Selected quad for the lemma: head_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
head_n	belly_n	foot_n	knee_n	4,575	5	13.2066	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A30877	Thesaurus chirurgiae : the chirurgical and anatomical works of Paul Barbette ... composed according to the doctrine of the circulation of the blood, and other new inventions of the moderns : together with a treatise of the plague, illustrated with observations / translated out of Low-Dutch into English ... ; to which is added the surgeon's chest, furnished both with instruments and medicines ... and to make it more compleat, is adjoyned a treatise of diseases that for the most part attend camps and fleets ; written in High-Dutch by Raymundus Minderius.; Chirurgie nae de hedendaeghse practijck beschreven. English	Barbette, Paul, d. 1666?; Barbette, Paul, d. 1666? Pest-beschrijving. English.; Fabricius Hildanus, Wilhelm, 1560-1634. New Feldtartznybuch von Kranckheiten und Shäden. English.; Minderer, Raymund, 1570?-1621. Medicina militaris. English.	1687 (1687)	Wing B701; ESTC R15665	250,985	581

either with hands or Bandage and mean while reduce it into its place If the Hip be forced out forward the Groin is swoln and the Buttocks fallen the Leg is neither longer nor shorter nor cannot be bent but with trouble and the Urine is suppressed Though it be not set aright yet the Patient in time will be able to go well enough upon it though sometimes it falls out that he must somewhat trail his Leg after him To restore it let the Patient lie on his sound side and strongly stretch out his Leg press it into its former place and in case the hand be too weak thrust it in with your Knee If it be dislocated backward the Patient can neither stretch out nor bend his Leg nor is he able to bring his Heel to the ground and if he should force himself to do so he would fall backward the Leg is shorter there is a hollowless in the Groins and if the Buttocks be pressed upwards you shall find an unusual swelling Though it be not put in yet the pain will in time vanish and then the Leg may be bent again but it remains shorter and straight nor is the Foot turned inward nor outward Lay the Patient on his Belly and strongly extend his Leg mean time apprehend the Thigh bone above the Knee stretch it outward from off the sound Leg press the Head into its Cavity in which yet it will not stay if thenceforth the Patient do not keep himself very quiet 10. The Dislocations of the Tibia and Fibula are cured after the same manner as those of the Cubitus and Radius 11. If the Knee pan be out of its place let the Patient stand upright and press it in again lay on the side whence it hath been forced away a hollow Splint answerable to the shape of the said Pan and below in the cavity of the Leg put one or more compressing Splints binding the whole Leg so stiff that the Knee may not bend CHAP. VII Of Ruptures HAving thus roughly handled the boney and hard parts of the Body it now follows that I treat the soft and fleshie more gently and describe their Synthesis or re-unition again Therefore I begin with the broken Peritonaeum which sometimes gives way to the Intestines at other times to the Cawl and not seldom to both to get out of their natural place into the Groins or Scrotum there causing a Rupture called Entorocele or Hernia Intestinalis if the Guts come out an Epiplocele or Hernia Omentalis if the Omentum or Cawl be out The Peritonaeum is made up of two strong but soft Membranes which do so contain whatsoever is included in the Belly or lowest Cavity that when sound nothing can fall out In Women the Os Pubis is its utmost Limit In Men its outermost Membrane reaches farther and constitutes the first proper Coat of the Testicles In the Groins it comprehends the Seminal Vessels as in a Sheath called Processus or Productio Peritonaei This being stretch'd or enlarged or coming to burst is the proximate cause to the lately mentioned Ruptures The Groins therefore are the usual places of Ruptures But do not imagine that the Peritonoeum cannot be distended or burst in other places and there to cause a Rupture It happens sometimes above the Navel yet seldom Beneath and on the side of the Navel far above the Groins I have not only seen it often with many others but seen it ordered and dressed just like an Abscess the Chirurgeon giving no other reason for his mistake than that it was not the place of Ruptures which those that love the Art and their own Honour may take notice of Most times the Ileon falls down yet sometimes the other Guts come out with it and fall into the Scrotum which cannot come to pass by a simple distention of the abovesaid process but that necessarily in all such great Ruptures it must be broken The Causes which make the Peritonaeum to burst or to dilate are Falling Leaping Blows bearing of heavy Burdens strong Vomiting or Coughing difficult going to Stool Winds retained and all vehement Motions of the Body Signs The Tumor is sometimes bigger sometimes lesser sometimes altogether vanisht but with the least Motion returning Though the Caul or Intestines should be fallen down never so much they may easily without any pain be thrust in again unless Wind or Excrement hinder it in which case the Rupture is very painful If the Intestines be full of Wind the whole belly is tense you may hear a noise and the Patient breaks Wind upwards and downwards If the Excrements be grown hard the Patient goes with difficulty to Stool and the swelling weight and hardness little by little encreaseth If the Peritonaeum be only relaxed and widened then the Tumor from little becomes bigger by degrees but if it be broken it suddenly descends Prognosticks In little Children Ruptures are easily cured in aged people slowly or not at all especially if the Peritonaeum be burst If the Intestines be filled with Wind or Excrements there follows pain and if that be not suddenly removed an Inflamation Gangrene and at last Death it self Cure Lay the Patient on his Back with his Legs on high and a little asunder by which it often comes to pass that the Caul or the Intestines return of themselves into their former place but that not happening press them in gently with your fingers And if you cannot effect this by reason of Wind or hardened Excrements then use the following Medicines Where the Excrements are indurated Take Roots of Marsh-mallows two ounces of white Lillies one ounce Leaves of Mallows Violets Pellitory of the Wall of each half a handful Flowers of Camomile and Melilot of each two pugils Bran half a handful Boil them in Water and to the Liquor Add of Barly and Bean-meal of each three ounces Lin-seed and Fenugreek of each two drams Oyl of Roses and white Lillies Ducks-Fat and Hens Fat of each an ounce Make it into Cataplasm In case this Cataplasm be not sufficient or seems not to be so then bathe the Patient two or three hours in Oyl sweet Milk or Water wherein Emollients have been boyled not forgetting in the mean time Clysters and Purges Against Wind. Take Oyl of Camomile Rue of each one ounce Oyl of Nard and Dill of each three drams Spirit of Wine two drams a little Wax Make it into an Oyntment Another Take Oyl of Wormwood one ounce Oyl of Nard and Nutmeg exprest of each half an ounce Oyl of Mace and Carraways distilled of each one dram Malmsey an ounce and half Boil it a little then add to it as much Wax as is sufficient to make it into an Ointment Inwardly use the seeds of Anise Fenel Carraways and others Medicines dispelling Wind which also are to be mixt in the peculiar Clysters requisite to this purpose Also the Cumin Plaister used by some may here do good service Or Take the Styptick Plaister of Crollius Gum-Caranna

the Birth If any one of these be wanting then one of these four things necessarily happens either 1. Both the Mother and the Child although they may live yet there follows no Exclusion 2. Or the Mother lives and the Child dies 3. Or the Child lives and the Mother dies 4. Or both the Mother and Infant dies Causes hindering Labour are 1. When the Pains of the Birth are none or not sufficient 2. The great weakness of the Mother 3. The greatness and strength of the Child and on the contrary the slender and tender Constitution of the Mother or when the passages are so straight that the Infant cannot come through them 4. The number of Children especially if they endeavor to come forth at the same time 5. The transverse or any other preternatural posture of the Child 6. If the Child in the Birth it self be fallen down with its Head upon the fore-port of the Ossa-Pubis which case Authors of the greatest account whom I know and our Midwives have not at all observed so by how much the greater the Pains of the Birth are there is so much the less hope of coming out except the Head be first a little raised and the Foetus be turned towards the back and so into its true passage by the hand of the Midwife 7. The Weakness of the Child it self which makes it not able to add any thing towards its Exclusion 8. The Death of the Child 9. The not sufficient recesses of the Hip-bones towards the Back for the Ossa-Pubis except in the very hardest Labours and then but very seldom do divide The Signs of a Dead Child are as followeth The Mother feels no more the Motion of the Infant although strengthening Cordials be exhibit'd but in this case when the Infant is as it were tir'd stirs it self a little you have a much more certain Sign Take a piece of the Crum of Bread and dip it in Canary Wine and apply it to the Navel of the Mother then open a Vein in the Foot and if by the use of these things there follows not a motion of the Infant it is a very ill Sign When the Mother turns her self from one side to the other and perceives the Child to fall on the side laid upon like a stone or a great weight the Face and chiefly the Lips grow pale the extream parts cold as likewise the lower Belly the Paps begin to grow lank the Breath becomes fetid great pains of the Head Faintings and Fevers Water and stinking Gleet flows out of the Womb If the After-Birth be excluded before the Child 't is impossible the Child can live long but the surest sign of all is if the Membrane of the Head of the Child be not observed to be any longer tense for as long as it is tense the Infant lives Prognostick Except the dead Child be suddenly drawn forth it puts the Mother in great hazard of Life The Fever not being great other Symptoms though great and fearful yet take not away the hope of recovery The Cure If Medicines with the aid of Mother and Midwife profit little then must the business be committed wholly to the Chirurgeon except the Woman be too weak or the Child having been dead for many days which he ought to consider lest he lose both his Credit and Labour But first it is diligently to be enquired into which of the Causes it is that hinders the Birth If the Child be greater and the passage straighter than usually they ought to be dilated this some Midwives do with convenient Instruments and so draw forth the Child alive but where they are wanting the Midwife must clutch her hand very close and thrust through the Internal Orifice into the Womb it self then putting her Fingers one after another through the Orifice into the inner part of the Womb to discover the situation of the Child and if she finds the Arms or Feet to come inconveniently let her gently raise it up bringing the Head downwards which if she finds to be next the Orifice if possible let her put in her other hand through the Pudenda into the Womb and so with both her hands laying hold of it draw it forth But if this Operation cannot be performed then with a hook firmly fixt lest it injure the inside of the Womb in the Mouth Eye or Ear of the Child and so gently draw it forth and if the Faetus will not follow then with another Hook blunt on the out-side and sharp within let him cut in pieces the Belly Breast or Head of the Child and if the Arms or Legs cannot be brought forth let him cut them off so at length being deprived of its Limbs the remainder may be drawn forth But if by this way the Woman can neither be deliver'd with a sharp and strong Knife the Limbs one after another are to be cut out and so the Child be drawn forth by piece-meal It is necessary that this be perform'd by none but a good Anatomist The Secundine will presently follow the Birth for it 's of no use that being excluded for the Mouth of the Womb suddenly after delivery is so closly shut that not without great pain it can admit the Hand of the Midwife therefore the Midwife as soon as may be is to draw it forth and with her fingers if it sticks very close to the Womb gently to separate it but not pluck it a way forcibly which is mortal and although many Writers and Midwives of inferior Rank little regard the retention of the After-Birth for some time after delivery yet I think I have good reason to pronounce it one of the greatest Symptoms of Womens Labour CHAP. XXIV Of the Extirpating of a Mortified Part. WHen a Dead Part altogether becomes useless that it may not do any injury to the neighboring Parts it is to be taken away But in what place Most convenient is the Joynt but the cure by such Extirpation is render'd more difficult and the use of the Part altogether lost therefore the Extirpation is better to be made two or three or more fingers breadth below the Joynt except the Mortification hath extended it self to the uppermost part of the Arms or Thighs for then we are forced to take the Joynt it self But again in what Part whether in the whole or Mortified The Amputation is more safe in the sound Part although accompanied with greater Pain The common way both of the Ancient and Modern The Patient having receiv'd convenient nourishment is to be placed upon a Form then let the Skin and fubjacent Muscles be drawn up as much as possible by a strong Man and there kept and an inch above the place where the Member is design'd to be taken off with a narrow Ligature is the Part to be very hard bound this done with a dismembring Knife the Skin with the Flesh is speedily to be cut all round to the Part and the Periostium by scraping is to be separated from the Bone

Discussives exceed afterwards we use only Discussives though sometimes stronger sometimes weaker according to the condition of the Disease Take Aloes three drams Bole-armenick half an ounce Acacia Dragons blood Cyprus Roots powdered of each two drams Saffron half a dram Rose-Vinegar an ounce and half Oyl of Mirtle and Earth-worms of each an ounce Wax as much as is sufficient to make it into a Linament Another stronger Take Crude Brimstone Ashes of Vine Branches Sal-Gemme of each two drams Bean-meal two ounces Vinegar an ounce Oyl of Nuts a dram Turpentine and Wax as much as sufficeth either to make it into the Consistence of an Ointment or Cerat Another yet stronger Take Laudanum an ounce and half Frankincense an ounce Styrax-Camitis half an ounce Brimstone six drams Alom Salt-peter Ashes of each two drams Cows-dung half an ounce Oyl of Rue an ounce Turpentine and Pitch as much as sufficeth to make a Plaister An Excellent Cataplasm Take Roots of Marsh-mallows three ounces Bryony Dwarf-Elder of each 2 ounces Leaves of Sage and Rue of each a handful Savin half a handful Boil them in equal parts of Wine and Water in the end adding of Vinegar three ounces then being well beat together add Bean-meal two ounces and a half Ashes half an ounce Cows-dung one ounce Salt half an ounce Leaven an ounce and half Oyl of Camomil four ounces Hoggs-grease two ounces Make it into a Cataplasm If it comes to an Abscess which rarely happens this Poultice is Excellent especially if the Vinegar be omitted and in its room Onions and a quantity of Unguentum Basilicon be added If an Oedema proceed from a Consumption Dropsie or ill habit of Body till those Diseases be cured that cannot I have used often to Cure an Oedema with this Wine or Purging Conserve and exactly rowling the Arms or Legs with Rowlers of 12 or 15 yards long beginning from below upwards and so allowing no liberty for the Humor to descend By this way the Noble Parts are Corroborated the Preternatural Humors Evacuated and the External Members in a few days space restored to their former Condition Take Roots of Orrise Floren. an ounce Sea-holly and Parsley of each half an ounce Rhubarb Agarick Trochis of each three drams Senna six drams Cinamon two drams Cloves half a dram Sem. Siler Mont. two drams tye them in a Cloth and let them infuse in two pints of old White-Wine then take every Morning four or five ounces for a Dose Or Take of Electuary of Juice of Roses an ounce Jalap a dram Spirit of Salt a scruple Mix it in an Electuary Let the Patient take the quantity of a Bean or Hazel-Nut every third or fourth day CHAP. V. Of Scirrhus SCirrhus is a Tumor besides Nature sometimes generated of Tough Viscous Phlegm sometimes of Melancholy hard not yielding to the touch nor painful Differences It is perfect when sprung from Melancholy or Phlegm alone Imperfect when other Humors are unnaturally mixt with it Cause is Melancholy or tough Phlegm Signs great hardness void of pain of a white colour if from Phlegm if from Melancholy Livid Prognostick A Scirrhus where there is no pain and upon which the hair grows is altogether incurable and if Livid it is very dangerous and often degenerates into a Cancer An imperfect small and painful one by means sometimes although very rare may be cured Cure If the Scirrhus be produced from Phlegm the same manner of Diet is to be observed as in an Oedema but if from Melancholy you must chuse a clear Air moderately hot and moist the Meat of the saxe quality and of easie Digestion all sharp things and those that are hot in the third or fourth degree hurt Let the Drink be neither thick nor strong but warming Sadness Anger Cares Venery much Sleep hurtful but moderate Exercises very necessary Bleeding is scarce ever administred with any success but Sweating and Purging with great Amongst the External Remedies are Discussives and Emollients but yet the whole course of the Cure must be mixt now increasing the quantity of the one then of the other The use of Suppuratives in the Cure of Schirrhus hath seldom any good event There are those which try cutting out and burning which must be attributed to their rash ignorance except contained in a proper Tunicle and then the name of Schirrhus is ill attributed to that Tumor Emollient Medicines Butter the fat of Hens Geese Ducks Hogs Foxes Bears Mans Mallows Marsh-mallows Orrach Gums Ammoniacum Galbanum Bdellium Styrax Liquida Ointment of Marsh-mallows Plaisters of Diachilon of Mussilages and Mellilot Resolvents are set down in the Chapter of a Phlegmon Take Gum Galbanum Ammoniacum Oppoponax of each an ounce Flower of Brimstone Red Myrrhe of each half an ounce Camphire a dram Oyl of White-Lillies Ducks-grease of each six drams Wax as much as is sufficient to make it into a Plaister Take Roots of Marsh-mallows three ounces Orrise an ounce Leaves of Colworts Pellitory of the Wall Mallows Flowers of Camomile and Mellilot of each a handful Linseed two ounces boil them in Water and being well beat together add to them Horse-dung two ounces Hoggs-Grease Oil of Camomil of each an Ounce boil'd Onions half an Ounce Make a Cataplasm CHAP. VI. De Tumore Aquoso or Watry Tumor TUmor Aquosus is a Collection of a Watry Humor in the whole body or in some one part soft and without pain yielding to the Fingers but suddenly returning Difference Sometimes the whole body is swell'd with water which Tumor is call'd Anasarca sometimes the lower Belly only or with the Legs and then it is called Ascites if Wind mixing with the water extends the Belly like to a Drum it is call'd Tympanites These are three kinds of Dropsies whose Cure rather appertains to the Physician than Chirurgion Water collected in the Head is call'd Hydrocephalos in the Breast a Dropsie of the Lungs in the Navel a Hydromphalos in the Cods Hydrocele Cause is Serum to wit Salt-water produced from the lost heat of the parts that serv'd to Sanguification and Chylification Signs This Tumor is softer then Oedema and more yielding to the Fingers without pain with some itching and if you look on it by Candle-light very shining Prognosticks Watry Tumors are not dangerous if the principle parts that feed it are not too much debilitated yet all are of difficult Cure especially those in and about the Joynts Cure Diet is here the same as in Oedema All Salt things indurated with Smoak and too great a quantity of Drink are very hurtful as also Spirit of Wine and Pepper otherwise hot and dry Aliments are best Purging is very necessary provided it be not too great lest the parts already weak are more weakned provoking Sweat and Urine here are very profitable Bleeding by experience I know it to be hurtful to all Hydropick People Medicines Purging Water Roots of Asarum Dwarf-Elder Jalap white Mechoacans Leaves and Bark of Elder Euphorbium Turbith Gum Gutta Syrup

operation is injured 3. A just magnitude one Foot greater than the other causeth a troublesome walking 4. A Natural Figure Softness Thickness yea colour it self 5. A convenient Connection and sight 6. The presence of the Vital Spirits which are brought to the Part by the Arteries 7. The presence of the Animal Spirits which are carried by the Nerves 8. Outwardly the Skin that covers the whole Body Inwardly the Dura Mater the covering of the Brain Palate Tongue Jaws Breast and lower Belly requires also a particular Consideration 9. It is likewise necessary that the Nutriment be well concocted naturally carried and receiv'd that there may no defect be observed in the Parts The End of the First Book of the Third Part. The SECOND BOOK OF THE HEAD CHAP. I. Of the Outward Parts of the Head THE Head as Supream Lord both of its own and of a thousand other Bodies not only governs it self but others well when formed with a healthy Constitution and instructed with the knowledge of its own Office but they live a miserable life whose Head is not justly and with Art composed and who neither enquire into or know its Substance or Figure It s Figure is Oval the upper part is call'd Vertex the fore-part Frons the hinder-part Occipút the sides Temples the rest is call'd the Face and consists of the following parts First appears the Skin in several places endowed with Hair but in all with a Scarf-skin Under this lies the Membrana Carnosa and Pericranium which takes its rise from the Dura Mater and passing through the Sutures of the Skull first invests the Skull then all the other Bones Anatomists that are very curious make the Pericranium to be double the outward retains the old name of Pericranium the inward is called Periostium The Bones which lie under these Membranes first we divide into the Skull and Jaws then into many other Bones The Skull is composed of eight Bones joyned together by proper and common Sutures The proper Sutures are true or spurious The true are three 1. The Coronal 2. The Sagittal 3. The Lambdoidal The Spurious are the two squamous Sutures of the temporal Bones The common are three likewise 1. The Frontal 2. The Sphoenoidal 3. The Ethmoideal The Bones themselves which have many perforations and cavities for the passage of the Air of the Veins Arteries and Nerves are eight 1. The Bones of the Fore-head always in Children sometimes in old people is divided just to the root of the Nose by the sagittal Suture 2 3. The Bones of the fore part of the Head or Bregma 4 4. Temporal Bones or Petrosa 6. The Lambdoidal or Bone of the hinder-part of the Head 7. The Sphoenoidal or Wedge like Bone 8. The Ethmoideal Bone or Cribrosum The Muscles of the Forehead are the two Attollentes Muscles of the hinder part of the Head are the two Deprimentes The Jaws consist of several Bones conjoined so by Harmony that in old people they appear but as one the one is called the upper the other the lower Jaw The upper Jaw is composed of eleven Bones of each side five the odd eleventh is placed in the middle 1 2. Os Zygomaticum or yoke-bone makes the lower part of the Orbite of the Eye constituting with its Apophisis the Os Jugale or Zygoma 3 4. Os Lachrymale makes the internal corner of the Eye having a large Orifice descending to the Nose 5 6. Os Maxillare or Jaw-bone particularly so called which is the greatest of all the Bones which constitutes the Jaws 7 8. Os Nasi or Bone of the Nose which in its end hath five united Cartilages 9 10. Os Palati or Bone of the Palate 11. Vomer A peculiar Bone above the Palate which supporting the interstice of the Nose and joined to it by Harmony The upper Jaw moves not but when the whole Head moves therefore needs not proper Muscles The lower Jaw which generally remains divided in the fore-part till the eighth year and afterwards is so closly joined together as it appears to be but one Bone hath two Processes and in them a Cavity big enough to allow a convenient situation to the Veins Arteries and Nerves from whence the Teeth receive their Nutriment and Sense The Branches of the Nerves about the Chin pass out again through a little Orifice are distributed into the Muscles of the Lips It is moved by six pair of Muscles which are 1. Pterygo●… Internus Attollentes 2. Digastricus Attollentes 3. Latus Deprimens 4. Pterygoideus Externus bringing them forward 5. Masseter 6. Musculus Temporalis This Muscle hath this peculiar to it self that it is covered by the Pericranium by which the subjacent temporal Bones are altogether destitute of it which is not observ'd in any other part of the Body But no man hitherto as I know of hath yet given the Reason of it for whatsoever hath been delivered by others concerning this hath been so slight that they give little satisfaction to the lovers of Truth But of late Job Mekeren an Experienced Chirurgion of this City hath in an Epistle communicated something particular relating to this matter the substance whereof I here give you until he put forth his Observations some of which I have seen TO Dr. PAUL BARBETTE Physician at Amsterdam SIR I Will truly declare to you my Opinion concerning the Question I informed you I had moved in the company of some Physicians which was Why the Bones which lie under the temporal Muscles are not covered and invested by the Pericranium as are the other Bones On the 6th of Janaury 1654 being commanded by the Honourable Senate of this City to open the Head of PETER JACOBS Brick layer then was my Opinion which I had been hitherto big withal sufficiently confirmed for as soon as I had observed a great depression in the upper part of the Skull I also found a great quantity of coagulated Blood which had part of it past through the Ears and part of it remained yet in the Cavity of the Ear then being very desirous to know the way by which this Blood had descended into the Cavity of the Ear which when I had diligently enquired into I also discovered the reason and cause wherefore the Pericranium covers in this place the temporal Muscles and not the Bone under them First The Opinion and the Answer which the Honourable and Experienced Dr. TULPH Burgomaster of Amsterdam had given to the propounded Question to wit from whence this Blood should come which very often in Wounds of the Head flows out of the Ears I found to be true and reasonable for I perceived as the Noble Consul had affirmed to me that the Blood from the upper part of the Head did descend between the Skull and Pericranium and so did enter the space that is between the Os Parietale and Petrosum and from thence to be as it was strained through a Sieve into the Cavity of the Ear afterwards in searching further I found