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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06964	The souldiers accidence. Or an introduction into military discipline containing the first principles and necessary knowledge meete for captaines, muster-masters, and all young souldiers of the infantrie, or foote bandes. Also, the cavallarie or formes of trayning of horse-troopes, as it hath beene received from the latest and best experiences armies. A worke fit for all noble, generous, and good spirits, that loue honor, or honorable action. G.M.	Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.	1625 (1625)	STC 17388; ESTC S102642	32,968	76

what favour cannot perswade authoritie and punishment may inforce But to bring ignorant man and more ignorant horse wilde man and madd horse to those rules of Obedience which may crowne every Motion and Action with comelie orderly and profitable proceedings Hic Labor Hoc Opus To come then to the office or dutie of that Commander who taketh vpon him to Trayne or Drill a Troope of Horse he shall vnderstand that there be three things referred to his Iudgement First Election of Men and Horses Secondly Arming And lastly the Formes or manner of Tray●ning For the Election of Men and Horses they mu●● be sutable to the Armes and Weapons defensiu● and offensiue which they carrie which becaus● they are of divers kindes and divers dignities And in as much as Horse-troopes consist all of one entire Bodie or Armes and not of divers Bodies or divers Armes in one Troope as Foote Companies doe I will first giue you the names of every severall Troope of Horse and after elect Men Horse and Armes agreeable with each severall dignitie In the old Warres and before Fire was got to that height of excellence to which it is now arived the first and principall Troope of Horse were called Men at Armes or Gentlemen at Armes because the bodie of the whole Troope consisted of Noblemen Knights and Gentlemen A Prince for the most part being ever their Commander they were armed with defensiue Armes at all pe●ces C●●p a Pe from head to foote that is to say with close Caskes on their heads Gorgets about their necks faire Brestplats of Hargobus proofe and Backpeeces of lesse proofe for their bodies Pouldrons for their shoulders Vambraces for their arms Gauntlets for their hands Taces for the belly Cui●ses for the knees and Greaues for the legs and feete ●nd about their wa●ts rich Bases of Velvet Sattin S●●ke or other s●uffe and Girdles and Hangers For offensiue Armes they had faire guilt Swords and Daggers strong Launces headed with Steele a Case of short Pistols with Priming-box Flaske key and Bullet bag a well armed Battellaxe and a strong payre of Spurres on his heeles with long neckes and long Rowells His Horse should be strong well shaped of great courage and throughly mand and ridden he should by all meanes be stoned because tyring hurts them not of lustie age and faire trotting and of these Horses the Neopolitan is the best the Greeke next then the Spanyard the English the Almaine or the French For his furniture it should be either a Barbe of Steele or a Caparison of Bend-leather arming from the pole of the necke to the pomell of the Saddle and so round about his brest as also from the hinder part of the Saddle over all his buttockes and downe to the Cambrell He shall haue a Shaffron for his forehead and for the other part of his head an headstall and raynes of broad leather the raynes being lyned with a small chayne of Iron to prevent cutting and in his mouth a faire Bitt on his backe a Steele-saddle with three Girtes of double Webb with Stirrops Stirrop-leathers and for his Tayle a faire Saker with rich Tassels and a strong Twynsell This was the ordinarie Arming of the Gentlemen at Armes for the Field onely some at their owne discretions would to the former peeces adde a Placcard to cover the brestplate which was an advancement of the proofe but not an inforcement from Commandment Now if these Gentlemen were to arme for Triumph before the King or Queene then to the peeces defensiue before shewed they ought to haue if it were for the Tylt a Grandguard for the Breast a Pasguard for the left shoulder and a Maine-fere for the left hand If it were for the Tourney then onely a Buffe for the chynne and a lockt Gauntlet for the right hand The second Troope of Horse were called Launciers or Demilaunciers they were armed at all peeces from the head to the knee like the Gentlemen at Armes and their offensiue weapons were a Launce a case of short Pistolls a Battle-axe Sword and dagger strong horses well ridden for the field armed with a Steele-Saddle Headstall Raynes Bit Brest-plate Crooper Trappings Girtes Stirrops and Leathers The third sort of auncient Horsemen were called Light-horse and they were armed for defence with Burgenets or Steele-caps Gorgets Curats or Plate-coats Gauntlets or Gloues of Male for offensiue Armes they had a slender chasing staffe a single Pistoll and sometimes a case a Sword and dagger Their horses were nimble light Gueldings fayre trotting and well ridden the furniture for the Horse was a strong Headstall and raynes a Bitt a Morocco Saddle Pettrell Crooper light trappings and other necessaries sutable The men to be handsome Yeomen or Serving-men● light timberd and of comely shape where it skils not much for the tallnes or greatnes of the bodie but for the height of spirit and the goodnesse of the inclination In which little David many times puts downe the greatest Goliah Thus for your knowledge nor your example I haue shewed you the severall Compositions and armings of Horsemen according to the auncient times when the Bow and the Hargobus had the first place and the Musquet and other fierie weapons lay obscured But to come to these our present times wherein the vttermost strength of the Fire is found out and explaned and to shew you that which you must onely imitate and follow you shall know that all our Horse-troopes are reduced to one of these three Formes The first and principall Troope of horsemen for the generalitie are now called Cuirassiers or Pistolleirs and these men ought to be of the best degree because the meanest in one of these Troopes is ever by his place a Gentleman and so esteemed They haue for defensiue Armes Gorget Curats Cutases which some call Culets others the Guard-de-Reine because it armeth the hinder parts from the wast to the Saddle-crootch then Pouldrons Vambraces a left hand Gauntlet Taces Cuisses a Caske a Sword Girdle and Hangers For offensiue armes they shall haue a case of long Pistolls fierlockes if it may be but Snaphaunces where they are wanting● The Barrels of the Pistolls would be 26. inches long and the Bore of 36. Bullets in the pound Flaske Priming-box Key and Moulds their horses should be stoned and of the best R●ces fayre trotting and well ridden for the Warres that is to say being able to passe a strong and swift Cariere to stop close to retire at pleasure and to turne readily on both hands either in large Rings or in strayt especially the Turne called Terra Terra the horse shall haue Saddle Bridle Bit Petrell Crooper with leathers to fasten his Pistols and his necessary sacke of carriage with other necessary things according to the forme of good Horsemanship The second sort of which many Troopes of Horse are compounded are called Hargobusseirs or Carbines these men ought to be the best of the first

Guydon 46 A●vancement of Captaines of Horse 46 The Formes of Trayning 47 The Imbattayling of Horsemen 47 The extent of a Fyle 47 The extent of a Ranke 48 The devision of a Horse-Troope 48 Fiue things to be taught 48 Manage of the Horse 49 Words of Command 49 The performance 49 The words and the performance 50.51.52 Carriage and vse of Armes 53 The Postures of the Pistoll 53 Postures Standing 53 Postures Charging or Marching 53 Postures Discharging 54 Postures in Skirmish 54 The best way to Teach 55 Of distance of place 55 Of Motion 55 Of Marches 56 Words of especiall direction 56 The manner of Opening or Closing Rankes or Fyles 57 Of doubling Rankes or Fyles 57 Of doubling the Front divers wayes 57 The turning of Faces 58 Of Countermarching or Wheeling 58 Observations in Countermarching 58 Observations in Wheeling 59 Observations in doubling the Front 59 Of the Trumpet 60 The first poynt of Warre and its vse 60 The second poynt of Warre and its vse 60 The third and its vse 61 The fourth and its vse 61 The fifth and its vse 61 The sixt and its vse 61 Speciall Notes 62 The chiefe Officers in an Horse Armie● 62 Wherein the Iustice consisteth 62 The places of great Officers 62 The Composition of Regiments 63 Whence directions are received 63 The end of the second Table ERRATA PAge 14. line 28. for before reade betweene p. 18. l. 24. for Formes r. Forme p. 31. l. 30. for lenitie r. leuitie p. 32. l. 11. for not r. at p. 33. l. 18. for yea r. yet p. 41. l. 28. for Rooes reade Races THE SOVLDIERS ACCIDENCE THe Captaines of the men to be Trained for the Warres whether they be Muster-Masters or other private Commanders haue two things to be referred vnto them that is sorting of Armes and the Formes or true Manners of Trayning For the Sorting of Armes it is a good preportion to haue a Companie equally compounded of Armed men and Shot the Armed men to be all Pikes except the Officers The Shot to be at least halfe Musquets the other halfe Harquebushes but if the Shot could be two parts Musquets it were better but if all Musquets then best of all Also care is to be had what men are put to every finde of Armes the strong tall and best persons to be P●kes the squarest and broadest will be fit to carry Musquets and the least and nimblest may if necessitie compell be turned to the Harquebush But aboue all other respects it is to be considered to what Armes every man doth best frame himselfe for which cause it is not amisse that the Captaine see the same men to vse severall Armes before he doe appoint them certainly to carry any one Next he shall see that every man be well and sufficiently Armed with good and allowable Armes That is to say all his Pikemen shall haue good Spanish Morians or els Steele Caps for their heads well lined with quilted Caps Curaces for their bodies of nimble and good ●ould being at the least high pike proo●e● large and well ●ompa●t Gordgets for their Neckes Fayre and close ioyned Taces to arme to the mid-thigh as for the Pouldron or the Vant●●●●e they may be spared because they are but 〈…〉 All this Armour is to be rather of Russet Sang●ine or Blacke colour● then White or Milld for it will keepe the longer from rust They shall haue strong straight yet nimble Pikes of Ash-wood well headed with Steele and armed with plates downward from the head at least foure foote and the full size or length of every Pike shall be fifte one foote beside the head These Pikemen shall also haue good sharpe and broad Swords of which the Turkie or Bilboe are best strong Scabards chapt with Iron Girdle Hangers or Bautricke of strong Leather and lastly if to the Pikemans Headpeece be fastned a small ring of Iron and to the right side of his Backpeece below his Girdle an Iron hooke to hang his Steele-cap vpon it will be a great ease to the Souldier and a nimble carriage in the time of long Marches All his Musquetiers shall be armed in good Spanish Marians vpon their Heads About their bodies Bautrickwise from the left shoulder vnder the right arme they shall carry Bandiliers of broad Leather hauing made fast● vnto them at least twelue or thirteene charges of wood or horne well covered with Leather and hanging by large long strings that with ease they may be brought to the mouth of the Peece And these Charges must containe Powder according to the bore and bignesse of the Piece by due measure They shall also haue Swords Girdles Hangers or Bautrickes and Bullet bags in which they shall carrie their Moulds Bullets Wormes Screwes Rammer and Pryming Iron Also they shall haue good and sufficient Musquets of true size and bore with cleane Barrels and straight scowring stickes headed at the one end with Rammers of horne sutable to the bore of the Piece and at the other with boxes of iron in which to screw their Wormes iron Rammers and the like The Cockes and Trickers of the Piece for Seares are not good shall be nimble to goe and come and the Stocks shall be straight of very sound wood Lastly for their right hands they shall haue Rests of Ash wood or other tough wood with iron Pikes in the neather end and halfe hoopes of Iron aboue to rest the Musquet on and double strong stringes fastned neare therevnto to hang about the arme of the Souldier when at any time he shall haue occasion to traile the same And the length of these Rests shall be sutable to the stature of the man bearing his Piece so as he may discharge it without stooping The Harquebushes shall be armed like the Musquets The Rest onely excepted and the quantitie of the Piece and the Charges duely considered Your Halberdier shall be armed in all points like your Pike onely in stead of the Pike he shall carry a faire Halberd that is strong sharpe and well armed with plates of iron from the Blade at least two foot downward vpon the Staffe and fringed or adorned according to pleasure And these Halberds doe properly belong vnto the Serieants of Companies who by reason of their much imployment are excused from Armes Otherwise in the day of Battaile or in the Battaile they are for guard of the Ensigne or matter of execution and then to be armed as is aforesaid The Ensigne or Bearer of the Captaines colours shall be armed at all pieces to the mid thigh as as Head-peece Gorget Curaces Pouldrons Vantbranes and Taces with a faire Sword by his side and his Captaines Colours or Ensigne in his hand The Lieutenants of Companies shall be armed like the Ensigne-bearer and his weapon shall be a faire guilt Partizan The Captaines shall be armed as the Lieutenants onely as much richer as they please and their weapons to lead with shall be Feather staues But their weapons to serue or

inferior degree that is to say of the best yeomen or best Serving-men having actiue and nimble bodies ioyned with good spirits and ripe vnderstandings these men shall haue for defensiue Armes Gorgets Curats Cutasses Pouldrons Vambraces and a light head peece wide sighted and the ●ever to let downe vpon barres of Iron for offensiue Armes he shall haue an Hargobus of three foot three inches long and the bore of twentie Bullets in the pound with Flaske P●iming-boxe and moulds or in stead of these Cartalages which will serue either for this or any other peece on horsebacke also a good Sword and other accouterments according to his place His horse shall be either a fayre stoned trotting horse or a lustie strong Guelding well ridden he shall be armed with a Morocco Saddle Bridle Bit Petrell and Crooper with the rest before shewed necessarie to his place The last sort of which our Horse-troopes are compounded are called Dragons which are a kinde of footmen on Horsebacke and doe now indeed succeed the light Horsemen and are of singular vse in all the actions of Warre their Armes defensiue are an open headpeece with cheeks and a good Buffe coat with deepe skirts and for offensiue armes they haue a fayre Dragon filted with an Iron worke to be carried in a Belt of leather which is buckled over the right shoulder and vnder the left arme hauing a Turn●ll of Iron with a ring through which the peece runneth vp and downe and these Dragons are short peeces of 16. inches the Barrell and full Musquet bore with firelockes or snap-haunces also a Belt with a Flaske pryming-boxe key and Bullet-bag and a good Sword the Horse shall be armed with a Saddle Bridle Bit Petrell Crooper with Straps for his sacke of necessaries and the Horse himselfe shall be either a good lustie Guelding or a nimble stoned Horse These Dragons in their Marches are allowed to be eleauen in a Range or File because when they serue it is many times on foote for the maintenance or surprising of strayt wayes Bridges or Foords so that when ten men alighteth to serue the eleventh man holdeth their Horses So that to every Troope of an hundred there is an hundred and ten men allowed Now for the Arming of the superior Officers of these Troopes you shall vnderstand that a Captaine of Cuirasseirs may be armed at all peeces Cap a Pe in such sort as I shewed for the Gentlemen at Armes onely he shall haue no Launce nor Battle-axe but onely his Pistolls and Sword his owne head his Horses head and his Horses buttockes may be p●umed He may lead his men with a white Trunche on chargd on his right thigh His place is on the head of his Troope before the Trumpet he hath the absolute governmemt of his Troope both for instruction and maintenance onely he is to receiue all especiall Orders from his Colonell His Colonell from the Serieant-maior of the field and the Serieant-maior from the Marshall The Lieutenant may be armed to the knee like the Captaine and his owne head and his Horses plumed his place is at the Reare and in Marches he may carry a Truncheon but of a thicker size then that of the Captaines The Cornet shall be armed and horst in all points both defensiue and offensiue like the Lieutenant onely in stead of the Truncheon he shall carry charged on his right thigh his Captaines Cornet which being a private Captaine should be compounded of Colour and Mettall impaled that is the one halfe Colour the other Mettall The substance of the Cornet should be of Damaske and the forme must be almost square onely a little longer from the staffe then on the staffe and frindged about sutablie The staffe shall be small like a foote Ensigne and not so long as an ordinary Launce it must be headed with Steele and either guilt or silverd with fayre Tassels sutable to the Cornet If the Cornet belong to a greater Officer it shall then be of one entire Colour of lesse quantitie and full square And in this Cornet the Captaine may carrie devise and word or els none at his owne pleasure The Trumpet is not bound to any Armes at all more then his Sword which in former times was not allowed but with the point broken He shall haue a fayre Trumpet with Cordens sutable to his Captaines Colours and to his Trumpet shall be made fast a fayre Banner containing his Captaines full Coate-Armour he may weare Scarfe and feather and all other ordinary accouterments of a horsemen and for his horse it shall be a good hackney with Gentleman-like furniture The Corporalls shall be armed at all poynts and horst like the mayne bodie of the Troope onely in their right hands they shall carry Truncheons for their office is like the Serieants of Foote Companies to ride extravagantly vp and downe on either side the Troope to see them keepe their Rankes and Files and that all things may be performed which shall come from the Captaines direction They are likewise to supplie and doe all the duties of Corporalls and Lamprizadoes of Foote both vpon Scoutes Watches and Guards as also to looke to the provision of all necessary things which appertaineth to the Troope and where their own power cannot reforme there to informe their superior Officers And therefore these Officers are to be chosen out of the Troope as the principall and best vnderstanding men therein The Captaine of the Hargobusseirs shall be armed horst and accoutered at all points like the Lieutenants of Cuirassiers the Lieutenants of the Hargobusseirs like the Cornet of Cuirassiers and the Cornet of Hargobusseirs like a priuate Gentleman of the troope of Cuirassiers The Captaine of dragons shall be armed like the Lieutenant of the Hargobusseirs the Lieutenant of Dragons like the Cornet of Hargobusseirs the Cornet and Pistolls excepted for he shall carrie the weapons of his owne troope and the Guydon for these shall not be led with a Cornet of the dragons shall be armed like a priuate Gentleman of Hargobusseirs And here is to be noted that the difference betwixt the Cornet and the Guydon is much for the Guydon is the first Colours that any Commander of horse can let flie in the field This Guydon is of damaske friudged may be charged either with the Crest of him that is the owner thereof or with other devise at his pleasure It is in proportion three foote at the least deepe in the topp next the staffe vpon the staffe and so extendeth downe narower and narower to the bottome where the ende is sharpe but with a slitt devided into two peaks a foote deepe the whole Guydon is sixe foote long and should be carried vpon a Launce staffe If the Captaine owner of this Guydon shall do a good dayes service or produce from his vertue somthing worthy advancement so that he is called to a better command as to lead Hargobusseirs or Cuirassiers