the Art he can put back with his left hand the childs hands and with his right hand draw the feete gently taking heede that the childs face and belly may bee downeward and so draw out the child as hath beene shewed before Likewise if the Chirurgion find that the child be dead he must draw him forth by the feete without troubling himselfe to bring the head of the child to the passage For euery dead child because he is not able to giue any helpe to the birth but that all the labour is to come from the Mother is oftentimes the cause of her death And therfore the surest way is to turne him so that he may be drawn but by the feete or else with the Crochet As for my selfe I am of this opinion that it is better whether the child be dead or aliue if he come with his feete and hands formost that the Chirurgion bring him foorth by the feete then to turne him and bring his head formost and so expect a naturall birth for in this striuing the Mother hauing been much wearied and the chid much weakned the deliuerie though it be naturall will proue verie long and difficult in regard that neither the Mother nor the child can haue much strength left them Whereas if you draw him foorth by the feet neither the Mother nor the child being much weakned the birth will be more easie and fortunate As I haue alwaies had experience The meanes how to helpe a Woman when her child comes double putting formost either the Sides or the Backe and Shoulders or else the Buttockes CHAP. XX. BEside the former deliuerie which is when the child comes double putting his hands and feet formost there likewise happen diuers other births that are no lesse difficult and dangerous For when he comes side-long with his Sides Backe or Shoulders next the passage his feet must needs be on the one side of the Matrice and his head on the other lying quite crosse so that the child beating on both sides with his head and feet against the wombe doth extend and stretch it to no purpose wherby the Mother growes weake and faint which neither she nor the child can long indure without danger of death because his striuing helps not at all for his comming foorth The like may happen when the child puts out his thighs and buttocks formost which kind of birth is verie painefull and difficult because the child fils all the Matrice Which the Chirurgion perceiuing he shall consider whether it be better to turne the child and bring formost his head or else his feet if he can easily bring the childs head vnto the passage he shall proceed in this sort First he shall put in his right hand being annointed as before to turne the child and hauing found the shoulder with the palme of his said hand he shall lift the child vpward that his feet or knees may be toward the bottome of the Matrice whil'st the head fals and slides downward and shall hold it fast at the orifice of the wombe with his left hand being put in at the same instant and by this meanes shall bring the Armes close to the thighs and sides of the child that the Woman may be naturally deliuered But if the Chirurgion finde any difficulty to lift the body vpward for the bringing of the head downward then shall he slide his right hand vnder the childs armepit and so draw him gently yet not making the arme come foorth to place the head right against the passage But if the Chirurgion find any hindrance in bringing the head downeward and that hee thinkes he can more easily guide and bring the feete to the orifice of the wombe then the best and surest way is to draw him foorth in that sort by the feete and certainly when the child comes with his buttocks formost his head being vpward then may you sooner meete with his feete and bring them easier to the orifice of the Matrice to bee drawne foorth as wee haue shewed before But when hee puts his shoulder or backe formost then may you the more easily lift him vp to make his head slip downeward or else take him by the Armepit and so bring gently his head to the necke of the wombe to deliuer him naturally The manner of helping the deliuery wherein the child comes with his belly and breast formost CHAP. XXI THe most troublesome and painfull situation of a childe in his mothers wombe is when he comes with his belly formost putting out his nauell his legges and armes being turned backwards For when hee is placed in this manner and striues to come foorth hee thrusts against the sides of the Wombe with his hands and feet and so boweth backward and bends the backe bone that hee brings himselfe as it were into a circle whereby hee endur's and suffers much paine and likewise is weakned exceeding much vnlesse hee be speedily helpt and besides by his compression and striuing hee causeth the Mother to endure much paine and anguish without any profite at all both which doth require to be speedily redressed which maybe performed in this sort First the Chirurgiō shal place the woman in good order as hath beene said and then shall he slide vp his right hand beeing first annointed to obserue and feele what part of the childs body is neerest which hee shall perceiue both by his feeling and by wagging and stirring the child vp and downe If the breast be next he shall take with the said hand the child by he shoulders and top of the Arme bringing him thereby gently downeward afterward lifting vp his hand that the childs head may fall right towards the passage putting in presently his left hand to receiue and set straight the childs head which may be turned on the one side and that being done the deliuery shall bee afterwards performed Naturally But if the head cannot be easily brought downward or that the belly and top of the thigh be neerer vnto the passage then the Chirurgion shall put his right hand along the childs thigh to find one of his feete which being found hee shall cast about it a riband with a sliding knot and then shall he seeke for the other and bring them both gently to the passage and so draw him forth by the feete taking hold of him with a warm napkin between both his hands obseruing alwaies that his face and belly be downewards for feare least when the shoulders are come forth the chinne catch vpon the os pubis as we haue shewne more at large in the chapter of deliuering the childe with the feete formost to which place I referre you shunning often repetition The meanes to help the birth when there be twins the one comming with his feete the other with his head formost CHAP. XXII IT cannot well bee perceiued alwaies whether a woman beares two children though she be in trauaile for I my selfe was present not long
draw the saide after burthen and so consequently the womb or else part therof which commonly brings the woman into extream paines and fainting yea and oftentimes to death Which hapned to my great griefe vnto a Gentlewoman that died as soone as shee was deliuered who putting her selfe into her nurses hands who tooke vpon her to be a Midwife and was so ventrous as to plucke and draw forth the said Membrane and part of the after-burthen which came to light by means of her Chamber-maid who had kept it and shewed it vs after her decease we being very inquisitiue to know the cause of her death But when this happens it must not be puld away but rather gently be thrust in againe or else you may put in your hand betweene that and the neck of the wombe to find the childs feete and so draw him forth as we haue shewed before I haue set downe this story more at large by reason of the great sorrow I tooke for this Gentlewomans death whom I had deliuered twice before with mine own hands comming not soone enough to helpe her the third time The meanes to deliuer a woman when her child is dead in her wombe CHAP. XIII WHen it is certainly knowne that the child is dead the woman must bee placed in the same manner as it hath beene shew'n where wee spake of the taking forth of the child when there is a fluxe of bloud If he put forth an arme shoulder backe belly or other part of his body first hee must be turned with all diligence and drawne forth by the feete as we will more particularly declare in euery seuerall deliuery according to the sundry fashions wherein he may come either aliue or dead If he come dead with his head forwards and that there is no hope at all of the womans deliuery without helpe and that her strength begins manifestly to decay the surest way is to apply the hand And then the Chirurgion shall thrust gently his left hand beeing wide opened betweene the childs head and the necke of the wombe and with his right hand he must put between the said head and flat of the hand an Iron Crochet such a one as you see heere figured vnto you The figure or portaict of the Crochet wherewith the dead childe may bee drawn forth of his mothers belly when hee comes with his head forward the which is so lock'd within the os pubis that it cannot be displaced or pusht vpward to turne and draw foorth the child by the feete without much hurting the Mother and often endaungering her life It will likewise serue to take forth a head that remaines alone in the wombe It must be ten or twelue inches long strong and thicke and large enough to take holde Which must bee fastned to the side of the childs head as about his eare or bone of the Temples or in some other place if it may bee done conueniently as within the hollow of the eye or the hinder bone of his head the Chirurgion keeping his left hand in the same place where he put it first and therewith he shall wagge and stirre gently the childs head and at that very instant with his right hand wherin he holds the crochet so fastned in any part of the head must he draw and bring out the child bidding the woman striue and force her selfe as though she would be deliuered alone And it is to be noted that the Chirurgion must take his time to draw him forth when the woman falls into throws for while the throws continue the child slides forth the easier Oftentimes it chaunceth that the Crochet cannot be put high enough at the first to draw foorth the head all at once so that after it is come forward and drawne out in part they are faine to take away the Crochet from the place where it was first fastned and put it in againe to take new hold higher in another place which the Chirurgion may doe very fitly as it hath beene shewed already Likewise if the Crochet be not well and surely fastned at first but that it slip and lose the first hold then it will bee needfull to fasten and put it in a surer place Hauing drawne forth the head and the Crochet beeing taken out the Chirurgion shall slide in his fingers very cunningly vnder the childs armepits that he may draw forth the shoulders and the rest of his body for by this meanes hee shall bee easier drawne out then by the head which must be done very leasurely without any violence giuing the woman leaue to gather her strength and expecting till her throws come vpon her While the Chirurgion is about this worke they must giue the poore Woman a little wine or else let her sucke a tost sop't in wine or Hippocras perswading and incouraging her that she shall quickly be deliuered This manner of drawing the dead child out of the mothers womb is safer and speedier then that which is vsed by turning and putting backe the childs head to finde his feete and so pull him out thereby For whensoeuer the childs heade is much entred within the os Pubis it is impossible to thrust him vpward and turne him without much indaungering the Mother and causing great contusion in the wombe from whence proceeds diuers accidents and sometime death as I haue seene it often happen I know some will alledge that they haue taken foorth children aliue which were thought to haue beene dead in the Mothers wombe with the saide Crochet and that they haue presently died onely with the hurt they receiued by the Crochet and certainely this is a cruell kind of practize Whereto I answere that we must diligently looke and consider whether the child be aliue or dead before wee put in the Crochet and if there be any appearance of life wee must deferre the taking of him foorth therewith as long as we may But being dead I see no reason but wee should take the child forth with the said Crochet for the causes heeretofore mentioned But if the child be aliue it is a great question whether he ought to be puld forth by the Crochet presupposing that the Mother hauing lost her strength is ready to dye except this meanes bee vsed it beeing more expedient to loose the Mother then the child who would both dye if that were deferred any longer and whether to saue the Mother who is more deare then the saide child this practize may be ventured But as I thinke there are none that goe about this businesse but with some touch of Conscience which being a point of Diuinity I leaue to be decided by them that are more conuersant therein then my selfe The meanes to draw forth a child that is swollen and puft vp in his mothers womb together with the manner of drawing the head when it stayes behind CHAP. XIIII IF the dead child continue long in the mothers wombe he
may easily be putrified and not onely his head breast and nether belly swolne and fild with wind and water but likewise his legges and feet will be puft vp This swelling and puffing vp may also happen through all the childs body though he be aliue hauing eyther the Hydro cephale or swelling of the head or the dropsie either of the lungs or belly or else beeing Leucophilegmaticall This accident happening when the child is aliue hee must be helped as being aliue not deliuering the Woman to the childs losse But if he be dead and ye perceiue that his head brest or nether belly is swoln or fil'd with wind or waterish matter then the Chirurgion must put vp his hand carrying in the hollownesse of it a little crooked knife very sharp made after this fashion with the saide knife hee shall deuide and cut the part wherein the wind and water shall bee inclosed whether it bee the head breast or belly which beeing let foorth the childe will grow lesse and afterwards hee may the more easily be taken out The forme of the Knife to deuide the swolne part which must be of this bignesse heere described that it may the better be carried within ones hand to the place that must bee cut or open'd whether it be the head breast or belly It may so happen that the childs arme comming formost through the long stay it makes without as also because it hath been pul'd by violence will be swolne yea and euen gangren'd that it cannot possibly be thrust backe againe that the child may be drawen foorth by the feet If it fall out to be so then the arme must be pul'd out as far as it can and if it may be done conueniently let it be cut off at the ioint of the shoulder or else as neere vnto it as may be the bone shall be cut off with sharpe cutting pincers or else sawed off verie euen the skin and muscles being put aside that so the bone may be couer'd with the said flesh muscle and skin which will fall ouer it and also that the bone through his roughnesse and hardnesse may not hurt the sides of the wombe the stumpe that was cut or sawed being put backe againe Sometime the childs head will not follow the bodie either because of the bignesse thereof or else because the child is ill turn'd that in drawing him foorth he chances to haue his belly stomacke and face lying vpward which causeth that the bodie being wholy come foorth while they would also draw foorth the head the chin takes hold of the Os pubis and being pul'd violently the bodie onely is drawen and the head not moued sticketh fast For the remedying whereof that the head stay not behind the bodie must be gently turn'd placing the face downward as we said before for by this situation the head being moued vp and downe will be easily drawen foorth with the rest of the bodie by holding the bodie with one hand and putting a finger of the other hand into the childs mouth And when the head stickes the Chirurgion must thrust his left hand into the wombe and put his fore finger into the childs mouth to stay the head which by reason of the roundnesse of it and moisture of the wombe roules and slideth vp and downe not being easilie staied then with his right hand let him put in the Crochet which must be hook't or fastned either in the temples hole of the eare hollow of the eye or else in the mouth and then let him draw the head gently both with the Crochet and also with the left hand hauing his fore-finger in the childs mouth and so bring him foorth as cunningly as he can taking his time alwaies when the Mother is in some paine that so the child may be the easier drawen foorth The meanes to help a Woman in her trauaile when the child comes with his head formost but hauing his necke awrie and his head aside CHAP. XV. BEing now to speake of Births that are contrarie to nature we will begin first with the Head as being the worthiest and most notable part of all the bodie Sometimes the child comes as he doth naturally with the head formost but it is placed amisse which may be after foure seuerall fashions either the head lying vpon the backe or vpon the stomacke or else vpon the edge of the shoulders inclining towards one of the Mothers flanckes which makes that the child cannot come foorth straight and in a direct line because his necke is bow'd and stands awrie He being thus turn'd it is verie hard yea euen impossible that the Mother should be deliuer'd either through any indeauour of the childs thrusting his feet against the bottome of the Matrice nor by any labour of the woman forcing likewise and straining her selfe as much as she can possibly by holding in her breath But contrariwise the more the child striues to come foorth and inioy the outward ayre the more he intangles and wreath's his necke so that at last both his strength and the Mothers are together much weakned through the paine they both suffer the child being in danger by reason of the great compression that must needs follow the wreathing of his necke and also by the hindrance of respiration though he breaths onely as yet by the Arteries of his Mother vntill the after-burthen be loosened for then he takes breath at his owne mouth The Marrow also of the backe and the sinewes being the instruments of motion may thereby be so pressed together that the animal spirits may be intercepted which depriueth the child of all motion and consequently of life wherefore it will be verie necessarie to help him speedily which ought to be done in this sort First let the Mother be placed and held after the same order we prescribed for the helping of them that are troubled with a great Flux of bloud Then the Chirurgion hauing his hands annointed as we said before shall put vp his right hand being open as gently as he can possibly to find on which side the head doth leane and is turn'd if the childs head lean vpon his breast his hand will meet first with the backe if it be turned toward the backe then he shall light vpon the breast or if the head leane vpon one of the shoulders then he shall find the other first which will also be inclining somewhat toward the womans flancks which when he hath found before he go about to remoue the head and bring it into his naturall situation which is to place it directly ouer against the necke of the Matrice he must first with the ends of his fingers thrust vpward the bodie of the child either by the shoulders or backe or by the breast for by this meanes the head of the child will not leane so hard against the sides of the wombe so that his necke will euen come of it selfe to the right place And
then to turne him vpside downe and lift his feete vpward thereby to bring his head downward to the passage And therfore whether he come with one or both his feete forward the greatest care must be to know how his whole body is placed lyes in his Mothers womb as whether his face and belly be turned toward the mothers backe and his shoulders backe and buttocks towards her Nauell likewise whether his armes bee separated from his thighs flankes and sides which ought also to be diligently obserued in all births that are contrary to Nature especially in those when the child is drawne forth by the feete For when you draw him out of the wombe with his buttockes backe and hinder parts of the head turned toward the backe of the Mother and his face toward her Nauell and belly then without doubt the feet buttocks body and shoulders of the child being drawn forth when the head commeth to the os pubis it will hang therein which beeing so catched it will be very hard nay impossible to draw forth the child and if you draw him too violently it is to be feared least you breake his necke especially if the child be too big or his head great Therefore when you haue drawne him by the feete till he is come forth as farre as the buttocks and wast before you draw him any further you must marke diligently the position of the body whether the belly brest and face be vpward or no. For if he be so placed before you draw him any further you must turne him vpside downe which you shall performe if you hold him fast by the buttockes and hips with both your hands and turn the whole body withall drawing it gently and so bring the belly breast and face downeward which being done you shall draw him forth with ease without daunger of staying or carrying the head vpon os pubis which must needs happen if the child were drawne with the face vpwards And this haue I well obserued being called to the deliuery of some women where this chance for want of good heed taking hath happened the head sticking within and putting vs to great trouble to draw it foorth Beside when the body is thus situated if both the armes be stretched out aboue the head you shall bring downe one of them close to the side and let the other stay stretched out that when the shoulders are come foorth the said arme may be as it were a stay or splint to the necke for the passage of the head to hinder the passage from shutting or closing vp and fastning about the necke of the child and so hinder che child from comming foorth notwithstanding oftentimes the child is so slender and little that so soone as the shoulders are come out presently the head follows after and needeth not the helpe of an arme to bee a rest for the necke Being at Moret with Count Charles I was called together with the late Mons de la Corde one of the Kings Phisitions to deliuer a poore woman which had beene in trauaile two daies and two nights the waters beeing broken and the child left dry the necke of her Matrice was closed she being no more vrged with paines or throwes which I obserued by slipping vp my hand vnto the said necke and getting two of my fingers therein where feeling one of the childs feete I perswaded my selfe that I should deliuer her well which I did in this sort First when I had placed her well I annointed my hands with butter and hogs grease melted together and with store thereof I annointed the inward necke of the Matrice as well as possibly I could and when I had somewhat dilated the saide necke with three of my fingers I cast a ryband with a sliding knot vppon the childs foote fastning it gently and then dilating againe the said necke I found out the other foote vpon which I slipped another riband as I had done vpon the former Then did I draw both the ribands and brought the two feete together which when I had drawne out vnto the buttocks I began againe to annoint as before then taking a napkin lest it should slip I bad the woman force her selfe as much as shee could possibly especially when shee felt her paines and throws comming and then drawing sometimes directly and sometimes to the one side so to enlarge the passage I drew on the child gently turning the belly thereof downward that the chin might not catch in the ospubis as I haue noted before I haue often repeated this fashion of drawing out the child for feare least the young Chirurgion erre in performing it otherwise which if he should doe he will be much troubled in drawing out the head which may sticke by the way as I haue seen it happen The meanes how to help a Woman when her child commeth with both the feet and both the hands together CHAP. XIX THe child comming into the world may offer himselfe to the necke of the Matrice in diuers fashions as beside those that haue been spoken of with both the feet and hands formost the buttocks backe and head of the child being so bent and bow'd against the bottome of the Matrice which doth presse and thrust him downward that the said hands and feet come foorth with such violence that it is a fearefull thing to see and full of danger because of the difficultie to remedie it the Matrice bearing downe it selfe in such sort and to no vse it being impossible that the child should be borne whil'st he is thus situated And therefore it will be necessarie in this case to giue help with as much speed as may be The practize whereof is in this manner First you shall place the woman as we haue said before then the Chirurgion hauing his hands annointed as is required if the child be aliue he shall trie first with his right hand to put the feet into the Matrice making them slip vp as easily as he can to the bottome of the said Matrice and with his left hand shall he stay the hands that they come not foorth further the feet being thus thrust backe presently he shall either put one of his fingers into the childs mouth or else take him by the hinder part of the head to bring it direct against the passage in the meane time putting backe with his left hand the childs hands and armes that they may fall close to his sides then taking the head between the palmes of his hands he shall place it iust against the passage Which being done the birth will succeed naturally both by the help and striuing of the child and also by the indeuour of the Mother when she feeles her throwes come vpon her But when the Chirurgion shall find that the feet legs and hands cannot be put backe and that the Matrice doth beare downeward and shut it selfe not suffering the feet to slip vp then must he with all
also dauncing leaping riding in a Coach taking cold of her feete sitting vpon a cold stone and ouermuch cooling of the Matrice may be causes thereof The inward causes are abundance of moisture which hath relaxed the ligaments or else a longing desire which a woman may haue for the companie of a man which may also happen to maides and barren women as Hippocrates writeth Another cause may be the long suppression of the naturall courses which sometimes makes a woman grow Viril or mankind as Hippocrates witnesses of Phaëtusa wife of Pitheus who became like a man with a beard and a mans voice The said Hippocrates giueth another reason contrarie to the former which is because she hath had the companie of her husband too soone after her deliuerie while her sicknesse is yet vpon her But commonly this falling downe of the Matrice doth come as Hippocrates noteth by being ill deliuered To which also Galen subscribeth making a similitude of it to two that wrastle together one of which falling to the ground drawes his fellow with him and makes him fall also euen so the Matrice striuing to put foorth the child doth thrust foorth it selfe also especially if the ligaments which should hold it to the backe bee naturally loose and weake It may also happen that while the Midwife drawes foorth the child or the after-birth the Matrice may follow it together In this case although Hippocrates in his booke before cited seem to be of opinion that there is no remedie but for young women leauing elder women without helpe Yet I haue cured them euen of all ages with verie good successe For the Cure therefore we haue three intentions The first to bring the Matrice into his owne place the second to keep it there the third to strengthen it being there keept For the first let the Chirurgion place the woman in this sort Let her lye vpon her backe with her legs higher then her head and her feet drawne vp in such sort that her heeles may almost touch her hinder parts with her thigh 's and knees spread abroad If the Matrice be fallen downe but a little it may easily be put vp nay it will euen go vp of it selfe But if it be much fallen downe before it be put vp it must be suppled and softned that so it may returne more easie and with lesse paine Let it be annointed therefore with the cooling ointment of Galen or else with some such liniment as this An ointment ℞ Axung Anser Gallin an ℥ j. Ol. Amygdalar dulc Lilior an ℥ s Cerae parum fiat litus For a shift you may take fresh butter and oyle of Roses mingled together and then vse this fomentation warme A fomentatiō ℞ Malu Parietar Matricar Betonic Saluiae an m. j. flor Chamaemel Melilot an P. i. Rosar rub p. ij Coquantur in aequis partibus vini aquae profotu After that you haue vsed this fomentation put vp the Matrice gently with a soft linnen cloth and when it is put vp let the woman draw vp her breth as we vse to bid them that haue a Hernia or bursting to be put vp and by this meanes the Matrice will be brought to his place the more easily Beside you must remember that if there bee any tension hardnes or inflammation in the Matrice to soften and souple it with the aforesaid liniment and fomentation and so will the inflammation be asswaged And if you find that the bladder or great gut bee full of excrements as I haue seene not long since in a poore Woman of Masson by meanes whereof the Matrice was shut and kept out then first you must make way for the Vrine by a Catheter and also voide out the excrements by Clitters For the second intention which is to keepe the Matrice in his place when it is well put vp and placed the best and surest meanes is to thrust vp a pessary such a one as is here described which hath this power to keepe the Matrice vp and yet not put it to any paine Beside it will not hinder the Matrice from purging out such euacuations as a woman newly deliuer'd hath or any other humour which may be contained in the wombe For this Pessarie hath a hole in the midst of it to giue such excrements free passage and issue The Pessarie being put vp let it abide there two or three daies when you take it out put vp a fresh one keeping that to serue another time There must also be a little string tyed to it so to be fastned to a girdle or some other thing least it fall downe to the ground The figure heere set downe doth shew the manner of it If the woman be newly deliuer'd and in her sicknesse you must not vse any astringent medicine for feare least you stay that but it is sufficient to keep the pessarie there When the time of purging is past then must there a care be had of the whole habit and constitution of the bodie Hippocrates wisheth that she eate little and drinke lesse the first seuen daies after which she may take some sustenance and when she would disburthen nature let her sit vp in her bed but not rise from thence in fortie daies After that time accomplished shee may walke gently but in no wise bath her selfe If she be full of bad humours let her be purged if she hath not had her courses or purgings sufficiently and if she be full of bloud it will be conuenient to open a veine And because the ligaments which tie and hold the Matrice are oftentimes much moistned and relaxed with slime and fleame which fals vpon them it will be necessarie to drie them by euacuating and drawing away the humour which is the cause heereof To this purpose Hippocrates doth much commend vomiting because it riddeth away such flegmaticke humours as commonly are in the stomacke by turning them another way Besides that the stomacke while it heaues it selfe vpward lifts and drawes vp the Matrice with it but this must be done considerately because strong and violent vomiting shakes and troubles the Diaphragme and guts making them presse downward and by this meanes keep downe the Matrice Heere also will it be auailable to applie large cupping glasses on the top of the hips vnder the paps and vnder the Nauill as also to bind the vpper part of the arms somwhat hard Moreouer you shal let the woman haue good sents to smell to as also some things of an ill sent to put vp beneath Liniments and plasters may likewise be applied vpon the backe belly and groine such as we haue set downe in the Chapter of Abortment As for the third intention which is to strengthen the wombe you must vse to this purpose Pessaries Parfumes Suffumigations and Iniections put vp and applied to the part Let the Pessarie be of the same fashion prescribed before but onely
when I am accused there be no bodie to speake for me If therefore it be thought preiudiciall either to the literarie common-wealth of Physicke that I haue exported and made common a commoditie which the learned would haue had priuate to themselues or if I haue been oftensiue to Women in prostituting and divulging that which they would not haue come to open light and which beside cannot be exprest in such modest termes as are fit for the virginitie of pen paper and the white sheetes of their Child-bed I must as well as I can defend my selfe from these imputations and shew my care to keep both learning and modestie illibate and inuiolable First then I haue done no more in this then the Author hath in his French Copie which is common to be had and read in that vulgar tongue In defence of which and this the shadow therof I must say that it is not writ so much for the learned who notwithstanding if they haue not the french may make vse of this as for the Chirurgions Midwiues who are called to this kinde of employment As for women whom I am most afraid to offend they must be content to haue their infirmities detected if they will haue helpe for them which I wish might not come to any eare or eye but to those which they themselues would haue acquainted therewith and as well for their sakes as mine owne satisfaction I haue endeuoured to be as priuate and retired in expressing al the passages in this kind as possibly I could And with this I hope all good Gentlewomen will rest satisfied to whom I wish all happinesse of increase and all increase of happinesse that they may haue a good houre for this businesse and for all other Contentments many good daies and yeares A Summarie or Briefe of all the Chapters contained in this worke That which is handled in the first Booke THe gouernment and ordering of a woman the nine Monethes she goes with Child and the meanes to help her whatsoeuer sicknesse doth happen in that space Fol. 1 1 The signes whereby to know that a woman is with Child 2 CHAP. 2 The signes to know whether she will haue a Boy or a Wench 8 3 The signes to know that a woman hath two Children 12 4 Of false Conception 13 5 Of the order of Diet which a great bellied woman ought to keep 18 6 How a Woman must gouerne her selfe all the time of her being with Child 27 7 Of diuers Accidents which trouble and molest Women while they are with Child 32 8 Of Womens longing called Pica 34 9 Of Distastfulnesse and of the Hicket 41 10 Of the Vomiting which comes vpon a women with child 43 11 Of the paines of the Stomacke Flancks and Belly which happens to a Woman with Child 47 12 Of the paine of the Backe Hips and Groine and of the difficultie of making Water which chanceth to Women with child 49 13 Of the palpitation and beating of the Hart As also of the Swounings which happen to women with Child 52 14 Of the Cough 54 15 Of Costiuenesse or hardnesse of the Bellie 51 16 Of the Fluxe of the Bellie or Laske 61 17 Of the swelling of their Legs and Thigh 's 65 18 Of Abortment or the meanes to help them that beare not their Children to the full time 69 That which is handled in the second Booke The meanes to helpe a Woman with Child either in her naturall Trauaile or that which shall be contrarie to Nature 1 OF Midwiues Fol. 79 2 What manner of woman a Midwife ought to be 84 3 What must be obserued when a woman is ready to fall in trauaile 86 4 Of the duitie and office of a Midwife concerning the first time she must obserue in the trauaile 91 5 Of the second time she must obserue 93 6 Of the third time she must obserue 97 7 Of the care and attendance that must be had to a woman that is newly deliuer'd 101 8 Of painfull and difficult deliuerie and the causes thereof 104 9 The meanes to help Women that are deliuer'd with difficultie and great paine 113 10 Of diuers kinds of deliueries which are performed by the Chirurgions help And first what a Chirurgion ought to consider before he go about this worke 123 11 The meanes of helping a woman that is troubled with a Fluxe of blood and Convulsions in the time of her trauaile 125 12 The way to help a woman in trauaile when the After-birth comes for-most 133 13 The meanes to help a woman when her Child is dead in her wombe 136 14 The way to draw foorth a Child that is puft vp swolne 104 15 The meanes to help a woman when her Child comes with the head forward hauing his Necke and Head turned awrie 144 16 The meanes to help a woman when the Child commeth with an Arme and the Head formost 147 17 The meanes to help a woman when the Child comes with both his Armes and the Head formost 149 18 The meanes to help a woman when the Child comes with one or both the Feet formost 152 19 The meanes to help the deliuerie when the Child commeth with both his Hands and both his Feete together formost 160 20 The meanes to help the Woman when the Child commeth double putting formost either his Sides or his Backe and Shoulders or his Buttockes 163 21 The manner of helping the deliuerie when the Child commeth with his Breast and Bellie formost 166 22 The meanes to help the deliuerie when there is two Twins and the one comes with his Head and the other with his Feete formost 169 23 The meanes to help the woman that hath two Twins when they both come with their Feet formost 173 24 Of the After-birth which is retained and staies after the deliuerie and the meanes to bring it away 176 25 The way to take foorth a Child by the Caesarian section 185 What is contained in the third Booke The Gouernment and ordering of a Woman newly deliuered and of the diseases that happen vnto her in her Moneth 1 OF her Diet. 189 2 What must bee done to her Breasts Belly and neather parts 194 3 Of the Accidents that follow the Deliuerie And first of the Gripings or After-throwes 206 4 Of the falling downe of the Fundament and Matrice 210 5 Of the hurts and excoriations which happen in the neather parts after the deliuerie 211 6 Of the Hemorroides 215 7 Of the immoderate flowing or comming downe of the ordinarie euacuations or purgings 220 8 Of the suppression or stopping of the said purgings 227 9 Of the false Conception staying behind after the deliuerie 232 10 Of the precipitation or falling downe of the Matrice 235 11 Of the sticking and growing together of the necke of the Matrice 245 FINIS THE GOVERNMENT and ordering of a Woman the nine moneths that she goes with childe And also the meanes to helpe her what sicknesse soeuer doth happen in that
in feeling gently crosse the membrane that containes the waters she shall find either the roundnesse of the childs head or else some vneuennesse If in feeling she perceiue that there is any hard and equall roundnesse it is most likely to be the childs head and that he comes naturally but if she feele any vneuennesse the contrarie may be imagined When she perceiueth that all comes well and according to nature the throwes increasing vpon the woman and that the child doth striue and endeuour to come forth and the wombe doth straine it selfe to be freed of this burthen Then the Midwife must incourage the woman entreating her to hold in her breath by stopping her mouth and to straine downward as though she would go to the stoole Assuring her that she shall be quickly eased of her paine and that her child is euen ready to come into the world exhorting her to be patient and promising that she shall haue either a goodly sonne or a faire daughter according as she knoweth her affection inclined And the Midwiues greatest charge must be that she doe nothing hastily or rashly or by force to inlarge the passage of the child and much lesse to let foorth the water or to breake and teare the membranes that containe it but she must expect till it breake of it selfe Some Midwiues either through ignorance or impatience or else by being hastned to go to some other womans labour do teare the membranes with their nayles and let foorth the water to the great hurt and danger both of the poore woman and her child who remaines drie the water being issued and voided before the appointed time yea oftentimes before the child be well turned which hath been the death of many women and children But when the water both by the indeuour of the Mother and likewise of the child shall be newly broken then aswell the Midwife as the rest of the women present must more and more incourage the woman especially when her throwes increase beseeching her in the name of God that she would farther them as much as she can possibly In the meane time the Midwife must continually annoint the neather parts with butter or some other fats And when the head doth offer it selfe to come foorth she must receiue it gently with both her hands which being come soorth and the womans throwes increasing she must draw out the shoulders handsomely sliding downe her finger vnder the childs arme-pits taking the oportunitie and time when her throwes come fastest And it is to be noted that the throwes cease verie little or not at all after the head and shoulders be once come forth Neuerthelesse it will be very fit to giue the poore woman a little breathing intreating her that she would be of as good cheare as she can After this the Midwife hauing drawen out the shoulders may easily draw forth the rest of the body which must not be done either hastily or rashly But because the child naturally doth come into the world with the face downward therefore when he is quite taken foorth he must be turned vpon his backe for feare lest hee be stifled or chok't And if his nauell-string be woond about his necke as many times it happens then must it be vnwoond Oftentimes likewise the child is so feeble and faint that there can scarsely be perceiued any breath or life in him and therefore he must haue a little wine spirted into his mouth nose and eares in that quantitie as shall be needfull When he is come to himselfe and begins to crie then the Midwife must follow the string wagging and shaking it thereby to draw and bring foorth gently the after-birth to which it is tyed bidding the woman to cough and likewise to hold some salt in her hands fast shut together and then blow in them In the meane time the Midwife or some other woman must presse gently with her hand the top of the womans belly stroking it lightly downward the after-burthen being come it must be laid vpon the childs belly and the child together with the after-birth must be wrapp'd vp handsomely in a bed and a blanket to be carried nearer the fire couering the head with a linnen cloth fiue or sixe times double and yet not exposing him sodainly either to the fire-light day-light or candle-light lest by this sodaine change his sight might be hurt but his eies must be couered that by little and little he may open them and acquaint them with the light But as I said before the woman must be incouraged when the water doth issue foorth and caused to straine her selfe to be deliuered that the child may follow the foresaid water And they must likewise obserue diligently whether the paines be the paines of trauaile or no and whether the water be that wherein the child swimmeth For there be some women that haue these waters issue out and come away long before they are ready to lie downe Which I haue seen happen vnto diuers women and of late memorie to Mad. Arnault who hauing gone sixe or seuen moneths and troubled with a great Colique that had held her almost two moneths and tooke her euery day at certaine howres She being at her house in the Countrey intreated me that I would come and see her and to haue my aduise and counsell whether it were fit for her to come into the Citie which I adiused her to do both because of the great paines she had as also for her exceeding greatnesse being of opinion that she might haue two children as she had had not aboue a yeare before Being come to Paris her Colique was somewhat mitigated and a little while after she voided two or three gallons of water without any paine thinking verily then that she was not with child yet fiue daies after she was deliuered very happily and with little paine of a faire daughter there following very little water or none at all I saw another Ladie in whom these waters came away aboue ten daies before her deliuerie yet she kept not her bed but followed her ordinarie businesse And this is worth marking that they may be carefull not to hasten the deliuerie except the paines be proper for trauaile and such as I haue already described The Third time that must be obserued by the Midwife CHAP. VI. AS soone as the child is borne and that the Mother is deliuered of her after-birth the Midwife shall cause her legs to be gently laid downe taking away the peece of wood that lay at her feet and put a fine linnen cloth or rather a cleane spunge washed in warme water and wrung out betweene her thigh 's neare vnto her naturall parts that the cold ayre may not get therein and then must she take the child together with the after-burthen and carrie them to the fire as hath been said already And if it happen that the after-burthen be long ere it come or be drawen foorth and that the
for the better help the Chirurgion at the same instant shal slide in his other hand yet not taking out the former wherewith finding the place where the head doth rest and leane he may easily draw his hand towards the side of the childs head and so shall he bring it gently to the naturall place and by this meanes the childs head will rest betweene his hands to be set right The like also may he do by putting his hand gently toward the hinder part of the head and so set it right hauing first thrust the child vpward either by the backe or breast the which is seldome done because it is a surer and readier way to thrust him vp by the shoulders and to say the truth the childs head is oftner turned toward the Mothers flancks then either toward her belly or her backe The meanes to help a Woman in trauaile when the child comes with the hand and arme together with the head formost CHAP. XVI THe child should come into the world with his head forward and if there be any thing that comes with it it is contrarie to nature If the hand and arme offer themselues and come foorth of the wombe this trauaile is contrarie to nature and therefore dangerous because the arme takes vp the roome the head should haue hinders it from comming right according as it is turned either to the right side or to the left or else vpward the head leaning vpon the backe or downward being placed vpon the breast as we shew'd in the last Chapter when the necke stands awrie which vnlesse it be help'd in time it will be verie hard for him to come safe into the world For the hand and arme comming foorth by reason of their tendernesse and softnesse being neuer so little crush'd or held in the ayre they are quickly alter'd and spoil'd and will be swolne and puft vp exceedingly yea and sometime fall into a Gangrene which I haue often seen come to passe and therefore it will be verie necessarie to redresse it speedily But especially the Chirurgion must take heed of pulling the said hand or arme because it is impossible he should draw him out thereby For how much the more the arme is thrust whether it be by the Mothers or the childs striuing or else by the Chirurgion who labours to pull it out so much the more will it make the head and necke to bow and bend either toward the stomacke backe or sides it being impossible that the head and arme should come foorth both together because the said head is so infolded and ingaged in one of the said places and therefore this order must be obserued heerein First the Mother must be laid vpon her backe her head and necke lying somewhat low and her hips somewhat raised then the Chirurgion hauing his hands oil'd as before shall annoint all the womans parts with that hand which is most fit according to the diners situation of the child If the hand onely come foorth he shall take it at the top of the wrist and so thrust it backe as high as he can guiding it all along the sides and flancks of the child and hauing plac'd it there he must pull backe his hand to giue place to the childs head which at the same instant with his other hand must be brought and put right against the necke of the wombe And the better to set it aright he must with both his hands being spred abroad and placed on each side the head thrust the shouldert vpward with the ends of his fingers as we shew'd in the former Chapter that the childs head may be set in the mid'st which will be easie for him to do in taking the childs temples of his head betweene both his hands and by that meanes set it straight And when this is done let him suffer the woman to rest her selfe a little assuring her that her child is well plac'd and that by and by he will come naturally into the world The rest shall be performed as we haue shew'd in the naturall Deliuerie placing the woman after the same order as hath been said But if it chance that the child be dead and that the arme be gangren'd and so swolne that it cannot be put backe then must it be help'd in the same manner as we haue shewed before which ought to be done with all speed for feare of the putrifaction that may happen vnto it The meanes to help the trauaile wherein the Child comes with both his hands armes and head formost CHAP. XVII Notwithstanding this may bee said to bee lesse dangerous for the child because howsoeuer hee striue to come forth and for all the throws that the Woman can haue yet the child cannot wreath or turne his necke aside But yet to say the truth it is more troublesome both for the Mother and the Chirurgion yea and sometimes for the childe also But the best way to proceed heerein is that the Chirurgion after he hath placed the woman as is aforesaid hauing his hands annointed as also the parts of the Woman he shall gently put in his right hand and bring one of the childs armes to his due place by stretching it out at length along by the flankes and thighs and presently with drawing that hand he shall thrust in his left to bring the other arme into his place as he did the former This being done he shall marke whether the head of the child be placed right in the meane time suffering the woman to take some ease not holding her so much backe as when hee placed the armes of the child Then shall he place her as in a naturall birth but if hee find that the head of the child be turned aside and be not set direct against the passage as it vseth to be in a naturall birth then shall he gently put in both his hands ioyned together and presently opening them he shall touch onely with the ends of his fingers both the shoulders of the child and put him backe easily toward the bottom of the Matrice and beeing so put backe the head of the child will come betweene his hands which he shal easily place aright against the passage as is aforesaid by taking both sides of his head or temples betweene his hands and so the deliuery shall be performed naturally The meanes to helpe the mother when the child comes with one or both feete formost CHAP. XVIII WHensoeuer the child comming into the World doth put one or both his feete formost the Chirurgion shall place the Woman as it hath beene oftentimes told hauing his hands annointed let him chuse whether he will draw the child forth by the feete or else if he thinke it better to put backe either one or both the feete and so turne him and bring his head straight to his passage For my part I thinke it the better safer way to draw him foorth by the feete
since at the deliuery of an honest woman who brought two children and when she was deliuered of the first the Midwife not expecting that there was a second was ready to draw out the after burthen but that I perceiued another offer it selfe at the passage which as it came naturally so was shee deliuered thereof very fortunately But if it so fall out that the twins do come the one with his head the other with his heeles formost then the Chirurgion shall behaue himselfe in this sort First he shall consider which of the two children the woman may be easiest deliuered of If the head of the one come not so forward as the feete of the other it will be easie to draw foorth that child by the feete putting the others head a little aside and when he hath brought that foorth he must presently set the head of the other right against the passage and incourage the woman to bee deliuered which will the easier bee done because the other hath prepared the way And if it happen that in deliuering the first by the feete the second should change his situation then the Chirurgion shall looke after the feet and draw him foorth as he did the former And when the head of the first is very forward then shall hee thrust backe the feete of the second to giue way to the others head that he may come naturally If the heads of both the children come together to the passage the Chirurgion must take great care for it is impossible for him to make them come foorth both at once except they be very little And therefore hee shall put vp his hand to try whether both the heads are placed in one and the same line and point of distance as commonly it happens or else whether the one is further forward then the other And especially hee must obserue whether the two children be monsters and vnnaturall or no. As whether there be two heads vpon one body or if they be ioyned together either by the backe or by the belly as it is often seene which he may easily perceiue by sliding his right hand open betweene the two heads putting it as high as he can to feele the diuision and then drawing his hand down againe gently between the two heads hee shall thrust aside the one to giue place to the other which hee must bring right to the passage leauing the second neuerthelesse in his naturall situation And when the woman feeles her throws come vpon her then shall he by all meanes bring forward the former that he would receiue holding downe the other with two or three fingers of his left hand least he should offer to come foorth and shall endeuour onely to bring the first into the world Which beeing done if the second bee not well situated he shall bring the head forward right to the necke of the Matrice and being brought thither he may easily come foorth because the way hath beene prepared and made ready by the former But you must obserue that the first beeing come foorth hee must be taken from betweene his mothers legges for feare least he indanger his life but you must first tye the nauell as we haue shewed And besides it will be very necessary and fitte before it be cut to tye the rest of the nauell string that is fastned to the after-burthen with a large and strong thred that it may therby be the easier found and drawne foorth afterwards For the thred that binds the Nauell being left too short it may slippe into the womb and thereby much trouble the mother When the second child is come foorth the Chirurgion must search whether there bee two after-burthens or no. And if it happen that after the second deliuery the two after-burthens should not come away so soone as they ought then must they bee prouoked for feare least the Matrice beeing emptied of two children might chaunce to sinke downe and shut it selfe close together thereby as it were to retain the said after-burthens and by this meanes hinder the deliuery of them which must be remedied as wee haue shewed before If the two children should haue but one body I am of opinion that for the performing of this deliuery it would be a more easie and safe way to turne the head vpward and draw him foorth by the feete than to make him come foorth with the head formost hauing an especiall care when he comes foorth as far as the buttocks that you guide and draw them foorth with all the Art you can possibly at which kind of deliuery I my selfe was neuer present The meanes to help a Woman in trauaile of Twins their feete comming formost CHAP. XXIII AS two twins may chance to offer themselues with their heads so likewise sometimes they may happpen to come with their feete formost When this chaunceth the Chirurgion ought to obserue whether the twins be separated as wee said before or whether they be vnnaturall as hauing foure legs one or two bodies and likewise one or two heads Now the best way to find it is that the Chirurgion hauing his hand annointed as before slip it vp gently wide open as high as he can and finding that the twins are not ioyned together but diuided and distinguished he shall bring down his hand betweene one of their thighs and pulling it a little lower shall take hold of one of the twins feet that which he thinks may bee easiest drawne foorth and tye about it a riband with a sliding knot towards the Ankle then shall he put his hand along the said legge and so euen to the buttockes that thereby hee may find the other legge of the same child and ioyne them together and not bee mistaken taking one legge of the one twinne and another of the other For if he should doe so then without doubt in drawing of them forth he would teare them both asunder but beeing certaine by this meanes that both the legges and feete bee of the same child you may draw them foorth gently as wee haue shewed before taking care that the childe come with his face downeward When you haue thus drawne foorth the first you shall in the same manner proceed to the second hauing first taken away as is saide before the other from betweene the mothers legges And if it happen that one of the twins come naturally with his head formost and the other with his feete and that his feet are more forward then the others head then the safest way will be to draw him foorth first that hath his feete formost hauing first of all put the other aside that offered himselfe at the passage But if the head of the one be right against the passage and the feet of the other on the one side then shall hee put backe the feete gently and deliuer the woman first of him that had his head formost and afterwards draw the other foorth by the feete It may also happen in
your farther satisfaction Of the inflammation and swelling of the childs Nauill CHAP. XX. OFtentimes after the childs Nauell is tyed there commeth some inflammation swelling or vlcer and especially this hapneth when that which hath been tyed is diuided and fallen away it being not perfectly suppurated The same Nauell may swell also either through the childes eager crying or when he coughes much the tumor and swelling being full of wind and sometimes also of water The inflammation may be cur'd by the vse of Vnguentum Rosatum or with a little Vnguentum Refrigerans Galeni The bathing it also with Oile of Roses and a little Vnguentum Populeon may do verie much good As for the Vlcer if it be but small you may put vpon it some fine Flower or the powder of a rotten post or else a little plaster of Diapompholigos and Vnguentum desiccatiuum mingled together You may also sometimes touch it with a little Allome water and so cicatrize it As for the swelling you must haue a care that the Nauell stand not foorth too far and swell not more then it ought Now to hinder that you shall lay vpon it a cloth eight or ten times doubled and then swath it gently that the said Nauell stand not foorth too much which ought to be done if there be neither wind nor water contained within it But when either of them are there Auicen vseth this medicine Auicenus medicine ℞ Spicae Nard pul ℥ ss Terebinth ℥ iij. Ol. Amygdal dulc parum fiat vnguentum But mee thinkes to giue it a forme and consistence it were not amisse to adde vnto it a little waxe I vse commonly this plaster whether there be any wind or water which hath power to resolue consume and drie vp the said wind or water An approued medicine ℞ Vnguent Comitiss desiccat rubr an ℥ j. stercor Columb ʒ ij pul Irid. florent ʒ iij. Sulphur viui ʒ j. Ol. Nard ℥ ss Cerae Terebinth q. s. fiat Ceratum But the onely thing is to keep it downe with a boulster and swathing that it swell not or stand foorth the more Some vse Emplastrum contra Rupturum for it Of Gripings and Fretting in the belly which troubleth little Children CHAP. XXI THese gripings do trouble little children verie much the causes are two For either they come because the excrement called Meconium is retained in the guts This humour is black and slimy like melted pitch which pricketh and wringeth their guts and puts them to paine to void it Or else these Gripings are bred of the abundance of milke which the child taketh or of the ill qualitie thereof the which being not digested doth putrifie and corrupt and turnes either into choller or into sharpe and salt fleagme Or else there is bred some wind which causeth a distention of the stomacke and guts The cold aire and the wormes also may cause it which I leaue to be handled in another place Concerning the cure if the said excrement called Meconium be the cause of the said gripings it must be euacuated by little suppositaries made of the rib of a Beete leafe or of Sope and also by Clysters to draw away this humour and make it come foorth If too much milke be the cause then the Nurse shall not giue the child sucke so often nor in such plentie If it proceed from wind and that do cause the child to be thus troubled it shall be discussed with Fomentations applied to the belly and Nauell and with Carminatiue Clisters which shall be giuen him as this A Clister for the wind ℞ Malu Bismal Parietar an M. j. flor Chamaem Melilot summitat Aneth an p. j. semin Anis Foenicul an ij coquantur perfectè in iure pulli vel capitis veruec in colatum ad ℥ vj. dissolue Diacatholic Mellis Anthosat Saccar rubr an ℥ ss Ol. Chamaemel Aneth an ʒ vj. fiat Clyster Of the foresaid decoction you may also make a fomentation with fine spunges and then let his bellie be rub'd and annointed with oyle of Camomile Melilot and Dill mingled together Parietary of the wall with a few Camomile flowers and tops of Dill fryed with Oile of Lillies and Dill and then layd to the belly hot are very good If you perceiue that these gripings proceed of some sharpe biting or chollericke humor that gnaws and gripes the stomack and the guts which may be knowne both by feeling his belly which will be hotter then ordinary and also by the stooles which will be yellow and greenish then shall you giue him little Clisters of milke or else of the broth of Veale Capon or of a sheeps head wherein you shall dissolue two drams of Benedicta Lanatiua and as much Oyle of Violets and red suger Let his belly be rubbed with Oyle of Roses and Violets or else with Mesues Ointment of Roses You may giue him to take inwardly some Oyle of sweet Almonds newly drawne and mingled with Suger candy And if the child be any thing big it will be very fit to giue him an ounce of the compound sirup of Cichory with Rubarbe dissolued into Agrimony water or of Carduus Benedictus you may also mingle amongst his pappe or gruell a little Cassia drawne the better to make him take it Of the Wormes CHAP. XXII THe Wormes doe trouble little children very cruelly and therefore not without good reason did Hippocrates call them Theriodigastros as cruell beasts in the belly There be of them of diuers formes and bignes Some of them are round and long named Elminthes which breed in the small guts they ascend somtimes into the stomacke and come foorth at the mouth There be others that are long and flat called Teniae which are as it were a band couched and placed all along the great guts Some are little and slender as the point of a needle and are called Ascarides by reason of the itching which they cause in the great gut the fundament in which place they are bred and oftentimes they are inclosed as it were with a little purse I haue seene diuers that haue voided a million which haue bene al of them fastned together Touching their generation Hippocrates obserueth that little children doe bring the wormes euen from their Mothers belly but most commonly they are bred of putride corrupted flegm as also of other ill humors which lye in the guts When children are troubled with the wormes they waxe leane they haue no desire to eate their belly aketh swels and grows bigger they start in their sleepe and doe sometimes swoune and haue a little drye Cough the colour of their face is pale and wanne and their eies great they rub their nose commonly and when they are troubled with small wormes their fundament itcheth But the surest signe that a child hath the wormes of what nature soeuer they be is when hee voides them with his excrements by stoole or that they come vp by the mouth or through the