from the Buoy of the Little Sand called the Shoots-man half a mile on the North corner which runneth out into the Channel called the Room-pot there lyeth a Buoy in 1 fathom and a half water on the side of this Sand half a mile distant one from the other lyeth two other Buoys to direct men which go up the Channel This Sand is dry in many places The Shoots-man The Shoots-man is a little Sand which lyeth on the East side of Walcheren being distant from Terveer about a mile and is two mile in length lying close by the Shore on the North-west end there lyeth a Buoy from which to the Point of Walkeren there lyeth three others South-east by South and North-west by North one from the other These Buoys lie in four and six fathom water The Laegten The Laegten is a Sand which lyeth between Schowen and Goeree on the South side thereof lyeth 3 Buoys East and West one from the other the West end where of is distant from the Hill about a mile and half The mark for this end Is to keep Rimse on the Cliff of Weolsack and it will carry you through clear of the said end between which you will have 17 18 19 and 20 fathom to go clear of the corner at the east-East-head the Buoys are sufficient marks which course will also carry you clear the West end and also of the Hill in some places of this Sand you will have but three and four fathom in other places 11 and 12 fathom This Sand is in length two leagues and a half bending to the northward both sides being steep too having within 12 and 14 fathom and without 12 14 and 16 fathom Springer Springer is a Bank which all times is almost dry and joyneth on the West side to the Laegten from the South-east side runneth out a tayl two mile into the Sea the point whereof is distant from the mouth of Browers-Haven North-west almost three mile The Mark to go clear of it Is to bring Ziericzea and East-street which is a House to the westward of Browers-Haven both in one and will lead you in the best of the Channel where you will have 10 20 and 24 fathom but if you go within between Schownen and it keep the Town of Bomment East by South which will carry you directly to the westermost Buoy within the Laegten Keet-werf Keet-werf is the westermost point of the Land Geeree from which runeth off a small tayl four mile into the Sea called West-head being distant from Laegten not above half a mile it is steep too having seven and eight fathom close to it The Mark for the Point of it Is to bring Ziericzea on the West end of a Wood. which will carry you clear of it The Hinder The Hinder is a crooked Sand which lyeth on the North side of the Goeree bending with the Land in some places distant above a mile in other some less where you will have at the eastermost point 18 fathom and in the Channel 20 30 40 and 50 fathom it is in length two leagues and a half on the East end you have but two fathom but the farther to the West the deeper water at the West end you will have twenty fathom West-Plat West-Plat is a Shoal that runneth out from the West end of Voeren about four mile into the Sea being distant from the Hinder about two thirds of a league on it there is but 3 5 and 10 fathom the Channel between it and the Hinder is 9 10 and 12 fathom The marks for it Is to keep the Steeple of Quack just open of the Land and it will carry you through in the best of the Channel The Broad-fourteens The Bread-fourteens so called by reason of the breadth and depth of water upon it which in most places is 14 fathom it joyneth with the Land beginning at Scheveling and runneth off W. N. W. almost five leagues then N. W. by North nine leagues from thence N.E. by North 23 leagues which is the very point of it where you have 18 fathom which lyeth from the Texel 8 leagues it extendeth it self from Scheveling on the Coast northward 5 leagues or within a league and half of Santâ—â—â—rt from which it runneth with a concavity to the said point The Hard Outer-Rib Small-acht These are three small Sands which run into the Bread-fourteens the Hard is a little to the northward of Stantvoort and runneth off South-west six leagues whereon you have 3 5 7 and 8 fathom the Rib and Small-acht and it are parallel one to the other Small-acht beginning at Egmont-zee and runneth off into the Broad-fourteens distant from the Outer-Rib about four miles between these Sands the Channel is 6 7 8 and 10 fathom Reysers-Plat Keysers-Plat is a Sand which lyeth a league from the West end of the Texel on which side there lyeth five Buoys to direct men through the Channel called the Spaniard Channel called the Slenk near the Texel through the middle hereof goeth a Channel called the Slenk which is very narrow wherein you have 27 fathom in the said Channel there lyeth fix Buoys that Sand which is on the other end of this Channel reacheth within a mile or less of the Land of Holland between goeth a Channel called Sand-deep wherein there is three Buoys this Sand is steep too for without it you have 48 fathom and at the N. W. corner 90 within it is 30 and 33 fathom Vogel-Sand Vogel-sand lyeth between the Texel and Wieringen being two leagues broad the North side is distant from the Texel a mile and half on the North corner lyeth a Buoy to direct you through the Channel where you will have 70 80 and 90 fathom on the N.E. side standeth three Beacons by which you will have 40 and 50 fathom from the Ness-beacon this Sand runneth South five mile to the Uliter-beacon from which it runneth West to Repel-beacon being four great mile from which it runneth N. N. W. four miles and a half and from thence E.N.E. three mile which is the Buoy beforesaid which Buoy lyeth from the eastermost point of the Texel S.S.E. a mile and half Schieringhalls
the North-east end is the going up the Weser where lyeth three Buoys and on the North-west end standeth a Beacon The Hooge The Hooge is a great Flat which joyneth to the Land of Languarden being seven mile in breadth running from the said Point North-west four leagues where it endeth with a Tayl called Smits-tayl on the North side hereof lyeth many Buoys which is the Weser-Channel Weser and in this side are many Swatches The South-Grounds The South-Grounds are great Flats which lie in all alongst the Coast of Reydinger-Land in some places distant from the Shore about four leagues on the South-west side of it goeth up the Weser this is called Black-ground on the North-west side called Witteground whereon goeth many Swins or Channels viz. Broad-Channel the South Channel of Wester-Till the North-broad Channel of Easter-Till on the North-side called New-work-ground by it goeth in the Channel called the Elve 〈◊〉 2. where lie many Buoys to direct you up Here also runneth in another Swin called Emder-Channel Lâ—â—derhaeuicl about a league from the North-west point hereof lyeth a small Sand called Middle-sand at the North-west end of it lyeth a Buoy which is distant from the middle-buoy on Rode-sand about two mile between which goeth in the Channel of the Weser North-Ground North-Ground lyeth on the North side of the Elve from the South side hereof runneth off a Sand called Vogel-sand West five leagues into the Sea on the Tayl thereof you will have first three fathom and a half then five afterwards seven eight nine and ten fathom On the South side goeth in the Elve on the North side the North-Elve From the West side hereof a Flat called the North-Ground whereon there is seven and eight fathom on the South side of this Sand lyeth also a Shoal called New-ground having a Buoy at the West end of it between the North-Ground and the Shore lyeth a great Shoal running off from the Shore at least two leagues the North-east corner of the North-Ground is distant from Busen a mile Hodemer-Sand Iseren Hendrick and Blavoort Hodemer-sand lyeth on the North side of North-Ground between which goeth a small Channel called the Pype on the East side there is another small Channel called the Pype going into the Elve on this side of the Sand standeth two Beacons on the North side hereof lyeth a Sand called Iseren-Hendrick between these goeth the Channel called the North-Pipe from the said Hendrick runneth off a Sand to the westward called Blavoort beging in length four mile and a half from this runneth off a Tayl West 3 leagues whereon there is two and three fathom and is called the Tayl of the Plaet Blavoort on the North side hereof runneth in the Channel of the Eyder Eyâ—â— where lie Booys to direct you through Ballast-Plaet Ballast-Plaet runneth off from Schulper-Zill into the Eyder-Channel on the North-east side whereof standeth three Beacons from whence it runneth alongst the Coast of Ditmarschen until you come to Busen in which there are many Swins on the West corner standeth a Beacon and on the North-west side lie three Buoys New-Ground or Broad-Rug New-ground is a Sand which lyeth on the North side of the Eyder-Channel on the South-west side whereof stand four Beacons from the eastermost Beacon called the Hulk to the westermost Beacon of the Ballast-Plaet the course is East by North a mile between this Sand and the Shore goeth a small Channel the westermost end hereof is called Broad-Rug New-Grounds New-grounds are three Sands which lie on the West side of Eyder-land not above three Cables length from the Shore at Ebb between these and the southermost goeth a Channel called Oudeland-deep Oudeland-deep in the northermost is a small Island called Utto these Sands lie off in the Sea two leagues The Quade The Quade is a Sand which lyeth on the South side of the Hever distant from East-Hever West by North five mile on this Sand standeth two Beacons on the South side of this Sand goeth in a Channel South-Channel called South-Channel East three mile from this lyeth a Sand with two other Beacons on it Nuval Elan and Gorde Nubal Elan and Gorde are broken Grounds which lie about the Island Strant from which there runneth out Shoals on every side of the said Island The Voren The Voren is a Shoal which encompasseth the Island Ameren and St. Jans making a Channel between them and Strant called Small-deep on the North-cast side thereof runneth another small Channel which is caused by a Shoal which runneth off from the Shore on the North side of which runneth up a Channel to Luck-Tonderen Silter-Riff Silters-Riff runneth off from the South Point of the Island Silt running off S. S. W. four leagues on the East side of it runneth the Channel called Silter-deep Silte-deep on the North end of the Island lyeth four A Chart of FLANDERS Between Calm and Walcheren will all the sands and shoals upon that coast by John Seller Hydrog Regiis A Chart of the SANDS CHANNELS BUOYES BEACONS AND SEA-MARKS upon the coast of ENGLAND From Dover to the Northwards of Orfordness by John Seller Hydrographer to the King Sands between them and the Land goeth up Land-deep there goeth up also another Channel called New-deep Rust and the Land being on one side and the Maker Berling-sand and Haef-sand on the other Coer-Sand and Iurt-Sand This Sand reacheth on the Coast from Ripen to Lutke Tondo running off so far until it encompasseth the Island Mann and Rem between which Islands on the Sand standeth a Beacon Phann Knuts Phanu-Knuts is a Shoal from the North-west Head of Phanu by which goeth in a Channel called Graeuwdeep on the North side of which Channel near the Point of Langeleg Wisdick lyeth a small Sand called VVisdycksand Also at the South end of the Island Phanu betwixt Manu and it wherein there is some broken ground on the South side of this Sand lie two Buoys within Phanu on the Shore of Jutland from Ripen to holm-Holm-head running a mile from the Shore Riefhorn Rief-born runneth off from Horn from whence it taketh its name West by South eighteen leagues whereon you have three four and five fathom a league to the northward of it lyeth another small Shoal seven leagues in length on the South side of it near the Shore lyeth a small Sand called Doel-sand Docl-sand on the North side close to the Shore lyeth another small Shoal called the Uyl Uyl Iutland-Riff Jutland-Riff is a great Shoal which runneth many leagues West by North into the Sea whereon you will have 10 12 16 18 20 fathom c. Directions for sayling into the Harbours and Channels on the Coast of Holland and Zealand from Ameland to the Weilings Shewing the Marks and Depths of Water for Piloting a Ship through any of them Ameland-Gat TWO leagues to the eastwards of the Schelling lyeth Ameland lying E. N. E. and W. S. W. 4 great leagues upon the
little more easterly or alongst the Texel-side in eight or nine fathom into the Capevaerden-Road The Wieringhen side is steep The Slenck In the Slenck used to lie six Buoys but the Sands are grown now so high that they have stopt the Passage Within the sixth Buoy it is wide enough to sayl from thence to the Helder E.S.E. To sayl into Land-deep To sayl out at the Land-deep Run alongst within a Bow-shot of the Foot-strand of Huysdown and about by the Heads and you shall not miss the innermost Buoy lying on the Shoals nearest the West Shore in 17 foot at high and 13 foot at low-water that shoaly place is not above two Ships length broad over it and also within it is deep enough Thwart of that Buoy shooteth of a Tayl from the Shore towards the Buoy therefore run close alongst by the Buoy and leave it on your Starboard-side in sayling out Besides that Buoy there lie three other Buoys in the Land-deep which you must leave all lying to Seawards of you and so run between them and the Shore when you are past the fourth Buoy you are past all the Shoals and you may sayl where you will To find the Land-deep coming from the Sea southwards You must sound the Shoal in 4 fathom and a half and running so by the Shore you shall sayl right with the outermost Buoy which done come no nearer the Shore else you sayl within the Tayl of Arrian-Bergers-Creek which shooteth off from the Shore to the South Sand-hill or else if you come from Sea with an open Wind then keep the great Cape upon Huysdown over Dirckâ—oms Sand-hill that is a round Sand-hill a little to the South of Kichdown but not so high and sayl so in right with it you shall then meet with the outermost bucy which lyeth at low-water in 4 fathom and a half near the wester Grounds Hakes or the Hakes leave it on the Larboard-side and run in alongst to the eastwards of it betwixt it and the Shore it lyeth most N. E. and N. E. by North in you can take no hurt on either side if you take heed to keep you in the Shore Thwart of the Kichâ—own or coming to the southwards of it you must edge a little from the Shore to avoid the Shoal which lyeth near somewhat from the Shore When you come to the second buoy then cometh the Mill to the northwards of Kickdown and at the third the Mill and Can-Nells-House come one in the other which two buoys lie in five fathom at low-water from the third to the innermost Buoy it is N. E. by East run close alongst to the eastward of it to avoid the foresaid little Tayl of Sand which thwart of it lyeth off from the Shore and then forth within a Bow-shot the Heads and so along by the Strand of the Holder To sayl into the Mase The Mase is at present a wide or broad Flat having little change of depth which may be sayled with all winds When the Wind is South regard the old Marks Marks that is coming from Sea before you see the Capes bring the Steeple of the Brill which is a stumpy Steeple E. S. E. from you or a little East or southerly after you have gotten the Cape bring them together and run on or if you bring the Brill Steeple a hand-spikes length northwards of the Tower of Oostveern and run on you shall then first run the buoy in sight lying in three fathom at low-water From this first buoy we sayl to the second and third buoys right upon the Capes The second buoy lies on 13 and the third upon 11 foot being there the Steeple of Goeree comes a little upon the foot-strand of the Land of the Brill The fourth buoy lyeth much alike with the third right upon the Capes though a little more southerly between these buoys the shallowest of the Mase is about 10 foot by the fourth buoy it begins to deepen with a common low-water it is about 11 foot deep but with a southerly or S. E. Wind it runs shallower from thence to the fourth buoy it is broad so that there we may sayl in a reasonable depth Below the Heydick or innermost Beacon it is much narrower The fifth buoy lyeth distant from the fourth E. N. E. and N. E. by East from the fourth buoy to the fifth southward along the buoys in the right Channel it is 14 15 16 and 17 foot deep and near the fifth buoy five fathom The sixth buoy lyeth from the fifth East by North in 12 foot there along the southward it is 5 and 6 fathom deep and is called the Pit coming then a little beyond the sixth buoy so cometh Maeslant-Sluce and Ulaerding-steeple together keep them so and run forwards till you bring the Old-Head of the Brill in the New-head then you may run to the Land of the Brill and so alongst the southwards till you come before the Brill where you may anchor now those that will run higher up the Mase let them run all alongst South-Wall till they be past the New Sluce let them chuse then the North Wall from the East end of Râ—â—senburgh there comes a Tayl off which you may under-sayl coming westwards if then when you are past the heads of the Swartwall you bring North the Brill-Steeple without or northwards these Heads but keep to the southwards you cannot under-sayl it but must run far about southwards Old-Mase Full eastwards of Heenvliet runs the old Mase in the Flood falls there very hard you must take heed that you be not deceived with the Terwasand that is a great flat Sand lying formost in the midst of the Old Mase that lies a great way dry at low-water and stretcheth with a long small Point westwards into the Mase To shun this take notice of a bush of Trees standing on the South-wall a little eastward of the Old Mase keep the Steeple of Roterdam northwards of that Bush so shall you not sayl over that Tarwe-sand but if you let the Steeple come southward of the Bush you shall surely strike upon the foresaid Tayl. Northward of the Tarwe-sand it is deep upon which you may sayl in the Old Mase even to Dort therein lie also 2 buoys he that will run upon the aforesaid Marks of Roterdam Steeple and the bush of Trees so long till the Steeple of the Brill comes together with a tiled House which stands upon the South side of the East end of Roosenburgh and keep that so standing so shall he not miss of the buoy being past the Old Mase you may sayl in the midst of the water beyond Vlaerding till you come to the five Sluces from thence you must chuse the South Wall and run along near unto it till you come over a small Sand or Bank where with low-water there is 11 or 11 foot and a half water the nearer you keep to the South Wall so much the deeper it is stretching cross
more From Flambrough-head to New-Castle the course is North-west or W.N.W. but if you keep the Shore the course is more northerly Directions for St. Nicholas-Gat and Yarmouth-Road From Alborough-bay your course to Yarmouth-sands is North by East and when you are thwart the South end of Holm-head you shall have 17 or 18 fathom water which is directly thwart of Leystaff and being past that you may borrow upon the Sand in 7 8 or 9 fathom water until you have brought Goulston-steeple which is the southermost Steeple of the two upon the North Peer of Yarmouth and steer with those Marks one over the other till you come to six or seven fathom water upon the Shore and then bearing to the northward anchor at the South end of Yarmouth or before as you shall think convenient in 6 7 8 or 9 fathom water from whence if you are bound to the northward and would go over Castorness steer alongst the 〈…〉 in 5 6 or 7 〈…〉 the back of the Barber-Sand 〈◊〉 you have brought the Light-houses one over another Cockle and then beaâ— within the Buoy of the Cockle borrowing upon the Main in 6 5 or 4 fathom until you come thwart of Winterton and that depth will lead you until you come within the Middle-ground that â—â—th not above twelve foot water And when you have brought Winterton Light-houses S.S.W. from you you may steer oâ—t N. N. E. until you come to 8 or 9 fathom water and then you may be sure you are without the Ness and may steer alongst the Coast or direct your course as you have the Wind. But if you be in Yarmouth Road with a Ship that draweth 17 or 18 foot water your best course is to go to the northward betwen the Cockle and Scroby Marks of the Channel are as follows You must bring the southermost round Tower of Yarmouth to bear with the two southermost Windmills To sayl between the Cockle Scrâ—ty and so run until you bring the said Tower open of the Mills the breadth of the Tower and so steer into the northward with that mark which will carry you out between the two Sands Also there is another nearer mark which is therefore better but they come all to one which is The Wind-mill that stands on the North-west part of the Town a little Sayls breadth to the westward of the North-west Tower of Yarmouth it sheweth like unto a Dove-house this mark will lead to the northwards and you shall not have less than six or seven fathom until you come to the Sea-heads which is a Shoal that lyeth thwart between the two Sands on which there is not above four fathom or four fathom and a half at low-water and when the Wind-mills come one upon another then you enter upon the South part of the Shoal which will continue without deepning or shoaling until Winterton-Church and the Light-house be one in the other and then you may presently come into deeper water and may steer away unto the northward North-west or North-west by West or North-west by North and this course shall carry you clear within the Rock that lyeth E.N.E. and W.S.W. from Winterton on which you shall not find fifteen foot at low-water in some places If you be coming from the northward and would go into this Channel follow this direction To the North-west of Haseborough you shall see a low flat Church keep that a Sayls breadth off Haseborough-Cliff and steering directly with this Mark will bring you into the Channel before mentioned Yarmouth-Road To bring you into Yarmouth-Road and to know the right Church when it is open and shut of the Cliff of Haseborough is this When Haseborough-Church doth bear North-west by West from you and steering away South-east by East will bring you into the Marks and Channel aforesaid and within all the Over-falls that lie short of Wintertenness From Winterton to Haseborough-Point the course is North-west three leagues From Haseborough to Cromar the Coast lyeth North-west and West by North and W.N.W. 3 or 4 leagues Thus sheweth the Land between Winterton and Cromer Winterton Mock-Beggers-Hall Thus sheweth the Land to the northwards of Winterton as far as Haseborough as you sayl by it Castor Haseborrough Thus sheweth the North Coast of England betwixt Yarmouth and Cromer when you sayl through within the Banks Castor Winterton Haseborrough Cromer These three Figures belong to each other The Land lyeth from Cromer to Bornham first W. N. W. and West by North and then West and West by South nine or ten leagues Thwart of Mock-beggars-Hall not far from the Shore lyeth a little Flat where no Ship can go over but you may come within six or seven fathom of it you may also run betwixt it and the Land in two fathom water To sayl into Blakney From Cromer unto Blakney it is two or three leagues At Blakney standeth a high Steeple which you may see alongst far over the Land when it cometh to the little Steeple then you have the first buoy of the Channel which lyeth at the South end of the Pole which is a Sand at the West end of the Channel of Blakney go from the first Buoy to the other and so alongst by them until you come within the Haven this is a Tyde-Haven and is dry at low-water To sayl into Wells Four leagues to the westward of Blakney lyeth Wells betwixt them both the aforesaid Shore Pole and Piper called the Pole and Piper There is a Shoal that lyeth far off from the Land at the West end of which goeth in the Channel of Wells The Beacons that you sayl by stand all alongst by the Piper when Hoebrom beareth E. S. E. from you and the Trees against the Steeple then you may sayl open into the Haven of Wells Directions for Lin-Deeps between Wintertonness and the spurn-Spurn-head From Wintertonness to flamborrough-Flamborrough-head the course is north-North-West and North-west by North as the wind is In which course when you come to the Well which is near about Blakney S.S.W. and South-west by South from you there you have divers Overfalls upon some of them there is not above 13 or 14 foot at low-water and are very short Knowls many men are of opinion that it is Land grown up about some Vessels that have been sunk as they were coming from New-Castle in Queen Elizabeths dayes and since so that it is very dangerous for a Ship that draweth 16 or 17 foot water to go through the Well for no man can shape a course to be certain to go through the Well escaping the Overfalls they being so many and lying so scattered in your course between Flamborrough and Winterton but in your W. N. W. and E. S. E. courses between the Spurn and Norfolk-Coast there is no fear of Overfalls for in that course you shall have eight or ten fathom a certain depth for three or four leagues together Between Wells and Bornham there lyeth a Bank you may ride under it in
fallen three foot An East and West Moon makes in Boston-deep the highest-water but before the Town an East by South and an E.S.E. Moon To sayl out of the Deep He that cometh from Boston and would sayl out through the Deep with an high-water let him look out for the aforesaid high Island within Legerness when that cometh behind Legerness then he may boldly set his course whither he intends either to the Eastward North-eastward or Northward there is nothing that can hurt you From Legerness to Humber is about seven leagues North and South between them about a league to the southward of Humber lyeth a place called Salt-fleet-Haven a little to the northward of a sharp Steeple called Wilgrip-steeple thwart of the aforesaid Salt-fleet-Haven about a mile from the Shore lyeth a Sand which at low-water falleth almost dry you must run without it and leave it towards the Land yet upon occasion you may venture to sayl within it Directions to sayl into Humber and so to Hull If you will go into Humber coming from the northward be sure to keep so far off the Spurn shore as that you may be in six or seven fathom water and that depth will lead you without the Stone-bank that lies a great distance from the Land and when you are so far that you have brought Patrington Church up to the Spurn then must you bear in West and West by North and W.N.W. This Church standeth up in the Bay to the N. N. W. of the Spurn having a high Spire Steeple being within the Spurn you may edge into the northward and ride very well with a North-east or E.N.E. Wind or steer West by North towards the buoy of the Sand called the Bull in seven or eight fathom water Bull. The thwart marks of the said buoy is a House upon the West end of the Cliff of Clayness and from thence to Grimsby-Road and anchor a little below the Beacon Grimsby-Road A Chart of the NORTH SEA By John Seller Hydrographer to the King And are to be sold at his shop at the Hermitage in Wapping THE River of Humber Described by Iohn Seller Hydrographer to the Kings most excellent Majestie THE RIVER OF TYNE Described by Iohn Seller Hydrographer to the Kings most Excellent Majestie Cum privilegio To sayl into Humber coming from the Southward If you are bound into Humber coming from the southward Then you must keep Patrington Spite Steeple open a Sayls breadth off the Point of the Spurn and steer in with that mark until you come to Burcum-beacon Sonk your course up towards Hull is N. N. W. or you may borrow off and on upon the Sonk which is a Sand that lyeth on the North side of the River almost as far down as the Spurn in four or five fathom water according as the Tyde is in height but between the Sonk and the Southward there lyeth many Banks and Over-falls but of a fathom or a fathom and a half water there are Shoals and Silver-pits in the Channel one of them is very dangerous which lyeth thwart the buoy of the Bull Bull. a little short of that and Burcum-beacon on which Bank or Middle-ground a New-Castle Ship was lost that drew not above thirteen foot water Therefore to avoid this be careful to keep the South-side but above Burcum-beacon there lyeth two or three Over-falls a good way off from the Shore if you come up so far as to bring Pauls Tower open of the red Cliff to the castwards then you are clear or about the tayl of the Sonk then you may steer right over with the Town of Paul and anchor there if you please near the Town but there runs a great Tyde When you come almost the length of the foul Holms which lyeth on the North side of Humber a little below Pauls high Cliff there is a Church which on the North side also you will see also you will see it a little open to the eastward of a little Wood and when you bring it within the East of the Wood you are then in the Narrow right thwart of them then run up W.N.W. until you bring the Town of Paul just open of the high Cliff then you may sayl over to the southward until you bring the Hall which hath a right white top right over the South Block-house and with these Marks you may run almost against the Town where you may anchor in five or six fathom water A Table of Soundings and Depths from the North-Foreland to the Northwards The Names of the Headlands How these Parts bear from you Leagues Fathom The Colour of the Ground North-Foreland West half a Point Southerly 5 27 Gravel black peppery Sand. North-Foreland North-West The Goodwin N. head dry 1 mile and a half 3 30 Brown Sand the north-North-head of the Goodwin bearing from you W.N.W. a mile and a half and some of the Sand within two thirds of a mile red owsie Sand blown Sand then will the North with the South-Poreland bear south-South-west from you  If N. W. by W. 3 31  North-Foreland West by North Or West by South 7 23 One cast fine Sand another shingly ground and standing thwart the Channel near thereabouts you will find Banks in 16 fathom fine Sand and between them 24 fathom groster ground North-Foreland W. S. W. 5 23 Small shingly Sand most part of it  W. S. W. 8 28 Black shingly ground no Sand. North-Foreland S. W. by W. 12 33 No Sand but sometimes small Perwinkles  S. W. by W. 9 30 The same ground is above in 33 fathom North-Foreland S. W. Westerly 10 31 Stremy ground blown Sand and some shells  S. W. Westerly 8 28 Shingly Ground with small black Sand. North-Foreland S. W. ½ South 8 18 Stony gross Ground not far from the Knock.  S. W. by S. 7 19 Shingly Ground as big as Beans N. Foreland And the Nase-land S.W. by S. southerly 9 14 Dirty soft ground which is a league to the northwards of the Long sand-head  S.W. by S. southerly 9 14  Orfordness N. N. W. 5 or 6 23 Dirty Clay thick owsie black at both these distances 5 and 6 leagues off shingly ground  N. W. by W. 11 28   W. N. W. 10 or 11 27 29 Shingly Ground with some Sand. Orfordness West by North. 11 29 Fine red gravelly Sand small shells   8 24 Fine peppery black Sand and some shells  West by South 10 28 Red gravelly Sand.   7 25 Shingly small stones and some shells Leystaff West 29 30 Fine white and black Sand.  West southerly 2½ 18 Gross Ground and stones as big as Beans Yarmouth West 8 29 Fine white Sand. Winterton West 8 28 Fine white Sand and some cast soft Owse What Moon maketh High-water at any of these Places At the North-Foreland a North and South Moon maketh high water within the Thames a South by East Moon maketh high-water before the Thames
in the midst of the Channel there is best lying for Ships that draw much water Four leagues South-west by South from Foy lyeth a Point called dead-mans-Dead-mans-head dead-mans- dead-mans-Dead-mans-head and two leagues to the westward of it lyeth the Haven of Falmouth dead-mans-Dead-mans-head is a double Land with a round Hill which to the westwards goeth sloping down towards the West end standeth a Mill a sharp spire Steeple and some little Houses upon the Lead a little to the westward of it you may see Pendennis-Castle upon a round Hommock on the high-Land this Land is easie to be known when you come from the West or from the Lizard Upon the West Point of the Haven of Falmouth Falmouth standeth a Castle upon the high-Land called Pendennis in the Entry nearest the said West side lyeth a great Rock above-water you may sayl in on either side of it at the inner side of the East Point lie also some Rocks off the Shore on the East side is deepest water and most room in going in therefore give the East Point a large Birth you will have seven or eight fathom St. Mauds Castle keep by the said Shore until you come within St. Mandes Castle When it is East from you you will have sixteen or seventeen fathom but half the Harbour over towards Smithick is but four or five fathom observe in your going in to keep the Manacles open and shut on the Point of Falmouth-Castle and so must you keep it till you shut the Church over Penny-Comquick into the North-east end of the Smithick and so may you bear over to St. Maudes and ride with the Castle East laying one Anchor in eighteen fathom and the westermost Anchor in four fathom as you see conveniency For to sayl to the westwards of the foresaid great Rock you must take the Soundings of the West-land which the Castle standeth upon in five or six fathom being somewhat within the Rock run towards the West-land to the westwards of the Rock in the Channel is six and seven fathom at half-flood but in the Channel to the eastwards of the Rock seven and eight fathom as is before mentioned If when you come before St. Maudes Castle you would go into Mildrid-Pool Mildrod-Pool you must steer over into four or five fathom on the West side till you shut the Point of the Manacles into the Castle and open it not for fear of the Point of the Mase on the East side until you shut Penny-Comquick into the East Point of Smithick and then steer on the East side into twelve or thirteen fathom against the middle Hedge end on the East Point of Mildred-Pool for then you shall have shoal water but the lower down the deeper Note that Moagan Church which is above Penny-Comquick being entred on the southermost House of the said Town then are you near the South side of the Mase Four leagues South by West from Falmouth lyeth the East Point of the Lizard betwixt them lyeth a Haven called Helford which Ships do little frequent At the South side of the Haven lyeth a steep Point and on the North side a low sharp Point within the Haven on the South side standeth a Gentlemans House beneath at the Strand and upon the Hill stand Trees you must keep these one in the other and run so amidst the Channel into the entry of the Haven on the North side stand also two or three Trees when these come a Ships length to the westward of a little House that standeth in a white sandy Bay thereupon you may sayl in also amidst the Channel which is a short Inlet being come within you may anchor in 6 or 7 fathom upon the South side standeth also a sharp Tower and on the North side a little Castle on the steep Land To sayl into Mounts-Bay If you be coming out of Falmouth bound to the westward as into Mounts-bay with an easterly wind be not covetous of keeping too near the Lizard Shore especially at the Manacles for there be sunken Rocks without the Manacles To avoid which open the Land short of them you shall see a Spire Steeple called St. Keveren be sure therefore to keep so far off the shore that you may see all the Spire of the said Steeple above the Land and so shall you go without them clear of danger until you come to the Lizard point from whence there lyeth a ledge of Rocks which all shew themselves at low-water A Description of the Sea Coast of England 〈…〉 Newly Corrected by Iohn Seller 〈…〉 A Chart of the West part of England from Portland to Silly describing all the Roads Havens and Harbors with all the Sands depths and Soundings along the Coast newly Corrected by John Seller And are to be Sold at his Shop at the Signe of the Marrinors Compass at the Hermitage Stayres in Wapping For to sayl into Mounts-bay coming from the Lands-end or the Lizard the Ground is very clear all over and fine Sand until you come within a mile of the Shore between 20 and 23 fathom To ride at Anchor in Guavas-Lake You must be so far to the westward as that you have the Steeple of Paul to bear from you W. N. W. but if being far to the eastward that the said Church doth stand N. W. by North somewhat westerly from you then you have no clear Ground being near the West-Land run in from St. Clements-Island which lyeth before the Town of Mouse-hole for it is very clear Ground then the Castle will be on the Starboard side a great way distant which Castle is foul round about being come within St. Clements-Island you shall see within it a great sandy Bay anchor there in seven or eight fathom South-East and E.S.E. Winds do blow there right open in for all other Winds you lie there Land-lockt Four leagues to the westward of Mounts-bay lyeth the Lands-end of England which lyeth from the Lizard W.N.W. distant 9 or 10 leagues Directions to sayl into Silly Silly is divided into divers Island alongst the West side lyeth a great multitude of Rocks you may go in there through divers Channels or Sounds but the southermost St. Maries-Sound called St. Maries-sound is the best being a fair opening of a Channel but near the midst lie two sunken Rocks in soul weather you may see the Sea break over them it is best to leave them on the Larboard-side going in and on the Starboard-side coming out and go so near the Starboard-shore as that you may but see the Wind-mill-Sweeps which standeth on the Hill or that you may almost throw a Stone ashore and when you come within the Point luff up round and come to anchor in sight of the Houses or when you have brought the Town open of the Valley leave two thirds of the Harbour on your Larboard-side Thwart of Smiths-Island lyeth a Ledge of Rocks called Bartholomen-Ledge A Ledge of Rocks when you come to the Block-house that standeth on the Water-side
N. W. 5 45   Gray Sand like the flower of Oatmeal  N. W. 3 43   Mashey shells and some stones Lizard W. by N. 4 â— 40   White mashey shells and white stones Lizard W. N. W. between 3 4 45   Small shingly stones and mashey brown shells Lizard W. by S.      Falmouth N. W. by N. 30 41   Black gravelly ground with some small stones Manacles W. N. W.      Deadman N. W. by N. 30 37   Small redish gravel some small shells with small stones Rambead North. 10 46   Like the dust of a Grind-stone with many Hakes teeth and some shells  North. 1 mile 35   Dirty brown Sand and some Hakes teeth Edystone West 2 mile 34   Dirty brown Sand.  South 1 mile 26   Fine Sand and within this 28 and 30 fathom Deadman N. E. by N. 5 43   Fine gray Sand.  N. N. E. 3 30   Fishing ground the offermost ground as above said but the two nethermost Soundings black and shingly stones and gravel Lonland North. 5 mile 27     North. â— mile 18    Between Boult and Salcome One mile thwart off  26   Shingly ground with some shells  N. by E. Northerly 8 â— 40   Like the dust of a Grind-stone with Hakes teeth and shells and fine white Sand. Start N. W. Westerly       N. W. by W. 4 â— 43    Start N. W. by N. 3 38   Gravelly Sands small stones and some shells  N. W. westerly 12 38   Reddish shells mashed as if beaten in a Morter fine white Sand scollop shells and small stones  N. W. by W. 14 42    Berry N. by W. 3 27   Fine black peppery Sand.  N. W. by N. 4 35    Portland N. E. by E. 8 35   Small shingly stones as big as Pease  North. 8 40   Stremy ground small stones  N. by E. 5 ½ 33   With some black Sand. Portland N. E. by N. 11 41   Fine Sand and scollop shells  N. N. E. 8 40   Fine Sand scollop shells and small shingly stones Gaâ—nsey S. E. by E. 5 42   Shingly stones as big as Pease Caskets South 6 40   Shingly stones and scollop shells St. Albton N. by E. 5 28   Stony ground dents in the Tallow and nothing come up but brown Sand that will crumble between your fingers  N. by W. 4 27    Portland N. E. by E. 2 27   Shingly ground  W. N. W. 2 20   Small stones Needles N. E. by E. 2 17   Great shingly ground  N. E. casterly 2 ½ 19   Small shingly ground  N. E. 2 13   Rocky ground The Body of the Isle of Wight Donnose Needles N. by W. 3 20     E. by N. 4 21   All the ground from St. Albions to the East end of the Wight is chalkie it will make dents in the Tallow and nothing come up but blown Sand in rowls which will crumble in your fingers  N. by E. 3 18     North. 3 18     N. by W.      Donnose W. by S. 4 16   Sand and Gravel a kind of fishing-ground rough ground some big stones take notice that the Sand Gravel is for 21 fathom  West 4 21    Donnose W. N. W. 8 33   Fishing ground somewhat red with some stones as big as Pease and some as Beans  W. by N. 6 26    Arundel N. by W. 3 ½ 16   Gravelly ground Beachy N. E. 5 38   Gravel and shingly stony ground like blew Slates broken in pieces  N. F 4 32    Beachy E. by N. 4 31   Gravelly shingly small ground Beachy N. N. E. 3 30   Gravelly Sand.  North. 3 33   Gravelly mixt with black Sand.  N. by W. 3 23   Gravelly Sand with some small stones Beachy E. by N.  15   Gravelly ground Arundel North.  15     E. northerly      Beachy And Sboram 8 17   Gravelly Sand.  N. by E.      Beachy N. W. by W. 4 21   Gross black Stones Fairlee N. by E. 3 20   Gravelly Sand with some shells  Northerly 4 27   Red shingly Sand with some shells Fairlee N. N. W. 4 20   Fine fishing ground and sometimes you shall have five Fingers stick on the Tallow   3 16    Fairlee N. by W. 8 10   Gravelly Sand upon a Bank called the Sow our Fishermen fish near it    12    Fairlee N. W. 3 17   Gravelly Sand with small shingly stones Fairlee N. W. westerly 3 ½    Soft owsie ground not to be perceived and nothing upon the Tallow but their Sounding is but one place not above 2 casts Dungeness N. by W. 2 ½ 17    Dungeness N. by E. 1 mile 18   Shingly ground with small stones and some times small shells amongst it  N. by W. 2 mile 21    Dungeness N. W. 2 ½ 22   Very fine white Sand.   3 23    Blackness  2 28   Stony ground Calice-Cliff East     Rough ground Balloin E. by S. 2    The same ground Staples E. by N. 3 27   Fine Sand.  And East      Flats E. by S. 4 29   Slate and fine Sand.  E. S. E.      Free-port S. E. 2 ½ 16 or 18   Stony ground  S. E. by E. 3     Deep Between  14   Great stones  S. E. 4 15     S. E. by E.  16    A Description of the Banks Sands Shoals and Dangers upon the Coast of Flanders Zealand Holland Friezland c. from Calice to the River Elve Blackness ABout a great league to the westwards of Calice-Cliff lyeth Blackness being a foul out-point and to the southward alought the Shore there lyeth many Rocks and foul ground New-Land The New-Land is a Bank that lyeth alongst the Shore to the westwards of the Haven of Graveling and runneth far into the Sea and reacheth westward unto Calice you may run alongst by it or over it in 5 4 and 3 fathom at pleasure A Bank Thwart from the wester Head of Calice lyeth
eight fathom for the Spit of Fairness lyeth far out but that depth Fairness or keeping of Marget Church a mans height above the Land will carry you clear of it when you have brought the South-Foreland and the Land of the Downs open then if the Wind be westerly Marks to come into the Downs you may steer to the southwards alongst the Shore in 5 6 or 7 fathom as you have the Tyde under you or your draught of water for you shall find divers Banks or Overfalls where you shall suddenly shoal a fathom sometimes more and then deeper again there is one that lyeth in the stream of five fathom and a half at low-water on the which there is not above twenty foot This lyeth something to the northwards of Broad-stairs-Peer and likewise something to the southward of Broad-stairs there lyeth another in the Stream of four fathom and a half at low-water whereon there is not above fourteen foot Also to the southward of that right against a green patch that sheweth on the upper part of the Chalk-Cliff as if it were stained with Green there is another on which there is not above ten foot at low-water these you must be careful to shun if there be any strong Tyde they shew themselves by the wasting of the water as an Overfal doth and where it is smoothest there it is shoalest This Sand is called the Coleburn When you are so far to the southward that you can see the red tyled House of Ramsgate open of the Cliff then you are clear of this Shoal There is another Shoal to the southwards of this Mark of the Brake which some men call the Querns The thwart Mark for the North-head of the Brake is St. Lawrence Church which stands above Ramsgate upon the North Cliff of Ramsgate one sayls breadth and the Querns lyeth N.N.W. from that a good Birth with the said Church two Ships length or more upon the said Cliff so that when you come to have the Church but a Ships length upon the Cliff then if you will come into the Inner Channel you must sayl in to the Shore by your Lead if it be thick weather that you cannot see your leading-mark viz. St. Margaret's Church upon the South-Foreland right over a Chalk-pit that sheweth white almost midway between Waymor-Castle and Deal-Castle or the said Church two Sayls breadth without Deal-Castle and this Mark will lead you directly through between the Brakes and Querns Another Mark and so into the Downs But if you cannot discern the aforesaid Marks then there is another nearer Mark which is Winsberry-Church and a round Tree not far from the Church which stands up in the Countrey to the South-westwards of Sandwich keep that Church and Tree between the two Southermost Steeples of the Town of Sandwich and this Mark will lead you directly through the Inner-Channel and if so be you be forced to turn through you may stand to the Northwards until you bring the Trees to the middle Church and to the South-eastwards until you bring the Steeple near unto St. Maries Church which is the eastermost Church of Sandwich and so you may turn between the Brake and Querns The thwart Mark for the North end of the Brake Thwart Mark of the Brake is as aforesaid St. Lawrence Church on the Point of the North-Cliff or a Wood end open and shut of the Cliff next Sandwich For the South end of the Querns bring the Mill near Ramsgate to the northward of the said Peer Depths in the Channel is two and a half three and a half and four fathom the nearer the Brake the deeper Directions for going into Marget-Peer If you would go into Marget-Peer coming down from the westward A Ledge of Rocks you must be careful to shun a ledge of Rocks that lie off Marget E. S. E. in the Sea thwart of the Mouth of the Peer from the Cliff to the westward If therefore the Wind be westerly you must be sure before you luff over to be clear of them if the Wind be easterly then you may steer alongst by the Beacons on the East-Rocks If you be to turn up in the Night between Marget-Sand and the Main you shall find by keeping of your Lead two Middle-Grounds Upon the Middle-ground next the Shore you will have five and five fathom and a half and to the southward six seven or eight fathom as the Tyde is in height without you will have eight nine and ten fathom and again seven and eight fathom and without nine and ten fathom and when it comes to be shoal you may be sure it is upon the Sand and likewise the shoaling of the Main within the Inner Middle-ground These Middle-grounds reach up to the Gore Gore and the further you come to the westwards they shoal for they tayl unto the Shore and there dry From Marget-Town up to Cliff end above Birchington spits off several Shoals that must be taken care of especially at high-water near Marget stand no nearer the Shore than six fathom and from Westgate-bay upward in five fathom The Marks to go clear of all these Spits of Sands below Marget-Town that run off the Shore on the North side of the Foreland Is to keep the top of Marget-Steeple open above the Land Fairness Whiteness and Fairness and Whiteness on the East side of the Foreland Marks for the North end of the Goodwin-Sands and other directions for such as may be forced to the Southwards from the Foreland in the Night If you be at the North-Foreland bound for the Downs and that your Tydes do fall out to be too early or too late to turn into the Downs with the Wind at South-west or S. S. W. follow these ensuing directions If it be in the morning before day then be sure to weigh your Anchor in convenient time that you may be at the North-sands-hand North-sand-head at the turning of the Tyde to the southwards From the Foreland you may steer out with a Flood-tyde South-east by East and South-east or keep the Light of the North-Foreland North-west by North and this course will lead you out but for the more certainty be sure to have your Lead well kept and then you may borrow off and on with the aforesaid Winds in seven or eight fathom and steering out in the aforesaid course you shall come to have the depth suddenly change to fifteen or twenty fathom then you may hale up close to the southward alongst the back of the Goodwin which Sand lyeth directly I mean the eastermost side of it S. S. W. and N.N.E. twelve or fourteen fathom and is not above a Saker shot from the Sand but if it be in the day time and that the Wind doth blow so hard that you cannot well tack your Ship to turn through the Gulls then your Marks to carry you out at the North-sand-head Is the flat Church upon the Foreland called St. Peters a