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Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
head_n	belly_n	foot_n	knee_n	4,575	5	13.2066	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A10510	The manuall of the anatomy or dissection of the body of man containing the enumeration, and description of the parts of the same, which usually are shewed in the publike anatomicall exercises. Enlarged and more methodically digested into 6. books. By Alexander Read, Doctor of Physick, a fellow of the Physitians College of London, and a brother of the Worshipfull Company of the Barber-Chirurgeons.	Read, Alexander, 1586?-1641.; Marshall, William, fl. 1617-1650, engraver.; Read, Alexander, 1586?-1641. Treatise of all the muscles of the whole bodie. aut	1638 (1638)	STC 20784; ESTC S115657	94,096	597

of the ribs which ly under the brests for these growing very big they become bony the better to hold them up They are in sundry parts of the body 1. In the head there are foure to wit of the eye-lids nose and eares and the trochlea of the eye 2. In the brest there be three to wit the cartilages of the larynx the small pipes of the wind-pipe dispersed thorow the lungs and cartilago ensiformis 3. The long ribs are joyned to the sternum by cartilages 4. The vertebrae of the back are joyned together by cartilages Last of all sundry are seene in the articulations which are loose and in the conjunction of bones CAP. X. Of a Ligament A Ligament is a similary part without feeling in substance meane betweene a cartilage and a membrane appointed firmly to knit the joynts Of the ligaments some are membranous such are those who inviron the joynts some cartilagineous as those which are betweene the joynts as is seene in the articulation of the thigh-bone with the coxendix Ligaments are to bee found in divers parts of the body 1. The bone of the tongue hath two strong ligaments one on each side Besides on each side it hath round ones by the which it is tyed to the adjacent parts to stay it in the middle of the mouth Secondly the tongue hath a strong membranous ligament in the lower part about the middle of it About the end of it the fraenum is to be seene which if it come to the fore-teeth it hindereth the motion of the tongue and speech Children being so troubled are said to bee tongue-tyed and must have it cut 3. The ligaments which tye the vertebrae of the brest and loynes the ribs with the vertebrae and the ribs with the brest-bone are membranous 4. Sundry are to bee seene in the belly The first tyeth the os ilium to os sacrum The second tyeth the os sacrum to the coxendix The third joyneth the share bones and is cartilaginous The fourth compasseth them circularly and is membranous The fift compasseth the hole of os pubis and is membranous 5. In the arme these appeare 1. Five tye the adjutorium to the shoulder blade 2. The bones of the elbow ulna and radius are tyed first one to another secondly to the shoulder-bone and thirdly to the wrest by membranous ligaments 3. There are two annular ligaments which being transverse direct the tendons which passe to the fingers They are two One in the outside for the tendons of the extending muscles the other in the inner side for the tendons of the contracting muscles 4. The bones of the wrest back of the hand and fingers have membranous ligaments 5. In the leg these may be found out First the thigh-bone is tyed to the Coxendix by two ligaments Secondly the lower end of it is tyed to Tibia and Fibula by six ligaments Thirdly the Tibia is joyned to the Fibula by a membranous ligament Fourthly tibia and fibula are joyned to the ankley by three ligaments Fifthly the ankley is tyed with the bones of the foot by five ligaments Sixthly the bones of the instep and toes are tyed with such ligaments as those are which are seene in the hand An Explication of some termes which are found in Anatomicall authors in the doctrine of bones COtulae or 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 not Cotyledones acetabula are called deepe cavities in the articulations of the bones If the hollownesse be shallow they are called glenae or glenoides from the forme of the cavities of the eyes which appeare when the eye-lids are shut Epiphysis appendix adnascentia additamentum is called a bone which groweth to the end of another bone It is of a spongious substance and at the first gristly for the most part but in time groweth bony It may bee seene in the shoulder blade both the focils of the legs both at the knee and foot and in the thigh-bone where the rotator magnus is Apophysis in some bones caput in some Cervix in some Tuberculum in some Spina in some mucro is a part of a bone not added but bunching out above the smooth superficies It is also called Ecphysis processus productio extuberantia Supercilia or labra are called the upper brim● of the cavities of the joynts As for the number of the bones of the body of Man COmmonly they are holden to bee 246. accoding to this distich Adde quater denis bis centum senaque habebis Quàm te multiplici condidit osse Deus The head hath 8. The upper Jaw 11. The lower Jaw one The teeth are 32. sometimes 28. The spina hath 24. Os sacrum hath most commonly 5. The ribs are 24. The brest-bone is composed of 3. The cannell bones are 2. The shoulder blades are 2. The flanck bones are 2. In the armes there are 60. In both the feet 64. Os hyoides of the tongue 1. The small bones of the eares 6. The two great toes have foure great seed bones The number of the small feeed bones is uncertaine If with some Anatomists you reckon twenty foure small seed bones in the two hands and so many in the two feet besides the two great ones of both the great toes If you adde in like manner the two small bones in each ham and the eighth bone in each hand betweene the Carpus and metacarpium and the bony substance annexed to the cuboides in both the feet in old persons you shall have fifty foure more which being joyned to 246. make up 302. expressed thus Ter centum binis compactum est ossibus istud Quod cernis corpus non est quod plura requires If you find one more that breakes no square FINIS The explication of the first Figure 1. The hairy scalp 2. The fore-head 3. The eare 4. The eyes 5. The nose 6 The mouth 7. The chin 8. The temple 9. The cheeke 10. The arme 11. The hand 12. The brest 13. The sides 14. The belly 15. The genitals 16. The thighs 17. The knees 18. The legs 19. The feet The explication of the second Figure 1. The back part of the head 2. The shoulder 3. The elbow 4. The back 5. The buttocks 6. The hams 7. The calies of the legs 8. The ankles 9. The insteps 10. The heele These two Figures are to be placed as they stand in order immediatly after the Title before the first Chapter The explication of the third Figure 1. The musculous skin of the head 2. The muscles of the arme 3. The muscles of the brest 4 The muscles of the belly 5. The muscles of the thigh 6. The muscles of the legs This Figure is to be placed before the first chapter of the Treatise of the Muscles The explication of the fourth Figure 1. The bones of the head 2. The bones of chaine of the back 3. The shoulder-blade 4. The ribs 5. The Os sacrum 6. The thigh bone 7. The bones of the knee 8. The bones of the

THE MANVALL of the Anatomy or dissections of the body of Man Which usually are shewed in the publike Anatomicall Exercises Methodically digested into 6 Books By Alexander Read D of Physick London sold by F. Constable at his Shop Church neere 163● THE MANVALL of the Anatomy of dissection of the body of Man containing the enumeration and description of the parts of the same which usually are shewed in the publike Anatomicall exercises Enlarged and more methodically digested into 6 Books BY ALEXANDER READ Doctor of Physick a Fellow of the Physitians College of London and a brother of the Worshipfull Company of the Barber-Chirurgeons LONDON Printed by J. H. for F. Constable and are to be sold at his shop under Saint Martins Church neere Ludgate 1638. CAROLO Magnae Britanniae Monarchae Hiberniaeque ac Galiae Regi potentissimo fausta omnia precor EN offero Majestati vestrae lucubratiunculas istas Anatomicas Munus fate or te minimè dignum quem Deus ad supremum ferè honoris in terris culmen evexit Nihilominus si omnia justo trutinae examine pensentur quivis aequus arbiter pronuntiabit eas ad te properare debere Cogitaverat pridem apud se Majestas vestra quàm utile imo necessarium huic Reipublicae sit multos habere peritos Chirurgos sive Pax alma floreat sive Bellum ingruat Quapropter ea sanxit ut doctus aliquis ac peritus Medicus communion is hujus fratribus ex suggestu singulis aiebus Martis huic exercitio destinatis praecepta artis traderet ab auditoribus excipienda atque Anatomicis dissectionibus temporibus constitutis praecsset Quum ea munia mihi obeunda ante aliquot annos commissa fuissent animadverti illorum inrebus anatomicis profectum mirè tardatum quod nullum haberent compendium Anatomicum lingua vulgari emissum Ut huic desiderio occurrerem compendiolum tale inlucem emisi ex cujus lectione tyrones fructum aliquem percepere Verum quum proficientibus visum fuisset nimis jejunum sumpsi id iterum in manus ac copiosius de humani corporis partibus disserui Quum itaqque secunda cura refictum in lucem emittendum sit ad quem potius quàm ad vestram Majestatem tendet quae primae foeturae autrix fuit Nec est quod verear me audaciae aut inverecundiae crimen incursurum Quum mihi securitatem promittat eximia vestra comitas atque affabilitas erga omnes quae omnium amorem conciliant ut dignitas regia timorem Quae duo Sceptra Regibus firmant Unum hoc opellae huic ex hac Dedicatione promittere possum Eam gratiorem omnibus futuram quod tanti ac talis Regis nomen sibi praescripserit Scribebam Londini 4. Calend Octob. Anni ab exhibito in carne Messia supra millesimum sexcentesimum tricesimi septimi Vestrae Majestatis cultor humilimus ALEXANDER REIDUS Scoto-Britannus The Number and Contents of the Bookes THe first Booke containeth the description of the parts of the belly and hath 27. Chap. The second Booke containeth the description of the parts of the brest and hath 9. Chapters The third booke describeth the head and hath 16. Chapt. The fourth setteth downe the veines arteries and sinews of the limbs and hath 7. Chap. The fifth setteth downe the bones and hath 10. Chapters With the sixth Booke of muscles and a Table of the figures Fig. I. Fig. II. THE FIRST Booke of the lower cavitie called Abdomen CAP. I. Of the division of the parts of the body of man in generall ANatomy is an artificiall separation of the parts of the body of section practised to attaine to the knowledge of the frame of it and the use of each part In Anatomicall exercises first the whole carcase doth offer it selfe then the parts The whole hath foure regions to wit the fore and back parts and the laterall which are the right and left I call the whole that which containeth the parts and a part that which is contained in the whole according to the most ample acception of the terme part for in a more strict acceptation a part is a body solid cohering with the whole endued with life and framed to performe some function A part then must bee solid the humours then cannot bee numbred amongst the parts because they are fluid Secondly it must have life and so the extremities of haires and nailes are not to be accounted parts Thirdly one part must not nourish another and so the bloud fat and spirits are not parts Fourthly it must have a circumscription Fifthly it must bee united with the whole Sixthly it must have some action and use The principall differences of parts are taken either from their nature or functions From their nature parts are said to be either similary or dissimilary A similary part is that whose particles are of the same substance and denomination with the whole as every portion of a bone is a bone It is otherwise called a simple part Of simple parts there are ten in number to wit the skin a membrane the flesh a fiber a veine an artery a nerve a ligament a cartilage and a bone they are comprehended in these two lines Cartilago caro membrana arteria nervus Vena ligamentum cutis os lentissima fibra To these a tendon which is the principall part of a muscle may be added for the substance of it is simple without any composition Of the former simple parts some are simple indeed and these are in number seven the skin a membrane the flesh a fibre a ligament a cartilage a bone The rest are onely simple to the eye or sense and not to reason for a nerve for example is composed of many filaments covered with a membrane A dissimilary part is that whose portions are neither of the same substance nor the same denomination as a muscle in the which are flesh a nerve and a tendon It is otherwise called a compound part and an organicall part In an organicall part foure particles are found First the chiefe particle as the crystallin humour in the eye Secondly that particle without the which the action cannot bee performed as the optick nerve Thirdly that which furthereth the action as are the membranes and muscles Fourthly that by the which the action is preserved as the eyelids Of organicall parts there are foure degrees The first is made onely of the similars as a muscle The second receiveth the first kind of organicall parts and other similaries as a finger The third admitteth those of the second degree as the hand The fourth is made of the third and other parts as the arme Parts from their function are said to bee either sustaining or sustained The bones sustaine the frame of the whole body the rest are sustained Now these are the cavities or the limbs CAP. II. Of the circumscription regions

stones and the seminary vessels WOMEN have stones as Men have but they differ in eleven things 1. In situation for they are placed not without the hypogastrium as in men but within it that they might be the hotter and more fruitfull 2. In quantity for they are lesser 3. In their frame for they are composed of five or six bladders which make them uneven whereas the stones of men are smooth these bladders containe an humidity like to whey but it is thicker 4. The stones of women have no cremasters but are stayed by the broad laterall ligaments called the bats wings 5. They have no prostates 6. They differ in figure for in man they are ovall but in woman flattish 7. They have but one membrane whereas mans hath foure 8. In substance for they are more soft and flaggy than in man 9. In temperature for they are more cold than mans stones and containe a thin and watrish seed 10. In women they are tyed to the sides of the uterus by the two upper ligaments which are loose and membranous 11. In women which are not with child they are placed above the matrix two inches distant from it The seminary vessels preparing are foure two veines and so many arteries The vein of the right side springeth as in man from the trunck of the vena cava under the emulgent but that of the left side springeth from the middle of the emulgent of the same side Both the arteries spring from the descending trunck of the great artery These veins are not united as in man before they come to the stones but are divided into two branches Whereof the greater being stayed by the membranous ligament is caried to the stone but the lesser endeth in the bottome of the matrix in the upper part for the nutrition of the matrix and the embryo These vasa preparantia differ from those in men in these things First they are shorter than in man by reason of the shortnesse of the passage but they have more wreathings where they make corpus varicosum about the stone that the seed may be the better prepared Secondly they passe not whole to the stones as in man but are divided in the mid way as hath been said One thing is to be noted that the spermatick veins receive the arteries as they passe by the sides of the uterus that the bloud might be the better elaborat for if you blow up the vena spermatica both the right and left vessels of the matrix are blowne up From hence you may perceive the communion of all the vessels of the matrix The Vesa deferentia spring from the lower part of the stones They are firme white and nervous They passe by the membranous ligament to the matrix not straight but wreathed that the shortnesse of the way might be recompensed with the multitude of windings Neere the stones they are somewhat broad When they have marched a little they become narrow and about the matrix they become broad againe and end in the cornua capacity of it Amongst these vessels the last to be considered is Tuba Fallopiana Spigeltus calleth it Vas coecum lib. 8. cap. 20. because it hath but one orifice as the intestinum coecum annexed to colon this springeth from the cornua or bunches and resembleth the end of a trumpet and passeth obliqaely over against the stone caried by the membranous ligament and compasseth the stones but it neither proceedeth from the stones neither is inserted into them And as in its beginning it is open so in its ending it is shut Riolan will have it to be the end of the ejaculatory vessell ending within the matrix He observeth that within it is to be seene a long white and sinewy body which he will have to be the continuation of the ejaculatory vessell He noteth also that a small sprig doth passe but wreathed from the ejaculatory by the sides of the uterus to the orifice by the which women with child spend their seed in the act of generation which Spigelius denieth in the cited place and checketh Laurentius for affirming such a passage THE SECOND Book of the Brest CAP. I. Of the common containing parts of it HItherto then of the lower belly the seat of the naturall spirit and of the parts appointed for nutrition and procreation Now it followeth that we handle the middle cavity the seat of the vitall spirit which containeth those parts appointed for the cherishing of the naturall heat the distribution of the same to all other parts of the body and the cooling of it if it exceed the naturall degree This ventricle is seated in the middle betweene the uppermost which is the head and lowermost which is the belly for it was fit that it should be so that the heat passing thorow all and bestowing life should equally bee bestowed upon all the parts of the body It is severed from the head by the neck from the belly by the midrife It is bounded in the forepart by the brest-bone and cartilages In the sides by the ribs Behind by the vertebrae of the back The figure of it is ovall somewhat flat before and behind whereas in beasts it is somewhat sharp So that onely man lieth on his back It is partly bony partly fleshy that it might admit motion and yet not styfle the heart the fleshy parts being suspended by the bony The fore part of it is called sternum the sides costae and the hinder parts dorsum The parts whereof it is composed are either containing or contained The parts containing are either common or proper The parts containing common are in number foure Cuticula Cutis Pinguedo and Membrana carnosa The scarfe skin and skin of it do differ from those in the belly for it is hairy under the arme pits and above the pit of the heart the skin of the back is both harder and thicker and so is lesse hairy Secondly the skin of the back part is of an exquisit feeling first because many twigs of sinews are bestowed upon it from the Nervis proceeding from the spinalis medulla secondly by reason of the muscles of the brest placed there which have many tendons and so are very sensible As for the fat it is not plentifull here as in the belly first because the naturall heat here is sufficiently preserved without it secondly because it would have hindered the motion of the brest Onely here it is somewhat yellowish The Membrana carnosa here in the forepart of the neck is more fleshy than in other parts chiefly where the musculus quadratus is framed which pulleth downe the cheekes and lips CAP. II. Of the Dugs THe proper containing parts are either externall or internall The externall are in number three the dugs the muscles the bones The internall proper containing parts are three in like manner the pleura the mediastinum and

enter into the ventricles of the dura mater others are spred thorow the menings and the substance of the braine out of the cavities of the Dura mater It hath foure arteries from the soporals and those of the neck The portions which proceed from the inner part of the braine are cerebellum and spinalis medulla Cerebellum or the little braine is composed of two round laterall parts making up as it were a globe it hath two worme-like processes one is seated at the forepart the other at the hinder part of it to hinder the obstruction of the fourth ventricle by the compression of the cerebellum The Spinalis medulla is of a harder substance than the braine It is divided into two parts the right and the left as the braine is which are severed by the dura mater immediatly wrapping it so that the palsie sometimes invadeth but one side About the sixt and seventh vertebra of the brest it beginneth to be separate into divers twists which ending into small haire like substances represent a Horse-taile This will appeare if the marrow of a beast or man newly killed be put in water suffered to stand for a while It is compassed with 3. membranes The next to it is from the pia mater the middlemost from the dura mater and the outmost from the ligament which bindeth the forepart of the vertebrae One portion of the Spinalis medulla is within the skull foure inches in length above the great hole of the occiput from whence all the sinews spring which are ascribed to the braine the other is without the skull from whence the 32. paire doe spring CAP. II. Of other parts to be seene in the Braine BEsides those parts named sundry others are to be shewed whereof 1. Is Rete mirabile so called from the wonderfull knittings of the twigs of arteries proceeding from the soporall about the basis of the braine at the sides of the sell of os sphaenoides In this is the first preparation of the animall spirit 2. Glandula pituitaria so called because it receiveth the thick pituitous excrements from the ventricles by the infundibulum and so is placed at the end of the infundibulum in the sell of the sphaenoides It is harder than ordinary glandules above it is hollow below round It is covered with the pia mater the excrements which come to it sometimes it turneth downe to the palat of the mouth somtimes it suffereth to slip down by the holes seated in the lower part of the cranium By shutting the infundibulum it keepeth in also the animall spirits 3. Septum or Speculum lucidum divideth in the upper part the ventricles It is loose and wrinckled but if spred out it is cleere some will have it to be a reduplication of the pia mater some a thin portion of the braine it selfe 4. Fornix or testudo is the lower white part where the ventricles are joyned It is triangular and under the corpus callosum 5. Nates are the two portions of the roots of spinalis medulla proceeding from the cerebellum these are uppermost and largest 6. Testes are the two small portions proceeding of the roots from the braine these are lowermost 7. Vulva is the long chinke between the prominences 8. Anus is nothing else but that space which is caused of the meeting of the foure trunkes of the spinalis medulla 9. Glandula pinealis or penis so called from the figure for it is like a seed of the pine apple or a little pricke it is set about the beginning of the hole which passeth from the middle ventricle to the fourth It is of a substance somewhat hard and is covered with a thin skin 10. Plexus choroides vel reticularis It is a texture of small veins and arteries placed between the fore ventricles and the testudo or fornix As the animall spirit is first prepared in the rete mirabile so it is more elaborat here and perfected in the fourth ventricle but kept in the whole braine as in a storehouse CAP III. Of the seven paires of sinewes BEfore I set downe these paires I advertise you of one thing that all the sinewes of the body spring from the spinalis medulla as it is rooted within the skull or extended to the spina and not from the braine The first paire is made up by those which are called optici or visorii so called because they bring the opticke spirits to the eye They spring from the nates they meet about the sell of os sphaenoides not by simple touching or intersection but by confusion of their substances and mutuall penetration Then being divided they passe to the center of the eye these are big thick and soft The second paire is framed of those called motorii oculorum this paire springeth from the innermost part of the beginning of the prolongation of the spinalis medulla In the beginning it is like to one cord which is the cause that when one eye moveth the other moveth also This paire is lesser and harder than the visorii It accompanieth them This together with one branch of the third paire which passeth to the jaw passeth thorow the long hole not the round and is inserted into the muscles of the eye and eye-lids The third paire is made up by those called gustatorii because the twigs of this paire being carried to the membran of the tongue cause the sense of tasting This paire proceedet from the root of spinalis medulla As it ariseth it is divided into two large branches whereof one is carryed to the orbit of the eye by the hole of the second The other being carryed out of the skull by the holes of the lower jaw bestoweth twigs upon the muscles of the lower lip and every tooth The fourth conjugation beginneth about the place of the former but being lesse and harder accompanying the other and passing thorow the same hole is implanted into the membrane of the palat of the mouth this serveth also for tasting The first conjugation the auditorii make up this paire beginning somewhat below the other it marcheth by the sides of the basis of the braine and entring into os petrosum is divided into two branches the greater being inserted into the end of cochlea or the hole of hearing is the instrument of hearing The lesser being carried downe to the first and second vertebra of the neck it sendeth twigs to the proper muscles of the larynx from hence ariseth a dry cough somtimes when we pick our eares somewhat deeply The sixt paire is called vagum because it bestoweth branches to sundry parts amongst the rest to all the parts of the belly which require sense For these being soft parts did not require hard sinewe from the spinalis medulla It riseth a little below the former each filure being straitwayes united it passeth out of the cranium by the hole of the backe part of the head by the which the internall jugular entereth then going down by the

a fellow 1. Is almost triangular it maketh up the lower part of the orbit of the eye the lesser corner a part of the os jugale and mala 2. Maketh up the greater corner of the eye from whence there is a hole that passeth to the cavity of the nostrill This bone is small thin cleere slightly cleaving to the other So that it is seldome found in sculs digged out of the ground Here fistula lachrymalis is seated 3. Maketh up the greatest part of the roofe of the mouth and the arched part wherein the teeth are inserted 4. With his fellow maketh up the bony part of the ridge of the nose These two are severed by a suture Within they are rough to receive the cartilages within these there is a bone cleaving to the processe of the spongious bone dividing the nostrils it is called septumnarium 5. Is placed at the end of the palat of the mouth where the holes of the nostrils passe to the throat To these Columbus addeth a tenth Hee will have it to be like unto a plough and to disjoyne the lower part of the nostrils Of the lower Iaw The lower Jaw hath but one bone It resembleth the Greek letter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or a bow It hath two holes the one is more backward and larger thorow this passe some nerves from the fift paire to the roots of the teeth as also a small veine and artery The other is more outward not so round thorow the passe some sprigs of the sinews to the lower lip You may passe thorow these holes a brissell CAP. III. Of the Teeth THere be three ranks of teeth Those of the first ranke are called incisores incisorii cutrers and 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 because they shew themselves when we laugh there be most commonly foure of them in each jaw they have but one fang and so easily fall out These first make way out of the gums because the tops of them are sharpest Those in the second ranke are called canini or dogs teeth from their length above the rest hardnesse and sharpnes In each jaw there are but two on each side of the grinders one They are called oculares or eye-teeth not that they reach to the orbit of the eye for they mount not higher than the nostrils but because sprigs of the nerves which move the eyes are carried to them These in the third rank are called molares grinders because like milles they grind the meat Most commonly they are twenty in number five in each side of every jaw Of these the two hindermost are called genuini and denta sapientiae because they shew not themselves untill man come to the yeares of discretion to wit the 28 30 yea even to old age it selfe In some they never appeare Those of the upper jaw have more fangs than those of the lower First because they hang. Secondly because the substance of the upper jaw is not so firme as that of the lower The teeth come out in man the seventh moneth and sometimes more slowly but in beasts sooner because they are to eat solid meat Of these teeth ten in each gum to wit the foure grinders the two dogs teeth and foure grinders doe cast The fore teeth cast the foure five and six yeare of the age the hinder flower The teeth as they are worne by use so they grow againe untill the decrepit old age for if a tooth fall out and grow no more the tooth answering it groweth logner Nature labouring to fill the space of the lost tooth As concerning the feeling of the teeth first of all they rather receive the impression of the first qualities to wit heat and cold and rather of cold than heat contrary to the fleshy parts Secondly not the whole tooth but the inner part towards the root which is more soft by reason of the sinew in the cavity of it and the membrane The hard outer part is insensible CAP. IV. Of the bones of the trunke of the body THese may be divided into those which are seated betweene the bones of the head and the rump bone and those which are placed betweene the last vertebra of the spina and the thigh bone Those which are seated betweene the head bones and the rumpe bone are either anterior laterall or posterior The bone in the forepart is called os pectoris the brest bone and os ensiforme because being long and broad and ending into a pointed cartilage it representeth the daggers of the ancients It is called also sternum because it is laid above the ribs and leaneth upon them It is composed of three parts 1. Is the highest bone large thick plaine yet unequall above arched resembling the pummill of the dagger It is called by some Iugulum and superior furcula It hath two cavities 1. Is in the upper part to receive the tops of the cannell bone 2. Is within about the middle to give way to the wind-pipe going down The second bone is narrower and hath sundry cavities for the receiving of the grissils of the ribs The third is broader and endeth into the cartilage which is called Cartilago 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 or sword-like cartilage and mucronata because it is pointed The pit which here appeareth outwardly is favea or scrobuculus cordis the pit of the heart The bones of the sternum are distinguished by transverse and are joyned together by cartilages The ribs are in number 12. whereof some are called vera genuinae legitimae lawfull and ribs indeed because they are more arched and reach to the sternum Some are called nothae spiriae adulterae illegitimae short or bastard ribs The true ribs are in number seven they are round and bony where they are joyned eith the vertebrae of the back but grisly and broad where they are joyned to the brest bone In the lower part they are hollow to receive a vein and an artery In making incision there to discharge quittour out of the cavity of the brest we must shun this part The inner side is smoother than the outer by reason of the pleura The bastard ribs are in number five so called because they are shorte lesse arched touch not the sternum and are softer They onely are joyned with the vertebrae of the back and end in long cartilages which turning upwards cleave together except the last which cleaveth to none to give way to the liver spleene and upper guts All the short ribs give way to the distention of the belly The bones of the back part of the trunks joyned are spina dorsi so called because the hinder part of it is sharp It reacheth from the head to the rump bone It is composed of 24. verterae 7. of the neck 12. of the back and five of the loynes Every vertebra is hollow within to receive the Spinalis medulla and at the sides to give way to the sinewes The first two vertebrae of the neck are joyned to the head by ligaments The first is

legs 9. The bones of the feet The explication of the fift Figure 1. The shoulder-bone 2. The elbow bones 3. The bones of the hand 4. The bones of the back 5. The heele-bone These two Figures are to bee placed in their order immediatly before the first Chapter of the book of bones The description of Anatomy The regions of the whole What the whole and a part signifie Things required in a part being strictly taken 1 2 3 4 5 6 The differences of parts What a similary part is The number of simple parts Of a tendon The differences of simple parts What a dissimilary part is Things to be observed in an organicall part 1 2 3 4 The degrees of an organicall part 1 2 3 4 The differences of parts taken from their function 3 The lower region Ilia Inguina The hindermost parts 1 Culitula 2 3. Of fat Its kinds 4 Membrana carnosa Its uses Of the parts contained in the lower belly It s substance It s connexion Its veines Its arteries Its sinews It s figure 6. De Anat. administ The reason of the frame of it The fat It s beginning An observation Another The marching of it The names of it It s structure It s connexion The vessels Its Glandules The use of it It s denomination It s situation It s bignesse It s connexion It s substance Its orifices 1 Its Veines Its arteries The cause of hunger It s action Chylus It s figure The etymon The figure Their substance Their length Their coats The fibres Their veins The Arteries The Nerves The fat The differences of the guts The thin 1 2 3 The thick guts 1 2 Glandules The biggest The bignesse of the mesaraeum It s beginning Mesocolon Why so called Their beginning Their insertion Their progress The difference between them and the ordinary mesaraicall veins Their values How to find them out Why the Ancients did not find these out Why they have no trunck It s bignesse Its veins Its arteries Its nerves It s figure Its ties Its differences from the liver of beasts A little lobe It s situation It s action A note The veins of it Vena portae Why so called How it differeth from vena cava How inosculation is performed A note How the inosculation of these veins is found out The distribution of vena portae Its roots Its branches Branches of Vena splenica Vena mesenterica The uses of it 1 2 The branches of vena sine pari The branches of ramus subclavius 1 2 Sprigges springing from the lower part of ramus subclavius The description of it It s bignesse It s connexion Its membranes The fibres of the proper membrane The parts of it How the choler is caried to the gall Its values Meatus hepaticus What beasts have this passage only Its vessels Of the stones in it The use of the passages The uses of the choler 2 3 4 Why choler is not carried to the stomacke 1 2 3 A note How the values are found out It s substance It s membrane Why it is red in Infants It s figure It s seat It s connexion Its vessels The uses of the arteries of the spleene 1 By what waies the spleen sendeth it superfluities to the kidnyes 1 2 The use of the spleene How the sanguification of the spleene differeth from that of the liver 1 2 Why the naturall parts are nourished with grosse bloud Their denomination Their number Their places Their figure Their connexion Their bignesse Their parts Their membranes The uses of the fat of the kidnies Renes succenturiati Their figure Their connexion Their nerves The proper membrane of the kidnyes The internall parts The colour of them Their substance The emulgent vessels How these parts are to be found out Their vessels How matters gathered in the cavity of the brest are discharged into the ureters The arteries The nerves The place of the arterie Their number Their substance Their coats Its fibres How the ureter differeth from the bladder Why the insertion is oblique It s place It s substance Its membranes Its fibres It s crust It s perforation Its parts It s figure How it is upholden Why mans bladder is snspended It s heat in man and woman How the bladdes of man differeth from the bladder of beasts Why stones are ingendered in it Why there is a consent between the bladder and kidnies An observation Why the bladder in man is big The muscle sphincter Its vessels Its nerves How the Chylus is made The differences of the genitals The parts of the genitals in man Vasa praeparantia The arteries The ending of the vessels Corpus varicosum Their substance Their number Their figure Their coats The line Vesiculae seminales Their substance The use of the caruncule in the urethra The holes by the which the seed passeth to the urethra Prostatae Perinaeum Why these parts in man are hairy Why corrupt seed is worse in a woman than in a man The description of it Its parts Why it hath no fat The cuticula culis The membrana carnosa The internall parts The two bodies Their beginning Septum lucidum The urethra It s frame Its muscles Glans Praeputium Fraenum The vessels Its sinewes The particles of the Cunnus 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 The neck It s length It s substance It s seat Its vessels The parts of it The month of it It s figure It s bignesse Why it is small No distinctcelles in it It s frame Acetabula Cornua uteri Its vessels The veins Arteries The sinewes Iti connexion Its ligaments The differences betweene the stones of a woman and of a man Its veins Its arteries The difference betweene these and those in men An observation Vasa deferentia Tuba Fallopiana The situation of it The limitation of it The figure of it The substance of it The parts of it The common containing parts 1.2 Cuticula 3. Pinguedo 4. The Membrana carnosa The parts of the brest The paps of men The parts of the paps in woman The glandulous bodies The veins The arteries Nerves The fat The figure of the dugs Their number Their situation Of the nipple What milk is It s substance Its parts It s figure Its holes It s beginning The vessels Veins Arteries Nerves The seat of the vessels and the pleuresie Its uses Of the Mediastinum Observation It s substance It s largenesse Its veins Its arteries Its nerves Of the pericardium Its membranes It s connexion It s beginning It s situation Its holes Its vessels Its uses The watrish humour in the pericardium It s generation The bloudy water in the capacity of the brest The Vena cava Its values The trunk ascending The laterall sprigs of the trunk ascending 1. Phrenica 3. Vena sine pari By which way matters in the brest are discharged The divarication of the vena cava Sprigs proceeding from the cava within the brest 1. Intercostalis superior 2. Mammaria 3. Mediastina 4. Cervicalis 5. Muscula inferior 6. The internall jugular Vena arterialis Arteria venalis The values of these two vessels How the bloud is carried to the left ventricle of the heart How the bloud is cooled Coronaria arteria The situation of the aorta Its trunkes The branches of the trunk ascending From the upper part 1 From the lower part 2 3 4 The branches of the trunke descending 1. The Inferior intercostals By what way quittour and water is sent from the br 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 the 〈◊〉 2. Phrenicae 3. Caeliaca 5 6 7 8 9 10 A note The values How bones feele 3 The description The description