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head_n	belly_n	foot_n	knee_n	4,575	5	13.2066	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
B05906	The parfait mareschal, or Compleat farrier. Which teacheth, I. To know the shapes and goodness, as well as faults and imperfections of horses. II. The signs and causes of their diseases, the means to prevent them, their cure, and the good or bad use of purging and bleeding. III. The way to order and preserve them, when upon travel, to feed, and to dress them. IV. The art of shoeing, according to a new design of shoes, which will recover bad feet, and preserve the good. Together with a treatise, how to raise and bring up a true and beautiful race of horses: as also instructions, whereby to fit all kinds of horses with proper bits, whereof the chief draughts are represented in copper-plates. / Written originally in French by the Sieur de Solleysel Escuyer, sometime one of the overseers of the French Kings Royal Academy of Riding, near to the Hostel de Conde in Paris. And translated from the last Paris impression, by Sir William Hope of Kirkliston Kt. Lieutenat Governour of the Castle of Edinburgh. By whom is also added as a supplement to the first part, a most compendious and excellent collection of horsemanship, taken from the best and most modern writers upon that subject, such as Mr. De la Brow, Pluvinel, and the Great Duke of Newcastle. Part I.; Parfait mareschal. English. 1696	Solleysel, Jacques de, 1617-1680.; Hope, William, Sir.	1696 (1696)	Wing S4458; ESTC R184351	1,036,506	744

to draw blood from any of the Members governed by any of the Celestial Signs when the Moon enters into that Sign whereby the Member is governed that they intend to take blood from because at that time that particular part of the body will abound with humidity which might occasion some extraordinary defluction of humors upon it and to know exactly what Signs which in the Almanacks and other Astronomical Books are commonly marked with the following Characters govern such and such Members you are to remember that Aries ♈ governs the Head Taurus ♉ the Neck and Throat Gemini ♊ the fore Thighs and Legs Cancer ♋ the Counter or Breast Leo ♌ the Heart Virgo ♍ the Belly and Guts Libra ♎ the Back and Reins Scorpio ♍ the Privy-parts Sagittarius ♐ the Thighs Capricornus ♑ the Knees and Hams Aquarius ♒ the Bones of the Legs and Shanks and Pisces ♓ the Feet of both the hind and fore Parts in Rhyme thus Aries Head Taurus Neck Gemini Arms require Cancer Breast Leo Heart Virgo Guts desire Libra Loins Scorpio Secrets Sagitarius Thighs Capricorn Knees Aquarius Legs and Pisces Feet supplies But without having regard to these Observations whose Foundations may be debated People don't scruple when necessity requires to act without consulting the Constellations although without an urgent necessity they should not Now Horses have a great many Veins through their whole body which may be seen in the Anatomy Del Segnior Carlo Ruini printed at Venice and in Mr. Snaps Anatomy of a Horse in English But People most commonly blood them in the Jugular Veins which lye in each side of the neck near to the throat they blood them there for prevention but it should never be done when the Moon is in Taurus ♉ this being observed as much as possible a Horse may be bled in that part for several Diseases as I have already told you to wit for the Farcy Mange Diseases of Repletion or too great abundance of Blood and many others People take blood from the Temples for the infirmities in the Eyes occasioned by accident if the Moon be not in Aries ♈ these Infirmities must proceed from strokes bites or blows and then the Veins in those parts are to be opened with a smal Lance. Horses are bled beneath the Tongue for Head-akes or for being disgusted and over-heated by excessive Labour or for Colicks and the Vives people have a little Lance made purposly for opening the Veins in that part They also bleed Horses in the Gristle of the Nose by strikeing it through with an Awl or Botkin without regarding whether they hit the Vein or not and that for Colicks Vives and for being very much overheated by excessive rideing As also in the middle of the Palate above the fourth Bar when a Horse is disgusted they bleed them in this part more conveniently with a Lance than with a Horn although people commonly term it the strikeing a Horse in the Palate with a Horn it is good for Horses which are dull harassed and overheated This bleeding in the Palate is many times practised with a great deal of success by persons who know not why they do it They give to their Horses every first Tuesday of the Month a stroke in the Palate with a Lance or sharp Horn in French un Coup de Corne and then cause receive the blood amongst a measure of bran which the Horse afterwards eats and these Horses which are thus ordered are observed to thrive extraordinarly I know no reason for this only experience hath discovered to me that the practice of it is pretty good although I am altogether ignorant of its cause If it happen that your Horse lose too much blood by a stroke thus given him in the Palate you are to raise his head very high by tying a cord about his upper fore-teeth as if you were going to give him a drench and then the blooding will stop of its own accord I saw once a Horse who dyed of a stroke thus given him in the Palate with a sharp horn and whereof they could not stop the blooding neither with Vitriol nor with a button of fire or any thing else they could apply so that the Horse lost all his blood and dyed I have since fallen upon a Remedy that would have saved him and w●● is but a triffle Take the half of a Walnut-shell and applying the hollow i● of it to the orifice of the Wound press it a little hard upon it and so hold it for quarter of an hour after which the shell will stick of its own accord and so 〈◊〉 the blood which perhaps no other remedy could have done People also take blood from the Basilsck or fore-thigh vein for strains in the should or when the Mange is in those parts but this is very rarely done and when it is must be observed that the Moon be neither in the Sign of Gemins II nor Cancer 〈◊〉 and when it is taken from these Veins it is commonly with Fleems and not with Lance. They take blood from the Pasterns for strains infirmities in the Hams and K●●● observing that the Moon be not in Aquarius 〈◊〉 it is taken from those parts 〈◊〉 with a Fleem or Lance as a man hath a mind for it Horses are let blood of in the Toes for beating in the Feet infirmities of the Le● such as swellings and oppression of the Nerves c. providing that the Moon be 〈◊〉 in Pisces ♓ it is taken in this part with the Butteris or drawing Iron They are bled in the Flanks for Colicks and other pains in the Belly someti●● also for the Farcy still observing that the Moon be not in Virgo ♍ the Veins of 〈◊〉 Flanks are opened with a small Lance made for that purpose In the flat of the Thighs for blows and strains in the hanches taking notice 〈◊〉 the Moon be not in Sagittarius ♐ it is drawn there with Fleems In the Tail or Dock for the Fever and Pursyness but then it is to be noticed 〈◊〉 the Moon be not in Scorpio ♏ people take it in this part with a long Lance. When a man bleeds a Horse he should alwayes make a good large Orifice in the Vein that so the most thick and terrestrial Blood may be evacuated because when the Orifice is too small it is only the most subtile of the blood that is drawn so that is this case the blooding doth more hurt than good I have made these Observations of the Celestial Signs which are good when the Disease will allow you the time to make choise of your own hour for blood-letting but if the Disease be pressing then there is neither Sign nor Constellation which should delay or hinder it CHAP. LXX Of the Precautions to be observed in Blood-letting WHen a man intends to blood a Horse he should not only let him rest the day before but also the day following He should likewise choose for it as I have

as they Having observed all I have been saying you are as yet to consider if your horse be Sound that is if he doe not halt you will know it best upon the Step or Trot for upon a Gallop a man can perceive but very little without having had a great and long experience especially if the lameness lie in his fore quarters but still it will be less perceptible if he be gallop't by a good and skilful horseman The surest way then by far to know if a horse halt is to make use of the very same method people take for Coach horses which is to cause trot them along the streets i● ones hand it is there that a man cannot possibly disguise and conceal a horses lameness and is the true touch stone whereby a man cannot be deceived in buying any kind of Horses and not only for knowing if they halt but also for observing their strength and reins When a horse trotteth in ones hand you are to observe if the lifting up keeping up and setting down of his fore Legs in French Le Lever Le Soutien et L'Appuy be such as they ought and as I have already told you in the 11 Chapter if he keep his Reins streight and equall without rocking or swinging his head high well placed and firm for if he halt he will mark every time in his trot with a motion of his head When a horse rocketh which I have explained in discoursing of the Step or Walk it is when one of his haunch bones goes up and the other down always the one after the other every st●p he marketh with his trot for his Croup should not at all move thus after the fashion of a ballance beam and if it do it is a token of no great strength The Horse-Marchants are obliged to warrant and secure the horses they sell from these infirmities following to wit Pursyness Glanders that he shall prove sound when either warm or cold that is that he shall no more halt after he is warm than he did at first going out of the stable when cold If a horse have any of these three infirmities people both at Paris and almost over all France oblige the seller to take him again within nine dayes after the delivery For the other infirmities which I have been all along explaining in the preceeding Chapters you are to have your eyes as sharp and clear sighted as possible that so you may discover them because thē Horse-marchants who are otherwayes generally called Horse-coursers are not obliged to warrant them nay nor even the Eyes for it is to be supposed that you might have looked to them and so have discovered whether they were good or not but if you are a buying a horse from a Gentleman or Burgess who tells you expresly that he will not warrant his soundness you should in that case use all diligence imaginable to discover the horses infirmities if you suspect he have any for when a horses price is once payed it is very difficult to make him be taken back again When a Man buyeth a Horse at Paris it is very fit to know the person from whom he is bought least he might have been stoln because it is lawful for the true owner of the Horse to take him again where ever he can find him so that in this case the Buyer will be sent to seek after the Seller he knoweth not where and if he cannot find him the price of the Horse is lost for good and all it is just so when a Man buyeth a Horse in the weekly Mercats but if it be in an open and publick Fair there is no such hazard You are yet further to observe if the Horse you intend to buy be right situat and planted upon his legs and feet as he is standing still and quiet and that he have the toes of his hind feet pointing streight forwards and turned neither out nor in or that he do not bring his hind legs too much forwardbeneath his belly as he is standing which is the very worst of all stances People say of such a horse that his two ends or head and Croup are going to join when they perceive him standing in such a posture and it is either a token of a bad horse or that he is much fatigued when he thus endeavours to give ease to his fore-legs by bringing forwards and as it were beneath his belly those behind that so he may make them support the most considerable weight of his body Having thus examined your horse in every point as I have directed you will when once you have had a little practice in the twinkling of an eye find out and discover the smallest imperfection so that if a horse have any it will be the first thing will fall under your view and presently displease you you are in the next place to consider if he have a good Mouth CHAP. XVIII How to know if a Horses Mouth be good and Loyal A Horse to have a good Mouth CHAP. XVIII How to know if a Horses Mouth be good and Loyal should have a well raised Neck and if it be somewhat large and thick it should be at least well turned his reins strong and well shapt and his legs and feet likewise if he have all these right no doubt but he will have unless it be by accident a very good Mouth Look to or rather feel between the upper parts of the jaw-bones to know if they are sufficiently well seperate that so the Horse may with the more ease bring in and place his head exactly for if these two bones be too closs upon other and that he have also a short and thick Neck charged with flesh so that he cannot place his Head right his having a good mouth well be to little purpose because you cannot make use of it and also this goodness of the Mouth is only agreeable when the Head is brought in to its best situation and posture for we do not imitate the Cravates who make their horse carry their Noses in the Air by which they are very subject to falling and also when any of them are in thir countryes the Clods or Stones in the high-wayes make them frequently trip and stumble You have in the second Chapter of this First part particular observations whereby to know when a Horses Mouth is good to which I referr you that I may avoid repetitions put your finger into the horse's Mouth pressing his barr pretty hard with it and if you find that it paineth him it is a token that the barr is sensible and consequently that his Mouth is good but upon the contrary if the barr be not sensible his Mouth will be nought for a horses Mouth is no otherwise good but it so far as it is less or more sensible however too great a degree of it will render it bad as I shall shew you Move your Finger also along his barrs to feel if they be high and ridged and

pain● nor diligence to compose it exactly therefore if you design to have it well made either prepare it your self or see it prepared or at least be sure that the person to whom you trust its composition be honest and faithfull The powder is as followeth Sect. 2. The Lieutenants Powder which is a Preventer as well as Curer of Diseases THis powder should be prepared rather in Summer as in Winter take the Leaves of Sage Sect. 2. and Carduus benedictus dryed in the shade of each th●●● Ounces Roots of long Birth-wort and Leaves of Fluellin in La●● Veronica of each two Ounces dryed also in the shade beat all into course powder and putting them into a Glazed earthen pot imbibe or soak them well with g●● Spirit of Wine after which cover the earthen Vessel with another lute well the joyning and then expose it to the Sun if in Summer or set it in a warm place if Winter such as the heat of a stove or of an oven when the Bread new drawn When the powder is perfectly dry reimbibe it with new Spirit of 〈◊〉 which must be done for three times keeping the Vessels exactly closs luted and ●●ing it well after every time as I have told you while you are a doing this prep● the rest as followeth Take of the juice of Liquorish roots of Elecampane and of the Missle-toe of 〈◊〉 or in place of it Zedoary of each three Ounces of Gentian four Ounces of 〈◊〉 berries Anniseeds and Cummin-seeds of each two Ounces Angelica-roots of Bohemia two Ounces of Cross-wort or Devils-bit and if you can get neither of these take in their place of China-root two Ounces Beat all into powder and mix them well puting them also into a Glazed Vessel to be imbibed as the preceeding ingredients with the following decoction taking alwayes care that the two vessels be exactly well luted Take of the missle-toe of Pear-tree Apple-tree or Oak Sect. 2. and of the roots of Mallows bruised as much of the one as of the other then half as much of the Herb Lung-wort or that of Colts-foot all gathered fresh if possible make of all a decoction with Old White-wine causing the roots to boyl in it about half a● hour before you throw in the Leaves then having Squeized out the Liquor imbibe with it the last mentioned mixture of powders until it be all throughly wet then cover the Glaized earthen Vessel in which you have put it with another exactly adjusted to it and luteing well their joynings set it in the Heat of the Sun or in the moderate heat of a stove until it be perfectly dry after which reimbibe it a Second time with the same decoction letting it dry again the Vessels being still kept closs and well luted but the Third time you shall soak and moisten this powder with the Spirit of wine letting it also dry with a moderate heat in the Luted earthen Vessels as before when it is dry mix the First powder and this very well together all which being throughly dryed shall be exactly well beat together and mixed and kept very closs pressed in either a glass Vessel or leather bag as a precious and excellent Powder Now when a Man would preserve a horse from any indispositions which might befall him he should every third month or at least every sixt give his horse in two measures of Bran two Spoonfulls or an Ounce and a half of this powder the Bran being first a little moistned with water that so the powder may cleave to it after which he is to tye him up for two hours to the Rack without suffering him to eat and this he is to continue for five or six dayes which will prevent and stop the course of many diseases If a horse be disgusted give him a Dose of this powder in the manner following The use of the Lieuten● powder Let him fast six hours and then mixing two ordinary Spoonfuls or an Ounce and a half of this powder with half an English pint of White-wine and as much of a healthfull Childs Urine give it to the horse which should also be kept after taking it six hours without eating If a horse's Eye be dull his Hair stareing or that he be not according to his usual custom hearty then give him a dose of this powder It is excellent for all kinds of Colicks for the Vives and for the Grips and pains in the Belly by administring a dose so soon as the indisposition is discovered It is good for Colded horses which cast and cough For Rhumes Strangle and False-strangle For the diseases in the head it cures them infallibly if it be given in the begining of the distemper and so soon as a man perceives the horse to forsake his meat or loss his Appetite For horses which have suffered much in the Army or which cannot be made easily up and fatned it performs wonders upon them In fine for all diseases which proceed from a cold cause crudities or indigestions it is excellent giving it either amongst moistned Oats wet Bran or more properly amongst White-wine and Childs Urine as I have already ordered This powder hath many other Vertues which its use will more fully discover to you CHAP. LXXIII The Names and Vertues of Ointments Emplasters Oils and distilled Waters commonly made use of for Horses Sect. 1. THe four hot Ointments are the Ointments of Aregon Martiatum A●●● and Agrippa CHAP. LXXIII The Names and Vertues of Ointments Emplasters c. comonly made use of for horses The Vnguentum Aregon hath derived its Name from its effects see Aregon in Arabick signifies helpfull Its vertues are to heat Attenuate and digest and is therefore excellent in the cold distempers of the Nerves The Martiatum takes its Name from the person who invented it It is g●● for coldness in the brain and particularly to mollify hard Swellings as also 〈◊〉 the cold affections of the Nerves and joynts The Althaa hath its Name from its Basis or fundation which is the 〈◊〉 Mallow The four hot Ointments It Heats Moistens Lenifies Digests expells the intemperatness of C●●● is profitable for hardned Nerves corrects what is too dry and rectifies the 〈◊〉 humors which are contained in the Muscles The Agrippa derives its Name from one Agrippa King of Judea it is p●●● for softning as also it Attenuates and incides or cuts powerfully discusses 〈◊〉 or insensible Phlegmatick tumors and is good for all inveterate pains● the Nerves The four cold Ointments The four cold Ointments are the Album Rhasis Mesu's Ointment of 〈◊〉 the Populneum and the Vnguentum Refrigerans Galent The Album Rasis is good for heats excoriations and blistering of the 〈◊〉 for Galling and Ulcers proceeding from heat intemperatness or too great 〈◊〉 in any part and other imperfections of the skin The Ointment of Roses appeases inflammations and the Erysiely or 〈◊〉 Authony's fire The Populueum continues no longer good than a year because its coo● Vertue

Sadle maketh an oblique Line cross the Horses neck which line with the help of the Riders outward Legg puteth back the Horses outward shoulder and foreward his inward shoulder and so presses him upon the outside of the Turn and gives his Leggs liberty within the Turn which is most proper for Terra a Terra or the short Gallop his Croup in but it is naught for Corvets because it subjects his Croup too much yet it worketh his Croup mightily either Legg and Rein contrary his Croup out or in passaging his Croup in upon narrow Circles of his own length or a little larger and if you thus raise him upon Pesats it subjects him extreamly to the Heel But this oblique Line cross his Neck and fastned to the Pommel is not so powerful as when it is in your Hand and you pull it towards your Outward Shoulder although your hand hath not that strength to hold it so steady as when it is fastned to the Pommel now I say notwithstanding of this weakness of your hand the oblique line of the Cavezon Rein which is held in it is of more Force and Efficacy then when it is tyed to the Pommel because the line is longer when it is in your hand and pulled cross the Horses Neck towards your Outward shoulder then when it is tyed to the Pommel and it is the length of this oblique Line and not the Stayedness or Fixedness of it which giveth it the Power and Force to press a Horse so much upon the out side of the Turn and give him so much Liberty within and consequently to work his Croup therefore when you have his Head to the Wall if you would work his Shoulders pull the Cavezons inward Rein low and towards your Knee but if you would work his Croup then pull it cross his Neck with your Nailes up and towards your Outward Shoulder Yet there is no doubt but that though the Inward Rein be tyed to the Pommel or pulled cross the Horses Neck and be wrought upon the Trot and Gallop in large circles his Croup out As in Plate fourth figure sixth but that it Suppleth his Shoulders although not so powerfully as when it is tyed to the Girths or pulled low and the Reason is because his Croup is out and it is certain that when a Horse is wrought with his Croup out what ever way the Inward Rein be pulled high or low his shoulders are alwayes suppled because when his Croup is put out of necessity his outward shoulder must come in and so be suppled Having now shown you the different Operations of the Cavezons inward Rein when tyed to the Girths or pulled low and tyed to the Pommel or pulled high and cross the Horses Neck which is of great consequence to be exactly understood by any person who designs to be a Compleat Horseman I shall now show you to what degree of straitness that same inward Rein should be drawn when first to be made fast to either Pommel or Girths you must then at first fastening draw the Rein no straiter then to make your Horse look with one eye into the Turn that is just only so strait as that he may not look out of the Turn because if you should draw it straiter he not being as yet accustomed to it it would make him still to turn round almost in one place in stead of going foreward which would make but a pitiful kind of Mannage and be a ready Means also to make him become Rosty therefore to prevent that inconveniency shorten only the Rein of the Cavezon proportionably as you shall find your Horse well accustomed to Ride with his Neck thus plyed and bent so that at length you will come to make him look with almost both his Eyes into the Volt or Turn which will perfect him mightily in his Terra a Terra and make his Body ply and form a part of the Circle wherein he is Riding which is the true and exact posture of body which a Ready Horse should alwayes frame in going his Mannage upon a Volt or Circle his Croup in Now after your Horse can perform all his Lessons dextrously the Cavezons inward Rein being thus tyed short to the Pommel of the Saddle and you helping him still with your Bridle hand as he shall require it There is no doubt but by this time he will be brought a great length in knowing and understanding the different Operations of the Bitt both upon his Barrs and place of the Curb and therefore after this time I would advise you to lay wholly aside your Cavezon except for once or twice a Week that you should alwise give him his Lessons with it and make only use of your Bridle Reins either both in one hand or otherwayes sometimes seperate one in each hand but I am rather for having alwayes both in the Left hand for then the Right is still free to make use of the Rod or Sword if you shall have Occasion for it having therefore your Bridle in your Left hand and your Rod in the Right work him in all the preceeding Lessons until he be perfect in them taking special care to work him alwayes more upon a Square then Circle and having still recourse when you shall stand in need of them to these Helps of the Bridle Voice Rod Calfs of the Leggs and Spurrs which I have most exactly explained to you already in the 14. and 17 Chapters of this Treatise and therefore shall not in this place trouble you with a Repetition of them seeing you may easily turn back to those Chapters where they are discoursed of But before I proceed to the more nice part of the Art which is to teach you how to make your Horse go the Terra a Terra Piroyte Passades Corvets and all Leaps in perfection I shall conclude this Chapter with a few very useful Directions as followeth First then If your Horse press forewards too much stay him well upon the Hand or pull him back if he offer to go back press him forewards if he go sidewayes against your will to the Right hand put him sidewayes upon the Left and if he will go sidewayes upon the Left hand force him to go sidewayes upon the Right if he put too much out his Croup by throwing it upon your Outward heel then with your Outward spurr put it in and if he put it in too much by throwing it upon your Inward heel then with your Inward spurr force it out again if he go too much upon his shoulders then stop him frequently and make him go back and also stay him well upon the hand as you are Galloping him but if he go upon his Haunches then continue him so if he advance or rise before when you would not have him then as he is a falling give him the Spurrs and keep him down and do all this first upon a Walk then a Trot and last of all upon a short Gallop which will make him attend

proportionably to his Strength for 't is better to divide the Dose than to endanger the Horse's Life by Superpurgation This Oil may be kept Ten Years without the least Alteration or Diminution of its Virtue and therefore you may prepare a sufficient quantity at one time to serve four or six Horses and you may also use it in Clysters if need require Keep the Horse bridl'd six hours before and five hours after the taking of the Medicine which must be given in a Pint of Broth made with Tripes Sheep's-Head or some other kind of Flesh but without any mixture of Fat and then walk him about an hour Those who keep many Horses and even profess'd Farriers may prepare large quantities of this Oil and keep it by 'em till they have occasion to use it Tho' Coloquintida be an Enemy to the Guts and therefore may seem suspicious in a Disease that is seated in those Parts yet it s sharp and venomous Quality being temper'd by the Oil it may be very safely given especially in Broth made with Tripes or Sheeps-Heads This Oil may also serve to purge those Horses that remain lean and meagre after hard Labour without any manifest Distemper CHAP. XLVII Of the Fourth Kind of Colic THis Kind of Colic is occasion'd by Worms which stick to the Stomach and great Guts and cause such violent and intolerable Pains that the tormented Horse is driven to the most desperate Actions and sometimes lies stretch'd on the Ground as if he were dead The Worms or Truncheons that cause those Gripings are usually broad thick and short like little Beans of a red Colour there are others long and white sharp at both Ends but these are not so dangerous as the former and seldom gripe the Horse These little Worms gnaw and pierce the Guts from whence proceed the intolerable Pains with which the Horse is tormented I mean the first Kind of Worms that occasion all these Disorders and even somtimes eat Holes thro' the Maw and kill the Horse You may conclude that the Pain proceeds from Worms when you find 'em among the Horse's Dung but the red Sort is not easily discern'd being almost of the same Colour with the Excrements You may also know that the Horse is troubl'd with 'em when during the Violence of the Pain he bites his Flanks or Belly and tears off part of his Skin as if he were mad afterwards he will turn his Head and look upon his Belly sweat all over the Body throw himself upon the ground start up again and put himself into several unusual Postures Since I design afterwards to describe all the various Kinds of Worms that are generated in the Bodies of Horses I shall here confine my self to the proper Subject of this Chapter When a Horse is troubl'd with the Worms mix half an Ounce of Mercurius dulcis with an Ounce and a half of old Treacle and make up the whole into three Pills which must be given in a Pint of Claret An hour after inject a Clyster of two Quarts of Milk with the Yolks of six Eggs and a quarter of a Pound of Sugar which by its Sweetness will entice the Worms to the streight Gut The best Mercurius dulcis may be had for fifteen Pence the Ounce See the Hundred and fifty eighth Chapter where you will find several ways to destroy Worms by Purgation Powders Potions c. A Gentleman of my Acquaintance having sent to a little Town for half an Ounce of Mercurius dulcis the Apothecary sent him corrosive Sublimate which he gave without scruple to his Horse who dy'd of it and after his Body was open'd the Disorders caus'd by the Poison appear'd in his Throat and Maw for the Quid pro Quo was somewhat too strong on this occasion To prevent such dangerous Cheats you must make the Apothecary put some of the Mercury on the tip of his Tongue for that which is truly prepar'd is so free from all manner of Sharpness that it will not so much as prick the Tongue and I my self usually taste it without either Fear or Danger But if it be corrosive Sublimate he will either refuse to taste it or only touch it very slightly There are several other Powders prescrib'd for killing Worms of which I shall treat in time and place convenient but Mercurius dulcis is the most effectual for the Vapour of it alone kills all manner of Worms yet if this fail you may have recourse to other Remedies The Clysters that are given to Horses troubl'd with Worms may be made of Tripe-Broth or Barley-water boil'd with Agrimony and Purslane of each one handful In this Liquor dissolve half a Pound of Honey the Yolks of eight Eggs half a Pound of Sugar and inject it blood-warm for by reason of its Sweetness it will draw those troublesome Insects to the streight Gut CHAP. XLVIII A Specific Powder for all the Four Kinds of this Distemper already describ'd SInce 't is hard to distinguish certainly the true Cause of the Colic during the Fit I thought fit to propose a Powder which may be given with Success in all the Kinds of that Distemper mention'd in the preceding Chapters This will prevent the ill Consequences of a Mistake for 't is good for the Colic caus'd by Indigestion since it promotes the Concoction of the Matter that floats in the Horse's Maw It breaks and dispels Wind it prepares and digests that crude and glassy Phlegm which causes the Third Kind of Colic nor is it less admirably useful to destroy Worms with the Additions that shall be afterwards mention'd besides it makes the Horse piss and therefore is of excellent Use in the Fifth Kind Only 't is not proper in that Kind of Colic which proceeds from Choler but since the Disease seldom derives its Original from thence you may use this Medicine without any Scruple for 't is both cheap and effectual and you ought always to keep some of it by you The Composition of it follows Take Roots of Master-wort Leaves and Roots of Raddishes greater Centory and Tansy Dry 'em in the Sun in the Summer and in an Oven with a moderate degree of Heat in the Winter then take a Pound of each Germander Ground-pine Roots of Angelica and Elecampane all dry'd in the Shade of each half a Pound Corallin or Sea-Moss and Liver-Aloes of each four Ounces Galingal Nutmeg and Sal Prunellae of each two Ounces Reduce all the Ingredients to Powder separately then mix em and keep 'em in a Leathern-Bag or Glass-Bottle close stopp'd The Dose is an Ounce for small Horses two Ounces for those of a middle Size and two Ounces and a half for the largest Horses Mix it with half an Ounce or three Drams of old Treacle or an Ounce of Treacle diatessaron or Mithridate then give it the Horse in a Pint of White-Wine and afterwards walk him in his Cloaths Those who travel with several Horses ought always to make provision of this Powder not only

principle of all these Disturbances is Cold that is a viscous and heavy Flegm that obstructs the Veins or the Passages of respiration And this observation may serve to deter all those who are not perfectly acquainted with the Causes and Effects of a Disease from attempting the Cure of it Purgation is very troublesome to Short-Winded Horses and therefore ought to be omitted but in cases of extream necessity you may loosen your Horses Belly without any disturbance after the following manner How to Loosen a Pursive Horse's Belly Keep your Horse two Days without Drinking and in the mean time give him his usual allowance of Food but you must not ride him then offer him a Pail-full of Water and as soon as he has swallow'd one Draught pull up his Head and restrain him from drinking more till you have pour'd two Pounds of the best Oil-Olive into the Pail after which suffer him to drink up all the Water and Oil which will loosen his Belly and supple the surface of the Guts that were dry'd by the heat occasion'd by Putrefaction Thus the Excrements or peccant Humours that were lodg'd in the Passages will be evacuated without disturbing or over-turning the oeconomy or natural disposition of the Body and the Horse will be very sensibly reliev'd supposing that you were convinc'd by certain and evident signs of the necessity of Purgation To prevent the loss of the Oil if the Horse should refuse to drink it you may make an Essay by pouring a little Oil upon the Water and offering it to the Horse for there are some Horses who will not taste it tho' at the same time they are extreamly tormented with Thirst by reason of the aversion they have for all unctuous things and therefore the surest way is to give him two Pounds of fresh and sweet Oil-Olive with a Horn keeping him Bridl'd four Hours before and as long after for thus you need not make him abstain so long from Drinking as you must do if you give him the Oil mixt with Water however you may choose which Method you like best but the last is certainly the surest After the Purgation you may repeat the use of the above-mention'd Powder which in that case will operate very powerfully and if after all the Horse continue Short-Winded you may conclude that the Cure will be very difficult if not impossible If you administer the Oil without very apparent signs of an urgent necessity you must expect to be allarm'd with the ill Consequences of a Preposterous Purgation for if your Horse be of a Choleric Constitution or have too much Fire in his Temper he will absolutely forsake his Meat and swell eight or ten Hours after the Dose in so prodigious a manner that you wou'd think he was just ready to burst But the danger is not so great as the Swelling seems to threaten and you may easily preserve your Horses Life by observing these Directions After you have walk'd him half an Hour give him a Clyster of Beer and the Scoriae of Antimony such as you will find describ'd in several parts of this Book half an Hour after walk him again for the space of an Hour and as soon as you bring him into the Stable inject another Clyster which will open your Horse's Body and produce a plentiful Evacuation for twenty four Hours nor must you be surpriz'd if he refuse to eat during that time for his Appetite will return after the Purgation is over These Disorders never happen to Horses that are of a most Constitution lazy and full of Humours in which case you may administer a Purgative Remedy safely and with good Success This diversity of Constitutions must be observ'd with a great deal of care and sagacity CHAP. CXVII An excellent Powder for Pursive Horses TAke three Pounds of Linseed and spread 'em in an Earthen Pan then put the Pan into an Oven as soon as the Bread is taken out shut the Oven and stir the Seed in the Pan once every Hour Continue after the same manner to put the Pan into the Oven immediately after the Bread is taken out till the Seeds grow dry and brittle and all their Moisture be exhal'd Then take two Pounds of Liquorice rasp'd or rather a Pound of the black Juice of Liquorice which is more effectual and almost as cheap Aniseeds half a Pound Sage and Leaves and Flowers of Hyssop dry'd of each half a Pound Carduus Benedictus and Leaves and Flowers of Lesser Centory of each four Ounces Leaves of Long Birthwort two Ounces Speedwel and Sanicle of each two handfuls Roots of Elecampane four Ounces Comfrey and Roots of Marsh-Mallows or Mallows of each two Ounces Gentian half an Ounce Missleto of the Oak two Ounces dry all the Ingredients in the Shade reduce each of 'em to Powder a-part mix 'em together carefully and preserve the Powder in a Leathern-Bag close ty'd Give the Horse every Morning two small Silver Spoonfuls of the Powder in two Measures of moisten'd Wheat-Bran making him fast an Hour and a half after it At Noon and at Night mix a Spoonful with his Oates which must be also moisten'd and in the mean time give him no Hay but only good Wheat-Straw If your Horse be not eas'd by a methodical use of this Remedy you may conclude his Disease to be incurable I thought it needless to treat particularly of the Cough because the above-mention'd Remedies cure that Symptom as well as the Distemper for which they are prescrib'd since both proceed from the same Cause I am not ignorant that the Cure proceeds more successfully when Pursiveness is the only Distemper than when 't is accompany'd with a Cough and 't is to be observ'd that either a Cough or heaving in the Flanks may be singly cur'd without much difficulty but when they are both joyn'd together they are not easily to be remov'd The successful effects of those Powders gave me occasion to consider and endeavour to discover the reason why cooling Remedies are not only useless but oftentimes hurtful in a Disease that is accompany'd with so many signs of Heat And after a tedious Examination of the Nature and Circumstances of this Distemper I was inclin'd to believe as I hinted before that its original cause is almost always Cold since it usually proceeds from tough and flegmatick Humours that obstruct both the Veins and Passages of Respiration The adventitious and accidental Heat communicated to Water by the Fire does not change or destroy its natural coldness and the same Observation may be apply'd to those cold and flegmatick Humours when they are heated by Putrefaction which occasions a Fermentation and Ebullition accompany'd with external signs of Heat tho' the Humours are still really Cold. From hence 't is plain that tho' a cooling Remedy may allay the Fermentation for some time the Disease will be afterwards more confirm'd since the Flegm that causes it is not only increas'd by the coldness of the Medicine but grows thicker