Voyage And many of my companie at Sea vaunted how they had cousened the Earle of Cumberland Master Candish Master Reymond and others some of fiue poundes some of tenne some of more and some of lesse And truely I thinke my Voyage prospered the worse for theirs and other lewd persons companie which were in my ship which I thinke might be redressed by some extraordinarie seuere and present Iustice to bee executed on the offenders by the Iustice in that place where they should bee found The greater part of my companie gathered aboord I set sayle the twelfth of Iune 1593. I cannot but aduise all such as shall haue charge committed vnto them euer before they depart out of the Port to giue vnto their whole Fleet not directions for ciuill gouernment but also where when and how to meete if they should chance to lose companie and the signes how to knowe one another afarre off with other points and circumstances as the occasions shall minister matter different at the discretion of the wise Commander by publication of that which is good and necessarie for the guide of his Fleet and people but all secret instructions to giue them sealed and not to be opened but comming to a place appointed Lanching out into the channell the winde being at East and by South and east South-east which blowing hard and a floud in hand caused a chapping Sea and my Vice-admirall bearing a good sayle made some water and shooting off a Peece of Ordnance I edged towards her to knowe the cause who answered me that they had sprung a great leake and that of force they must returne into the Sound which seeing to be necessarie I cast about where anchoring and going aboord presently found that betwixt winde and water the Calkers had left a seame vncalked which being filled vp with Pitch onely the Sea labouring that out had beene sufficient to haue sunke her in short space if it had not beene discouered in time And for more securitie I hold it for a good custome vsed in some parts in making an end of calking and pitching the ship the next tide to fill her with water which will vndoubtedly discouer the defect for no pitcht place without calking can suffer the force and peaze of the water In neglect whereof I haue seene great damage and danger to ensue The Arke Royall of his Maiesties may serue for an example which put all in danger at her first going to the Sea by a trivuell hole left open in the post and couered onely with Pitch In this point no man can be too circumspect for it is the securitie of ship men and goods This being remedied I set sayle in the morning and ranne South-west till wee were cleare of Vsshent and then South South-west till wee were some hundred leagues off where wee met with a great Hulke of some fiue or sixe hundred tunnes well appointed the which my companie as is natural to all Mariners presently would make a prize and loden with Spaniards goods and without speaking to her wished that the Gunner might shoot at her to cause her to amain Which is a bad custome receiued and vsed of many ignorant persons presenâ—ly to gunne at all whatsoeuer they discouer before they speake with them being contrarie to all discipline and many times is the cause of dissention betwixt friends and the breach of Amitie betwixt Princes the death of many and sometimes losse of ships and all making many obstinate if not desperate Comming within the hayling of the Hulke we demanded whence she was whither she was bound and what her loding Shee answered that she was of Denmarke comming from Spaine loden with Salt we willed her to strike her Top-sayles which shee did and shewed vs her Charter-parties and Bils of loding and then saluted vs as is the manner of the Sea and so departed Wee directed our course to the Maderas The Madera Ilands are two the great called La Madera and the other Porto Santo of great fertilitie and rich in Sugar Conserues Wine and sweet Wood whereof they take their name Other commodities they yeeld but these are the principall The chiefe Towne and Port is on the Souther side of the Madera well fortified they are subiect to the Kingdome of Portugall the Inhabitants and Garrison all Portugals The third of Iulie wee past along the Ilands of Canaria which haue the name of a Kingdome and containe these seuen Ilands Grand Canaria Tenerifa Palma Gomera Lancerota Fortenentura and Fierro These Ilands haue abundance of Wine Sugar Conserues Orcall Pitch Iron and other commodities and store of Cattell and Corne but that a certaine Worme called Gorgosho breedeth in it which eateth out the substance leauing the huske in manner whole The head Iland where the Iustice which they call Audiencia is resident and whither all suits haue their appellation and finall sentence is the Grand Canaria although the Tenerifa is held for the better and richer Iland and to haue the best Sugar and the Wine of the Palma is reputed for the best The Pitch of these Ilands melteth not with the Sunne and therefore is proper for the higher workes of shipping Betwixt Fortenentura and Lancerota is a goodly Sound fit for a meeting place for any Fleet. Where is good anchoring and abundance of many sorts of Fish There is water to be had in most of these Ilands but with great vigilance For the naturals of them are venturous and hardie and many times clime vp and downe the steepe Rockes and broken Hills which seeme impossible which I would hardly haue beleeued had I not seene it and that with the greatest arte and agilitie that may bee Their Armes for the most part are Lances of nine or ten foot with a head of a foot and halfe long like vnto Boare-speares saue that the head is somewhat more broad Two things are famous in these Ilands the Pike of Tenerifa which is the highest Land in my iudgement that I haue seene and men of credite haue told they haue seene it more them fortie leagues off It is like vnto a Sugar loafe and continually couered with Snowe and placed in the middest of a goodly Valley most fertile and temperate round about it Out of which going vp the pike the cold is so great that it is vnsufferable and going downe to the Townes of the Iland the heat seemeth most extreme till they approch neere the coast The other is a tree in the Iland Fierro which some write affirme with the dropping of his leaues to giue water for the sustenance of the whole Iland which I haue not seene although I haue beene on shoare on the Iland but those which haue seene it haue recounted this mysterie differently to that which is written in this manner That this Tree is placed in the bottome of a Valley euer flourishing with broad leaues and that round about it are a multitude of goodly high Pines
Some three leagues beyond we passed neere vnto another Riuer which seemed to be very great yet barred for the most part with Rockes some eight leagues farther there is a Point which runneth a league and an halfe into the Sea where there is not past a fathome and an halfe of water When you are passed this Point there is another about foure leagues off where is water enough All this Coast is low and sandie Foure leagues beyond this there is a creeke where a Riuer entreth many ships may passe heere on the West side this is a low point which runneth about a league into the Sea you must runne along the Easterne shoare some three hundred paces to enter into the same This is the best Hauen which is all along the North shoare but it is very dangerous in going thither because of the flats and sholds of sand which lye for the most part all along the shoare almost two leagues into the Sea About six leagues from thence there is a Bay where there is an Isle of sand all this Bay is very shallow except on the East side where it hath about foure fathoms water within the channell which entreth into the said Bay some foure leagues up there is a faire creeke where a Riuer entreth All this coast is low and sandie there descendeth a fall of water which is great About fiue leagues farther is a Point which stretcheth about halfe a league into the Sea where there is a creeke and from the one point to the other are three leagues but all are shoald where is little water About two leagues off there is a strand where there is a good hauen and a small Riuer wherein are three Islands and where Ships may harbour themselues from the weather Three leagues beyond this is a sandie point which runneth out about a league at the end whereof there is a small Islet Going forward to Lesqueuim you meete with two little low Islands and a little rocke neere the shoare these said Ilands are about halfe a league from Lesqueuim which is a very bad Port compassed with rockes and dry at a low water and you must fetch about a little point of a rocke to enter in where one Ship onely can passe at a time A little higher there is a Riuer which runneth a little way into the land This is the place where the Basks kill the Whales to say the truth the hauen is starke naught Wee came from thence to the foresaid hauen of Tadousac the third day of August All these Countries before mentioned are low toward the shoare and within the land very high They are neither so pleasant nor fruitfull as those on the South although they be lower And this for a certaintie is all which I haue seene of this Northerne coast AT our comming to Tadousac we found the Saâ—ages which wee met in the Riuer of the Irâ—cois who met with three Canowes of the Irocois in the first Lake which fought against tenne others of the Mountayners and they brought the heads of the Irocois to Tadousac and there was but one Mountayner wounded in the arme with the shot of an Arrow who dreaming of something all the other tenne must seeke to content him thinking also that his wound thereby would mend if this Sauage die his Parents will reuenge his death either vpon their Nation or vpon others or at least wise the Captaines must giue Presents to the Parents of the dead to content them otherwise as I haue said they would be reuenged which is a great fault among them Before the said Mountayners set forth to the Warre they assembled all with their richest apparell of Furres Beauers and other Skinnes adorned with Pater-nosters and Chaines of diuers colours and assembled in a great publike place where there was before them a Sagaue whose name was Begâ—â—rat which led them to the Warre and they marched one behind another with their Bowes and Arrowes Mases and Targets wherewith they furnish themselues to fight and they went leaping one after another in making many gestures of their bodies they made many turnings like a Snaile afterward they began to dance after their accustomed manner as I haue said before then they made their Peast and after they had ended it the women stripped themselues starke naked being decked with their fairest Cordons and went into their Canowes thus naked and there danced and then they went into the water and strooke at one another with their Oares and beate water one vpon another yet they did no hurt for they warded the blowes which they strooke one at the other After they had ended all these Ceremonies they retired themselues into their Cabines and the Sauages went to warre against the Irocois The sixt day of August we departed from Tadousac and the eighteenth of the said moneth we arriued at the I le Perçee where wee found Mon 〈…〉 r Preuert of Saint Malo which came from the Myne where he had beene with much trouble for the feare which the Sauages had to meet with their enemies which are the Ar 〈…〉 cois which are Sauages very monstrous for the shape that they haue For their head is little and their body short their armes small like a bone and their thigh like their legges great and long which are all of one proportion and when they sit vpon their heeles their knees are higher by halfe a foot then their head which is a strange thing and they seeme to be out of the course of Nature Neuerthelesse they be very valiant and resolute and are planted in the best Countries of all the South Coast And the Souricois do greatly feare them But by the incouragement which the said Mon 〈…〉 r de Preuert gaue them hee brought them to the said Myne to which the Sauages guided him It is a very high Mountaine rising somewhat ouer the Sea which glistereth very much against the Sunne and there is great store of Verde-grease issuing out of the said Myne of Copper He saith that at the foot of the said Mountayne at a low water there were many morsels of Copper as was otherwise declared vnto vs which fall downe from the top of the Mountaine Passing three or foure leagues further toward the South there is another Myne and a small Riuer which runneth a little way vp into the Land running toward the South where there is a Mountaine which is of a blacke painting wherewith the Sauages paint themselues Some sixe leagues beyond the second Myne toward the Sea about a league from the South Coast there is an I le wherein is found another kind of Metall which is like a darke browne if you cut it it is white which they vsed in old time for their Arrowes and Kniues and did beate it with stones Which maketh me beleeue that it is not Tinne nor Lead being so hard as it is and hauing shewed them siluer they said that the Myne of
many sorts of Rootes and diuers Land-beasts as Armadillos which afterward I found to be very good meate Of all these at the first I onely tooke one Fowle and a couple of fishes and bestowed the rest among their children which procured me no small good will among them Here I stared among them being well entertained for certaine moneths vâ—â—ill I had learned most part of their language in which meane space I noted their manners which were as followeth They went out to the warres armed at my first comming onely with Bowes and Arrowes some three or foure hundred at a time and when they had the victory of their enemies they tied one of their Captiues to one of their company with Cotten cords fast arme to arme and bringing them home within two or three daies after they would tie them to a poast and with a madie club of red wood one of the strongest of the company after they haue drunke a certaine strong drinke with dancing round about him at one blow slits his head a sunder this drinke is made by their women of a certaine roote called I. P. which first they seeth and afterward chew in their mouthes and then spit it out againe into a long trough and mingle it with water and there let it worke two or three daies and gatâ—â—â— yeest vpon it like to our Ale which done they take the liquor and put it into broad mouth Iarres of earth and of this both their men and women doe drinke at their feasts till they be as drunke as Apes I could obserue no Religion amongst them but onely that they reuerence and worshippe the Moone especially the new Moone whereat they doe reioyce in leaping dancing and clapping their hands The Merchantable commodities of this Countrie are Brasill-wood Tobacco red Pepper and Cotten Wooll They haue also great store of Apes Monkies Armadillos Hogges without tailes as bigge as ours their Birds are Parrats Parraketos blacke Fowles as bigge as Doues and Ostriches as high as a man After I had liued about halfe a yeare among stithem and learned their language the King requested me to goe to the warres with him against his enemies the Tapwâ—es which I granted but before we set out I shewed them a way for making of certaine Targets of the barke of a Tree some three quarters of a yard long for defence against Arrowes whereof we made some hundred and withall I wished them to make some two hundred of Clubs Which being done we marched forward some 700. in number which by mine aduice were all marked with a red kinde of Balsome from the knee downeward vpon one legge to be known from our enemies by the way it is to be noted that there are three sorts of Balsamum in that Countrie to wit White Red and Blacke very odoriferous and excellent good for a greene wound and the White I esteeme to be best In three dayes march we came to another Towne built foure square as before I haue declared but much lesser we set vpon the Towne about foure of the clocke in the morning the enemy standing vpon defence of their Arrowes were much deceiued by reason of our Targets which being seconded by our Clubbes wee immediately knocked downe to the number of two hundred the rest except some twenty prisoners escaped into the woods Here the King staied one day and caused many of thir carkases to be broyled vpon the coales and eaten The chiefest riches which we found here was their drinke which they vsed to make themselues drunke withall their Cotten Beddes and their Tobacco As for Gold and Siluer they neither seeke nor make any accompt thereof This is to be noted that how many men these Sauages doe kill so many holes they will haue in their visage beginning first in their nether lippe then in their cheekes thirdly in both their eye-browes and lastly in their eares Those twenty prisoners which we brought home were afterward killed rosted and eaten While I remayned here amongst these people certayn Portugals accompanied with certayn Negrâ—s and Brasilians came within some ten leagues of our town to see whether they could surprise any of our Sauages and to harken what was become of me for that they had heard by this time that some of Sir Francis Drakes company were east ashoare amongst the Sauage people but there comming was not so secret but that two of the Portugals and certayne Negros were taken and after their confession of the intent of their comming thither they were brained with clubs broyled and eaten These things thus passing I became sutor to the King to giue mee leaue to depart his Countrey and to goe to some Riuer of Brasill not planted by the Portugals to see if I could spy out any English or French ship to passe me into my Countrey which hee in the end fauourably granted and sent foure of his people with me to furnish me with victuals which they did very plentifully of Birds Fish and Roots for the space of nine or ten weeks all which time they did accompany me and I desiring to goe toward the Line they brought me into the towne of Bahia Detodos los Sanctes But about foure or fiue miles before we came to the towne I yeelded my selfe to a Portugall called Michael Ionas declaring vnto him that I was an Englishman and enquired whether there were any Englishmen dwelling in the towne hee told me that there was one Antonio de Paua in the towne which could speake good English and was a louer of our Nation and brought mee directly vnto his house This Antonio de Paua pittying my case and aduising mee not to bee knowne that I vnderstood the Portugall Tongue brought mee to the Gouernour whose name was Diego Uas this Gouernour told me by Antonio de Paua which became my Interpreter that seeing I was found in the Inland of their Countrey Westward being a stranger contrary to their Lawes he could doe no lesse then commit me to Prison and send me into Portugall to be committed to the Gallies for tearme of life to this I answered by the aduice of my good friend Autouio de Paua that I came not willingly into those Dominions but beeing by casualtie once come there I was not taken Prisoner but sought them out and came and yeelded my selfe into their hands laying downe my weapons at one of his Nations feet Neuerthelesse he sent me to Prison whereby the meanes of Antonio de Paua and other of his friends I was sufficiently relieued and within one fortnight after brought againe publikely to the barre in the Towne-house to mine answere There I answered the second time by Autouio de Paua my Interpreter that I thought it sufficient that when I might haue kept our yet of mine owne free will I had made a long journey with great hazard of my life through the Countries of Sauages being Man-eaters which fauoured me
Cocke entreated for me so I remayned in the ship I had very sorie clothes the toes of my feet full of Lice that God is my record they lay in clusters within my flesh and of many more besides my selfe I had no Cabbin but lay vpon a chist Now we come out of the Straits with all our fleet but the Dainty that lost vs in the Riuer of Plate in the storme that we had and the Crow that was sunke After that we came out of the Straits wee came before Port Desire againe and there our Boats went to Penguin Iland for Penguins at this place the Generall tooke a Chirurgion who cured with words This man comming aboord our ship said some words ouer my feet and I had feeling in my legges and feete which I had lost before for the space of a fortnight many times before this man came I had hot Irons laid to my feet but I had no feeling were they neuer so hot That day that we departed from Port Desire the Generall sent for all the Masters of the ships and commanded them that till midnight they should keepe there course with him and that when he should shew them two lights then they should cast about and beare in with the shoare but Dauis which was Captaine of the Desire and Tobie Master of the Pinnasse did deceiue vs and went for the Straits as I was enformed afterwards by some of there men that were taken at Brasill after that I was taken Three or foure dayes after this wee had a great storme in the which the Roe-bucke lost her mayne Mast and we lost her Now were wee all alone in a great ship and we knew not what wee were best to doe but in the end wee determined to come for Santos hoping there to find the rest of our company In this storme I sate on a chist and was not able to stirre for still as the ship seeled on one side the chist went from starboord to larboord and it was the will of God that it fell betweene a piece of Ordnance and the Carpenters Cabbin on the one side and on the other side betweene another Peece and the Chirurgions Cabbin Thus all the night I lay very cold and it was the will of God that the chist neuer turned ouer for if it had I could not haue escaped death the next day the storme ceased and most of our young Saylers which we call men of top a yard being wearied with their nights worke that was past were vnder Hatches asleepe and would not come vp to doe some businesse that was to bee done With that the Generall came downe with the end of a Rope as bigge as mine arme and one of the Saylers hid himselfe behind me the Generall spying him strooke at him and hit me on the side of the head and halfe an houre after finding me in the same case that the Generall had left mee in they tooke me and would haue cast mee out of one of the parts of the ship but it was the will of God that I spake and was saued Here one of the Indians that came to the Generall in the night at Santos fell ouer-boord by a mischance and was drowned Wee with much adoe in the end got to the Harbour of Santos where wee found none of our company we anchored right before a Sugar-mill that stood hard by the Sea side the Generall asked if there were any that would goe ashoare then Captaine Stafford Captaine Southwell and Captaine Barker offered themselues to goe on shoare and twentie more with them the Boate that they went in was made of Sugar chists and barrell boords they landed and tooke the Sugar-mill at the which they tooke a great Barke and sent it laden with victuals aboord our shippe which was more welcome vnto vs then if it had beene gold Here wee continued all that day and the next day they sent the great Boate againe laden with Sugars and Guinee Wheate then the Generall sent them word that they should come away but they sent him word againe that they had more prouision on shoare and before all was aboord they would not come The third day that our men were on shoare the Portugall set on them They had the little Boate ashoare but the wind being from shoare the great Boat went not from the ship side that day the next day that our men were slaine our long Boate went ashoare and brought vs newes how the little Boat was broke and how all our men were gone One of the Indians that I haue told you of landed here with our men and hauing experience of the Countrey when our men were in the hottest of their fight ranne away hauing one Arrow shot thorow his necke and another in his mouth and out at his poale this Indian swamme aboord vnto vs vpon a logge and told vs that all our men were slaine The Generall thought good to goe from hence to the Iland of San Sebastian and there if he did not meete with some of the ships that then he would returne for England the same day that we were to depart from Santos the Roe-bucke past by the mouth of the Riuer of Bertia where we were and shot a Peece and we answered with another then the Roe-bucke came into vs with her Masts broken After the Roe-bucke came to vs we went neerer the Towne determining to haue beaten downe the Towne with our Ordnance but wanting water the Gallion Lecester toucht ground and we had much adoe to get her cleere againe Then wee landed eightie of our men at a small Riuer neere the Towne where we had great store of Mandiora Roots Potatoes Plantons and Pine Apples The Portugals seeing our men going into the Riuer sent six Canoas to meete them we seeing them made a shot at them with the chaine of our Pumpe with that they returned and our Boats came safely aboord with good store of the aforenamed Roots In our ship there was a Portugall whom we tooke in the ship taken at Cape Frio this Portugall went with vs to the Straits of Magellanus and seeing of our ouerthrow told vs of a Towne called Spirito Sancto this Portugall said that we might goe before the Towne with out ships and that without danger we might take many Sugar-mils and good store of cattle The words of this Portugall made vs breake off our pretence that wee had for San Sebastian and we went to Spirito Sancto in eight dayes we got before the mouth of the Harbour at length we came to an Anchor in the Roade and presently we sent our Boats to sound the Channell and we found not halfe the depth that the Portugall said we should finde the Generall thinking that the Portugall would haue betrayed vs without any triall caused him to bee hanged â—he which was done in a trise Here all the Gentlemen that were liuing desired that they might go ashoare to take the Towne The
ioynts a fathome long others whereof they make their Arrowes and are esteemed Others so long that they haue three or foure Lances in length these growe among the Woods and as there are many so there are many and long beds of Canes of many leagues and as they growe among the trees they goe to seeke the Sunne and therefore are so long §. VI. Of the Fishes that swimme in the salt water also Shel-fishes Trees and Fowles of the Sea of Riuers and the Creatures which liue therein and the Beasts and Plants brought thither out of Portugall THe Oxe-fish in these parts is a Royall fish esteemed aboue all other fishes very healthfull in eating and of a good taste either salted or fresh And it rather seemeth Beefe then Fish and some doubts there were because it was eaten on fish dayes the flesh is all grained like Beefe and so it is cut in slices and they dresse it at the smoake like Bacon or hanged Beefe In the taste if it be eaten or sodden with Cabidge or other herbes it tasteth like Beefe and drest in sowce it tasteth like Mutton and rosted both in smell taste and fatnesse it is like Porke and hath fat also The Fish in his making seemeth a land creature and chiefly an Oxe the head is altogether of an Oxe with skinne and haire eares eyes cheekes and tongue the eyes are exceeding small for the bodie it hath he shutteth and openeth them when hee listeth which other fishes doe not ouer the ventsit hath two skinnes wherewith he closeth them and by them he breatheth and it cannot bee long vnder water without breathing it hath no more nor other finnes but the taile which is all round and close the bodie is of a great bignesse all full of yellow haires it hath two armes of a cubite long with two hands like round peeles and on them he hath fiue fingers all close one to another and euery finger hath his nayle like a mans nayle Vnder these armes the female haue two paps wherewith shee bringeth vp her young she beareth but one at once the inward part and the inwards of this fish are like an Oxes with liuer and lights c. In the head ouer the eyes neere the braines it hath two stones of a good bignesse white and heauie they are of great esteeme and are the onely remedie for the Stone for beaten to powder and dranke in wine or water it causeth to void the stone as it happened that giuing it to a person to drinke leauing other many experiences within one houre hee voided a stone as bigge as an Almond and remained sound being before at the point of death The bones of this fish are all massie and white like Iuorie They make of it great store of Butter they take two leaues as from a hogge and the most of the Butter it hath in the taile which being of a yard or more in length it melteth all into Butter it hath a good taste and for to dresse or frie fish and for light It is verie good also for Medicines as the Hogges Grease it is white and smelleth well it hath no smell of fish This fish is taken with Harping-Irons it is found in the salt Riuers neere the fresh water it feedeth on an herbe that groweth by the borders and within the Riuers and where this herbe groweth and neere the Springs of fresh water whereof hee onely drinketh They are verie great some weigh tenne others fifteene hundred and such a fish hath beene taken that an hundred men could not get it out of the water but they broke it vp there where it was killed The fish Beijupira is like the Sturgeon of Portugall and so it is held and esteemed of heere as a royall fish it is very healthfull fat and of a good taste they bee infinite and some of their towes are a span in compasse about these fishes are taken in the broad Sea with a hooke and line it is six or seuen spannes long the bodie is round blacke on the backe and the belly white The Oxe-eie is like the Tunnyes of Spaine as well in bignesse as in making inward as outward it is verie fat it hath sometime betweene leafe and leafe courses of â—at as thicke as a Portugall Tester they are cut in backes and bellies like the Tunnâ—es and of them is made great store and verie good Butter it hath leaues like a Hogge is a fish esteemed and of a good taste it deserueth well the name of One fish as well in his beautie as his bignesse the eies are properly like an Oxe and therefore it hath this name The fish Camurupi is also a royall fish and esteemed in these parts the graine of it all in flakes enterlarded with fat and grease and of a good taste it hath many bones through all the bodie and is dangerous in eating It hath a finne on the backe which it carries alwaies raised vpwards it is of two or threâ— quarters long the fish is long of twelue and thirteene quarters in length and of a good bignesse and two men haue much adoe to lift vp one of them they are taken with Harping Irons there are many of them and much Oile is made of them This wilde fish which the Indians call Piraâ—mbu that is a fish that snorteth the reason is because wheresoeuer it is is heard by his snorting is of a good bignesse about eight or nine spannes it is of a good taste and esteemed it hath in the mouth two stones as broad as a hand exceeding strange with them they breake the Wilkes whereof they feed the Indians esteeme the stones and weare them about their neckes as a Iewell There are many other fishes of sundrie kinds that are not in Spaine and commonly of a good taste and healthfull Of the fishes of Portugall in these parts are also many to wit a fish called Tainhas and a great multitude and it hath beene tried that the Tainha beeing fresh and laid to the stinging of a Snake is another Vnicorne There want no Sea-breames a fish called Chicharros it is like a Mackerill Pargos or great Sea-breames Sâ—rgâ—s other Sea-breames Garazes Darados the Needle-fish Cod-fishes but these are rare Pilchards like them of Spaine are found at sometimes in the Riuer of Ianuarie and the most parts of the South Scates and Rayes these Rayes some haue in their mouth two bones and breake with them the Wilkes All these fishes are so healthfull that in these parts they are eaten after Milke after flesh and all a whole Lent without Oile or Vineger and it causeth no scabs nor other diseases as in Europe but rather it is giuen to the sicke though they haue a Feuer or be very weake Because this Coast is full of many Bayes Nookes and Creekes there came great store of Whales to these Concaues chiefly from May to September when they spawne and bring vp their young and also because
speedily taking their flight conuaied themselues into their towne halfe a league distant from the Riuer we so pursued them that we came to their towne of Iuberic Sabaie at the verie same moment that they themselues entred which also presently we so besieged round that none of them might either goe out or in we also forthwith armed our selues with targets made of the skinnes of the Amydas as aforesaid We wan their towne Our Generall commanded before we should inuade them by force of armes that we should neither kill the women nor their children but onely leade them away captiues whose commandement also we obayed but all the men that we could light vpon must dye yet many escaping by flight preserued themselues and our confederates the Ieperus got one thousand of the enemies heads All these things thus performed those Carios who escaped by flight came together with their King and crauing pardon of our Generall intreated that their wines and children might be restored vnto them and then they would performe all obedience of subiection vnto vs as before and serue vs faithfully Our Generall therefore receiued them to fauour who afterward also continued constantly in our friendship and amitie so long surely as I abode in those Countries And this warre continued a yeare and an halfe and fell out in the yeare 1546. §. III. A long and troublesome March from Assumption into Peru. The Authors returne REturning therefore with our Shippes to our Citie the Assumption wee staied there two whole yeares But when in the meane time neither the Ships came out of Spaine nor any thing was signified by messengers our Generall going forth with three hundred and fiftie Spaniards and two thousand Carios in the yeare 1548. saileth vp the Riuer Parabol with seuen Brigantines and two hundred Canoas or Boates. But those of the people whom the Shippes could not hold trauaile by land with one hundred and thirty horses Hee made Don. Franck Mendoza Captaine giuing also prouision for two yeares These things therefore being thus setled The Generall hauing sent backe fiftie to Assumption with three hundred Christian Souldiers one hundred and thirty Horses and two thousand Carios hauing gone forward eight dayes iourney found no Nation but the ninth day wee light vpon a Nation called Naperus the people thereof liue onely by fish and flesh They are of a strong and tall stature Their women which are not beautifull couer their secrets This Country is sixe and thirtie leagues distant from the Mountaine Saint Ferdinand here we lay all night The day following continuing on our iourney we came the fourth day after to another Nation called Mapais which is very populous the Subiects are compelled to serue their Noblemen with fishing and labours and other worke no otherwise then our Boores with vs doe their Nobles But this Nation aboundeth with Mais Mandeoch Ade Mande pore Mandeoch porpie Padades Mandues Bachkeku and other rootes and things to eate It hath also Stagges Indian Sheepe Estridges Ducks Geese and many other kindes of Foule Their Woods abound in great plentie with Hony of the which also they make Wine and put it to other necessary vses The Sheepe which they call Amidas are of two kindes some of them domesticall and some wilde which they vse for carriages and to ride vpon and for other seruices almost as we doe our Horses as I also rid being carried on such a Sheepe in this very iourney more then forty leagues when my legge was lame They vse the same Beasts also in Peru for carriage of Merchandile as our people doe packe Horses These Mapais are men of a tall stature and warlike conuerting all their labour and study to warlike affaires Their women are faire and couer their secrets They doe no worke and labour in the fields but the whole care of maintaining the Family lyeth vpon the man neither doe they any thing else at home saue spinne and weaue Cotten or dresse meate for their husbands We were not aboue halfe a league from this Nation when they comming forth of the towne they met vs neere a certaine little Village where they perswaded vs quietly to refresh our selues that night for they would giue vs whatsoeuer we had neede of but this they did deceitfully and treacherously that also we might be more secure they gaue our Generall foure siluer Crownes such as are vsually worne vpon the head and foure Plates of siluer whereof euery one of them was a spanne and an halfe long and halfe a spanne broad These Plates they binde to their foreheads for ornament as we haue said before They presented our Captaine also with three yong women When we had turned into this Village supper being ended and the watch set that the people might be safe from the treacherie of the enemie wee gaue our selues to rest About midnight our Generall had lost his yong wenches 45. After this two thousand of the foresaid Mapais came vnto vs that ouercharging vs vnawares they might vtterly ouerthrow and kill vs but they got no great matter at our hands and in this conflict and bickering more then one thousand men were slaine They betake themselues to flight whom we pursued with great haste euen to their Towne but found no man there no not so much as their wiues and children our Generall therefore dispatching one hundred and fiftie harquebusse shot and two thousand fiue hundred Indian Caries pursueth these Mapais three dayes and two nights with great speede so that we did but dine and rested by night refreshing our selues foure or fiue houres with sleepe The third day we suddenly came vpon them gathered together in a certaine wood with their wiues and children but they were not those we sought but were their friends who were nothing afraid of vs nor did they suppose that we would euer haue come vnto them Notwithstanding the innocent were forced to pay for the fault of the guilty for when we light vpon them we slew many of them and tooke of the men women and children about three thousand persons and if it had bin day as it was night none of them had scaped our hands for an huge number of this people had gathered themselues together in a certaine Mountaine inclosed round with woods I had gotten for my part of the spoile about nineteene men and women not very old together with certaine other things These things performed returning to our Campe we quietly reposed our selues for eight daies for we found there sufficient plenty of victuall and other necessary things from this Nation Mapais vnto Saint Ferdinandes Mount where our Shippes rode were fiftie leagues and from the Nation Naperus thirtie six Marching on againe from thence we came to a Nation called Zemie subiect to the foresaid Mapais They liue almost as the Boores doe with vs vnder the power of their Lords In this iourney we light vpon fields tilled and set with Mais and other rootes and these fruites and meates are
yet rich of Gold The nineteenth of Aprill being Easter-euen we anchored vnder the Iland Mocha It lyeth in thirty nine degrees it may bee some foure leagues ouer and is a high mountaynous Hill but round about the foot thereof some halfe league from the Sea-shore it is Champaine ground wel inhabited and manured From the Straits to this Iland we found that either the Coast is set out more Westerâ—y then it is or that we had a great current which put vs to the Westwards for wee had not sight of Land in three dayes after our reckoning was to see it but for that wee coasted not the Land I cannot determine whether it was caused by the current or lying of the Land But Spaniards which haue sayled alongst it haue told me that it is a bold and safe Coast and reasonable sounding of it In this Iland of Mocha we had communication and contractation with the Inhabitants but with great vigilancie and care for they and all the people of Chily are mortall enemies to the Spaniards and held vs to bee of them and so esteemed Sir Francis Drake when hee was in this Iland whâ—ch was the first Land also that hee touched on this Coast. They vsed him with so fine a treachery that they possessed themselues of all the Oares in his Boat sauing two and in striuing to get them also they slue and hurt all his men himselfe who had fewest wounds had three and two of them in the head Two of his company which liued long after had the one seuenteene his name was Iohn Bruer who afterward was Pilot with Master Candish and the other aboue twentie a Negro Seruant to Sir Francis Drake And with me they vsed a policie which amongst barbarous people was not to be imagined although I wrought sure for I suffered none to treate with me nor with my people with Armes Wee were armed and met vpon a Rocke compassed with water whether they came to parley and negotiate Beeing in communication with the Casiques and others many of the Indians came to the heads of our Boates and some went into them Certaine of my people standing to defend the Boats with their Oares for that there went a bad sege were forced to lay downe their Muskets which the Indians perceiuing endeauoured to fill the barrels with water taking it out of the Sea in the hollow of their hands By chance casting mine eye aside I discouered their flynesse and with a Truncheon which I had in mine hand gaue the Indians three or foure good Lambeskinnes The sheepe of this Iland are great good and fat I haue not tasted better Mutton any where They were as ours and doubtlesse of the breed of those which the Spaniards brought into the Countrey Of the sheepe of the Countrey wee could by no meanes procure any one although we saw of them and vsed meanes to haue had of them This Iland is situate in the Prouince of Arawea and is held to bee peopled with the most valiant Nation in all Chily though generally the Inhabitants of that Kingdome are very couragious They are clothed after the manner of antiquitie all of woollen their Cassockes made like a Sacke square with two holes for the two armes and one for the head all open below without lining or other art but of them some are most curiously wouen and in colours and on both sides alike Their houses are made round in fashion like vnto our Pidgeon houses with a louer in the top to euacuate the smoake when they make fire They brought vs a strange kinde of Tobacco made into little cakes like Pitch of a bad smell with holes through the middle and so laced many vpon a string The people of this Iland as of all Chily are of good stature and well made and of better countenance then those Indians which I haue seene in many parts They are of good vnderstanding and agilitie and of great strength Their weapons are Bowes and Arrowes and Macanas their Bowes short and strong and their Arrowes of a small Reed or Cane three quarters of a yard long with two Feathers and headed with a flint-stone which is loose and hurting the head remaineth in the wound some are headed with bone and some with hard wood halfe burnt in the fire We came betwixt the Iland and the Mayne On the South-west part of the Iland lieth a great ledge of Rockes which are dangerous and it is good to be carefull how to come too neere the Iland on all parts Immediatly when they discouered vs both vpon the Iland and the Mayne wee might see them make sundry great fires which were to giue aduice to the rest of the people to bee in a readinesse for they haue continuall and mortall warre with the Spaniards and the shippes they see they beleeue to be their Enemies The Citie Imperiall lyeth ouer against this Iland but eight or ten leagues into the Countrey for all the Sea-coast from Baldiuia till thirtie sixe Degrees the Indians haue now in a manner in their hands free from any Spaniards Hauing refreshed our selues well in this Iland for that little time we stayed which was some three dayes we set sayle with great ioy and with a faire winde sayled alongst the Coast and some eight leagues to the North-wards wee anchored againe in a goodly Bay and sent our Boats ashoare with desire to speake with some of the Indians of Arawca and to see if they would be content to entertaine amitie or to chop and change with vs. But all that night and the next morning appeared not one person and so we set saile againe and towards the Euening the wind began to change and to blow contrary and that so much and the Sea to rise so suddenly that wee could not take in our Boats without spoyling of them This storme continued with vs tenne dayes beyond expectation for that wee thought our selues out of the Climate of fowle weather but truely it was one of the sharpest stormes that euer I felt to endure so long The storme tooke end and we shaped our course for the Iland of Saint Maries which lyeth in thirtie seuen degrees and fortie minutes and before you come vnto the Iland some two leagues in the Trade way lieth a Rocke which afarre off seemeth to be a ship vnder sayle This Iland is little and low but fertill and well peopled with Indians and some few Spaniards in it Some ten leagues to the Northwards of this Iland lieth the Citie Conception with a good Port from this wee coasted alongst till wee came in thirtie three degrees and forty minutes In which height lay the Ilands of Iuan Fernandes betwixt threescore and fourescore leagues from the shoare plentifull of fiâ—h and good for refreshing I purposed for many reasons not to discouer my selfe vpon this Coast till we were past Lyma otherwise called Ciuidad de los Reyes for that it
well esteemed and so are fine linnen woollen cloth Haberdashers wares edge-tooles and Armes or Mâ—nition It hath his Gouernour and Audiencia with two Bishops the one of Saint Iago the other of the Imperiall all vnder the Vice-roy Audiencia and Primate of Lyma Saint Iago is the Metropolitan and Head of the Kingdome and the seate of Iustice which hath his appellation of Lyma The people are industrious and ingenious of great strength and inuincible courage as in the warres which they haue sustained aboue fortie yeeres continually against the Spaniards hath beene experienced For confirmation whereof I will alledge onely two proofes of many the one was of an Indian Captaine taken prisoner by the Spaniards and for that hee was of name and knowne to haue done his deuoire against them they cut off his hands thereby intending to disenable him to fight any more against them but he returning home desirous to reuenge this iniurie to maintain his liberty with the reputation of his nation and to helpe to banish the Span. with his tongue intreated incited them to perseuere in their accustomed valor and reputation abasing the enemie and aduancing his Nation condemning their contraries towardlinesse and confirming it by the cruelty vsed with him and others his companions in their mishaps shewing them his armes without hands naming his brethren whose halfe feet they had cut off because they might be vnable to sit on horsebacke with force arguing 〈…〉 t if they feared them not they would not haue vsed so great inhumanitie for feare produceth crueltie the companion of cowardise Thus encouraged he them to fight for their liues limbes and libertie choosing rather to die an honourable death fighting then to liue in seruitude as fruitlesse members in their Common-wealth Thus vsing the office of a Sergeant Maior and hauing loden his two stumpes with bundles of Arrowes succoured those who in the succeeding battell had their store wasted and changing himselfe from place to place animated and encouraged his Countri-men with such comfortable perswasions as it is reported and credibly beleeued that hee did much more good with his words and presence without striking a stroke then a great part of the Armie did with fighting to the vtmost The other proofe is that such of them as fight on horsebacke are but slightly armed for that their Armour is a Beasts hide fitted to their body greene and after worne till it be drie and hard He that is best armed hath him double yet any one of them with these Armes and with his Launce will fight hand to hand with any Spaniard armed from head to foot And it is credibly reported that an Indian being wounded through the bodie by a Spaniards Launce with his own hands hath crept on vpon the Launce and come to grapple with his Aduersarie and both fallen to the ground together By which is seene their resolution and inuincible courage and the desire they haue to maintayne their reputation and libertie This let me manifest that there haue beene and are certaine persons who before they goe to Sea either robbe part of the prouisions or in the buying make penurious vnwholsome and aâ—arâ—ious penicworths and the last I hold to be the least for they robbe onely the Victuallers and owners but the others steale from owners victuallers and companie and are many times the onely ouer throâ—ers of the Voyage for the companie thinking themselues to be stored with foure or sixe moneths Uictuals vpon suruay they finde their Bread Beefe or Drinke short yea perhaps all and so are forced to seeke home in time of best hopes and employment This mischiefe is most ordinarie in great actions Lastly some are so cunning that they not onely make their Voyage by robbing before they goe to Sea but of that also which commeth home Such Gamesters a wise man of our Nation resembled to the Mill on the Riuer of Thames for grinding both with floâ—d and ebbe So these at their going out and comming home will be sure to robbe all others of their shares But the greatest and most principall robberie of all in my opinion is the defranding or the detayning of the Companies thirds or wages accursed by the iust God who forbiddeth the hire of the labourer to sleep with vs. To such I speake as either abuse themselues in detayning it or else to such as force the poore man to sell it at vile and lowe prices And lastly to such as vpon fained caâ—ils and suits doe deterre the simple and ignorant sort from their due prosecutions which being too much in vse amongst vs hath bred in those that follow the Sea a iealousie in all employments and many times causeth mutinies and infinitâ— inconueniences To preuent this a Chist with three lockes was appointed I kept one the Master another the third one chosen by the Companie No losse worthie reformation are the generall abuses of Mariners and Souldiers who robbe all they can vnder the colour of Pillage and after make Ordnance Cables Sayles Anchors and all aboue Deckes to belong vnto them of right whether they goe by thirds or wages this proceedeth from those pilfering warres wherein euery Gall 〈◊〉 that can arme out a Ship taketh vpon him the name and office of a Captaine not knowing what to command or what to execute Such Commanders for the most part consort and ioyne vnto themselues disorderly persons Pirates and Ruffians vnder the title of men of valour and experience they meeting with any Prize make all vpon the Deckes their of dutie c. In the time of warre in our Countrie asâ— also in others by the lawes of Oleron which to our ancient Sea-men were fundamentall nothing is allowed for Pillage but Apparell Armes Instruments and other necessaries belonging to the persons in that ship which is taken and these to when the ship is gained by dint of sword with a prouiso that if any particular Pillage exceed the value of sixe crownes it may be redeemed for that value by the generall stocke and sold for the common benefit If the prize render it selfe without forcible entrie all in generall ought to be preserued and sold in masse and so equally diuided yea though the ship be wonne by force and entrie yet whatsoeuer belongeth to her of takling Sayles or Ordnance is to be preserued for the generalitie saying a Peece of Artillerrie for the Captaine another for the Gunner and a Cable and Anchor for the Master which are the rights due vnto them and these to be deliuered when the ship is in safety and in harbour either vnloden or sold which Law or Custome well considered will rise to be more beneficiall for the Owners Uictuallers and Companie then the disorders newly â—rept in and before remembred For the Sayles Cables Anchors and Hull being sold euery one apart yeeld not the one halfe which they would doe if they were sold all together besides the excusing of charges and robberies in the vnloding
in those parts are of al colours as Horses in these all being the Câ—â—tle of the Sun They take a black Lambe which they esteeme the holiest colour for Sacrifices and the Kings weare commonly black and offer that first for Soothsaying a thing vsed by them in all things of moment in peace and warre looking into the heart and lungs for prognostications they set the head to the East not tying any of his feet open him aliue being holden by three or foure Indians and that on the left side to take out his heart and entrals with their hands without cutting The best Augury was if the lungs mooued when they were taken forth the worst if the Sacrifice in the opening arose on the feet ouercomming those which held it If one prooued vnluckie they assayed another of a Ram and another of a barren Ewe if all prooued vâ—â—ucky they gaue ouer keeping the Feast and said the Sunne was angry for some fault which they had done and expected wars Dearth Murrayne c. After this Augury they opened not the other Sacrifices aliue but cut off their heads offering the bloud and heart to the Sun The fire which they vsed must bee new giuen them as they said by the hands of the Sunne which they did by the force of the Sunne beames shining thorow a Iewell which the High Priest held in his hand as by a burning Glasse on Cotton With this fire they burned the Sacrifice and rosted that dayes flesh and carried thereof to the Temple of the Sunne and to the house of Virgins to keepe all the yeere And if the Sunne did not shine they made fire with motion of two smooth round stickes but this absence or refusall of the Sunne they esteemed vnlucky All the flesh of those Sacrifices was rosted openly in the two streets aforesaid they parted it amongst the Incas Curacas and common people which were at the Feast giuing it with the bread çancu After this they had many other Viands and when they had done eating they fell to drinking in which vice they exceeded though now the Spaniards example haue that way done good and this vice is infamous amongst them The Inca sitting in state sends his Kinsmen to the principall in his name to make them drinke first the valorous Captaynes next the Curacas which haue not bin Commanders in war then to Cozco-Incas by priuiledge the manner was this the Inca which brought the drinke said the Capa Inca sends thee banketting drinke and I come in his name to drinke with thee The Captaine or Curaca tooke the Cup with great reuerence and lifted vp his eyes to the Sunne as giuing him thankes for such a fauour and hauing drunke returned the Cup to the Inca with shew of adoration not speaking one word Hee sends to the Captaines in generall but to some speciall Curacas only the rest the Incas in their owne name and not in the Kings cause to drinke The Cups were holden in great veneration because the Capa Inca had touched them with his hands and lips After this beginning they fell to freer drinking one to another and after that to dancing the Feast continuing nine dayes with great iollity but the Sacrifices held but the first and after they returned to their Countries Now for their Knights till they had that order they were not capeable of the dignities of warre or peace The youths of the Royall bloud for none else might be in election from sixteene yeeres old vpwards first made experiments of themselues in rigorous tryals whether they could indure the hard Aduentures of warre Euery yeere or each other yeere these noble youths were shut vp in a house where old Masters examined them They were to fast seuen dayes strictly with a little raw 〈…〉 ne and water to try their endurance of hunger and thirst Their Parents and brethren al 〈…〉 ed for them to intreate the Sunne to fauour them They which could not sustaine this fast were reiected as vnsufficient After this they heartned them with meate and tryed their actiuitie in running of a certaine Race a league and halfe long where was a Banner set which he that first came at was Captaine of the rest others also to the tenth were subordinately honoured Their next tryall was in skirmish one halfe to keepe the other to get a Fort and they which were now keepers were another day besiegers where eagernesse and emulation sometimes cost some their liues in that ludicrous warre Then followed wrestling betwixt equals leaping throwing small and great stones also a Launce and a Dart and other Armes shooting casting with a sling and exercise in all weapons of warre They caused them to watch ten or twelue nights as Centinels comming suddenly on them at vncertaine houres shaming those which they found sleeping They tryed with wands how they could indure stripes beating them cruelly on the armes and legs where the Indians goe bare and if they made any sad remonstrance of sorrow they reiected them saying how would they beare their enemies weapons They were to bee in manner vnsensible A Fencer also made semblance with a two hand Club called Macana another while witâ— a Pike to hit or strike them and if they shrugged or in their eyes or body made shew of feare they were reiected Next they made triall whether they had skill to make their armes of all sorts and shooes called Vsuta like those which the Franciscans weare After all these the Captaines and Masters of these Ceremonies tell them of their pedigree from the Sunne the noble Acts of their Ancestors and instruct them in courage clemency and mildenesse to the poore with other parts of morality The Heire apparant indured no lesse rigorous tryals then others except in running for the Banner and all that tryall time which was from one New Moone to another he went in poore and vile habit to teach him to pity the poore These things done the King solemnly attended made a Speech to them and each on their knees receiued at his hand the first Ensigne of dignity which was to boare a hole in their eares The New Knight kissed his hand and the next person to the Inca put off his Vsutas and put him on gallant shooes of Wooll Then did he goe to another place where other Incas put him on breeches as the token of manhood which before he might not weare after which they put on his head two kinds of flowres and a leafe of another herbe which will long keepe greene No other men might weare those flowres The Prince had the same Ensignes and differed only in his yellow fringe of Wooll which none but he and that first after his tryall might weare and an Axe of Armes with a kinde of Iaueline aboue a yard long which when they put in his hand they said Aucunapac that is for tyrant Traytors The Kings fringe was coloured he ware besides on his head two feathers of a Bâ—rd called Coreqâ—enque which are
Subiects and for better execution of Iustice by his Officers and Iudges in which he spent foure yeeres This done he leuied forty thousand Souldiers to proceed in the course of his Fathers which palliated their ambition of Souereigntie and Dominion with reducing men from Barbarisme and beastiality to Ciuility and Religion He marched to Cassamarca and entred the Prouince of Chachapuya Eastwards from Cassamarca a Countrey of valiant men and very faire women They worshipped Snakes and the bird Cuntur was their principall God It then contayned aboue fortie thousand Families Their chiefe Armes were slings and they wore a kinde of sling-net for their head tyre hee cals both by the name honda Beyond them are the Huacrachucu a fierce and warly Nation which weare on their head a blacke leash of Wooll with white flyes here and there and for a feather a piece of a Deeres horne these worshipped in those times Snakes and kept them pictured in their Temples and houses These lay in the way to the former and much bloud was lost in fight on both sides whereupon the Inca after their ancient custome sought to reduce them by faire meanes intimating that hee came more to doe them good as they had done to other Nations suffering the Curacas to rule still then to rule ouer them seeking no more but that they should worship the Sunne and leaue their barbarousnesse He diuided his Armie and sent some to take the most commodious places so that they were forced to seeke peace He stayed there the Countrey being rainy till the next Summer and sent for twenty thousand men more instructing the Huacrachucus meane while in his deuotions and Lawes and to conuay away the waters and make the grounds fit for seed to their great benefit The next Summer hee entred the Prouince Chachapuya where notwithstanding the wonted gentle message he was incountred with a cruell warre This Prouince was fiftie leagues long and twenty broad reaching to Muyupampa which is thirtie leagues long The Hils were craggie and in places very steepe and snowie three hundred which he sent to spie were drowned in the snow not one escaping The prowesse and numbers of the Inca brought all by degrees to subiection Pias Charmac cassa an open passage of the snowie Hill very dangerous where the three hundred were lost Cuntur Marca Cassa Marquilla all Mountaynous and craggie places till hee came to Raymipampa so called of a Feast which he solemnized there to the Sunne in his Campe being a faire Valley and thence to Muyupampa where Ancohualla entred as is before said in Viracochas time rather then he would bee a subiect to the Inca these and Cascuyunca now yeelded The next Summer hee marched on to Huancapampa a great Nation but diuided amongst themselues naked and warring not for wealth but women worshipping Birds Beasts Plants euery one as himselfe pleased These he tamed by hunger staruing such as came not in and gaue them Masters to instruct them in husbandry and how to clothe themselues to water their fields and to plant Townes so that it became one of the best Prouinces in Peru. More to ennoble it hee after built there a Temple and house of Virgins prohibiting the eating of mans flesh and gaue them Priests and men learned in the Lawes to instruct them Afterwards he added three great Prouinces Cassa Ayahuaca and Callua to his Signory which liued ciuilly hauing Townes and Fortresses and a kind of Republike or free State hauing their meetings and choice of Gouernours These Conquests ended he spent long time in visiting his Kingdom and buâ—lding Temples Nunneries Store-houses Aquaeducts especially taking care of the Fortresse at Cozco Some yeeres this way spent hee marched Northward to Huanucu which containeth many disunited Nations whom he easily conquered and planted Townes there being a fertile Countrie and temperate making it the chiefe Prouince of many others in those Confines He built there a Temple for the Sunne and a house of chosen Virgins twenty thousand Indians performing seruices in course to those two houses He went next to the Prouince Cannari which ware their haire long tied on a knot in the Crowne By these head-tires in the time of the Incas each Indian was knowne of what Nation he was which in my time they continued but now they say all is confounded These Cannaris before this worshipped the Moone as chiefe Deity and great Trees and Stones in the second place but now were brought to the Incas Sunne-religion and their Countrie ennobled with a Temple Nunnerie Palaces Water-passages c. The Nation Quillacu is belowe the Cannari the most miserable of Nations neither hauing good land nor aire nor water whence grew a Prouerbe applied to couetous misers hee is a very Quillacu on these the Inca imposed a tribute of Lice that so they might learne to be cleanly Tupac Inca Yupanqui and his sonne Huayna Capac much ennobled those Prouinces of the Cannaris and of Tumipampa with building Royall houses adorning the Lodgings in stead of Tapestry with counterfeits of Herbs Plants and Creatures of gold and siluer the Porches chased with Gold and inlayed with Emeralds and Turquesses a Temple also of the Sunne enchased with Gold and Siluer the Indians custome being to make oftentation of seruice to their Kings and to flatter them filling their Temples and Palaces with all the treasures they were able in Pots Pannes and other vessels of gold and siluer and much costly raiment Hauing returned to Cozco his ambition not long after brought him backe to Tumipampa where he gained many Prouinces vnto the confines of the Kingdome of Quitu viz. Chanchan Moca Quesna Pumallacta that is the Land of Lions by reason of the store there being also worshipped for Gods Ticzampi Tiu cassa Capampi Vrcollasu and Tincuracu barren and barbarous Regions which he sent Masters to teach Ciuilitie and Religion After that he made another expedition with fortie thousand men to Quitu the name of the Kingdome and King It is seuenty leagues long and thirtie broad fertile and rich They worshipped Deere and great Trees The warre continuing long he sent for his sonne Huayna Capac to come with twelue thousand men more to exercise him in warre Huayna Capac signifieth from a childe rich in magnanimous exploits Capac was a title giuen to things of greatest eminence And this seemed praeeminent in him that he neuer denied any woman any sute vâ—ing to them gentle compellations of Mother Sister Daughter according to their age c. Tupac Inca returned to Cozco and left his sonne to dispatch the warre which was three yeeres before Quitu was reduced beside two yeeres which his father spent the reason whereof was the Incas custome to gaine not by fire and sword but as they could make the Natiues forsake it which had this effect that their conquest was more durable and their vassals bare them better affection At the
inuented the weauing of certaine Mats of drie Iuie and did weare one beneath and another aboue many laughed at this deuice whom afterward necessitie inforced to doe the like The Christians were so spoyled and in such want of Saddles and weapons which were burned that if the Indians had come the second night they had ouercome them with little labour They remoued thence to the Towne where the Cacique was wont to lie because it was in the champaine Countrie Within eight dayes after there were many Lances and Saddles made There were Ash-trees in those parts whereof they made as good Lances as in Biscay Vpon Wednesday the 15. of March 1541. after the Gouernour had lodged eight dayes in a Plaine halfe a league from the place which he had wintered in after he had set vp a forge and tempered the Swords which in Chicaça were burned and made many Targets Saddles and Lances on Tuesday night at the morning watch many Indians came to assault the Campe in three squadrons euery one by themselues Those which watched gaue the alarme The Gouernour with great speed set his men in order three squadrons and leauing some to defend the Campe went out to encounter them The Indians were ouercome and put to flight The ground was champaine and fit for the Christians to take the aduantage of them and it was now breake of day But there happened a disorder whereby there were not past thirtie or fortie Indians shine and this it was that a Frier cried out in the Campe without any iust occasion To the Campe To the Campe Whereupon the Gouernour and all the rest repaired thither and the Indians had time to saue themselues There were some taken by whom the Gouernour informed himselfe of the Countrie through which he was to passe The fiue and twentieth of Aprill hee departed from Chicaça and lodged at a small Towne called Alimamu They had very little Maiz and they were to passe a Desart of seuen dayes iourney The next day the Gouernour sent three Captaines euery one his way with Horsemen and Footmen to seeke prouision to passe the Desart And Iohn Danusco the Auditor went with fifteene Horsemen and fortie Footmen that way that the Gouernour was to goe and found a strong Fort made where the Indians stayed for him and many of them walked on the top of it with their weapons hauing their bodies thighes and armes okered and died with blacke white yellow and red striped like vnto panes so that they shewed as though they went in hose and doublets and some of them had Plumes and others had hornes on their heads and their faces blacke and their eyes done round about with streakes of red to seeme more fierce Iohn Danusco sent three horsemen to aduertise the Gouernour hereof He came presently for his intent was to driue them from thence saying that if he did it not they would be emboldned to charge him another time when they might doe him more harme Hee made the horsemen to alight and set his men in foure Squadrons The signe being giuen they set vp the Indians which made resistance till the Christians came neere the Fort and assoone as they saw they could not defend themselues by a place where a Brooke passed neere the Fort they ran away and from the otherside they shot some Arrowes and because at that instant wee knew no ford for the horses to passe they had time enough to get out of our danger Three Indians were slaine there and many Christians were hurt whereof within few dayes there died fifteene by the way The Gouernour was inforced to depart presently toward Quizquiz He trauelled seuen dayes through a Desert of many Marishes and thicke Woods but it might all bee trauelled on horsebacke except some Lakes which they swamme ouer Hee came to a Towne of the Prouince of Quizquiz without being descried and tooke all the people in it before they came out of their houses There came to the Campe sixe principall Indians and said they came to see what people they were and that long agoe they had beene informed by their fore-fathers That a white people should subdue them and that therefore they would returne to their Cacique and bid him come presently to obey and serue the Gouernour and after they had presented him with sixe or seuen skins and Mantles which they brought they tooke their leaue of him and returned with the other which waited for them by the Brookes side The Cacique neuer came againe nor sent other message And because in the Towne where the Gouernour lodged there was small store of Maiz he remoued to another halfe a league from Rio Grande where they found plentie of Maiz And he went to see the Riuer and found that neere vnto it was great store of Timber to make Barges and good situation of ground to incampe in Presently he remooued himselfe thither They made houses and pitched their Campe in a plaine field a Crosse-bow shot from the Riuer And thither was gathered all the Maiz of the Townes which they had lately passed They began presently to cut and hew downe Timber and to saw plankes for Barges The Indians came presently downe the Riuer they leaped on shoare and declared to the Gouernour That they were subiects of a great Lord whose name was Aquixo who was Lord of many Townes and gouerned many people on the other side of the Riuer and came to tell him on his behalfe that the next day he with all his men would come to see what it would please him to command him The next day with speed the Cacique came with two hundred Canoes full of Indians with their Bowes and Arrowes painted and with great plumes of white feathers and many other colours with shields in their hands wherewith they defended the Rowers on both sides and the men of Warre stood from the head to the sterne with their Bowes and Arrowes in their hands The Canoe wherein the Cacique was had a Tilt ouer the sterne and hee sate vnder the Tilt and so wâ—re other Canoes of the principall Indians And from vnder the Tilt where the chiefe man sat he gouerned and commanded the other people All ioyned together and came within a stones cast of the shoare From thence the Cacique said to the Gouernour which walked along the Riuers side with others that wayted on him that he was come thither to visit to honor and to obey him because he knew he was the greatest and mightiest Lord on the Earth therefore hee would see what he would command him to doe The Gouernour yeelded him thankes and requested him to come on shoare that they might the better communicate together And without any answere to that point hee sent him three Canoes wherein was great store of fish and loaues made of the substance of Prunes like vnto Brickes After hee had receiued all hee thanked him and prayed him againe to come on shoare And because the Caciques
and Shooes Sawes Pick-axes Spades and Shouels Axes Hatchets Hookes Kniues Sizzers Hammers Nailes Chissels Fish-hookes Bels Beades Bugles Looking-glasses Thimbles Pinnes Needles Threed and such like They set saile from Kingrode the twentieth day of March. We set saile from Milford Hauen where the winds had stayed vs a fortnight in which space we heard of Queene Elizabeths death the tenth of Aprill 1603. In our course we passed by the Iles of the Açores had first sight of the Pike and afterward of the Iland of Cueruo and Flores and after we had runne some fiue hundred leagues we fell with a multitude of small Ilands on the North Coast of Virginia in the latitude of 43. degrees the 〈◊〉 of Iune which Ilands wee found very pleasant to behold adorned with goodly grasse and sundry sorts of Trees as Cedars Spruce Pines and Firre-trees Heere wee found an excellent fishing for Cods which are better then those of New-found-land and withall we saw good and Rockie ground fit to drie them vpon also we see no reason to the contrary but that Salt may bee made in these parts a matter of no small importance We sayled to the South-west end of these Ilands and there rode with our ships vnder one of the greatest One of them we named Foxe Iland because we found those kind of beasts thereon So passing through the rest with our Boates to the mayne Land which lieth for a good space North-east and South-west we found very safe riding among them in sixe seuen eight ten and twelue fathomes At length comming to the Mayne in the latitude of 43. degrees and an halfe we ranged the same to the South-west In which course we found foure Inlets the most Easterly whereof was barred at the mouth but hauing passed ouer the barre wee ranne vp into it fiue miles and for a certaine space found very good depth and comming out againe as we sailed South-westward wee lighted vpon two other Inlets which vpon our search we found to pierce not farre into the Land the fourth and most Westerly was the best which we rowed vp ten or twelue miles In all these places we found no people but signes of fires where they had beene Howbeit we beheld very goodly Groues and Woods replenished with tall Okes Beeches Pine-trees Firre-trees Hasels Wich-hasels and Maples We saw here also sundry sorts of Beasts as Stags Deere Beares Wolues Foxes Lusernes and Dogges with sharpe noses But meeting with no Sassafras we left these places with all the foresaid Ilands shaping our course for Sauage Rocke discouered the yeere before by Captaine Gosnold where going vpon the Mayne we found people with whom we had no long conuersation because here also we could find no Sassfras Departing hence we bare into that great Gulfe which Captaine Gosnold ouer-shot the yeere before coasting and finding people on the North side thereof Not yet satisfied in our expectation we left them and sailed ouer and came to an Anchor on the South side in the latitude of 41. degrees and odde minutes where we went on Land in a certaine Bay which we called Whitson Bay by the name of the Worshipfull Master Iohn Whitson then Maior of the Citie of Bristoll and one of the chiefe Aduenturers and finding a pleasant Hill thereunto adioyning wee called it Mount Aldworth for Master Robert Aldworths sake a chiefe furtherer of the Voyage aswell with his Purse as with his trauell Here we had sufficient quantitie of Sassafras At our going on shore vpon view of the people and sight of the place wee thought it conuenient to make a small baricado to keepe diligent watch and ward in for the aduertizement and succour of our men while they should worke in the Woods During our abode on shore the people of the Countrey came to our men sometimes ten twentie fortie or threescore and at one time one hundred and twentie at once We vsed them kindly and gaue them diuers sorts of our meanest Merchandize They did eat Pease and Beanes with our men Their owne victuals were most of fish We had a youth in our company that could play vpon a Gitterne in whose homely Musicke they tooke great delight and would giue him many things as Tobacco Tobacco-pipes Snakes skinnes of sixe foot long which they vse for Girdles Fawnes skinnes and such like and danced twentie in a Ring and the Gitterne in the middest of them vsing many Sauage gestures singing Io Ia Io Ia Ia Io him that first brake the ring the rest would knocke and cry out vpon Some few of them had plates of Brasse a foot long and halfe a foote broad before their breasts Their weapons are Bowes of fiue or sixe foot long of Wich-hasell painted blacke and yellow the strings of three twists of sinewes bigger then our Bow-strings Their Arrowes are of a yard and an handfull long not made of Reeds but of a fine light wood very smooth and round with three long and deepe blacke feathers of some Eagle Vulture or Kite as closely fastened with some binding matter as any Fletcher of ours can glue them on Their Quiuers are full a yard long made of long dried Rushes wrought about two handfuls broad aboue and one handfull beneath with prettie workes and compartiments Diamant wise of red and other colours We carried with vs from Bristoll two excellent Mastiues of whom the Indians were more afraid then of twentie of our men One of these Mastiues would carrie a halfe Pike in his mouth And one Master Thomas Bridges a Gentleman of our company accompanied only with one of these Dogs and passed sixe miles alone in the Countrey hauing lost his fellowes and returned safely And when we would be rid of the Sauages company wee would let loose the Mastiues and saddenly with out-cryes they would flee away These people in colour are inclined to a swart tawnie or Chestnut colour not by nature but accidentally and doe weare their haire brayded in foure parts and trussed vp about their heads with a small knot behind in which haire of theirs they sticke many feathers and toyes for brauerie and pleasure They couer their priuities only with a piece of leather drawne betwixt their twists and fastened to their Girdles behind and before whereunto they hang their bags of Tobacco They seeme to bee somewhat iealous of their women for we saw not past two of them who weare Aprons of Leather skins before them downe to the knees and a Beares skinne like an Irish Mantle ouer one shoulder The men are of stature somewhat taller then our ordinary people strong swift well proportioned and giuen to treacherie as in the end we perceiued Their Boats whereof we brought one to Bristoll were in proportion like a Wherrie of the Riuer of Thames seuenteene foot long and foure foot broad made of the Barke of a Birch-tree farre exceeding in bignesse those of England it was sowed together with strong and tough
and a sayler in two places of the body very dangerous After they had spent their Arrowes and felt the sharpnesse of our shot they retired into the Woods with a great noise and so left vs. The seuen and twentieth day we began to build vp our Shallop the Gentlemen and Souldiers marched eight miles vp into the Land we could not see a Sauage in all that march we came to a place where they had made a great fire and had beene newly a rosting Oysters when they perceiued our comming they fled away to the Mountaines and left many of the Oysters in the fire we eat some of the Oysters which were very large and delicate in taste The eighteenth day we lanched our Shallop the Captaine and some Gentlemen went in her and discouered vp the Bay we found a Riuer on the Southside running into the Maine we entered it and found it very shoald water not for any Boats to swim Wee went further into the Bay and saw a plaine plot of ground where we went on Land and found the place fiue mile in compasse without either Bush or Tree we saw nothing there but a Cannow which was made out of the whole tree which was fiue and fortie foot long by the Rule Vpon this plot of ground we got good store of Mussels and Oysters which lay on the ground as thicke as stones wee opened some and found in many of them Pearles Wee marched some three or foure miles further into the Woods where we saw great smoakes of fire Wee marched to those smoakes and found that the Sauages had beene there burning downe the grasse as wee thought either to make their plantation there or else to giue signes to bring their forces together and so to giue vs battell We past through excellent ground full of Flowers of diuers kinds and colours and as goodly trees as I haue seene as Cedar Cipresse and other kindes going a little further we came into a little plat of ground full of fine and beautifull Strawberries foure times bigger and better then ours in England All this march we could neither see Sauage nor Towne When it grew to be towards night we stood backe to our Ships we sounded and found it shallow water for a great way which put vs out of all hopes for getting any higher with our Ships which road at the mouth of the Riuer Wee rowed ouer to a point of Land where wee found a channell and sounded six eight ten or twelue fathom which put vs in good comfort Therefore wee named that point of Land Cape Comfort The nine and twentieth day we set vp a Crosse at Chesupioc Bay and named that place Cape Henry Thirtieth day we came with our ships to Cape Comfort where wee saw fiue Sauages running on the shoare presently the Captaine caused the shallop to be manned so rowing to the shoare the Captaine called to them in signe of friendship but they were at first very timersome vntil they saw the Captain lay his hand on his heart vpon that they laid down their Bowes and Arrowes and came very boldly to vs making signes to come a shoare to their Towne which is called by the Sauages Kecoughtan Wee coasted to their Towne rowing ouer a Riuer running into the Maine where these Sauages swam ouer with their Bowes and Arrowes in their mo 〈…〉 When we came ouer to the other side there was a many of other Sauages which directed vs to their Towne where we were entertained by them very kindly When we came first a Land they made a dolefull noise laying their faces to the ground scratching the earth with their nailes We did thinke that they had beene at their Idolatry When they had ended their Ceremonies they went into their houses and brought out mats and laid vpon the ground the chiefest of thē sate all in a rank the meanest sort brought vs such dainties as they had of their bread which they make of their Maiz or Gennea wheat they would not suffer vs to eat vnlesse we sate down which we did on a Mat right against them After we were well satisfied they gaue vs of their Tabacco which they tooke in a pipe made artificially of earth as ours are but far bigger with the bowle fashioned together with a piece of fine copper After they had feasted vs they shewed vs in welcome their manner of dancing which was in this fashion one of the Sauages standing in the midst singing beating one hand against another all the rest dancing about him shouting howling and stamping against the ground with many Anticke tricks and faces making noise like so many Wolues or Deuils One thing of them I obserued when they were in their dance they kept stroke with their feet iust one with another but with their hands heads faces and bodies euery one of them had a seuerall gesture so they continued for the space of halfe an houre When they had ended their dance the Captaine gaue them Beades and other trifling Iewells They hang through their eares Fowles legs they shaue the right side of their heads with a shell the left side they weare of an ell long tied vp with an artificiall knot with a many of Foules feathers sticking in it They goe altogether naked but their priuities are couered with Beasts skinnes beset commonly with little bones or beasts teeth some paint their bodies balcke some red with artificiall knots of sundry liuely colours very beautifull and pleasing to the eye in a brauer fashion then they in the West Indies The fourth day of May we came to the King or Werowance of Paspihe where they entertained vs with much welcome an old Sauage made a long Oration making a foule noise vttering his speech with a vehement action but we knew little what they meant Whilst we were in company with the Paspihes the Werowance of Rapahanna came from the other side of the Riuer in his Cannoa he seemed to take displeasure of our being with the Paspihes he would faine haue had vs come to his Towne the Captaine was vnwilling seeing that the day was so far spent he returned backe to his ships for that night The next day being the fift of May the Werowance of Rapahanna sent a Messenger to haue vs come to him We entertained the said Messenger and gaue him trifles which pleased him Wee manned our shallop with Muskets and Targatiers sufficiently this said Messenger guided vs where our determination was to goe When wee landed the Werowance of Rapahanna came downe to the water side with all his traine as goodly men as any I haue seene of Sauages or Christians the Werowance comming before them playing on a Flute made of a Reed with a Crown of Deares haire colloured red in fashion of a Rose fastened about his knot of haire and a great Plate of Copper on the other side of his head with two long Feathers in fashion of a paire of Hornes placed in the midst
some fortie or fiftie men These as also Apamatuck Irrohatocke and Powhatan are their great Kings chiefe Alliance and inhabitance The rest as they report his Conquests Before we come to the third Riuer that falleth from the Mountaines there is another Riuer some thirtie miles nauigable that commeth from the In-land the Riuer is called Payankatanke the Inhabitants are about some fortie seruiceable men The third nauigable Riuer is called Toppahanock This is nauigable some one hundred and thirtie miles At the top of it inhabit the people called Mannahoackes amongst the Mountaines but they are aboue the place we describe Vpon this Riuer on the North side are seated a people called Cuttatowomen with thirtie fighting men Higher on the Riuer are the Moraughtacunds with eightie able men Beyond them Toppahanocke with one hundred men Farre aboue is another Cuttatawomen with twentie men On the South farre within the Riuer is Nautaughtacund hauing one hundred and fiftie men This Riuer also as the two former is replenished with fish and fowle The fourth Riuer is called Patawomeke and is sixe or seuen miles in breadth It is nauigable one hundred and fortie miles and fed as the rest with many sweet Riuers and Springs which fall from the bordering Hils These Hils many of them are planted and yeeld no lesse plentie and varietie of fruit then the Riuer exceedeth with abundance of fish This Riuer is inhabited on both sides First on the South side at the very entrance is Wighcocomoco and hath some one hundred and thirtie men beyond them Sekacawone with thirtie The Onawmanient with one hundred Then Patawomeke with one hundred and sixtie able men Here doth the Riuer diuide it selfe in to three or foure conuenient Riuers The greatest of the least is called Quiyough trendeth Northwest but the Riuer itselfe turneth North-east and is still a nauigable streame On the Westerne side of this bought is Tauxenent with fortie men On the North of this Riuer is Secowocomoco with fortie men Some what further Potapaco with twentie In the East part of the bought of the Riuer is Pamacacack with sixtie men After Moyowances with one hundred And lastly Nacotchtanke with eightie able men The Riuer tenne miles aboue this place maketh his passage downe a low pleasant Vally ouer-shadowed in many places with high Rockie Mountaines from whence distill innumerable sweet and pleasant Springs The fift Riuer is called Pawtuxunt and is of a lesse proportion then the rest but the channell is sixteene or eighteene fadome deepe in some places Here are infinite skuls of diuers kinds of fish more then elsewhere Vpon this Riuer dwell the people called Acquintanacksuak Pawtuxunt and Mattapaxient Two hundred men was the greatest strength that could be there perceiued But they inhabit together and not so dispersed as the rest These of all other were found the most ciuill to giue entertainment Thirtie leagues Northward is a Riuer not inhabited yet nauigable for the red Earth or Clay resembling Bole Armoniack the English called it Bolus At the end of the Bay where it is sixe or seuen miles in breadth there fall into it foure small Riuers three of them issuing from diuers bogges inuironed with high Mountaines There is one that commeth due North three or foure dayes iourney from the head of the Bay and fals from Rockes and Mountaines vpon this Riuer inhabit a people called Sasquesahanocke They are seated two dayes higher then was passage for the Discouerers Barge which was hardly two tunnes and had in it but twelue men to performe this Discouery wherein they lay aboue the space of twelue weekes vpon those great waters in those vnknowne Countries hauing nothing but a little Meale or Oat-meale and water to feed them and scarce halfe sufficient of that for halfe that time but that by the Sauages and by the plenty of fish they found in all places they made themselues prouision as opportunity serued yet had they not a Mariner or any that had skill to trimme their Sayles vse their Oares or any businesse belonging to the Barge but two or three The rest being Gentlemen or as ignorant in such toyle and labour yet necessitie in a short time by their Captaines diligence and example taught them to become so perfect that what they did by such small meanes I leaue to the censure of the Reader to iudge by this Discourse and the annexed Map But to proceed sixtie of those Sasquesahanocks came to the Discouerers with Skinnes Bowes Arrowes Targets Beades Swords and Tobacco-pipes for Presents Such great and well proportioned men are seldome seene for they seemed like Giants to the English yea and to the Neighbours yet seemed of an honest and simple disposition with much adoe restrained from adoring the Discouerers as Gods Those are the most strange people of all those Countries both in Language and Attire for their Language it may well beseeme their proportions founding from them as it were a great voyce in a Vault or Caue as an Eccho Their Attire is the Skinnes of Beares and Woolues some haue Cassacks made of Beares heads and Skinnes that a mans necke goes through the Skinnes necke and the Eares of the Beare fastned to his shoulders behind the Nose and Teeth hanging downe his breast and at the end of the Nose hung a Beares Pawe the halfe sleeues comming to the elbowes were the neckes of the Beares and the armes through the mouth with pawes hanging at their Noses One had the head of a Woolfe hanging in a Chaine for a Iewell his Tobacco-pipe three quarters of a yard long prettily carued with a Bird a Beare a Deere or some such deuice at the great end sufficient to beate out the braines of a man with Bowes and Arrowes and Clubs sutable to their greatnesse and conditions These are scarce knowne to Powhatan They can make neere sixe hundred able and mightie men and are pallisadoed in their Townes to defend them from the Massawomckes their mortall enemies Fiue of their chiefe Werowanccs came aboord the Discouerers and crossed the Bay in their Barge The Picture of the greatest of them is signified in the Mappe The calfe of whose legge was three quarters of a yard about and all the rest of his limbes so answerable to that proportion that hee seemed the goodliest man that euer wee beheld His haire the one side was long the other shorne close with a ridge ouer his crowne like a Cockes Combe His Arrowes were fiue quarters long headed with flints or spinters of stones in forme like a Heart an inch broad and an inch and a halfe or more long These hee wore in a Woolues Skinne at his backe for his Quiuer his Bow in the one hand and his Clubbe in the other as is described On the East side the Bay is the Riuer of Tockwhogh and vpon it a people that can make one hundred men seated some seuen miles within the Riuer where they haue a Fort very well
with wood headed with splinters of Christall or some sharpe stone the spurs of a Turkey or the bill of some Bird. For his Knife he hath the splinter of a reede to cut his feathers in forme With this Knife also he will ioynt a Deere or any Beast shape his shooes buskins Mantels c. To make the noch of his Arrow he hath the tooth of a Beuer set in a sticke wherewith he grateth it by degrees His Arrow head he quickly maketh with a little bone which he euer weareth at his bracer of any splint of a stone or glasse in the forme of a hart and these they glew to the end of their Arrowes With the sinewes of Deere and the tops of Deeres hornes boiled to a ielly they make a glew that will not dissolue in cold water For their warres also they vse Targets that are round and made of the barkes of trees and a sword of wood at their backes but oftentimes they vse for swords the horne of a Deere put through a peece of wood in forme of a Pickaxe some a long stone sharpened at both ends vsed in the same manner This they were wont to vse also for Hatchets but now by trucking they haue plenty of the same forme of Iron And those are their chiefe instruments and armes Their fishing is much in Boates. These they make of one tree by burning and scratching away the coles with stones and shels till they haue made it in forme of a Trough Some of them are an elle deepe and forty or fifty foote in length and some will beare forty men but the most ordinary are smaller and will beare ten twenty or thirty according to their bignesse Instead of Oares they vse paddles and stickes with which they will rowe faster then our Barges Betwixt their hands and thighes their women vse to spin the Barkes of trees Deere sinewes or a kinde of grasse they call Pemmenaw of these they make a thred very euen and readily This thred serueth for many vses about their housing apparell as also they make nets for fishing for the quantity as formally braded as ours They make also with it lines for angles Their hookes are either a bone grated as they nocke their Arrowes in the forme of a crooked pin or fish hooke or of the splinter of a bone tied to the clift of a little sticke and with the end of the line they tye on the baite They vse also long Arrowes tyed in a line wherewith they shoote at fish in the Riuer But they of Accawmack vse staues like vnto Iauelins headed with bone With these they dart fish swimming in the water They haue also many artificiall wares in which they get abundance of fish In their hunting fishing they take extreame paines yet it being their ordinary exercise from their infancy they esteemed it a pleasure and are very proud to be expert therein And by their continuall ranging and trauell they know all the aduantages and places most frequented with Deere Beasts Fish Fowle Rootes and Berries At their huntings they leaue their habitations and reduce themselues into companies as the Tartars doe and goe to the most desert places with their families where they spend their time in hunting and fowling vp towards the Mountains by the heads of their Riuers where there is plenty of game For betwixt the Riuers the grounds are so narrow that little commeth there which they deuoure not It is a marâ—ell they can so directly passe these desarts some three or foure daies journie without habitation Their hunting houses are like vnto Arbours couered with maâ—s These their women beare after them with Corne Acornes Morters and all bag and baggage they vse When they come to the place of exercise euery man doth his best to shew his dexteritie for by their excelling in those qualities they get their wiues Forty yards will they shoote leuell or very neere the marke and one hundred and twenty is their best at random At their hunting in the desarts they are commonly two or three hundred together Hauing found the Deere they enuiron them with many fires and betwixt the fires they place themselues And some take their stands in the midst The Deere being thus feared by the fires and their voices they chace them so long within that circle that many times they kill six eight ten or fifteene at a hunting They vse also to driue them into some narrow point of land when they finde that aduantage and so force them into the Riuer where with their Boates they haue Ambuscadoes to kill them When they haue shot a Deere by land they follow him like Bloud-hounds by the bloud and straine and oftentimes so take them Hares Partridges Turkies or Egges fat or leane yong or old they deuoure all they can catch in their power In one of these huntings they found Captaine Smith in the discouery of the head of the Riuer of Chickahamania where they slew his men and tooke him prisoner in a Bogmire where he saw those exercises and gathered these obseruations One Sauage hunting alone vsed the skinne of a Deere slit on the one side and so put on his arme through the necke so that his hand comes to the head which is stuffed and the hornes head eies eares and euery part as artificially counterfeited as they can deuise Thus shrowding his body in the skin by stalking he approacheth the Deere creeping on the ground from one tree to another If the Deere chance to finde fault or stand at gaze hee turneth the head with his hand to his best aduantage to seeme like a Deere also gazing and licking himselfe So watching his best aduantage to approach hauing shot him he chaseth him by his bloud and straine till he get him When they intend any Wars the Werowances vsually haue the aduise of their Priests and Coniurers and their allies and ancient friends but chiefely the Priests determine their resolution Euery Werowance or some lusty fellow they appoint Captaine ouer euery Nation They seldome make Warre for lands or goods but for women and children and principally for reuenge They haue many enemies namely all their Westernely Countries beyond the Mountaines and the heads of the Riuers Vpon the head of the Powhatans are the Monacans whose chiefe habitation is at Russawmeake vnto whom the Moubemenchughes the Massinnacacks the Manahassanuggs and other Nations pay tributes Vpon the head of the Riuer of Toppahanocke is a people called Mannahoacks To these are contributers the Tauxsnitanias the Shackaconias the Outponcas the Tegoneaes the Whonkentyaes the Stegarakes the Hassiâ—nungas and diuers others all confederates with the Monacans though many differ in language and be very barbarous huing for most part of wilde Beasts and fruies Beyond the Mountaines from whence is the head of the Riuer Patawomeke the Sauages report inhabit their most mortall enemies the Massawomckes vpon a great salt water which by all likelihood is
RICHARD WIFFIN THO. ABBAY THO. HOPE and since enlarged out of the Writings of Capt. IOHN SMITH principall Agent and Patient in these Virginian Occurrents from the beginning of the Plantation 1606. till Ann. 1610. somewhat abridged CAptaine Bartholomew Gosnold the first mouer of this Plantation hauing many yeeres solicited many of his friends but found small assistants at last preuailed with some Gentlemen as M. Edward-Maria Wingfield Captaine Iohn Smith and diuers others who depended a yeere vpon his proiects but nothing could be effected till by their great charge and industrie it came to bee apprehended by certaine of the Nobilitie Gentrie and Merchants so that his Maiestie by his Letters Patents gaue Commission for establishing Councels to direct here and to gouerne and to execute there to effect this was spent another yeere and by that time three Ships were prouided one of one hundred Tuns another of fortie and a Pinnace of twentie The transportation of the Company was committed to Captaine Christopher Newport a Mariner well practised for the Westerne parts of America But their orders for gouernment were put in a Box not to bee opened nor the Gouernours knowne vntill they arriued in Virginia On the ninteenth of December 1606. wee set saile but by vnprosperous winds were kept six weekes in the sight of England all which time M. Hunt our Preacher was so weake and sicke that few expected his recouerie Yet although hee were but ten or twelue miles from his habitation the time we were in the Downes and notwithstanding the stormy weather nor the scandalous imputation of some few little better then Atheists of the greatest ranke amongst vs suggested against him all this could neuer force from him so much as a seeming desire to leaue the businesse but preferred the Seruice of God in so good a Voyage before any affection to contest with his godlesse foes whose disasterous designes could they haue preuailed had euen then ouerthrowne the businesse so many discontents did then arise had he not with the water of patience and his godly exhortations but briefly by his true deuouted examples quenched those flames of enuy and dissention Wee watred at the Canaries we traded with the Sauages at Dominica three weekes we spent in refreshing our selues amongst these West India Iles in Gwardalupa wee found a Bath so hot as in it we boiled Porck as well as ouer the fire And at a little I le called Monica wee tooke from the Bushes with our hands neere two Hogsheads of Birds in three or foure houres In Mevis Mona and the Virgin Iles we spent some time wherewith a loathsome beast like a Crocadil called a Gwayn Tortoses Pellicans Parrots and Fishes wee daily feasted Gone from thence in search of Virginia the Company was not a little discomforted seeing the Mariners had three daies passed their reckoning and found no Land so that Captaine Ratcliffe Captaine of the Pinnace rather desired to beare vp the Helme to returne for England then make further search But God the guider of all good actions forcing them by an extreame storme to Hull all night did driue them by his prouidence to their desired Port beyond all their expectations for neuer any of them had seene that Coast. The first Land they made they called Cape Henry where anchoring M. Wingfield Gosnoll and Newport with thirtie others recreating themselues on shoare Were assaulted by fiue Sauages who hurt two of the English very dangerously That night was the Box opened and the orders read in which Bartholomew Gosnoll Edward Wingfield Christopher Newport Iohn Smith Iohn Ratliffe Iohn Martin and George Kendall were named to be the Councell and to chuse a President amongst them for a yeere who with the Councell should gouerne Matters of moment were to be examined by a Iury but determined by the Maior part of the Councell in which the President had two voices Vntill the thirteenth of May they sought a place to plant in then the Councell was sworne M. Wingfield was chosen President and an Oration made why Captaine Smith was not admitted to the Councell as the rest Now falleth euery man to worke the Councell contriue the Fort the rest cut downe Trees to make place to pitch their Tents some prouide Clap-board to relade the Ships some make Gardens some Nets c. The Sauages often visited vs kindly The Presidents ouerweening iealousie would admit no exercise at Armes or Fortification but the Boughs of Trees cast together in the forme of a halfe Moone by the extraordinary paine and diligence of Captaine Kendall Newport with Smith and twentie others were sent to discouer the head of the Riuer by diuers small habitations they passed in sixe dayes they arriued at a Towne called Powhatan consisting of some twelue houses pleasantly seated on a Hill before it three fertill Iles about it many of their Cornfields the place is very pleasant and strong by nature of this place the Prince is called Powhatan and his people Powhatans to this place the Riuer is Nauigable but higher within a mile by reason of the Rockes and Iles there is not passage for a small Boat this they call the Falls the people in all parts kindly intreated them till being returned within twentie miles of Iames Towne they gaue iust cause of iealousie but had God not blessed the discouerers otherwise then those at the Fort there had then beene an end of that Plantation for at the Fort where they arriued the next day they found seuenteene men hurt and a boy slaine by the Sauages and had it not chanced a crosse Bar shot from the Ships strooke downe a Bough from a Tree amongst them that caused them to retire our men had all beene slaine being securely all at worke and their Armes in Dry-fats Heereupon the President was contented the Fort should be pallisadoed the Ordnance mounted his men armed and exercised for many were the assaults and Ambuscadoes of the Sauages and our men by their disorderly stragling were often hurt when the Sauages by the nimblenesse of their heeles well escaped What toile we had with so small a power to guard our workemen adayes watch all night resist our enemies and effect our businesse to relade the Ships cut downe Trees and prepare the ground to plant our Corne c. I refer to the Readers consideration Six weekes being spent in this manner Captaine Newport who was hired onely for our transportation was to returne with the Ships Now Captaine Smith who all this time from their departure from the Canaries was restrained as a prisoner vpon the scandalous suggestions of some of the chiefe enuying his repute who fained he intended to vsurpe the gouernment murder the Councell and make himselfe King that his confederates were dispersed in all the three Ships and that diuers of his confederates that reuealed it would affirme it for this he was committed thirteene weekes hee remained thus suspected and by that time the Ships should returne they
c. In his returne hee discouered and kindly traded with the Weraskoyks in the meane time those at the Fort so glutted the Sauages with their commodities as they became not regarded Smith perceiuing notwithstanding their late misery not any regarded but from hand to mouth the company being well recouered caused the Pinnace to bee prouided with things fitting to get prouision for the yeere following but in the interim he made three or foure iournyes and discouered the people of Chickahamine yet what hee carefully prouided the rest carelesly spent Wingfield and Kendall liuing in disgrace seeing all things at randome in the absence of Smith The Companies dislike of their Presidents weaknesse and their small loue to Martins neuer-mending sicknesse strengthened themselues with the Sailers and other confederates to regaine their former credit and authoritie or at least such meanes aboard the Pinnace being fitted to saile as Smith had appointed for trade to alter her course and to goe for England Smith vnexpectedly returning had the plot discouered vnto him much trouble hee had to preuent it till with store of Fauken and Musket shot hee forced them to stay or sinke in the Riuer which action cost the life of Captaine Kendall The President and Captaine Archer not long after intended also to haue abandoned the Countrey which proiect also was curbed and suppressed by Smith And now the Winter approaching the Riuers became so couered with Swans Geese Ducks and Cranes that wee daily feasted with good Bread Virginia Pease Pumpions and Putchamins Fish Fowle and diuers sorts of wild Beasts as fat as wee could eate them so that none of our Tuftaffatie humorists desired to goe for England But our Comaedies neuer endured long without a Tragedie some idle exceptions being muttered against Captaine Smith for not discouering the head of Chickahamine riuer taxed by the Councel to be too slow in so worthy an attempt The next voyage hee proceeded so far that with much labour by cutting off Trees in sunder hee made his passage but when his Barge could passe no farther hee left her in a broad Bay out of danger of shot commanding none should goe ashoare till his returne himselfe with two English and two Sauages went vp higher in a Canowe but hee was not long absent but his men went ashoare whose want of gouernment gaue both occasion and opportunity to the Sauages to surprize one George Casson and much failed not to haue cut off the Boate and all the rest The Sauages hauing drawne from George Casson whither Captaine Smith was gone followed him with three hundred Bowmen conducted by Opechankanough the King of Pamaunke who searching the diuisions of the Riuer found Robinson and Emery by the fire side whom they shot full of Arrowes and slew Smith being assaulted slew three of them and so galled the rest that they would not come neere he vsed the Sauage his guide as a shield hauing bound him to his arme with his garters and thinking to haue recouered his Boate hauing more eye to them in his march then to his way he slipped vp to the middle in an ozie creeke and his Sauage with him yet durst they not come to him till he threw away his armes being neere dead with cold Then according to composition they drew him forth and led him to the fire where his men were slaine Diligently they chafed his benummed limbes and he gaue Opechankanough a round Iuory double compassed Diall They much maruelled at the playing of the flye which they could see and not touch by reason of the Glasse couer but when he had read a Cosmographicall lecture to them of the Skies Earth Day and night with the varietie of Nations and such like they were all amazed notwithstanding which sudden wonder they tide him to a tree within an houre after as many as could stand about him prepard their fatall Arrowes to his death which were all laid downe when Opechankanough held vp the said Diall and they led him in a kinde of triumph to Oropaxe Their order was this drawing themselues all in file the King in the midst had all their Peeces and Swords borne before him Captaine Smith was led after him by three great lubbers holding him fast on each side went six in file with their Arrowes nocked When they arriued at the Towne which was of thirty or forty hunting houses made of Mats remoued at pleasure as Tents with vs the women and children came to stare on him the Souldiers in file had their Sargiants to keepe them in order A good while they thus continued and then cast themselues into a ring dancing in seuerall postures and singing hellish noates strangely painted each hauing his Quiuer of Arrowes and at his backe a Clubbe on his arme a Foxes or Otters Skinne for his vambrace their heads and shoulders painted red with Oyle and Pocones mingled together his Bowe in his hand and the Skinne of a Bird with her wings abroad dried tied on his head with a peece of Copper a white Shell a long Fether and a small Rattle growing at the taile of their Snakes or some such toy fastened thereto All this while Smith stood with the King guarded in the midst till three dances being done they departed Then did they conduct Smith to along house where thirty or forty men guarded him and soone after was brought more Bread and Venison then would haue serued twenty what he left they put in Baskets and tied ouer his head which about midnight they againe set before him none of them eating ought with him till hauing brought as much more the next morning they did eate the old and reserued the new in like manner Hee thought they intended to fat and eate him One Maocassater in requitall of Beads which he had giuen him brought him his Gowne to defend him from the cold Another was possessed with a contrary humour and would haue slaine him for the death of his sonne had not the guard preuented to him yet breathing his last they brought him to recouer him Smith told them that at Iames Towne he had a water that would doe it if they would let him fetch it But they prepared to assault Iames Towne promising him liberty and women if he would assist them In part of a Table Booke he writ his minde to those which were at the Fort that they should send such things mentioned They went in bitter weather for Frost and Snow and seeing men sally out as he had before told them they fled but comming againe in the night to the place which he had appointed for an answer they found things ready and speedily returned as if either he had diuined or the paper had spoken After this they led him to the Youghtanunds the Matapanients the Payankatiks the Nantaughtacunds the Onanmanients vpon the Riuers of Rapahanocke and Patanomecke and backe againe by diuers other Nations to the Kings habitation at Pamaunk where they
finding your loue and kindnesse our custome is so far from being vngratefull that for your sake onely we haue curbed our thirsting desire of reuenge else had they knowne as well the crueltie we vse to our enemies as our true loue and curtesie to our friends And I thinke your iudgement sufficient to conceiue as well by the aduentures wee haue vndertaken as by the aduantage we haue by our Armes of yours that had we intended you any hurt long ere this wee could haue effected it your people comming to me at Iames Towne are entertained with their Bowes and Arrowes without exception we esteeming it with you as it is with vs to weare our Armes as our apparell As for the dangers of our enemies in such warres consist our chiefest pleasure for your riches wee haue no vse as for the hiding your prouision or by your flying to the Woods wee shall so vnaduisedly starue as you conclude your friendly care in that behalfe is needlesse for wee haue a rule to find beyond your knowledge Many other discourses they had till at last they began to trade but the King seeing his will would not be admitted as a law our guard dispersed nor our men disarmed he sighing breathed his mind once more in this manner Captaine Smith I neuer vsed any Werowances so kindly as your selfe yet from you I receiue the least kindnesse of any Captaine Newport gaue me swords Copper Clothes a Bed Tooles or what I desired euer taking what I offered him and would send away his Guns when I intreated him none doth deny to lay at my feet or doe what I desire but onely you of whom I can haue nothing but what you regard not and yet you will haue whatsoeuer you demand Captaine Newport you call father and so you call me but I see for all vs both you will doe what you liâ—t and wee must both seeke to content you But if you intend so friendly as you say send hence your Armes that I might beleeue you for you see the loue I beare you doth cause me thus naked to forget my selfe Smith seeing this Sauage but trifled the time to cut his throat procured the Sauages to breake the Ice that his Boat might come to fetch both him and his Corne and gaue order for his men to come ashore to haue surprised the King with whom also hee but trifled the time till his men landed and to keepe him from suspition entertained the time with this reply Powhatan you must know as I haue but one God I honour but one King and I liue not here as your subiect but as your friend to pleasure you with what I can by the gifts you bestow on me you gaine more then by trade yet would you visit mee as I doe you you should know it is not our customes to sell our curtesie as a vendible commoditie Bring all your Countrey with you for your guard I will not dislike of it as being ouer iealous But to content you to morrow I will leaue my Armes and trust to your prâ—mise I call you father indeed and as a father you shall see I will loue you but the small care you had of such a child caused my men to perswade me to shift for my selfe By this time Powhatan hauing knowledge his men were readie whilst the Ice was breaking his luggage women and children fled and to auoid suspition left two or three of his women talking with the Captaine whilst hee secretly fled and his men as secretly beset the house which being at the instant discouered to Captaine Smith with his Pistol Sword and Target hee made such a passage amongst those naked Deuills that they fled before him some one way some another so that without hurt hee obtained the Corps du-guard when they perceiued him so well escaped and with his eight men for hee had no more with him to the vttermost of their skill they sought by excuses to dissemble the matter and Powhatan to excuse his flight and the sudden comming of this multitude sent our Captaine a great Bracelet and a Chaine of Pearle by an ancient Orator that bespoke vs to this purpose perceiuing then from our Pinnace a Barge and men departing and comming vnto vs. Captaine Smith our Werowance is fled fearing your Guns and knowing when the Ice was broken there would come more men sent those of his to guard his Corne from the pilfry that might happen without your knowledge now though some bee hurt by your misprision yet he is your friend and so will continue and since the Ice is open hee would haue you send away your Corne and if you would haue his company send also your Armes which so affrighteth this people that they dare not come to you as he hath promised they should Now hauing prouided Baskets for our men to carry the Corne they kindly offered their seruice to guard our Armes that none should steale them A great many they were of goodly well appointed fellowes as grim as Deuills yet the very sight of cocking our matches against them and a few wordes caused them to leaue their Bowes and Arrowes to our guard and beare downe our Corne on their owne backes wee needed not importune them to make quick dispatch But our owne Barge being left by the ebbe caused vs to stay till the midnight tide carried vs safe aboard hauing spent that halfe night with such mirth as though we neuer had suspected or intended any thing we left the Dutchmen to build Brinton to kill Fowle for Powhatan as by his Messengers he importunately desired and left directions with our men to giue Powhatan all the content they could that we might inioâ— his company at our returne from Pamaunke VVE had no sooner set saile but Powhatan returned and sent Adam and Francis two stout Dutch men to the Fort who faining to Captaine Winne that all things were well and that Captaine Smith had vse for their Armes wherefore they requested new the which were giuen them they told him their comming was for some extraordinary tooles and shift of apparell by this colourable excuse they obtained sixe or seuen more to their confederacie such expert theeues that presently furnished them with a great many of Swords pike-Pike-heads Peeces Shot Powder and such like they haue Sauages at hand ready to carry it away The next day they returned vnsuspected leauing their confederates to follow and in the interim to conuay them a competencie of all things they could for which seruice they should liue with Powhatan as his chiefe affected free from those miseries that would happen the Colony Samuell their other consort Powhatan kept for their pledge whose diligence had prouided them three hundred of their kind of Hatchets the rest fiftie Swords eight Peeces and eight Pikes Briton and Richard Sauage seeing the Dutch-men so strangely diligent to accommodate the Sauages these weapons attempted to haue got to Iames Towne but they were
their leaues in the Winter moneths as withered or burnt with the cold blasts of the North winde especially those that grow to the Seaward and in March there Burgen new in their roome fresh and tender Other kindes of high and sweet smelling Woods there bee and diuers colours blacke yellow and red and one which beares a round blew Berry much eaten by our owne people of a stiptick qualitie and rough taste on the tongue like a Slow to stay or binde the Fluxe which the often eating of the luscious Palme berry would bring them into for the nature of sweet things is to clense and dissolue A kinde of Pease of the bignesse and shape of a Katherine Peare wee found growing vpon the Rockes full of many sharpe subtill prickes as a Thistle which wee therefore called The Prickle Peare the outside greene but being opened of a deepe murrie full of iuyce like a Mulberry and iust of the same substance and taste wee both eate them raw and baked Sure it is that there are no Riuers nor running Springs of fresh water to bee found vpon any of them when wee came first wee digged and found certaine gushings and soft bublings which being either in bottoms or on the side of hanging ground were onely fed with raine water which neuerthelesse soone sinketh into the earth and vanisheth away or emptieth it selfe out of sight into the Sea without any channell aboue or vpon the superficies of the earth for according as their raines fell we had our Wels and Pits which we digged either halfe full or absolute exhausted and dry howbeit some low bottoms which the continuall descent from the Hills filled full and in those flats could haue no passage away we found to continue as fishing Ponds or standing Pooles continually Summer and Winter full of fresh water The shoare and Bayes round about when wee landed first afforded great store of fish and that of diuers kindes and good but it should seeme that our fiers which wee maintained on the shoares side draue them from vs so as wee were in some want vntill wee had made a flat bottome Gundall of Cedar with which wee put off farther into the Sea and then daily hooked great store of many kindes as excellent Angell-fish Salmon Peale Bonetas Stingray Cabally Senappers Hogge-fish Sharkes Dogge-fish Pilcherds Mullets and Rock-fish of which bee diuers kindes and of these our Gouernour dryed and salted and barrelling them vp brought to sea fiue hundred for he had procured Salt to bee made with some Brine which happily was preserued and once hauing made a little quantity he kept three or foure pots boyling and two or three men attending nothing else in an house some little distance from his Bay set vp on purpose for the same worke Likewise in Furbushers building Bay wee had a large Sein or Tramell Net which our Gouernour caused to be made of the Deere Toyles which wee were to carry to Virginia by drawing the Masts more straight and narrow with Roape Yarne and which reached from one side of the Dock to the other with which I may boldly say wee haue taken fiue thousand of small and great fish at one hale As Pilchards Breames Mullets Rocke-fish c. and other kindes for which wee haue no names Wee haue taken also from vnder the broken Rockes Creuises oftentimes greater then any of our best English Lobsters and likewise abundance of Crabbes Oysters and Wilkes True it is for Fâ—sh in euerie Coue and Creeke wee found Snaules and Skulles in that abundance as I thinke no Iland in the world may haue greater store or better Fish For they sucking of the very water which descendeth from the high Hills mingled with iuyce and verdor of the Palmes Cedars and other sweet Woods which likewise make the Herbes Roots and Weeds sweet which grow about the Bankes become thereby both fat and wholsome As must those Fish needes bee grosse slimy and corrupt the bloud which feed in Fennes Marishes Ditches muddy Pooles and neere vnto places where much filth is daily cast forth Vnscaled Fishes such as Iunius calleth Molles Pisces as Trenches Eele or Lampries and such feculent and dangerous Snakes wee neuer saw any nor may any Riuer bee inuenomed with them I pray God where I come I forbeare to speake what a sort of Whales wee haue seene hard aboard the shoare followed sometime by the Sword-fish and the Thresher the sport where of was not vnpleasant The Sword-fish with his sharpe and needle Finne pricking him into the belly when hee would sinke and fall into the Sea and when hee startled vpward from his wounds the Thresher with his large Fins like Flayles beating him aboue water The examples whereof giues vs saith Ouiedus to vnderstand that in the selfe same perill and danger doe men liue in this mortall life wherein is no certaine security neither in high estate nor low Fowle there is great store small Birds Sparrowes fat and plumpe like a Bunting bigger then ours Robbins of diuers colours greene and yellow ordinary and familiar in our Cabbins and other of lesse sort White and gray Hernshawes Bitters Teale Snites Crowes and Hawkes of which in March wee found diuers Ayres Goshawkes and Tassells Oxen-birds Cormorants Bald-Cootes Moore-Hennes Owles and Battes in great store And vpon New-yeeres day in the morning our Gouernour being walked foorth with another Gentleman Master Iames Swift each of them with their Peeces killed a wild Swanne in a great Sea-water Bay or Pond in our Iland A kinde of webbe-footed Fowle there is of the bignesse of an English greene Plouer or Sea-Meawe which all the Summer wee saw not and in the darkest nights of Nouember and December for in the night they onely feed they would come forth but not flye farre from home and houering in the ayre and ouer the Sea made a strange hollow and harsh howling Their colour is inclining to Russet with white bellies as are likewise the long Feathers of their wings Russet and White these gather themselues together and breed in those Ilands which are high and so farre alone into the Sea that the Wilde Hogges cannot swimme ouer them and there in the ground they haue their Burrowes like Conyes in a Warren and so brought in the loose Mould though not so deepe which Birds with a light bough in a darke night as in our Lowbelling wee caught I haue beene at the taking of three hundred in an houre and wee might haue laden our Boates. Our men found a prettie way to take them which was by standing on the Rockes or Sands by the Sea side and hollowing laughing and making the strangest out-cry that possibly they could with the noyse whereof the Birds would come flocking to that place and settle vpon the very armes and head of him that so cryed and still creepe neerer and neerer answering the noyse themselues by which our men would weigh them with their
to come again to bring with him some of the Massasoyts our neighbours with such Beauers skins as they had to trucke with vs. Saturday and Sunday reasonable faire dayes On this day came againe the Sauage and brought with him fiue other tall proper men they had euery man a Deeres skin on him and the principall of them had a wild Cats skin or such like on the one arme they had most of them long hosen vp to their groynes close made and aboue their groynes to their wast another leather they were altogether like the Irish-trouses they are of complexion like our English Gipseys no haire or very little on their faces on their heads long haire to the shoulders onely cut before some trussed vp before with a feather broad wise like a fan another a Fox taile hanging out these left according to our charge giuen him before their Bowes and Arrowes a quarter of a mile from our Towne we gaue them entertainment as we thought was fitting them They did eate liberally of our English victuals they made semblance vnto vs of friendship and amitie they sang and danced after this manner like Anticks they brought with him in a thing like a Bow-case which the principall of them had about his wast a little of their Corne pounded to powder which put to a little water they eate he had a little Tobacco in a bag but none of them drunke but when he listed some of them had their faces painted blacke from the forehead to the chin foure or fiue fingers broad others after other fashions as they liked they brought three or foure Skins but wee would not trucke with them all that day but wished them to bring more and we would trucke for all which they promised within a night or two and would leaue these behind them though wee were not willing they should and they brought all our Tooles againe which were taken in the Woods in our mens absence so because of the day we dismissed them so soone as we could But Samoset our first acquaintance either was sicke or fained himselfe so and would not goe with them and staied with vs till Wednesday morning Then we sent him to them to know the reason they came not according to their words and we gaue him an Hat a paire of Stockings and Shooes a Shirt and a piece of Cloth to tye about his wast Thursday the 22. of March was a very faire warme day About noone we met againe about our publike businesse but we had scarce beene an houre together but Samoset came againe and Squanto the onely Natiue of Patuxat where wee now inhabite who was one of the twentie Captiues that by Hunt were carried away and had beene in England and dwelt in Cornhill with Master Iohn Slanie a Merchant and could speake a little English with three others and they brought them some few Skins to trucke and some Red Herrings newly taken and dried but not salted and signified vnto vs that there Great Sagamore Massasoyt was hard by with Quadequina his brother and all their men They could not well expresse in English what they would but after an houre the King came to the top of an Hill ouer against vs and had in his trayne sixtie men that we could well behold them and they vs wee were not willing to send our Gouernour to them and they vnwilling to come to vs so Squanto went againe vnto him who brought word that wee should send one to parley with him which we did which was Edward Winsloe to know his mind and to signifie the mind and will of our Gouernor which was to haue trading and peace with him Wee sent to the King a paire of Kniues and a Copper Chaine with a Iewell at it To Quadequina we sent likewise a Knife and a Iewell to hang in his eare and withall a Pot of strong water a good quantitie of Bisket and some Butter which were all willingly accepted our Messenger made a speech vnto him that King IAMES saluted him with words of Loue and Peace and did accept of him as his Friend and Alley and that our Gouernour desired to see him and to trocke with him and to confirme a Peace with him as his next neighbour hee liked well of the speech and heard it attentiuely though the Interpreters did not well expresse it after hee had eaten â—nd drunk himselfe giuen the rest to his company he looked vpon our Messengers Sword and Armor which he had on with intimation of his desire to buy it but on the other side our Messenger shewed his vnwillingnesse to part with it In the end he left him in the custodie of Quadequina his brother and came ouer the Brook and some twenty men following him leauing all their Bowes and Arrowes behind them We kept six or seuen as Hostages for our Messenger Cap. Standish and M. Williamson met the King at the Brook with halfe a dozen Musketiers they saluted him and he them so one going ouer the one on the one side and the other on the other conducted him to an house then in building where wee placed a greene Rug and three or foure Cushions Then instantly came our Gouernour with a Drum and Trumpet after him and some few Musketiers After salutations our Gouernour kissing his hand the King kissed him and so they sate downe The Gouernour called for some strong water and drunke to him and he drunke a great draught that made him sweate all the while after hee called for a little fresh meate which the King did eate willingly and did giue his followers Then they treated of Peace which was First That neither he nor any of his should iniure or do hurt to any of our people Secondly if any of his did hurt to any of ours he should send the offender that we might punish him Thirdly that if any of our tooles were taken away when our people were at work he should cause them to bee restored and if ours did any harme to any of his we would doe the like to them Fourthly If any did vniustly war against him we would aide him If any did war against vs he should aide vs. Fifthly He should send to his neighbor Confederates to certifie them of this that they might not wrong vs but might be likewise comprised in the conditions of Peace Sixthly That when their men came to vs they should leaue their Bowes and Arrowes behind them as wee should doe our Peeces when we came to them Lastly that doing thus King IAMES would esteeme of him as his Friend and Ally all which the King seemed to like well and it was applauded of his followers all the while he sate by the Gouernour hee trembled for feare In his person hee is a very lusty man in his best yeeres an able body graue of countenance and spare of speech In his attyre little or nothing differing from the rest of his followers onely in a grâ—aâ— Chaine of white bone
loosed from thence and the seuen and twentieth thereof they arriued at Saint Iohns Harbour in New-found-land and from thence sailed alongst the Bay of Conception where they left the Ship and dispatched themselues home in seuerall Ships that belonged to the West part of England and doe intend this next Spring to set forth a Colony to plant there The description of the Countrey of Mawooshen discouered by the English in the yeere 1602. 3. 5. 6. 7. 8. and 9. MAwooshen is a Countrey lying to the North and by East of Uirginia betweene the degrees of 43. and 45. It is fortie leagues broad and fiftie in length lying in breadth East and West and in length North and South It is bordered on the East side with a Countrey the people whereof they call Tarrantines on the West with Epistoman on the North with a great Wood called Senaglecoune and on the South with the mayne Ocean Sea and many Ilands In Mawooshen it seemeth there are nine Riuers whereof the first to the East is called Quibiquesson on which there is one Towne wherein dwell two Sagamos or Lords the one called Asticon the other Abermot In this Towne are fiftie houses and 150. men The name of which Towne is Precante this Riuer runneth farre vp into the Mayne at the head thereof there is a Lake of a great length and breadth it is at the fall into the Sea tenne fathoms deepe and halfe a mile ouer The next is Pemaquid a goodly Riuer and very commodious all things considered it is ten fathoms water at the entrance and fortie miles vp there are two fathoms and a halfe at low water it is halfe a mile broad and runneth into the Land North many daies iourney where is a great Lake of 18. leagues long and foure broad In this Lake are seuen great Ilands toward the farthest end there falleeh in a Riuer which they call Acaconstomed where they passe with their Boates thirtie daies iourney vp and from thence they goe ouer Land twentie daies iourney more and then come to another Riuer where they haue a trade with Anadabis or Anadabijon with whom the Frenchmen haue had commerce for a long time Neere to the North of this Riuer of Pemaquid are three Townes the first is Upsegon where Bashabes their chiefe Lord doth dwell And in this Towne are sixtie houses and 250. men it is three daies iourney within the Land The second is Caiocame the third Shasheekeing These two last Townes are opposite one to the other the Riuer diuiding them both and they are two daies iourney from the Towne of Bashabes In Caioc 〈…〉 dwelleth Maiesquis and in Shasheokeing Bowant two Sagamos subiects to Bashabes Vpon both sides of this Riuer vp to the very Lake for a good distance the ground is plaine without Trees or Bushes but full of long Grasse like vnto a pleasant meadow which the Inhabitants doe burne once a yeere to haue fresh feed for their Deere Beyond this Meadow are great Woods whereof more shall bee spoken hereafter The Riuer of Pemaquid is foure dayes iourney from the mouth of Quibiquesson The third Riuer is called Ramassoc and is distant from the mouth of Pemaquid foure daies iourney it is twentie fathoms at the entrance and hath a mile ouer it runneth into the Land three daies iourney and within lesse then a daies iourney of the dwelling of Bashabes vpon this Riuer there is a Towne named Panobscot the Lord whereof is called Sibatahood who hath in his Town fiftie houses and eightie men The fourth Riuer Apanawapeske lying West and by South of Ramassoc at the entrance whereof there is twentie fathoms water and it is a mile broad it runneth vp into the Countrey fiue daies iourney and within three daies of the mouth are two Townes the one called Meecombe where dwelleth Aramasoga who hath in his Towne fiftie houses and eightie men The other is Chebegnadose whose Lord is Skanke and hath thirtie houses and ninetie men The mouth of Apanawapeske is distant from Ramassoc three daies iourney To the South-west foure daies iourney there is another excellent Riuer in the entranc◠whereof is twentie fathoms water and it is a quarter of a mile broad it runneth into the Land two daies iourney and then there is a great fall at the head wherof there is a Lake of a daies iourney long and as much in breadth On the side of this Lake there is a Strait and at the end of that Strait there is another Lake of foure daies iourney long and two daies iourney broad wherin there are two Ilands one at the one end and another at the other end I should haue told you that both these Lakes as also the rest formerly spoken of doe infinitely abound with fresh water fish of all sorts◠as also with diuers sorts of Creatures as Otters Beeues sweete Rats and such like The sixt Riuer is called Apponick on which there are three Townes the first is called Appisham where dwelleth Abochigishic The second is Mesaqueegamic where dwelleth Amniquin in which there is seuentie houses and eightie men the third is Matammiscowte in which are eightie houses and ninetie men and there dwelleth Narracommique To the Westward of this there is another Riuer called Aponeg it hath at the entrance ten fathoms water and is a mile broad it runneth vp into a great Sound of fresh water Vpon the East side of this Riuer there are two Townes the one called Nebamocago the other called Ashawe In the first dwelleth Mentavrmet and hath in his Towne 160. housholds and some 300. men In the second dwelleth Hamerhaw and hath in his Towne eightie housholds and seuentie men On the West side there is another Towne called Neredoshan where are 120. housholds and 100. men There is a Sagamo or Lord called Sabenaw Three daies iourney from Aponeg to the Westward there is a goodly Riuer called Sagadohoc the entrance whereof is a mile and an halfe ouer holding that breadth a daies iourney and then it maketh a great Sound of three daies iourney broad in which Sound are six Ilands foure great and full of Woods and two lesse without Woods The greater are called Sowaghcoc Neguiwo Neiwoc And in the verie entrance of this Riuer there is another small Iland from the West of which Iland to the Maine there is a Sand that maketh as it were a bar so that that way is not passable for shipping but to the Eastward there is two fathoms water This Sound diuideth it selfe into two branches or armes the one running North-east twentie foure daies iourney the other North-west thirtie daies iourney into the Maine At the heads whereof there are two Lakes the Westermost being eight daies iourney long and foure daies iourney broad and the Eastermost foure daies iourney long and two daies broad The Riuer of Aponeg runneth vp into this Sound and so maketh as it were a great Iland
neerest Streets of the Suburbs the Battel and the Arrereward stood in Armes all the night in Field neere to Alcantara Before morning Captaine Wingfield by direction from the Colonell generall Sir Roger Williams held guard with Sir Edward Norris his Regiment in three places very neere the Towne wall and so held the same till the other Regiments came in the morning About midnight they within the Towne burnt all their houses that stood vpon their wall either within or without least we possessing them might thereby greatly haue annoyed the Towne The next morning Sir Roger Williams attempted but not without perill to take a Church called S. Antonio which ioyned to the wall of the Towne and would haue been a very euill neighbor to the Towne but the enemy hauing more easie entry into it then wee gained it before vs. The rest of that morning was spent in quartering the Battell and Arrereward in the Suburbs called Bona Uista and in placing Musquetiers in houses to front their Shot vpon the wall who from the same scowred the great Streets very dangerously By this time our men being thorowly weary with our sixe dayes march and the last nights watch were desirous of rest whereof the enemy being aduertised about one or two of the clocke sallied out of the Town and made their approach in three seuerall Streets vpon vs but chiefly in Colonell Brets quarter who as most of the Armie was being at rest with as much speed as he could drew his men into Armes and made head against them so thorowly as himselfe was slain in the place Captaine Carsey shot thorow the thigh of which hurt hee died within foure dayes after Captaine Carre slaine presently and Captaine Caue hurt but not mortally who were all of his Regiment This resistance made as well here as in other quarters where Colonell Lane and Colonell Mâ—dkerk commanded put them to a sudden foule retreat insomuch as the Earle of Essex had the chase of them enen to the gates of the high Town wherin they left behind them many of their best Commanders their troupe of Horsemen also came out but being charged by Captain Yorke withdrew themselues againe Many of them also left the streets and betooke them to houses which they found open for the Sergeant Maior Captain Wilsonâ—lew â—lew in one house with his owne hands three or foure and caused them that were with him to kill many others Their losse I can assure you did triple ours as well in qualitie as in quantitie During our march to this place Generall Drake with the whole Fleet was come into Cascais and possessed the Town without any resistance many of the Inhabitants at their discouery of our Nauie fled with their baggage into the Mountaines and left the Towne for any man that would possesse it till Generall Drake sent vnto them by a Portugall Pilot which he had on boord to offer them all peaceable kindnesse so farre forth as they would accept of their King and minister necessaries to the Armie he had brought which offer they ioyfully imbraced and presently sent two chiefe men of their Town to signifie their loyaltie to Don Antonio their honest affections to our people Whereupon the Generall landed his Companies not farre from the Cloister called San Domingo but not without perill of the shot of the Castle which being guarded with sixtie fiue Spaniards held still against him As our Fleet were casting anker when they came first into that Road there was a small ship of Brasil that came from thence which bare with them and seemed by striking her sailes as though she would also haue ancred but taking her fittest occasion hoised againe and would haue passed vp the Riuer but the Generall presently discerning her purpose sent out a Pinnace or two after her whâ—ch forced her in such sort as she ran her selfe vpon the Rocks all the men escaped out of her and the lading being many chests of Sugar was made nothing worth by the Salt water In his going thither also he tooke Ships of the Port of Portugall which were sent from thence with fifteene other from Pedro Vermendes Xantes Sergeant Maior of the same place laden with men and victualls to Lisbon the rest that escaped put into Setâ—â—el The next day it pleased Generall Norris to call all the Colonels together and to aduise with them whether it were more expedient to tarry there to attend the forces of the Portugall Horse and Foot whereof the King had made promise and to march some conuenient number to Cascais to fetch our Artillery and Munition which was all at our ships sauing that which for the necessity of the seruice was brought along with vs whereunto some carried away with the vaine hope of Don Antonio that the most part of the Town stood for vs held it best to make our abode there and to send some three thousand of our Artillery promising to themselues that the Enemy being well beaten the day before would make no more sallies some others whose vnbeliefe was very strong of any hope from the Portugall perswaded rather to march wholly away then to be any longer carried away with the opinion of things whereof there was so little appearance The Generall not willing to leaue any occasion of blot to be laid vpon him for his speedie going from thence nor to lose any more time by attending the hope of Don Antonio told them that though the expedition of Portugall were not the onely purpose of their iburney but an aduenture therein which if it succeeded prosperously might make them sufficiently rich and wonderfull honourable and that they had done so much alreadie in triall thereof as what end soeuer happened could nothing impaire their credits yet in regard of the Kings last promise that hee should haue that night three thousand armed men of his owne Country he would not for that night dislodge The King of Portugall whether carried away with imagination by the aduertisements he receiued from the Portugalls or willing by any promise to bring such an Armie into his Countrey thereby to put his fortune once more in triall assured the Generall that vpon his first landing there would be a reuolt of his subiects After two nights staying at Lisbon the King as you haue heard promised a supply of three thousand Foot and some Horse but all his appointments being expired euen to the last of a night all his Horse could not make a Cornet of fortie nor his Foot furnish two Ensignes fully although they carried three or foure colours and these were altogether such as thought to inrich themselues by the ruine of their neighbours for they committed more disorders in euery place where we came by spoile then any of our owne The Generall as you see hauing done more then before his comming out of England was required by the King and giuen credite to his many promises euen to the breach of the last he
And description ibid. Etapusick a place in the Indies with singular mynes of gold 1222 Etechemins Savages of New-France that are theeues and treacherous 1626 Etoica a River in Brasile its dangerous Navigation 1240 Euill-peace a towne so named by the Spaniards in Florida and the reason thereof 1533 Europa a River that commeth into Orenoco 1248 Example prevaileth more then precept 1743 F. FAls of water very violent and strange 1610 False-heartednesse how auoided in the treacherous Indians by Spanish policie 1552 False-heartednesse of the Savages called Massacheusets 1859 Of the Indians towards Master Westons men 1865 Famine very vrgent in the Indies 1214. Miserable in the same countrey 1258 Famine among the French-men 1325. Among the Dutch and Spaniards at the River of Plate the vnnaturall effects thereof 1348. Famine among Spaniards 1401 1477 1508. Among the Indians and some few hungry Spaniards 1517 1518. Incredible famine 1526. Famine and mortalitie of the English in Virginia 1690. Famine in great extremitie enforcing man-slaughter and man-eating 1732 Famishing strangely escaped by Andrew Hillyard all his fellowes perishing 1802 1803 Faraon a towne burnt vp by the English in their returne from Cadiz 1934 Fast publikely instituted and observed by the English in New England being in distresse for want of raine 1867 Fasts instituted in England and Zeland for Gods gracious deliverance in 88. 1911 Father Martin Perez of the societie of Iesus his relation of his travels and description of Ginoloa 1562 1563 seq His baptizing many Indians and instructing them in a knowne tongue c. 1564. What kinde of Christianitie hee taught them 1564 1565 Fayael one of the Ilands of the Azores the description and taking thereof by the Earle of Cumberland 1672. Their feare of the English Nauy 1676 The Feags a strange sicknesse in the Bermudas much annoying the English 1797 Feare the cause of Tyrannie 1437 Feare causing death in the Indians 1522 Feasts of Savages 1607 Feathers vsed for cloathes 1212 Feuers how eased by plants 1311 How gotten in hot Countries and auoided 1370 1371 Febacco Iland 1266 Ferdinando Gorge his employment in the plantation of New-Scotland 1842 Captaine Fenton his expedition and ouerthrow 1141 1142 Fernambue aport in America 1190 1202 1438 Fernandes Gires his discouery of a Land in the south Sea with the rare commodities thereof 1422 Fetherstons Bay in Virginia why so called 1716 Figs of Brasile 1332 Fight betweene the English and and Spaniards in Saint Iohn Port-Ricco 1161. Betweene English and Indians with Portingals 1197. Fighting against a natiue countrie rewarded 1404 Fighting betweene two Indian nations in Peru very extreame and bloody 1458. Betweene the English and Spaniards in the narrow Seas 1906. A fight betweene the English and Spaniards before Greeueling 1908. A fight by sea betweene the English and Spanish before Cadiz 1930 Fire burning in the woods for the space of three dayes 1890. Great danger by fire 1145 1918 A Fish endangering a boat and men 1142. Fishes flying 1157 1314 Their danger of deuouring in Sea or Ayre 1376 Fishing of New England very commodious to the plantation of Virginia 1842 Fishing how commodious and especially to the Hollanders 1821 Fishing with swords 1714 Fishing with golden hookes 1216 Fishing with wood 1251 Fish great store in Guiana 1275. A fish with foure eyes two aboue water and two vnder a fish also with warme blood like flesh ibid. Fish made drunke with wood 1276 Fish like beefe in taste and proportion 1283. It is called the Ox-fish the description thereof at large 1313 1314. It hath eyes which it may close and shut at will armes and hands in his head it hath 2 stones of approued soueraignnesse for the stone in the body ibid. A Fish that snorteth and thereby is apprehended ibid. A fish that hath two broad stones in his mouth ibid. fish good against the poison of a Snake and very wholesome 1313. Fish that maketh the holders hands benummed or shaking as one that hath the palsie Fish that maketh all that touch it to sticke fast vnto it Fishes like men and women their fearfulness to the Indians their manner of killing men Fish that dyes the water and euadeth the Fisher Fish that proues a remedy for the Spleene a Fish that easts his mouth shell and feet 1314 1315 seq A Fish with fingers and vttering a squeaking sound 1331 Fish so plentifull that it may bee kild in the water with clubs 1549 Fishes that haue voices like Owles 1639. Good fishing 1640 Fits-Morrice slaine in Ireland 1893 Flatterers base kind of people 1957 A Flemmish Ship burnt at the fight before Cadiz 1930 Flores a place in the Azores 1144 The description thereof 1175 1672 Florida possessed by the Spaniards 1501. The inhabitants many of them tall of stature and expert archers 1503. The townes and inhabitants thereof variously described 1503 1504. seq Florida hath gold and pretious stones on the sea coast 1554. The distance of sundry places one from the other necessary for trauellers 1556. Losse of inhabitants in Florida by Spanish cruelty 1589. The great age of some men there 1604. They liue in the woods 3 months in the yeare vpon hunting 1604. English men the first discouerers of Florida 1813 Flutes made of Reedes 1687 Fluxes stayed by fruits as Guianas Papaias and wild Grapes 1172. by a berry 1276 1308. by a plant 1311 Fooles-coat a liuery of the Spanish Inquisition 1179 Forests trauelled by compasse 1636 Fort Mora summond befieged and taken by the Lord of Cumberland 1163 1164. The strength and danger of passage for ships by it 1164 Fort St. Iohn of the Spaniards in Florida 1182 Fortileza a towne in Port-Ricco 1164 Fountaines of pitchy substance very hot that serue to calke ships withall 1481 A Fountaine that turneth wood into stone 1670 Fox-Iland on the north of Virginia 1654 Francis Bouadilla chiefe Marshall of the Fleet in 88 sent for England 1901 Francisco de Zeres his relation of the conquest of Peru and Cusco called New Castile 1491. sequ Francisco Pizarro a Spaniard his discouery of Peru and successe 1444 1451 1452 1489 1490 1491 1492 1493 1494. St. Francis a riuer in America â—â—23 A towne there with Châ—â—â—ery Bishop Deane and Uniuersity of Spaniards 1421 Franciscan Fryers of great esteeme in the West Indies 1242 French-Bay in New France 1621 French-Pox cured with Sassafras 1655 French nauigations to the north America 1603. Their discouery of Cape Francois the Riuer Moy taking possession there and discouering eight riuers more their dissention and ouerthrow ibid. French famine on the Seat their miserable distressed scarcity in Florida mutiny and ease by Sir Iohn Hawkins 1604. Fâ—â—nchmen remoue their plantation from St. Croix to Port Royall 1626. Frenchmen settle themselues within the limits of the English in the Newfound-Land though to their small aduantage 1828. FrenchmeÌ„s courtesie to the English nation 1834. Frenchmens couetousnesse and their infamy in that regard 1638. Frenchmens mutiny against their Captaine discouered and reuenged
Peter of Candy Cap. 2. Fifth Voyage Puna now Saint Iago Cap. 3. Atabaliba of Atabualpa Saint Michaels Frier Vincents embassage not in Gods name * So he calls his Breuiary Cap. 4. Atabalibas ransome Cap. 5. Pizarros perfidious cruelty Quisquiz Cap. 6. Chili Mango Inga his acts * The Citie some say they held the Castle Spanish disasters Cap. 7. Almagro put to death Cap. 8. Ferd. sent to Spaine where he is thought to haue died in prison The Marquesse slaine Cap. 9. Vacca de Castro cuts off Diego Cap. 10. Vice-roy Vela Cap. 11. Cap. 12 Cap. 13. Gascas acts in Peru. Cap. 14. Cap. 15. Cap. 1â— Peru â—onceit of S 〈…〉 rds Cap. 21. L. 8. c. 2. Ex Praesatione O 〈…〉 e cusco Tongue Three pronunciations Accent b. d. f. g. i. x. l. rr wanting Monie Pâ—zos The first Book of the first part This Spanish report some of themselues conceale others deny see sup ca. 1. §. 4. To. 1. l. 2. I haue here giuenthis voyage or fable because the particulars are so full and plaine in this author whereas Gomara saith neither in the man nor time hor place c. is agreed on see Gâ—m p 2. c. 13. Name of Peru whence and how The like you may before read of China a name noâ— ther knowne c. Iucatan Sir F. Drake teacher of nauigating the S. Seato the Span. C. 15. Atahualpa or Atabalipa his cruelties Indian fables of their Originals Temple to the Sunne Cusco or Cozco first inhabited Vse of Arts. Vse of Armes The Incas Empire dured about 400. years Valera hath 5. or 600. The Floud See sup p. 1060. Fables and allegorisers Conceits of the originals of all chiefe families c. 20. 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Spanish alterations Mancos lawes Suns Nunnery Poled heads Wide bored eares Fillets Ensignes of dignitie Cusco and the Neighbours Incas by priuiledge which none elsewere except of the Royall bloud Royall Diademe Câ—â—a and Huaccharuyak peculiar titles to the King Manco dieth Sinchi Roca succeedeth Curacas Mancos Funerall Titles of honour The second Booke Amautas the learned Peruans Pachacamac the name of God Ignoto 〈◊〉 August in Zâ—râ—t l. 〈◊〉 〈…〉 i th that 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Vâ—â—cent de valle virâ—â—i that they held the Sun for God the earth for Mother Pachacamac for Creator of all Acosta cals him Uiraroâ—ha and saith â—hey had no proper name for God A Crosse in Cozco before the Spaniards came No swearing Acosta by this will bee better vnderstood corrected Huaca and the diuers significations thereof vnknowne to the Spaniards occasione 〈…〉 〈◊〉 in their stories Twins rare * He seemeth also to make a difference twixt the adoration to the Sunne worship or reuerence of the Inca. Acosta taxed See before in Acosta pag. 1041. c. Their beliefe of the soule Three Worlds Resurâ—â—ctioâ— Ha 〈…〉 superstition Sacrifices Peru diet * Dauâ—â— dos o tres besos â—l ayre Peruans no Man-eaters or Officers Acosta and others taxed Incas conceit of sicknesse Eybrow-rite Priests of Peru. Cozco Metropolitan others had as it were 7 Bishops and Priests All Ordinances attributed to Manco Diuision of the Empire Anti called by Acostâ— Arides Tithings and Tithingmen See the like with vs in Lamb. peramb. of Kent Orders of Officers Chunca Camayu Penalties No fines Nothing more merciâ—ull then seueritie vnpartiall which makes all to feare so Guns haue prooued sauers oâ— mens liues the generall feare of Ordnance causing few battels and consequently â—â—wer slâ—ine in warres then when where they haue not beene No auricular confessiâ—n in Peru as Acosta c. Iudgements examined Quippos Monethly and yeerely accounts But foure priuy Counsellors Roca Inca his acts Indian credulitie Lloque Yupanqui the third Inca. Strange Grammer See Acosta Of the Peruan Aâ—â—s Astrologie Dreames of Ecclipses Thunder and lightning Rainbow Dream-diuinations Medicine Geometry Chorography Arithmeticke Musicke Poetry A Peruan hym in spondaike verses Handicrafts Goldsmiths Carpenters Masons Note The third Booke * This lesson the Spaniards haue learned too well since Admirable buildings Pedro de Câ—eaza c. â—05 han 〈…〉 th this 〈…〉 m his owne 〈…〉 t more largely Men-stones Capac Yupaâ—qui the fiâ—th Inca. Osyer Bridge Bul-rush bridg See Acosta of their waies to passe Riuers Remouing of people from one place to another Many children Religious reputation of Cozco and the superstitious holies therein The Temple of the Sunne Rich hangings Sunnes image Bodies of Kings deceased Huayna Capac A rich Cloister Fiue Chappels Moone Chappell Chappell of Venus Stars Chappell of Starrie skie Chappell of thunder lightning and bolt Chappell of Rainebow Priests Women might not enter Moueable weekes Seruitors Sacrifices Fountaines Garden of gold and siluer Golden counterfeits All vessels and instruments of Gold Rich Temple at Titicaca Spanish vndertaking for treasure Supâ—â—stâ—tious corne The fourth Bâ—â—kâ— Hoâ—â—es of Virgins 1500. Nuns Exceeding stâ—â—ktnesse Men Porters Nunâ—workes Robes for perfume Golden Garden Pâ—rpetuall virginitie Other Nunneries Mamacumas when Spanish authors deceiued Another sorâ— of Nunnes Widowes Marriages Tribes towns wards not intermarrying Lawes of Inheritance Diuers customes Care of Infants Inca Roca the six King 〈◊〉 conquests Acosta and other say that it was thorow griâ—â—e of captiuiâ—ie Cuca Steep deepe descent of fiue leagues Yahuar Huaeac the seuenth Inca. Apophthegâ—â—es Yahuarhuâ—â—ac acts Feare of his Sonne A vision of the Prince The fift Book Great battle Aduantage by Faâ—les Acosta taxed See sup 1060. Their dealing with the Sun Why the Spaniards were called Viracocha b Acosta saith they were so called because they came by Sea Benzo as the froth or scumme of the Sea in contempâ— Viracochas Temple Condores or Contors huge birds * Cuero perhaps it should be cuerâ—â— the borne Huge Aquaeducts Tucma Bodies of 〈◊〉 Kings seene See sup Acostâ—â— Manner of iâ— prouing and allotting lands The Sunne Inca and pâ—ople sharers Andenes Order of tillage Care of Widowes Poore and Souldiers Workes in common done with festiuall alacritic Incas labour Spade Women Tributes of labour Lowse-tribute Scotfree-men Gold and Siluer no money Presents Repositories No beggars Innes and trauellers Hospitals Course in new conquests The Sixth Booke Sâ—upendious buildings and riches of the Incas Their houses Garments Cieça Zarate Gomera and oâ—her Spanish writers testifiâ— the same of thâ—se prodigious tâ—easures in Peru. Gardens Orchards and Bathes Seruants and Officers Huntings Posts Pachacutec the ninth Inca. Sausa Dogworshippers Benefite and prerogatiue of Nunneries anâ— Sun-temples Peruan Knight Forme of Peruan triumph Shoo câ—remonie Riuer turned out of the courâ—e Sea worshipped Pachacamacs Tâ—mple and Oracle â—t 〈◊〉 â—ac o◠〈◊〉 Rites of Pachacamacs Temple Exchâ—nge and succâ—ssion of Idols Other Vallies subdued Common Tongue See of their Feasts in Acosta Cozco as Reme mother of superstitions Raymi that is the Feast Generall assembly The King was chiefe Priest at that Feast Brauerie and Deuises Fast of three dayes Bread festiual Adoration of the rising Sun Festiuall and consccrsted Drinke Procession bare-foot Oblations Strange