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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
head_n	belly_n	foot_n	knee_n	4,575	5	13.2066	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A70735	Africa being an accurate description of the regions of Ægypt, Barbary, Lybia, and Billedulgerid, the land of Negroes, Guinee, Æthiopia and the Abyssines : with all the adjacent islands, either in the Mediterranean, Atlantick, Southern or Oriental Sea, belonging thereunto : with the several denominations fo their coasts, harbors, creeks, rivers, lakes, cities, towns, castles, and villages, their customs, modes and manners, languages, religions and inexhaustible treasure : with their governments and policy, variety of trade and barter : and also of their wonderful plants, beasts, birds and serpents : collected and translated from most authentick authors and augmented with later observations : illustrated with notes and adorn'd with peculiar maps and proper sculptures / by John Ogilby, Esq. ...	Ogilby, John, 1600-1676.	1670 (1670)	Wing O163; Wing D241; ESTC R22824	857,918	802

power of Nature to look with very fixed Eyes upon its Beams and for that cause they sometime pourtray the Sun in the form of a Hawk Those who had willingly or unwillingly kill'd a Hawk or the Bird Ibis Herodot were without hope of pardon condemn'd to die Nay so high was their Veneration of it that they ceremoniously buried a dead Hawk and brought it to the City Bulis It hath been observ'd The Egyptians have taken several Letters from the forms of Beasts that the antient Egyptians took several of their Letters from the forms of the Legs Head and Beak of the Bird Ibis and this sacred Hawk as also from the Ox and the Dog both by them reputed religious These four Beasts were of the highest esteem not only for their use in Hieroglyphical Writing but also because in their High-times of Solemnity call'd Comasien they usually carried them in Procession according to the Testimony of Clemens Alexandrinus Herodotus writes That in former times about Thebes small bodied Serpents with two horns on the crown of their Heads and very harmless were found which being dead they buried in the Temple of Jupiter because they believed them dedicated to him The same Herodotus reports but from hear-say That near the City Brutus close by Arabia were Serpents with wings which flew thence in the beginning of Lent into Egypt but the Bird Ibis met and fell upon them in their flight and by their deaths anticipated any prejudice from their arrival for which benefit the Ibis was held in great adoration As the Land is ennobled by producing great store of Plants Beasts and Fowls so the Nile hideth in its bosom a vaste abundance of Fishes of which the Crocodile and Hippopotamus or Sea-horse which are Amphibii be the most noted and chief And though the Crocodile keeps in several Rivers of Asia and America as in the River Ganges about Bengala and in the Niger in Africa yet Nilus feedeth the greatest as though a more peculiar of that than any other Rivers The Crocodile Herodotus tells us Crocodile the antient Egyptians about Elephantina call Champsa and in the Dominion of Syena according to Strabo Suchus but the Ionians or Greeks 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 that is Crocodiles The Indians name it Cayman the Arabians and Jews says Megistus Corbi and in Kirchers Egyptian Lexicon it stands expressed by the name of Picharuki This wonderful Creature has very great Eyes with little balls or apples It s Form whose Back-bone consists of sixty Joynts his Feet furnish'd with sharp nails and splaying outwards and the Tail proportionable to the Body lessening by degrees to the end This Serpent as we may call it runs swiftly but can neither deviate to the right or left or turn about easily but with a stiff formality goes directly forward by reason of the inflexible Joynts of the Back-bone by which means it is often avoided They say it can live four whole Moneths without food but when hungry will cry or weep like a man Some dare affirm though untruly that it lives of Mud or Slime for it eats dead fish and humane flesh Peter Martyr relates in his Babylonish Embassy Peter Martyr that one of them was taken that had three young Children in his Mouth When they ingender the Male turns the Females Belly upward The Breeding of them otherwise for the shortness of their Feet they cannot well couple After that Coition the Female lays sixty Eggs each as big as a Goose Egg upon which they sit to hatch sixty days Some conceit that they bury their Eggs in the Sand and hatch their young ones by the heat of the Sun but that is not so however there is no Creature that from so small a beginning comes to such an extraordinary bigness some being found to exceed thirty Foot in Length They bear enmity to the Ichneumon Buffel Tyger Hawk Hog-fish Dolphin It bears Enmity against other Beasts Scorpions and Men but hold friendship with Hogs and the Trochilus which is a small Fowl with a sharp point or pin on the Head Trochilus that when the Crocodile is glutted with Fish and sleeping with his Mouth open comes searching his own Food and by picking cleanseth his Mouth Teeth and Gullet Lee. Afric Others suppose this little Bird picketh out the Worms breeding between the Teeth who ingratefully would eat it up for requital but that the sharp Pin on the Birds Head pricking his Jaws makes him open them by which means the Bird escapes Several Eastern People eat them as good Food The Flesh of it is eaten which was customary also here onely forbidden to Apollonopolitans whether it was because the Daughter of King Psammitichus as you may read in Herodotus was devoured by a Crocodile or out of hatred to the Heaven-invading Typhon who as they say was Metamorphosed into one is not yet determined however in Arsinoe which Strabo calls At Arsinoe it was counted sacred The City of Crocodiles it was counted Sacred and fed with Bread Flesh and Wine The Original of which Veneration without doubt proceeded from fear for that the Crocodiles which in great abundance in the Lake Moeris lay close by the City continually waiting to make a Prey both of Men and Beasts by that means glutted should not be greedy after Prey but neither Fear or Reverence of that could prevail with the People of the Neighbour City Heraclea to hinder them from giving Worship to the Ichneumon it s most mortal Enemy The Hippopotamus Hippopotamus or the Sea-Horse or Sea-Horse not so call'd from any Similitude it bears with a Horse but from the bigness the Word 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 in Greek sometimes seeming to bear the Signification of Great as well as Horse haunts the † Proteus the Son of Oceanus and Tethys is feigned to be the Keeper of Sea-Calves or Horses Nyle says Pliny though indeed found also in the River Niger and many other Places Barboza Barboza averres he saw many of them in Gophale leaping out of the Sea to the Land and returning again And others have seen the like in the great Sea near Petzore Aristotle Elian and others have done something towards its Description But Fabius Columna in his Observations of Amphibious Creatures hath exactly shewed this in a Salted Skeleton brought from Damiata into Italy by Nicolaus Zerenghi The Form of it Master-Surgeon of Narn It hath no likeness of a Horse the Body resembling an Ox and the Legs a Bear From Head to Tail thirteen Foot long and four and a half broad The Belly was rather flat than round The Compass of his Legs was a Yard and his Foot twelve Inches in breadth Each Claw had three Divisions The Head two Foot and a half broad three Foot long and seven Foot about The whole of a very large Size The Mouth is fleshy shrivel'd and very wide The Eyes an Inch broad and twice as long The Ears little and but

Esteem The Falling-sickness in Esteem among them because Mahomet was troubled with this Disease and shamelesly made them believe That then God by his Angel Gabriel reveal'd to him the most secret Mysteries of his Religion The highest Festival is the Nativity of their great Prophet A Festival upon the Birth of Mahomet which they celebrate with all Solemnity the fifth of September in manner following All the School-masters assemble after Dinner with their Scholars in the chiefest Mosque out of which they go in Order every one with a Torch in his Hand and sing along the Streets the Eulogy and famous Acts and Praise of their Prophet Two of these Masters carry upon their shoulders a great Pyramide cover'd over with Flower-Works and a Cross on the top of it follow'd by vocal and instrumental Musick after the Turkish manner all the Corner-Houses in Cross-ways are hang'd with Tapistry and burning Lamps They set also in every House about Mid-night a lighted Torch upon the Table because Mahomet was born at that Hour During the eight Days of this Feast every one may walk the Streets by Night which at other times they dare not on pain of corporal Punishment The Cooks of the Divan to the number of Two hundred each carrying a Napkin or Towel upon his shoulders and a burning Torch in his Hand from the seventh to the eleventh Hour go two and two along the Streets till placing themselves before the doors of the chiefest Councellors they chant a solemn and appointed Hymn in Praise of their Prophet with many Instruments of Musick ¶ THe last Solemnity concerns their Burials or Funerals Their Solemnity for the Dead which they perform in this manner When any Dies the next Friend hireth Women to lament who flocking about the Corps with strange and unusual howling make a noise and scratch themselves till the blood follow their Nails This done How they bury their Dead the Body is inclosed in a Coffin cover'd with a Green Cloth upon which a Turban is set as we use a Garland and so with the Head forward is carried to and laid in the Grave but attended all the way thither with howling Valedictions At the entrance of the Burial-place some Marabouts sing without intermission these words Lahilla Lah Mahometh ressoul allah that is God is God and Mahomet is his Prophet At last it is placed in the Grave in a sitting Posture with a Stone under the Head in stead of a Pillow and the Face towards the South Their Burying-places are very Large and lye round about the Cities for they Interr none in their Mosques but in the plain Field where every one according to his Estate buys a spot of Ground which they Wall in and plant with Flowers The Women every Friday visit these Monuments carrying thither Meat and Fruits which they leave for the Poor and for the Fowls after they have tasted of them believing it to be a work of Charity and a furtherance to the bliss of departed Souls They pray there for their Husbands and other Deceased Friends and comfort them sometimes with these or the like words That they should have Patience in waiting for the Resurrection of their Bodies And this shall suffice to have spoken of the Mahumetans there The Jews in Barbary differ in nothing from the Jews in Asia and Europe Great number of Jews Barbary being so numerous that only in the Cities of Morocco Algier and Tunis and a part of the Kingdom of Fez there are a Hundred thousand Families The Christians are few and not Masters of many places in Barbary those that be are under the Command of the King of Spain as Arache Oran Mamaure and Tangier now in the possession of the King of England Gramay saith that in Morocco Fez also in Lybia are some Remainders of Antient Christians who Celebrate the Liturgy of the Mozarabes or Moxarabes Translated out of the Latine into the Greek Tongue and about an Hundred and seventy Greek Families who give peculiar Honor to St. Stephen There are besides these many other of several Nations who taken at Sea by the Pyrates are brought to Land and sold for Slaves whence they cannot be redeem'd without great Ransoms except by chance any make an Escape which is seldom or rowing in the Galleys be retaken by the Christians These generally lead a miserable Life undergoing the extremity of Servitude only some one by good Fortune that lights upon a milde Patron is more gently handled In Algier the Slavery is most bitter but in the Kindoms of Tripolis Tunis and Fez more tollerable Some Slaves meet with Patrons dwelling up in the Countrey The labour of the Slaves in Barlary which carry them thither to bear all sorts of Burdens to Market of which if they render not a good account they are sure to be well beaten Others go Naked as in Billedulgerid tending Cattel or like Horses drawing the Plough without any other reward for their toyl than harsh Language and merciless Blows being hardly afforded a little Water and Meal for Food Others are thrust into the Galleys to row where their best fare is Water and hard Bisket and the reward of their Pains drubs with a Bulls pizzle nor is their treatment better when they come ashore being lockt to a heavy Chain and at night thrust into Dungeons by them call'd Masmora where they lye upon the bare ground Such as chance to have City Patrons The labour of the Slaves in the Cities their chiefest labour is to carry Water from place to place bear away the dust of their Houses convey their Merchandises to Ware-Houses work in the Mill like Horses knead their Dough bake their Bread and do all other drudgery yet for all receive neither good word or deed or freedom from their Fetters Many of these wretched Creatures Why many Christian Slaves make desection partly out of desperation and impatience of their misery partly out of a desire of liberty and hopes to attain the honour of a Janizary renounce their Religion and turn Turks Nay there are many rich Women who often give half their Goods to their Slaves when they embrace Mahumetanism and some even of the best Quality among them being Widows are so zealous that they marry their Slaves out of design only to draw them to be Mahumetans it being among the Turks accounted a most meritorious work to make Proselytes to their Prophet The several Punishments for Malefactors in use by them are these Those that can be prov'd after Circumcision to revolt Their Punishments are stript quite naked then anointed with Tallow and with a Chain about his Body brought to the place of Execution where they are burnt They who are convicted of any Conspiracy or Treason have a sharp Spit thrust up the Fundament others bound Hand and Foot and cast from a high Wall or Tower upon an Iron Hook whereon sometimes they stick fast by the Belly sometimes by the Head or

taking up in Circumference a hundred and two foot the length of the Body an hundred and three and forty and in depth from the Neck to the Crown sixty and two Writers concerning this Structure feign wonderful things as first that it gave Responses to Inquirers like an Oracle though many say the Priests feigned and delivered them in manner following They made a way under the Earth to the Belly and Head of it by which going into the Image they spake at set-times out of the Head whatsoever they would giving answer to such as came to ask Councel in difficult matters The inward hollowness or cavities were made with such subtilty that the Voice therein finding no other passage than the large gaping of the Mouth first rumbling at last with great force burst forth whereby the credulous Heathens who stood before it silent and amazed took it for no less than the voice of a Deity and by that extraordinarily led on to the adoration of it Sphynx was represented in a two-fold manner by the Egyptians Sphyux tepresented in a two-fold manner to wit either in the shape of a Couchant Lyon upon a Throne or in the form above-mentioned By the first was signifyed Momphta an Egyptian Deity ruling over the Waters and the Tutelar Guardian for the over-flowing of Nile And by the second the increasing of Nile it self they made these shapes not that they did believe such manner of living Creatures were ever in being but to signifie how much harder than we can express are the several Dictates of the minde Sphynx then so formed What it s●gnifyeth signifies Nilus watering and fertilizing Egypt while the Sun passed through Leo and Virgo which the Egyptians being very Learned and naturally addicted to Hieroglyphicks observing were easily induced under that biformed shape which they call'd Sphynx to represent their meaning and in course of time they became adored Idols signifying Nilus There were according to Pliny Many in Egypt many of these Sphynxes in Egypt standing in the most famous places those especially which were watered by the River as in Heliopolis and Sais and the Wilderness of Memphis or Cairo where that by us described the greatest of all remains yet to be seen Aben Vaschia an Arabian speaking of these Sphynxes says thus For the signification of the fruitful nature of Nilus they set that Structure representing a Lyon because that overflowing that fructifies their whole Countrey they receive from the bounty of the Constellation the Lyon every year And from them it is also by a pretty mistake looking at them onely as Ornaments introduced here in Europe to make or adorn the Pipes Spouts Conduits and Pumps with Lyons heads The Sphynxes were set by the Antients before their Temple Gates to signifie their teaching Divine matters consisted in Wisdom which lay hid under Aenigmaes or Mysterious Parables Distant from these Pyramids about a thousand paces Pyramids call'd Mummies lye others call'd Mummies because scituate in a Sandy Countrey where the Mummies are found the greatest of all lying in this place Spires high into the Air and much more beautiful than any of the rest there though almost of the same form the outer part by length of time is much defaced so that the steps thereof being broken it is almost impossible to climb up to the top The Entrance of this Pyramid lyes open from the upper part downward but the way within is so ruinous and choak'd up with Stones that it is scarce passable without creeping which to the Visitors because of the falling down of other loose Stones often proves dangerous Below there appears a very spacious and high Chamber appointed as they say for a Burying-place in which is a little Door opening into another as large Chamber built after the same manner Neither of these have any Inter'd Corps either perhaps because none were there Buried or else the Burying-places are totally defaced Out of these two Chambers wherein a decayed Gate lyeth goes a rising way not to be ascended without a Ladder and herein the people say is a Burying-place Of several that travelled into Egypt to see the Pyramids and have described them Prince Radzovil merits the chief place having written thereof in his Book of Travels exactly to this effect An hour before break of day we went out of our Lodgings Prince Radzovil and walking continually along by Gardens we came into the Old * Cairo City distant from the New half a mile two hours after Sun-rising we cross'd the Nile where having gone about two Furlongs we came to the Pyramids whereof because much hath been written by others I will in brief set down what I my self have seen Most Writers affirm that the City Memphis mentioned in Holy Scripture Memphis here thought to be scituate was formerly seated in this place whereof all the remaining Tokens are but some ruinous Heaps to the south cover'd over with dry barren Sand there may be seen still undefaced Pyramids whereof two greater and a third less erected as they say by that famous Lady of Pleasure Rhodope which is singularly fair but not above sixty or seventy cubits high these three are very handsom and undecayed accounted among the Worlds Wonders even by the Romans as Martial the Epigrammatist observes Barbara Pyramidum sileant miracula Memphis Thy wondrous Pyramids Memphis boast no more The two least are of an incredible bigness yet exceeded by the third which is said to have in height breadth and length three hundred Cubits It hath within artificial and broad Steps by which you may as also by Steps without climb to the top There are likewise places fit for Visitants to retire and ease themselves in two whereof more large were the Burying-places of the Kings in the lower of which there stands yet extant a very great Sepulchre Also by what Kings how great Cost in what way or by what strange Art and whether by the Israelites during their bondage in Egypt which is the opinion of * With how little reason it may be imagined that the Israelites should build these Pyramids may appear in that they are built of stone whereas their employment was all in Brick-work some Writers these Structures were erected or by others who dig'd the Trenches Passages wherein Nilus runs for it appears that all these works were not by Nature but made by Art I leave to Historiographers to determine We may rather wonder why they were erected upon a rising Rock consisting of one sort of Natural Stones whereas they for as much as is discernable are inade up of many kindes Neither is it easie to apprehend or conceive from whence or by what means so great a quantity of immense Stones each more than a Cubit and a half and two Cubits broad could be convey'd thither Nilus lying distant little less than four miles The first and greatest Pyramid The greatest of them is built of quadrangular stones rising Instar

the Dead happy by a Heavenly influence with a Divine dew of the Spirit The Wisdom of the Sun quicken it with his own Heavenly dew Hermanubis bring it with his Ruling influence into the Garden of Osyris In another rank sometimes stands aloft upon a Serpent with a half circle and an out-stretched Arm an Image revers'd and looking backwards toward an Altar a Wreathed Cord with three Blossoms of the Plant Lotus a hooded Fowl upon two Scepters one Scepter two Semi-circles an Eye a Fowl with extended Wings a crooked stump with a Mans Foot of which Father Kircher gives this Explanation The Tutelar God moved by Offerings and due and acceptable Solemnities grant life to this Corps and bring this Body into the Heavenly Constellations Whence it appears that the Hieroglyphicks were set upon these Urns for no other ends but that the Deity moved and drawn thereby should first protect the Body against all Infirmities and afterwards bring it to the Heavenly habitations with all good success and satisfaction Some Coffins or Urns are inscribed with Dogs-heads Rolls of Paper found in the Mummies Others have representations of the Anatomies or Dissections of Bodies to be Embalmed with the Balsam pots about them In these Chests sometimes are found Labels of Paper rowled up one in another written with abundance of these Characters for this Sacred Learning in the opinion of the Egyptians did not onely signifie hidden things but had also a great power and vertue in them to procure the Protection of the Gods to whomsoever they were thus affixed In these Rolls the chiefest Portraitures of the Gods which are also sculp'd upon the Pyramids and in the very same order as they use to be carryed about in Solemn Festivals call'd Comasien after the manner of Procession for they placed a great Mysterie in the graceful and sumptuous order of the Gods marching decently one after another For this very cause were these Images set by the Corps to protect them from all adverse and evil Spirits and to lead the Souls to Blisse These Rollers therefore describe onely the Funeral Pomp or Solemnity of Burials The Funeral Pomp of the Egyptians which they carry forth most sumptuously those especially of Kings Priests and other persons of great Quality bearing several Images of most of the Gods upon Sacred Supporters thereby to procure their grace and favour to the deceased Party The Portraiture of two such Funeral Solemnities What Figures stood upon it according to the Draughts found in the Mummies are to be seen in Kircher's Book of the Mummies where you may find according to this Method Isis of Memphis with Strings and a Scarf upon her head and out-stretched Arms and Hands signifying the Spirit of the Deceased The Goddess Nemphte and the God Anubis with Arrows and Darts in their Hands Two other Images of Anubis and Nephte upon their knees adorn'd also with Darts and Sycles The two first which go upright seem to be Priests of Anubis and Nephte whose Images they follow'd to reconcile those Gods A Serpent with his Breast and Head raised up An Image with a mans Face but the Body of a Serpent representing the Spirit of the World A Tripos or Trevet joyn'd by three Angles Two Dogs sitting as Warders of their Sacred Dominions Two bundles of offensive Weapons with a Caduceus and Ball therein out of which creeps a Serpent A Bar between Perches whereupon stood two Falcons covered with a consecrated Cloth A Biere with the Funeral Bed of Memphti the Tutelar God of Nilus and Anubis under it The Veil of Horus The Scepter of Monphti Water-pots and an Egyptian Bani or Ship with other Images belonging to the adornment of their several Mummies At length the Corps or the Mummy Embalmed and wound up with many folds and dress'd with various remarkable Characters After that a humane Figure with erected Arms and a Tail pendant which they use to carry about at Anniversary Obsequies or Annual Celebrations of Funerals Several other Images also headed like a Hawk and Bodied like a Serpent at last seven Oxen with a covering cast over their Backs signifying the seven days and a * Which we may suppose to be six hours quarter that concern the Birth of the Goddess Isis during which time none according to the received opinion are hurt by the Crocodiles and that there is a cessation of punishment from any of their offended Deities After all this followed several other Images This is the representation of an Egyptian Funeral Solemnity for in such Order they march which as a hidden matter full of Mysteries the Egyptians describe upon the mentioned Rolls of Paper firmly believing that the Corps will thereby remain freed from the vengeance of those Deities Some with much mistake have judg'd that the life and praise of the Deceased is Hieroglyphically described hereby but the former Descriptions have sufficiently declared the contrary The antient Romans have wholly and altogether followed the Egpptians in their Funeral Solemnities Gutherus as Gutherus in his Book of The Jurisdiction of Spirits sets forth in like manner also have all the usual Ceremonies which the old Romans observ'd toward their Corps had their original from them Many Mummies have under their Tongue a small Plate of Gold of the value of two Duckats Gold Plates in the Mummies for covetousness of which the Arabians and others which dwell in Egypt break up most of the Mummies which they finde undefaced Among several which have treated of the Mummies Athanasius Kircher in his Book of the Egyptian Hieroglyphicks Johannes Nardius in his Exposition of Lucretius and Peter de la Valla deserve singular esteem The two first for the exact description of the Mummies and the last for not onely describing but also for his diligent searching of them among which he found two most remarkable one of a Man and the other a Woman which he exactly describes in this manner Upon a piece of a great gilded Winding-sheet that lay flat upon the Mummy The Description of the Mummy of a young Man was the shape of a young Man in a long Veil of fine Linnen as the antient Egyptians used to be cloth'd artificially represented and all over from head to foot delineated with Hieroglyphicks The Head was cover'd with a Wreath of Gold and Pretious Stones under which black-colour'd Hair appear'd in like manner the Beard was black and curl'd but small On his Neck he had a Gold Chain with a piece of Coyn like a Single-penny on his Breast such as the Governors of Provinces in Egypt wore formerly whereupon the Bird Ibis with several observable Marks were pourtrayed which seems to import that this young Man had been of quality in his time He held in his right Hand a Golden Cup with red Liquor for a token of presenting the Drink-offering and in his left Hand a Fruit not unlike a Malacatoon with a Gold Ring on the fore and little finger He had on

little less in Winter The Soyl is so rich that they plough it not but only sprinkle it in May with Watering-pots with which small cost and pains it produces infinite variety of Fruits very delightful in taste onely the Peaches are waterish and not very well relishing Besides this Fertility of the Land the Rivers are wonderously stor'd with Fish of divers kinds especially that by the Spaniards call'd Sabalos The Land about Salee produceth multitudes of Box-Trees and other Wood whereof the Inhabitants make Combs Much Cotton also but little Grain by reason of the Sandiness of the Soyl. The Countrey about Mahmore is on one side shadow'd with stately Oaks but the other affords excellent Pasture for Cattel abundance of Oranges but Dates beyond imagination There are also very large Oxen and besides Goats Hens Partridges Pigeons and other tame and useful Creatures The Woods breed the strongest and fiercest Lions in all Africa to the great annoyance of the People Nor do they want good Honey and Sugar-Canes in the use whereof they were ignorant till the Moors banisht out of Spain taught them how to extract it The Moors Countrey produceth many excellent Fruits especially great Quinces Granates White and Damask Plumbs large Figs Grapes which they eat fresh gather'd Peaches and abundance of Olives and Flax. Upon Mount Zalagh grow Vines yielding singular sweet and delicious Raisins Mount Zarhonne is cover'd with Olive-Trees that afar off it seems to be a Wood. Tefelfelt stands among Woods wherein many fierce Lions frequent In the Plains of Aseis or Adhasen the Lions are so timerous that a man nay a very woman will either by chiding or blows make them flie The Diet of the Inhabitants of Fez Their Food agrees with that of all other Mahumetan People of Barbary making three Meals a day For Breakfast they eat a little Fruit and Bread with thin Pap made of Meal but in Winter Sops made in the Broth of Salt Flesh such as we in England usually call Brewis At Dinner they have in Summer Flesh with Sallets of Lettice or Cabbadge Cheese Olives and Melon-Broth At Supper nothing but Bread with Melons or Raisins or Milk but in the Winter boyl'd Flesh with Couscous but seldom Roast-meat This is the ordinary Fare of common Citizens but Persons of State or Quality have many additional Delicacies The Tables are low without Table-Clothes or Knives pulling their Meat in pieces with their Fingers They put Flesh and Pottage in the same Dish out of which every one may take what he pleases They never drink till they have done eating and then conclude their Meal with it The Men of Fez that have any Estate wear a Habit in the Winter The Habit of the Men of Fez. made of Foreign Cloth over that a Cassock or Tunick with short Sleeves and over all another large Cloak clasped before upon the Breast and on their Heads they put Caps like Night-coifs The poorer sort wear a loose Jacket with a Mantle over it and slight Quoives on their Heads The Women also go fashionably clad The Habit of the Women wearing in Summer a Shift onely but in Winter a Coat with wide Sleeves When they go abroad they put on long Drawers that reach to their Knees then throw over their Heads a Cloth that covers them all over and a Mask The better sort wear Gold Ear-Rings with precious Stones and Jewels but the meaner content themselves with Silver ones without Jewels On their Arms and Legs they wear Chains also and a peculiar sort of Slippers fasten'd on with Silk Bands The Arabs living thereabouts The Habit of the Arabians commonly wear a Garment which they call Baraguan wrapt about their body and a red Bonnet All the rest go naked onely one Clout girt about their Waste and hanging down almost to the Knees ¶ THe Government of Fez is Monarchical Their Government heretofore call'd Cheriffs but now Kings who are very potent But neither they nor any other Mahumetan Kings use either Scepter Crown or Throne but onely a low Seat cover'd over with Cloth of Gold and a Cushion set with Pearls and precious Stones When the King perceiveth The chusing of their Kings or feeleth that his Death approaches he calleth all his Lords and Noblemen about him and ties them by Oath to chuse his Son or Brother or some one he hath a favour to for his Successor which they all take but little regard it after the Kings Decease chusing another not to fulfill his will but their own pleasure In Fez People of several Countreys in Fez. People of all Countreys reside as English French Hollanders Tartars Persians and Eastern Greeks each of them having a Consul there to mannage the business of Merchandise But the common Inhabitants are Moors the Offspring of those formerly banisht out of Spain as we declar'd before ¶ THe Nobility here are threefold The Nobility of Fez threefold each distinguisht from other by peculiar Marks The first are noble in Bloud as descended from Honorable Ancestors others become Noble by Offices and Employment the third are so esteem'd for their great Wealth and Riches but all enjoy the same and equal Priviledges They are very proud and disdainful both in their Speech and Behaviour towards Strangers but according to their Obligations without any reluctancy attend the King in his Wars In this one City they say there are above three thousand Noble Families ¶ THe Jews are numerous not onely in Fez Their Religion but spread through the whole Kingdom where it is suppos'd they amount to eight hundred thousand Among them are many Goldsmiths for the Moors must not meddle in that Trade being prohibited by the Alcoran These have also a Consul by whom the Stamps for Money are kept which they onely Licence to be Coyn'd in the New City The Inhabitants are either Mahumetans The Inhabitants of Fez are of three sorts Jews or Christians But the Mahumetans being far the greater number have the chief Command in all things though there be as many Sects of them in Fez alone as in all the Turkish Empire there being some principal Teachers or Heads of every Faction seated here which as Marabouts or Saints give Rules to their Followers TEMESNE or TEMECENE THis Jurisdiction the most Westerly part of the Kingdom of Fez The Borders of the Territory of Temesus hath for bound on the East the River Buragrag on the West the River Ommirabih on the North the Great Ocean and on the South Atlas The length from East to West is accounted Seventeen Miles and the breadth Thirty This was formerly so flourishing a Countrey that it contained Forty or Joan Leo. as Gramay says a Hundred and twenty great Cities Three hundred good Towns and exceeding many Villages some whereof as good as Walled Cities most of which are so totally ruined in their Civil Wars that scarce any remainders of them can be found The most eminent Places now in being

and beautifi'd with exquisite Imagery each Cloth holding about two Spans and a half in Square which a Weaver with his greatest diligence may well spend fifteen or sixteen days in Working to finish it The second sort call'd Sokka are less by one half than the Kimbes yet many that have little handl'd their Work would easily mistake the one for the other for both are high and Cutwork with Images or Figures upon them but the turn'd side gives the distinction by the Courseness or Fineness Six of the foremention'd Pieces make a Garment which they know how to Colour Red Black or Green The two other sorts of Cloathes are a wearing for Common People being plain without Images or Figures yet have their distinctions one being closer and firmer wrought than the other These are many times Slash'd or Pink'd from the middle to the knees as old fashion'd Spanish Breeches were wont with small and great cuts Every man by promise or injunction is bound to wear a Furr-skin over his Cloathes right before his Privacies viz. of a tame Cat Otter Cattamountain great Wood or wild Cat or of an Agali or Civet Cat with whose Civet they sometimes also anoint themselves Besides these they have very fair speckl'd Skins call'd Enkiny of high Price among them which none may wear but the King and his peculiar Favorites Some Persons of high Degree when they Travel wear six or eight Skins for Garments others as the King and his greatest Nobility cause five or six Skins to be sew'd together interlac'd with many white and black speckl'd Tails of the foremention'd Enkiny Cross-wise in the midst of the Skin they set commonly round Tufts made of the aforesaid Furr and white and black Parrets Feathers and at the edges Elephants Hair spread round in winding-Trails Every one also wears a String about his middle made of the peeling of Matombe Leaves of which there are two sorts one call'd Poes-anana and the other Poes-anpoma with which they tye their Cloathes fast Besides they have two Girdles one above another that is one of fine Red or Black Cloath slightly Embroyder'd in three or four places the other of Yarn wrought in Flowers and fastned together before with double Strings call'd Pondes These Girdles are commonly three or four Inches broad wherefore the Cloathes sent thither out of Europe with broad Lists serve to be Embroider'd and Quill'd to make such Girdles Some wear Girdles of Bulrushes and young Palm Branches others of peelings of a Tree call'd Catta and in other places Emsande which they Weave and Pleit together of the same peelings Match for Guns is made which stand the Portugals in good stead Between the upper and lower Girdle they set several sorts of Ornaments and about their Necks white and black Beads the latter they call Insimba Frotta and the white Insimba Gemba but the last bears the greatest value Others wear Triangular Breast-Chains brought thither out of Europe Their Ornament and by them nam'd Panpanpane some Ivory cut in pieces and some sort of flat Scalops which they polish very smooth and round and wear them strung as Neck-Laces On their naked legs they put Brass Copper or Iron Rings about the bigness of the smallest end of a Tobacco Pipe or else trim them with black and white Beads On their Arms they wear many Rings of several fashions and light which they temper in the Forging with Oyl of Palm Over their Shoulders they hang a Sack about three quarters of a yard long sew'd together onely a little opening left to put in the hand Upon their Head they have an artificial Cap made to sit close And in their Hands either a great Knife Bowe and Arrows or a Sword for they never go without Arms. The Womens Clothes which come a little below their knees are made of the same with the Mens over which they sometimes put some fine European Stuff or Linen but without any Girdles The uppermost part of the body and the Head remains always naked and bare but on their Arms Legs and Necks many Rings Beads and other Toys Their usual Diet is fresh and smoak'd Fish especially Sardyn Food which they take with a Hook and Boyl with Herbs and Achy or Brasilian Pepper People of Quality eat with their Fish Massanga or small Mille first stamp'd with a Pestle then Boyled with Water and so Kneaded together They Swear by the King speaking these words Fyga Manilovanga Their Oath or Swearing but the highest Oath is the Drinking of Bondes Root and never used but when something is presently to be undertaken or perform'd The Bondes is onely a Root of a Tree of a russet Colour very Bitter Bondes Root or Adjuration Root and astringent and gets as they say by enchantment of the Ganga or Conjurer perfect power and vertue This Root they scrape with a Knife and put into a Pot of Water of which the accused Party takes about a Pint and half administred by a person appointed by the King for that purpose In like manner if any weighty or criminal matter either of Sorcery or Theft be laid to any ones charge and it cannot be ascertain'd by the Oracle of Ganga or their Conjurer they forthwith condemn the suspected person to drink of the Bonde-drink which is perform'd in this manner The Complainant must go to the King How the Bonde-drink is drank and beseech him to appoint an administrator of the Bondes for which he pays the King his due These Bonde-givers are about eight or ten persons appointed by the King and his Nobility who meeting under the open Heaven in a broad way sit down upon the ground and about three a Clock in the afternoon begin their work for by that the Complainers must be there who coming with their whole Retinue and Generation the Bonde-givers admonish to bring to light the righteousness of the Matter without any siding or partiality which he adjures them to with an Oath by their Fetisies which they have standing round about them Then also appears the Accus'd with his Family for seldom one person alone but commonly the whole Neighbourhood is accus'd these meet and standing in a row come by course one by one to the Bonde-givers who have a little Drum upon which they continually Beat and receiving about a Pint and a half of Liquor they retire to their places again After this one of the Bonde-givers riseth up with certain sticks of a Bacoven tree in his hands which he flings after the Accus'd requiring him to fall down and if he have no guilt to stand up and make Water in token of his Innocency Then the Bonde-giver cuts the Root before them all that every one may walk up and down over it In the doing whereof if one or other of them chance to fall then the standers by set up a loud Cry and the party fall'n lieth like a possess'd man speechless but with horrible Convulsions in all his Limbs not enduring his body

he proposes somewhat saying the Oracle by the Fetisie has given him to know that the child shall have such an injunction not to do so and so wherein the Mother takes care to instruct the child from its youth that when it shall come to years it may be able to keep it These injunctions are manifold as that they may eat no such Flesh Herbs Injunctions how manifold they are nor Fruits or eating thereof they must eat it alone leaving none and besides bury the bones in the ground that they may not be scrap'd up again and eaten by any Dog Cat or other living Creature Some are enjoyn'd not to go over any water others may not pass over a River with a Canoo yet admitted to walk swim or ride thorow some must not shave the hair of the Head others may as also their Beards which again in divers is an offence beyond pardon Several are commanded to forbear all Fruits indulging to others a liberty to devour all yet again restraining many In relation to Garments the commands are general Injunctions about mens Clothes for all men must wear a Girdle made of the skin of some living Creature which must be fasten'd in a peculiar manner above their Belly Caps upon their heads or else in stead thereof a Cord or some Covering of Clothes call'd Libonges or otherwise The Women must go with their heads always uncover'd Of the Women and wear four or five Clothes of Kimbi or Sambes or Libonges sew'd together beneath their Waste before the Belly in stead of a Girdle When a man at any time comes into a house and sits down unawares upon the corner of a Bed wherein a man and woman have lain together when he hath receiv'd information of his fault he must go instantly to a Smith which commonly sit with their tackling under the open heaven and tell him the cause of his coming who then blows up a fire and taking him by the little finger of his left hand turns it over his head then striking two or three strokes with his Hammer and blowing with his mouth upon his hands put together he pronounces some words with a low voice wherewith the promise unwittingly transgress'd is cleans'd This ceremony they call Vempa-Momba that is A Benediction or Purification If an unmarry'd man have gotten a foolish child he may not eat of the breast or udder of a Buffle but by getting another more witty becomes free again to eat as at first These and the like Fopperies they observe with all exactness The vertue ascrib'd to these Injunctions believing that none have any sickness sorrow or affliction but for breaking the same Now because the word Mokisie will sometime be mention'd it is necessary to shew the meaning thereof and how they use it By the word Mokisie What Mokisie fignifies they mean a natural Superstition and firm Perswasion that they have of something to which they ascribe an invisible power in working good to their advantage or evil to their prejudice and detriment or from whom they expect to learn the knowledge of past or future things It cannot properly be call'd Idolatry because these people have no knowledge of any Deity or Diabolical Spirit having no particular name for the Devil onely call all Mokisie where they suppose an over-ruling power Whatever they effect by it The vanity of the Mokisie is done by meer imagination or if by natural means it happens more by chance than any knowledge they have Any man that is sound and determines to live after the manner of his Mokisie observing temperance and chastity takes the natural course to preserve his health but their ignorant stupidity ascribes it to the operation of the Mokisie On the other hand if any be sick and use means for the recovery of health the good success thereof the Mokisie gets the praise of although the cause of the sickness were remov'd by the goodness and bounty of nature or the strength of his constitution But if the person by the violence of the sickness happen to die they certainly believe him kill'd by Sorcery for transgressing against his Mokisies The ancient use of this Common Custom seems an infallible demonstration to the besotted people of the great vertue of the Mokisies and it confirms them not a little in their foolish belief because they see their King and the Grandees of the Countrey make it their work The King hath the general stile of Mani-Lovango Why the King is call'd Mokisie but the people call him Mokisie because he hath as they say a great power to kill any body with a word speaking and can spoil the whole Countrey and prefer and put down make rich or poor at his pleasure cause rain transhape or metamorphose himself into the shape of a beast and innumerable such like which all serve to manifest his greatness and strike an awe into the Subjects of his Potency Thus also it stands with the other Lords The higher a man is the more Mokisies he hath whose might honor and esteem grows from the same root As for example the King's Sister as soon as she hath a child holds by assignment the Village Kine for a dwelling-place and may not eat Hogs flesh when the child hath attain'd age and growth it visits the Moansa and dares not eat the fruit call'd Kola with company but onely alone Afterwards it goeth by the Ganga Simeka and then it dare eat no sort of Poultry but those kill'd and boyl'd by himself and must bury the remainder when he comes in Sallasy he hath other and more Mokisies and so in Boeka and Kaye till brought to the King Then is he advanc'd in all power and wisdom as having in imagination attain'd the active intelligence of the Mokisies All Conjurers and Priests are call'd Ganga All Conjurers are call'd Ganga or Ganga Mokisie otherwise Ganga Thiriko Ganga Boesy-batta Ganga Kyzokoo Ganga Bombo Ganga Makemba Ganga Makongo Ganga Nijmy Ganga Kossy Ganga Kymaye Ganga Injami Ganga Kytouba Pansa Pongo and Mansy and innumerable other such names either given to or assum'd by them from the Mokisies they serve The Mokisie Thiriko is a great Village four miles Northward of Boary● wherein is a great house built on Pillars resembling a man The Ganga of this Mokisie being Lord of the Village performs every morning his Service and Ceremony with some words and Conjurations being answer'd in the mean time by a youth that stands by him this Ganga commends to his Mokisus the health of the King the wellfare of the Countrey the good flourishing of the Seed success for the Merchants and full Nets for Fishermen All the by-standers at the mentioning the King 's long life and health clap their hands in token of their affections and assent The Mokisie of Boesy-batta hath many standing round about him Mokisie Boesy-batta when he sets himself to his Devotion viz. Drummers Singers Dancers and the like but he chiefly