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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
head_n	body_n	king_n	politic_a	2,735	5	10.6730	5	false

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A14722	Anima'dversions of vvarre; or, A militarie magazine of the truest rules, and ablest instructions, for the managing of warre Composed, of the most refined discipline, and choice experiments that these late Netherlandish, and Swedish warres have produced. With divers new inventions, both of fortifications and stratagems. As also sundry collections taken out of the most approved authors, ancient and moderne, either in Greeke. Latine. Italian. French. Spanish. Dutch, or English. In two bookes. By Robert Ward, Gentleman and commander.	Ward, Robert, fl. 1639.; Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, engraver.	1639 (1639)	STC 25025; ESTC S118037	599,688	501

it was their whole discourse to magnifie him with their applauses of his worth wisedome and fidelitie but how suddenly those of the Corporation of novelists had changed the wind of his true fame into a contrary quarter blowing their flie-blowes of aspersions and disgraces so fast upon him that hee grew more hatefull and odious in the same mens conceits which formerly so highly honoured him and yet for his owne particular the same man and to his power endeavoured to doe the same good for the Common-wealth which formerly he had done so that what designe soever the people conceived his finger to have but toucht was by them vilified or some doubtfull various constructions made of it which at length grew to the heighth of censuring that when those Foote forces which returned from the I le of Ree were to be quartered and Billited in Townes untill his Majesties pleasure was to dismisse them or farther to have imployed them the common voyce was it was the Dukes plot to detaine these forces to take his occasion to side with the Enemy and so to ruine our Kingdome and what base Libells and scurulous songs were made of him so that at last they did hate his very person so that by their callumnious reports and invective inventions they had set on his shoulders according to the fiction in Ovid another head so that his owne friends and Souldiers did not know him for their friend but wrought their owne Masters death most villanously by their wishes which was acted by the cruell hand of a hellish Murtherer to their contents but let them put the gaines they purchast by his losse in their eyes and I beleeve they may still see whilst he lived the Common-wealth fared not the worse I think none can be ignorant of the mischiefes and inconueniences which are ingendred by these Monsters of impudent censurings and bold scrutinies of these Novelists which they ingrosse to themselves to please their pallats of a covetous desire of newes and then to gaine a popular applause or to maintaine Table-talke they retayle it out againe either to the honour or disparagement of some one or other as they shall stand affected or as the time place or occasion shall bee offered Reports soone workes upon the weaknesse of ignorant people who are apt to beleeve any thing especially if it comes from one that hath a habit of seeming sanctity and by such they will be drawne and lead to any thing These Hitrogeniall courses either of Subjects or Souldiers used to those in Authority over them makes an Enemie rejoyce they perceiving by such wayes and courses their pathes are ev'ned and swept and at their pleasures they can shape their designes and projects according to the distempers and humours of the time sayling with full wind and tyde unto the haven of their expectations for mens fancies are like to surfeited bloud that what infection soever comes first is most surely taken and indeed an enemy will not lose his opportunity to fish where the waters are troubled And as in the little Empire of the body naturall the beginning of all motion is from the head having the Conjugation of all sinewes and the architecture framed built and fashioned with joynts fit for motion and by a secret instinct and light of Creation annexed to the head from whence the whole strength is produced now if any of these sinewes or joynts are shrunke or dislocated it marres and hinders the sudden motion of the whole frame causing the limme where such a defect is to bee altogether unusefull and much hindering the orderly worke of the rest of the limbes which would be more quicke and apt to helpe and defend the head the Magnanimous Eagle is easily surprized if but the least joynt of her wings be perisht This corrupting putrifying and dis-joynting the members of a Common-wealth hath beene a pollicy ever used by the Enemie and hath afforded him more freedome to set afoot his projects and designes then any one conclusion he hath made use of And such dislocations and distempers are usually the forerunners of confusion Histories make mention of many Nations that have beene infected with this Con●●gion and have languisht in this dea●ly sicknesse when as the art of Physicke was not able to purge the glut that lay in the stomacks of these diseased persons so that their breaths infected all that came neere and made them unusefull burthens to their heads so that the Engines of Wit Art and Policy was not able to set them in a right frame and temper France once deeply tasted of this deadly cuppe untill ruine and confusion rent them from their head to a deeper destruction like gangreene members they were cut off from the body Politicke the residue being weary of their former smarts began then to comply with the times and saw it the peaceablest and safest way for all degrees to joyne in one for the ayding and supporting their King and honouring and obeying all in Authority under him then they showred their transcendent tearmes of loyaltie and obedience upon Lewis the ninth and indeed he truly deserved them the Commons with one voyce styled him their Father the Nobility reverenced him with title of just Prince and faithfull preserver of their Lawes The grave Doctors and Fathers of the Church ascribed to him the name of Tutor and Defender against all oppositions and the whole body of France viva voce and with one consent proclaimed him the King of truth and those in Commission under him true Preservators and Administrators of Iustice the crabbed fruits of their former follyes had wrought good effects so that contestings scrutinies censurings and oppositions were quite banisht They having learned of Licurgus to answer those that did desire to meddle out of their Spheare as hee once answered one that was oppinionated that a Democrasticall government was most pleasing hee wisht him to try it first in his owne house if such Corrivals in authority would breed any content If every busie-braind fellow would make tryall of this shame would make them blush and ill-shapt discontents would stop their mouthes causing them to be ready to imitate the Egyptians who antiently consecrated to their God Harpocrates the Peach tree the leaves thereof resemble a Tongue the fruit a Heart simbolizing thereby that their hearts should hence-forth serve him and their tongues set forth his praise The same Embleme should every loyall and obedient Subject and Souldier have within his breast and mouth which he should dedicate to Supremacy and to all in subordinate authority under him then every dore would turne merrily upon the hindges without jarring and a gentle streame of Peace would have a currant channell through Kingdomes then there would be no feare of an enemies sowing his seedes of discontents amongst the inferiour members nor inticing them by gifts and promises to disloyaltie or distractions It is recorded of Caesar that he conquered more in France by complying with the people profering

same Warres which the Romans managed against the Carthaginians by the unexpertnesse of the Generall their whole Navy was overthrowne yet the wonderfull love and loyaltie of the Commons freely demonstrating their sincerity and obedience as a rule for Subjects in future ages at their owne proper costs and charges built a new Fleete in all points fit for service I would this age wherein we live were so mindfull of their loyalties and obedience and not to mutter and repine when Authority justly commands such a poore thing as an Annuall stipend for the setting forth a Navy for the honour and safetie of our Kingdome The Netherlanders are to bee admired and commended for setting their loves afloate above their Lawes daily tendering their lives and goods in doing their States service they are so free from grumbling or having any seditious thoughts or actions that even voluntarily they condescend to pay an Impost out of their Meates and Drinkes towards the maintenance of their Warres besides their patience in induring their goods many times taken and their houses ruined by Souldiers they are so farre from repining that they thinke all well bestowed that tends to the publike good they banish desire and will not acknowledge it an act of their obedience the property thereof being only to looke at things to come but rather ground their actions upon Love which points at things present Wee can protest we desire his Majesties wants were supplyed but where is the love that should command our purse-string I say no more let every obstinate fellow blush and see if his desires without performance can command the advise and costly Drugges from his learned Physitian for the prevention of some eminent sicknesse which the Physitian by his wisedome and skill foresees that without speedy prevention will prove an incurable destruction to his body let him rest upon it that hath a desire that either his body or his estate should languish Let us but take a further survey of this dutie of obedience and you shall find it defective where feare only bindes and love doth not joyne with it Triplex amor as Scholers define it Emanans imperatus elicitus Naturall love all sensitive creatures participate in being led by an instinct to their objects there being a kind of necessitie inforcing as the Pismires love and care is to provide in Summer against Winter Even so Man in the same kind guided by certaine reasons is by love transported to his object Commanding love is when firme reasons demonstrate some good thing fit to be beloved and then our wills command us to affect the same Free love is when the affections makes choyce of some good thing of excellent qualitie freely and in contemplation of the goodnesse and priviledges that is thereby injoyed drives the spectators into admiration and the circumstances that attend the actions and demeanours of the object begets his free love and the prosperitie and welfare that it is possest withall satisfieth the whole desires Naturall love seekes only its owne profit but that is not here meant nor commendable in a Subject when he loves his Prince only for the quiet gaining or enjoying of gooods in this a Prince is not really to returne love againe Secondly when a Subjects will and affections commands love for by-respects and ●inister ends as to be favoured in wicked and impious courses this of all the rest is not to be respected but utterly rejected The third kind of Love is the true root from Whence Loyaltie and obedience springs and that is pure without by-aymes or ends of an enargeticall and working quality ever seeking and working such things as may bring Honour and safetie to their Prince and State Nam anima magis est ubi amat quam ubi animat The members of a Common-wealth should take instructions from the Philosophers who hold that the Parts love the beeing of the whole better then it selfe As for example the water being but the fourth part of the Elements that the great World is compounded of ascends up to the ayre that there should not be a Vaccuum or emptinesse in the universe for the Elements touch one the other as may be further proved by a small-mouthed glasse the water contrary to the nature of it runneth up to the ayre as it is pouring out that there may not be a voide place it preferres the good of the whole to its owne proper Center and so in the little world Man when occasion of danger is offered the hand is ever ready to defend and preserve the head Even so ready bent and prest should every member of a body politique be to defend and preserve their Prince and State and to administer such helps as his necessities require with a free consent he being our head and all in all to us we should and are bound in dutie to hazard all for him For if we consider the large commission which Almighty God hath beene pleased to give to his Vice-Roys upon earth and in such a copious manner estated them in their thrones of Regencie that the sonnes of men never had the like priviledges as may bee seene by the large Commission granted to Moses his chiefe and Generall over his peculiar people where God commands him to make him a Trumpet of silver to assemble the people and to remove the Campe It was a thing of such great importance that in the infancy of the world God himselfe did immediatly by his owne mouth assemble the Congregations and directed them how when and where to incampe limitting the times of their removals But after he had made choyce of a chiefe to be his Generall over the people he committed his care and his office of command over to Moses and left him ample power to goe in and out before his people as formerly hee himselfe had done and to take and claime such priviledges as are due from inferiours to a Majestie Which made our Saviour Christ very forward for examples sake to worke a Miracle rather then he would stand in contention with Caesar he would disburse for himselfe and his friend although he might have pleaded his freedome as being a man free-borne or might have claimed the due to himselfe as being King of Kings but he well knew affaires of importancy belonging to a State could not be compassed without daily revenewes this made him so willingly pay his tribute which the wisedome of Caesar had imposed upon his Subjects for the securing of his kingdome and especially in times of warre as our Saviour Christ drawing a Parable from the chargeablenesse and dangerousnesse of it wished a King first to sit downe and count before he entertaines warre Whether his power and abilitie that is to be understood not only the quantitie of armed men but the qualitie to sustaine them with which is Money Munition and Victuals and these are to bee derived from the inferiour members as they may well be paralelled to the rootes of a high spreading Ceder which

likewise no torments threats or miseries are able to make Truth and Loyalty change that unchangeable colour which duty and affection hath dyed it in This makes Souldiers ever bound to obey the Commandements of Superiours and Superiours likewise are to love and imbrace such deserving Souldiers And further if Souldiers desire to be prosperous and to attaine to honours let them bee chaste and honest in their living refraining all sensuality and avoyding all occasions which might seduce them to that vice for those that give themselves that base liberty are ever infected with cowardice and are most fit to attend upon that lascivious Generall Sardanapalus whose pastime it was to exercise himselfe with Queanes in all base postures of dalliance Hanibals Army by wofull experience knew what it was to be lulled in the pleasures of women having beene Garrison'd but one Winter in that delicious Towne of Capua the edge of their valours and their steely hardinesse was softened to poore base cowardly dispositions so that Marcus Marcellus tooke his opportunity to conquer them Further Souldiers must be obedient in every respect unto those in authoritie over them although such Officers should bee infected with any notorious vice as very few but have beene blemisht in one kinde or other As Cyrus was cruell covetous and miserable yet obeyed and beloved of his Souldiers in the same kinde was Cambises and Marcus Cato also Marcus Antonius swomme in his Dalliances Gluttony and Riotousnesse yet his Souldiers would have suffered themselves to have beene crucified to have done him any gratefull service and the reason was indeed his excellent way of Iustice which he caused to bee administred duely and dayly in his Army this did worke upon his Souldiers more than his defects in vertue could infect them And indeed it is very requisite for all Commanders to beware of giving ill examples and to be charie how they doe or speake any thing that hath but the shadow of unseemelinesse For as one sayes well Multa sunt honesta factu quae sunt turpia visu There are three principall parts in the body of Man wherein are lodged the three principall powers of the Soule Concupiscence in the Liver Anger in the Heart and Reason in the Head as being the Citadell in like manner there are three severall vertues that doe command and governe them Sobriety or Temperance to over-sway Concupiscence Courage against Anger in the Heart and Wisedome in thinking and judging with reason But here I must take an occasion to speake of our Trained Souldiers which are or should be fitted for a defensive Warre they doe not consider how deeply every man is interessed in it for if they did our yeomandrie would not be so proud and base to refuse to be taught and to thinke it a shame to serve in their owne Armes and to understand the use of them were they but sensible that there is not the worth of one peny in a Kingdome well secured without the due use of Armes and that the Gospell which is the Garland of our Kingdome cannot prosper and flourish but under the shadow of a sword This should incourage all Gentlemen and Yeomen to be forward in the practice of Martiall Discipline I am certaine we can finde times large and sufficient to negotiate trifles and to hunt after our owne pleasures solacing our selves in vaine delights which produceth naught but folly and ends in griefe halfe that time and charge so ill spent would make us expert and gai●● us honour for as one truly saith that our times are consumed either Male agendo Nihil agendo vel Aliud agendo either in doing naughtinesse or nothing or impertinences and by this meanes the principall is neglected And because that people are ready to make their excuses to be spared from serving in their Armes either for their youth as being too young or for their age as being too old to decide this question we will borrow the opinion of the ancient Warriours and as Caius Gracchus one of the Consuls of Rome instituted a decree that none should be exercised in Armes under 17 yeares of age Which questionlesse is a fit time for the inition of young Souldiers having more aged to sort with them for they prove the best and ablest Souldiers that professe the use of Armes from their youth And whereas some imbellicke fellowes holds the opinion that forty yeeres is too late to receive them into the Warres they are deceived for a man is of ability to doe good service at 50. yeeres and upwards Besides their wisedome and judgements are more setled and indeed your Romans would not admit of a Commander unlesse he were forty or fiftie yeares of age But some may object that nature is decayed in this last age mens strengths are not as formerly they have beene To this I answer That the world waxeth old yet not in post-haste although Sensim sine Sensu it is soft and faire and by degrees insensible as in reading Hackwels Apologie you may finde sufficient satisfaction to confute this Objection And as Crinitus in his Seventh Booke de Honesta Disciplina reports of Terentius Varro from the authority of Discorides a great Astrologer That the Egiptians who tooke especiall care by the imbalming of dead bodies and by their witty reasonings found out how the utmost age of Man was confined taking their estimate from the weight of the heart which every yeare receives the increase of two drammes untill 50 yeares be expired after which period it decayes yeerely two drammes untill fifty more be expired So that by this it should bee fond for any man to pleade insufficiencie unlesse at the least 50 yeares were past Likewise we finde in Demosthenes that the State being in danger men of 45 yeares of Age and upwards did tugge at the Oares and certainly a man at 50 and upwards is of more sufficiencie to doe service than youth at or under 17 As in the second Punicke Warres they made choise of as Livie reports Tum decretum vt Tribuni plebis ad populum ferrent vt qui minores annis 17 Sacramento dixissent iis perinde stipendia precederunt ac si 17 annorum aut majores milites facti essent It was decreed that the Tribunes should tell the people that such as being under 17 yeares of Age and had taken their military Oath should in like sort receive their pay as if they had beene full 17 or past but the hopefull age for performance is betweene 20 and 50 yeares because strength gravitie wisedome and experience at such yeeres hath a corrivall in managing the actions of men King Edward the fourth was Conquerour in 8 or 9 severall Battels before he was 41 yeeres old Likewise Alexander the Great had in a manner conquered the known world at 33 yeeres of his Age. I confesse Nature is sooner perfect and ripe in some men than in others and likewise decayes sooner in some constitutions than in others for if Strength be not the

hand then happily halfe Companies or whole Companies must watch in compleate Armes The Governours Drumme with the Captaine of the Watches are to beat about the Streets to gather the Souldiers together to cut the yce in Winter time the Burgers and Citizens doe the like every Company hath his just allowance to cut it is to be cut 16 or 18 foot wide that the Enemy may be hindered to passe to the Walles The Mayor is to deliver out Powder Match Bullets and all kinde of Tooles to the Serjeants for the use of the Souldiers the Tooles are to be returned safe againe this shall suffice at this time Next I will briefly discour●● of the dutie of Officers in the Field and also of Souldiers CHAP. LVII The duties of Officers and Souldiers in the Campe or Field THe duties of Officers and Souldiers in the Field or Campe doe not much differ from those in Garrison wherefore I shall bee very short in this and then I will proceed to discourse of the particular Office of each Commander beginning at the meanest and so proceed to the chiefest in Authority demonstrating every particular thing belonging to their Offices Now by the way observe that every Army consists of a Generall Lieutenant-Generall Field-Marshall Treasurer Master of the Ordnance Serjeant Major Generall These are the chiefe Officers of the Field and are ●mployed dayly in the Councell of Warre with their Prince about State-affaires then the Troopes are divided into Colonies both the Infantry and Cavalliary the chiefe whereof is the Colonell the the Lieutenant Colonell the Serjeant Major these are the chiefest in command in each Regiment Every Regiment is compounded of divers Companies the chiefe of them is the Captaine the Lieutenant Ensigne Serjeants and Corporal● These last are exposed to doe their duty in person with their Companies the other in higher authority for the most part leave it to their inferiour Officers unlesse it be in times and cases of Danger The Army being Encamped the Colonels Lieutenant of each Regiment who beares the titular name of Captaine takes place to be the first Captaine of the Watch then successively according to the antiquity of the Captaine Their watch is set after the same manner as it is in Garrison onely no drumme is to beate neither for the setting of the Watch at night nor for the releeving of the Guards in the Morning untill the Drum-Majors drum beates then all are to imitate him The Captaine of the Watch is to goe no further than the Limits of his owne quarters where he is to be attended with the Gentlemen of the round and to take the Word as before is shewed that Night his turne is to be Captaine of the Watch the whole Company is to watch upon some convenient place by the Brest-worke before their quarters The Serjeant-Major of each Regiment Colonell or Lieutenant Colonell may walke the limits of his owne Regiment The Serjeant-Major Generall of the Army may ride through all the quarters of the Army and take the Word If there be any Out-workes as Redouts to be guarded then the Serjeant-Major of each particular Regiment is to give Billets to every Captaine what guards they shall keepe then accordingly the whole Company is to march to those Redouts leaving their colours in the head of their quarters which is to bee guarded by certaine Senteries appointed out of the next Company whose duty is also to guard the quarters and Hutts that no abuses bee committed The Armes that the Captaine and Ensigne beares with them is a Pike and his Armour of proofe hee is to set out his Sentrye Perdues upon all passages and likewise a Sentery within the Redout these are to bee relieved by the Serjant or other Officers every houre or two at the most That Company which shall come to relieve the Watch must stand in their compleate Armes untill such times as their Senteryes bee plac't out and the Bridge drawne up least the Enemy should take an advantage to fall upon them when they are in a confusion To resist the Enemy in their worke they are to place betwixt each two Pikes a Musquet Any of the chiefest Officers in high authority may command a Guard from one Redout to another and visit them at any season of the day or night and are to take the Word from the Captaine himselfe Every Souldier must bee very carefull of giving a false Alarum because all the whole Army will bee disturbed and presently in Armes If the Enemy comes upon the Sentry perdue hee is to retreate to the next Sentry behind him then if the Enemy seeme many they are to retreate into the Worke and prepare to give them a Vallye Those Horses that watch must bee plac't to keepe some passage they must send out their Horse Centryes to stand upon some way which the Enemy must take their stations are to bee a quarter of a mile beyond the foot the whole Company must not move off their saddles untill they are relieved Those Perdues that are layed out against a besieged Towne are to lye flat on their bellies because of the Enemies neerenes and continuall shooting and this shall suffice and before I proceed any farther I will have a more particuler discourse of the obedience and vallours both of Souldiers and Subjects CHAP. LVIII Of the due obedience both Subjects Officers and Souldiers should beare to their Prince or Generall with a demonstration how Mutinies and Treasons have beene rewarded with infinite miseries NO Kingdome so Fortunate and happy as those where obedience flowes in a cleare streame so farre from the power of gusts and stormes that gentle calmes are perpetuated to times and all seasons are as Halcion dayes when Subjects of all conditions and in all respects simpathize with their Soveraigne in authority to his lawfull behests and commands as the shadow imitates the body or as the parts of the body are ready bent to observe and execute the pleasures and intents of the heart and faculties of the minde Obedience and loyalty are the Nerves and Sinewes which strengthen and unite the members of a body politicke to the head and the strongest Fortifications that Kingdomes can bee defended with These are they which are the onely conquerours in Warre and stedfast preservatives in Peace these are the precious jewells which make the Crowne and dignity of a King most splendent and glorious these are the most precious Diadems that a State can bee adorned with the commanding power thereof is so potent that in an excellent transcendency they daunt the puposes of an Enemy forfeiting his designes they so farre strengthen the body of authority that none of the members can possibly bee infected where these Cordialls are placed next the heart without these Kingdomes are falling into a consumption and nothing can be expected but ruine and destruction as may evidently be seene by taking a survey of such Histories which record the confusion of Empires and Kingdomes And first the

is to divide the Musquetiers they being drawne into a body as aforesaid into two equall parts or Divisions if there should bee an odde File in one of the Divisions it makes no matter Next you are to draw up your body of Pikes betweene those Divisions of Musquets fronting them with the Musquets in an even line Or otherwise you may draw your Musquetiers upon the left wing of your body of Pikes their Front and Rankes being placed even one against another you are to command the Pikes to open their Rankes and to order their Pikes the Musquetiers are to have all their Musquets Rested Then commanding the right-hand-division only to shoulder their Musquets and to face to the Right-hand Then commanding them to March even through the Rankes of the Pikes an ordinary distance beyond them and causing them to face to the left-hand will bring them into true order with the Pikes Next you are to command the residue or left wing of Musquets to shoulder their Peeces and to face to the right hand and advance them forwards to the side of the Pikes observing their distance betwixt them then facing them to the Left hand makes them stand even with the Pikes Or if you please you may make use of a third way to draw your Musquetiers upon either Wing of your Pikes Your Pikes being first drawne into a square body and your Musquetiers in a like square body being drawne up to the reare of the Pikes You may command them to double their Front to the Right and left hand by Division which is in this kind performed One halfe of the Files of Musqueteirs are to face to the right hand and the other halfe to the left hand either Division marching after they are turned right forwards about sixe foot beyond the flankes of the Pikes Then that Division of Musquetiers which marched towards the left-hand you are to command them to face to the right hand And the division of Musquetiers that marched to the right hand you are to command them to face to the Left Then both the divisions of Shotte at one instant in an even order are to March up by the side of the Pikes untill they front even with them These things being thus performed you are to command your Musquetiers to shoulder their Musquets and slope them You are likewise to command your Pikemen to advance their Pikes and then begin to exercise them in their Motions as followeth having first ordered them in their distance for Motion at six foote both in Ranke and File CHAP. LXXIX How a Commander shall exercise his Company in grosse in their proper Motions after hee hath drawne the Shotte upon either Wing of the Body of Pikes with the words of Command for the performance thereof as also for the reducing them to their first station HAving duly performed those Circumstances specified in the former Chapter and now standing in the head of your Company the Lieutenant in the Reare and the Serjeants upon either Flanke after you have commanded silence and also to stand right in their Rankes and Files you shall command them to Faces to the right hand This Motion is performed only by turning your body to the place where your right hand stood not moving your right foot at all but turning it a little upon the ball and to reduce them to their former station you must use this word of Command As you were so turning to the left hand againe brings them to their former station Faces to the left hand This motion is performed by turning your body to the place where your left hand stood bringing your left legge somewhat about and onely turning your right foot a little upon the Ball and to reduce them to their former station you must use this Word of Command As you were so turning off to the right hand brings them to their first Station Faces to the right hand about This motion is performed by turning of your body round about by the right hand so that your face stands where your back parts did and to reduce them to their former station you must use this Word of Command To the left hand about as you were so turning backe againe by the left hand brings them to their first Station Faces to the left hand about This motion is performed by turning of your body round about by the left hand so that your face stands where your backe parts did and to reduce them to their former Station you must use this word of Command To the right hand about as you were so turning backe againe by the right hand brings them to their first Station These motions of facing being perfectly done you shall command the whole Company to front to the right hand and cause them there to begin anew the aforesaid motions where ten to one you shall finde them anew to seeke so fronting them from hand to hand round about will make them perfect otherwise they will be to seeke as oft as you alter your Front CHAP. LXXX Of Facing Square and how to performe it The usefulnesse of Facings and the severall parts thereof FAcings are so usefull and necessary that a Commander may as well dispence with any one of the grounds of Discipline as with them for upon all occasions in Service they are usefull and not onely sooner executed than any other of the motions but may be needfull when wheelings and Counter-marches cannot be used as in a strait There are no more than foure faces intire besides Angular as in the precedent Chapter is shewed But as for your divisionall there be divers which I have omitted Intire Facings are so called when the aspect of the whole Companie is directed one way Divisionall Facings are so called when the aspect of the Souldiers is at one and the same time directed divers wayes as to the Front and Reare the Right the Right and Left or to all foure at once c. Angular Facings are so called when the Aspect of the Companie is directed to the right Corner man which is the right Angle or to the left Corner man which is the left Angle or to the foure Corner men which are termed the foure Angles These Angular Facings amongst the Grecians were of great use for they made use of them by reducing out of the Square a Diamond Battell and from the Diamond they reduc'd two Triangles by cutting or dividing the same in the middest at the two flat Angles and of two Triangles they framed a Sheere Battell and of three or foure Triangles they framed their Saw-Battell c. Now for the instructing of your Souldiers how to Face Square if the body bee but eight in depth you must command the two first Rankes to stand fast likewise the two last Rankes are to face about the rest of the Body are to face to the Right and Left if the Body be deeper then you must command more Rankes to the Front and so likewise to the Reare and in

by way of Counter-march and is an oblique firing for whereas in the other firing by Rankes in the Diamond Battell each Ranke fired by increase of two beginning with one and ending with 15. 17. or 21 c. according to the quantitie of your Souldiers in a Ranke this second kind of firing contrary wise may beginne with 15. 17. or 21 c. and end with one still decreasing two and to performe this firing your Files must be at open order because the Musquetiers must Counter-march downe betweene the Intervals of their owne Files to the right every Musquetiere that findes him-himselfe without a Leader being to present and give fire and then to Counter-march to the right and to place himselfe in the Reere of his owne File behind the Pikes when the first Ranke if it consists but of 15. have given fire then the next Ranke of 13. is to present give fire and Counter-march still placing themselves in the Reere of their owne files next there fireth 11. then 9 c. And in this manner of firing they that fire together stand neither in Ranke nor File but obliquely when all the shot have fired and are Counter-marcht into the Reere of their owne Files then the Rankes will become two and two of a number Your men standing in the forme before described if you please you may produce another forme by facing them all to the Reere then command your Musquetiers to march ten or twelve paces your Pikes to stand and your Musquetiers will make resemblance of a hollow wedge and your Piks of a sollid wedge Lastly to reduce all these severall formes into the first proper square battell first let the sollid wedge close forwards into the hollow of the other then let the shot make ready present and give fire as before viz. every Musquetiere that findes himselfe without a Leader is to give fire and Counter-march to the Reere of his owne File and the rest doing the like successively when they have all fired and are all Counter-marcht cleare let the Pikes charge and then the body of your Battallia will have the forme of a Diamond againe Next face them all to the Reere and command the Rankes to file 8. c. to the right which being done passe the shot through which belongs to the left flanke into their places and close the Musquetiers to the right Flanke to their due distance and then they will stand in their proper reducement Wheele your Flankes into the front and face the body to one of the flanks and wheele your battell into a Convex halfe Moone The manner and use of the severall wayes of firing belonging to this forme of the Convex half Moone or semi-circuler Battell is a forme which our Schoolemaster in the rudiments Julius Casar did highly esteeme of it makes shew but of a few Souldiers in regard of the rotunditie of it yet being drawne out in Length it makes a very long Front it may be for the Landing of Souldiers in the enemies country or being secured in the Reere with Rivers Bogges Ditches or the like it hath beene accounted very prevalent to be opposed against an Armie of greater power It may be framed either with the shot outermost or innermost or lined If your battell be in forme of a Hearse then wheele them to the right and left about untill they have attained this forme of a Semicircle but if in a square then you must make use of those words of command plac'd in the Margent which will produce this Convex forme Having brought your Souldiers into this Semicircle you may face them all inwards the better to heare such speeches or orations as shall be by the Commander delivered unto them but for to receive a charge from the enemy you must face them outwards there must be certaine intervalls or distances betwixt each division for the shot to wheele off and march downe in The outmost Arch or first ranke of each division is to present and give fire those of the right Flanke wheeling off to the right and the left Flanke to the left placing themselves in the Reere of their owne divisions of Musquetiers still making good their Leaders ground the rest of the Rankes are to doe the same until they have all given fire Never the lesse if the enemies horse should bee too potent then let them give fire by division as is shewed before passing quite through their intervalls and placing themselves in the Reere of the Pikes every ranke is to make good his Leaders ground Thus also are the rest of the Musquitiers to give fire placing themselves in the concave part of the body as aforesaid following the Pikes which now makes good the Musquetiers ground the Pikes may eyther charge over hand or upon occasion at the foote drawing forth their Swords over their left arme and couching downe their heads by which meanes the Musquitiers may play over their shoulders for the first ranke having fired may kneele downe and charge againe and so the second ranke may give fire and kneele in like sort making ready againe and so all the rest untill the first ranke riseth up with the rest and give fire over againe So the skirmish may be continued the Pikes still opposing the Horse Pikes stand Musquetiers face to the reere and march until your are cleere of your body of Pikes Then face inwards and close your division then face to your Leader and double your Rankes For the reducement of this forme and to bring every Man to his place Let your shot either by firing or passing through be brought into the place they were in before they first gave fire then face the whole body to one of the flankes and march them untill they have evened their Rankes and straitned their Files this done then if all your Pikes be upon the right flanke wheele your right flanke into the midst if on the left flanke wheele Front and Reere into the left flanke This being preformed the Commander must passe to his proper file-Leaders and face the whole body to him and they will be in their first forme This way of firing by extraduction is also a firing in Front it is of singuler good use in a Strait or narrow passage where the wings and Reere may be secured from the fury of the Enemies Horse you must fill the mouth of the Passage with your Pikes and if the length of your Company be not sufficient to doe it then double your Rankes and your Pikes being charged Your Musquetiers being in the Reere are to march up into the Front and give fire as in the next place shal be demonstrated onely first by the way observe the words of directions placed in the Margent which produceth this forme The battel being ordred as a foresaid Let the first Ranke of Musquetiers which are those that followes next after the Pikes face to the right and march forth File-wise up close by the right flanke of Pikes untill he that is

together but after that time is expired you must increase his Ring turnes by two and by two untill he comes to twenty two viz. ten for the left Ring and twelve for the right the proportion of the Ring I have here drawne whereby any man may perceive both the Rings together with the furrowes and place of stopping and turning If you finde your horse not fitting but untoward and unable to tread out this Ring then let some other horse that is perfect tread it out before him and let him follow him but if you tread it out your selfe doe not trot your horse but tread it out softly untill the way be beaten that he may the better see how to demeane himselfe then afterwards to fall on with a gentle trot But if your horse be over metled you shall not suffer him to trot the Rings at all but onely to tread them faire and softly for two or three dayes together untill be be staied and acquainted with them If through often treading the Rings grow hard then tread out new ones When you come to mannage your horse or to passe a carriere it is not then best to use one place alwayes or one length lest hee be to seeke when he change places thinking he should not doe it in any other place or that hee should not passe his accustomed length and so stoppe before you would have him After you have ridden your horse a few weekes you may increase your Ring turnes every day two times untill hee come to 46. which makes a leaven large turnes and a halfe viz. 22. for the left Ring and 24. for the right When soever you gallop your horse in the Ring remember alwayes to helpe him with your Voyce Rodde or Spurre according as the quality of the horse shall require and when he doth well forget not to cherish him When you have trotted or troad your number of Rings that you shall see meete then trot your horse right out in the furrow between the two rings untill you come to the place of stop there staying a good pretty while together keepe his body right in the path and after hee hath made his stoppe you must cause him to goe backe three or foure steps which will not onely stay his mouth and make him easie rayned but also lift his legges and be apt to advance or rise before To teach him to goe backe you must so soone as he hath stopt pull in your bridle hand moderately according as the horses resistance shall require so keeping your hand steady without giving him any liberty strike him softly upon the bowing of his necke with your riding rod saying with a soft voyce in that instant back back I say thus being obsequious unto him a pretty while together if he then will not move his legges or doth make resistance then spurre him in time first with one spurre then with the other but most of that side his hinder part stands out of order when these things are performed and your horse well verst in them then at the stop you shall further teach him to advance or rise with both his fore feete together three or foure times a foote or halfe a yard above the ground this thing is so necessary that the horse cannot manage well nor turne readily without this performance If he will not advance by striking him at his stoppe on the right shoulder with your rod then keepe still a steady hand and correct him twise or thrice together with the even stroke of your spurres or else with one spurre after another cherishing him with your voyce as saying hup hup or hoyce immediately after trot him out againe the distance of forty or fifty foote with a swift trot and at the stoppe doe as you did before continuing the same course untill he be perfect likewise you may teach him the same devices upon his gallop In the next place we are to take notice of the narrow and streight turnes having sufficiently spoken of the former large turnes of the narrow turnes there are three kindes viz. halfe turnes whole turnes and double turnes The halfe turne is when the Horse turneth on the one side and setteth his head the way his Tayle before stood the way he goes being but halfe a Circle but if he doubles it and goes the whole circumference of the Circle his head will stand as it did at his first setting out and this is called a whole turne and two such whole turnes will make a double turne in these turnes divers things are to be considered First that the horse brings in the contrary legge upon the other and that he carries his legges neither too high nor too low also that he keepeth alwayes one path and that he neither presseth forwards not reeleth backwards in his turning also that he keepeth his body at one stay not any wayes awry neither head necke nor any part of his body but to come in whole and round together and to close his turnes in so narrow a roome as may be When you are come out of your Ring trot your horse right out in the middle furrow unto the place of stop and having stopt turne your horse faire and softly on the right hand taking circumference enough that being done give him the like turne on the left hand and then returne him againe as before on the right hand Note when he is to turne on the right hand he is to bring his left foote over the right foote before which is performed by helping him with your voyce in saying to him turne here and by striking him with your rod moderately upon the left shoulder Likewise when you turne him on the left hand helpe him with your voyce as before and with your rod on the right shoulder to bring in the right fore foote over the left fore foote If your horse be harder to turne on one side than on the other you must helpe him with the contrary legge or spurre or with your rod by beating him on the contrary shoulder And to make him close truely it shall be needfull to helpe him with your closing stroke of your heele and Spurre Further if your Horse be so stiffe necked and wresty that he will turne upon one hand and not upon the other you shall tread out in new plowed Land another fashioned Ring as beneath is figured which both differs in shape and in the order of treading from the former For whereas you were wont before in the former figure to goe twice about in the right ring following still the right hand and then to goe twice about the left ring following then the left hand Now in this last ring you shall goe three times about each of them following still the right hand in both of them and whereas before foure goings about made a large turne now sixe goings about shall doe no more than make a large turne the reason is this if you should