like_o a_o dâ—…g_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o length_n of_o their_o nose_n the_o difference_n of_o ape_n be_v take_v in_o french_a principal_o from_o their_o size_n for_o the_o great_a one_o be_v simple_o call_v sing_v or_o ape_n whether_o they_o have_v a_o tail_n or_o no_o or_o whether_o they_o have_v a_o long_a nose_n like_o a_o dog_n or_o a_o short_a one_o and_o the_o little_a ape_n be_v call_v guenons_a or_o monkey_n the_o four_o ape_n which_o we_o describe_v be_v of_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o the_o cercopitheci_n because_o that_o they_o have_v tail_n but_o their_o smallness_n permitt_v they_o to_o be_v range_v only_o under_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o monkey_n they_o be_v but_o fourteen_o inch_n from_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o tail_n which_o be_v twenty_o inch_n the_o arm_n have_v four_o inch_n from_o the_o elbow_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o finger_n be_v six_o inch_n the_o thigh_n four_o and_o a_o half_a the_o leg_n five_o and_o the_o foot_n four_o from_o the_o heel_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o long_a toe_n they_o do_v likewise_o all_o agree_v in_o several_a other_o thing_n which_o be_v common_a almost_o to_o all_o ape_n viz._n 1._o that_o they_o have_v hair_n on_o each_o eyelid_n which_o aristole_n have_v observe_v to_o be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o ape_n among_o the_o quadruped_n these_o hair_n according_a to_o aristotle_n observation_n be_v so_o fine_a that_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o discern_v they_o 2._o that_o in_o the_o low_a jaw_n there_o be_v a_o pouch_n or_o sack_n on_o each_o side_n into_o which_o these_o animal_n use_v to_o put_v what_o they_o will_v keep_v 3._o that_o the_o tooth_n be_v very_o white_a and_o like_o man_n except_o the_o canini_n which_o be_v very_o long_o in_o the_o upper_a jaw_n and_o very_o straight_o in_o the_o low_a jaw_n be_v without_o point_n and_o differ_v from_o the_o incisores_fw-la only_o in_o their_o being_n strait_o and_o long_o 4._o that_o the_o foot_n be_v almost_o like_o the_o hand_n as_o they_o general_o be_v in_o other_o brute_n the_o toe_n of_o the_o foot_n be_v as_o long_o as_o those_o of_o the_o hand_n which_o be_v not_o in_o man_n who_o toe_n be_v two_o three_o short_a than_o his_o finger_n the_o foot_n of_o our_o ape_n do_v indeed_o more_o resemble_v the_o hand_n of_o man_n than_o their_o own_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o conformation_n of_o the_o great_a toe_n which_o resemble_v a_o thumb_n be_v long_o slender_a and_o a_o great_a way_n part_v from_o the_o first_o finger_n whereas_o in_o the_o hand_n or_o paw_n the_o thumb_n be_v so_o short_a and_o so_o close_o to_o the_o first_o finger_n that_o it_o seem_v almost_o useless_a 5._o that_o the_o part_n of_o generation_n in_o three_o of_o our_o subject_n which_o be_v males_n be_v different_a from_o those_o of_o man_n there_o be_v no_o scrotum_fw-la in_o two_o of_o these_o subject_n and_o the_o testicle_n not_o appear_v by_o reason_n that_o they_o be_v hide_v in_o the_o fold_n of_o the_o groin_n it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o three_o which_o be_v one_o of_o the_o sapajous_a have_v a_o scrotum_fw-la but_o it_o be_v so_o shrink_v that_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v 6._o that_o the_o skin_n stick_v close_o on_o the_o buttock_n the_o three_o male_n differ_v only_o in_o colour_n of_o their_o hair._n the_o four_o subject_n which_o be_v a_o female_a be_v of_o the_o cynocephali_n kind_n not_o have_v a_o flat_a face_n like_o the_o other_o but_o a_o nose_n somewhat_o long_o like_o little_a bolonia_n dog_n yet_o its_o long_a tail_n do_v make_v it_o to_o be_v of_o the_o cercopitheci_fw-fr kind_n like_o the_o other_o who_o difference_n among_o the_o ancient_n be_v take_v from_o the_o colour_n of_o the_o hair_n the_o cercopitheci_n simple_o call_v be_v those_o which_o have_v but_o one_o colour_n and_o those_o which_o have_v several_a be_v call_v cepi_n that_o be_v to_o say_v garden_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o diversity_n of_o colour_n wherewith_o they_o seem_v to_o be_v flower_v and_o embroider_a as_o â—…lian_n report_v pythagoras_n to_o have_v say_v the_o first_o of_o our_o ape_n be_v of_o the_o first_o species_n of_o the_o cercopitheci_n be_v all_o of_o one_o colour_n viz._n of_o a_o red_a somewhat_o incline_v to_o a_o green._n this_o colour_n which_o be_v predominant_a be_v only_o a_o little_a darker_n on_o the_o back_n and_o light_a on_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n the_o second_o be_v of_o the_o second_o species_n because_o that_o beside_o the_o greenish-red_n colour_n of_o the_o hair_n which_o cover_v the_o back_n the_o hair_n which_o adorn_v the_o belly_n breast_n and_o inside_n of_o the_o thigh_n and_o arm_n be_v grey_a the_o three_o and_o four_o be_v likewise_o more_o diversify_v with_o colour_n this_o species_n be_v call_v sapajou_n these_o two_o subject_n be_v different_a not_o only_o in_o colour_n and_o the_o various_a shape_n of_o their_o spot_n but_o also_o in_o the_o form_n of_o their_o nose_n which_o be_v long_o in_o the_o one_o and_o flat_a in_o the_o other_o the_o first_o which_o be_v a_o male_a be_v white_a on_o the_o belly_n stomach_n throat_n on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o arm_n and_o thigh_n and_o on_o the_o buttock_n all_o the_o back_n from_o the_o ompolatae_fw-la to_o the_o tail_n be_v of_o a_o dark-red_n the_o flank_n the_o outside_n of_o the_o arm_n and_o thigh_n the_o leg_n and_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n be_v black_a and_o every_o black_a hair_n have_v also_o little_a red_a and_o white_a spot_n there_o be_v two_o red_a spot_n towards_o the_o end_n and_o the_o half_a towards_o the_o root_n be_v white_a on_o the_o chin_n there_o be_v a_o white_a pick_a beard_n a_o inch_n long_o the_o hair_n on_o the_o back_o be_v a_o inch_n in_o length_n about_o the_o neck_n a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a it_o be_v in_o this_o place_n more_o stare_v than_o in_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n and_o make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o ruff_n the_o brow_n have_v a_o white_a list_n on_o which_o a_o row_n of_o black_a hair_n be_v elevate_v like_o eyebrow_n the_o iris_n in_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o redish_n yellow_a the_o pupilla_fw-la be_v very_o large_a the_o head_n be_v round_o with_o a_o kind_n of_o a_o flat_a face_n resemble_v the_o visage_n of_o a_o man_n with_o a_o short_a and_o flat_a nose_n the_o other_o sapajou_n which_o be_v a_o female_a have_v the_o nose_n long_o incline_v to_o the_o cynocephali_n it_o be_v hair_n be_v of_o three_o colour_n viz._n red_a grace_n and_o a_o dark_a chest-nut_n the_o belly_n and_o breast_n be_v mix_v with_o red_a and_o grace_n the_o arm_n and_o leg_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a chestnutt_n the_o back_n have_v the_o chestnut_n and_o red_n mix_v together_o so_o that_o in_o some_o place_n there_o be_v more_o red_a in_o other_o more_o chestnut_n which_o make_v great_a spot_n almost_o as_o in_o cat_n it_o have_v neither_o the_o white_a on_o the_o forehead_n nor_o the_o beard_n as_o the_o other_o sapajou_n the_o ear_n of_o the_o first_o sapajou_n be_v round_o and_o so_o small_a that_o round_o the_o hole_n they_o be_v not_o extend_v above_o a_o line_n and_o a_o half_a be_v entire_o cover_v with_o the_o hair._n the_o writer_n of_o physiognomy_n have_v thereon_o apparent_o found_v the_o judgement_n which_o they_o do_v make_v of_o little_a round_a ear_n which_o they_o do_v put_v as_o a_o sign_n of_o a_o deceitful_a and_o villainous_a temper_n such_o as_o be_v the_o ape_n author_n do_v not_o agree_v touch_v the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o ape_n aristotle_n pliny_n and_o galen_n do_v aver_v that_o they_o be_v whole_o like_a to_o those_o of_o man._n albertus_n do_v on_o the_o contrary_n affirm_v that_o as_o much_o as_o ape_n be_v like_a to_o man_n on_o the_o outside_n so_o much_o be_v they_o unlike_a in_o the_o inside_n so_o that_o there_o be_v no_o animal_n as_o he_o say_v which_o have_v the_o entrail_n so_o different_a from_o man_n as_o the_o ape_n the_o observation_n which_o we_o have_v make_v be_v repugnant_a to_o both_o these_o opinion_n which_o be_v both_o too_o extreme_a yet_o we_o find_v that_o our_o ape_n do_v more_o resemble_v man_n in_o the_o external_a part_n than_o in_o the_o internal_a and_o that_o there_o be_v more_o animal_n which_o have_v the_o inward_a part_n as_o like_v to_o those_o of_o man_n as_o our_o ape_n than_o there_o be_v which_o do_v as_o much_o resemble_v man_n as_o our_o ape_n do_v in_o their_o exterior_a figure_n the_o ring_n or_o holes_n of_o the_o peritonaeum_fw-la be_v as_o in_o dog_n the_o epiploon_n be_v different_a from_o that_o of_o a_o man_n in_o several_a thing_n one_a it_o be_v not_o fasten_v to_o the_o colon_n in_o so_o many_o place_n have_v no_o connexion_n with_o the_o left_a part_n of_o this_o intestine_a â—…d_n
which_o adorn_v the_o belly_n and_o thigh_n exceed_v not_o four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a on_o the_o back_o it_o be_v much_o short_a the_o hair_n which_o do_v cover_v the_o back_n and_o flank_n be_v of_o two_o sort_n for_o beside_o the_o great_a hair_n which_o do_v appear_v there_o be_v a_o small_a one_o very_o short_a and_o fine_a hide_v underneath_o about_o the_o root_n of_o the_o great_a as_o in_o the_o castor_n the_o head_n belly_n and_o leg_n have_v only_o the_o great_a hair._n at_o the_o place_n where_o this_o hair_n be_v long_o as_o at_o the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n on_o the_o neck_n back_o flank_n and_o belly_n it_o be_v a_o little_a frizzle_a and_o wave_v as_o in_o goat_n the_o ridge_n of_o the_o back_n the_o top_n of_o the_o stomach_n the_o bottom_n of_o the_o throat_n flank_n the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n and_o outside_n of_o the_o ear_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a minime_fw-la colour_n from_o the_o ear_n to_o the_o nostril_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o list_n of_o the_o same_o colour_n which_o surround_v the_o eye_n the_o rest_n of_o the_o hair_n be_v of_o a_o foul_a red_a white_a the_o tail_n exceed_v not_o three_o inch_n in_o length_n the_o ear_n be_v five_o on_o the_o inside_n they_o be_v border_v with_o a_o white_a hair._n the_o rest_n be_v smooth_a and_o of_o a_o dark_a chestnut-colour_n the_o eye_n be_v large_a they_o have_v a_o internal_a eyelid_n which_o be_v draw_v towards_o the_o little_a corner_n of_o the_o eye_n it_o be_v red_a it_o be_v perhaps_o upon_o this_o account_n that_o alâ—…ertus_n affirm_v that_o the_o chamois_n have_v red_a eye_n the_o upper_a lip_n be_v a_o little_a cleft_n in_o the_o middle_n as_o in_o the_o hare_n the_o horn_n grow_v on_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o brow_n a_o little_a above_o the_o eye_n the_o colour_n thereof_o be_v black_a they_o be_v round_o and_o ray_v in_o circle_n and_o not_o like_o a_o sâ—…rew_n oppian_n call_v the_o chamois_n strepsiceros_n that_o be_v to_o say_v a_o animal_n with_o turn_v horn_n aldrovandus_n and_o gesner_n do_v interpret_v this_o equivocal_a word_n and_o do_v upon_o good_a ground_n believe_v that_o oppian_n mean_v that_o these_o horn_n be_v turn_v and_o bend_v backward_o and_o not_o turn_v like_o a_o screw_n as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o sheep_n of_o candia_n which_o belonius_a call_v strepsiceros_n indeed_o the_o horn_n of_o our_o chamois_n be_v turn_v backward_o but_o because_o he_o be_v young_a they_o be_v not_o crooked_a as_o they_o be_v in_o the_o more_o age_a in_o which_o they_o do_v grow_v so_o bend_v backward_o and_o so_o point_v that_o it_o be_v report_v that_o these_o animal_n do_v tear_v their_o skin_n in_o scratch_v themselves_o and_o that_o it_o sometime_o happen_v that_o they_o do_v there_o remain_v so_o entangle_v that_o they_o can_v get_v they_o out_o again_o which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o they_o be_v famish_v to_o death_n it_o be_v also_o report_v that_o these_o hook_n do_v serve_v to_o stay_v they_o when_o they_o do_v fall_v from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o rock_n on_o which_o they_o do_v love_n to_o run_v it_o be_v doubt_v whether_o the_o chamois_n be_v the_o animal_n which_o pliny_n call_v rupicapra_n or_o whither_o it_o be_v the_o caprea_n for_o pliny_n say_v that_o there_o be_v two_o kind_n of_o wild_a goat_n jonston_n think_v that_o the_o caprea_n of_o pliny_n be_v the_o cheurevil_n scaliger_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o caprea_n be_v the_o chamois_n and_o that_o the_o cheurevil_n be_v the_o capreolus_n which_o votto_n explain_v columella_n distinguish_v not_o from_o caprea_n no_o more_o than_o aldrovandus_n who_o say_v that_o caprea_n be_v in_o french_a call_v cheurevil_n so_o that_o rupicapra_n according_a to_o scaliger_n be_v a_o common_a genus_fw-la to_o caprea_n and_o ibex_n yet_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o rupicapra_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v our_o chamois_n because_o pliny_n say_v that_o the_o rupicapra_n be_v different_a from_o the_o dama_n in_o that_o it_o have_v horn_n turn_v backward_o and_o that_o the_o dama_n which_o be_v another_o animal_n than_o our_o doe_n have_v they_o turn_v forward_o and_o he_o moreover_o report_v that_o the_o caprea_n have_v branch_a horn_n which_o correspond_v to_o the_o cheurevil_n belonius_a pretend_v that_o the_o chamois_n derive_v its_o name_n from_o the_o greek_a word_n kemas_n but_o the_o description_n which_o aelian_a give_v of_o the_o kemas_n make_v it_o appear_v very_o different_a from_o the_o chamois_n for_o among_o other_o thing_n he_o say_v that_o the_o kemas_n have_v horn_n turn_v forward_o he_o likewise_o affirm_v that_o it_o have_v the_o ear_n garnish_v with_o a_o very_a thick_a hair_n which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o our_o chamois_n as_o have_v be_v already_o remark_v now_o scaliger_n who_o reasonable_o complain_v of_o the_o little_a exactness_n which_o the_o ancient_n use_v to_o describe_v and_o right_o distinguish_v animal_n by_o their_o proper_a name_n have_v himself_o great_o contribute_v to_o the_o confusion_n which_o be_v at_o present_a find_v in_o the_o name_n of_o all_o the_o goat-kind_n of_o which_o this_o be_v one_o for_o beside_o the_o confusion_n which_o he_o make_v of_o caprea_n with_o rupicapra_n he_o likewise_o give_v aldrovandus_n and_o gesner_n occasion_n to_o think_v that_o the_o kemas_n which_o he_o take_v for_o the_o chamois_n be_v in_o french_a call_v faon_n and_o this_o error_n of_o scaliger_n proceed_v from_o his_o not_o make_v the_o distinction_n that_o there_o be_v between_o kemas_n according_a to_o its_o common_a signification_n and_o kemas_n according_a to_o that_o in_o which_o the_o poet_n do_v use_v it_o for_o according_a to_o the_o first_o it_o in_o truth_n signify_v our_o fawn_n kemas_n come_v from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o signify_v to_o sleep_v or_o to_o be_v lie_v down_o because_o that_o the_o fawn_n of_o savage_a beast_n dare_v not_o to_o go_v out_o of_o the_o den_n and_o cavern_n where_o they_o do_v sleep_n and_o be_v usually-layd_a but_o according_a to_o the_o second_o signification_n which_o be_v particular_a to_o the_o poet_n as_o aelian_a report_n it_o signify_v a_o animal_n whole_o different_a from_o the_o fawn_n of_o the_o deer_n and_o other_o animal_n which_o in_o french_a be_v call_v faon_n our_o chamois_n have_v incisore_n only_o in_o the_o low_a jaw_n like_o other_o animal_n which_o chew_v the_o cud._n they_o be_v eight_o in_o number_n and_o uneven_a those_o of_o the_o middle_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n large_a than_o those_o which_o be_v at_o the_o side_n resemble_v those_o in_o the_o gazella_n the_o foot_n be_v cleave_v and_o hollow_a underneath_o and_o not_o fill_v with_o flesh_n as_o in_o the_o gazella_n for_o the_o flesh_n be_v draw_v inward_o so_o that_o each_o claw_v make_v a_o print_n in_o the_o earth_n like_o a_o horse_n and_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o horn_n which_o bear_v upon_o the_o ground_n be_v very_o sharp_a the_o anteriour_a part_n of_o the_o epiploon_n be_v fasten_v on_o the_o left_a side_n to_o the_o first_o ventricle_n in_o pass_v to_o the_o right_a side_n it_o be_v join_v to_o the_o three_o descend_v from_o thence_o it_o go_v underneath_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o first_o and_o by_o reascending_a behind_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o bottom_n of_o this_o first_o ventricle_n so_o that_o this_o epiploon_n be_v not_o lay_v on_o the_o intestine_n as_o it_o general_o be_v there_o be_v three_o ventricles_n the_o first_o which_o be_v the_o great_a be_v compose_v of_o two_o membrane_n the_o interior_a of_o which_o be_v velvete_v and_o may_v be_v easy_o separate_v from_o the_o external_a the_o second_o which_o be_v the_o least_o have_v some_o wrinkle_n raise_v on_o the_o inside_n which_o do_v form_n different_a figure_n and_o compose_v as_o it_o be_v a_o net._n the_o three_o which_o be_v of_o a_o middle_a size_n have_v dentilate_v leaf_n such_o as_o be_v in_o the_o three_o ventricle_n of_o oxen._n bartholinus_n have_v find_v in_o the_o chamois_n which_o he_o describe_v that_o the_o two_o orifice_n of_o the_o ventricle_n for_o he_o speak_v only_o of_o one_o be_v very_o near_o each_o other_o but_o in_o our_o subject_n they_o be_v very_o distant_a as_o the_o figure_n demonstrate_v the_o three_o ventricle_n have_v a_o strange_a body_n fasten_v to_o its_o interior_a membrane_n this_o body_n be_v compose_v of_o a_o hard_a membrane_n in_o which_o there_o be_v gravel_n enclose_v genser_n say_v that_o the_o chamois_n use_v to_o swallow_v gravel_n to_o clear_v his_o tongue_n and_o throat_n which_o be_v general_o bedaub_v with_o pituita_fw-la or_o phlegm_n which_o take_v away_o their_o appetite_n beside_o this_o strange_a body_n which_o be_v natural_o clammy_a there_o be_v a_o ball_n or_o glewy_a bowl_n but_o easy_o separable_a it_o be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n contain_v thirteen_o line_n to_o ten_o one_o
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this_o animal_n either_o by_o a_o inslammation_n or_o obstruction_n which_o have_v cause_v these_o vessel_n insensible_o to_o dilate_v this_o be_v easy_a in_o a_o young_a animal_n where_o the_o part_n not_o yet_o harden_v be_v more_o easy_a to_o dilate_v and_o the_o humour_n be_v more_o agitate_a be_v more_o capable_a of_o effect_v this_o dilatation_n glisson_n who_o have_v observe_v that_o oftentimes_o the_o branch_n of_o some_o vessel_n be_v big_a than_o the_o very_a trunk_n which_o produce_v they_o say_v that_o this_o may_v be_v cause_v by_o a_o distemper_n and_o experience_n daily_o demonstrate_v by_o the_o pulsation_n which_o happen_v in_o inflammation_n by_o the_o glandes_n which_o appear_v in_o the_o scrofula_fw-la and_o by_o the_o vein_n which_o discover_v themselves_o in_o the_o eye_n by_o the_o opthalmia_fw-la that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o thing_n which_o a_o distemper_n render_v visible_a and_o sensible_a by_o augment_v they_o or_o change_v their_o nature_n and_o make_v they_o to_o become_v hard_a and_o dense_a from_o soft_a and_o rare_a as_o they_o be_v which_o we_o have_v observe_v in_o the_o glandes_n which_o in_o some_o gazellas_fw-la or_o antelopes_n have_v seem_v to_o make_v the_o parenchyma_n of_o their_o liver_n which_o appear_v not_o in_o other_o we_o vain_o seek_v in_o the_o stomach_n and_o lung_n of_o our_o lion_n some_o mark_n of_o the_o cause_n of_o its_o death_n which_o be_v tell_v we_o happeen_v after_o the_o void_a a_o great_a deal_n of_o blood_n through_o the_o throat_n but_o we_o judge_v by_o several_a circumstance_n which_o have_v be_v relate_v that_o a_o surfeit_n extraordinary_a and_o insupportable_a to_o a_o animal_n otherwise_o weaken_v have_v make_v he_o sick_a for_o we_o know_v that_o sometime_o before_o his_o death_n he_o be_v several_a month_n without_o go_v out_o of_o his_o den_n and_o that_o it_o be_v hard_a to_o make_v he_o eat_v that_o for_o this_o reason_n some_o remedy_n be_v prescribe_v to_o he_o and_o among_o other_o the_o eat_v only_o the_o flesh_n of_o young_a animal_n and_o those_o alive_a and_o that_o those_o which_o look_v to_o the_o beast_n of_o the_o park_n of_o vincennes_n to_o make_v this_o food_n more_o delicate_a do_v use_v a_o method_n very_o extraordinary_a which_o be_v they_o flay_v lamb_n alive_a and_o thus_o they_o make_v he_o to_o eat_v several_a which_o at_o the_o first_o revive_v he_o by_o create_v he_o a_o appetite_n and_o make_v he_o brisk_a but_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o food_n engender_v too_o much_o blood_n and_o which_o be_v too_o subtle_a for_o a_o animal_n to_o who_o nature_n have_v not_o give_v the_o industry_n of_o flay_v those_o which_o he_o eat_v it_o be_v credible_a that_o the_o hair_n wool_n feather_n and_o scale_n which_o all_o animal_n of_o prey_n do_v swallow_n be_v a_o season_n and_o necessary_a corrective_a to_o prevent_v their_o greediness_n from_o fill_v they_o with_o a_o too_o succuleut_fw-fr food_n the_o explanation_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o lioness_n the_o posture_n be_v such_o that_o it_o be_v easy_a to_o remark_n what_o be_v most_o particular_a in_o this_o lioness_n the_o head_n be_v sideways_o the_o better_a to_o demonstrate_v the_o length_n of_o her_o chap_n which_o be_v not_o short_a and_o well-set_a like_o the_o lion_n it_o do_v likewise_o more_o distinct_o show_v the_o smallness_n of_o the_o neck_n which_o make_v the_o head_n to_o be_v shrink_v between_o the_o shoulder_n in_o the_o part_n which_o the_o dissection_n discover_v a._n the_o pylorus_n b._n the_o bottom_n of_o stomach_n separate_v from_o the_o rest_n and_o make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o other_o ventricle_n such_o as_o be_v in_o animal_n which_o chew_v the_o cud._n c_o c._n the_o vena_fw-la gastrica_fw-la d._n the_o spleen_n e_o e._n the_o several_a eminency_n towards_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o heart_n compose_v of_o a_o hard_a and_o tenacious_a
be_v colour_v and_o of_o a_o brisk_a red_a which_o be_v the_o colour_n of_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o skin_n which_o appear_v among_o the_o grain_n the_o rest_n of_o this_o skin_n not_o enlighten_v by_o the_o sun_n and_o which_o be_v of_o a_o pale_a grace_n than_o ordinary_a resemble_a cloth_n make_v of_o mixt-coloured_n wool_n for_o some_o of_o the_o grain_n be_v see_v of_o a_o grey_a somewhat_o greenish_a other_o of_o a_o minime_fw-la grace_n othrs_n of_o the_o common_a bluish_a grace_n the_o ground_n remain_v as_o before_o when_o the_o sun_n do_v not_o shine_v the_o first_o grace_n come_v again_o by_o little_a and_o little_a and_o spread_v itself_o all_o over_o the_o body_n except_o under_o the_o foot_n which_o continue_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n but_o a_o little_o brown_a and_o when_o be_v in_o this_o state_n some_o of_o the_o company_n handle_v it_o to_o observe_v something_o there_o immediate_o appear_v on_o its_o shoulder_n and_o foreleg_n several_a very_a blackish_a spot_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o one_o nail_n which_o happen_v not_o when_o it_o be_v handle_v by_o those_o that_o look_v after_o it_o sometime_o it_o be_v mark_v with_o brown_a spot_n which_o incline_v to_o a_o green._n we_o afterward_o wrap_v it_o up_o in_o a_o linen_n cloth_n where_o have_v be_v two_o or_o three_o minute_n we_o take_v it_o out_o whiteish_a but_o not_o so_o white_a as_o that_o of_o which_o aldrovandus_n speak_v which_o be_v not_o to_o be_v see_v by_o become_v exact_o like_o the_o linen_n on_o which_o it_o be_v lay_v we_o which_o have_v only_o change_v its_o ordinary_a grace_n into_o a_o very_a pale_a one_o after_o have_v keep_v this_o colour_n sometime_o lose_v it_o insensible_o this_o experiment_n make_v we_o question_v if_o it_o be_v true_a that_o the_o chameleon_n take_v all_o colour_n except_o white_a as_o theophrastus_n and_o plutrach_n report_n for_o we_o seem_v to_o have_v such_o a_o disposition_n to_o receive_v this_o colour_n that_o it_o wax_v pale_a every_o night_n and_o when_o it_o be_v dead_a it_o have_v more_o white_a than_o any_o other_o colour_n we_o do_v not_o find_v likewise_o that_o it_o change_v colour_n all_o over_o the_o body_n as_o aristotle_n report_v for_o when_o it_o take_v other_o colour_n than_o its_o grey_a and_o disguise_n itself_o to_o go_v in_o masquerade_n as_o aelian_a say_v pleasant_o it_o cover_v only_o certain_a part_n of_o its_o body_n therewith_o last_o to_o conclude_v the_o experiment_n of_o the_o colour_n which_o the_o chameleon_n can_v take_v it_o be_v lay_v on_o thing_n of_o various_a colour_n and_o wrap_v up_o there_o in_o but_o it_o take_v not_o they_o as_o it_o have_v do_v the_o white_a and_o it_o take_v that_o only_o the_o first_o time_n it_o be_v make_v although_o it_o be_v several_a time_n repeat_v on_o different_a 〈◊〉_d in_o make_v these_o experiment_n we_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o place_n of_o its_o skin_n which_o grow_v brown_a but_o very_o little_a at_o any_o time_n to_o be_v more_o certain_a thereof_o we_o mark_v with_o little_a point_n of_o ink_n those_o grain_n which_o to_o we_o appear_v most_o white_a when_o it_o wax_v pale_a and_o we_o always_o find_v that_o when_o it_o grow_v brown_a and_o its_o skin_n spot_v those_o grain_n which_o we_o have_v mark_v be_v always_o less_o brown_a than_o the_o rest_n it_o be_v head_n resemble_v that_o of_o a_o fish_n be_v very_o close_o join_v to_o the_o breast_n and_o by_o a_o very_a short_a neck_n which_o be_v cover_v on_o the_o side_n with_o two_o cartilagineous_a rise_n which_o resemble_v the_o gills_o of_o fish._n there_o be_v a_o crest_n erect_v just_a upon_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n and_o two_o other_o crest_n over_o the_o eye_n turn_v like_o a_o saint_n longways_o between_o these_o three_o crest_n there_o be_v two_o cavitys_n along_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o head._n it_o be_v nose_n make_v a_o obtuse_a point_n and_o there_o be_v two_o edge_n which_o reach_v from_o the_o â—…ye-brows_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o nose_n and_o which_o make_v it_o to_o resemble_v that_o of_o a_o frogg_n aristotle_n say_v that_o it_o be_v like_a to_o the_o choeropithecus_fw-la which_o be_v a_o unknown_a animal_n the_o name_n whereof_o show_v its_o derivation_n to_o be_v from_o a_o apâ—…_n and_o hog_n but_o the_o nose_n of_o our_o chameleon_n resemble_v neither_o that_o of_o the_o ape_n nor_o of_o the_o hog_n for_o the_o low_a jaw_n stand_v out_o far_o than_o the_o upper_a which_o be_v quite_o different_a from_o the_o snout_n of_o a_o hog_n at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o nose_n there_o be_v a_o hole_n on_o each_o side_n like_o a_o nostril_n belonius_a seem_v to_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o these_o hole_n do_v likewise_o serve_v for_o the_o hear_v and_o that_o so_o rational_o that_o alcmaeon_n say_v by_o the_o report_n of_o aristotle_n that_o goat_n do_v breath_n through_o the_o ear_n which_o be_v a_o thing_n aelian_a say_v aught_o to_o be_v believe_v only_o by_o the_o goatheard_n although_o tulpius_n in_o his_o observation_n assure_v we_o that_o in_o man_n himself_o there_o be_v find_v a_o passage_n which_o convey_v the_o air_n into_o the_o mouth_n through_o the_o ear_n the_o truth_n be_v that_o our_o chameleon_n have_v no_o other_o hole_n in_o the_o head_n but_o these_o two_o nostril_n through_o which_o it_o be_v probable_a it_o breathe_v because_o that_o its_o mouth_n be_v common_o so_o close_o shut_v that_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v none_o it_o be_v two_o jaw_n be_v join_v by_o a_o almost_o unperceivable_a line_n although_o solinus_n write_v that_o its_o mouth_n be_v always_o open_a which_o may_v make_v we_o to_o think_v that_o solinus_n and_o the_o genrality_n of_o those_o which_o have_v describe_v the_o chameleon_n never_o see_v one_o alive_a for_o they_o do_v make_v the_o mouth_n open_a which_o be_v not_o usual_a but_o 〈◊〉_d it_o be_v dead_a these_o jaw_n be_v furnish_v with_o tooth_n or_o rather_o with_o a_o dentillate_v or_o indent_a bone_n which_o to_o we_o appear_v not_o at_o all_o serviceable_a to_o it_o in_o eat_v because_o that_o it_o swallow_v the_o fly_n and_o other_o infect_v which_o it_o catch_v without_o chew_v they_o aelian_a say_n that_o it_o defend_v itself_o against_o the_o serpent_n by_o the_o help_n of_o a_o great_a stick_n which_o it_o take_v in_o its_o mouth_n and_o its_o probable_a that_o its_o tooth_n may_v serve_v to_o hold_v it_o fast_o but_o it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o it_o hold_v it_o crosswise_o to_o hinder_v the_o serpent_n from_o swallow_v he_o up_o as_o it_o usual_o do_v frog_n and_o lizard_n whole_a for_o there_o be_v no_o possibility_n of_o explain_v this_o place_n of_o aelian_a as_o gesner_n and_o aldrovandus_n do_v who_o think_v that_o the_o chameleon_n make_v use_v of_o this_o stick_v as_o of_o a_o buckler_n or_o sword_n wherewith_o it_o defend_v itself_o against_o the_o serpent_n as_o a_o fencer_n will_v do_v for_o it_o be_v not_o nimble_a enough_o for_o that_o the_o mouth_n be_v slit_v after_o a_o peculiar_a manner_n for_o whereas_o other_o animal_n have_v general_o the_o open_n of_o the_o lip_n much_o less_o than_o that_o of_o the_o jaw_n the_o lip_n of_o our_o chameleon_n be_v slit_v beyond_o the_o jaw_n the_o length_n of_o two_o line_n and_o this_o continuation_n of_o the_o slit_n descend_v oblique_o downward_o the_o form_n structure_n and_o motion_n of_o its_o eye_n have_v something_o very_o peculiar_a they_o be_v very_o large_a contain_v above_o five_o line_n in_o diameter_n they_o appear_v spherical_a jut_v out_o full_a half_n of_o their_o ball_n which_o be_v cover_v with_o one_o single_a eyelid_n make_v like_o a_o cap_n pierce_v with_o a_o hole_n through_o the_o middle_n this_o hole_n not_o exceed_v one_o line_n in_o breadth_n through_o this_o little_a hole_n the_o pupilla_fw-la which_o be_v brisk_a and_o clear_a and_o surround_v as_o it_o be_v with_o a_o little_a golden_a circle_n be_v easy_o enough_o perceive_v although_o aristotle_n say_v that_o this_o circle_n can_v be_v discern_v till_o after_o that_o the_o eyelid_n be_v take_v away_o by_o dissection_n this_o eyelid_n be_v rough_a like_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o skin_n and_o when_o the_o body_n variegated_a itself_o into_o several_a colour_n make_v spot_n which_o be_v at_o different_a time_n of_o different_a figure_n those_o of_o the_o eye_n always_o remain_v of_o the_o same_o sort_n for_o the_o bar_n or_o streak_n tinge_v with_o that_o colour_n which_o come_v over_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n part_v from_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o eyelidd_a as_o from_o a_o centre_n and_o be_v extend_v towards_o the_o circumference_n like_o ray_n the_o forepart_n of_o the_o eye_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o lid_n which_o neither_o raise_v nor_o shut_v down_o itself_o as_o in_o other_o creature_n who_o
manner_n of_o change_a colour_n according_a to_o its_o passion_n be_v altogether_o as_o capable_a of_o employ_v their_o witt._n for_o to_o demonstrate_v that_o flatterer_n want_v sincerity_n and_o that_o vain_a and_o ambitious_a spirit_n feed_v on_o chimaera_n it_o be_v not_o necessary_a to_o be_v true_a that_o the_o chameleon_n take_v all_o colour_n but_o white_a and_o that_o it_o live_v only_o on_o air_n and_o one_o may_v find_v as_o much_o ground_n but_o with_o more_o truth_n to_o moralize_v on_o this_o that_o the_o chameleon_n which_o be_v without_o ear_n and_o almost_o without_o motion_n in_o most_o of_o its_o part_n have_v nimbleness_n only_o in_o the_o tongue_n which_o let_v nothing_o escape_v it_o and_o in_o the_o eye_n which_o can_v see_v all_o way_n at_o once_o naturalist_n will_v likewise_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n to_o do_v before_o that_o they_o have_v clear_o domonstrate_v from_o whence_o proceed_v the_o necessity_n which_o nature_n have_v impose_v on_o all_o other_o animal_n of_o move_a both_o eye_n together_o after_o one_o manner_n for_o the_o chameleon_n show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o the_o join_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n which_o cause_v this_o necessity_n as_o many_o be_v of_o opinion_n they_o will_v also_o have_v trouble_n enough_o to_o tell_v what_o power_n do_v so_o far_o push_v out_o and_o almost_o at_o the_o same_o instant_n draw_v back_o this_o tongue_n and_o even_o to_o produce_v instance_n like_o it_o for_o the_o move_a of_o the_o muscle_n which_o be_v attribute_v to_o the_o different_a position_n of_o their_o fibre_n which_o make_v they_o contract_n and_o extend_v be_v nothing_o proportionable_a to_o the_o quickness_n of_o the_o motion_n of_o this_o tongue_n nor_o to_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o space_n which_o it_o run_v through_o for_o when_o our_o hand_n be_v carry_v swift_o for_o the_o space_n of_o seven_o inch_n which_o be_v what_o we_o have_v observe_v the_o chameleon_n tongue_n to_o move_v the_o contract_n of_o the_o muscle_n which_o give_v this_o motion_n to_o the_o hand_n do_v never_o exceed_v the_o length_n of_o two_o line_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o forty_o part_n of_o the_o contraction_n of_o this_o tongue_n and_o though_o there_o be_v some_o colour_n to_o say_v that_o it_o be_v thrust_v out_o and_o if_o i_o may_v so_o say_v spit_v out_o by_o the_o effort_n of_o the_o wind_n wherewith_o the_o lung_n be_v swell_v and_o that_o it_o be_v draw_v back_o by_o the_o nerve_n which_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o trunk_n which_o have_v be_v stretch_v out_o by_o this_o effort_n make_v it_o to_o return_v back_o to_o its_o first_o state_n and_o sudden_o draw_v in_o the_o tongue_n there_o be_v yet_o this_o difficulty_n that_o this_o can_v be_v perform_v without_o a_o great_a deal_n of_o noise_n and_o we_o have_v obseruthat_o this_o dart_v out_o of_o the_o tongue_n cause_v not_o the_o least_o it_o be_v likewise_o a_o very_a difficult_a thing_n to_o imagine_v what_o become_v of_o this_o nervous_a substance_n which_o fill_v the_o middle_a of_o the_o trunk_n to_o which_o its_o tongue_n be_v fasten_v and_o where_o it_o can_v dispose_v itself_o when_o it_o be_v draw_v into_o the_o mouth_n for_o when_o it_o be_v there_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n do_v almost_o touch_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o cartilaginous_a stylus_fw-la on_o which_o suppose_v the_o membrane_n of_o the_o trunk_n to_o be_v fold_v and_o draw_v on_o as_o have_v be_v say_v that_o nerve_n can_v be_v draw_v on_o after_o the_o same_o manner_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v too_o solid_a and_o compact_a and_o this_o solidity_n hinder_v we_o also_o from_o think_v that_o it_o shrink_v and_o as_o it_o be_v enter_v into_o itself_o to_o retire_v from_o the_o six_o inch_n in_o length_n which_o it_o have_v when_o extend_v to_o that_o of_o a_o line_n to_o which_o it_o be_v reduce_v be_v contract_v it_o can_v be_v say_v that_o it_o bend_v like_o the_o neck_n of_o a_o tortoise_n when_o it_o draw_v its_o head_n into_o its_o shell_n because_o that_o this_o bend_n be_v perform_v by_o the_o assistance_n of_o divers_a muscle_n which_o do_v bend_v this_o neck_n compose_v of_o several_a vertebra_n and_o that_o such_o organ_n be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o camelion_n tongue_n the_o tongue_n which_o the_o wood-pecker_n shoot_v out_o a_o great_a way_n beyond_o its_o beak_n have_v organ_n also_o who_o substance_n be_v much_o fit_a for_o this_o action_n than_o that_o of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o chameleon_n for_o there_o be_v very_o long_a muscle_n bend_v over_o the_o head_n which_o consist_v of_o fleshy_a part_n have_v a_o aptitude_n to_o extend_v and_o contract_v themselves_o which_o in_o their_o great_a length_n may_v produce_v a_o considerable_a extension_n and_o contraction_n so_o that_o we_o may_v say_v that_o this_o so_o strange_a a_o motion_n of_o the_o chameleon_n tongue_n do_v somewhat_o resemble_v that_o of_o the_o horn_n of_o a_o snail_n and_o that_o so_o great_a a_o length_n as_o this_o be_v reduce_v almost_o to_o nothing_o in_o this_o trunk_n by_o the_o increase_n of_o its_o thickness_n and_o by_o a_o great_a dilatation_n cause_v by_o the_o powerful_a and_o sudden_a rarefaction_n of_o the_o black_a and_o thick_a blood_n which_o appear_v unequal_o disperse_v through_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o the_o trunk_n yet_o that_o do_v not_o sufficient_o explain_v the_o thing_n because_o that_o if_o the_o rarefaction_n cause_v the_o dilatation_n which_o make_v the_o contraction_n it_o can_v afterward_o produce_v the_o extension_n in_o the_o same_o organ_n and_o it_o be_v to_o be_v suppose_v that_o the_o extension_n proceed_v from_o the_o rarefaction_n which_o be_v make_v in_o one_o of_o the_o two_o part_n of_o which_o this_o trunk_n be_v compose_v viz._n in_o the_o nerve_n which_o be_v in_o the_o middle_n and_o that_o the_o contraction_n happen_v when_o the_o rarefaction_n be_v make_v in_o the_o other_o part_n viz._n in_o the_o membrane_n which_o be_v without_o it_o by_o mean_n of_o a_o different_a situation_n of_o the_o fibre_n in_o the_o one_o and_o other_o of_o these_o part_n so_o as_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o extend_v and_o contract_n of_o the_o tongue_n of_o other_o animal_n be_v perform_v but_o the_o bigness_n and_o fleshy_a substance_n of_o other_o tongue_n be_v disposition_n to_o perform_v these_o action_n which_o be_v whole_o want_v in_o that_o of_o a_o chameleon_n although_o this_o effect_n they_o with_o incomparable_o more_o force_n which_o make_v that_o motion_n marvellous_a and_o difficult_a to_o comprehend_v but_o above_o all_o the_o change_n of_o colour_n will_v a_o long_a time_n detain_v the_o curious_a before_o they_o will_v discover_v the_o cause_n and_o be_v able_a to_o determine_v whether_o it_o be_v do_v by_o reflection_n as_o solinus_n think_v or_o by_o suffusion_n as_o seneca_n be_v of_o opinion_n or_o by_o the_o change_n of_o the_o disposition_n of_o the_o particle_n which_o do_v compose_v its_o skin_n according_a to_o the_o doctrine_n of_o the_o 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least_o of_o those_o whereof_o the_o arm_n be_v compose_v after_o have_v make_v these_o remark_n we_o find_v that_o the_o skeleton_n and_o skin_n which_o be_v lay_v up_o retain_v for_o some_o time_n a_o strong_a scent_n incline_v much_o to_o that_o of_o fish_n begin_n to_o stink_n and_o that_o this_o ill_a smell_n as_o these_o part_n grow_v dry_a be_v change_v into_o a_o sweet_a and_o agreeable_a smell_n very_o like_o that_o of_o the_o root_n of_o the_o iris_n and_o violett_n flower_n and_o that_o at_o last_o all_o the_o odour_n evaporate_v when_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o humidity_n be_v consume_v as_o for_o the_o knowledge_n of_o the_o incredible_a virtue_n which_o the_o superstition_n of_o the_o ancient_n have_v attribute_v to_o the_o chameleon_n and_o of_o which_o pliny_n say_v that_o democritus_n have_v write_v a_o whole_a book_n they_o be_v so_o extravagant_a in_o the_o judgement_n even_o of_o pliny_n that_o we_o refer_v ourselves_o to_o his_o opinion_n thereof_o and_o without_o 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there_o may_v be_v see_v the_o height_n of_o the_o bunch_n which_o it_o have_v upon_o the_o back_n and_o which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n compose_v of_o long_a hair_n which_o stand_v upright_o there_o be_v also_o see_v the_o four_o kind_n of_o callosity_n which_o be_v at_o the_o part_n on_o which_o it_o rest_v itself_o when_o it_o lie_v down_o viz._n the_o two_o callosity_n of_o the_o foreleg_n that_o of_o the_o thigh_n and_o that_o of_o the_o breast_n its_o foot_n be_v likewise_o so_o raise_v that_o they_o do_v present_v a_o part_n of_o the_o sole_a to_o the_o eye_n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a._n the_o first_o and_o great_a of_o the_o four_o ventricles_n t._n the_o oesophagus_n b._n the_o second_o ventricle_n c._n the_o three_o d._n the_o four_o e._n the_o pylorus_n f_o f_o f._n the_o second_o ventricle_n cut_v in_o four_o g._n the_o hole_n which_o be_v the_o passage_n of_o the_o first_o and_o great_a ventricle_n into_o the_o second_o h_o h_o h_o h._n the_o hole_n of_o the_o sack_n which_o be_v between_o the_o coat_n of_o the_o second_o ventricle_n i._o the_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la k._n the_o sole_a of_o the_o foot_n which_o be_v solid_a and_o cover_v with_o a_o very_a soft_a and_o delicate_a skin_n l._n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o foot_n which_o be_v a_o little_a cleave_a m._n the_o penis_n n_o o._n the_o tongue_n o_o p._n the_o part_n which_o be_v rough_a from_o the_o inside_n to_o the_o end_n by_o reason_n of_o a_o abundance_n of_o little_a point_a eminency_n n_o q._n that_o which_o have_v the_o great_a eminency_n turn_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o the_o little_a one_o q_o p._n that_o which_o have_v likewise_o great_a eminency_n but_o which_o be_v turn_v opposite_a to_o the_o little_a one_o q._n the_o centre_n of_o the_o great_a eminency_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o dromedary_n this_o animal_n here_o describe_v we_o call_v a_o dromedary_n although_o the_o common_a practice_n be_v to_o give_v the_o name_n of_o camel_n simple_o to_o that_o which_o like_v it_o have_v but_o one_o bunch_n on_o the_o back_n and_o of_o dromedary_n to_o that_o which_o have_v two_o according_a to_o solinus_n but_o contrary_a to_o what_o aristotle_n and_o pliny_n and_o the_o generality_n of_o author_n have_v write_v thereof_o who_o do_v make_v two_o sort_n of_o camel_n whereof_o one_o which_o retain_v the_o name_n of_o the_o genus_fw-la have_v two_o bunch_n and_o be_v most_o common_o find_v in_o the_o eastern_a part_n of_o asia_n and_o be_v therefore_o call_v bactrianus_n it_o be_v also_o big_a and_o more_o proper_a to_o carry_v heavy_a burden_n the_o other_o which_o be_v lesser_o and_o fit_a for_o the_o course_n and_o which_o for_o this_o reason_n be_v call_v dromedary_n have_v but_o one_o bunch_n and_o be_v most_o common_o see_v in_o the_o western_a part_n of_o asia_n viz._n in_o syria_n and_o arabia_n the_o sieur_n dipi_fw-la a_o arabian_a who_o be_v present_a at_o our_o dissection_n inform_v we_o that_o the_o camel_n of_o his_o country_n be_v like_a to_o we_o it_o be_v seven_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a high_a from_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n to_o the_o foot_n five_o and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o high_a bend_v of_o the_o backbone_n which_o be_v the_o bunch_n six_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o stomach_n to_o the_o tail_n of_o which_o all_o the_o knot_n or_o vertebra_n be_v fourteen_o inch_n together_o and_o all_o the_o tail_n comprehend_v the_o hair_n two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a the_o head_n be_v one_o and_o twenty_o inch_n from_o the_o hinder-part_n to_o the_o nose_n the_o hair_n be_v of_o a_o fawn-colour_n incline_v a_o little_a to_o a_o ash-colour_n it_o be_v very_o soft_a to_o the_o touch_n moderate_o short_a and_o somewhat_o short_a than_o a_o ox_n except_v some_o place_n where_o it_o be_v long_o as_o on_o the_o head_n under_o the_o throat_n and_o on_o the_o forepart_n of_o the_o neck_n but_o the_o long_a be_v on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_n where_o it_o be_v near_o a_o foot_n in_o this_o place_n although_o it_o be_v very_o soft_a and_o limber_a it_o stand_v erect_v so_o that_o it_o make_v the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o bunch_n of_o the_o back_n which_o when_o this_o hair_n be_v press_v down_o with_o the_o hand_n hardly_o appear_v more_o elevate_v than_o a_o dog_n or_o swine_n which_o be_v animal_n that_o have_v not_o the_o back_o sink_v as_o horse_n cow_n and_o staggs_n generaly_a have_v and_o indeed_o there_o be_v some_o author_n which_o do_v say_v that_o the_o dromedary_n be_v engender_v of_o the_o camel_n and_o hogg_n this_o be_v very_o repugnant_a to_o aristotle_n who_o assert_n that_o there_o be_v no_o animal_n which_o have_v the_o back_o bunch_a like_o the_o camel._n some_o author_n do_v say_v that_o this_o bunch_n be_v a_o flesh_n peculiar_a to_o this_o animal_n which_o rise_v upon_o the_o back_n over_o the_o vertebra_n and_o which_o waste_v away_o when_o after_o a_o long_a abstinence_n from_o food_n it_o grow_v extraordinary_a lean_a but_o we_o find_v not_o any_o appearance_n of_o this_o flesh_n in_o our_o subject_n although_o it_o be_v not_o lean_a and_o without_o this_o flesh_n the_o bunch_n which_o be_v make_v only_o by_o the_o hair_n be_v much_o raise_v as_o be_v see_v in_o the_o figure_n beside_o these_o two_o sort_n of_o hair_n viz._n the_o long_a which_o be_v upon_o the_o back_n head_n and_o neck_n and_o the_o short_a which_o cover_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n there_o be_v likewise_o a_o three_o sort_n at_o the_o tail_n which_o differ_v from_o the_o other_o as_o well_o in_o bigness_n as_o colour_n be_v grace_n and_o very_a strong_a and_o altogether_o like_o the_o hair_n of_o a_o horse_n tail._n the_o head_n be_v little_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o body_n the_o nose_n be_v cleave_v like_o a_o hare_n and_o the_o tooth_n like_v to_o those_o of_o other_o animal_n which_o do_v chew_v the_o cud_n have_v no_o dentes_fw-la canini_n nor_o incisore_n in_o the_o upper_a jaw_n although_o the_o head_n want_v the_o horn_n which_o nature_n have_v give_v and_o bestow_v on_o the_o great_a of_o those_o which_o do_v chew_v the_o cud._n cardan_n say_v that_o it_o have_v recompense_v this_o defect_n of_o the_o camel_n by_o arm_v its_o foot_n which_o have_v hoof_n like_o those_o of_o ox_n according_a to_o pliny_n but_o that_o be_v not_o find_v for_o it_o have_v neither_o horn_n nor_o hoof_n on_o the_o foot_n which_o can_v render_v they_o dangerous_a each_o foot_n be_v furnish_v only_o with_o two_o little_a nail_n at_o the_o end_n and_o the_o sole_a which_o be_v flat_a and_o broad_a be_v very_o fleshy_a and_o cover_v only_o with_o a_o soft_a thick_a and_o somewhat_o callous_a skin_n but_o very_o fit_a and_o proper_a to_o travel_v in_o sandy_a
on_o the_o heel_n which_o by_o reason_n hereof_o be_v cover_v with_o hair_n like_o the_o leg_n and_o have_v no_o callosity_n nor_o that_o kind_n of_o particular_a skin_n which_o defend_v the_o sole_a of_o the_o foot_n and_o which_o leave_v its_o print_n on_o the_o place_n where_o it_o have_v go_v on_o the_o contrary_a its_o paw_n have_v as_o it_o be_v a_o heel_n that_o callosity_n which_o be_v in_o the_o palm_n of_o the_o paw_n be_v interrupt_v by_o the_o hairy_a skin_n to_o begin_v another_o callosity_n a_o little_a high_o in_o a_o word_n the_o finger_n of_o the_o paw_n be_v likewise_o very_o ill_o shape_v and_o unfit_a for_o their_o use_n be_v great_a short_a and_o fasten_v to_o each_o other_o as_o in_o the_o foot_n the_o substance_n of_o these_o part_n be_v not_o less_o particular_a nor_o less_o remarkable_a than_o their_o structure_n pliny_n and_o plutarch_n do_v report_n that_o it_o be_v a_o excellent_a food_n and_o michael_n herus_fw-la say_v that_o in_o germany_n they_o be_v even_o at_o present_a reserve_v for_o prince_n table_n at_o which_o the_o paw_n of_o the_o bear_n be_v serve_v up_o salt_v and_o smoke_v we_o observe_v that_o this_o substance_n good_a to_o eat_v be_v a_o fat_a ligament_n very_o white_a and_o delicate_a about_o two_o finger_n thick_a which_o be_v on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o paw_n and_o foot_n and_o it_o be_v questionable_a whether_o it_o be_v not_o probable_a that_o there_o may_v proceed_v some_o moisture_n from_o this_o part_n which_o have_v occasion_v aelian_a and_o pliny_n to_o say_v that_o the_o bear_n live_v forty_o day_n by_o lick_v only_o its_o right_a foot._n the_o claw_n of_o the_o two_o bear_n which_o we_o dissect_v be_v fasten_v to_o the_o last_o phalanx_n of_o the_o toe_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o the_o lion_n have_v by_o the_o particular_a structure_n of_o this_o article_n or_o joint_n which_o we_o have_v describe_v in_o the_o lion_n the_o faculty_n of_o hold_v its_o claw_n elevate_v in_o its_o march_n to_o preserve_v the_o point_n thereof_o but_o it_o appear_v that_o our_o bear_n have_v neglect_v to_o use_v this_o faculty_n because_o that_o their_o claw_n be_v half_o wear_v away_o they_o be_v black_a and_o much_o lesser_a than_o in_o the_o lion_n as_o may_v be_v judge_v by_o what_o remain_v the_o manner_n how_o these_o claw_n be_v wear_v demonstrate_v that_o their_o substance_n be_v very_o different_a from_o that_o of_o the_o lion_n for_o in_o the_o lion_n which_o we_o dissect_v the_o claw_n be_v also_o somewhat_o wear_v on_o one_o paw_n but_o as_o fibrous_a wood_n will_v wear_v whereas_o those_o of_o the_o bear_n be_v like_o iron_n that_o be_v to_o say_v that_o the_o claw_n of_o the_o lion_n be_v compose_v of_o separable_a fibre_n by_o reason_n that_o they_o be_v of_o a_o heterogeneous_a substance_n and_o that_o the_o claw_n of_o the_o bear_n be_v of_o a_o more_o even_a and_o more_o compact_a substance_n the_o tooth_n be_v like_a to_o those_o of_o the_o lion_n save_v that_o they_o be_v much_o less_o therefore_o it_o be_v say_v that_o it_o use_v only_o its_o paw_n to_o break_v the_o net_n and_o rend_v the_o snare_n of_o the_o hunter_n because_o that_o the_o bigness_n and_o thickness_n of_o its_o lip_n hinder_v it_o from_o use_v its_o tooth_n these_o lip_n have_v also_o a_o very_a extraordinary_a shape_n the_o low_a one_o be_v wrinkle_v and_o cut_v from_o the_o two_o corner_n like_o a_o cock_n combe_n the_o length_n of_o the_o whole_a body_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o muzzle_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o toe_n be_v eight_o foot_n three_o inch_n five_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o tail_n which_o be_v five_o inch_n and_o one_o foot_n five_o inch_n to_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n which_o be_v flat_a and_o make_v a_o angle_n with_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o forepart_n direct_v from_o the_o sutura_fw-la lamdoide_v at_o the_o middle_n of_o which_o abut_v a_o crest_n elevate_v like_o that_o of_o a_o helmet_n but_o much_o less_o than_o on_o the_o lion_n and_o from_o whence_o the_o crotaphitae_n which_o do_v likewise_o cover_v the_o head_n do_v also_o take_v their_o original_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n less_o fleshy_a the_o thorax_n be_v large_a than_o in_o the_o lion_n and_o also_o very_o long_o be_v compose_v of_o fourteen_o rib_n the_o neck_n be_v not_o short_a in_o proportion_n to_o its_o breadth_n like_o a_o hog_n as_o author_n do_v report_v for_o it_o have_v seven_o inch_n in_o breadth_n and_o nine_o in_o length_n the_o great_a thickness_n of_o the_o hair_n which_o surround_v and_o enlarge_v this_o neck_n be_v that_o which_o make_v it_o to_o appear_v short_a the_o os_fw-la femoris_fw-la or_o thigh-bone_n be_v proportionable_o long_o than_o it_o general_o be_v in_o brute_n and_o it_o be_v articulate_v with_o that_o of_o the_o leg_n by_o mean_n of_o a_o rotula_n which_o some_o author_n do_v say_v be_v find_v only_o in_o man._n the_o skin_n which_o be_v very_o hard_a and_o very_o thick_a on_o the_o back_n be_v find_v very_o thin_a and_o delicate_a under_o the_o belly_n the_o hair_n be_v not_o so_o harsh_a and_o stuborn_v as_o in_o the_o lion_n and_o wild-boar_n in_o some_o sort_n resemble_v wool_n more_o frizzle_v than_o the_o goat_n and_o much_o less_o than_o the_o sheep_n as_o for_o the_o internal_a part_n of_o the_o body_n the_o epiploon_n be_v very_o large_a but_o very_o lean_a like_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n which_o neither_o on_o the_o inside_n nor_o the_o outside_n have_v one_o scrap_n of_o fat_a which_o may_v be_v a_o effect_n of_o the_o distemper_n whereof_o it_o die_v the_o natural_a constitution_n of_o the_o animal_n be_v to_o be_v very_o fat_a and_o the_o winter_n be_v the_o season_n in_o which_o it_o grow_v fat_a the_o liver_n be_v vast_o great_a and_o divide_v into_o seven_o lobe_n one_o of_o which_o be_v much_o less_o than_o the_o rest_n the_o cystis_n fellea_n be_v not_o half_a so_o big_a as_o in_o the_o lion_n yet_o there_o be_v much_o gall_n diffuse_v on_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o circumjacent_a part_n the_o oesophagus_n which_o exceed_v not_o fourteen_o line_n in_o diameter_n and_o enlarge_v not_o itself_o towards_o the_o superior_a orifice_n of_o the_o ventricle_n be_v outward_o very_o fleshy_a to_o the_o ventricle_n which_o be_v extreme_o small_a although_o aristotle_n affirm_v that_o the_o bear_n have_v it_o very_o large_a as_o well_o as_o the_o hogg_v which_o he_o say_v perhaps_o with_o all_o other_o author_n because_o that_o they_o have_v think_v that_o the_o bear_v be_v a_o great_a feeder_n must_v needs_o have_v a_o large_a ventricle_n in_o our_o subject_n it_o be_v not_o a_o foot_n in_o length_n and_o its_o great_a breadth_n which_o be_v towards_o the_o top_n exceed_v not_o six_o inch_n and_o two_o and_o a_o half_a towards_o the_o middle_n where_o it_o be_v contract_v to_o enlarge_v itself_o again_o in_o a_o second_o ventricle_n about_o three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a which_o be_v raise_v towards_o the_o pylorus_n the_o bottom_n of_o each_o ventricle_n be_v hard_a and_o three_o line_n thick_a and_o five_o towards_o the_o pylorus_n which_o be_v also_o hard_a their_o internal_a membrane_n be_v even_o as_o it_o usual_o be_v except_o that_o little_a roughness_n which_o we_o call_v the_o velvet_n but_o it_o somewhat_o resemble_v that_o of_o the_o ventricle_n of_o animal_n which_o chew_n the_o cud_n by_o reason_n of_o several_a eminency_n which_o it_o have_v like_v to_o those_o which_o do_v make_v the_o reticulum_fw-la and_o echinos_fw-mi but_o that_o these_o eminency_n have_v not_o in_o their_o shape_n the_o regularity_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o those_o animal_n as_o to_o the_o intestine_n it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o there_o be_v but_o one_o because_o there_o appear_v not_o the_o distinction_n which_o be_v observe_v in_o the_o generality_n of_o animal_n by_o the_o difference_n of_o their_o colour_n substance_n and_o bigness_n there_o be_v not_o likewise_o any_o sign_n of_o the_o caecum_fw-la noâ—…_n its_o appendix_n no_o more_o than_o of_o the_o wrinkle_n or_o cell_n at_o the_o colon._n they_o be_v in_o all_o forty_o foot_n long_o where_o as_o those_o of_o the_o lion_n exceed_v not_o twenty_o five_o this_o uniformity_n of_o the_o intestine_n may_v have_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o theodorus_n gazas_fw-la put_v in_o the_o translation_n of_o aristotle_n aristotle_n book_n where_o he_o discourse_v of_o the_o intestine_n of_o the_o bear_n the_o singular_a intestinum_fw-la for_o the_o plural_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o particularity_n be_v unknown_a to_o scaliger_n when_o he_o reprove_v theodorus_n for_o take_v this_o liberty_n the_o spleen_n be_v small_a and_o thin_a be_v not_o above_o six_o inch_n long_o to_o two_o broad_a and_o
lustre_n of_o mother_n of_o pearl_n which_o be_v in_o terrestrial_a animal_n and_o which_o we_o do_v call_v the_o tapetum_fw-la but_o with_o colour_n less_o brisk_a the_o retina_fw-la be_v adorn_v with_o sanguinary_a vessel_n very_o apparent_a this_o fish_n be_v very_o fleshy_a and_o in_o several_a place_n we_o find_v fat_a above_o a_o inch_n thick_a which_o very_o much_o fortify_v the_o opinion_n of_o archestratus_n who_o in_o athenaeus_n averr_v that_o the_o sea-fox_n be_v that_o fish_n which_o those_o of_o syracuse_n do_v call_v cyna_n piona_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o abundance_n of_o fat_a which_o it_o have_v which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o epaenetus_n who_o say_v in_o the_o same_o author_n that_o cartilaginous_a fish_n have_v none_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o lupus_n cervarius_n or_o lynx_n that_o which_o be_v most_o considerable_a in_o the_o low_a figure_n be_v the_o black_a hair_n which_o make_v the_o tuft_n that_o each_o ear_n have_v at_o the_o tip_n and_o the_o roundness_n of_o the_o head_n as_o well_o as_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o shape_n of_o the_o animal_n which_o nothing_o participate_v of_o that_o of_o the_o wolf_n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a._n be_v one_o of_o the_o kidney_n as_o big_a as_o the_o life_n b_o c._n the_o tongue_n d_o d._n the_o integument_n of_o the_o low_a belly_n e_o e._n the_o liver_n f._n the_o gallbladder_n g._n the_o ventricle_n h._n the_o spleen_n i._o i._n i._n the_o vessel_n make_v that_o call_v the_o vas-breve_a k._n k._n k._n the_o epiploon_n l._n l._n l._n the_o intestine_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o lupus_n cervarius_n or_o lynx_n some_o author_n have_v think_v that_o this_o animal_n be_v call_v lupus_n cervarius_n from_o its_o figure_n and_o colour_n suppose_v that_o it_o have_v the_o shape_n of_o a_o wolf_n even_o as_o it_o in_o some_o measure_n resemble_v the_o stagg_n in_o the_o colour_n of_o its_o hair._n this_o very_a reason_n have_v make_v other_o to_o think_v that_o it_o be_v the_o thos_n of_o the_o ancient_n because_o oppian_n report_v that_o the_o thos_n have_v the_o form_n of_o its_o sire_n which_o be_v the_o wolf_n and_o colour_n of_o its_o dam_n which_o be_v the_o leopardess_n but_o the_o truth_n be_v that_o the_o lupus_n cervarius_n or_o lynx_n have_v nothing_o which_o resemble_v the_o wolf_n and_o the_o little_a resemblance_n which_o it_o take_v from_o the_o leopard_n or_o stagg_n be_v so_o common_a to_o a_o great_a many_o other_o animal_n that_o it_o be_v more_o probable_a as_o several_a believe_v that_o the_o name_n of_o lupus_n cervarius_n be_v give_v unto_o it_o because_o that_o it_o hunt_v staggs_n as_o the_o wolf_n devour_v sheep_n that_o which_o be_v dissect_v have_v not_o the_o nose_n long_o and_o point_a like_o the_o wolf_n but_o blunt_a and_o short_a which_o make_v it_o rather_o to_o resemble_v a_o cat._n the_o length_n of_o the_o whole_a head_n be_v seven_o inch_n that_o of_o the_o neck_n four_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n contain_v twenty_o four_o inch_n without_o comprehend_v the_o tail_n which_o have_v but_o eight_o the_o whole_a amount_v to_o three_o foot_n seven_o inch_n the_o height_n from_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o back_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o fore-paw_n be_v twenty_o inch_n and_o there_o be_v twenty_o three_o from_o the_o os_fw-la sacrum_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o hind-feet_n the_o fore-paw_n have_v five_o toe_n the_o hind-ones_a only_o four_o all_o these_o toe_n be_v arm_v with_o claw_n crooked_a point_a and_o articulate_v as_o in_o the_o lion_n bear_n tiger_n and_o cat_n which_o we_o have_v dissect_v the_o back_n be_v of_o a_o fox-red_n mark_v with_o black_a spot_n the_o belly_n and_o inside_n of_o the_o leg_n be_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n speckled_a also_o with_o black_a spot_n but_o different_o for_o the_o spot_n of_o the_o belly_n be_v large_a not_o so_o black_a nor_o so_o close_o to_o each_o other_o as_o those_o of_o the_o back_n leg_n and_o paw_n who_o outside_n be_v red_a like_o the_o back_n the_o great_a part_n of_o the_o hair_n viz._n that_o which_o appear_v red_a and_o that_o which_o appear_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n be_v indeed_o of_o three_o colour_n have_v the_o root_n of_o a_o dark-gray_n and_o the_o extremity_n white_a but_o this_o whiteness_n of_o the_o extremity_n take_v up_o so_o little_a a_o portion_n of_o the_o hair_n that_o it_o prevent_v not_o the_o see_v its_o principal_a colour_n which_o be_v that_o of_o the_o middle_n and_o it_o make_v the_o whole_a superficies_n of_o the_o body_n to_o appear_v only_o as_o if_o it_o be_v powder_v the_o hair_n which_o make_v the_o black_a spot_n be_v but_o of_o two_o colour_n have_v no_o white_a at_o the_o end_n and_o be_v only_o less_o black_a towards_o the_o root_n which_o nevertheless_o be_v brown_a than_o that_o of_o the_o other_o hair._n the_o dentes_fw-la canini_n which_o be_v four_o be_v eight_o line_n long_o in_o the_o upper-jaw_n the_o two_o of_o the_o lower-jaw_n but_o six_o between_o the_o canini_n there_o be_v in_o each_o jaw_n six_o incisore_n and_o those_o of_o the_o upper_a be_v likewise_o long_o than_o those_o of_o the_o low_a there_o be_v ten_o molares_fw-la five_o in_o each_o side_n viz._n two_o above_o and_o three_z below_z in_o each_o jaw_n the_o tongue_n be_v four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a broad_a it_o be_v cover_v with_o prick_n as_o in_o the_o lion_n and_o catt_n these_o point_n from_o the_o tip_n of_o the_o tongue_n to_o the_o middle_n be_v very_o hard_a and_o sharp_a and_o be_v turn_v towards_o the_o root_n of_o the_o tongue_n those_o which_o be_v from_o the_o root_n to_o the_o middle_n be_v turn_v contrary_a and_o be_v blunt_a and_o soft_a the_o ear_n which_o great_o resemble_v those_o of_o a_o cat_n have_v each_o on_o the_o tip_n which_o be_v point_v a_o tuft_n of_o very_a black_a hair_n which_o seem_v to_o we_o to_o be_v a_o character_n very_o particular_a to_o the_o lupus_n cervarius_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o several_a other_o animal_n which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o history_n of_o the_o ancient_n as_o the_o thos_n chaos_n and_o panther_n which_o modern_a author_n have_v take_v for_o the_o lupus_n cervarius_n but_o in_o none_o of_o which_o have_v there_o be_v observe_v this_o tuft_n which_o aelian_a report_n to_o be_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o ear_n of_o the_o lynx_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o we_o find_v it_o in_o our_o subject_n and_o in_o other_o lupi_fw-la cervarii_n which_o be_v in_o the_o park_n of_o vincennes_n it_o be_v very_o hard_a to_o conjecture_v why_o modern_a author_n have_v take_v the_o lupus_n cervarius_n for_o the_o thos_n of_o the_o ancient_n of_o which_o some_o as_o theocritus_n have_v only_o report_v it_o to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o wolf_n and_o other_o as_o homer_n that_o it_o eat_v staggs_n for_o it_o be_v pretend_v that_o this_o author_n have_v in_o some_o measure_n describe_v the_o nature_n of_o the_o thos_n by_o compare_v they_o to_o a_o multitude_n of_o trojan_n which_o press_v ulysses_n in_o a_o combat_n be_v put_v to_o flight_n by_o ajax_n who_o come_v to_o rescue_v they_o but_o by_o this_o comparison_n he_o give_v we_o to_o understand_v that_o the_o thos_n be_v weak_a and_o cowardly_a animal_n see_v that_o be_v assemble_v to_o eat_v a_o stagg_n which_o have_v be_v wound_v by_o a_o huntsman_n they_o do_v leave_v it_o to_o a_o lion_n which_o unexpected_o come_v upon_o they_o for_o this_o reason_n they_o be_v by_o the_o scholiast_n interpret_v pantheria_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o weak_a and_o timorous_a wolf_n aristotle_n and_o theocritus_n do_v likewise_o say_v that_o the_o thos_n resemble_v the_o wolf_n that_o he_o be_v swift-footed_a and_o leap_v a_o great_a way_n although_o he_o have_v short_a leg_n but_o there_o be_v other_o reason_n to_o make_v we_o believe_v that_o the_o lupus_n cervarius_n be_v not_o the_o thos_n which_o be_v much_o more_o powerful_a for_o beside_o our_o not_o find_v our_o lupus_n cervarius_n to_o have_v short_a leg_n the_o other_o mark_v also_o which_o the_o ancient_n do_v attribute_n to_o the_o thos_n be_v want_v in_o it_o have_v not_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o wolf_n as_o aristotle_n and_o oppian_n describe_v it_o not_o be_v weak_a and_o timorous_a as_o homer_n represent_v it_o not_o have_v another_o colour_n in_o the_o winter_n than_o in_o the_o summer_n nor_o be_v of_o the_o kind_n of_o animal_n which_o do_v love_v man_n which_o do_v he_o no_o harm_n and_o which_o do_v not_o avoid_v he_o for_o it_o be_v know_v that_o these_o character_n by_o which_o aristotle_n and_o pliny_n do_v represent_v the_o thos_n be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o lupus_fw-la cervarius_n and_o the_o great_a part_n be_v contrary_a to_o what_o
the_o heart_n and_o it_o be_v probable_a that_o the_o facility_n which_o the_o sea-calf_n have_v of_o dive_v a_o long_a time_n under_o water_n must_v rather_o be_v attribute_v to_o this_o particular_a formation_n of_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o lung_n than_o to_o the_o smallness_n of_o the_o lung_n which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o pliny_n allege_v between_o these_o two_o hole_n which_o be_v in_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la there_o be_v a_o membranous_a separation_n make_v by_o a_o fold_n of_o the_o interior_a coat_n of_o the_o vein_n in_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o heart_n and_o in_o the_o lung_n there_o be_v find_v great_a store_n of_o blood._n pliny_n report_v that_o these_o part_n in_o the_o sea-calf_n do_v contain_v less_o blood_n than_o in_o other_o animal_n this_o blood_n be_v keep_v congeal_v very_o firm_o aristotle_n and_o pliny_n do_v affirm_v that_o the_o bone_n of_o the_o sea-calf_n be_v cartilaginous_a we_o find_v that_o they_o be_v real_a bone_n very_o hard_o especial_o those_o of_o the_o cranium_fw-la the_o dura_n mater_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o skull_n and_o redouble_v to_o make_v the_o falx_n there_o be_v a_o bone_n between_o the_o cerebrum_fw-la and_o cerebellum_fw-la like_o as_o in_o dog_n and_o other_o animal_n which_o do_v live_v by_o rapine_n and_o which_o do_v eat_v flesh_n and_o not_o grass_n like_o the_o calf_n this_o bone_n be_v flat_a and_o point_a and_o not_o round_o and_o massy_a so_o as_o that_o which_o be_v find_v in_o the_o head_n of_o the_o lamantin_n which_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o sea-calf_n of_o the_o west-indies_n and_o which_o be_v hold_v to_o be_v a_o bone_n which_o have_v a_o peculiar_a virtue_n for_o dissolve_v the_o stone_n of_o the_o kidney_n and_o bladder_n the_o sinuosity_n and_o cavity_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v as_o in_o the_o calf_n but_o there_o be_v more_o of_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la proportionable_o than_o there_o be_v in_o the_o head_n of_o a_o calf_n which_o be_v unusual_a in_o fish_n which_o have_v very_o little_a cerebellum_fw-la the_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la be_v two_o line_n in_o length_n and_o little_a less_o in_o breadth_n naturallist_n have_v observe_v that_o this_o animal_n participate_v nothing_o of_o the_o stupidity_n of_o fish_n but_o that_o it_o equal_n the_o most_o subtle_a sagacity_n of_o terrestrial_a animal_n pliny_n testify_v that_o there_o be_v show_v some_o at_o rome_n which_o answer_v when_o they_o be_v call_v and_o which_o with_o voice_n and_o gesture_n salute_v the_o people_n in_o the_o theatre_n gomara_n make_v mention_n of_o a_o manati_n or_o sea-calf_n of_o the_o indies_n of_o a_o prodigious_a size_n which_o be_v tame_v do_v come_v when_o it_o be_v call_v by_o its_o name_n and_o carry_v ten_o man_n upon_o its_o back_n in_o a_o lake_n where_o a_o indian_a prince_n keep_v it_o aldrovandus_n report_n that_o he_o see_v one_o which_o do_v sing_v for_o the_o christian_a prince_n and_o not_o for_o the_o turk_n the_o crystalline_a be_v almost_o spherical_a after_o the_o usual_a manner_n of_o fish_n and_o the_o more_o convex_a part_n be_v before_o contrary_a to_o what_o be_v usual_a the_o whole_a choroide_n be_v besmear_v with_o a_o white_a and_o very_o opake_v substance_n in_o the_o retina_fw-la there_o be_v three_o branch_n of_o blood-vessel_n which_o do_v enter_v into_o the_o eye_n with_o the_o optic_a nerve_n and_o be_v spread_v over_o the_o whole_a membrane_n this_o optic_a nerve_n do_v enter_v into_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o its_o entrance_n be_v direct_o opposite_a to_o the_o crystalline_a these_o two_o remark_n be_v favourable_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o those_o which_o do_v hold_v that_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o visual_a species_n be_v make_v on_o the_o surface_n of_o the_o retina_fw-la and_o not_o the_o choroide_n because_o that_o the_o vessel_n which_o be_v spread_v into_o the_o retina_fw-la be_v lay_v upon_o the_o choroide_n must_v by_o reason_n of_o their_o opacity_n oppose_v the_o 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the_o humour_n be_v half_o suppurate_v in_o the_o eye_n of_o this_o subject_a there_o be_v not_o find_v the_o thousand_o colour_n which_o natualist_n report_v to_o be_v there_o observable_a the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o barbary_n cow._n the_o low_a figure_n be_v to_o discover_v the_o extraordinary_a length_n of_o the_o head_n the_o situation_n of_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v very_o high_a the_o wind_a of_o the_o horn_n the_o length_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o bunch_n which_o the_o shoulder_n do_v form_n on_o the_o back_n that_o which_o be_v at_o the_o sternum_n as_o in_o the_o camel_n the_o smallness_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o other_o particularity_n which_o do_v render_v the_o figure_n of_o the_o animal_n different_a from_o the_o ordinary_a cow._n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o be_v the_o great_a ventricle_n b_o b_o b._n the_o three_o other_o ventricles_n c_o c._n the_o origine_fw-la of_o the_o epiploon_n d_o d._n the_o pancreas_n e._n a_o part_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la in_o its_o natural_a bigness_n â—…_n â—…â—…_n the_o membranous_a part_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la on_o which_o the_o oesophagus_n lie_v and_o which_o be_v towards_o the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n e_o e_o e_o e._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o half_a ring_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la flat_v and_o enlarge_v make_v as_o it_o be_v the_o wing_n which_o do_v cover_v the_o extremitys_n of_o the_o other_o half_a ring_n which_o be_v underneath_o and_o be_v represent_v by_o f_z f_o f._n g_o g._n the_o hollow_a and_o chanellate_v part_n of_o the_o half_a ring_n f_o f._n the_o liver_n g._n the_o gallbladder_n γ._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n fasten_v to_o the_o liver_n h._n half_n of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n loose_v from_o the_o liver_n to_o discover_v its_o interior_a surface_n i_o i._n the_o hole_n of_o the_o branch_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n which_o do_v enter_v into_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o liver_n with_o the_o valve_n which_o do_v half_o shut_v they_o k._n the_o head_n see_v in_o another_o aspect_n than_o that_o of_o the_o low_a figure_n to_o represent_v the_o particular_a wind_a of_o the_o horn_n l_o l_o l_o l_o l._n the_o five_o small_a lobe_n of_o the_o lung_n m_o m._n the_o two_o great_a lobe_n n._n the_o ligament_n which_o fasten_v the_o two_o great_a lobe_n to_o one_o another_o the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o barbary_n cow_n this_o animal_n be_v about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o cow._n its_o hair_n be_v of_o a_o fox-red_n pale_a towards_o the_o point_n than_o the_o root_n it_o be_v a_o little_o short_a than_o it_o common_o be_v in_o cow_n and_o almost_o of_o the_o same_o bigness_n towards_o the_o point_n as_o the_o root_n which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o hair_n of_o animal_n which_o be_v most_o frequent_o big_a towards_o the_o root_n than_o towards_o the_o other_o end_n yet_o we_o have_v before_o remarque_v a_o irregularity_n opposite_a to_o this_o in_o the_o hair_n of_o a_o elk_n which_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n small_a towards_o the_o root_n than_o towards_o the_o middle_n the_o disposition_n of_o the_o body_n leg_n and_o neck_n make_v it_o better_a to_o resemble_v a_o stag_n than_o a_o cow_n of_o which_o it_o have_v only_o the_o horn_n which_o be_v in_o a_o great_a many_o thing_n different_a from_o those_o of_o cow_n they_o be_v each_o of_o they_o a_o foot_n long_o and_o take_v their_o rise_n very_o near_a one_o another_o by_o reason_n the_o head_n be_v in_o this_o part_n exceed_v narrow_a they_o be_v very_o thick_a bend_v backward_o black_a wreathe_v like_o a_o screw_n and_o wear_v before_o and_o at_o top_n so_o that_o the_o raise_v part_n which_o form_v the_o screw_n be_v there_o whole_o efface_v the_o tail_n be_v large_a at_o its_o beginning_n than_o towards_o its_o end_n
without_o a_o cartilege_n at_o the_o place_n towards_o the_o backbone_n and_o which_o touch_v the_o oesophagus_n these_o ring_n be_v of_o such_o a_o figure_n and_o so_o dispose_v that_o their_o extremity_n flatn_v and_o enlarge_v do_v each_o form_n as_o it_o be_v two_o wing_n or_o auricles_n which_o be_v lay_v one_o upon_o the_o other_o so_o that_o for_o instance_n the_o low_a wing_n or_o auricles_n of_o the_o first_o cartilege_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o upper_a wing_n of_o the_o second_o which_o with_o its_o low_a wing_n do_v likewise_o cover_v the_o upper_a wing_n of_o the_o three_o which_o do_v cover_v its_o low_a wing_n with_o the_o upper_a one_o of_o the_o four_o this_o continue_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n in_o all_o the_o cartilage_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la as_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o figure_n which_o alone_o can_v sufficient_o demonstrate_v this_o extraordinary_a structure_n the_o residue_n of_o every_o ring_n which_o be_v the_o hard_a part_n be_v hollow_a in_o its_o middle_n and_o leave_v two_o eminency_n at_o its_o side_n this_o conformation_n do_v in_o this_o place_n make_v the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la more_o rough_a than_o it_o general_o be_v because_o that_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o two_o different_a substance_n which_o compose_v it_o namely_o the_o membrane_n and_o cartilege_n which_o be_v find_v in_o all_o fort_n of_o asperae_fw-la arteriae_fw-la this_o have_v over_o and_o above_o the_o inequality_n which_o the_o cavity_n or_o indenting_n that_o be_v in_o each_o ring_n do_v make_v the_o cornea_n in_o the_o eye_n be_v of_o a_o oval_a figure_n as_o it_o usual_o be_v in_o other_o cow_n the_o iris_n be_v yellow_a a_o little_a incline_n to_o red._n the_o crystallinus_n be_v more_o convexbehind_n than_o before_o the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o cormorant_n in_o the_o low_a figure_n be_v observable_a the_o length_n of_o the_o head_n the_o smallness_n of_o the_o eye_n and_o its_o oblique_a situation_n the_o crooked_a figure_n of_o the_o bill_n and_o the_o extraordinary_a structure_n of_o the_o foot_n which_o have_v the_o great_a toe_n outward_o and_o the_o other_o inward_o be_v all_o four_o webbed_a together_o by_o membrane_n in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o b._n represent_v the_o oesophagus_n blow_v up_o and_o tie_v at_o the_o top_n b_o c._n the_o ventricle_n blow_v up_o b._n the_o place_n where_o the_o oesophagus_n be_v straighten_a to_o make_v the_o upper_a orifice_n of_o the_o ventricle_n d_o e._n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la e._n a_o knot_n make_v of_o a_o bony_a ring_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la f_o f._n two_o musculous_a ligament_n which_o do_v fasten_v the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la with_o the_o bladder_n of_o the_o lung_n g._n the_o heart_n h._n the_o right_a lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n i._o the_o left_a lobe_n k._n the_o three_o lobe_n which_o be_v under_o the_o two_o other_o l._n the_o gallbladder_n m._n the_o pylorus_n n._n a_o part_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n the_o inside_n of_o which_o be_v represent_v o._n the_o superior_a orifice_n of_o the_o ventricle_n p._n a_o part_n of_o the_o ventricle_n which_o be_v see_v on_o the_o inside_n q_o q._n the_o membrane_n of_o the_o ventricle_n cut_v asunder_o the_o interior_a of_o which_o be_v compose_v of_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o longish_n gland_n conglomerate_v and_o who_o point_n do_v make_v the_o internal_a superficies_n of_o the_o ventricle_n rough_a like_o chagrin_n q._n the_o larynx_n r._n the_o tongue_n s_o t._n the_o right_a foot._n t._n the_o serrate_n or_o tooth_a claw_n which_o be_v on_o the_o second_o toe_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o cormorant_n this_o bird_n be_v call_v a_o cormorant_n that_o be_v to_o say_v crow-marine_n because_o that_o it_o be_v general_o all_o black_a and_o be_v a_o aquatic_a animal_n gesner_n say_v that_o it_o be_v for_o this_o reason_n that_o it_o be_v by_o albertus_n magnus_n call_v carbo_n aquaticus_fw-la gaza_n be_v of_o opinion_n that_o the_o corax_n of_o aristotle_n be_v this_o very_a bird_n not_o only_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o greek_a name_n which_o signify_v crow_n but_o likewise_o of_o the_o other_o mark_n by_o which_o this_o philosopher_n design_n it_o which_o do_v perfect_o agree_v with_o the_o cormorant_n that_o we_o describe_v it_o be_v twenty_o seven_o inch_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o bill_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o three_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a from_o one_o end_n of_o the_o wing_n expanded_a to_o the_o other_o there_o be_v see_v a_o great_a many_o large_a on_o the_o sea-shore_n it_o be_v whole_a plumage_n be_v black_a or_o a_o very_a dark_a gray_a somewhat_o greenish_a on_o the_o wing_n except_o the_o belly_n and_o under_o the_o neck_n which_o be_v cover_v with_o white_a feather_n the_o end_n of_o which_o be_v blackish_a which_o make_v these_o white_a part_n to_o seem_v spot_v with_o brown_a gesner_n report_v that_o in_o switzerland_n these_o cormorant_n which_o be_v there_o call_v scharbi_n that_o be_v to_o say_v coal_n have_v some_o of_o they_o white_a belly_n under_o the_o great_a plume_n which_o cover_v the_o body_n there_o be_v a_o gray_a down_o extreme_o fine_a and_o thick_a as_o in_o swan_n aldrovandus_n report_n that_o the_o skin_n of_o cormorant_n be_v prepare_v like_o those_o of_o vulture_n and_o use_v to_o cover_v and_o warm_v the_o stomach_n the_o feather_n which_o do_v garnish_n and_o adorn_v the_o neck_n be_v very_o short_a and_o those_o which_o do_v cover_v the_o head_n much_o short_a but_o they_o be_v very_o thick_a and_o small_a like_o fringe_n this_o demonstrate_v the_o cormorant_n not_o to_o be_v the_o phalocrocorax_n which_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o have_v no_o feather_n on_o the_o head_n and_o that_o pliny_n be_v deceive_v when_o he_o say_v that_o the_o aquatic_a crow_n which_o be_v the_o cormorant_n be_v natural_o bald_a and_o that_o this_o particularity_n have_v give_v it_o the_o name_n which_o it_o have_v among_o the_o greek_n belâ—…nius_n hold_v the_o same_o opinion_n these_o plume_n upon_o the_o head_n be_v four_o line_n in_o length_n straight_o and_o stare_v this_o make_v the_o head_n to_o appear_v less_o flat_a than_o indeed_o it_o be_v although_o it_o very_o much_o appear_v so_o with_o these_o feather_n towards_o the_o root_n as_o well_o of_o the_o upper_a as_o low_a beak_n there_o be_v a_o skin_n without_o feather_n it_o be_v likewise_o extend_v round_o the_o eye_n this_o skin_n be_v red._n aldrovandus_n report_v that_o it_o be_v general_o white_a and_o gesner_n make_v it_o of_o a_o saffron-colour_n this_o same_o skin_n be_v extend_v under_o the_o beak_n upon_o the_o cavity_n which_o be_v general_o there_o in_o this_o place_n it_o be_v of_o a_o pale-yellow_a the_o bill_n at_o the_o side_n be_v grey_a mix_v with_o red_a and_o black_a at_o the_o top_n it_o be_v three_o inch_n in_o length_n from_o the_o open_n to_o its_o extremity_n it_o be_v crooked_a and_o very_o point_v at_o the_o end_n this_o beak_n serve_v he_o to_o catch_v fish_n but_o because_o that_o he_o can_v only_o swallow_v they_o backward_o or_o sidewise_o and_o can_v not_o convenient_o swallow_v the_o tail_n first_o by_o reason_n of_o the_o fin_n crest_n and_o scale_n which_o hinder_v they_o from_o enter_v into_o his_o throat_n he_o use_v to_o cast_v they_o in_o the_o air_n to_o receive_v they_o with_o the_o head_n first_o which_o he_o do_v with_o so_o much_o dexterity_n that_o he_o never_o miss_v this_o bird_n be_v make_v use_n of_o for_o fish_v by_o put_v a_o iron_n ring_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o its_o neck_n to_o the_o end_n that_o the_o fish_n be_v receive_v into_o the_o oesophagus_n which_o be_v very_o large_a make_v a_o kind_n of_o craw_n may_v not_o enter_v into_o the_o ventricle_n and_o they_o may_v easy_o be_v make_v to_o cast_v they_o up_o in_o the_o beak_n there_o be_v not_o any_o hole_n for_o the_o nostril_n although_o in_o the_o palate_n there_o be_v one_o large_a enough_o to_o permit_v the_o vapour_n to_o rise_v up_o to_o the_o organ_n of_o the_o smell_a the_o eye_n be_v small_a and_o situate_v very_o near_o the_o bill_n be_v shut_v the_o line_n which_o the_o eyelid_n make_v be_v somewhat_o more_o oblique_a than_o it_o general_o be_v in_o bird_n the_o foot_n be_v short_a not_o exceed_v four_o inch_n from_o the_o belly_n to_o the_o ground_n and_o there_o be_v seven_o to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o great_a toe_n these_o foot_n be_v very_o black_a and_o shine_v cover_v with_o long_a and_o strait_a scale_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o foot_n and_o on_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o toe_n these_o four_o toe_n be_v webbed_a together_o by_o some_o membrane_n which_o we_o have_v already_o remark_v in_o a_o scotch_a goose._n these_o membrane_n be_v speckle_v like_o chagrin_n these_o four_o toe_n which_o
nature_n have_v give_v to_o man_n as_o to_o the_o wise_a of_o all_o animal_n for_o want_v perhaps_o of_o make_v this_o reflection_n for_o the_o ape_n be_v find_v provide_v by_o nature_n of_o all_o these_o marvellous_a organ_n of_o speech_n with_o so_o much_o exactness_n that_o the_o very_a three_o small_a muscle_n which_o do_v take_v their_o rise_n from_o the_o apophysis_n styloide_v be_v not_o want_v although_o this_o apophysis_n be_v extreme_o small_a this_o particularity_n do_v likewise_o show_v that_o there_o be_v no_o reason_n to_o think_v that_o agent_n do_v perform_v such_o and_o such_o action_n because_o they_o be_v find_v with_o organ_n proper_a thereunto_o for_o according_a to_o these_o philosopher_n ape_n shall_v speak_v see_v that_o they_o have_v the_o instrument_n necessary_a for_o speech_n in_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n there_o be_v nothing_o particular_a but_o the_o flexores_fw-la of_o the_o head_n which_o in_o man_n be_v insert_v into_o the_o apophysis_n mastoide_v for_o they_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o lateral_a and_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o os_fw-la occipitis_fw-la because_o that_o the_o head_n of_o the_o ape_n have_v no_o apophysis_n mastoide_n among_o the_o muscle_n of_o the_o arm_n there_o be_v only_o the_o palmaris_n that_o have_v any_o thing_n remarkable_a it_o be_v extraordinary_a large_a the_o great_a serratus_fw-la which_o in_o man_n take_v its_o rise_n only_o from_o the_o omoplatae_n do_v in_o our_o subject_n proceed_v likewise_o from_o the_o four_o five_o and_o six_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o musculus_fw-la rectus_n which_o in_o man_n reach_v only_o to_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o sternum_n do_v ascend_v to_o the_o top_n pass_v under_o the_o pectoralis_fw-la and_o little_a serrtaus_fw-la it_o be_v fleshy_a only_o to_o the_o half_a of_o the_o sternum_n the_o rest_n be_v but_o a_o mere_a tendon_n in_o the_o thigh_n that_o of_o the_o quadrigemini_n which_o do_v serve_v to_o throw_v out_o the_o thigh_n 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t._n a_o piece_n of_o the_o jugular_a represent_v at_o large_a the_o more_o distinct_o to_o discover_v a_o row_n of_o three_o valve_n mark_v five_o five_o v._n x_o y_o z_o ω._n the_o end_n of_o one_o of_o the_o brow-antler_n of_o the_o stagg_n x._o part_v of_o the_o horn_n with_o the_o skin_n take_v off_o to_o expose_v to_o view_n grouves_n wherewith_o the_o horn_n of_o the_o stagg_n be_v ordinary_o hollow_v to_o make_v room_n for_o the_o vessel_n in_o the_o skin_n which_o cover_v they_o y_fw-fr the_o piece_n of_o skin_n which_o be_v cut_v away_o and_o on_o the_o inside_n of_o which_o be_v represent_v the_o vessel_n in_o it_o z_o ω._n the_o rest_n of_o the_o browantler_n cover_v with_o the_o velvet_n skin_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o stag_n of_o canada_n and_o hind_n of_o sardinia_n the_o stagg_n be_v very_o large_a be_v four_o foot_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o back_n to_o the_o ground_n its_o horn_n be_v three_o foot_n long_o and_o the_o brow-antler_n a_o foot_n 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have_v as_o yet_o be_v see_v only_o by_o amatus_fw-la lusitanus_n who_o have_v observe_v some_o of_o this_o nature_n at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o azygos_n and_o which_o he_o think_v to_o serve_v to_o hinder_v the_o blood_n of_o the_o azygos_n from_o return_v into_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la but_o this_o conformation_n be_v extraordinary_a whatever_o this_o author_n say_v who_o averr'_v himself_o to_o have_v see_v it_o a_o thousand_o time_n because_o that_o all_o anatomist_n with_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n do_v testify_v and_o avow_v to_o have_v see_v the_o contrary_a and_o never_o to_o have_v find_v valve_n in_o the_o vein_n who_o situation_n favour_v not_o the_o motion_n of_o the_o blood_n towards_o the_o heart_n the_o carotide_n have_v be_v open_v long-way_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o they_o have_v several_a ray_n like_o transverse_a cutts_n which_o interrupt_v the_o continuitie_n of_o the_o fibre_n which_o be_v according_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o internal_a 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of_o ten_o pintado_n the_o bird_n which_o we_o describe_v be_v a_o kind_n of_o hen_n call_v pintado_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o exactness_n of_o the_o figure_n which_o seem_v as_o if_o paint_a on_o its_o plumage_n these_o figure_v not_o be_v irregular_a and_o as_o it_o be_v accidental_o make_v as_o in_o the_o generality_n of_o other_o bird_n upon_o this_o very_a reason_n some_o of_o the_o ancient_n make_v choice_n of_o the_o name_n which_o they_o have_v give_v to_o these_o fowl_n for_o by_o varro_n and_o pliny_n they_o be_v call_v variae_fw-la and_o by_o martial_a guttatae_fw-la by_o reason_n of_o the_o white_a spot_n wherewith_o their_o whole_a body_n be_v diversify_v and_o speckled_a as_o it_o be_v with_o several_a drop_n their_o egg_n be_v likewise_o paint_v and_o chequer_v with_o white_a and_o black_a thus_o this_o sort_n of_o diversity_n be_v a_o thing_n natural_a and_o perpetual_a to_o these_o bird_n which_o this_o particularity_n distinguish_v from_o common_a hen_n which_o in_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o bird_n be_v almost_o the_o sole_a one_o which_o have_v not_o the_o plumage_n always_o with_o the_o same_o colour_n in_o their_o species_n hen_n be_v indifferent_o white_a black_a gray_a yellow_a or_o mix_v with_o all_o these_o colour_n other_o author_n have_v give_v to_o the_o pintado_n appellation_n take_v from_o the_o country_n where_o they_o do_v general_o breed_v which_o be_v africa_n by_o call_v they_o hen_n of_o africa_n barbary_n numidia_n guinea_n mauritania_n tunis_n pharos_n that_o be_v to_o say_v egypt_n margravius_n report_v that_o in_o the_o kingdom_n of_o congo_n it_o be_v call_v quesele_n pliny_n relate_v that_o they_o be_v also_o call_v meleagrides_n because_o that_o according_a to_o the_o report_n of_o his_o time_n they_o go_v annual_o from_o africa_n into_o boeotia_n and_o come_v to_o beat_v themselves_o near_o the_o tomb_n of_o meleager_n who_o story_n feign_v that_o the_o sister_n be_v change_v into_o these_o bird_n there_o be_v some_o which_o do_v think_v that_o the_o meleagris_n be_v the_o cocq-d'inde_a or_o turkey-cock_n which_o shall_v be_v examine_v in_o the_o sequel_n the_o ten_o pintado_n whereof_o we_o have_v make_v the_o dissection_n be_v of_o the_o size_n and_o almost_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o ordinary_a hen._n some_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o they_o do_v better_o resemble_v the_o partridge_n but_o the_o length_n of_o their_o neck_n and_o leg_n which_o do_v even_o surpass_v that_o of_o the_o neck_n and_o leg_n of_o hen_n have_v make_v we_o to_o disapprove_v this_o similitude_n we_o only_o find_v that_o they_o have_v the_o tail_n bend_v downward_o like_o the_o partridge_n and_o not_o hold_v up_o like_o the_o hen._n but_o they_o have_v no_o characteristic_a more_o particular_a of_o the_o hen_n than_o the_o fleshy_a appendix_n which_o do_v hang_v down_o on_o both_o side_n of_o their_o jaw_n which_o be_v not_o mett-with_a in_o any_o other_o bird_n and_o which_o even_o in_o the_o pintado_n have_v something_o different_a from_o those_o which_o be_v in_o hen_n as_o shall_v hereafter_o be_v explain_v their_o whole_a plumage_n be_v only_o of_o two_o colour_n viz._n white_a and_o black._n the_o white_a be_v every_o where_o perfect_o white_a the_o black_a be_v also_o in_o some_o place_n perfect_o black_a but_o in_o the_o most_o it_o be_v faint_a and_o incline_v to_o a_o dark-gray_n the_o top_n of_o the_o neck_n instead_o of_o feather_n be_v only_o garnish_v with_o a_o black_a down_o which_o do_v better_o resemble_v hair_n than_o feather_n these_o hair_n be_v about_o two_o line_n long_o be_v turn_v upward_o contrary_a to_o the_o ordinary_a situation_n of_o hair_n and_o feather_n in_o one_o of_o our_o subject_n towards_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o head_n these_o hair_n be_v almost_o a_o inch_n long_o and_o make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o tuft_n the_o under_o part_n of_o the_o neck_n have_v little_a dark-gray_a feather_n mark_v with_o white_a these_o feather_n go_v insensible_o three_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o one_o in_o breadth_n the_o half_a of_o these_o feather_n towards_o the_o root_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o quill_n or_o stem_n be_v garnish_v with_o beard_n or_o branching_n like_o grayish_a white_a down_n above_o half_a a_o inch_n long_o on_o each_o side_n each_o down_n or_o beard_n be_v dissheivel_v and_o divide_v as_o it_o be_v into_o several_a fine_a lock_n or_o thread_n towards_o its_o extremity_n near_o the_o quill_n or_o stem_n the_o root_n of_o each_o beard_n be_v join_v together_o by_o the_o crotchet_n or_o little_a fibres_n wherewith_o the_o beard_n or_o branching_n of_o the_o feather_n which_o do_v serve_v for_o flight_n use_v to_o be_v fasten_v and_o which_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o ostrich_n the_o other_o half_a of_o these_o feather_n be_v compose_v of_o these_o same_o sort_n of_o beard_n or_o branching_n which_o
foot_n in_o find_v only_o in_o animal_n which_o do_v love_n and_o dilight-in_a watery_a place_n where_o it_o be_v know_v that_o the_o turkey-cock_n take_v no_o pleasure_n in_o fine_a in_o the_o exact_a description_n which_o the_o ancient_n have_v make_v of_o the_o meleagris_n it_o be_v impossible_a if_o it_o be_v the_o turkey-cock_n that_o they_o shall_v omit_v the_o remarkable_a and_o particular_a thing_n which_o appear_v in_o the_o turkey-cock_n and_o which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o pintado_n such_o as_o be_v the_o way_n of_o display_v its_o tail_n of_o drag_v its_o wing_n against_o the_o ground_n of_o extend_v and_o suffer_v the_o comb_n on_o its_o head_n to_o hang_v of_o have_v the_o neck_n rough_a and_o whole_o void_a of_o feather_n and_o of_o have_v a_o lock_n of_o black_a hair_n at_o the_o breast_n as_o for_o what_o respect_v the_o inward_a part_n we_o find_v the_o oesophagus_n as_o in_o most_o bird_n range_v on_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la 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from_o the_o gizzard_n be_v easy_o dry_v and_o wax_v hard_a and_o brittle_a like_o glass_n the_o intestine_n be_v three_o foot_n long_o without_o reckon_v the_o two_o caecum_n which_o be_v each_o six_o inch_n the_o duodenum_fw-la be_v much_o large_a than_o the_o other_o be_v above_o eight_o line_n the_o caecum_n be_v not_o of_o a_o uniform_a breadth_n as_o in_o the_o generality_n of_o bird_n but_o do_v go_v enlarge_n they_o be_v fasten_v by_o the_o membrane_n of_o the_o mesentery_n and_o receive_v vessel_n therefrom_o like_o the_o other_o intestine_n there_o be_v no_o pancreas_n the_o liver_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o lobe_n which_o at_o the_o top_n have_v each_o a_o cavitie_n to_o receive_v the_o point_n of_o the_o heart_n the_o cavity_n of_o the_o right_a lobe_n be_v great_a and_o deep_a than_o that_o of_o the_o left_a because_o that_o the_o point_n of_o the_o heart_n be_v turn_v towards_o the_o right_a side_n the_o low_a extremity_n of_o the_o lobe_n be_v fasten_v to_o the_o diaphragme_n which_o descend_v from_o the_o top_n downward_o and_o to_o the_o bladder_n which_o the_o lung_n form_n in_o the_o low_a belly_n of_o bird_n in_o most_o of_o our_o subject_n the_o liver_n be_v scirrhous_n and_o fill_v with_o a_o great_a quantity_n of_o hard_a yellow_a grain_n some_o as_o large_a as_o pease_n and_o other_o less_o we_o find_v a_o gallbladder_n only_o in_o two_o of_o our_o subject_n in_o the_o one_o it_o be_v nine_o line_n in_o length_n and_o six_o in_o breadth_n it_o have_v a_o ductus_fw-la from_o its_o bottom_n which_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o intestine_a near_o the_o pylorus_n in_o the_o other_o it_o be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a long_a and_o four_o line_n broad_a be_v fasten_v to_o the_o hollow_a part_n of_o the_o right_a lobe_n and_o the_o ductus_fw-la be_v from_o its_o middle_n and_o not_o from_o its_o low_a extremity_n and_o insert_v itself_o into_o the_o intestine_a four_o finger_n beneath_o the_o pylorus_n in_o the_o other_o subject_n which_o have_v no_o gallbladder_n the_o ramus_fw-la hepaticus_fw-la be_v there_o find_v very_o large_a and_o visible_a it_o measure_v five_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o be_v insert_v into_o the_o intestine_a six_o inch_n beyond_o the_o pylorus_n towards_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o gizzard_n there_o be_v a_o body_n of_o a_o oval_a figure_n nine_o line_n long_o and_o of_o a_o dark_a red_a colour_n and_o a_o firm_a substance_n it_o have_v connexion_n with_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n with_o that_o of_o the_o cava_fw-la and_o aorta_fw-la and_o with_o the_o intestine_n and_o ventricle_n by_o some_o very_a visible_a branch_n some_o modern_a author_n have_v observe_v that_o bird_n which_o have_v a_o fleshy_a ventricle_n have_v no_o spleen_n yet_o we_o be_v of_o opinion_n that_o this_o body_n can_v be_v no_o other_o thing_n than_o a_o spleen_n as_o well_o by_o reason_n of_o these_o connexion_n as_o of_o the_o sympathy_n which_o it_o seem_v to_o have_v with_o the_o liver_n because_o it_o be_v find_v that_o in_o all_o the_o subject_n where_o the_o liver_n be_v scirrhous_n this_o part_n be_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n although_o the_o hard_a and_o compact_a substance_n of_o this_o body_n in_o the_o subject_n where_o it_o be_v scirrhous_n and_o its_o figure_n so_o regular_o oval_a may_v cause_v a_o belief_n that_o it_o be_v a_o testicle_n but_o there_o be_v two_o other_o round_a body_n four_o line_n diameter_n couch_v on_o the_o loin_n and_o fasten_v to_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la and_o aorta_fw-la which_o be_v the_o true_a testicle_n in_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n these_o round_a body_n be_v single_a and_o fasten_v on_o the_o place_n of_o the_o division_n of_o the_o iliack_n the_o air_n be_v blow_v into_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la it_o make_v all_o the_o bladder_n to_o swell_v which_o receive_v the_o air_n after_o it_o have_v pass_v through_o the_o lung_n and_o of_o which_o there_o be_v some_o that_o do_v descend_v into_o the_o low_a belly_n of_o bird_n it_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o pericardium_n be_v likewise_o blow_v up_o this_o remark_n may_v be_v of_o some_o importance_n to_o discover_v the_o use_n of_o respiration_n and_o the_o advantage_n which_o the_o air_n be_v by_o this_o mean_v introduce_v into_o the_o thorax_n may_v bring_v to_o the_o heart_n by_o the_o compression_n it_o may_v there_o cause_n by_o the_o impression_n of_o its_o quality_n by_o the_o reception_n of_o the_o fume_n which_o it_o incessant_o exhale_v in_o the_o continual_a heat_n in_o which_o it_o be_v etc._n etc._n the_o membrane_n of_o the_o pericardium_n be_v not_o just_o fit_a and_o fasten_v to_o the_o heart_n as_o be_v usual_a but_o be_v a_o great_a deal_n extend_v towards_o the_o point_n make_v a_o sack_n or_o appendix_n half_a a_o inch_n long_o in_o one_o of_o the_o subject_n this_o appendix_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n long_o for_o descend_v between_o the_o two_o lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n it_o go_v to_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o gizzard_n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la after_o have_v enter_v the_o cavity_n of_o the_o thorax_n have_v two_o small_a muscle_n which_o be_v knit_v to_o its_o anteriour_a part_n and_o which_o turn_v on_o the_o one_o side_n and_o the_o other_o somewhat_o downward_o be_v by_o several_a fibre_n unite_v to_o the_o vessel_n of_o the_o heart_n these_o muscle_n be_v each_o almost_o a_o inch_n long_o round_o like_o a_o cord_n and_o about_o the_o thickness_n of_o two_o three_o of_o a_o line_n we_o have_v find_v these_o same_o muscle_n in_o a_o great_a many_o bird_n in_o most_o they_o do_v fasten_v the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la to_o the_o sternum_fw-la the_o lung_n be_v of_o spongious_a flesh_n perforate_v with_o several_a little_a hole_n as_o big_a as_o the_o head_n of_o a_o small_a pin_n regular_o place_v as_o well_o full_a as_o empty_v and_o cover_v with_o a_o very_a fine_a tunicle_n they_o be_v of_o a_o pale-red_n incline_v to_o ash-colour_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o nine_o line_n broad_a and_o five_o thick_a the_o heart_n measure_v a_o inch_n and_o half_a in_o length_n and_o a_o inch_n in_o breadth_n towards_o its_o basis_n it_o be_v very_o point_v the_o aorta_fw-la be_v come_v out_o of_o the_o left_a ventricle_n be_v turn_v direct_o forward_o be_v still_o in_o the_o heart_n and_o cover_v with_o the_o right_a auricle_n so_o that_o it_o seem_v to_o proceed_v from_o the_o right_a uentricle_n and_o cross_v over_o in_o this_o place_n to_o descend_v to_o the_o right_a side_n for_o this_o same_o reason_n the_o left_a carotid_n do_v likewise_o appear_v to_o come_v from_o the_o heart_n although_o it_o proceed_v from_o the_o trunk_n the_o division_n of_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_n which_o form_n the_o iliack_a branch_n be_v a_o inch_n and_o half_o
low_a than_o the_o division_n of_o the_o iliack_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la these_o branch_n be_v a_o great_a deal_n lesser_a than_o those_o of_o the_o cava_fw-la they_o serve_v for_o emulgent_a branch_n the_o kidney_n be_v there_o fasten_v the_o emulgent_a branch_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la do_v likewise_o come_v from_o the_o iliack_a branch_n of_o the_o cava_fw-la and_o after_o be_v join_v to_o the_o kidney_n do_v pass_v forward_o like_a as_o the_o artery_n the_o same_o trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi after_o its_o division_n into_o the_o iliack_a branch_n do_v continue_v and_o descend_v even_o to_o the_o anus_fw-la cast_v forth_o the_o several_a branch_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a to_o form_v the_o crural_o the_o brain_n have_v nothing_o particular_a it_o be_v only_o observe_v that_o there_o be_v two_o bony_a apophysis_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o little_a pin_n and_o two_o line_n long_o which_o proceed_v from_o the_o two_o side_n of_o the_o cranium_fw-la do_v join_v and_o make_v a_o angle_n between_o the_o cerebrum_fw-la and_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la the_o crystalline_a be_v more_o convex_a within_o than_o without_o the_o eye_n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o eagle_n the_o low_a figure_n represent_v only_o one_o of_o the_o eagle_n which_o be_v here_o describe_v because_o that_o they_o be_v almost_o all_o alike_o the_o main_a and_o principal_a difference_n be_v in_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o neck_n which_o be_v compose_v only_o of_o a_o very_a long_a and_o smooth_a down_o in_o the_o male_a whereas_o in_o the_o female_n they_o be_v like_o scales_n it_o must_v be_v likewise_o observe_v that_o the_o greatness_n of_o the_o claw_n of_o the_o hinder_a foot_n can_v not_o be_v represent_v such_o as_o it_o will_v appear_v if_o these_o claw_n be_v not_o hide_v as_o they_o necessary_o be_v by_o the_o bough_n on_o which_o the_o eagle_n be_v perch_v in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n b._n the_o neck_n of_o the_o gallbladder_n c._n the_o ductus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la d._n the_o ductus_fw-la hepaticus_fw-la e._n the_o spleen_n f._n the_o pancreas_n g_o g_o g._n the_o branch_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la porta_n and_o caeliaca_fw-la arteria_fw-la which_o go_v to_o the_o spleen_n and_o intestine_n 1_o 2_o 3._o the_o three_o ductus_fw-la pancreatici_n h._n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la i._o the_o oesophagus_n blow_v up_o k._n a_o glandulous_a body_n fasten_v to_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n l._n the_o ventricle_n m._n the_o spleen_n n._n the_o branch_n which_o be_v distribute_v to_o the_o spleen_n and_o intestine_n o._n the_o pancreas_n p._n the_o tongue_n as_o big_a as_o the_o life_n q._n the_o eye_n r._n one_o of_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o breast_n which_o be_v compose_v only_o of_o thread_n like_v down_o and_o which_o have_v two_o stem_n like_o two_o branch_n which_o proceed_v from_o a_o three_o which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o trunk_n s._n the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la divide_v and_o separate_v as_o it_o be_v into_o two_o branch_n which_o afterward_o join_v again_o t_o t_o v_n x._o the_o same_o marrow_n cut_v through_o to_o show_v how_o the_o two_o part_n t_o t_n which_o divide_v in_o two_o the_o trunk_n of_o the_o marrow_n on_o the_o fore-side_n be_v join_v together_o at_o the_o hinder_a part_n x_o to_o form_v the_o cavitie_n v._n y_fw-fr y._n two_o small_a appendix_n which_o supply_v the_o place_n of_o the_o caecum_fw-la have_v on_o the_o inside_n a_o very_a small_a cavitie_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o three_o eagle_n these_o three_o eagle_n be_v almost_o alike_o in_o bigness_n form_n and_o plumage_n the_o inward_a part_n be_v in_o some_o thing_n different_a principal_o because_o they_o be_v of_o different_a sex_n the_o great_a which_o be_v a_o female_a measure_v from_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o beak_n to_o that_o of_o the_o tail_n two_o foot_n nine_o inch_n from_o the_o end_n of_o one_o wing_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o other_o when_o expanded_a seven_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a the_o beak_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o without_o comprehend_v the_o bend_n which_o be_v nine_o line_n the_o whole_a head_n comprehend_v the_o beak_n be_v four_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o neck_n five_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o leg_n together_o with_o the_o thigh_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o talon_n fifteen_o inch_n it_o weigh_v ten_o pound_n it_o be_v whole_a plumage_n be_v of_o a_o chest-nut_n colour_n almost_o black_a except_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o neck_n before_o and_o of_o the_o belly_n which_o be_v of_o a_o white_a sully_v with_o a_o red_a gray_a the_o foot_n be_v small_a in_o proportion_n to_o the_o body_n and_o of_o a_o bluish_a gray_a the_o beak_n be_v all_o black._n the_o two_o other_o one_o of_o which_o be_v a_o male_a and_o the_o other_o a_o female_a and_o which_o be_v somewhat_o lesser_o have_v the_o beak_n black_a at_o the_o end_n yellow_a towards_o the_o beginning_n and_o bluish_a at_o the_o middle_n the_o foot_n be_v yellow_a cover_v with_o scale_n of_o different_a size_n those_o at_o top_n of_o the_o toe_n be_v large_a and_o square_a especial_o towards_o the_o extremity_n the_o other_o be_v very_o small_a the_o talon_n be_v black_a crooked_a and_o very_a great_a especial_o that_o of_o the_o hinder_a toe_n which_o be_v almost_o as_o big_a again_o as_o the_o other_o the_o plumage_n be_v of_o three_o colour_n viz._n dark_a chest-nut_n red_a and_o white_a the_o top_n of_o the_o head_n be_v mix_v with_o chest-nut_n and_o red_a the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v mix_v with_o white_a red_z and_o chest-nut_n the_o wing_n have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o chest-nut_n little_a red_a and_o less_o white_a the_o quill_n of_o the_o great_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v nine_o line_n in_o compass_n the_o plume_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v very_o brown_a towards_o the_o extremity_n have_v something_o of_o white_a towards_o their_o origine_fw-la the_o thigh_n and_o leg_n even_o to_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o toe_n be_v cover_v with_o feather_n half_o white_a and_o half_a red_a each_o feather_n be_v red_a at_o the_o end_n and_o white_a towards_o the_o beginning_n naturalist_n do_v say_v that_o eagle_n have_v the_o leg_n thus_o provide_v with_o feather_n as_o well_o to_o defend_v they_o from_o the_o beak_n and_o claw_n of_o bird_n when_o they_o catch_v and_o take_v they_o in_o their_o talon_n as_o to_o keep_v they_o from_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o snow_n to_o which_o they_o be_v expose_v on_o the_o top_n of_o the_o mountain_n where_o they_o general_o reside_v belonius_a who_o have_v describe_v several_a sort_n of_o eagle_n have_v describe_v they_o all_o without_o feather_n on_o their_o leg_n beside_o the_o great_a feather_n which_o cover_v the_o body_n there_o be_v at_o their_o root_n a_o very_a white_a and_o fine_a down_o about_o a_o inch_n long_o this_o down_n serve_v likewise_o to_o arm_v the_o eagle_n against_o the_o cold_a of_o which_o they_o be_v very_o sensible_a which_o be_v the_o reason_n that_o falconer_n when_o they_o make_v use_v of_o eagle_n for_o high_a fly_n do_v take_v from_o they_o a_o part_n of_o that_o down_o and_o of_o the_o other_o feather_n from_o their_o belly_n to_o the_o end_n that_o they_o rise_v not_o too_o high_a be_v hinder_v by_o the_o cold_a of_o the_o middle_a region_n of_o the_o air._n the_o other_o feather_n which_o cover_v the_o back_n and_o belly_n of_o our_o eagle_n be_v four_o or_o five_o inch_n long_o those_o which_o cover_v the_o thigh_n on_o the_o outside_n be_v six_o inch_n and_o reach_v three_o inch_n beyond_o the_o heel_n those_o whereby_o the_o breast_n and_o belly_n be_v deck_v in_o the_o male_n measure_v seven_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o three_o in_o breadth_n they_o be_v soft_a have_v on_o both_o side_n only_o a_o long_a down_o the_o fibre_n of_o which_o be_v not_o clasp_v together_o as_o they_o general_o be_v in_o the_o strong_a feather_n which_o be_v range_v like_o scales_n these_o feather_n be_v double_a for_o each_o quill_n be_v come_v out_o of_o the_o skin_n about_o two-line_n and_o a_o half_a do_v shoot_v two_o unequal_a stem_n the_o one_o be_v as_o large_a again_o as_o the_o other_o we_o have_v observe_v the_o same_o thing_n in_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o neck_n and_o belly_n of_o a_o parrot_n and_o in_o all_o the_o feather_n of_o a_o cassowary_a belonius_a report_n that_o the_o bird_n which_o he_o call_v cock_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o which_o he_o think_v to_o be_v the_o tetrix_n of_o aristotle_n have_v of_o those_o sort_n of_o feather_n and_o that_o he_o have_v not_o see_v any_o other_o bird_n have_v the_o like_a the_o eye_n which_o be_v sink_v in_o the_o orbite_n and_o cover_v with_o a_o eminence_n of_o the_o os_fw-la frontis_fw-la which_o make_v
membrane_n do_v proceed_v be_v flat_v make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o cleave_v three_o line_n long_o the_o basis_n of_o this_o membrane_n which_o be_v of_o a_o triangular_a figure_n have_v the_o same_o breadth_n and_o five_o line_n from_o its_o basis_n to_o its_o point_n the_o retina_fw-la be_v very_o thick_a and_o opake_v especial_o all_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o eye_n where_o it_o be_v plait_v and_o wrinkle_a in_o this_o place_n there_o be_v no_o tapetum_fw-la over_o the_o choroide_n in_o one_o of_o our_o subject_n a_o remark_n be_v make_v upon_o the_o structure_n of_o the_o medulla_n spinalis_fw-la which_o be_v at_o first_o think_v to_o be_v peculiar_a to_o this_o subject_a but_o which_o be_v afterward_o discover_v to_o be_v common_a to_o other_o bird_n it_o be_v find_v that_o towards_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o back_o the_o exterior_a part_n of_o the_o marrow_n be_v divide_v and_o separate_v in_o two_o and_o afterward_o rejoin_v the_o interior_a part_n remain_v entire_a and_o be_v 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no_o bunch_n at_o top_n of_o its_o natural_a size_n and_o divide_v into_o three_o at_o the_o end_n δ._n the_o beak_n which_o have_v a_o bunch_n d._n the_o liver_n e._n the_o oval_a gallbladder_n f._n the_o ramus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la g._n the_o two_o remi_fw-it hepatici_n h._n the_o single_a pancreas_n i._o the_o ductus_fw-la pancreaticus_n k._n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la flat_v but_o less_o double_v than_o the_o other_o l._n the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la most_v double_v m_o m._n the_o kidney_n n_o n._n the_o aorta_n o_o p_o p_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la which_o be_v divide_v into_o the_o branch_n p_o p_o lay_v on_o the_o kidney_n to_o which_o they_o be_v fasten_v and_o do_v serve_v for_o emulgent_n q_o q._n the_o branch_n of_o the_o aorta_n which_o do_v make_v the_o crural_a artery_n r_o r._n the_o ureter_n s_o t._n the_o vasa_n deferentia_fw-la x_o x._o the_o testicle_n y_fw-fr y._n the_o epididymides_n z_o z._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o rectum_fw-la v._o the_o penis_n fasten_v to_o the_o rectum_fw-la γ._n the_o same_o penis_n lift_v up_o to_o discover_v the_o hole_n of_o the_o rectum_fw-la which_o be_v between_o γ_n and_o Ï€_n and_o the_o aperture_n of_o the_o sack_n which_o be_v under_o the_o rectum_fw-la which_o open_v be_v underneath_o Ï€._n φ._n the_o anfractuous_a gallbladder_n have_v the_o figure_n of_o a_o caecum_fw-la α_n β._n the_o two_o ductus_fw-la hepatici_n γ._n the_o ductus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la δ_n δ._n the_o two_o ductus_fw-la pancreatici_n ε_n ε._n the_o right_a pancreas_n which_o be_v under_o the_o mesentery_n ξ_n ξ._n the_o left_a pancreas_n which_o be_v lay_v upon_o the_o mesentery_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o two_o indian_a cock_n this_o bird_n we_o call_v indian_a cock_n to_o distinguish_v it_o from_o that_o which_o be_v very_o common_a among_o we_o call_v cocq_n d'_fw-fr ind_n or_o turkey-cock_n it_o be_v bring_v from_o africa_n where_o we_o be_v tell_v that_o it_o be_v call_v ano._n but_o because_o that_o this_o name_n be_v not_o know_v that_o all_o the_o author_n which_o have_v speak_v of_o this_o bird_n have_v put_v it_o under_o the_o genus_fw-la of_o cock_n and_o that_o gallus_n indicus_n be_v the_o name_n which_o longalius_fw-la gesner_n and_o aldrovandus_n have_v give_v it_o johnston_n be_v the_o only_a person_n that_o call_v it_o gallus_n persicus_n we_o have_v call_v it_o indian_a according_a to_o the_o opinion_n of_o the_o forecited_n author_n and_o after_o the_o example_n of_o those_o by_o who_o the_o bird_n which_o be_v think_v to_o be_v the_o meleagris_n of_o the_o ancient_n be_v call_v turkey-cock_n although_o it_o come_v from_o africa_n add_v moreover_o that_o according_a to_o our_o conjecture_n the_o bird_n which_o we_o speak_v of_o be_v find_v in_o the_o west-indies_n where_o according_a to_o margravius_n it_o be_v call_v mituporanga_a which_o benzo_n in_o clusius_n report_v to_o be_v a_o kind_n of_o peacock_n we_o dissect_v two_o which_o be_v males_n aldrovandus_n describe_v the_o female_a and_o make_v it_o in_o some_o thing_n different_a from_o the_o male_a which_o he_o see_v only_o in_o paint_v and_o declare_v not_o in_o what_o state_n he_o see_v that_o female_a longolius_fw-la see_v only_o the_o skin_n of_o the_o indian_a cock_n which_o he_o mention_n the_o two_o which_o we_o describe_v differ_v from_o each_o other_o only_o in_o the_o beak_n they_o be_v about_o the_o size_n of_o a_o middling_a turkey-hen_n their_o plummage_n be_v perfect_o black_a on_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n all_o the_o rest_n have_v a_o greenish_a eye_n mix_v with_o black_a except_o the_o back_n who_o plume_n towards_o the_o root_n be_v of_o grayish_a colour_n like_o the_o wood_n of_o a_o walnut_n the_o low_a venture_n the_o top_n of_o the_o thigh_n behind_o and_o the_o under_o part_n of_o the_o tail_n have_v white_a feather_n margravius_n say_v that_o the_o indian_a cock_n of_o brazile_n be_v green_a perhaps_o because_o it_o be_v less_o brown_a than_o we_o and_o that_o the_o 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dilatation_n be_v two_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a in_o circumference_n be_v not_o a_o inch_n in_o any_o other_o part_n the_o heart_n be_v very_o small_a not_o be_v a_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o half_a a_o inch_n at_o its_o basis_n its_o point_n be_v very_o sharp_a the_o cavitie_n of_o the_o fleshy_a valve_n which_o be_v at_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la in_o bird_n be_v a_o line_n in_o depth_n the_o globe_n of_o the_o eye_n measure_v ten_o line_n in_o diameter_n and_o the_o cornea_n five_o the_o crystalline_a be_v more_o convex_a behind_o than_o before_o it_o be_v three_o line_n diameter_n the_o vitrious_a humour_n be_v of_o a_o very_a hard_a consistence_n the_o choroide_n be_v all_o over_o black_a even_o over_o the_o tapetum_fw-la where_o be_v see_v none_o of_o the_o colour_n which_o be_v common_o there_o the_o iris_n be_v of_o a_o dark_a red_a the_o sclerotica_fw-la be_v hard_o and_o cartilaginous_a at_o the_o fore_a part_n according_a to_o the_o nature_n of_o bird_n and_o fish_n the_o optic_a nerve_n be_v sideways_o and_o after_o have_v pierce_v the_o sclerotica_fw-la and_o choroide_v be_v enlarge_v and_o form_v a_o circle_n from_o the_o circumference_n of_o which_o there_o go_v several_a black_a fillet_n which_o be_v unite_v to_o form_v a_o membrane_n that_o we_o have_v find_v in_o all_o bird_n and_o which_o be_v describe_v in_o several_a place_n of_o these_o memoires_n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o bustard_n the_o six_o bustard_n be_v not_o in_o all_o thing_n alike_o there_o be_v some_o who_o neck_n be_v proportionable_o long_a than_o the_o leg_n other_o have_v it_o short_a some_o have_v the_o beak_n more_o point_v than_o it_o be_v here_o describe_v yet_o the_o generality_n have_v it_o thus_o there_o be_v one_o where_o the_o feather_n which_o cover_v the_o ear_n be_v somewhat_o long_o than_o they_o be_v here_o represent_v in_o the_o upper_a figure_n aa_n the_o two_o lobe_n of_o the_o liver_n b._n the_o gallbladder_n c._n the_o ductus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la dd._n the_o ductus_fw-la hepaticus_fw-la of_o the_o ductus_fw-la pancreatici_n g._n a_o fold_n of_o the_o internal_a tunicle_n of_o the_o intestine_a form_v a_o caruncle_n or_o teat_n which_o cover_n the_o four_o mouth_n of_o the_o cystick_a hepatick_a and_o pancreatic_a branch_n hh_o the_o pancreas_n i._o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n where_o it_o begin_v to_o enlarge_v itself_o kkk_n the_o outward_a membrane_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n which_o be_v common_a with_o the_o oesophagus_n and_o ventricle_n or_o gizzard_n which_o it_o cover_v ll._n the_o internal_a membrane_n which_o cover_n the_o gland_n of_o the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n this_o membrane_n be_v also_o cover_v with_o another_o which_o make_v the_o velvet_n and_o which_o be_v likewise_o extend_v over_o the_o membrane_n m_o m._n it_o be_v not_o here_o represent_v to_o avoid_v confusion_n and_o because_o it_o be_v easy_o supply_v by_o imagination_n mm._n the_o internal_a membrane_n of_o the_o gizzard_n which_o be_v fold_v and_o ruffle_v n._n the_o gland_n which_o be_v at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o oesophagus_n like_v to_o the_o end_n of_o pipe_n and_o range_v one_o upon_o the_o other_o oh_o the_o fleshy_a and_o musculous_a part_n of_o the_o gizzard_n enclose_v between_o the_o membrane_n k_o k_o k_o and_o the_o membrane_n m_o m._n p._n one_o of_o the_o foot_n represent_v at_o large_a although_o it_o exceed_v not_o a_o three_o part_n of_o the_o natural_a bigness_n p._n one_o of_o the_o talon_n cut_v to_o show_v that_o it_o be_v not_o hollow_a underneath_o but_o round_o as_o at_o top_n q._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o ilium_n r_o r._n the_o beginning_n of_o the_o two_o caecum_n s_o s_o the_o great_a pouch_n which_o be_v near_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o rectum_fw-la it_o be_v open_v to_o discover_v the_o mouth_n of_o the_o ureter_n and_o of_o the_o three_o caecum_fw-la t_o t._n the_o ureter_n v._o the_o three_o caecum_fw-la common_o call_v fabricius_n purse_n x._o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o three_o caecum_fw-la y._n a_o fold_n of_o the_o internal_a membrane_n of_o the_o great_a pouch_n of_o the_o rectum_fw-la make_v a_o little_a sack_n over_o the_o mouth_n of_o the_o purse_n z_o z._n the_o mouth_n of_o the_o ureter_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o six_o bustard_n the_o great_a of_o the_o six_o bustard_n which_o we_o dissect_v comprehend_v but_o three_o foot_n from_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o beak_n to_o that_o of_o the_o hind_a foot_n extend_v this_o size_n come_v not_o near_o that_o which_o belonius_a and_o turnerus_n allow_v to_o the_o bustard_n which_o they_o report_v to_o be_v the_o large_a of_o all_o fowl_n next_o the_o ostrich_n the_o cassowary_a and_o griffon_n which_o we_o dissect_v be_v a_o great_a deal_n big_a and_o other_o author_n do_v not_o make_v the_o bustard_n large_a than_o that_o which_o which_o we_o describe_v aristotle_n in_o athenaeus_n make_v it_o much_o less_o for_o he_o compare_v it_o as_o to_o its_o bigness_n to_o a_o great_a cock._n and_o it_o be_v strange_a that_o belonius_a and_o turnerus_n who_o have_v see_v bustard_n shall_v to_o follow_v pliny_n speak_v so_o of_o it_o that_o they_o seem_v not_o to_o have_v well_o understand_v he_o for_o the_o bird_n which_o according_a to_o pliny_n be_v the_o large_a next_o the_o ostrich_n be_v the_o second_o species_n of_o tetrao_n which_o be_v not_o the_o bustard_n and_o pliny_n say_v only_o that_o the_o bigness_n of_o the_o otis_n which_o be_v evident_o our_o bustard_n approach_v that_o of_o the_o tetrao_n but_o it_o be_v not_o certain_o know_v what_o the_o tetrao_n be_v and_o what_o he_o speak_v thereof_o agree_v not_o at_o all_o with_o the_o bustard_n this_o bird_n according_a to_o pliny_n description_n be_v black_a all_o over_o the_o body_n except_o the_o feather_n over_o the_o eye_n which_o be_v red_a which_o be_v not_o find_v in_o the_o bustard_n who_o have_v indeed_o some_o red_a and_o some_o black_a or_o some_o brown_a in_o its_o plumage_n but_o these_o colour_n be_v there_o place_v after_o another_o fashion_n the_o neck_n and_o foot_n be_v much_o long_o in_o our_o bustard_n than_o in_o those_o which_o gesner_n and_o and_o aldrovandus_n have_v describe_v as_o for_o the_o rest_n they_o do_v well_o enough_o agree_v with_o the_o description_n which_o these_o author_n do_v make_v thereof_o their_o neck_n be_v a_o foot_n long_o and_o their_o leg_n a_o foot_n and_o half_n the_o wing_n be_v hardly_o long_o than_o the_o leg_n so_o that_o be_v extend_v they_o exceed_v not_o four_o foot_n which_o have_v no_o proportion_n with_o the_o mass_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o their_o body_n therefore_o it_o be_v that_o this_o bird_n fly_n with_a so_o much_o difficulty_n that_o it_o may_v easy_o be_v overtake_v in_o its_o flight_n oppian_n say_v that_o of_o all_o bird_n the_o bustard_n only_o be_v afraid_a of_o dog_n because_o that_o it_o raise_v itself_o so_o little_a from_o the_o ground_n and_o go_v so_o slow_o that_o they_o can_v easy_o catch_v it_o it_o be_v upon_o this_o account_n that_o it_o have_v be_v by_o the_o latin_n call_v avis_n tarda_fw-la from_o whence_o be_v derive_v the_o word_n otarde_n in_o french_a unless_o it_o be_v take_v from_o its_o greek_a name_n which_o be_v otis_n although_o the_o ancient_n have_v speak_v very_o various_o of_o the_o otis_n to_o make_v it_o doubt_v whether_o it_o be_v our_o bustard_n albertus_n call_v it_o bistarda_n and_o give_v to_o that_o epithet_n ill_o borrow_v from_o avis_n tarda_fw-la a_o etymology_n much_o worse_o for_o he_o think_v it_o be_v so_o name_v because_o that_o it_o general_o make_v two_o leap_n when_o it_o begin_v to_o fly_v the_o plumage_n be_v of_o six_o colour_n viz._n white_a black_a ash-colour_n browngray_n and_o rose-colour_n the_o belly_n thigh_n underpart_n of_o the_o tail_n and_o wing_n be_v white_a it_o be_v probable_a that_o belonius_a who_o make_v the_o top_n of_o the_o wing_n white_a in_o the_o bustard_n be_v mistake_v because_o that_o general_o bird_n which_o have_v any_o dark_a colour_n in_o their_o plumage_n have_v it_o ordinary_o on_o the_o wing_n and_o back_o which_o be_v observe_v in_o other_o animal_n which_o have_v the_o back_n also_o brown_a than_o the_o belly_n the_o forepart_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o head_n and_o middle_a of_o the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o wing_n be_v of_o a_o ash_n colour_n the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o back_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o wing_n near_o the_o top_n and_o the_o top_n of_o the_o tail_n be_v red_a streak_v with_o black_a long_a unequal_a and_o as_o it_o be_v interrupt_v spot_n as_o in_o partridge_n this_o make_v we_o to_o think_v that_o aelian_a intend_v to_o speak_v of_o the_o bustard_n when_o he_o say_v that_o in_o the_o indies_n there_o be_v partridge_n as_o
more_o particular_o describe_v and_o represent_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o ostrich_n in_o the_o palate_n and_o low_a part_n of_o the_o beak_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v a_o low_a jaw_n there_o be_v under_o the_o membrane_n which_o cover_v these_o part_n several_a glandulous_a body_n which_o do_v open_a into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o mouth_n by_o several_a very_o visible_a tube_n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o demoiselles_fw-fr of_o numidia_n the_o low_a figure_n represent_v what_o kind_n of_o long_a white_a feather_n do_v stand_v up_o like_a ear_n on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o head_n of_o this_o bird_n and_o how_o the_o brown_a long_a and_o loose_a feather_n do_v hang_v down_o to_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o neck_n but_o that_o which_o be_v most_o remarkable_a be_v the_o posture_n in_o which_o it_o be_v put_v by_o represent_v it_o as_o if_o it_o danse_v because_o that_o this_o action_n be_v proper_a to_o it_o in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o aorta_fw-mi b._n the_o arteria_fw-la caeliaca_fw-la which_o go_v to_o the_o ventricle_n spleen_n and_o liver_n c._n the_o mesenterica_fw-la which_o go_v to_o the_o pancreas_n and_o intestine_n d_o d_o d._n the_o arteriae_fw-la emulgentes_fw-la e_o e._n the_o cruralis_fw-la superior_n f_o f._n the_o cruralis_fw-la inferior_n g._n the_o extremity_n of_o the_o aorta_n which_o be_v distribute_v to_o the_o o_o sacrum_n and_o the_o adjoin_a part_n h._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o vena_fw-la cava_fw-la i._o the_o ramus_fw-la iliacus_fw-la of_o the_o cava_fw-la k._n the_o vena_fw-la emulgens_fw-la l._n the_o vena_fw-la cruralis_fw-la m._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o cruralis_fw-la which_o pass_v under_o the_o kidney_n and_o join_v at_o n_o to_o its_o fellow_n o_o o._n the_o left_a kidney_n p._n the_o testicle_n of_o the_o male._n q._n the_o epididymis_fw-la r_o r._n the_o vasa_n spermatica_fw-la deferentia_fw-la s._n the_o ureter_n t._n the_o testicle_n of_o the_o female_a v._o the_o ovarium_n x_o y._n the_o oviductus_fw-la x._o the_o funnel_n of_o the_o oviductus_fw-la z._n a_o ligament_n which_o fasten_v the_o oviduct_n to_o the_o kidney_n like_o a_o mesentery_n δ_n δ._n the_o bend_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la θ._n the_o bone_n of_o the_o sternum_n in_o which_o the_o circumvolution_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la be_v hold_v fast_o φ._n one_o of_o the_o ring_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la have_v two_o notch_n ξ_n ω._n a_o piece_n of_o the_o aspera_fw-la arteria_fw-la which_o discover_v the_o manner_n how_o its_o ring_n be_v interweave_v ξ._n the_o part_n which_o respect_v the_o vertebra_n of_o the_o neck_n ω._n the_o part_n which_o respect_v the_o outside_n of_o the_o neck_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o six_o demoiselles_fw-fr of_o numidia_n this_o bird_n be_v so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o certain_a way_n of_o act_v that_o it_o have_v wherein_o it_o seem_v to_o imitate_v the_o gesture_n of_o a_o woman_n who_o affect_v a_o grace_n in_o she_o walk_v obeissance_n and_o dance_v this_o resemblance_n must_v be_v think_v to_o have_v some_o reasonable_a ground_n see_v that_o for_o above_o two_o thousand_o year_n the_o author_n which_o according_a to_o our_o conjecture_n have_v treat_v of_o this_o bird_n have_v design_v it_o by_o this_o particularity_n of_o the_o imitation_n of_o the_o gesture_n and_o behaviour_n of_o man._n aristotle_n give_v to_o it_o the_o name_n of_o actor_n or_o comedian-pliny_n call_v it_o parasite_n and_o danser_n athenaeus_n name_n it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d that_o be_v to_o say_v have_v humane_a form_n by_o reason_n that_o it_o imitate_v what_o it_o see_v man_n do_v and_o not_o because_o that_o it_o imitate_v the_o speech_n of_o man_n like_o the_o parrot_n as_o gellius_n understand_v it_o for_o athenaeus_n relate_v the_o manner_n which_o as_o xenophon_n report_v it_o the_o fowler_n make_v use_v of_o to_o take_v these_o bird_n which_o be_v by_o rub_v their_o eye_n in_o their_o presence_n with_o water_n put_v into_o vessel_n which_o they_o do_v carry_v away_o leave_v such_o like_a vessel_n fill_v with_o glue_n wherewith_o these_o bird_n do_v glue_v their_o foot_n and_o eye_n when_o they_o endeavour_v to_o imitate_v what_o they_o have_v see_v other_o do_v it_o be_v probable_a that_o this_o dance_a or_o buffoon_n bird_n be_v rare_a among_o the_o ancient_n because_o pliny_n think_v it_o fabulous_a by_o range_v this_o animal_n which_o he_o call_v satiric_a among_o the_o pegasus_n griffon_n and_o syren_n it_o be_v likewise_o credible_a that_o till_o this_o time_n it_o be_v unknown_a to_o the_o modern_n see_v that_o they_o have_v not_o speak_v thereof_o as_o have_v see_v it_o but_o only_o as_o have_v read_v in_o the_o write_n of_o the_o ancient_n the_o description_n of_o a_o bird_n call_v by_o the_o greek_n scops_n and_o otus_n and_o by_o the_o latin_n asio_fw-la to_o which_o they_o have_v give_v the_o name_n of_o danser_n actor_n and_o comedian_n so_o that_o the_o matter_n in_o question_n be_v to_o see_v whether_o our_o demoisells_n of_o numidia_n may_v pass_v for_o the_o scops_n of_o the_o ancient_n the_o description_n which_o they_o have_v leave_v we_o of_o the_o otus_n or_o scops_n consist_v in_o three_o remarkable_a particular_n which_o be_v see_v in_o the_o demoiselle_fw-fr of_o numidia_n although_o it_o be_v not_o find_v that_o any_o of_o the_o modern_n have_v describe_v it_o and_o that_o it_o have_v relation_n to_o any_o of_o the_o bird_n whereof_o the_o ancient_n have_v speak_v these_o three_o particular_n be_v the_o extraordinary_a posture_n which_o all_o author_n do_v attribute_n unto_o it_o and_o which_o have_v make_v it_o to_o be_v call_v scops_n from_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o according_a to_o athenaeus_n sometime_o signify_v to_o make_v sport_n in_o imitate_v the_o gesture_n of_o any_o one_o and_o the_o same_o author_n say_v that_o scops_n be_v a_o kind_n of_o danse_n so_o call_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o bird_n scops_n which_o be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o inventor_n thereof_o the_o second_o particularity_n by_o which_o aristotle_n and_o pliny_n have_v design_v this_o bird_n consist_v in_o some_o feather_a eminency_n which_o they_o do_v put_v on_o both_o side_n of_o the_o head_n in_o the_o manner_n of_o great_a ear_n the_o three_o be_v the_o colour_n of_o its_o plumage_n which_o alexander_n myndienus_fw-la in_o athenaeus_n declare_v to_o be_v bluish_a and_o of_o a_o lead-colour_n to_o which_o it_o must_v also_o be_v add_v that_o they_o do_v say_v that_o this_o bird_n be_v of_o africa_n there_o be_v none_o of_o those_o that_o have_v see_v the_o demoiselles_fw-fr of_o numidia_n in_o the_o park_n of_o versailles_n who_o have_v not_o observe_v their_o gate_n gesture_n and_o leap_v to_o have_v a_o great_a deal_n of_o relation_n to_o the_o bohemian_a manner_n who_o danse_n they_o seem_v to_o imitate_v and_o it_o may_v be_v say_v that_o they_o be_v main_o please_v to_o show_v their_o graceful_a and_o handsome_a disposition_n for_o leap_v and_o that_o they_o do_v follow_v people_n not_o to_o have_v what_o be_v throw_v to_o they_o to_o eat_v as_o common_o do_v savage_a animal_n when_o they_o be_v tame_v but_o to_o be_v take_v notice_n of_o never_o fail_v when_o they_o see_v that_o they_o be_v look_v upon_o to_o fall_v a_o dance_a and_o sing_v all_o that_o we_o dissect_v have_v the_o feather_a ear_n which_o have_v give_v the_o name_n to_o the_o otus_n of_o the_o ancient_n these_o be_v appendix_n three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o compose_v of_o white_a feather_n make_v of_o fine_a long_a fibres_n after_o the_o manner_n of_o the_o feather_n that_o young_a heron_n have_v on_o the_o back_n near_o the_o wing_n all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o plumage_n be_v of_o a_o leaden_a grace_n such_o as_o it_o be_v describe_v by_o alexander_n myndienus_fw-la in_o the_o otus_n except_o only_o some_o great_a feather_n of_o the_o wing_n which_o be_v of_o a_o dark_a gray_a at_o that_o part_n of_o the_o feather_n which_o appear_v and_o some_o feather_n of_o the_o head_n and_o neck_n but_o for_o all_o this_o the_o plumage_n in_o general_n may_v pass_v for_o a_o lead_n colour_n in_o some_o of_o our_o subject_n the_o head_n have_v on_o its_o crown_n some_o plume_n erect_v like_o a_o crest_n a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o these_o feather_n be_v of_o this_o leaden_a grace_n which_o be_v prevalent_a over_o all_o the_o body_n in_o all_o of_o they_o the_o side_n and_o hinder-part_n of_o the_o head_n be_v garnish_v with_o black_a and_o short_a feather_n than_o the_o rest_n from_o the_o canthus_n or_o corner_n of_o each_o eye_n there_o go_v a_o streak_n of_o white_a feather_n that_o pass_v under_o the_o appendex_n which_o form_v the_o great_a feather_a ear_n the_o forepart_n of_o the_o neck_n be_v adorn_v with_o black_a feather_n compose_v of_o long_a
but_o in_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n there_o be_v observe_v only_o a_o small_a ray_n somewhat_o deep_a on_o which_o the_o dura_n mater_n be_v a_o little_a thicken_a and_o apply_v to_o it_o make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o seam_n the_o sinus_n longitudinalis_fw-la go_v as_o usual_o from_o the_o forepart_n to_o the_o hind-part_n of_o the_o head_n to_o terminate_v at_o the_o meeting_n of_o the_o sinus_n laterales_fw-la which_o be_v fix_v at_o the_o place_n where_o the_o dura_n mater_n separate_v the_o cerebrum_fw-la from_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la these_o two_o sinus_n come_v out_o of_o the_o skull_n through_o some_o particular_a hole_n of_o the_o occiput_fw-la to_o discharge_v themselves_o into_o the_o internal_a jugular_n the_o four_o sinus_n which_o be_v seat_v a_o great_a deal_n back_o warder_n than_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n do_v oblique_o descend_v downward_o and_o divide_v into_o two_o branch_n enter_v into_o the_o ventricles_n of_o the_o brain_n the_o dura_n mater_n be_v take_v away_o we_o find_v the_o glandula_n pinealis_fw-la lay_v upon_o the_o place_n where_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la be_v join_v to_o the_o cerebrum_fw-la it_o be_v about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o little_a pea_n several_a branch_n of_o the_o lacis_fw-la choroide_v enveloped_v it_o the_o pia_n mater_n be_v strew_v with_o a_o great_a number_n of_o vessel_n the_o surface_n of_o the_o brain_n which_o it_o cover_v be_v not_o divide_v into_o several_a sinuosity_n and_o circumvolution_n but_o smooth_a and_o even_a as_o it_o be_v common_o in_o bird_n the_o whole_a anteriour_a part_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v divide_v into_o two_o part_n which_o be_v connect_v together_o only_o by_o some_o very_a slender_a fibres_n the_o separation_n of_o these_o two_o part_n which_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n go_v to_o the_o callous_a body_n be_v absolute_o of_o the_o whole_a brain_n which_o be_v unite_v only_o by_o the_o posteriour_a part_n near_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la this_o separation_n and_o division_n of_o the_o brain_n into_o two_o part_n be_v find_v in_o most_o bird_n and_o it_o be_v well_o know_v by_o quack_n and_o mountebank_n who_o gain_v a_o reputation_n to_o their_o balsam_n by_o cure_v hen_n after_o have_v run_v a_o knife_n through_o their_o head_n which_o they_o easy_o do_v between_o these_o two_o part_n of_o the_o brain_n without_o kill_v they_o in_o each_o of_o these_o two_o part_n there_o be_v a_o cavity_n or_o ventricle_n which_o be_v cover_v over_o with_o a_o white_a medullary_a substance_n half_o a_o line_n thick_a which_o be_v also_o extend_v over_o the_o place_n by_o which_o these_o two_o part_n be_v join_v together_o and_o where_o the_o anteriour_a ventricles_n do_v meet_v in_o a_o three_o in_o this_o three_o there_o be_v a_o cleave_a terminate_n at_o the_o infundibulum_fw-la and_o glandula_n pituitaria_fw-la which_o exact_o shut_v the_o end_n of_o the_o infundibulum_fw-la 〈◊〉_d tunnel_n be_v situate_v as_o usual_o on_o the_o os_fw-mi sphenoide_v at_o the_o posteriâ—…_n part_n of_o the_o two_o anteriour_a ventricles_n there_o be_v see_v the_o lacis_fw-la choroide_v form_v by_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o carotid_n and_o a_o branch_n of_o the_o four_o sinus_n almost_o all_o the_o substance_n of_o the_o brain_n be_v of_o a_o ash-colour_n and_o like_a to_o the_o cortical_a part_n of_o a_o man_n brain_n so_o that_o in_o proportion_n to_o that_o which_o be_v medullary_n it_o be_v ten_o time_n big_a and_o thick_a the_o ten_o pair_n of_o nerve_n take_v their_o rise_n and_o come_v out_o of_o the_o skull_n after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o in_o terrestrial_a animal_n the_o spinalis_fw-la medulla_n which_o take_v its_o origine_fw-la from_o the_o place_n where_o the_o two_o part_n of_o the_o anteriour_a brain_n be_v join_v together_o and_o with_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la have_v at_o its_o side_n two_o round_a eminency_n about_o the_o bigness_n of_o a_o small_a nut._n they_o have_v each_o a_o considerable_a cavity_n and_o do_v form_n as_o it_o be_v two_o ventricles_n open_v themselves_o into_o the_o inferior_a ductus_fw-la which_o pass_v under_o that_o which_o be_v call_v sylvius_n bridge_n and_o through_o which_o the_o serosity_n of_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la be_v discharge_v into_o the_o infundibulum_fw-la in_o the_o cerebellum_fw-la the_o cortical_a and_o medullary_a part_n be_v dispose_v after_o the_o same_o manner_n as_o they_o be_v see_v in_o terrestrial_a animal_n these_o different_a part_n appear_v on_o the_o outside_n to_o be_v range_v by_o plate_n join_v to_o each_o other_o and_o distinguish_v by_o parallel_a line_n there_o be_v two_o apophysis_n vermiforme_v as_o in_o man._n there_o be_v also_o a_o ventricle_n of_o the_o shape_n of_o a_o pen_n as_o in_o the_o generality_n of_o terrestrial_a animal_n the_o cerebellum_fw-la on_o the_o inside_n be_v compose_v as_o ordinary_o of_o a_o white_a substance_n like_o branch_n of_o tree_n and_o of_o another_o red_a and_o livid_v sustance_n the_o figure_n of_o the_o eye_n like_v as_o in_o other_o bird_n and_o fish_n be_v compose_v of_o two_o semiglobe_n the_o great_a of_o which_o form_v by_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la have_v its_o flat_a part_n before_o the_o other_o a_o great_a deal_n less_o be_v lay_v on_o the_o flat_a of_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la this_o little_a semi-globe_n be_v the_o cornea_n which_o have_v all_o round_a a_o raise_a circle_n make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o border_n the_o optic_a nerve_n do_v not_o enter_v at_o the_o middle_n but_o a_o little_a at_o the_o side_n towards_o the_o angle_n which_o the_o convexity_n of_o the_o sclerotica_fw-la make_v with_o the_o flat_a part_n the_o crystalline_a have_v no_o kernel_n but_o its_o substance_n be_v uniform_a it_o be_v more_o convex_a on_o the_o inside_n than_o on_o the_o out_o the_o choroide_n be_v entire_o black_a without_o have_v in_o the_o bottom_n that_o various_a colour_a and_o as_o it_o be_v gild_a membrane_n which_o we_o call_v the_o tapetum_fw-la the_o optic_a nerve_n have_v pierce_v the_o sclerotica_fw-la and_o choroide_v be_v dilate_v and_o form_v as_o it_o be_v a_o tunnel_n of_o a_o substance_n like_o its_o own_o this_o tunnel_n be_v not_o ordinary_o round_a in_o bird_n where_o we_o have_v almost_o always_o find_v the_o extremity_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n flat_v and_o compress_v on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o eye_n from_o this_o tunnel_n proceed_v a_o fold_a membrane_n make_v as_o it_o be_v a_o purse_n which_o end_v in_o a_o point_n towards_o the_o border_n of_o the_o crystalline_a near_a the_o entrance_n of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n this_o purse_n be_v six_o line_n at_o the_o bottom_n at_o its_o come_n out_o of_o the_o optic_a nerve_n and_o go_v pointwise_o towards_o the_o top_n be_v fasten_v by_o its_o point_n to_o the_o border_n of_o the_o crystalline_a by_o mean_n of_o the_o membrane_n which_o cover_v it_o on_o the_o side_n of_o the_o vitreous_a humour_n and_o which_o do_v also_o cover_v the_o whole_a purse_n that_o be_v black_a but_o of_o another_o black_a than_o be_v that_o of_o the_o choroide_n which_o appear_v like_o a_o spot_n of_o water_n colour_n which_o stick_v to_o the_o finger_n for_o the_o colour_n penetrate_v the_o membrane_n the_o upper_a glandula_n lachrymalis_fw-la which_o be_v common_o hide_v on_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o exterior_a angle_n of_o the_o orbite_n be_v place_v in_o a_o cavity_n sink_v into_o that_o part_n of_o the_o coronalis_fw-la which_o go_v to_o make_v the_o superior_a part_n of_o the_o orbite_n it_o be_v eight_o line_n in_o length_n and_o four_o in_o breadth_n its_o tube_n be_v dispose_v after_o the_o usual_a manner_n the_o explication_n of_o the_o figure_n of_o the_o cassowary_a the_o low_a figure_n show_v that_o the_o head_n neck_n and_o bunch_n on_o the_o breast_n be_v without_o feather_n that_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n appear_v rather_o garnish_v with_o hair_n than_o feather_n that_o the_o fleshy_a appendix_n wherewith_o the_o low_a beak_n of_o hen_n be_v ordinary_o deck_v be_v in_o this_o bird_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o neck_n that_o the_o head_n be_v cover_v with_o a_o crest_n like_o a_o helmet_n that_o the_o beak_n be_v divide_v at_o the_o end_n that_o instead_o of_o feather_n the_o wing_n have_v only_o five_o quill_n without_o beard_n and_o that_o the_o rump_n and_o foot_n be_v extraordinary_a big_a in_o the_o upper_a figure_n a_o a._n represent_v one_o of_o the_o feather_n which_o be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n double_a b._n the_o tongue_n with_o the_o knot_n of_o the_o larynx_n c._n the_o spleen_n d._n the_o splenick_n artery_n e._n the_o splenick_n vein_n f._n the_o craw._n g._n the_o first_o ventricle_n h._n the_o second_o ventricle_n i._o a_o appendix_n of_o the_o second_o ventricle_n t._n the_o head_n of_o the_o appendix_n which_o stop_v the_o pylorus_n k._n the_o gallbladder_n l_o l._n the_o ductus_fw-la cysticus_fw-la m_o m._n the_o ductus_fw-la hepaticus_fw-la n._n the_o pancreas_n o_o q._n
the_o internal_a eyelidd_a extend_v over_o the_o cornea_n p_o q_o p._n the_o internal_a eyelid_n draw_v from_o over_o the_o cornea_n and_o bring_v into_o the_o great_a canthus_n of_o the_o eye_n p_o sir_n q._n the_o great_a muscle_n of_o the_o internal_a eyelid_n q_o be_v its_o origine_fw-la p_o its_o insertion_n saint_n the_o optic_a nerve_n on_o which_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o muscle_n be_v fold_v r_o the_o aponeurosis_n of_o the_o little_a muscle_n which_o serve_v as_o a_o poultry_n to_o the_o tendon_n of_o the_o great_a one_o r_o r._n the_o little_a muscle_n t_o t._n the_o glandula_n lacrymalis_n five_o v._n the_o vessel_n of_o the_o glandula_n lacrymalis_n x_o a._n the_o ductus_fw-la lacrymalis_n x_o be_v its_o aperture_n towards_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o internal_a eyelid_n through_o which_o the_o humour_n be_v pour_v on_o the_o cornea_n y_fw-fr z._n the_o great_a muscle_n extend_v z_o be_v its_o origine_fw-la y_o its_o insertion_n a._n the_o trunk_n of_o the_o low_a vena_fw-la cava_fw-la b_o b._n the_o emulgent_n c_o c_o c_o c._n the_o kidney_n d_o f_o d_o f._n the_o epididymis_fw-la e_o e._n the_o testicle_n d_o g_o d_o g._n the_o deferentia_fw-la g_o g_o g_o g._n the_o ureter_n the_o anatomical_a description_n of_o a_o cassowar_n before_o the_o year_n 1597_o this_o bird_n be_v never_o see_v in_o europe_n and_o no_o author_n of_o the_o ancient_n or_o modern_n have_v speak_v thereof_o the_o hollander_n bring_v one_o at_o the_o return_n of_o their_o first_o voyage_n from_o india_n it_o be_v give_v they_o as_o a_o rarity_n by_o a_o prince_n of_o the_o isle_n of_o java_n six_o year_n after_o they_o bring_v two_o other_o but_o they_o die_v on_o the_o way_n that_o here_o describe_v be_v send_v to_o the_o king_n in_o 1671_o by_o the_o governor_n of_o madagascar_n who_o have_v buy_v it_o of_o the_o merchant_n which_o return_v from_o the_o indies_n it_o live_v four_o year_n at_o versailles_n clusius_n say_v that_o in_o the_o indies_n it_o be_v call_v eme._n we_o have_v not_o yet_o be_v able_a to_o understand_v wherefore_o it_o be_v in_o french_a call_v casuel_n or_o gasuel_n this_o bird_n next_o the_o ostrich_n be_v the_o great_a and_o weighty_a of_o all_o that_o we_o know_v that_o which_o clusius_n describe_v which_o be_v the_o first_o that_o the_o hollander_n bring_v from_o india_n be_v a_o four_o less_o than_o we_o which_o measure_v five_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a in_o length_n from_o the_o end_n of_o the_o beak_n to_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o talon_n the_o leg_n be_v two_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a from_o the_o belly_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o talon_n the_o head_n and_o neck_n be_v a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a together_o the_o great_a toe_n comprehend_v the_o nail_n be_v five_o inch_n long_o the_o nail_n of_o the_o little_a toe_n three_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a the_o wing_n be_v so_o little_a that_o it_o do_v not_o appear_v be_v quite_o hide_v under_o the_o feather_n of_o the_o back_n aldrovandus_n who_o have_v only_o see_v the_o description_n that_o be_v give_v thereof_o in_o the_o relation_n of_o the_o first_o voyage_n of_o the_o hollander_n report_n that_o this_o bird_n be_v chief_o admirable_a in_o that_o it_o have_v neither_o wing_n nor_o tongue_n in_o our_o subject_n we_o find_v this_o a_o falsity_n this_o author_n may_v also_o have_v add_v that_o it_o have_v no_o feather_n because_o that_o indeed_o those_o which_o do_v cover_v it_o do_v better_o resemble_v the_o hair_n of_o a_o bear_n or_o wild-boar_n than_o feather_n or_o down_o so_o harsh_a long_o and_o thin_a be_v the_o fibre_n which_o do_v compose_v the_o beard_n of_o these_o plume_n all_o these_o plume_n be_v of_o one_o sort_n different_a from_o bird_n which_o fly_v where_o there_o be_v some_o feather_n for_o flight_n and_o other_o only_o for_o cover_v the_o skin_n our_o cassowar_n have_v only_o of_o the_o last_o sort_n they_o be_v most_o double_a have_v two_o long_a tube_n or_o stem'_v proceed_v from_o another_o very_a short_a one_o which_o be_v fasten_v to_o the_o skin_n clusius_n say_v that_o they_o be_v always_o double_a in_o our_o subject_n there_o be_v a_o great_a many_o single_a those_o which_o be_v double_a be_v always_o of_o a_o unequal_a length_n some_o be_v fourteen_o inch_n long_o we_o have_v already_o remark_v this_o kind_n of_o feather_n in_o a_o eagle_n and_o a_o parrot_n but_o those_o of_o the_o cassowar_n have_v three_o particularity_n the_o first_o be_v that_o the_o beard_n which_o do_v adorn_v the_o stem_n from_o the_o half_a to_o the_o end_n be_v long_o and_o harsh_a like_o horsehair_n without_o cast_v out_o any_o fibre_n and_o in_o this_o they_o be_v different_a from_o the_o plume_n of_o heron_n who_o long_a and_o slender_a beard_n be_v not_o of_o single_a fibre_n as_o they_o do_v appear_v for_o they_o be_v deck_v on_o each_o side_n with_o little_a fibres_n so_o short_a that_o they_o be_v almost_o imperceptible_a the_o second_o particularity_n be_v that_o in_o this_o half_a the_o stem_n be_v not_o different_a from_o the_o beard_n be_v neither_o big_a nor_o of_o a_o different_a colour_n as_o be_v common_o in_o the_o feather_n of_o other_o bird_n the_o three_o particularity_n be_v that_o these_o beard_n be_v perfect_o black_a and_o that_o those_o of_o the_o other_o half_o be_v of_o a_o grayish_a tawny_a short_a soft_a and_o cast_v forth_o small_a fibres_n like_v down_o now_o there_o be_v only_o this_o part_n compose_v of_o great_a and_o black_a fibres_n that_o appear_v the_o other_o part_n compose_v of_o down_o be_v cover_v over_o therewith_o the_o different_a hair_n wherewith_o the_o skin_n of_o castor_n boar_n and_o other_o animal_n which_o be_v subject_a to_o wallow_v in_o the_o mire_n be_v cover_v be_v dispose_v after_o this_o manner_n for_o the_o use_n which_o be_v explain_v in_o the_o description_n of_o the_o castor_n the_o neck_n be_v without_o feather_n as_o in_o the_o indian-cock_n the_o head_n also_o have_v none_o it_o have_v only_o some_o hair_n erect_v on_o the_o crown_n especial_o towards_o the_o hind_a part_n and_o on_o the_o neck_n there_o be_v no_o tail_n the_o feather_n which_o do_v cover_v the_o rump_n which_o be_v extraordinary_a great_a not_o be_v different_a from_o the_o other_o nor_o otherwise_o dispose_v the_o wing_n which_o without_o the_o feather_n be_v not_o three_o inch_n in_o length_n be_v cover_v with_o the_o same_o sort_n of_o plume_n and_o do_v each_o cast_n forth_o five_o great_a tube_n or_o stem_n without_o any_o beard_n clusius_n put_v down_o but_o four_o they_o be_v of_o different_a length_n according_a to_o the_o disposition_n and_o proportion_n that_o the_o finger_n have_v in_o the_o hand_n the_o long_a be_v eleven_o inch_n be_v three_o line_n diameter_n towards_o the_o root_n which_o be_v only_o a_o little_a big_a than_o the_o extremity_n which_o go_v not_o point_v but_o do_v appear_v break_v or_o ragged_a their_o colour_n be_v of_o a_o very_a shine_a black_a we_o do_v not_o think_v these_o wing_n can_v serve_v to_o assist_v it_o to_o walk_v as_o clusius_n imagine_v there_o be_v great_a probability_n that_o it_o may_v be_v thereby_o aid_v to_o strike_v as_o with_o switch_n the_o head_n appear_v little_a as_o in_o the_o ostrich_n because_o that_o it_o be_v not_o enlarge_v with_o feather_n as_o in_o other_o bird_n it_o be_v cover_v with_o a_o crest_n three_o inch_n high_a like_o that_o of_o a_o helmet_n this_o crest_n cover_v not_o all_o the_o crown_n of_o the_o head_n for_o it_o begin_v but_o a_o little_a beyond_o the_o crown_n and_o end_v at_o the_o begin_n of_o the_o beak_n it_o be_v of_o different_a colour_n the_o fore_a part_n be_v blackish_a and_o the_o hinder-part_n and_o side_n of_o a_o wax-colour_n it_o be_v every_o where_o smooth_a and_o shine_a like_o horn._n its_o circumference_n be_v like_o a_o edge_n not_o exceed_v three_o line_n in_o that_o place_n from_o thence_o it_o go_v enlarge_n and_o towards_o its_o basis_n be_v about_o a_o inch_n it_o be_v substance_n which_o be_v very_o hard_o appear_v to_o we_o like_o horn_n be_v compose_v of_o several_a laminae_fw-la or_o plate_n like_o the_o horn_n of_o oxen._n clusius_n say_v that_o when_o the_o bird_n molt_v the_o crest_n fall_v off_o with_o the_o feather_n which_o seem_v to_o we_o incredible_a consider_v the_o substance_n of_o the_o crest_n suppose_v that_o it_o be_v a_o horn_n for_o it_o be_v not_o of_o the_o nature_n of_o deer_n horn_n which_o do_v shed_v and_o grow_v again_o and_o we_o make_v enquiry_n after_o this_o particularity_n of_o those_o which_o do_v look_v after_o the_o animal_n of_o versailles_n who_o for_o the_o space_n of_o four_o year_n have_v not_o see_v the_o crest_n fall_v we_o do_v hearty_o wish_v that_o we_o have_v be_v permit_v to_o examine_v by_o the_o
dissection_n after_o what_o manner_n this_o crest_n be_v join_v to_o the_o scull_n viz._n whether_o the_o scull_n send_v forth_o any_o bony_a production_n into_o the_o cavity_n of_o the_o crest_n as_o it_o be_v observe_v that_o there_o be_v such_o in_o horn_n which_o be_v hollow_a or_o whether_o it_o be_v a_o solid_a body_n but_o there_o be_v a_o express_a order_n from_o the_o king_n to_o preserve_v the_o skin_n of_o this_o animal_n to_o adorn_v the_o aviary_n of_o versailles_n the_o upper_a part_n of_o the_o beak_n be_v very_o hard_o at_o its_o two_o edge_n and_o at_o top_n the_o interstice_n on_o each_o side_n have_v but_o one_o membrane_n in_o which_o be_v the_o hole_n of_o the_o nostril_n very_o near_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o beak_n this_o extremity_n of_o the_o beak_n be_v divide_v in_o three_o almost_o as_o in_o the_o indian-cock_n the_o end_n of_o the_o low_a beak_n be_v slight_o indent_v be_v likewise_o divide_v in_o three_o the_o whole_a beak_n be_v of_o a_o dark-gray_a 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bottom_n and_o these_o red_a place_n be_v raise_v a_o little_a high_o than_o the_o rest_n in_o wrinkle_n run_v oblique_o cross_v the_o neck_n clusius_n say_v that_o there_o be_v red_a plume_n towards_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o neck_n which_o we_o have_v not_o find_v in_o our_o subject_n at_o the_o bottom_n of_o the_o neck_n there_o be_v two_o fleshy_a appendix_n like_o those_o which_o hang_v down_o at_o the_o low_a beak_n of_o hen_n they_o be_v a_o inch_n and_o a_o half_a long_o and_o nine_o line_n broad_a be_v round_v at_o the_o end_n their_o colour_n be_v like_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o neck_n partly_o red_a and_o partly_o blue_a at_o the_o middle_n of_o the_o breast_n there_o be_v a_o place_n without_o feather_n about_o six_o inch_n long_o of_o a_o oval_a figure_n a_o little_a point_v at_o the_o top_n this_o place_n be_v a_o callosity_n on_o which_o the_o bird_n do_v rest_n as_o do_v the_o camel._n it_o be_v compose_v of_o a_o dry_a skin_n fasten_v to_o a_o bony_a ligament_n very_o 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and_o it_o must_v be_v think_v that_o nature_n have_v supply_v the_o defect_n of_o the_o gizzard_n by_o the_o multitude_n of_o the_o ventricles_n that_o it_o have_v give_v it_o provide_v with_o a_o quality_n particular_a and_o capable_a of_o dissolve_v the_o hard_a and_o most_o solid_a aliment_n this_o have_v seem_v credible_a to_o we_o consider_v in_o what_o state_n the_o two_o ventricles_n and_o craw_n be_v find_v for_o the_o ventricles_n be_v quite_o empty_a have_v only_o the_o craw_n that_o have_v any_o thing_n in_o it_o and_o the_o nourishment_n which_o it_o contain_v be_v more_o than_o half_o digest_v which_o make_v we_o to_o judge_v of_o the_o strength_n that_o these_o ventricles_n must_v common_o have_v see_v that_o their_o craw_n have_v
which_o be_v sufficient_a to_o cover_v a_o large_a cabin_n where_o several_a person_n may_v lodge_v but_o we_o be_v a_o land-tortoise_n and_o those_o that_o pliny_n and_o elian_n do_v make_v mention_n of_o be_v sea-tortoise_n where_o animal_n do_v general_o grow_v much_o large_a than_o those_o of_o the_o same_o species_n which_o do_v live_v upon_o land_n elian_n declare_v that_o land-tortoise_n be_v not_o ordinary_o great_a than_o the_o large_a clod_n turn_v up_o by_o the_o blow_n when_o the_o land_n be_v light_a the_o large_a sea-tortoise_n which_o they_o do_v take_v near_o the_o antilles_n according_a to_o the_o relation_n we_o have_v have_v thereof_o be_v not_o above_o as_o big_a again_o as_o we_o the_o shell_n and_o all_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o animal_n be_v of_o the_o same_o colour_n viz._n of_o a_o very_a dark_a grace_n the_o upper_a part_n be_v compose_v of_o several_a piece_n of_o a_o different_a figure_n though_o the_o most_o part_n be_v pentagonal_a all_o these_o piece_n be_v fix_v and_o join_v unto_o a_o bone_n which_o like_o a_o skull_n enclose_v the_o entrail_n of_o the_o animal_n have_v one_o aperture_n before_o to_o let_v out_o the_o head_n shoulder_n and_o foreleg_n and_o another_o opposite_a through_o which_o come_v out_o the_o hinder_a leg_n and_o thigh_n this_o bone_n on_o which_o the_o scale_n be_v fasten_v be_v a_o line_n and_o half_a in_o the_o thin_a place_n and_o near_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a in_o some_o place_n it_o be_v general_o double_a there_o be_v one_o upon_o the_o back_n and_o another_o under_o the_o belly_n which_o like_o two_o breastplate_n or_o buckler_n be_v join_v by_o the_o side_n and_o tie_v together_o by_o strong_a and_o hard_a ligament_n but_o which_o do_v nevertheless_o grant_v liberty_n for_o any_o motion_n elian_n tell_v we_o that_o land-tortoise_n do_v cast_v their_o shell_n instead_o of_o say_v their_o shell_n that_o be_v to_o say_v those_o piece_n which_o be_v fix_v on_o the_o bone_n make_v after_o the_o manner_n 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have_v observe_v in_o a_o live_a tortoise_n that_o be_v turn_v upon_o his_o back_n and_o not_o be_v able_a to_o make_v use_n of_o his_o paw_n for_o the_o turn_n himself_o because_o that_o they_o can_v bend_v only_o towards_o the_o belly_n it_o can_v help_v itself_o only_o by_o its_o neck_n and_o head_n which_o it_o turn_v sometime_o on_o one_o side_n and_o sometime_o on_o the_o other_o by_o push_v against_o the_o ground_n to_o rock_v itself_o as_o in_o a_o cradle_n to_o find_v out_o the_o side_n towards_o which_o the_o inequality_n of_o the_o ground_n may_v more_o easy_o permit_v it_o to_o roll_n its_o shell_n for_o when_o it_o have_v find_v it_o it_o make_v all_o its_o endeavour_n on_o that_o side_n the_o three_o great_a piece_n of_o the_o shell_n be_v upon_o the_o back_o forward_o they_o have_v each_o in_o their_o middle_n a_o round_a bunch_n stand_v up_o three_o or_o four_o line_n and_o a_o inch_n and_o half_a broad_a the_o low_a part_n of_o the_o belly_n be_v a_o little_a hollow_a author_n have_v take_v notice_n that_o this_o cavity_n be_v peculiar_a to_o the_o male_n upon_o the_o back_n there_o be_v a_o wound_n occasion_v by_o some_o blow_n that_o it_o have_v receive_v when_o it_o be_v take_v this_o wound_n which_o pierce_v only_o the_o shell_n and_o part_n of_o the_o bone_n which_o sustain_v it_o without_o penetrate_v on_o the_o inside_n be_v not_o heal_v within_o more_o than_o a_o year_n which_o she_o live_v after_o her_o be_v take_v all_o that_o proceed_v out_o of_o the_o shell_n viz._n the_o head_n shoulder_n foreleg_n tail_n buttock_n and_o hind-legg_n be_v all_o cover_v with_o a_o loose_a skin_n fold_v in_o great_a wrinkle_n and_o beside_o that_o grain_a like_o spanish_a leather_n this_o skin_n do_v not_o enter_v under_o the_o shell_n to_o cover_v the_o part_n which_o be_v there_o enclose_v but_o it_o be_v fasten_v about_o the_o edge_n of_o each_o of_o the_o two_o aperture_n the_o skin_n of_o sea-tortoise_n be_v cover_v all_o along_o the_o leg_n with_o little_a scale_n like_o fish_n albertus_n say_v that_o great_a tortoise_n have_v a_o shell_n over_o their_o head_n in_o form_n of_o a_o buckler_n the_o head_n of_o our_o tortoise_n be_v only_o cover_v with_o a_o skin_n which_o be_v much_o thin_a than_o that_o of_o the_o other_o part_n it_o be_v seven_o inch_n in_o length_n and_o five_o in_o breadth_n and_o do_v in_o some_o measure_n resemble_v the_o head_n of_o a_o serpent_n the_o low_a jaw_n be_v near_o as_o thick_a as_o the_o upper_a there_o be_v no_o aperture_n for_o the_o ear_n the_o nostril_n be_v open_v at_o the_o end_n of_o the_o mouth_n by_o two_o little_a round_a hole_n after_o a_o uncouth_a manner_n the_o eye_n be_v small_a and_o frightful_a but_o we_o have_v observe_v nothing_o in_o respect_n of_o the_o tortoise_n which_o may_v make_v we_o to_o comprehend_v why_o gillius_fw-la and_o gesner_n in_o translate_n the_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o elian_n make_v use_v of_o to_o express_v the_o deformity_n of_o the_o tortoise_n have_v render_v it_o crispissima_fw-la aspectu_fw-la instead_o of_o aspectu_fw-la admodum_fw-la torvo_fw-la for_o the_o greek_a signify_v both_o and_o the_o interpretation_n of_o the_o translator_n of_o elian_n have_v nothing_o of_o the_o sense_n as_o the_o other_o which_o agree_v with_o the_o description_n of_o pacuvius_n who_o say_v that_o the_o tortoise_n be_v truci_fw-la aspectu_fw-la the_o eye_n have_v no_o upper_a eyelid_n be_v shut_v only_o by_o the_o mean_n of_o the_o low_a which_o be_v lift_v up_o to_o the_o eyebrow_n pliny_n report_v that_o this_o be_v common_a to_o all_o oviparous_a quadruped_n towards_o the_o extremity_n of_o the_o jawbone_n at_o the_o place_n of_o the_o lip_n the_o skin_n be_v hard_a as_o a_o horn_n and_o keen_a as_o in_o other_o tortoise_n but_o these_o lip_n be_v jagged_a like_o a_o saw_n and_o it_o want_v not_o on_o the_o inside_n two_o row_n of_o real_a tooth_n although_o pliny_n affirm_v that_o tortoise_n have_v neither_o tooth_n nor_o tongue_n on_o each_o of_o the_o fore-paw_n it_o have_v five_o toe_n or_o rather_o five_o nail_n for_o the_o toe_n be_v not_o distinguish_v otherwise_o than_o by_o the_o nail_n these_o paw_n have_v at_o the_o end_n but_o one_o round_a mass_n from_o whence_o the_o nail_n grow_v out_o the_o hinder-legg_n have_v only_o four_o both_o the_o fore_n and_o hind-legg_n be_v very_o short_a the_o fore_o one_o contain_v but_o 9_o inch_n in_o length_n from_o the_o top_n of_o the_o shoulder_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o nail_n and_o hinder_v leg_n eleven_o from_o the_o knee_n to_o the_o end_n of_o the_o nail_n the_o nail_n be_v long_o be_v a_o inch_n and_o half._n they_o be_v round_v away_o both_o above_o and_o below_o their_o cut_n make_v a_o oval_a figure_n they_o be_v blunt_a and_o wear_v away_o their_o colour_n be_v particoloured_a of_o black_a and_o white_a in_o different_a place_n and_o without_o any_o order_n we_o have_v observe_v that_o sea-tortoise_n have_v claw_n or_o nail_n much_o sharp_a because_o that_o they_o donot_v wear_v they_o in_o swim_v as_o land-tortoise_n do_v in_o crawl_v we_o have_v find_v some_o that_o have_v only_o four_o nail_n on_o the_o fore-feet_n even_o as_o on_o those_o behind_o albertus_n tell_v we_o that_o there_o be_v always_o five_o on_o each_o foot._n we_o have_v remark_v that_o though_o the_o tortoise_n go_v slow_o yet_o the_o manner_n of_o go_v which_o be_v peculiar_a to_o it_o must_v wear_v out_o its_o claw_n as_o much_o as_o in_o animal_n which_o run_v for_o it_o rub_v they_o all_o against_o the_o earth_n single_o and_o one_o after_o another_o so_o that_o when_o it_o put_v down_o one_o paw_n it_o rest_v at_o first_o only_o upon_o the_o hindermost_a nail_n then_o on_o the_o next_o and_o so_o pass_v to_o
each_o side_n the_o first_o which_o draw_v the_o os_fw-mi hyoide_n forward_a go_v from_o the_o symphysis_n of_o the_o low_a jaw_n to_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o os_fw-mi hyoide_n the_o second_o which_o draw_v it_o side_n way_n go_v from_o the_o interior_a part_n of_o the_o omoplata_n to_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o hyoide_n the_o three_o which_o draw_v it_o upward_o go_v from_o one_o of_o its_o horn_n to_o its_o basis._n the_o four_o which_o draw_v the_o tongue_n forward_o go_v from_o the_o symphysis_n of_o the_o chin_n to_o the_o side_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o five_o which_o draw_v the_o tongue_n sideways_o and_o towards_o the_o basis_n go_v from_o one_o of_o the_o horn_n of_o the_o os_fw-mi hyoide_n to_o the_o basis_n of_o the_o tongue_n the_o necessity_n that_o there_o be_v of_o keep_v the_o remain_v of_o this_o rare_a and_o extraordinary_a subject_n for_o a_o ornament_n of_o the_o aviary_n of_o versailles_n have_v hinder_v we_o from_o perâ—…uing_v any_o far_a the_o enquiry_n of_o the_o organ_n of_o sense_n in_o the_o head_n of_o our_o tortoise_n we_o have_v supply_v this_o defect_n by_o the_o dissection_n of_o several_a other_o tortoise_n where_o we_o have_v observe_v that_o the_o olfactory_a nerve_n terminate_v at_o a_o delicate_a membrane_n of_o a_o black-colour_n which_o cover_v the_o inside_n of_o the_o nostril_n this_o membrane_n have_v neither_o fold_n nor_o ridge_n that_o do_v enter_v into_o the_o hole_n of_o the_o os_fw-mi ethmoide_v in_o the_o anteriour_a part_n of_o the_o palate_n there_o be_v two_o hole_n which_o open_v into_o the_o nostril_n as_o to_o the_o ear_n in_o our_o small_a tortoise_n as_o well_o as_o the_o great_a there_o be_v no_o external_n aperture_n the_o bone_n do_v appear_v only_o sink_v at_o the_o right_a side_n of_o the_o temple_n and_o the_o skin_n cover_v this_o sink_v be_v thin_a and_o more_o delicate_a than_o elsewhere_o and_o seem_v also_o some_o what_o sink_v in_o this_o place_n after_o have_v take_v away_o this_o skin_n 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