Selected quad for the lemma: head_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
head_n	belly_n	loin_n	neck_n	2,690	5	12.2600	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A27239	Essayes of anatomy in which the construction of the organs and their mechanical operations are clearly explained according to the new hypotheses / by ******, Dr. in Medicine, written originally in French.; Essais d'anatomie. English	Beddevole, Dominique, d. ca. 1692.; Scougall, J.	1691 (1691)	Wing B1663; ESTC R4019	65,105	200

that from all the Parts of an Animal certain small Vessels do proceed which the Anatomists call Lymphatick because they are full of a clear and transparent Liquor which they name Lympha The Membranes which compose them are so delicate that they are invisible when they are not replenisht They are inosculated into one another and so compose big enough Trunks which are inserted into the Veins Those which come from the Head and from the Neck are inserted in the Subclavian or in the Jugulars And the most part of those which derive their Origine from the Inferiour parts and from the Viscera of the lower Belly do discharge themselves into one Cistern plac'd upon the Vertebra's of the Loins from whence there goes a Vessel which after having passed over the Vertebra's of the Thorax does void its Lympha into the Subclavian Vein This Cistern is called the Reservatory of the Chyle because the Chyle which is formed in the Stomach by the Digestion of the Meat comes thither and the Vessel which goes from this Reservatory is called Canalis Thoracicus because it is found coucht upon the Vertebra's of the Thorax That which is most remarkable in these Vessels is a great quantity of little Valves which are placed at very small distances from one another They are so disposed as that they permit the Lympha easily to run towards the Veins but they hinder it from coming back again and from flowing towards the parts from whence the Lymphatick Vessels do proceed From whence we may certainly conclude that the Lympha does not come from the Veins but from the parts from whence the Limphatick Vessels do derive their Origine Which agrees perfectly with experience for if you tie with a threed any Lymphatick Vessel the Limpha does so abound between the Ligature and the part from whence the Vessel comes that it blows it up prodigiously and is so emptied between the Ligature and the Veins whether it is going to discharge its self that there it becomes invisible From whence it follows that the use of the Lymphatick Vessels is to carry into the Veins the Limpha which they have received from all the parts of the living Body Wee have not hitherto discovered any Vessel which brings any thing to the parts of the living Body but Arteries and Nerves The Arteries bring Blood and the Nerves Animal Spirits It must needs therefore be that the Lympha comes either from the Arteries alone or from the Nerves alone or from the Arteries and Nerves together It does not seem to come from the Arteries alone for if you cut the Nerves which go to one part there does not flow so much Lympha in the beginning and diminishing by little and little in fine it ceases entirely Neither does it come from the Nerves alone since if you tie the Arteries which carry the Blood to one part it ceases by little and little to furnish Lympha It must needs be therefore that the Lympha come partly from the Arteries and partly from the Nerves And consequently it must be composed of a part of the Arterial Blood and of the Animal Spirits The Lymphatick parts which come from the Blood pass after the same manner as the particles of the Liquors which flow from the Glandules For as these pass from the Blood by being engaged in certain Pores of the Arteries even so the Lymphatick particles finding in the Arteries small Holes through which they may pass they are engaged in them But because they are followed by others which press them forwards they get out and pass into the Fibres of the parts from whence the Lymphatick Vessels come These which come from the Nerves do not get out by this Artifice The Nerves insert their Filaments into the Tendinous Fibres of one part and shed the Animal Spirits into their Cavity The Fibres have Pores through which they escape and mingle themselves with what runs from the Arteries to compose the Lympha by their mixture Since we have establisht in the discourse of Nerves that the Animal Spirits are no thing but a Sulphureous Alcalie we may well think that the Lympha is nothing but a Composure of Volatile Sulphurs Volatile Alcalies and a little Phlegm The Volatile Sulphurs and Volatile Alcalies are the Animal Spirits which enter into its composition and the Phlegm with the fixt Sulphurs are those of its parts which come from the Blood by the Pores of the Arteries An Experiment which succeeds always confirms this Sentiment That is if you gather of the Lympha in a Silver Spoon and place the Spoon on the Fire as soon as it begins to warm there goes from the Lympha a small Vapour and then it hardens like the white of an Egg that is boil'd I say this Experiment confirms that the Lympha is nothing but a Composure of a great deal of Fixt Sulphur a little of Volatile a little of Phlegme and much Volatile Alcalie For the Lympha is fluid whilst the Volatile Alcalies keep its Sulphurs dissolved and it hardens like the white of an Egg how soon the Fire has exhal'd them For then the Fixt Sulphurs being alone do so entangle their branches one with another that they cannot move after the manner that is needful to compose a Liquor As to the Volatile Sulphur and the Phlegme it cannot be denied but there is of them in the Lympha for that the Animal Spirits which compose a part of it are made up of them and the Vapours going from the Lympha when set on the Fire do sufficiently resemble the Vapours of Water We conclude from this that the use of the Lympha is to nourish the parts between the Fibres of which it flows As will appear plainly enough after what we are going to say of Nutrition It is a truth well enough known that many Particles of our Bodies are separated and do exhale and because these parts go out by the Pores of the Skin as if it were a most subtile Wind they call this Transpiration The parts which pass from our Bodies by Transpiration are ordinarily Salts dissolved in Phlegmes with which there are some Sulphurs mingled They are separated from the Blood by the means of an infinite number of small Glandules which are situated under the Skin and whose excretory Vessels end at small Holes which are on the Surface of the Body and which we call Pores These Glandules which we shall call Subcutaneous do receive Arteries send forth Veins and have some Filaments of Nerves So that judging of them by others we may well think that their use is to separate from the Masse of Blood the Saline parts which are formed thereby the Conjunction of the Acids and Alcalies Which makes us conclude that the parts which pass away by Transpiration are parts of the Humours of the living Body and not Particles of its solid parts The Acids which are mingled with the Humours pass away not only when they are joyn'd with the Alcalies but also when they

examine its nature by mingling it with Acids and Alcalies yet we are enclined to think that the Volatile Alcalie prevails in it with an extremely Volatile Sulphur The reason is that all Volatile Alcali's taken inwardly do encrease the Animal Spirits the Volatile Sulphurs do almost the same thing and there is nothing which does so much encrease their quantity as Sulphureous Volatile Alcalies as all Volatile Alcalies Aromatiz'd are The effect of Alcalies upon Sulphurs confirms us in this Sentiment For Alcalies do dissolve Sulphurs by separating their parts one from another and by this means hinder their branches from grapling together For this cause the Interstices or Intervals of the branches are replenisht with Aetherial matter as well as the Pores which remain between the Sulphurs and the Alcalies which being larger than if the Liquor were simply Alcaline or Sulphureous do also contain within them much more of Aetherial matter And for as much as this Aetherial matter is highly agitated it moves with much force all the parts of this Liquor which contributes not a little to its activity and its subtility The fifth Discourse Of the Muscles WHen we follow the Nerves and Arteries we find that the most part of their branches do lose themselves into Carneous Bodies which are covered over with a most delicate Membrane and are called Muscles Three sorts of parts do enter into their Composition 1. We discover in them a great many Arteries and Veins 2 Nerves and in fine small Fibres which are neither Arteries Veins nor Nerves but which are certain small long Filaments most delicate and yet very strong The manner after which they are ranked in the Muscles has something in it very remarkable At first we find them all gathered together and then they resemble a string Afterwards they separate from one another and receive amongst them diverse branches of Arteries Veins In fine they unite together and make again a Cord The first and the second Cords are called Tendons or the Head and Tail of the Muscle And that part which is plac'd between the Head and the Tail and which is the place where the Fibres of the Tendons separate from one another and where they receive the Veins and Arteries amongst them is called the Belly of the Muscle These Fibres are all parallel both in the Tendons and in the Belly In the Tendons some of them are longer than others and in the Belly all are of the same length By the order they are plac'd in they make an Obliquangular Parallelogram in the Belly of the Muscle And they are so closely prest together in the Tendons that they resemble two Strings which draw the Obliquangular Parallelogram by its opposite sides as may be seen in this Figure A. B. represents a Tendon or the head of a Muscle B. C. the Belly and C. D. the other Tendon or the Tail The Arteries and Veins which are spread through the muscle are not to be found but in its Belly if they be found sometimes in the Tendons they are so few that they are not to be regarded So the Tendons are nothing but the Assemblage of the simple Fibres which for this wee shall call the Tendinous Fibres whereas the Interstices which are amongst them in the Belly of the muscle are all replenisht with Veins and Arteries From hence comes the difference which we observe between the colour of the Tendons and that of the Belly of the muscles The Tendons are Brown and the Belly is Red. And it is this part of Animals composed of Tendinous Fibres and of Veins and Arteries which wee call Flesh Therefore we must not imagine that Flesh is Red of its self no more than we are to beleive that a Glass full of red Wine is red of its self But rather as the Glass appears Red because the Liquor that is within it is of that colour even so Flesh and all the other parts of the Body of an Animal appear Red only because of the Redness of the Blood which is contain'd in the Veins and Arteries of these sorts of parts This truth is demonstrated by an Experiment which renders it Incontestable That is if you make Injections of warm water into the Arteries which spread their Banches through the Flesh after you have repeated frequently the Injection the Flesh becomes of the colour of the Tendons The Muscles are not only composed of Arteries Veins and Tendinous Fibres but the Nerves also make one of their parts They march first upon their Coat and pierce it When they have pierced it they divide themselves in most delicate Branches which are mosculated with the Tendinous Fibres Sometimes the Nerves enter into the Tendons and sometimes into the Belly of the Muscles But in what part soever they enter we find alwayes the extremites of their Branches to end at the Tendinous Fibres All these Tendinons Fibres have a Cavity that goes through them like unto a Tube or Pipe Indeed this Cavity cannnot be seen by the eye but there is an Experiment which abundantly shews the necessity of it that it cannot be Contradicted by those who will hearken to reason The Experiment is that alwayes when a Muscle acts its Fibres are considerably shortned and in the mean time they swell bigger Nevertheless we cannot conceive how flexible Fibres can swell bigger and be shortn'd at the same time but by the means of some Liquor which fills a Cavity that pierces them from one end to the other After this it will not be very hard to discover how all these things must act Each Tendinous Fibre receives a Branch of a Nerve and each branch of the Nerve sheds animal Spirits into the Cavity of the Tendinous Fibre The Animal Sprits are the most subtil and the most agitated parts of the Blood When they enter into the Cavity of the Tendinous Fibres they blow them up and shorten them Even as the Air which is blown into a bladder swells it and shortens it at the same time If we consider after this that the Belly of the Muscle is stuff'd throughout with Arteries and Veins we will grant that the Tendinous Fibres cannot be blown up without diminishing the Cavities of the Arteries and Veins from whence if follows that the Blood is driven out of them It is for this that in some Animals the Muscles become white alwayes when the Animal Spirits do dilate the Tendinous Fibres If in fine we take notice that when the Blood stops in the Arteries and Veins the Tendinous Fibres do not receive enough or motion from the Animal Spirits to thrust forward that Bloud which stayes amongst them From hence it follows that in such rencounters they cannot dilate nor become shorter From hence we may conclude that there are two things absolutly necessary for the blowing up of the Tendinous Fibres of the Muscles the first is that the Animal Spirits must have their free course through the Nerve which goes to the Muscle For since the Tendinous