which may be any ways noxious to the inward part of the Body And it also preventeth sudden Sickness if you do suspect it Fifthly the opening of the two Plate or Breast-Veins do help the Anticor Sickness of the Heart Morfoundring which is the Foundring in the Body by over-riding whereby the Grease of the Horse is molten it also preventeth Diseases in the Liver Lungs and inward parts grieved and sometimes Hurts in the Shoulder which causeth Lameness before Sixthly we use to touch the two Thigh-Veins before which helpeth Foundring in the fore-Feet Mallenders Splent Screw Ring-bone and such like infirmities in the fore-Foot and such other higher Parts Seventhly we use to take Blood from the four Shackle-Veins before and this is very good for the Crow-scab Ring-bone and such like Diseases Eighthly we use to strike the two Spur-Veins which Cureth the Farcin in the Sides Morfoundring swelling under the Belly which is a Disease called the Feltrick and the like Ninthly we prick the two Toe-Veins which do help Frettizing Foundering Hoof-bound beating of the Horses Feet by Riding upon hard and stony ways and the like Tenthly we open the two Thigh-Veins behind and this doth help the Grief of the Kidneys swelling in the Hinder-Legs Foundring Sellenders Scratches Kybes c. And it also helpeth Diseases in and about the Belly as Pissing of blood Pissing oft after great and extraordinary hard labour and the weakness of the Reins the Back Belly Guts or any other of the inward Parts the Curb Spaven and such Diseases which come of Rankness of Blood Eleventhly we sometimes do open the four Shackle-Veins behind and this is very good against Founderings and other pains in and about the Feet Twelfthly we let Blood in the two Flank or Hanch-Veins and this is most probable for all kind of Feavers the Stones Poverty and the Felter-worm Thirteenthly we draw Blood from the two Tail-Veins which Cureth the Mange in the Tail falling of the Hair or Itch in the Tail And these are for the most part all the Veins that are usually opened So that the full sum or number of Veins which Farriers commonly open are thirty Other Veins there are which are of a smaller proportion and therefore not fit to be opened I will not say that these Veins so opened doth Cure the Diseases absolutely but it doth sometimes asswage the Malignancy of the Malady sometimes it preventeth Diseases and sometimes again it prepareth the Body the better to receive such Physical Drinks which do inwardly Cure them and such Salves Oyls Unguents which do dry and heal up outward Infirmities c. How many Bones a Horse hath and where they are Situated All the Bones which every Horse hath whereby to make up an Organical Body are these viz. He hath in his Head thirty nine or fourty Teeth The Bones in his Head do Comprehend the Crocks and Handles of the Scull albeit they be composed of parts and parcels of other Bones also the two flat Handles which from the Pallat and the Fork or Throat hath five the Chine hath fifty two the Breast one the Ribs hath thirty six the fore-Legs and fore-Feet hath fourty four and the hinder-Legs and Feet fourty so as the whole structure of the Body of a Horse whereby to perfect a full Building of Bones consisteth of about two hundred fifty seven or two hundred fifty nine if they be rightly computed which do represent themselves altogether at what time the perfect Anatomy of a Horse is laid open Of the Elements The Elements are four and they give Life and Nutriment unto Man and all other living Creatures They are these Fire Air Water and Earth Their Nature The Nature of Fire is to be hot and dry Air to be hot and moist Water to be cold and moist and Earth to be cold and dry Signes of the Zodiack Aries Taurus Gemini Cancer Leo Virgo Libra Scorpio Sagittarius Capricornus Aquarius Pisces These do all Govern the twelve Months of the year and are placed above the Zodiack Names of the Planets Saturn Jupiter Mars Sol Venus Mercury and Lunâ—a The Government of the Signes Aries governs the Head Taurus the Neck Gemini the Shoulders and Armes Cancer the Stomach and Breast Leo the Heart Virgo the Belly and Guts Libra the Reins and Buttocks Scorpio the Privy Parts Sagittarius the Thighs Capricornus the Knees Aquarius the Legs and Pisces the Feet The best time to let a Horse Blood in If there be no extraordinary cause as in Case of desperate Sickness or so then Jan. the third and fifteenth Feb. the fourth and ninth Mar. the seventeenth and eighteenth April the tenth and sixteenth May the first and thirteenth June the fifteenth and twentieth But for July and August by reason that the Canicular days be then predominant Blood-letting is not so good but only in urgent Case of Necessity In Septemb. the eleventh and twenty eighth Octob. the eighth and twenty third Novemb. the fifth and Seeds Gather Seeds and Fruits when they be fully ripe and they also last but one whole year Rind or Bark Gather the Rind or Bark of any Simple when the Herb is ripe dry them and they will last many years The Office of the Farrier What Points Consist the Office of the Farrier IT Consists in four things viz. Science Experience Knowledge and Handy Work But I shall let pass the first three and speak to Handy-Work and that is To Heat an Iron well to Turn a Shoo well to make and Point a Nail well to Pare the Hoof well to Cauterize well to let Blood well to be light and well-Handied Bold and Hardy and Dressing of a Horse well of such Accidents as may happen unto him The Principal Members of a Horse Some hold that there be four and make the Stones or Gignitors one but I say there are but three The Liver the Heart and The Brain and if he be offended in any of these he will die but if any other Member besides these be hurt he may live and therefore the Stones or Gignitors cannot be one of the Principal Members for you cannot touch any of those three but you kill him out-right or desperately endanger him Now the Stones may receive hurt and if I despair of Curing them I can cut them out without peril of his life Of the Sinews and of the number of them There are two Sinews or Tendons which are white and begin at the end of the Nose and extend themselves along the Neck and along the Back and make their extent to the four Legs and take their ligaments in the fore-Feet There are in every Horse twenty nine or thirty great and small The two great Sinews which I named before It. Two Branches which are main Sinews that proceed from the Brain and run down the Cheeks to the Teeth It. There are from the Shoulders to the first Joynt of the Armes or fore-Legs downwards two great Sinews It. From the Knees to the Pasterns are four
ib. Retiring ib. Of bitting 28 Of streight turnes and turnings ib. The first streight tnrn ib. The other streight turn 29 How to help an ill Rein and Cure a Run-away Jade 30 The help ib. Another for unconstant Carriage ib. The Office of the Feeder The Introduction to the Work touching the time limited for a hunting horse 31 Their Reasons ib. Long time inconvenient ib. The first Ordering of the Running Horse according to the several Estates of their Bodies 34 To have an Eye to the particular Estate of a horses Body ib. The first Fortnights feeding of a horse for a Match that is fat foul or either newly taken from Grass or Soil 35 His feet stopped with Cow-dung ib. Four Considerations in giving of Heats 37 The second Fortnights feeding 38 The first read ib. The Vse of the Muzzel ib. The first Scouring 40 Ordering of him after his Scouring ib. The third Fortnights feeding 41 The second Bread ib. The fourth last Fortnights feeding 42 The last and best Bread ib. Certain Observations and Advantages for every Feeder to observe in sundry Accidents 44 Of Meat and Drink ib. Observations for Lameness 45 Observations from the estate of his Body ib From his Inclinations ib. From his outward handling ib. From his privy Parts 46 For his Limbs ib. For Water ib. Observations from the Ground to run on ib. Observations from Sweat 47 Observations from the hair ib. The Office of the AMBLER Observations in Ambling 47 Mens Opinions and Errors 48 Ambling by the Ploughed Field ib. Ambling by the Gallop ib. Ambling by Weights ib. Ambling in Hand or not Ridden 49 Ambling by the help of Schooes ib. Ambling by the help of fine Lists ib. Ambling by the Hand only 50 Ambling by the Tramel ib Errors in the Tramel ib. The best Way to Amble a horse 51 The form of the Tramel 52 The true use of the true Tramel 53 VVhen to alter the Tramel ib. VVhen to Mount his Back 54 VVhen to Journey ib. The Office of the BUYER wherein is shewed all the Perfections and Imperfections that are or can be in a Horse 55 Observations and Advertisements for any Man when he goes about to buy a horse ib. The End for which to buy ib. Election how divided 56 The General Rule ib. Of Breed ib. Of Colour ib. Of Pace or Trotting ib. Ambling 59 Racking ib. Galloping ib. Stature 60 The particular Rule ib. How to stand to view his Shapes viz. His Eares his Face his Eyes his Cheeks and Chaps his Nostrils and Muzzle his Teeth his Breast his fore-Yhighs his Knees his Legs his Pasterns his Hoofs the setting on of his Head his Crest and Mane his Back Ribs Fillets Belly and Stones his Buttocks his hinder-Yhighs his Cambrels his hinder Legs and his Tail c. from p. 60. to p. 67 An uncontroulable Way to know the Age of a Horse viz. By his Teeth Mouth Hoofs Tail Eyes Skin Hair and Barrs of his Mouth from p. 65 to 67 The perfect shape of a horse altogether ib. Rules to be observed of putting a horse to Grass and taking him up again 68 Of Cleansing and making a horse clean 69 General Notes concerning some Simples ib. Of Syrups Pills Powders Electuaries and Ointments ib. Of Oyls Roots Herbs Seeds Rind or Bark 69 70 A TABLE of the Office of the Farrier Alphabetically set down p. 70. A Accopium a Drink with the Virtues and Nature of it 123 and 124 Atman a Confection with the Virtues of it 125 B. Baths of all sorts 135 to 137 Bonâ—s how many a horse hath and where scituated 72 Blooding a horse when the best time 73 Blood-letting with Observations upon it 87 Of Burning 88 Burning Actual and Potential 90 Bread made for a horse to keep him in heart and strength of Body and to keep him from faintness in his Labour and Exercise be it never so sore 116 Bread to make another sort ib. Bangle-Eares how to help 121 Balls Cordial to Cure any violent Cold Glanders which prevents Heart-sickness which Purgeth away all Molten-Grease which recovers a Lost Stomach and makes a Lean horse fat suddenly ib. Blood cleansed general Simples good for it 149 Bewitched general Simples good for it 151 C. Complexion â—f a horse which is the most necessary Faces that a Farrier can Judge of his Infirmities by 74 Corrasives 89. 115 and 145 Cauterizing 89 and 90 Cauterizing in what cause 114 Cautery Potential 115 and 145 A Caustick 115 and 145 Cordial Powders to make 125 Charges of several sorts 131 and 132 Copperas water 139 Congluâ—inating Simples 146 Clensers of the Blood Simples good for it in general vide Blood clensed Cordials and Strengthners of Nature See for Simples that are good in general for it 151 To cast and overthrow a horse 153 D. Diapente a Drink how to use it and to shew you the Virtues of it 79 Diahexaple a Drink with the Virtues of it 79 and 80 Diatessaron made or Horse Mithridate how made ib. Drinks given when you neither have Diatessaron Diahexaple or Diapente 81 Diseases of a horse known by the signes he shews from 81 to 86 Drugs the Nature of the principal sorts of them 94 Drinks in general for all inward Diseases of a horse that troubles the whole Body from 126 to 128 Other general Drinks for the Cure of all inward Sickness ib. A Drink very comfortable 131 A Drink Operative ib. Drugs their Prices see for the Table of them between the first and second part Decoction what it is 146 E. Of the Elements and their Nature 73 Eyes a Caution about them 90 To make the black and red Aegyptiacum which are both Corrasives For their Naures are to corrode and eat away all manner of proud and naughty Flesh out of any old sore or Vlcer 126 Drenches in general for all manner of Sicknesses 126 and 127 Dead Foal to expel general Simples good for it 148 F. A Farriers Office in what part it doth consist 70 A Farrier ought to know principally five things 90 A Farrier what he ought to know before he goes about to Purge a horse 96 To fat a lean horse in twelve or fifteen days 123 Another for the same purpose ib. Of Feavers and how you may know every sort of them one from another 129 and 130 Fatning things in general 143 Lust to provoke Simples good for it in general 148 G. Of Glisters and their Vses 90 Glisters for Costiveness 91 A Glister Laxative 90 A Glister Restringent 92 and 93 A Glister for a fat horse that cannot be kept clean ib. A Glister in case of a desperate sickness ib. A Glister for the Pestilence and all Feavers ib. A Glister for the Cholick ib. Advice given upon giving of Glisters and what are to be put into them ib. Laxative Glisters what simples are to be put into them 94 Gelding of horses how and in what Season is best 119 Green Ointments several sorts of them 138. 139 and 140 Glisters what
VVater him at seven or eight in the Afternoon Dress him between three and four and VVater him about four or five and give him Provender always after watering Litter him at eight and give Food for all Night The Night before he is ridden about Nine at Night take away his Hay and at four of the Clock in the Morning give him a Handful or two of Oats which being eaten turn him upon the Snaffle Rub him all over with dry Clothes then Saddle him and make him Fit for his exercise and when you have done with him bring him into the Stable all sweaty as he is and Rub him all over with dry VVisps then take off his Saddle and after you have rubbed him all over with dry Cloaths put on his Housing-Cloth then put on the Saddle again and girt it and walk him about gently while he be cold then set him up and after two or three houres fasting put him to his Meat then in the Afternoon curb rub and dress him and water him and order him as aforesaid Ordering a Horse for a Prince or great Ladies Seat You must Order him in the time of his Rest like unto the Horse for Service and in his time of Labour like the Travelling Horse only you are to keep him more choicely I mean in a beautiful manner his Coat lying smooth and shining if he come in sweating into the Stable after you have rubbed him down take off the sweat with a Sword Blade whose edge is rebated Ordering of Travelling Horses at home and abroad Feed him with good Hay in the VVinter and good Grass in the Summer His Provender let it be good dry Oats Beans Pease or Bread according to his Stomach In the time of Rest half a Peck at a Watering is sufficient in the time of Labour as much as he will eat with a good Stomach Of Watering in the Morning When you Travel him Water two houres before you Ride then rub dress and lustily feed then bridle up and let him stand an hour before you take his back Of Feeding betimes In your Travel feed your Horse betimes for all night that thereby he may the sooner take his rest Moderate Travelling Travel moderately in the Morning till his wind be rackt and his Limbs warmed then after do as your Affairs require Be sure at Night to water your Horse two miles before you come to your Journey 's end then the warmer you bring him to his Inn the better walk not nor wash not at all the one doth beget Colds the other Foundrings in the Feet or Body but set him up warm well stopt and well rubbed with clean Litter Give no Meat whilest the outward parts of your Horse are hot or wet with sweat as the Ear-roots the Flanck the Neck or under his Chaps but being dry rub and feed him according to the goodness of his Stomach To get a Stomach Change of Food begetteth a Stomach so doth the washing the Tongue or Nostrils with Vineger Wine and Salt or warm Urine Not to stop the Horses Feet with Cow-dung till they be cold Stop not your Horses Feet with Cow-dung till he be sufficiently cold and that the Blood and Humours which were dispersed be setled into their proper places Look to his Back Girts and Shooes Look well to his Back that the Saddle hurt not to the Girts that they gall not and to his Shooes that they be large fast and easie Not to eat nor drink when he is hot Let him neither eat nor drink when he is hot nor presently after his Travel To Labour him moderately when the Weather is either extream hot or cold Labour him moderately when the Weather is either extream hot or extream cold that so you may avoid extream Heats or sudden Colds Not to Travel him too late Travel him not too late that your own eye may see him well dried and well fed before you take your own rest The Saddle not to be presently taken off Take not the Saddle from your Horses Back suddenly Horse-bread very good Food Horse-bread which is made of clean Pease Beans or Fitches feedeth exceedingly River-water is not so good as standing-water Let your Horses Meat and Drink be exceeding sweet and clean Standing-water is better then River-water for that is too piercing Swine and Pullen is naught to be nigh a Stable Let him lie clean and dry keep your Stable sweet let no Swine lie near it nor let any Pullen come within it Let the Light of your Stable be towards the South and North. Let the Light of your Stable be ever towards the South and North yet so as the North-windows may in the Winter be shut close at Pleasure To be Tied with two Reins Let him be Tied with two Reins To Ride him on stony wayes Ride him often on stony ways that he may the better feel his Feet and harden his Hoofs Wheat-straw and Oat-straw best for Litter Let his Bed be of Wheat-straw above his Knees the Barley-straw is the softest yet a Horse will covet to eat it which is unwholesom Wheat-straw though it be hard to lie upon yet it is wholesom to eat and as for Oat-straw it is the best in the Superlative for it is not only wholesom to eat but soft to lie upon Of Dressing your Horse Curry or Dress your Horse twice a day that is before water and when he is Curried rub him well with your Hand and with a Rubber his Head should be rubbed with a wet Cloth and his Cods made clean with a dry Cloth otherwise he would be scabby between his Legs you should wet his fore-top his Mane and his Tail with a wet Mane-Comb and ever where the Horses Hair is thinnest there Curry the gentlest Of the Stable Let the Plaunchers of your Stable lie even and level that your Horse may stand at his ease and not prove Lame by too much oppressing his hinder Feet A Mud-wall is naught to be nigh a Horse Let not any Mud-wall be within your Horses reach for he will naturally covet to eat it and nothing is more unwholesom Chopt Straw is good to strow amongst his Provender Give your Horse plenty of Garbage which is Chopt VVheat-straw both with his Provender and without for it is a mighty Clenser of a Horses Body Bottles of Hay to be Tied hard Let your Hay-bottles be very little and Tied very hard for so your Horse shall eat with a better Stomach and make least waste To sprinkle the Hay with water is good and to strow Fennegreek amongst his Provender To sprinkle water upon your Hay is most wholesom and to sprinkle Fennegreek upon your Provender is as sovereign The â—rst is good for the VVind the latter for VVormes Exercise good Let your Horse have daily Exercise for that begets a good Stomach to his Meat Grafs is good once a year to cleanse the Blood and cool the Body Purge your Horse once a year with Grass or green Blades of Corn called Forrage
every Runner or Hunter will not serve the Wars and every Horse-man that can make a Horse for the Wars may be a Jocky when he pleases but no Jocky that I know can make a Horse for the Wars Therefore I will run a middle way and sute my Lessons to both purposes Helps and Corrections Before you Teach your Horse any Lessons you must know there are seven Helps to advantage him in his Lessons to punish him for faults gotten in his Lessons And they be The Voice the Rod the Bit or Snaffle the Calves of the Legs the Stirrop Spur and the Ground Voice The Voice is an help when it is sweet and accompanied with Cherishings and it is a Correction when it is rough or terrible and accompanied with strokes or threatnings Rod. The Rod is an help in the shaking and a Correction in the striking Bit or Snaffle The Bit is an Help in its sweetness the Snaffle in its smoothness and they are Corrections the one in its hardness the other in its roughness and both in slatness and squareness Calves of the Legs Are Helps when you lay them to the Horses Sides gently and Corrections when you strike them hard because they give warning that the Spurs follow Stirrop and Stirrop-Leathers Are Corrections when you strike it against the hinder part of the Shoulder and they are Helps when you thrust them forward in a quick Motion Spur. Is a Help when it is gently delivered in any Motion that asks quickness and agility whether on the Ground or above the Ground and a Correction when it is stricken hard in the sides upon any sloth or any fault committed The Ground The Ground is an Help when it is plain and smooth and not painful to tread upon and it is a Correction when it is rough deep and uneven for the Amendment of any Vice conceived Of large Rings When your Horse will receive you to and from his Back gently Trot forward willingly and stand still obediently Then intending him for the Wars or other purpose for these Lessons serve all occasions you shall in some gravelly or sandy place where his Footsteps may be discerned labour him within the large Ring that is at least fifty Paces in Compass And having Trod it about three or four times on the right hand rest and cherish then change the Hand again and do as much on the left Hand then rest and cherish and change the Hand again and do as much on the right Hand ever observing upon every stop to make him retire and go back a step or two Thus labour him till he will Trot his Ring on which Hand you please changing within the Ring in the manner of a Roman S and to do it readily and willingly Then teach him to Gallop them as he did Trot them and that also with true Footing lofty Carriage and brave Rein ever observing when he Gallops to the right Hand to lead with his left fore-foot and when he Gallops to the left Hand to lead with the right fore-foot Object Now here is to be cleared a Paradox held by many of our Horsemen which is That the Exercise of the Ring is not good for Running Horses because it raiseth up his fore-feet and make him Gallop painfully and so an hindrance unto speed Answ But if they consider that this habit if it be taken is soon broken either by the Horse-mans hand or discretion who hath Power to make him move as he pleaseth Or if they will truly look into the benefit of the thing it self they shall finde it is the only means to bring an Horse to the true use of his Feet and the nimble carriage of them in all advantages For every Runner of Horses will allow that for an Horse in his course to lead with his right foot is most proper and when at any time he breaks or alters it it must be disadvantage because not well acquainted to lead with the other he cannot handle it so nimbly Now at his first Backing by the use of his Ring and Change of Hands he will become so expert and cunning with both that whatsoever mischance shall alter his stroke yet shall his speed and nimbleness keep one and the same goodness Of Stopping When you come to the place of Stop or would stop by a sudden drawing in of your Bridle-hand somewhat hard and sharp make him stop close firm and streight in an even Line and if he err in any thing put him to it again and leave not till you have made him understand his error and amend it Advancing Now if you do Accompany this stop with an Advancement a little from the Ground it will be more gallant and may be done by laying the Calves of your Legs to his Sides and shaking your Rod over him as he stops If it chance at first he understand you not yet by continuance and labouring him herein he will soon attain unto it especially if you forget not to cherish him when he gives the least shew to apprehend you Retiring After Stopping and Advancing make him Retire as before shewed And this Motion of Retiring you must both Cherish and Encrease making it so familiar with him that no Lesson may be more perfect neither must he retire in a confused manner but with a brave Rein a constant Head and a direct Line neither must he draw or sweep his Legs one after another but take them clean nimbly and loftily as when he Trotted forward Of Bitting When your Horse is come to Perfection in these Lessons and hath his Head firmly setled his Reins constant and his Mouth sweetned You may then if you intend him for the Wars take away his Trench and Martingal and only use the Cavezan of four or three Pieces that is a Joynt or no Joynt in the midst and to that Joynt a strong Ring and a Joynt of each side with Rings before the Joynts to which you shall put several Reins to use either at the Post or otherwise Into his Mouth you shall put a smooth sweet Canon bit with a French Cheek suitable to the Proportion of the Horses Neck knowing that the long Cheek raises up the Head and the short pulls it down And with these you shall Exercise the Horse in all the Lessons before taught till he be perfect in them without disorder or amazement Of streight Turns and Turnings When he is setled upon his Bit then you are to teach him to turn roundly and readily in the streighter Rings and of these there are divers kinds and divers methods to teach them But I shall Fix upon two manner of streight Turns as the Perfection from whence all Turnings are derived The one is when a Horse keepeth his hinder Parts inward and close to the Post or Center and so cometh about and maketh his Circumference with his hinder Parts opposing face to face with his Enemy The first streight Turn You shall to the Ring in the mid-part of the Cavezan Fix a long
Rein of two Fathom or more and to the other Rings two other shorter Reins then having Saddled the Horse and put on his Bit bring him to the Post and put the Reins of the Bit over the fore-part of the Saddle Bolsters and all and Fix them at a constant streightness on the top of the Pomel so that the Horse may have a feeling both of the Bit and Curb Then if you will have him turn to the right hand take the short Rein on the left side of the Cavezan and bringing it under the fore-Bolster of the Saddle up to the Pomel and there Fix it at such a streightness that the Horse may rather look from then to the Post on the right side Then let some Groom or skilful Attendant hold the right-side Rein of the Cavezan at the Post governing the fore-parts of his Body to come about at large Then your self taking the long Rein into your hand and keeping his hinder parts inward with your Rod on his outward Shoulder and sometimes on his outward Thigh make him move about the Post keeping his inward parts as a Center and making his fore-parts move in a larger Circumference Thus you shall Exercise him a pretty space on one hand till he grow to some Perfectness then Changing the Reins of the Cavezan make him do the like to the other hand And thus apply him divers Mornings and cherishing him in his Exercise according to his deservings till you have brought him to that readiness that he will upon the moving of your Rod couch his hinder Parts in towards the Post and lapping the outward fore-leg over the inward Trot about the Post swiftly distinctly and in as strait a Compass as you can desire or is convenient for the motion of the Horse And from Trotting you may bring him to Flying and Wheeling about with that swiftness that both the fore-legs rising and moving together the hinder Parts may follow in one and the same instant When you have made him thus perfect in your hand you shall then Mount his Back and making some skilful Groom govern the long Rein and another the short by the Motion of your Hand upon the Bit and soft Rein of the Cavezan keeping the Horses Head from the Post and by the help of the Calve of your Leg laid on his Side and your Rod turned toward his outward Thigh to keep his hinder parts into the Post labour and exercise him till you have brought him to that Perfection which you desire Then take away the long Rein and only exercise him with the help of the short Rein of the Cavezan and no other After take both the Reins of the Cavezan into your hands and exercise him from the Post making him as ready in any place where you please to Ride him as he was at the Post The other streight Turn Now for the other streight Flying Turn which is to keep his Face fixt on the Post as on his Enemy and to move about only with his hinder parts you shall take the same helps of the long Rein and the short Reins of the Cavezan and govern them as before shewed only you shall not give the short Rein to the Post-ward so much liberty as before but keep his Head closer to the Post and following his hinder parts with the long Rein by the help of your Rod make him bring his hinder parts round about the Post and observe that as before he did Iap one foot over another so now he must lap the hinder Legs one over another In this Exercise exercise him as the former then after a perfectness mount his Back and labour him as before shewed Then lastly leaving the Post and all other helps only apply him in such open and free places as you shall think couvenient for upon the finishing of this Work your Horse is made compleat and can perform all things that can be required either for the Service in the Wars for the High-way or any other Galloping Pleasure How to Help an ill Rein and Cure a Run-away Jade Many Horses are so evil beholding to Nature for giving them short Necks and worse set-on Heads and so little beholding to Art to amend them which causes many a good Horse to be left Cureless of those two gross insufferable faults which are either a deformed carriage of the Head like a Pig on a Broach or else a furious Running away got by a spoiled Mouth or an evil habit The Help If it be a young Horse at his first Riding then to his Trench if an old then to his Snaffle for I speak not of the Bit but a pair of Reins half as long again as any ordinary Reins and Loops to fasten and unfasten at the Eye of the Snaffle as other Reins have Now when you see that the Horse will not yield to your Hand but the more you draw the more he thrusts out his Nose or the more violently he runs away then undo the Buttons of the Reins from the Eye of the Snaffle and draw them through the Eyes and bring them to the Buckles of the formost Girt and there button them fast then Riding the Horse in that manner labour him with the gentle Motions of your Hand coming and going by degrees and sometimes accompanied with your Spur to gather up his Body and to feel your Command and in a short time he will bring his Head where you will place it And for Running away if you draw one Rein you turn him about in despite of all Fury and if you draw both you break his Chaps or bring them to his Bosom In the end finding himself not able to Resist he will be willing to obey Another Help for uncâ—nstant Carriage There is another soul Error in many Horses which these Reins also Cure as this When your Horse is either so wythie cragg'd as the Northern Man calls it or so loose and unsteady Necked that which way soever you draw your Hand his Head and Neck will follow it sometimes beating against your Knees sometimes dashing against your Bosom and indeed generally so loose and uncertain that a man knows not when he hath steady hold of him A Vice wonderful incident to Running Horses especially the furious ones In this Case you shall take these long Reins and as before you drew them to the Buckles of the Girts so now Martingal-wise draw from the Eyes of the Snaffle betwixt his fore-Legs to the Girts and there fasten them Thus Ride him with a constant Hand firm and somewhat hard Correcting him both with the Spurs and Rod and somtimes with hard Twitches in his Mouth when he errs and with a few weeks labour his Head will come to a constant carriage provided that you labour him as well upon his Gallop as his Trot and leave him not till you finde him fully reclaimed The Office of the Feeder An Introduction to the Work touching the Limitation of time for Preparing the Running Horse I will not dispute the
you shall follow day by day and every day increasing it more and more till you have brought him from one mile to many which done you may then give him ease as letting him rest a day or two or more and then apply him again and if you finde in him neither errour nor alteration then you may conclude your Work is finished But if any alteration do happen as many phantastick Horses are subject unto if it be in the motion of his Pace then with your hand reform it But if that fail then the use of the half-Tramel will never fail you Now if the Error proceed from any other occasion look seriously into the cause thereof and taking that away the effect will soon cease for you are to understand that in this manner of teaching him to Amble you are forbidden no help whatsoever which belongs unto Horsemanship as Chain Cavezan Musroul Head-strain Martingale Bit or any other necessary Instrument because this Motion is not drawn from the Mouth but from the Limbs Many things else might be spoken on this subject but it would but load paper and weary Memory and I am only at short Essays and true Experiments therefore take this as sufficient The Office of the Buyer wherein is shewed all the Perfections and Imperfections that are or can be in a Horse Observations and Advertisements for any Man when he goes about to buy an Horse THERE is nothing more difficult in all the Art of Horsemanship then to set down constant and uncontroulable Resolutions by which to bind every Mans Minde to an unity of Consent in the buying of an Horse for according to the old Adage What is one Mans Meat is another Mans Poison What one affects another dislikes But to proceed according to the Rule of Reason the Precepts of the Ancients and the Modern Practice of our conceived Opinions I will as briefly as I can and the rather because it is a labour I never undertook in this wise before shew you those Observations and Advertisements which may fortifie you in any hard Election The End for which to buy First therefore you are to observe that if â—ou Elect an Horse for your Hearts Contentment you must consider the end and purpose for which you buy him as whether for the Wars Running Hunting Travelling Draught or Burthen every one having their several Characters and their several Faces both of Beauty and Uncomeliness But because there is but one Truth and one Perfection I will under the Description of the perfect and untainted Horse shew all the Imperfections and Attaindures which either Nature or Mischance can put upon him of greatest deformity Let me then advise you that intend to buy an Horse to acquaint your self with all the true Shape and Excellencies which belong to an Horse whether it be in his natural and true Proportion or in any accidental or outward increase or decrease of any Limb or Member and from their Contraries to gather all things whatsoever that may give dislike or offence Election how divided To begin therefore with the first Principle of Election you shall understand they are divided into two especial Heads the one General the other particular The General Rule The General Rule of Election is First the End for which you buy Then his Breed or Generation his Colour his Pace and his Stature These are said to be General because they have a general dependence upon every Mans several opinions as the first which is the End for which you buy it is a thing shut up only in your own bosome Of Breed The other which is Breed you must either take it from faithful report your own knowledge or from some known and certain Characters by which one strain or one Countrey is distinguished from another as the Neapolitan is known by his Hawk-Nose the Spaniard by his small Limbs the Barbary by his fine Head and deep Hoof the Dutch by his rough Legs the English by his general strong knitting together and so forth of divers others Of Colour As for his Colour though there is no Colour exempt from goodness for I have seen good of all yet there are some better reputed then others as the Dapple Grey for Beauty the Brown Bay for Service the Black with Silver Hairs for Courage and the Liard and true mixt Roan for Countenance As for the Sorrel the Black without White and the unchangeable Iron Grey are reputed Cholerick the bright Bay the Flea-bitten and the Black with white Marks are Sanguinists the Black White Yellow Dun Kite-glewed and the Py-bald are Phlegmatick and the Chesnut the Mouse dun the Red Bay the blew Grey are Melancholy Pace as Trotting Now for his Pace which is either Trot Amble Rack or Gallop you must Refer it to the end also for which you buy as if it be for the Wars Running Hunting or your own Pleasure then the Trot is most tolerable and this Motion you shall know by a Cross Moving of the Horses Limbs as when the fore-Leg and the near Hinder-Leg or the near fore-Leg and the far Hinder-Leg move and go forward in one instant And in this Motion the nearer the Horse taketh his Limbs from the Ground the opener the evener and the shorter is his Pace for to take up his Feet slovenly shews stumbling and lameness To tread narrow or cross shews enterfering or failing to step uneven shews toil and weariness and to tread long shews over-reaching Ambling Now if you Elect for Ease great Persons Seats or long Travel then Ambling is required And this Motion is contrary to Trotting for now both the Feet on one side must move equally together that is the far sore-Leg and the far hinder-Leg and the near fore-Leg and the near hinder-Leg And this Motion must go just large smooth and nimble for to tread false takes away all ease to tread short rids no Ground to tread rough shews rouling and to tread un-nimbly shews a false Pace that never continueth as also Lameness Racking If you Elect for Buck-Hunting Galloping on the High-way Post Hackney or the like then a racking Pace is required and this Motion is the same that Ambling is only it is in a swifter time and a shorter tread and though it rid not so much ground yet it is a little more easie Galloping Now to all these Paces must be joyned a good Gallop which naturally every Trotting and Racking Horse hath the Ambler is a little unapt thereunto because the Motions are both one so that being put to a greater swiftness of Pace then formerly he hath been acquainted withal he handles his Legs confusedly and out of order and being trained gently and made to understand the Motion he will as well undertake it as any Trotting Horse whatsoever Now in a good Gallop you are to observe these Vertues First that the Horse which taketh up his Feet nimbly from the Ground but doth not raise them high that neither rouleth nor beateth himself that stretcheth out his fore-Legs
great Sinews with the same number in the hinder-part It. In the fore-part of the Breast and above it as well within as without are ten Sinews some greater and some smaller It. From the Reins of the Back to the Stones are four great Sinews Lastly one great main Sinew which runneth along to the end of the Tail So as the full number of the Sinews are twenty nine or thirty which are to be discerned But to speak properly a Horse hath but one only Vein which is that which we call the Median or Lives Vein which is in the Liver being the true Fountain Scource and great Tun from whence the Canes Conduit-pipes and little Veines as the smaller Rivers do separate themselves which do run through all the Parts and Members of the whole Body Those Veins that do ascend to the Head and Body are called Veins ascendent and those which do run low as to the Legs and lower Members are called hollow or descendent Veins Of the Vital Blood Those are Veins which are Vessels of quick or running Blood and is that that when the Creature sleepeth his Blood is in continual agitation and never ceaseth Of the Number of the Veins that you are to take Blood from In the Neck in the Weeping-Veins under the Ears and in six other places of and about the Head as in the Pallate-Veins in the Tongue in the Flank-Veins in the Breast and Spur-Veins In the four Members to wit the Legs Thighs Pasterns and Feet also in sundry other Places according as necessity shall require it and in places which may the better kill the Maâ—ady of the said Horse For what use you open the Veins To open the two Temple-Veins easeth the pain in the Head coming of Colds Rheums Feavers Yellows and Stavers Drowsiness Frenzie the sleepy Evil falling Evil or any grief in or about the Eyes or Brain Secondly we open the two Eyes or Weeping-Veins being most sovereign for such Diseases whereunto the Eyes are subject as Watery or Weeping Eyes Blood-shotten Pin and Web Haw or the like Thirdly we open the two Pallat-Veins in the Mouth and those do Cure the Lampass and any inward Sickness in the Body as the Yellows Stavers Anticor Surfeits Drowsiness Tiredness or weariness of the Body or if he hath any Malady in the Throat as the Strangle Quinzy Kernels Pustils either within or without it many times helpeth Inflammations Glanders or the like For the eating or swallowing of his own Blood is most wholesom and Sovereign in such Cases Fourthly we do usually open the two Neck-Veins for some may Object unto me that many times Horses who are of the best Colour best Marks and truest Shapes do nevertheless prove Arrant â—ades I answer I acknowledge all this to be true for I have known Horses who upon their first View have been in extrinsecal shew so hopeful as that they have promised what a man could expect from them which notwithstanding when they have come to the Test they have been a Scandal to their Sex but this is not a thing frequent for in every one of these who have thus miscarried you shall have twenty prove right and answerable to your Minds Rules to be Observed of putting a Horse to Grass and of taking of him up again Before you put your Stable-Horse to Grass eight or nine days before take Blood from him the next day after give him the drink of Diapenâ—e and a day or two after his Drink abate of his Cloaths by degrees before you turn him forth lest by doing them on the sudden he take more cold and after his Cloaths are taken off Curry him not at all but let him stand in his dust for that will keep him warm Neither would I have you put him forth till the midst of May at the soonest for till that time Grass will not have Bite enough and let the day wherein you turn him forth be a warm Sun-shine day and about the hour of ten for Horses pampered in warm Stables and kept close will be subject to take cold Taking of him up Secondly let him be taken up from Grass very dry or else he will be subject to be Scabby and that not later then St. Bartholomew's day which is the twenty fourth of August for then the Season doth begin to let fall cold dews which causeth much harm to your Horse and then beginneth the Heart of Grass to â—ail so as the Grass which he then feedeth upon breedeth no good Nutriment but gross Phlâ—gmatick and cold Humors which putrisieth and corrupteth the Blood and take him up very quietly for fear of melting his Grease for his Fat gotten at Grass is very tender so that every little Motion dissolveth the same whereby the Blood may be enslamed and so be in danger of Sickness if not of death A day or two after you have him in the Stable let him be shod let Blood and drencht as before is shewed you for this preventeth Yellows Stavers and such like Diseases which the Gall and Spleen occasioneth which the Heart and strength of Grass through the Rankness of Blood doth engender in his Body But if you intend to be curious after you have taken him into the Stable before you have either Blooded or Drencht him you may clean him in this manner Of Cleansing or making a Horse clean First therefore if it be a hot Sun-shiny day take him out of the Stable into a place convenient and there trim him then take ordinary soft washing Sope and anoint his Head and every part of him all over therwith and to have a care that none of it get into his Ears or Eyes then wash him very well with warm water all over then wipe him with a warm Linnen-cloth and after rub him dry with woollen Cloaths then Sope him all over again especially his Mane and Tail and wash him very clean with Buck-lee with a Wisp or Woollen Cloth and when you have sufficiently cleansed him dry him as you did before and so lead him into the Stable and Cloath him up with a clean thin soft Cloth And by this kind of trimming and cleansing him you may so alter him that the Owner can scarce know him General Notes concerning some Simples All manner of Marrows and Piths of what kind soever they be must be kept by themselves in a dry cool place and preserved from all Filth or Uncleanness and from the annoyance either of Wind or Fire and so they will last full out a whole year Syrups Powders Pills Electuaries and Ointments You shall keep no Syrops no sweet Electuaries nor Pills nor Powders nor Conserves of Flowers nor any Ointments Sewets or Emplaisters or Conserve of Fruits or Roots will last fully out two years Oyls Of Oyls some will last long some must be new made Oyls extracted out of Wood or Metals will last long Roots Gather Roots in Autumn but take the small Sprigs from them and make them clean and dry Dry small Roots in the Shade
to say of a fair brown Bay dabled or not dabled a Dable Grey a Black full of Silver Hair or a fair Roan red or black And these Horses are of Nature most excellent most temperate strongest gentlest and most healthful though they may have any disease as the other hath yet are they naturally inclined to no disease But what infirmity soever falleth unto them is meerly accidental and not through any overflow of natural distemperature All Medicines must be compounded for them according to the Nature of the Sickness and the time of their Languishment for if the Sickness be young and new bred then are they able to receive any well Composed Receipt but if it be old and the inward Powers and Faculties feebled then you must be careful to help Nature by adding to every Medicine of what Nature soever some Simple of Comfort that as ill Humors be clensed so Strength may still be repaired and maintained And thus much for Complexions Twelve Causes of Health and long Life 1. The First is Nature good Digestion and good Nourishment 2. The second is Moderation in Feeding and Diet. 3. The third is Moderate Labour 4. The fourth is moderate Use of Sleeping and Waking 5. The fifth is moderate spending upon Mares 6. The sixth is moderate Journeys 7. The seventh is wholesom Air. 8. The Eighth is not to be exercised too soon after Grass 9. The Ninth is to be kept from raw and green Meats 10. The tenth is not to be suffered to eat or drink being hot 11. The eleventh is not to be neither washed nor walked at the end of his Journey 12. The twelfth is to give him with his Provender such Powders and Simples as are Prescribed you in all those Chapters which are by me mentioned but more particularly in Page 2. And though he dislikes them at first yet by mixing a little and a little at a time they will become natural to him Dangerous Sicness how it cometh First all Sickness cometh either by Heats in over-violent exercise as when the Horse hath his Grease moulten the Heart over-charged the vital Blood forced from the inward Parts and the large Pores and Orisices of the Heart are so obstructed and stopped that the Spirits cannot return back to their proper places so as the Organs of the Body cannot rejoyce but by this means the Body must of necessity languish founder and mortifie Secondly dangerous Sickness cometh also by Colds as by indiscreet and negligent keeping as well before as after long and violent exercise and then is the Head perplexed the Eyes dulled and pained the Roots of the Tongue inflamed and fwelled the Lungs with Rheums tickled and offended occasioning strong and laborious Coughing and the Nostrils often Distilling and pouring â—orth filthy and corrupt matter Thirdly dangerous Sickness cometh also by Surfeit of Food either by eating too much or too little of what is good or also of what is not wholesom so as the first killeth or at least debilitateth the Stomach oppresseth the Heart and sâ—ndeth up those evil Fumes into the Head by which are engendred the Stavers Frenzies and other mortal Diseases The second putriâ—ies the Blood and converts all its Nutriment into corruption from whence proceeds the Yellows Farcins Feavers Mainges and other such like Pestilent Leprous and Lothsom Diseases which suffocating the Heart and clogging the Stomach dilates and spreads it self universally over the whole Body leaving no Member free and confoundeth every Faculty and Member thereof Fourthly and lastly dangerous Sickness come also by Accidents as when a Horse receiveth some deep or perillous wound or Hurt either in his Body or elsewhere in some vital or dangerous part by means whereof Nature is so far offended as that incontinently a general Sickness seizeth upon him which if not prevented Death immediately ensueth Signes to Know these dangerous Sicknesses If his Sickness proceed from the first which are Heat then are the Signes these viz. The Heaviness of his Countenance Swellings of his Limbs especially of his hinder-Legs Scouring and Loosness of his Body in the beginning of his Sickness short and hot Breath a Loathing and forsaking of his Meat If from the second viz. Cold then the Signes are A dejected Countenance Dulness or Sleepiness of the Eyes Pustels or hard Knots under the Caul yea and many times insâ—amed Kernels and Swellings so high as to the very Roots of the Ears a rotten moist inward and hollow Cough he many times Chewing betwixt his Teeth some loose filthy and phlegmatick matter immediately after his Coughing which in some Cases is not an evil Sign by reason that thereby the Cold rotteth and goeth away Whereas on the contrary side for a Horse to Cough clear and dry doth demonstrate a dry Cough which hath long time lurked in his Body which is difficult to Cure which will so discover it self at last that his Belly will shrink up and when he drinketh Water will come forth of his Nose and his Eyes will be either watery or mattery and run continually through pain he hath in his Head procured by means of his Cold and his Hair will be rough and staring c. If from the Third which is Surfeit then the Signes of his Sickness are these A dulness of the Head Eyes and Countenance and that so violent that he will not be able to lift up his Head from the Manager A dull and dead Eye and sunk into his Head his Ears prickt upright and the Tops of them cold as also his upper Lips and his Sheath his Pace reeling and staggering and if he be too far gone he will be Mad which you may know by his biting the Rack and Manger or any Body that shall come nigh him and sometimes biting of himself and beating his Head against the wall c. But if the Malady be not got into the Brain then you shall find by the yellowness of his Eyes Lips and Tongue that it is turned to the Yellows which will so infect his Blood all over that if not prevented suddenly he will soon come to the Dogs Accidental The sourth and last Ground of his Sickness is if it proceed from Accidental means the Signes then are a perplexed and troubled Body sweating at the Roots of his Eares Flanks behind the Shoulders against the Heart sometimes trembling all over his Body and sometimes glowing and burning in his Vital Parts as in the Temples of his Head against his Heart on the inside of his fore-Legs and on the inside of his hinder-hinder-Legs his Mouth will be dry and hot his Tongue will be subject to be inflamed and furied he will have a Loathing against meat and a great drought to thirst and drink cold Water and to keep his Mouth in the same when he hath done drinking To Cure Sickness before it comes and to prevent it when it comes First when you finde it come to let him Blood and for three Mornings together to give him the drink of Diapente and
Champions given inwardly or applied outwardly is very good so is the Juice of Celandine and Centaury the red berries of the VVinter-Cherries given inwardly cleanseth the inward Imposthumes and Ulcers of the Reins and Bladder and is also good for bloody and foul Urine the Juice of the bruised Leaves of Chickweed Cinquefoyl or â—omfrey is good to wash them with Cuckoe-point the Root of it in powder or the Herb boiled in Sheeps or Cows Milk healeth the inward Ulcers of the bowels the distilled VVaters of Cucumbers given inwardly is very good for Ulcers in the Bladder the powder of the Root of both kinds of Fern strewed upon them drieth up the moisture in them and healeth them speedily so doth the powder of Sow-Fennel or Fig-wort the Juice or the VVater of Flix-weed injected into them doth cleanse and heal them up Elecampane Root beaten to powder and mixed with Honey is also very good Dill burnt and laid upon moist Sores cureth them Franckincense is good to Fill up hollow Ulcers Hemlock is good for all creeping Ulcers and Pustles that arise from hot and sharp Humours by cooling and repelling the heat Take this Receipt for the Cure of all manner of Ulcers Take the green leaves of the yellow Henbane three pounds and a half of them stamped in a Mortar and boil it in a quart of Sallet Oyl in a brass Pan gently upon the Fire keeping it stirring till the Herbs are black and will not boil nor bubble any more then you shall have a most excellent green Ointment which being strained from the dross put it to the Fire again and add to it half a pound of Bees Wax four Ounces of Rosin and two Ounces of common Turpentine melt them together and keep them for your use This will cure any iuveterate Ulcer Botch Burning green Wound and all Cuts or Hurts in the Head The fresh leaves of Ivy boiled in white Wine doth wonderfully help to cleanse them Juniper-Berries drieth up hollow Ulcers and filleth them up with flesh Knot grass or the powder of the Herb or Seed cools all Gangreens Fistulaes and foul and silthy Ulcers Knape weed is a great Drier up of Moisture in them Madder helpeth them in the Mouth if unto the Decoction you put a little Allom and Honey of Roses Herb Mouse-Ear is very excellent to stay the Malignity and spreading of them Pellitory of the Wall penny-Royal bruised and put to Vineger cleanseth them The Juice of Plantain is good for old Ulcers that are to be healed The Juice of Purslain is good for Inflammations in the privy Parts the powder of Savin mixed with Honey cleanseth them but it hindereth them from healing The Juice of Rag-wort is very good also c. Burning Compositions The gentlest is Vnguentum Apostolorum next to it is Verjuice and Hogs-Grease beaten together Next to this is Precipitate and Turpentine mixt together Next to it is Arsnick allayed with any Oyl or healing Salve Next to it is Mercury sublimate likewise allayed with some cooling Salve and the worst is Lime and Soap or Lyme and strong Lye beaten together for they will corrode and mortifie the soundest part whatsoever To make Hair smooth sleek and soft To do this keep him warm at the Heart for the least inward Cold will make the Hair stare then make him Sweat oft for that will raise up the Dust and Sweat which makes his Coat foul when he is in his greatest Sweat with an old Sword Blade scrape off all the white Foam Sweat and Filth that shall be raised up and that will lay his Coat even and smooth And when you let him Blood rub him all over with his own Blood and so let it remain two or three days and then Curry and Dress him well and this will make his Coat shine like Glass How to cast and overthrow a Horse When you intend to Cast your Horse bring him upon some even smooth and soft place or in the Barn upon some soft straw then take a long Rope and double it and cast a Knot a yard from the Bought then put the Bought about his Neck and the double Rope betwixt his fore-Legs and about his hinder Pasterns and underneath his Fet-locks then put the ends of the Rope underneath the Bought of his Neck and draw them quickly and they will overthrow him then make the ends fast and hold down his Head under which you must be sure to have always good store of straw Now if you would at any time Brand your Horse on the Buttock or do any thing about his hinder-hinder-Legs that he may not strike take up his contrary fore-Leg and when you do Brand your Horse see that the Iron be red hot and that the Hair be both seared away and the Flesh scorched in every place before you let him go and so you shall be sure to lose no Labour To make an unruly Horse stand still to be Trimmed that will not be Trimmed with Barnacles Take off one of his Stirrop-Leathers and put it into his Mouth and so over his Head as you do a Bridle and girt up his Chaps very hard and he will stand quietly to be Trimmed Another to make an unruly Horse stand still to be shod The common way is to put a pair of Barnacles upon his Nose and Tye them very hard but if you find that will not do then at the same time put some round stones into his Eares and Ty them up hard that they fall not out How to make a stubborn Horse to go Tye a small Cord or Line about his Stones pretty hard and bring it between his fore-Legs and let it be of that length that you may reach the other end of it with your Hand when you are upon his Back and when you find that he will not go forward Jerk him with your Line which is the only means I know of to break him of his stubborn tricks If he be a Gelding then strike him with a long Rod that is burnt at one end and this will help To make a Horse follow his Master and finde him out and Challenge him amongst never so many People Take a pound of Oat-Meal and put to it a quarter of a pound of Honey and half a pound of Lunarce and make a Cake thereof and put it into your Bosom next to your naked Skin then run or labour your self till you Sweat then rub all your Sweat upon your Cake then keep him Fasting a day and a night and give it him to eat and when he hath eaten it turn him loose and he shall not only follow you but also hunt and seek you out when he hath lost you or doth miss you and though you be enviroued with never so many yet he will find you out and know you and when he cometh to you spit into his Mouth and anoint his Tongue with your Spittle and thus doing he will â—â—ver forsake you How to make a black Star or white Hair black If you
Clip them away with a Pair of Scissers and let them Bleed then prick them in the Palate of the Mouth with your Fleam and wash the place with Wine Vineger Bolearmoniack and Salt and see that no Hay dust stick upon the Place Clipped and he will be well again Several Receipts for the Canker in the Mouth Nose or in any other Part of the Body For the Canker in the Mouth or Nose take white-Wine half a pint Roch-Allom the quantity of a Wall-nut Bay-salt half a spoonful English-Honey one spoonful Red-Sage Rue Rib-wort Bramble-leaves of each alike much boyl these in the white-Wine so much as will suffice till a quarter be consumed and inject this water into the sorrance or if it be in the Mouth wash the place with a Clout fastned to a stick and dress him therewith twice a day or oftener as you shall see â—it till it be whole Another for the Nose or Mouth or any other place Take the Juice of Plantine as much Vineger and the same weight of the powder of Allum and with it anoint the sore twice or thrice a day and it will kill it and Cure it Another Take of Ginger and Allum of each alike made into fine powder mixing them well together till they be very thick like a Salve and after you have washed it very well with Allum-water or Vineger anoint it with this Salve and in twice or thrice dressing it will be killed Things good in General for the Canker The Herb Fluellen stamped and the Juice given inwardly or applied outwardly healeth the most spreading and eating Cankers and Ulcers and fretting Sores Sage Plantine Rosemary Honey Allum Verdegrease green and white Copperas Brimstone Tansie Bay-salt Bramble-leaves Elder Ginger the Roots of Asphodil quick Silver Arsnick Agrimony made up with Hogs-grease Cureth old Cankers and inveterate Ulcers Allum Honey and Verdegrease mixed together is good the Decoction of white Beets in Water is good for Running Sores Ulcers and Cankers in the Head Legs or other Parts of the Body the Decoction of the leaves of the Burr-dock c. Another Excellent Cure for the Cure of the Canker in the Head Face or Eyâ—s c. Take three Ounces of Burgundy Pitch and half a pint of Sallet Oyl and put them into a large Earthen new Pipkin and set them over a soft Fire and let them Simper gently keeping them stirring while they are on the Fire to incorporate them the better Your Pipkin must be the larger by reason that you are to put in Verdegrease which is of that fieâ—y Nature that it will make it quickly rise and boyl over if you have not a special care thereof After you have boiled it near a quarter of an hour put to it one Ounce of the Oyl of Turpentine and as much of the Powder of Verdegrease as will lie upon a six-pence finely powdered and searc'd through a Lawn Sieve boyl them also a little while together then take it off the Fire and put it into a Gally-pot and keep it till you have occasion to use it Directions to know whether it be well or ill made If it be vell boiled it will be neither too thick nor too thin but in the condition of an Ointment and of a very good green Colour But if it be too much boiled your Verdegrease will turn it of a red Colour which will be so prejudicial to your Salve that it will lose the healing quality thereof Directions how to use it If you use it for a Canker in his Nose you are to Tie a Linnen Rag upon the end of a stick and dip it in Wine Vineger and Salt or Verjuice and Salt mixed together and put it â—p into his Nostrils and rub and scrub off the scabs and filth that you find therein When you have thus washed and cleansed it take the longest Goose-feather you can get and if it be not long enough to reach to the top of his Nostrils Tie it to the end of a small stick and dip it into the Salve and use it as before once a day and he will do well If you find it on his Head Face or Eyes you must do the like viz. to rub and scrub off the scabs till they Bleed and lay on some of your Salve with a Feather and strew some Wheat-Bran upon it to make it keep on the better You are to dress it once a day till you find it heal and then once in two or three days is enough Observaâ—ion The quickest and speediest Way for to effect all outward Cures is to let him stand in the House during his Cure Things good to Kill Wormes in General Alheal Alkanet Water Agrimony the leaves of Bistort or Snake-weed the powder of the Root of Butter-Bur the Seed of Sea Coâ—ewort bruised and given in Beer the powder of ordinary small Centaury the powder of the Root call'd Devils Bit Elecampane the powder of Fern-Roots the Juice of Flix-weed Gentian Feltwort or Baldmony Germander Hops beaten to Powder and given him the powder of Horehound Knotgrass Groundsel Savin Brimstone Allom Salt Mother-wort the Bark of the Root of the Mulberry-Tree Nettleseeds the powder of the leaves of the Peach tree the powder of Plantine Horse-Radish Wild-Rotchet Rupture-wort Southern-wood Vervain the Bark of the Wallnut-tree or the powder of the green shells Wormwood dried and beaten and given Tansie seed the white Beete sodden with Garlick Mercury Calcin'd Alloes blak Soap Taâ—ners Ouze his own Hair chopped small and given him in his Provender Rue Soot the warm Guts oâ— a new slain Hen or Chicken rowled up in Salt and Brimstone and given him Elder-berries sodden in Milk Chalk Fennegreek Bay-berries Turmerick Worm-seed Garlick Hens dung Saffron Mint Sage Rozin Juniper berries the green Branches of Sallow or Willow given him Reeds so much of Sublimaâ—um as will lie upon two pence workt up in Butter and given him Stone-crop Quick-silver crude or mortified with the Juice of Lemons c. Particular Receipts for the â—ots or Wormes Take a quart of new Milk and as much Honey as will extraordinarily sweet then give it him in the Morning luke-warm having fasted all the night before and let him â—ast after it two houres then take a Pint of Beer and dissolve into it a good spoonful or more of black Sope and being well mixed together give it him then ride and chase him a little and let him fast another hour and the Wormes will avoid Another more Easie Take Savin chopped and stamped small a good handful warmed in a quart of Beer and given him luke-warm or a quart of Brine given him is very good Another Take as much Precipitate alias red Mercury Calcin'd as will lie upon a Silver two-pence and work it into a piece of sweet Butter the bigness of a small Wall-Nut in the manner of a Pill then lape it all over again with Butter and make it as big as a small Egg and give it him Fasting in a Morning
its own accord without any Impediment for Lead is of that Nature that it will not Canker then to kill the Fire drop in some Varnish into it with a Feather to the bottom and stop up the Mouth of the Wound with some soft Flax dipt likewise in the same then charge all the swollen place with this Charge Take of Bolearmoniack a quartern of Linseed beaten into powder half a pound of Bean-flower as much and three or four Eggs shells and all and of Turpentine a quartern and of Vineger a quart mingle them well together upon the Fire and being somewhat warm charge all the sore place with part thereof and clap a Cloth upon it to keep the Wound warm continuing so doing every day for four or five days together then at the fifth days end leave anointing it and taint it to the bottom with a Taint dipt in Hogs-grease and Turpentine melted together renewing once or twice every day till the Fire is killed which you shall perceive by the Mattering of the Wound and by falling of the Swelling for so long as the Fire hath the upper Hand no thick Matter will Issue forth but only a thin yellowish water neither will the Swelling asswage and then of Turpentine washed in nine several Waters half a pound and put thereto three Yolks of Eggs and a little Saffron and Taint it with this Ointment renewing it every day once till the Wound be whole but if the Shot be got quite through the Wound then take a few Weavers Linnen Thrums made very knotty and dipping them first in Varnish draw them through the Wound running them up and down in the Wound at least twice or thrice a day and charging the Wound on either side upon the swollen places with the Charge aforesaid until you perceive that the Fire is killed then clap on a comfortable Plaister upon one of the Holes and Taint the other with a saint in the Salve made of washt Turpentine Eggs and Saffron as is beforesaid Some Farriers use to kill the Fire with the Oyl of Cream and to heal up the Wound with Turpentine Wax and Hogs grease melted together or to kill it with Snow-water and charge the swelled place with Cream and Barm beaten together and to heal up the Wound by dipping a Taint in the Yolk of an Egg Honey Saffron well beaten together Of Bones being broken and out of Joynt to Cure If your Horse hath any broken Bone then take a double strong Can vass which ought to be as broad as the Horses Fore-shoulders to his Flanks then you shall have another double Canvas which shall come from between his fore-Booths up to the top of the Wither whereas meeting with the rest of the Canvass and having very strong Loops and Ropes fastned to them sling him up upon some Beam no higher then that his Feet may touch the Ground and if it be a fore-Leg that is broken raise him up then higher before then behind and if a hinder then a little higher behind then before so that he may rest most upon the Members most sound when he is thus slung put the Bone into the right place and wrap it close up with unwashed Wooll newly pulled from the Sheeps Back bound fast to the Leg with a smooth Linnen Rowler soaked before in Oyl and Vineger mingled together and look that your Rowler lie as smooth and as plain as may be and upon that again lay more Wooll dipt in Oyl and Vineger and then Splint it with three broad smooth and strong Splints binding them fast at both ends with a Thong and be sure to keep out his Leg streight for the space of fourty days and Loosen not the Bones above thrice in twenty days unless it shrink and so require to be new drest and bound again and fail not to pour on every day through the Splints Sallet Oyl and Vineger mingled together and if at the fourty days end you find that the broken Places be soddered together with some hard Knob or Gristle then loose the bands and ease the Canvass so as the Horse may tread more firmly upon his fore-Foot which if he doth loose him altogether and let him go up and down fair and gently using from henceforth to anoint the place with soft Crease or to take of Liquid Pitch one pound of Wax two Ounces of the purest and finest part of Frankincense one Ounce of Amoniacum four Ounces of dry Rozin and of Galbanum of each one Ounce of Vineger two pints Boyl first the Vineger and Pitch together then put in the Amoniacum dissolved first in Vineger and after that the aforesaid Drugs and being united in one strain it and make into a Plaister and use it according to your occasion or to take a quart of old Sallet Oyl and put to it of Hogs-grease and of Spicma Nitre of each one pound boiled together till they begin to bubble above then take it from the Fire and when you use it let it be chafed in very hot and then the former Plaister solded about it which is very comfortable for a broken Bone A Bath very good for broken Bones To a Gallon of standing Lye put to it these things here under-written viz. Knot Grass two Handfuls Plantine two Handfuls Comfrey a Handful Wormwood a Handful Boyl these very well in the Lye and while it is warm Bathe the afflicted Member therewith and give him also at the same time inwardly the Buds of Elder gathered in March boiled in running Water for several Mornings together in half a Hornful of Sallet Oyl and Vineger and it will much avail to the Knitting of the Bones A Receipt to Cure a Stifled Horse After you have Tied down his Head to the Manger then take a Cord and fasten it to the Pastern of the stisled Leg and draw his Leg forwards and so the Bone will come right by helping it with your hand which being in your care then must be to keep it in with your hand and then Tie the other end of the Cord to the Rack so as he may not put back his Leg to dislocate the Bone for an hour or two after till it be setled and dressed wherefore let his Keeper stand by him all the while lest he should lie down or be unruly Take Pitch which you must have molten in a Pot in a readiness and with a Glout upon a stick anoint his Stifling three or four inches broad at the least and ten Inches long and presently before the Pitch can cool have a strong Piece of new Canvass cut fit for that purpose which being made very warm by a Fire clap it upon the place so neatly that the Bone cannot go forth again This Plaister must not lie towards the Flank and Foot long-ways but cross-ways upon the Joynt as it were about the Thigh otherwise it cannot hold in the Bone Having thus done anoint the Plaister on the out-side all over with the said Molten Pitch and whilst it
Cured Let him first bleed under the Tail then take of Mares Milk two quarts or the Milk of a red Cow then take a Lump of Arement then take a young Horse about the Age of fonr years and of colour black if it may be if not of some other colour run and chafe him about till he sweat much then with a Spoon or some other Instrument Rake off the Sweat from off his Head Neck Breast Back Sides Ribs Buttocks Legs and in each part or member where you can get off any and so put your Arement and your Sweat into the Milk mixing them well together and by equal Portions give it him three Mornings together till he hath taken it all and let him drink no drink after it in six or seven houres and immediately after his Drink lead him forth into some Pasture where other Horses be to sneeze stale or dung to empty himself which is very wholesom for him so to do before he either eats or drink then set him up warm and well Littered and if the Season do serve give him of the green Blades of Rye if not give him Barley steeped in Milk three days but renewed every day once Then after every of these Drinks if you feel him cold in the Pastern Joynts or that he trippeth or stumbleth as you lead him in your hand do no more to him for he is past Cure Otherwise for nine days together after Morning and Evening give him white Water only unless now and then a sweet Mash and somtimes give him Milk with his white Water if he be not above nine years old this will prolong his life whereby he may do the more service Mr. Grey declares that this Receipt a Knight taught him who recovered sundry Horses with it Swaying in the Back Take of the Fat of the fruit of the Pine-tree two Ounces of Olibanum three Ounces of Rozin four Ounces of Pitch four Ounces of Bole-Armoniack an Ounce and of Sanguis Draconis half an Ounce incorporate all these well together and lay it Plaister-wise all over the Reins of his Back and let it remain till it fall off of it self Another most Excellent Receipt for Swaying a Weakness in the Back These Infirmities are seldom or never perfectly Cured But the best Help for them that I know of is to give him inwardly some strengthning things as common Turpentine made up into Balls with the powder of Bolearmoniack and powder of the dried leaves of Clary and to apply outwardly at the same time all over the Reins of his Back these strengthning Charges viz Oxycrocium and Paracelsus melted together Or Coleworts boiled in Sallet Oyl made thick like a Poultess with the powder of Bolearmoniack and Bean-floure If you desire to see more Variety of Charges though these are very good look into the First Part and there you may find plenty where you may pick and chuse what you best fancy Foundering in the Body to Cure To Cure this Distemper is first to Rake his Fundament and to give him a Glister which you have variety of in my First Part Then take Sack or Ale a quart Cinnamon half an Ounce Licoris and Anniseeds of each two spoonfuls beaten into fine powder with five or six spoonfuls of Honey put them all into the Ale together and warm them till the Honey is molten and give it him luke-warm to drink and Ride him gently after it for the space of an hour and let him fast two houres more and keep him warm Clothed and Littered and let his Hay be sprinkled with Water and his Oats very clean Sifted from dust and give it him by little and little and let his drink be warm Mashes of Malt and Water and when he hath recovered strength let him blood in the Neck-Vein and once a day perfume his Head with Frankincense There is no Drink nor Diet that is comfortable but is good for this Disease The Way of Gathering Drying and Preserving of Simples and their Juices viz. Roots Barks Leaves Herbs Flowers Seeds c. CHAP. I. Of Roots 1. Chuse those that are sound and not rotten nor worm-eaten and let them be such as have their proper taste smell and colour 2. Those that are dry hard and sound are the best and fittest for your use 3. If they prove soft dry them in the Sun or else string them and hang them up by the Fire but the dry and hard ones you may lay any where 4. The small Roots will keep a year or two very well but the larger sort of them will keep four or five but they are best in their prime the first year 5. The best time to gather them is in the Summer before they Run out to seed for then they grow hard and sticky and lose their Vertues 6. Those Roots that you may have all the year as Plantine Fennel or Parsley c. trouble not your self to dry them CHAP. II. Of Barks 1. Barks of such Trees as are frequently with you as the Oak Elm or Ash c. Gather them but when you have present use for them As for the Out-landish you may have ready dried at the Druggist 2. The Barks of Roots as Fennel Parsley c. is only that which remains when the Pith is out which is called a Bark though very improperly CHAP. III. Of Leaves of Herbs or Trees 1. Of Leaves gather such as are fresh and green and full of Juice and in the picking of them be careful to throw away the dead and decayed Leaves which are not fit for any Physical use 2. That Place they most delight to grow in are best for use as Bitony delights to grow in the Shadow and therefore 't is better then that that grows in the Sun because it is its proper place 3. Those Herbs that Run up to Seed and in Flowers their leaves are not so good then as before they were spindled some few only excepted and therefore I advise you If through Ignorance you know them not or through Negligence forget them rather chuse to take the Tops then the Leaves 4. The Sun is better to dry them in then the Shadow 5. The best Way to keep them after they be dried is near the Fire in a Bag made of brown or white Paper 6. 'T is not certainly known how long Herbs will keep but 't is concluded by most they will keep a year very well 7. You may know when they are decayed by the loss of smell colour or both 8. Those that grows upon dry Grounds does usually keep longer then those that grow upon moist and those that are very full of Juice will not continue their Virtue so long as those that are drier because more subject to Putrifaction and Corruption 9. Those that you do thoroughly dry will keep better then those that are ill dried CHAP. IV. Of Flowers 1. The Flower which is the Glory and Beauty of the Plant is of excellent use in Physick if it be gathered when it
is that the Mallender breedeth upon the bending of the Knee on the inside of the Fore-Legs and the Selender is bred on the bending of the Hough in the Legs behind proceeding both of like causes and requireth like Cure 275 Stinking Breath is occasioned by means of corrupted and infected Lungs and you may know it by the Smell vide Lungs infected 333 A Splint in the beginning is a very Gristle and will if let run too long become to be as hard as a Bone and will be greater or smaller according to the cause of its Coming sometimes as big as a Wall-Nut sometimes as big as a Hazel-Nut It is found for the most part upon the inside of the Shank between the Knee and the Foot-lock Joynt and is very hard and difficult to Cure It is so painful to Him that it will not only cause him to Halt Trip Stumble but also fall in his Travel It cometh to him by means of too hard Travel or sore Labour whilst he is very young or by oppressing him with too heavy a burden whereby the tender Sinews of his Legs are offended It cometh also Hereditary from the Sire or Dam being troubled therewith and is known by the sight and feeling for if you pinch it with your Thumb and Finger he will shrink up his Leg. 263 Stumbling cometh two ways First Naturally Secondly Accidentally Naturally by reason that the Sinews of the fore-Legs are somewhat streight so that he is not able to use his Legs with that freedom and nimbleness he should which to Cure him of this Disease is to cut him of the Cords viz. A Slit made upon the top of his Nose and with your Cornet raise up the great Sinews and cut them asunder and heal it up again with some good Salve and this will do him no harm but good for it will give him the use of his Legs so perfectly that he will seldom or never trip more Secondly Accidentally by either Splint or Wind-galls or by being foundred prickt sâ—ub'd graveled Sinew-strained hurt in the Shoulder or Withers or by carelessly setting him up when he is too hot which maketh him go very stiff which stiffness causes stumbling 341 Stavers or Staggers is a Giddiness in the Head which when it seizeth the Brain cometh to Madness It is caused several ways sometimes by corrupt blood or gross and tough humors oppressing the Brain and is very common to most Horses and very dangerous if not taken in time sometimes it cometh by turning him out too soon to Grass before he be cold which by hanging down his Head to Seed stirreth and make thin Humors that fall down to the head and so by degrees seizeth the Brain which bringeth this mortal Sickness It cometh also by sore riding and hard labour which inflames and putrifies the Blood and disorders the whole Body The signes of this Disease are these Dimness of sight reeling and staggering of the Horse who for very pain will beat his Head against the Walls and thrust it into his Litter forsake his Meat and have waterish Eyes 235 Swelled Legs cometh to a Horse several ways sometimes by hard Riding or sore Labour when he is too fat and carelessly putting him to Grass or setting him up in the Stable too hot whereby he taketh cold which causeth the Blood Grease and Humours to fall down into his Legs and so cause them to swell sometimes it cometh by long standing in the stable when the Planks where his fore-Feet stand higher then his hinder-Feet doth which uneasie posture causeth the Blood to settle in the hinder Legs which causeth them to swell 287 Stifled this Malady cometh to a Horse Accidentally viz. Either by some strain in Leaping or by a slip in the stable or on his Travel or by some stroke or blow with a horse which either puts out the bone or much hurts or strains the Joynt The sign to know it is by the dislocated bone bearing it self out which will make him grow lame and unwilling to touch the Ground but only with his Toe till it be put in again 393 Stone cometh many ways sometimes from the weakness of the Bladder occasione by gross and bad Humors stoping the Water-Conduit or principally by violent Labour or immoderate Riding sometimes it cometh by foul Matter descending from the Liver and Spleen which falling down into the Kidneys and Bladder setleth there whereby there groweth in the Mouth of the Conduit certain hard inflamed Knobs which stoppeth his Urine and causeth him to stale with great pain and trouble by reason the Sinews and Pozes about the Neck of the Bladder are benumbed which taketh away the sense and feeling of the Bladder sometimes it cometh by keeping a Horse in his Travel too long from staling for his Water being over-heat by Exercise doth conglutinate and become so viscous and thick that Nature cannot discharge it self so freely as it should do and being pent up too long in his Kidneys engendereth Gravel sometimes red and sometimes grey which falling down into the Conduits by mixture of Phlegm and gross Humours is there brought by Conglutination to become a hard stone which stoppeth the Passage of the Urine so as he will not be able to piss or stale The signes to know this Distemper needs no more then this That he would fain piss but cannot and that many times drop by drop 360 and 363 String-halt is a sudden twitching or snatching up of his hinder-Leg much higher then the other and cometh most an end to the best Metled Horses It cometh by taking cold suddenly after hard Riding or sore Labour especially if you wash him when he is too hot which will chill his Blood and so stupisie and benumb his Sinews that it takes away the sense and feeling of that Member 341 and 394 Strangury or Strangullion is when a Horse is provoked to stale often and avoideth nothing but a few drops It cometh to him several ways sometimes by hard Riding or sore Labour which heats and makes sharp the Urine somtimes by hot meats and drinks sometimes by Ulceration of the Bladder or by means of some Imposthume in the Liver and Kidneys which being broken the Matter falleth down into the Bladder and with the sharpness thereof causeth a continual provocation of Pissing which will be with such pain that he will whisk wry and beat about his Tail as he pisseth 360 The Strangle is not as some suppose a Quinzey but an Inflammation of the throat proceeding from some cholerick or bloody Fluxion which cometh out of the branches of the Throat-veins into those parts and there breedeth some hot Inflammation stirred up by a hard cold Winter or by cold taken after hard riding or labour 'T is a great and hard swelling between the Horses nether chaps upon the roots of his Tongue and about his Throat which swelling if it be not prevented will stop his Wind-pipe and so strangle or choke him The Signes to know this disease are His Temples