assurance hee demaunded succours from Almotaraph king of Mauritania Tingitana where the kingdomes of Fez and Marocco are at this present And hauing by that meanes assembled a great armie of Moores Affricans and Spaniards he spoyled the Christians countrey as farre as the riuer of Duero and the towne of S. Stephen de Gomas where there was an incounter and the Moores vanquished Moores defeated and the Generalls and Lieutenants of the two kings Abderramen and Almotaraph slaine which incouraged D. Ordogno to proceed so as in the yeare 894 hee entred the countrey called Estrema-dura Anno 894. crossing the riuers of Tayo and Guadiana vnto Merida and Badaios the territories of which townes he spoyled The Moores inhabiting these townes not daring to sallie forth they purchased a truce of some monethes for a great summe of money This losse tormented Abderramen and inflamed him to reuenge wherefore in the yere 895 he entred Galicia with a great power Anno 895. where he committed infinit spoyles In the end both armies being met there was a bloudie battell which continued almost a whole day with vncertaintie which had the victorie Abderramen being afterwards fortified with new succours from Affricke he came againe to wast the countrey of king D. Ordogno and entred by the prouince of Alaua into the territories of the king of Nauarre which should be at that time D. Sancho Abarca or rather his brother D. Fortun the second and not D. Garcia Inigues their father who they hold died in the yeare 885 And then there was a great battell giuen in the vallie of Ionquera Battell of Ionquera lost by the Christians in the which many braue Christian knights were slaine The Mahumetists being victors many townes and forts of Nauarre fell into the Infidells hands King Abderramen returned victor vnto Cordoua leading with him many prisoners and a rich bootie In this troupe of prisoners were the Bishops of Salamanca and of Tuy He of Tuy called Hermogius not able to endure the hardnesse of the prison being old laboured to get out giuing for hostage of his ransome a nephew of his called Pelagius a goodly young youth about fourteene yeares old who had beene bred vp religiously and in the feare of God Being come into the Moores hands king Almansor being thrust on with a detestable desire would haue abused him at his pleasure and haue persuaded him to follow Mahumets sect the which this holy youth did vertuously resist Wherefore the king being inraged he caused him to be murthered with many torments and to be cast into the riuer of Guadalquibir Pelagius a holy youth cruelly murthered where his bodie being found it was buried by the Christians Whose memorie for his great vertues in so tender yeares merits to liue for euer King D. Ordogno desirous to repaire the losse which the Christians had receiued in the vallie of Ionquera Ouiedo and Leon. entred in the yeare 896 Anno 896. into the Moores countrey with great forces where hee tooke and ruined many townes and meeting no incounter hee returned to Zamora As for the religious deeds of this king they make particular mention of the building of S. Maries church in his owne royall Palace of Leon which he made the Cathedrall church of that towne and indowed it with reuenewes and many iewels inducing the other noblemen by his example to doe the like He caused himselfe to be crowned in this new Temple with great solemnitie being the first of those kings which intitled himselfe king of Ouiedo and Leon for vnto these times they hold That these kings tearmed themselues onely kings of Ouiedo without any addition of Leon. Before the Cathedrall church of Leon were those of Saint Peter and Saint Paule without the circuit of the walls in those times the which he did inlarge and made the towne much bigger enriching it with many buildings exemptions and priuiledges We haue said before That there was a great errour in the computation of the raignes of these kings of Ouiedo and great confusion in conferring them with those that haue raigned in Nauarre and the other Potentates of Spaine for the Authors doe ill agree with the Charters and titles of priuiledges donations and foundations which are found in the true stories of Monasteries and other churches of Spaine especially it is vncertaine what kings of Nauarre were in the time of king D. Ordogno nor when he maried his last wife D. Sanctiua daughter to king D. Garcia Inigues the second whether in his life time or during the raigne of D. Fortun and D. Sancho Abarca his children the fact is cleere but the time is doubtfull Some Authors write That this king D. Ordogno made this league with D. Sancho Abares king of Nauarre and that hauing ioyned their forces together they inuaded the countrey of Rioje which the Moors held and hauing forraged it they returned with great spoyles hauing found no resistance 47 The worthie and memorable deeds of this king are blemished with the cruelties hee vsed against the earles of Castille Castille We haue made mention of Cont D. Diego Porcello or Lechon in the Spanish tongue who gouerned Castille in the time of king D. Alphonso the great besides there is mention of other earles and gouernors of the countrey the which for that it was great and compassed in by the Moores countrey had need of many heads and captains to defend the frontiers of Ouiedo and Leon vnder whose soueraigntie Castille was Among others we find D. Nugno Fernandes who it is likely was father in law to D. Garcia king of Ouiedo brother to this king D. Ordogno D. Almondar le Blanc D. Diego his sonne D. Fernando Anzures all these commaunded there and were great noblemen in the said countrey of Castille about the yeare 889 which they hold to be the first of D. Ordogno king of Ouiedo and Leon. It is not verified vpon what subiect they fell in disgrace with this king if it were not by reason of the practises of D. Nugno Fernandes and D. Garcia against king D. Alphonso the great kings being alwayes iealous of their estates Enuie and iealousie familiar passions in great men and enemies to them that attempt against their Soueraigne Princes the which in some is accompanied with an enuie of their glorie whom being their subiects they know to be aduenturous fit for great enterprises and to execute them happily So it may be D. Ordogno fearing that these earles who had fought valiantly against the Moores and well defended their prouinces for the which they were beloued and respected of the people should grow too great to the prejudice of his royall Maiestie he meant to murther them He therefore called them vpon a safeconduct to a place called Regular vpon the riuer of Carrion making shew that he would treat secretly with them of matters of great importance Whither being come he caused them to be apprehended and carried with good gards to Leon Earles and
Arthois had beene sent who with the aduise of a Cardinal the Popes Legat and Mary Princesse of Salerne wife vnto Charles who was prisoner gouerned the realme of Naples They were then vpon termes of a good accord when as these Gouernors hauing sent a great army into Sicile vnder the command of Renaud del Balso Earle of Auellin tooke the towne of Cattanea whereof king D. Alphonso being aduertised he sent backe Roger de Loria Admiral of Sicile to succor and defend his brothers country The Earle of Auellin hauing made this prize hee sent the galleys which had transported his army backe to Naples to bring the rest of his troupes which were yet on land and at the same instant Guy of Montfort Earle of Languillare with the Earles of Boullen and Flanders hauing leauied men in Tuscany were ready to imbarke vpon the bankes of Sienna when as Roger de Loria the Admiral arriued in the Italian seas who hauing descouered the fleet which went to transport the souldiars at Naples hee pursued them and tooke them easily hauing none to make any defence and soone after hee espied about sixty gallies sayling towards Sicile which was the army of those French Noblemen aboue named which had imbarqued in Tuscany whose Admiral was called Arrighin a Geneuois Roger charged them courragiously and put them to rout without any great difficulty for the souldiars in the French fleete could fight better at land then at sea the Commanders were taken all which paied their ransoms except the Earle of Montfort who was detained prisoner and there died These two victories were the recouery of Cattanea the which was yeelded to the Arragonois by the Earle of Auellin who with his compagnions returned with their bag and baggage to Naples By this meanes the treaty of peace which Edward made was broken but he desisted not vntil he had drawne them to those conditions That Charles should be set at liberty paying twenty thousand or as some say thirty thousand markes of siluer for his ransome That he should procure the Pope to inuest King Iames in the realme of Naples Conditions of peace betwixt the King of Arragon and Naples prisoner that he should take away the Interdict and absolue the two brethren of Arragon and that he should be a meanes to make Charles Earle of Valois quit the interest he pretended in Catalogne by vertue of a donation made vnto him by Pope Martin for the execution whereof hee should haue three yeeres time and in case he could not performe them hee should returne againe to prison for assurance whereof hee should giue his three sonnes Lewis Robert and Iohn in hostage with forty gentlemen of the county of Prouence The which Charles hauing promised and the hostages deliuered he was released foure yeeres after his taking He came into France and labored in vaine with Charles of Valois Charles of Valois wil not yeeld vp his right to Cattelogne who would neuer relinguish the title hee had to Cattelogne Pope Nicholas also would not yeeld vnto that which Charles had promised touching the realme of Sicile the which hee sayd was a fee belonging to the church wherefore he past speedily into Italy with good troupes of men led by Emery of Narbone Being in Tuscany he spent some time to fauour the Guelphes party against the Gibilins the which were two frantike factions afflicting Italy since the dissention betwixt the Popes and Emperor Frederic continued among the Italians without subiect or sence with horrible examples of Impiety and inhumanity The French which delt in these quarrels held the Guelphes faction Charles beeing come to Rome Pope Nicholas the fourth crowned him in the yeere of our Lord 1289. King of both Siciles from the which he could not be disswaded An. 1289. wherewith they Arragonois held themselues much wronged and fell to armes more violently then before Suritez affirmes that this yeere King Charles the Limping came and presented himselfe armed betwixt the valley of Ionquera and the hill of Panizaçe making a shew as if he came to yeeld himselfe to the King of Arragon according to the treaty and that hee returned sodainely to Perpignan The Calabrois neighbours to Sicile were daily sollicited to reuolt the which the Inhabitants of the Cathenzan did who gaue themselues to King Iames wherevpon king Charles beeing accompanied by the Earle of Artois led an army thether to succor which place king Iames beeing come with his Admiral and hauing landed his men hee was incountred and defeated by the French and forced to saue himselfe in his galleies yet without any great losse wherefore the Arragonois desiring to diuert this siege they sailed towards Gayete where hauing seized vpon a hill neere vnto it they gaue many assaults but without any effect King Charles and the Earle of Arthois leauing sufficient troupes to entertaine the siege of Cathenzan marched towards Gayete being resolued to giue battaile to the Arragonois but they kept themselues from fighting beeing lodged in a place of aduantage and neere vnto their galleys There was a mediation for a true betwixt the two kings and the realmes of Sicile Truce for fiue yeeres betwixt the French and Arragonoiz and Naples the which king Charles yeelded vnto for fiue yeeres against the aduice of the Earle of Arthois who held the victory in his hand assuring himselfe to force the enemy to fight wherevpon hee grew much discontented and leauing Italy returned into France with his troupes vpon this truce Cathenzan was yeelded This first conquest which the kings of Arragon made out of Spaine was the cause of great broyles warre and ruines in Christendome for which they chiefely smarted whereof the Popes were the subiect as they stood well or ill affected to those Princes of whose miseries and of their ruines they were secure spectators beeing defended from all daunger through the opinion of their holinesse and authority At the death of Pope Martin his successour Honorius the fourth had setled and confirmed D. Iames of Arragon and absolued the King D. Pedro but Pope Nicholas the fourth malitiously and without any feare of the shedding of Christians bloud did kindle a new warre betwixt the French and Arragonois whereas hee would not crowne Charles King of Naples alone but of Naples and Sicile together D. Iames of Arragon holding Sicile at that time at his coronation he tooke the armes which the realme hath since carried which are in Eagle sable in a field argent the which Manfroy was wont to beare and the bends geules in a field Or of Barcelona 8 The King of Castille being sollicited Castille and much troubled to resolue vpon the deliuery of his Nephewes of Cerde detained in Arragon and to recompence them in such sort as his soueraignty might remaine entire and peceable to him and his successours hee sent to that end Ambassadors to Philip the faire King of France beeing at Lions but what they could not then effect by treaties and negotiations
gaue to Don Bernardin of Cabrera son to Don Bernard After his returne into Spaine the treatie of peace betwixt him and the Common-weale of Genoua was againe debated before the Pope by the Ambassadours of both parties but all came to nothing wherefore the tumults increasing in Sardynia and Mathew D'Oria hauing forced the castell of Oria the king sent D. Gilbert Chintilla thither with what forces he could and entred into a cruell war against Castile in the yeare 1356. the cause whereof was as followeth 7 Don Pedro king of Castile beeing at some peace with his subiects and soiourning in the cittie of Seuile he went one day to Saint Lucar of Barameda Castile and Arragon to see the fishing of Thuns which is very plentifull in those parts where it happened that as the army of Arragon consisting of ten gallies and some other vessels commanded by Francis Perillos past along that Coast to go into France in fauour of King Iohn against the English they met with two ships of Genoa laden with oyles which the gallies had poursued and taken in the port of Saint Lucar whereuppon the king of Castile who was vppon the place gaue the Admirall of Arragon to vnderstand that that prize was an injurie done vnto him and therfore he shold restore the ships with their ladings and furniture wherof the Admirall Perillos made no accompt saying that they were shippes belonging to the enemies of his king and the Arragon Authors say that Perillos entred euen into the mouth of Guadalquibir and their made prey of all he found whereat the king of Castile beeing moued he caused all the Cattelan shippes and Merchants to bee arrested within his Realme and seazed vppon all their goods and merchandise And as he was cholericke and furious not respecting peace truce league nor allyance whatsoeuer hee sent to denounce warre against the Arragonois and began to put it in execution Notwithstanding that he offered to recompence vnto the Merchants whome his Admirall had spoyled and to make all other honest satisfactions accustomed betwixt Prince and Prince All this preuayled not for about the end of the yeare 1356. hee sent troups of horse and foote to spoyle the territories of Valence An. 1356. towards Murcia and also of Molina thrust on by some about him who were desirous of stirres thinking to assure and increase their Estates by the meanes of forraine warres so as the king of Arragon found himselfe suddenly engaged in a dangerous warre against a mighty enemy to preuent the which hee drew vnto him Lewis brother to the King of Nauarre Gouernour of that Countrie and had from thence such succours as the Estate of their affaires could well beare wherein Lewis shewed himselfe so discreet and wise as the King of Castile held him a neuer betwixt both parties Moreouer he called vnto him out of France Henry Earle of Transtamara base brother to the king of Castile and much hated by him who made himselfe Vassall to the Crown of Arragon and had from the King the lands of Villegrasse Montblanc and others in Cattelogne Arragon and Valence doing fealtie and homage yea in a manner all that had beene held by Donna Leonora the Queene Dowager and her children Don Fernand and Don Iohn of Arragon and was made Commander of the men of warre for the defence of the frontiers against Castile which made the king of Castile to come into Arragon in person with greater forces and to make warre with all violence and extremity where hee tooke Bordalua and Embite and so prest Tarassone with the force of armes as hee forced the Inhabitants to surrender and yeeld the place without opposition vppon condition that they might retire to Tudele a towne of Nauarre Besides this he tooke Alcala of Firuela Verrejon and the castell of los Fajos hauing in his arâ—â—ie nine thousand horse span and a great number of foote against the which forces the Arragonois durst not present themselues wherefore he marched as farre as hee pleased and then returned to Tarassone There by the meanes and industrie of Cardinall William the Popes Legate there was a truce concluded for a yeare whereuppon he took his way towards Seuile Beeing yet at Tarassone he had newes that Don Iohn de la Cerde and D. Aluar Perez of Guzman were reuolted from him and had taken the party of Arragon and that at that instant they had beene charged and defeated by his men in Andalusia and Don Iohn de la Cerde taken D. Iohn de la Cerde slaine by the 〈◊〉 Commandement whom he commanded to bee slaine before his arriuall then being come to Seuile he spent the rest of the yeare to prepare in armie at sea for the future warre for his intent was not to conclude a peace neither would he yeeld the cittie of Tarassone into the Legats hands according to the capitulations nor performe any part of that which had beene treated notwithstanding that the king of Arragon had performed all on his part whereuppon the Leagate beeing at Tudele in Saint Maries church he propounded a sentence of Excommunication against Don Pedro King of Castile and did interdict his Realme in the presence of the Bishops of Cominges and Tarrassone and the Ambassadors of Castile and Arragon the which put the king of Castile into a greater furie The Legate beeing at Huesca published the Decree and Censure against the King of Castile and his Realme by the which besides that which hath beene spoken he was condemned in hundred Markes of siluer to the Sea of Rome and defence made to Lewis brother to the king of Nauarre to the kings of England and Portugall to all Christian Princes yea and to those that did in any sort belong by consanguinitie to this excommunicated king not to conuerse with him nor to giue him ayde nor succours Then was the Infant Don Fernand of Arragon perswaded by some Noblemen of Arragon to meete with Don Pedro king of Arragon his brother in a valley couered with trees where they had a long and friendly discourse so as the Infant returned full of promises and hopes The Captaine of Tarassone for the king of Castile called Gonçales Lusio was also drawne by the perswasions of Suero Garcia of Toledo who was fled into Arragon sonne to Garcia Suero to yeeld vp that place to the King of Arragon vppon promise of fortie thousand Florins the which he did soone after execute And for that the effects of the King of Castiles bad inclination appeared daily there was a League made betwixt the King of Maroc and hee of Arragon to the preiudice of Castile and Don Tello of Castile and the Earle of Luna entred with an armie towards Soria where they spoiled the Countrie Thus these two Kings Don Pedro King of Castile and Don Pedro king of Arragon wilfull cholericke and madde sell againe into a cruell and pernitious warre to the inestimable prejudice of their subiects and shame and dishonor to the
countrey of the Oretanes makes at this day a part of the realme of Toledo it comprehends the fields of Calatraua the passage called the fields of Alcocer and part of the mountaines Marianes at this present Sierra Morena vnto Iaen and to the frontiers of Granado Oreton of the Germanes which some thinke to bee Calatraua Castulo then a great and mightie towne and now a small burrough called Caslona vpon the riuer Guadiana where Himilca the wife of Hannibal was borne issued from the race of Milicus who built it Mentisa which is Iaen according vnto some and Astapa a famous retreat of desperat theeues Nobilia Cusibis and Illusia were of the Oretanes Among the Celtiberians were Ergauica Celtiberians Alce Turiasso that is Tarassone Bilbilis at this present Calataiub whereas the Poet Martiall was borne Saguntia now Siguenza Contrebia and Valeria which is Concha Betwixt the Celtiberians and the riuer Ebro Lobetanes were the Lobetanes and on this side Ebro vnder the Vascons and mount Edulius dwelt the Ilergetes and towards the Pyrenee mountaines and at the foot of them Suessetanes Lacetanes â—usetanes Cerretanes the Suessetanes Lacetanes Authetanes or Ausetanes and Cerretanes being all contained partly in Nauarre and Arragon and part in Catalogne at this present Suessa the chiefe towne of the Suessetanes may be Sanguessa in Nauarre and Iacca at that time was of the auntient Lacetanes The towne of Ilerda which is Lerida gaue the name to the Ilergetes to them there also belonged Osca Huesca at this day and Bergidum which is Vrgel and Anitorgis or Athanasia As for the towne of Iliturgis it is obscurely limited by the auntients Some of the later will haue it among the Ilergetes others place it in the Oretanes countrey and others in the Betique prouinces places farre distant one from another The Authetanes or Ausetanes did possesse Geronda in our time Girone and among the Cerretanes were Ausonia the auntient and Iulia Libica which some hold to be Linca This is all which I haue thought fit to gather of the people inhabiting the firme land of Spaine the which were found there and augmented by the Carthaginians and Romanes when as they contended for the possession thereof whereof some markes appeared at that time and that they had immutable limits the which doe now assure vs of their habitations 11 There is mention made by some authors Islands about Spaine of many islands about Spaine whereof some are no more others are yet famous The Cassiterides fertile in tinne were placed by the Cosmographers neere vnto Cap Finis terrae Cassiterides lost islands but there is no more any mention of them whereby it seemes they haue been swallowed vp in the sea vnlesse they will say they be those of the Axores which are too far from Spaine The islands of the gods in the West Ocean Islands of the gods may be those of Bayone neere vnto Ponteuedra in Gallicia The island of Gades was in old time called Tartesse Erythrea Calis and the antient names or according vnto some Erythie Cotynusia Aphrodisia Gadira Gadir and Gaddir although that Gaddir in the opinion of some is a common name to the island and to other places of Betique Spaine neere vnto it as well as Tartesse and now they haue named it Gadiz or Galis It hath beene the most famous of all others about Spaine and is yet renowned and rich but much more in auntient times For although that in the Romanes time they had scarce any territorie yet was it one of the greatest the richest and best peopled townes in Europe It appeares by the description of Censures at one time That there were fiue hundred heads of families of the order of Knights among the inhabitants thereof One Balbus a Gaditane enlarged the towne almost halfe bigger than it was and called his new worke Neapolis In this island there was a fountaine flowing and ebbing dayly with the sea Ioyning vnto it there were two other small islands whereof the one was called Didima They write That in old time the island of Gadis was much greater than it is now It hath in length from the South to the North some ten or twelue miles and is seperated from the maine land by a narrow channell and distant from the strait of Gibaltar some threescore miles or fiftie leagues In the Iberique Islands Baleares Maiorca Minorca or Mediterranean sea are the two islands Baleares called in these times Majorca and Minorca for that the one is bigger than the other Their first name was Gymnasies for that the inhabitants thereof went all naked Gymnos in Greeke is naked in our language But for that the men of this island were good Archers they were called Baleares vnlesse wee will beleeue that this name was giuen them by one Balee whom Hercules gaue them for their Gouernour as some write In those dayes great Commonweales drew good souldiours from thence who did commonly vse slings and did euer carie three with the one he did bind his head with another he did girt himselfe and the third he held in his hand and with these armes they wrought great effects and did much amaze their enemies Maiarquins expert in slings for they were practised in it from their youth by their mothers who set their breakfast bread vpoÌ„ the top of a post the which they must beat down with their slings or else they fasted These islanders were long before they would vse either gold or siluer remembring the great calamities which Spaine had suffered by reason of these mettals wherfore they held themselues to bee well assured in forbidding the vse of it Gold and siluer forbidden by the antient Maiorquins They did sometimes capitulate with the Carthaginians who often imployed their souldiours in their warres that they should guie them wiues and wine for their pay and no siluer These are two fertile islands hauing this benefit moreouer that they doe not breed any hurtfull beast although the warre which they had with the conies be no fable but they were brought from other places and of one bucke conie and a doe they did multiplie in such great numbers as with the working of their holes and burroes vnder ground they vnrooted trees and vndermined the foundations of houses so as the inhabitants sent embassadors to Rome to demaund helpe and succour of the Senat against these beasts a certaine argument of their simplicitie but afterwards they learned to take them The greatest of these islands is about fifteene leagues long and verie narrow The lesser yeelds nothing to the other in bountie and fruitfulnesse Cabrera and Dragonora Pityuses About them are the little islands of Cabrera and Dragonera Neerer vnto the maine land and more Westerly are the two Pityuses whereof the greater was called Ebusus which hath about twentie miles circuit of hard accesse hauing a port vpon the South side It is now called Yuica the which they say hath no serpents and if they
a ship in the strait by them of Carthage in the which were found his letters and aduertisements to Denis written in Greeke whereupon he was taken and punished and it was decreed at Carthage That no Carthaginian should learne the Greeke tongue but Denis his armie at sea was defeated whereby the Carthaginians affaires prospered in Sicile Denis being dead Truce with the Sicilians and his sonne of the same name succeeding him vnder the gouernment of Dion his kinsman the warre ended by a long truce betwixt the Carthaginians Sicilians and Hanno returned with great treasure which he had gottē of those spoiles He was presently sent to Calis and Bostar to Majorca and to that part of Spaine which is opposit Hanno tyrannizing ouer the people in his gouernment prouoked them to rebell so as to subdue punish them he called the Moores into Spaine who afflicted them cruelly The complaints being come vnto Carthage Hanno was called home and discharged of his gouernment who in disdain thereof attempted to poyson the whole Senat in a banket which he prepared for his daughters marriage Hannos trecheri◠against the Senat of Carthage This trecherie being discouered and dissembled they presently made Sumptuarie law limitting the number of persons and the sorts of meats at such feasts But hauing escaped punishment yet fearing it he sought notwithstanding to trie his force with a multitude of slaues which he his kinsmen and friends had wherewith the people being incensed they besieged him tooke him in his house and then deliuered him to the Iudges by whose decree his eies were put out his lims broken his body torne with whips and then hung vpon a crosse his children and all his kinsfolkes were also put to death that they should haue no desire of reuenge A cruell example but excusable in the Africans for the foulenesse of the offence and the interest of their countrey The Carthaginians continue in the conquest of Spaine The Carthaginians affecting much the conquest of Spaine pursued it without any disturbance sending good Gouernors and wise captains wherein they prospered daily in such sort as they might terme themselues masters therof and so did enjoy it for aboue 350 yeares all the people of Spaine being their subjects or allies vntill that the Romanes began to make some practises The Romanes seeke to get footing in Spaine by emulation seeking to draw the people vnto them and to be assured of them when any occasion should be offered So either of these Commonweales made way for their great designes yet not entring into any ouert action but the Island of Sicile assayled by the Carthaginians and especially the towne of Messina did so engage them as it could not be appeased but with the ruine of the one party Messina the cause of the first Punicke warres For the space of 115 yeares there was either open war preparations for war or a counterfeit peace betwixt the Romans and the Carthaginians They entred into this hostilitie 489 yeres after the foundation of Rome and about 262 yeres before Christ. This first warre was decided in Sicile and in the Mediterranean sea during 24 yeares in which time the people of Spaine did adhere sometimes to one partie sometimes to another as their affaires succeeded the Carthaginians being in the end forced to demaund a peace of the Romans Spain nourisheth the hatred betwixt the Romans and Carthaginians the rest of their hatred and splene continued yet in Spaine for a time for those which had rebelled against the Carthaginians sought to maintaine their liberties by the fauour of the Romanes who encouraged and assisted them vnder hand yet Amilcar surnamed Barca father to Hannibal being appointed Gouernor and Lieutenant generall for the Carthaginians in Spaine subjected vnder their obedience almost all the nations and townes which had beene distracted and did shake the allies of the contrarie faction He was an irreconciliable enemie to the Romanes Priuat passion in Amilcar was the ruine of his countrey and would that his sonne Hannibal should succeed him in the like affection and as we say should sucke it from his mothers breasts binding him thereunto in his youth by othes and religious ceremonies For as he prepared to passe into Spaine with the armie offering the accustomed sacrifices vnto their gods to haue a prosperous voiage he caused his sonne Hannibal being then scarce nine yeares old to approach vnto the altar and hauing commaunded him to lay his hand vpon the sacrifice he made him sweare That as soone as he should be able to beare armes he should employ them to annoy the Romans and declare himselfe their enemie Amicar slaine by the Spaniards Whilest that Amilcar relies too much on his good fortune and pursues the rebels in Spaine inconsideratly he was slaine hauing done great exploits in nine yeares space They attribute the restoring and enlarging of Barcelone vnto him and according vnto some the naming of it Asdrubal his sonne in law succeeded him a wise and a valiant man vnder whom Hannibal learned his first precepts of warre And as the troubles did not onely continue but also encrease in Spaine new rebellions growing daily The Carthaginians tyrannie aduanced the Romans credit in Spaine by reason of the Carthaginians crueltie and tyrannie the Romanes were sollicited by many to take them into their protection whereunto they did willingly giue eare Wherupon these two Commonweales were vpon tearmes to enter into a more cruell warre than euer to auoid the which it was aduised by the Senate of Rome to send Quintus Luctatius into Spaine to treat with the Carthaginians and to settle some good course for the affaires of that countrey So as betwixt Luctatius for the Romans and Asdrubal for the Carthaginians there was a peace renewed and confirmed betwixt those two Estates A new accord betwixt the Romanes and Carthaginians and the friends and allies of either part in Spaine appointing the riuer of Ebro for a limit and barre betwixt them beyond the which they might not lead any armie And for that the towne of Saguntum being then rich and populous held them long in debate either desiring to haue it on his faction in the end not able to agree it was concluded That it should remaine neuter vse her owne lawes and be maintained in her libertie and that neither partie should attempt any thing to the preiudice thereof The Estate of Spaine being thus ordered the peace which was not well assured betwixt the Romanes and Carthaginians continued three and twentie yeres or thereabouts accounting from the day that it was concluded in Sicile Asdrubal gouerned Spaine beyond Ebro eight yeares and aduaunced the affaires of his Commonweale more by mildnesse than by armes whom they make the founder of new Carthage but returning to a rigorous course his crueltie incited a Gaule The great resolution of a seruant louing his master who serued him to murther him reuenging the death of a
without any noise being assured they had dispatched him they retired to the Consul Cepio Viriatus treacherously murthered to the dishonour of the Romans and of the Consul Cepio Traitors deceiued by him that suborned them who gaue them leaue to enjoy the possessions which they then held but as for gifts and recompences which he had promised he sent them to the Senat. At the breake of day Viriatus seruants and the whole armie wondering that he slept so long contrarie to his custome some going in found him wallowing in his owne bloud which filled the whole campe with griefe teares who besides their heauinesse for the vnworthy death of so valiant a man they were in care of their own preseruations and for the dangers which did inuiron them Besides they were the more discontented that the traitors were escaped Wherefore taking his bodie and wrapping it in a rich cloth they laid it vpon a high pile and hauing sacrificed many beasts they did celebrate his funerals after their manner the souldiors both horse and foot running about the fire and filling the aire with the name of Viriatus vntill the fire had consumed all after which in memorie of his name they had sword plaiers which did fight for their liues Thus Viriatus ended his dayes being desired and lamented of all his souldiors Viriatus lamented of his souldiours for his valour and bountiâ— for that in war he was the first in danger but when it came to diuide the spoyles he was but equall it may be inferiour to all the rest and he had that happinesse aboue most captaines that hauing an armie of diuers nations he led them to the wars for the space of eight yeares without any mutinie or sedition among his souldiors who in Viriatus place chose Tantalus for their captaine verie contrarie to him in manners and vertue This fact did purchase no lesse infamie to Cepio than to the traitours which did execute it Tantalus was so prest by him as he left both armes and armie vpon composition to whom there were certaine lands appointed so as for a time the Lusitanians contained themselues in peace THE FOVRTH BOOKE OF the Historie of Spaine The Contents 1 WArre ill managed by Q. Pompeius against the Numantines 2 The exploits of M. Pompilius Lenas his successour 3 The deeds of D. Brutus in Lusitania and Galatia 4 The miseries of Mancinus and his companion M. Aemilius Lepidus in the Numantine warre 5 The gouernment of P. Furius Philus by whom Mancinus was deliuered vnto the Numantines 6 The Numantine warre ended by P. Scipio Emilianus 7 The expedition of Q. Caecilius Metellus and his victories in the islands of the Baleares 8 The gouernment of C. Marius and other Pretors in Spaine vnto L. Corn. Dolabella 9 The acts of the Consull T. Didius 10 Fuluius Flaccus 11 Retrait of M. Crassus flying the Romane sedition in Spaine 12 Sertorius warre in Spaine begun by Q. Caecilius Metellus and ended by Pompey 13 Death of Cn. Piso in Spaine 14 Gouernments of Calid Tubero and C. Iul. Caesar. 15 Pompey perpetuall Proconsul in Spaine 16 Caesar disarmes Afranius and Petreius in Spaine 17 Caesar constraines M. Varro to yeeld vnto him 18 Warre betwixt Caesar and Pompeyes children 19 Lepidus triumphes for Spaine hauing done no exploit of warre there 20 The deeds of Augustus in Spaine and the absolute conquest thereof 21 Spaine vnder Tiberius 22 Christian religion preached in Spaine 23 Saint Iames sonne to Zebedee 24 Seneca and other learned Spaniards put to death by Nero. 25 Galba Otho Vitellius Vespasian Titus Domitian and the persecutions of the Church of God vnder them 26 Cocceius Nerua Traian and his edict to ruine the forts of Spaine 27 The peopling of Spaine by Iewes vnder Adrian 28 Spaine vnder the Antonines 29 The Empire of Seuerus Caracalla and others vnto Claudius 30 The enterprises of Tetricus vpon Spaine and the Gaules 31 Spaine vnder Aurelian Tacitus and others vnto Dioclesian 32 Cruelties of Dioclesian against the Church of God and of his companions in the Empire and their ends 33 Constantine the Great his children with Iulian and Iouinian Emperors 34 Valentinian and Valence vnder whom the Gothes inuaded the Roman Empire in the East 35 Theodosius Arcadius and Honorius his children vnder whom the Gothes assailed Italie and the prouinces of the Westerne Empire 1 QVintus Pompeius Aulus Consull in the yeare 612 comming very late in his Prouince and hauing receiued an armie but in bad equipage from the hands of Q. Metellus he went to beseech the Numantines for of all the townes against whom Metellus had made warre only Numantia and Thermancia continued in armes Thermancia was strong by nature situated among the woods and betwixt two riuers and therefore of hard accesse Numantia attempted in vain by Qu. Pompeius wherefore hee went first to Numantia in the which there were eight thousand of the best and most resolute souldiours that were in all Spaine as the Romanes found by experience The Romane armie was in all about thirtie thousand foot and two thousand horse Being at this siege the Romane forragers were charged by a suddaine sally of the besieged so as many of them were slaine vpon the place Pompey was then absent who being aduertised of this rout hasted to the campe but the Numantines notwithstanding his diligence retired without losse and continued daily to skirmish with the souldiours and to haue the aduantage wherewith Pompey being discontented he left it and would attempt Thermancia to see if he could repaire his honour and get some profit but he lost seuen hundred of his best men at the first encounter and they chased a Colonel which conducted victuals to the campe Soone after hee had a third rout with the losse of many horse and foot and with such an amazement of all the rest of the armie as they stood all night in armes and day being come the Thermantines running vnto their trenches and prouoking the enemie they fought with equall aduantage all day long vntill night Whereupon Pompey did also dislodge from thence Qu. Pompeius retyres from Thermancia and marched towards Malia a little towne held by a garrison of the Numantines the which was yeelded by the treason of the inhabitants hauing slaine the souldiors which were set there to gard it where hauing left some companies after that he had disarmed the inhabitants he marched towards Sedetane to defend it from the spoyles of Tangin captaine of the theeues whom he defeated and tooke prisoner with a great number of his souldiors but he could neither draw ranson nor seruice from them for these Barbarian captiues entred into such a rage The Barbariaâ— impatient of seruitude kil themselues as in a manner they all slew themselues or murthered their masters which had bought them being vnable to endure seruitude yea some were so malicious as passing the riuers they made holes in boats so as they sunke with their burthens After all this Pompey
vnto his crowne and did wholly suppresse the name of the Silinges Vandales in Betica Hee made a certaine composition with the Romanes to whom he yeelded the countrey of Toledo in Carpetania and new Carthage called now Carthagena Theodoric hauing also made a peace with the Romanes in Gaule made a designe vpon Spaine yet being called backe to joyne with the Romanes against the Hunnes who were entred in infinit numbers into Gaule vnder Attila Defeat of Attila Anno 453. hee was in that memorable battaile whereas Attila was defeated in the which there died aboue an hundred and eightie thousand men vpon the field and among others Theodoric king of the Gothes hauing reigned foureteene yeares according vnto some The cause of this warre which Attila vndertooke was his bad disposition to ruine the whole world whereunto he was incited by Genseric king of the Vandales who was trecherous cruell and inhumane hauing a desire to ruine the Visigothes in Gaule and Spaine both for that he had beene chased and pursued by them as also fearing that Theodoric their king would seeke to reuenge the injurie done vnto his daughter who being married vnto Humeric the sonne of Genseric had beene sent backe by him vnto her father disfigured without a nose vpon a suspition which Genseric had that she would haue poysoned him In this battaile there were fiue kings Atila king of the Hunnes Generall of the warre Valamir of the Ostrogothes who were tributaries to Atila Theodoric of the Visigothes in Gaule and Spaine Fiue kings in the battel◠whereas Atila was defeated Ardaric of the Gepides and Meroue of the French This was in the yere 453 and was fought in the fields of Maroche a word corrupted of Maurice otherwise called Cathalaunians a battaile as remarkable as hath bin since the deluge in regard of the great number of men that were in arms and the strange designes of Atila a common enemie of all mankind Besides those that died in the battell there was an encounter the night before betwixt the Gepides and the French in the which there were aboue 90000 men slaine Rechilan died a little before in Merida Recciaire third K. of the Sueues in Gallicia being an idolatrer and after him his sonne Recciaire reigned ouer the Sueues in Gallicia who was baptized and had receiued the Christian religion Hee had also married a daughter of Theodorics king of Gothes whereby he grew proud aspiring to great matters He inuaded the Vascons country which is now Nauarre and spoiled it From thence he went to see his father in law and in his returne with the helpe of the Gothes he sackt Sarragosse and all the country which we now call Arragon the which obeyed the Empire He spoyled that of Carthagene the which his father by a treatie made with the Romanes had yeelded vnto them This past before the defeat of the Hunnes 3. Torismund 10 AFter that Theodoric had beene slaine in that great battaile An. 453. the which was woon by the fauor of God and to the great good of all the countries of Europe against that cruell tyrant Attila his sonne Torismund succeeded him ouer the Visigothes whose seat was at Tolouse He had many brethren Theodoric Frederic Turic Rothemer and Huneric Aetius lieutenant Generall for the Emperour Valentinian made him jealous of them least they should seize vpon the realme in his absence aduising him to goe speedily to Tolouse and to cause himselfe to be crowned This Aetius did for that he distrusted the Gothes whom he loued not neere him yea he was grieued to see this yong prince full of courage after this victory lately gotten against the Hunnes hauing a desire to pursue the remainder of this defeated army and to root them out quite the which Aetius held not profitable for the Romans for knowing the nature of the Goths to be proud and actiue he feared that being puffed vp with many victories they should enter into the territories of the Romanes wherefore he suffered the remainders of the defeated armie of the Hunnes to slip away which gaue his enemies subject to disgrace him with the Emperour Valentinian who afterwards put him to death whereby as some said he cut off the right arme of his estate for he was a wise and valiant captaine yet some say That betwixt Torismund and Atila there were some happie encounters for the Gothes Torismund hauing reigned three yeares was slaine by his enemies as he was let bloud being sicke They write That one stole away his armes which he kept by his bed yet hauing a penknife in his hand Torismund slain by his brethrens procurement he slew some of the murtherers which came to assault him It is doubtfull whether they were his brethren or others by their procurement Some say That the murtherers name was Ascalerne and that he reigned but a yeare 4. Theodoric the second of that name 11 THeodoric the 2. succeeded his brother Torismund A damnable desire of reuenge in a woman about the time that Valentinian the 3 was slain by the friends of Aetius The Empire of Rome was thē held by one Maximus who maried Eudoxia by force being widow to Valentinian that was slaine thinking by this conjunction to be more respected in the imperial dignitie which he vsurped but this woman mad for the wrong she thought was done vnto her sought to be reuēged of Maximus to the prejudice of her selfe of Rome Italy of the whole Empire for by the means of Boniface she caused Genseric to come out of Africke who with an army of Vandales Africanes Moores others entred Rome and slew Maximus sacked and burnt the towne spoyled all Italie and led away Eudoxia and her daughters with many thousands others prisoners into Africke yet afterwards he set Eudoxia and her daughters free except one whom he kept to marrie to his sonne This was done by a treatie made with the Emperour Martian who reigned in the East at Constantinople who also suffered Theodoric in recompence of the succours which the Visigothes had giuen the Romanes against Attila to reigne in Spaine and to get what hee could from the Sueues Theodoric then entred into Spaine in the yeare 458 Ann. 458. against whom Recchiaire king of the Sueues opposed himselfe reigning in Lusitania and Gallicia there was a battaile fought neere vnto the riuer of Vrbic twelue miles from Asturica betwixt Asturica and Leon in the which the chiefe of the nobilitie of the Sueues were slaine and Recchiaire was constrained to saue himselfe by flight Defeat of the Sueues and the death of Recchiaire meaning to passe into Africke to Genseric king of the Vandales hee was put backe by a tempest to Porto and there taken and deliuered to Theodoric who caused him to be slaine although he were his brother in law Gallicia being come into Theodorics power by this victorie he left one of his captaines called Acliulf of Auuergne Gouernour in his name whilest that he pursued his
requited him with reliques with a linke of the chaine wherewith Saint Peter had beene bound by the necke Reliques when he suffered martyredome of the wood of the verie crosse of Saint Iohn Baptists haire and such other singularities with an Archbishops cloke for Leandre bishop of Seuille These were the exercises of pietie which were then too much vsed among Christians At that time there was another Councell held at Seuille of eight bishops Councell at Seuille whereas Leandre their pastor did preside In Spaine there did flourish in those times Learned and religious bishops besides the aboue-named bishops Iohn abbot of Vaâ—claire who was afterwards bishop of Girone a Goth by race but borne at Scalabis in Lusitania who hath written a Chronicle vnto the yeare fiue hundred and ninetie Fulgentius bishop of Astigi then of Carthage brother to Leandre a man well seene in the Greeke Latine Arabike and Syriack tongues and hath written many bookes Seuerus bishop of Carthage Licinian of Malaca and others Florentine the sister of Leandre was Prioresse of fortie Nunnes in the towne of Astigi Queene Badda who was daughter to king Arthure of great Britaine dyed after which Ricared maried Clotosinde sister to king Childebert of Mets by meanes of which mariage a peace was concluded betwixt the Gothes and the French Pope Gregorie would not haue the name of Primat yet in the meane time he did exercise a jurisdiction in Spaine for Ianuarius being deposed from his bishopricke of Malaca by the practises of some of his enemies he sent one called Iohn to take knowledge of the cause who with Apostolike authoritie restored him to his bishopricke and punished his aduersaries Ricared hauing held the kingdome of the Gothes in Spaine and in Gaule fifteene yeares The death of Ricared and his vertues dyed at Toledo much lamented of all men for he had raigned verie mildly so as they called him Father of the people He reduced the Gothike lawes into order enlarged his dominions hauing beene alwayes in armes against the Romanes and their partisans which remained in Spaine he was verie deuout and bountifull to the Clergie so as hee was commended for a verie religious prince especially for that he had giuen vnto the church of S. Felix at Gironne the crowne of gold which he ware vpon his head but that which is of more esteeme he purged Spaine of all heresies 16. Luiba 2 and Victerix 17. 27 TO Ricared succeeded his son Luiba Anno 601. or Liuua Maurice raigning then at Constantinople Some Spaniards say That he was a bastard others denie it and giue him two brethren Suinthila and Geila Victeric seized vpon the Gothes kingdome and taking this yong prince who was but sixteene yeares old he cut off his right hand and in the end slew him the second yeare of his raigne Then dyed Leandre Crueltie of Victeric to yong Luiba to whom succeeded Isidore his brother at Seuille 28 Victeric was an vnfortunate king for in many encounters which he had with the Romanes and those that held their partie in Spaine he was still beaten Moreouer hee striued to aduance the Arrian heresie againe and in these miserable designes raigned seuen years He maried his daughter Hermenberge to Theodoric king of Mets who could neuer know her wherefore he sent her back to her father a virgine vncorrupted and they say that Brunichilde Theodorics grandmother had bewitched him and made him vnable to vse his wife whom she hated Theodoric being otherwise verie licentious and had made good proofe with other women We read A discourse of Mahumet not very credible that during the raigne of Victeric in the yeare six hundred and fiue Mahumet came into Spaine to preach his doctrine at Cordoua and that being discouered as they went to seize on him he fled away so secretly as no man knew what became of him But we know that Mahumet proceeded to the publication of his doctrine after a more violent meanes hauing by money and persuasions corrupted the Arabian theeues whose armes he imployed to propagate his errours among other nations vnder the empire of Heraclius yet it is not impossible that Mahumet being then about fiue and twentie yeares old seruing a rich marchant of Arabia whose widow he after maried should come into Spaine for his masters affaires and to haue giuen some knowledge of the poyson which lay in his breast King Victeric whom others call Deteric and some Bertric as he had put the innocent prince Liuba miserably to death The miserable end of the tyrant Victerie was by a just reuenge miserably slaine by his owne people as he sat at the table a base king who did nothing aduance the kingdome of the Gothes but in taking the towne of Siguensa from the Romans 18. Gundamir 29 THe Gothes after the death of Victeric Anno 610. created Gundamir king who came to the crowne about the sixt yeare of the empire of Phocas in the yeare 610 his wife was called Hilduare This king at his comming made the churches sanctuaries Liberties of Churches forbidding to take or force any criminall person that had fled thither the which was done at the pursute of a Councell then held at Toledo of foureteene bishops and other Clergie men Aurasius being bishop there in the which the Archbishop of Toledo was declared Primat of Spaine All writers make not mention of this Councell but onely as the Spaniards say there are memorials found thereof at Toledo and it is written That the rights of this Metropolitane were debated there where he had his Suffraganes assigned him in all the prouince of Carpetania which did comprehend Carthagene so as in this regard the Metropolitane of Toledo had then a greater jurisdiction than at this day Isidore of Seuille Innocent of Merida Eusebius of Tarracone and Beniamin of Dumes among others assisted at this Councell Hee had warre against the Vascons or Nauarrois and against the Romanes or their partisans with happie successe He raigned two yeares and dyed at Toledo of his naturall death 19. Sisebuth 30 SIsebuth succeeded Gundamir Anno 612. a wise and valiant prince learned and eloquent as the Spaniards say He chased away the Iewes which would not bee baptized wherewith France was soone filled but they were againe forced to flie Dagobert the French king hauing made an edict by the which they were injoyned to conforme themselues to the Christian religion vpon paine of death Sisebuth imployed his time to conquer the townes castles forts stâ—aits and passages of the mountaines which were yet held by the Romane garrisons and did in a manner make himselfe master of all Spaine Caesarius commaunding there for the Romanes The zeale of religion was great in many at that time in Spaine but most of them wanted the true knowledge The Church of Toledo was gouerned by Heladius who of a Courtier became a Monke and from thence had beene taken and aduanced in his age to the Archiepiscopall dignitie
Prouence and Bourgongne whereof Charles sonne to the Emperour Lothaire and nephew to Lewis the Gentle was king by whose grant this earle of Cerdagne did for his life-time inioy that title and dignitie whilest that the son of D. Geoffrey who carried the fathers name and was afterwards surnamed the Hairie was bred vp in Flanders in a knights house to whom king Charles had recommended him About the yeare 864 kings Charles died and Prouence came to the hands of the Emperour Lewis the second his brother who also died in the yeare 876 and the empire fell to Charles the Bauld his vncle king of France and by consequence Prouence and Cattelogne which depended thereon during whose empire D. Geoffrey the Hairie being now great came to Barcelone whereas the countesse Almira his mother yet liued by whom he was knowne and made knowne to the chiefe men of Barcelone who had been friends to his deceased father who made no delay to conspire with D. Geoffrey for the killing of the earle D. Salamon the which they did presently effect in the place of Bercas in the yere 877 and by that meanes D. Geoffrey the Hairie was restored to his fathers dignitie Wâ— hilest he was bred vp in the house of this FleÌ„mish knight D. Geoffrey the hairie first earle in proprietie of Barcelone they say he fell in loue with one of his daughters with whom he contracted a secret mariage the which notwithstanding came to the knowledge of the mother who could well conceale it vntill a fit opportunitie Finding himselfe setled in his estate and dignitie at Barcelone he sent for his wife and confest the mariage vnto his father in law who was nothing displeased therwith by whose meanes he obtained pardon for the murther which he had committed on the person of Cont Salamon of the king of France and Emperour Lewis the Stuttering successor to Charles the Bauld his father by whom the Flemmish knight was much fauoured And the Spanish histories report That the Emperour Lewis receiued good seruice from Geoffrey the Hairie in the warres he had against the Normans whither he led a goodly troupe of horse out of Barcelone and shewed great proofes of his valour and conduct so as he was greatly esteemed and beloued And as in a certaine defeat of the Normans he had beene wounded in diuers parts of his bodie so as his Armes were all couered with bloud shewing himselfe in this estate before the Emperour Lewis he besought him to giue him Armes which he and his posteritie might lawfully carrie The Emperour being glad of his demaund stretching forth his foure fingers he dipt them in the bloud which ran from the earls wounds and made foure markes vpon a golden shield which he carried being plaine without any deuice and said vnto him Earle hereafter these shall be your Armes For the which he most humbly thanked the Emperour The Armes of Barcelone and Arragon so as euer since they haue carried foure bloudie strokes which we call Guenles in a field Or. This is the beginning of the Armes of the earles of Barcelone and since kings of Arragon although that their beginning was from Cattelogne He did likewise serue king Charles the Grosse who was Emperour after Lewis the third in his warre against the Normans but in his absence the Moores entred the territorie of Barcelone and committed great spoyles Whereof Cont Geoffrey being aduertised he demaunded leaue and besought the king to grant him men and money to repulse the Infidels out of his gouernement but not able to obtaine it by reason of the weaknesse of his affaires he had a better condition For in consideration of his valour and good seruice king Charles gaue the countie of Barcelone in proprietie to him and to his heires for euer in the yeare 884 Cattelogne giue in proprietie to Geoffrey the Hairâ—e vnder thy soueraigntie of France reseruing onely the soueraigntie to the kings of France the which continued vnto the time of Lewis the ninth We will therefore place this earle for the first of them of Barcelone for that he was a Proprietarie Returning to Barcelone with this grant he brought with him many strange knights with whose helpe he recouered all that which the Moores had vsurped vpon the territories of Barcelone and Cattelogne He is commended for his religion for that he did build to burie himselfe and his successors in the monasterie of our Ladie of Ripol where his eldest sonne Rodolphus made himselfe a Monke who they say was borne in Flanders before the mariage was published and was Abbot of Ripol and afterwards Bishop of Vrgell Others say That this monasterie was founded by D. Geoffrey of Arria his father He had other children by this Flemmish ladie which were D. Geoffrey who died of poison being but young D. Mir who succeeded him in the eastedome D. Suner or Seniofrid who was earle of Vrgel and one daughter He was founder of the monasterie of Monferrat and did many such like workes D. Ordogno second of that name and 14 King of Ouiedo and Leon. 45 TO D. Garcia his brother D. Ordogno had succeeded in the realme of Ouiedo Ouiedo in the yeare 889. The bountie of this prince made the Spaniards thinke that his father D. Alphonso was risen againe he did so well imitate his vertues in all the course of his life His religion after the manner of those times is commended for that hee caused Mondognedo to be made a Bishopricke and did much good to churches He was maried first to D. Munta whom others call D. Eluira by whom hee had foure sonnes D. Sancho D. Alplionso D. Ramir D. Garcia and one daughter D. Ximena whereof D. Alphonso and D. Ramir were kings of Ouiedo For his second wife hee maried D. Arragonde or it may be Radegonde of Gallicia whom he did repudiat for certaine causes Lastly he tooke to wife the Infanta of Nauarre and Arragon D. Sancha or Sanctiua daughter to king D. Garcia Inigo and of D. Vrraca The first exploits of Armes he did were in Galicia when as he was but a pettie king or gouernour ouerrunning the Moores countrey confining vpon him euen vnto Andalousia and carried backe great spoyles with the which he retired safely to Viseo which is at this time in Portugal At the same time Abderramen Moores Abderramen Almansor 8 king of the Moores at Cordoua the third of that name came to bee king of the Moores hee was surnamed Almansor and Ananzer Ledin Alla which signifies Defender of the Law of God Some are of opinion that he was the sonne of Mahumet the sonne of Abdalla to whom hee succeeded against whom D. Ordogno raised an armie and entring the territories of Toledo came and besieged Talauera which is now called de la Roine Hee defeated the succours of Moores which Abderramen sent tooke the Generall of this armie and forced the place and sacked it Wherewith Abderramen being much moued meaning to reuenge it with
the ancient preuiledges granted by the Kings of Nauar vnto Saint Sebastian and Fontarabie townes of Guipuscoa were confirmed and augmented by the Kings of Castille and their iurisdictions lymited especially of Fontaraby by the riuers of Oriaçun and Vidaso which diuides that Prouince from FrAnce and by the mountaine Pegnadaya by Leçaca by Belfa and the sea and by Hirun vrançu which is at this present a great Bourg at which time Queene Elenor was deliuered to her last son who was called D. Henry by reason of his grand-father by the mothers side To these contents was added a truce betwixt this King Alphonso the Noble Nauarre and D. Sancho the strong King of Nauarre for the concluding whereof D. Sancho came in person vpon assurance to Guadalajara in Castille there it was agreed there should be a cessation of armes betwixt the two Kingdomes for fiue yeeres with restitution of some of those places which the King of Castille had taken in Nauarre and for the keeping of the truce there were deliuered into the hands of certaine knights named by both parties the castles of Abuseio Clauijo and Iuvera for Castille and Irureta Inzula and Saint Adrian for the King of Nauarre and for that the warre betwixt Nauarre and Arragon continued stil the King of Castille tooke vpon him to reconcile them and in the meane time caused al acts of hostility to cease These foure Princes being at peace Leon. he of Leon mooued new troubles against D. Vrraca Lopes his mother in law with whom hee could neuer agree seeking to frustrate her of her doury And she for her part did neuer cease practising against D. Alphonso seeking to depose him from the royal throne of Leon and to aduance the Infant D. Sancho her sonne for the which she did continually importune her brother D. Diego Lopes de Haro Lord of Biscay VVarre betwixt the King of Leon and his mother in law intreating him to imbrace this businesse the which he had deferred vntil that time when as hee went to field to aide the Queene his sister but he was not the strongest for D. Alphonso King of Leon being assisted by the King of Castille his father in law chased him into Nauarre from whence hee made roades into the territories of Castille which made the two vnited Kings to goe and seeke him in his owne strength where they defeated him in battaile neere vnto Estella where hee was forced to saue himselfe which towne was inuested and as it were besieged by the armies of Castille and Leon yet they could not take it Vpon this occasion the foure Kings of Castille Leon Nauarre and Arragon met together in Alfaro whether also came D. Sancha Douager of Arragon mother to the King D. Pedro by the which the reconciliations and accords of these Princes were confirmed D. Lopes being destitute of all meanes hee retired in despight vnto the Moores pay at Valencia and from thence to Maroc where hee was accused to the councell of the Miralmumin that hee had mounted D Pedro King of Arragon on horse-backe being ouerthrowne in an incounter which he had against the Moores of Valencia vnder whose pay D. Diego made warre yet hee was absolued The pittifull death of the Infant D. Fernand Nauarre brother to D. Sancho King of Nauarre a Prince well beloued of the Nauarrois An. 1207. ought to bee registred amongst the calamities which fell vpon that realme in those daies The feast of Saint Nicholas being celebrated with superfluous bankers and sports in the yeere 1207. in the towne of Tudele according to the custome of Christians Death of D. Fernand of Nauarre as this generous Prince did runne on horse-backe armed doing some exercises which hee had inuented a hog passing through his horse legges made him to fall in such manner as he brused his head against a piller of stoane whereof hee died thirteene daies after beeing thirty yeeres old Of this Prince whom the Authors commend for a braue and valiant Knight there is no mention made in the warre betwixt Castille and Nauarre wherefore it is to be presumed that the King his brother doubting least hee should attempt some thing to his preiudice during his absence had led him with him into Affrike although hee loued him deerely Thus are the affaires of this world mingled with pleasure and griefe loue and iealousie Of the marriage which had beene made the yeere before Portugal betwixt D. Alphonso Infant of Portugal son to the King D. Sancho then raigning and D. Vrraca daughter to D. Alphonso King of Castille was this yeere 1207. a son borne called D. Sancho as his grandfather by the fathers side in whose life time this Lady was deliuered of an other sonne who was named D. Alphonso the which were Kings of Portugal successiuely Aben Ioseph Miralmumin of the Arabians Almohades Moores being dead in Affrike whilest these things past in Spaine there succeeded in his place his sonne called Aben Mahomad surnamed the Greene the fourth King of that Fect ouer the Moores of Affrike and Spaine this surname was giuen him for that hee carried a Miter or some such Ornament on his head of a greene collour In his raigne the truce expired made betwixt the King of Castille and his predecessor Aben Ioseph when as they fell more cruelly to armes them ouer 33 Betwixt both Castille D. Martin Archbishop of Toledo died to whom succeed Roderigo Ximenes borne in Nauarre the Author of the History of Spaine which wee read at this day A prelate of great authority and much commended by the Spaniards about the time of his death the riuer of Tayo did rise so high as it was fiue foote aboue the port of Almofala in that city This was about the end of December and the yeere before there was so great an Ecclipse of the Sunne as the day was darkned for the space of sixe houres At that time King D. Alphonso did two remarkable workes in the city of Burgos in Castille which were the Monastery of Saint Mary the royal of that citty called de las Huelgas for the daughters of noble houses according to the Order of the Cisteaux and ioyning to this Monastery hee caused the Hospital royal to bee built indowing both the one and the other with great reuenues for the third which is no lesse to be esteemed hee erected an vniuersity in the towne of Palencia which was the first in Castille since the comming of the Moores and drew many learned men in al faculties thether 〈◊〉 of 〈◊〉 from France England and other places assigning large pensions to the professors and as he was a warlike Prince and could not liue long in quiet the quarrels reuiuing betwixt the French and English about the yeere 1209. hee made a voyage into Guienne An. 1209. for that hee had an interest therein yet hee returned without doing any thing memorable Returning by the Prouince of Guipuscoa hee gaue preuiledges to the towne
any one for want of money could not redeeme a Christian slaue out of the hands of an Infidel and did see him by ill vsage in despaire or otherwise in danger to renounce the Christian faith they were bound to put themselues in the slaues place and to serue for him vntill they had paied his Maister the price agreed vpon which was a rare charity The first brother of this Order was Peter Nolasco of Barcelona or Francis according vnto some who receiued the habit in the chiefe church of that towne with great solemnity in the yeere 1218. by the hands of friar Raymond the maister thereof the King D. Iames being present This habit was white as they carry it at this day with the armes of Arragon and Cattelogâ—e which are a crosse argent and foure bends gueules in a field Or. The Order was since confirmed in the yeere 1230. at the request of the King D. Iame and pursute of the master D. Raymond of Rochfort by Pope Gregory the ninth he who confirmed the Order of the friars Mineurs instituted after that of the preaching friers by the Seraphicall father Saint Francis vnder the Order of Saint Augustin 〈…〉 but somewhat changed the Author of this Order was wonderfully persecuted by the enemy of mankinde enuious say the Spanish Authors of the great good which should come vnto the Catholike church of Rome by the erudition and piety of the religious of that Order This father of Franciscan friars came into Spaine during the raigne of D. Fernand King of Castille of whom wee write who receiued him with great reuerence and did build many goodly conuents of that Order and by his example other Kings did the like 11 Fiue of the Brethren of this Order Portugal not yet allowed nor confirmed by the Pope the which notwithstanding florished in Portugal in the latter time of king D. Alphonso the grosse were desirous to passe to Maroc there to preach the faith of Christ but they prospered not for the King of the Arabians offended with the habit countenances and importunity of these friars slue them all with his owne hand by reason whereof they were put in the ranke of blessed Martires according to their Legend Of this cruel execution was an eye witnesse D. Pedro of Portugal brother to the King who caused their bodies to bee brought to Coimbra where they were buried in the Monastery of Saint Croix They say that these Monkes partting from Portugal had prophecied to the Queene D. Vrraca that shee should die in the yeere of our Lord 1220. as it happened In the time of the same King D. Alphonso florished that religious man whom they call Saint Anthony of Padoua who notwithstanding was borne at Lisbone and for his great knowledge according to the time was called the arke of the holy Scripture Hee being a Chanoine of Saint Croix at Coimbra had so great a feruency to serue God as he became a friar of the Order of Saint Francis changing his name which was Fernand into that of Anthony hee was a Doctor and a professor in diuinity and did read in the vniuersities of Tolousa Bolonia and Padoua where he died of whom Portugal and all Spaine glory much As for King D. Alphonso surnamed the grosse hee hath not ministred much matter to write of his actions for his raigne was short and himselfe in disposed of his person Hee died in the yeere of our Lord 1223. beeing but eight and thirty yeeres old whereof hee raigned eleuen His body lies in Alcouaça neere vnto that of the Queene his wife D. Sancho Capello the second of that name the fourth King of Portugal 12 D. Sancho his sonne Surname of Capello called Capello raigned after him He was sixteene yeeres old when he began to raigne was crowned in the city of Coimbra His surname of Capello came by reason of the habits which hee ware wide and long like a Clergy man It may bee hee ware some great cap or hat as the Portugals doe at this day who will haue all their apparel very wide and easie euen their buskins of Spanish leather which are ruffled downe to their heeles saying that it doth not become a gentleman to carry them straight and smooth This Prince was more courteous affable and a louer of peace then was fit for a commander that will keepe his subiects in awe Wherefore hee was contemned by his subiects and held for a couard and base minded so as they attempted many things insolently and audatiously against all right or reason without respect of Prince or Iustice the which was ill administred in his time his basenesse yeelding to the malice of his subiects Hee married with D. Mencia Lope de Haro daughter to the Earle D. Lope Diaz de Haro Marriage of the King D. Sancho Lord of Biscay the fourth of that name a Lady of great beauty and an excellent spirit but not much pleasing to the Portugals for the King tooke her beeing a widow against their likings and besides shee bare him no children wherefore they vsed great meanes in the court of Rome to dissolue this marriage Amongst all the Kings of Portugal as well those which went before as which followed hee onely was childlesse for hee neither had lawfull children nor bastards D. Mencia Lopes did gouerne him in such sort as no respect of the publike good of the Realme nor the exhortations intreaties nor admonitions made vnto him by the Noblemen and religious persons who were then much respected neither yet any other meanes whatsoeuer could mooue him to bee diuorced from her wherefore they spake it publikely that shee had bewitch'd him what happened you shall vnderstand hereafter Returning to the affaires of Castille the King D. Fernand hauing solemnized his aunts marriage after all the feasts and sports he found himselfe ingaged in new troubles procured by D. Fernand Ruiz Dias de los Cameros Fernand Ruiz Diaz de lâ—s Cameros a coâ—cusâ—ionar and a rebel who had newly crost himselfe to passe into Syria to the holy warre for the performing of which voiage it may bee his purse was not very well furnished wherefore hee beganne to taxe and spoile the Kings country which was vnder his command for these concussions hee was cited to appeere in court at Vailledolit where he did in some sort iustifie himselfe Afterwards being pricked in conscience for these outrages beeing also by nature in constant feareful and with all ill aduised hee absented himselfe wherefore the King seized vpon all his goods D. Fernand Ruiz seeing that they proceeded against him with all rigour fortefied himselfe in certaine castles from the which hee did much trouble the Kings affaires so as in the end hee was forced to compound with him and to giue him money By this accord D. Gonsalo Peres Lord of Molina and D Gonsâ—l Nugnes de Lara rebel in Castille hee yeelded vp the places which hee held and receiued foureteene thousand peeces of gold
After him Gençalo Peres Lord of Molina did rebel beeing mooued therevnto by D. Gonçalo Nugnes de Lara who beganne to ouerrunne and spoile those parts which lay neere his houses like an enemy not ceasing for any admonitions or threats made vnto him in the Kings name vntill that hee was forced to goe and besiege him in Molina notwithstanding by the means of D. Berenguela the Queene mother hee was restored to the Kings fauor and the souldiers were drawne from before Molina But D. Gonçalo Nugnes de Lara who for feare of punishment was retired into the Moores country demanding pardon also could not obtaine it wherefore hee liued the remainder of his daies which were but short at Baeça in Andalusia where hee died miserably as his brethren D. Aluaro and D. Fernand had done worthy in truth of great punishments for their rash and seditious enterprises beeing greater and more eminent then all the other Noblemen of the realme The King beeing freed from this care and the realme in some quiet D. Maurice Bishop of Burgos an English man borne beganne in the yeere of our Lord 1222. to set his hand to the building of the great church of that city An. 1222 according to the fashion wee see it at this day the which was finished in his time The Episcopal seat was before at Saint Laurence The Archbiship D. Roderigo caused them also this yeere to worke about the building of the chiefe Church of Talauera the which was indowed with foure dignities and twelue Chanoiâ—s and at the same time the Churches of Vailledolit and Osma were built by a Bishop of Osma who had beene Secretary to the King D. Fernand. The church of Padron the Bishops lodging and the bridge which is vpon Minio were also then built by the care and charge of D. Laurence Bishop of that place It was also about the beginning of this yeere 1222. that D. Ramir Infant of Nauarre Nauarre brother the King D. Sancho the retired was made Bishop of Pampelone of whose charity Authors write with admiration that hee gaue all he had vnto the poore and the more his riches did abound the more he gaue In all the time after the marriage of the King D. Iames Arragoâ—â— and D. Elenor of Castille vnto the yeere 1228. when as the warre of Majorca was attempted the realme of Arragon was troubled with continual seditions procured by the Infant D. Fernand the Kings vncle beeing exceeding ambitious who hauing entred into League with D. Nugno of Arragon his cousin sonne to D. Sancho Earle of Rosillon D. William of Moncada a little before enemies but now growne friends vpon this occasion Pedro d' Ahones and others tooke vpon him againe the Regency of the realme by force in the yeere 1223. and distributed amongst his fauourers and confederats the chiefe dignities of the realme holding the King and Queene in his power but a while after the King esçaped from Tortosa and retired to Hucâ—ra or Horta where hauing conferted with the Nobility hee raised an armie with the which hee entred the territories of the Moores of Valencia and Murcia beeing tired with ciuill tumults so as hee forced Azebut or Zeit King of Valencia to promise him tribut and in like manner him of Murcia which was the fiâ—th penny of their imposts In this warre many commaunders of the League intermedled contrarie to the Kings liking Amongst others D. Pedro d' Ahones discontented that the King had made a truce with the Moores sought to breake it and did often lead troupes of souldiars into the territory of Valencia spoyling all he found so as the King hauing often aduised and intreated him to conteine himselfe but in vaine hee commanded they should take him prisoner D. Pedro de Ahones 〈◊〉 but D. Pedro seeking to defend himselfe being pursued by the King and others was slaine by D. Sancho Martines de Luna with a lance the which did put all the townes of Arragon beeing already infected into open rebellion against the King who marched presently with his army into the countries of Sobrarbre and Ribagorça whereas the houses lands and subiects of D. Pedro were the which he wasted al he could The townes of Saragossa Huesca and all the rest except Calatajub followed the Infant D. Fernand and the Noblemen of his faction as defenders sayd they of the publike liberty the chiefe of the Saragossans was their Bishop D. Sancho d' Ahones brother to D. Pedro that was slaine On the other side the Kings army was led by D. Blasco Alagon and Artal de Luna who did much annoy them of Saragossa and others In the end the mildnesse patience and dissimulation of the King D. Iames surmounted al these alterations and mutinies who could so winne the Princes and Noblemen beeing much troubled to maintaine this warre as they all submitted themselues vnto him by whose example the townes were quiet yet the citties of Saragossa Huesca and Iacca made a league amonst themselues for the defence of their lands and iurisdictions against theeues and robbers and remainders of ciuil dissentions and erected a Magistrate holding a forme of Iustice like vnto that which they call Hermandades in Castille yet without any preiudice to the Kings royal preogatiue 13 In Castille whilest that the King D. Fernand was busie to suppresse his owne subiects and to dispose of the affaires of old Castille Moores the Inhabitants of Cuenca Huete Alarcon and Moja beeing gathered together made a roade into the territories of Valencia from whence they brought a great booty This was an aduice giuen by D. Berenguela the Queene mother and the prelates of Castille to the end they might breake the truce which was betwixt her sonne and the petty Kings of the Moores thinking it high time the King should goe to the warre and that it was the dutie of a Catholike Prince to pursue these infidels Fernand King of Castille eâ—â—ers Andalusia with what right soeuer Wherefore the King animated by this councel gathered his army together and marched into Andalusia where at his first entry Aben Mahomad King of Baeça made himselfe his vassal sending to meet the Christians army when it was at the passage of the mountaine called Puerto del Muradal Afterwards they came to Quesada whereas many Moores were slaine and many taken the townes of Lacra Teua and Palhes were abandoned by the Moores the castles of Esnader Escamel and Espulei were razed whereof the two last were yeelded by composition From thence D. Lope Dias de Haro was sent with D. Fernand Coci Maister of the Order of Saint Iames and D. Gonçal Tuannes maister of Calatraua to Biuoras whereas there were certaine bands of Arabians of Affrike whom they defeated bringing away many prisoners D. Roderigo Ximenes the Archbishop and Primat did accompany the King in this expedition who after these happy exploits returned to Toledo whereas the Queenes attended him In the meane time D. Iames King of Arragon Arragon being discontented
Granado and of the two forts of Malaga 23 D. Denis the first of that name the sixth king of Portugal 24 Ahominable league and other practises of the Infant D. Sancho of Castille to dispossesse his father 25 Enterprises of Castillans and Arragâ—nois against Nauarre 26 Homage forced by D. Pedro King of Arragon from his brother D. Iames for the Islands of Majorca and Minorca and other lands of his portion 27 Massacre of the French in Sicile called the Sicilian euensong D. Pedro king of Arragon vsurpes the Island from the house of Aniou and the warre which ensued 28 Conspiracy in Arragon called the vnion against the king D. Pedro for the defence of their preuiledges and the authority of the Magistrate called the Iustice Major of Arragon 29 Censures against the Infant D. Sancho of Castille and his rebellion against the Pope The fathers curse vpon him and his posterity not vaine the death of D. Alphonso thâ— wise Continuance of the royall houses of Spaine mentioned in this twelfth Booke CASTILLE 11. D. Alphonso 10. 30. LEON  NAVARRE 23. D. Thybaud 2. 24. D. Henry 1. 25. D. Ieanne and in respect of her Philip the faire PORTVGAL 5. D. Alphonso 3. 6. D. Denis 1. ARRAGON 9. D. Pedro. 3. D. Alphonso the eleuenth of that name the tenth King of Castille and thirty one of Leon. 1 THe Moores of Spaine were reduced to that extremity Castile as they did all obey the Kings of Castille and Arragon as their vassals euery one in their iurisdiction the yeere that Alphonso the eleuenth came vnto the crowne but they continued not long in this Estate for as liberty is the most pleasing of all things when as they found any subiect of alteration they imbraced it Yet in the beginning they kept themselues quiet seeking to confirme the alliances which they had made with the King D. Fernand deceased and for that King Mahomad of Granado shewed himselfe ready to doe this homage the King D. Alphonso who was alwaies bountifull abated him 50000. Marauidis of gold of his yeerely tribute beeing in the city of Seuile where hee was proclaimed and crowned King of Castille Leon c. The first Ordonance he made was to decry the money which was then currant called Pipions in place whereof he caused an other peece to be coyned which they named Burgaleses euery one being ninety deniers six deniers making a solz and fifteene solz a marauidis of gold so as the Burgalois and the marauidis in gold were all one in value This change of money made all things deere in Spaine wherevpon the King did much augment the Estates fees and ordinary pensions of his followers The first alteration which happened in the Moores countries was in Tareda but they were easily supprest for the petty King of that place called Amet was so amazed as hee quit the place vnto the Christians and fled into Affrike We haue sayd before that King D. Alphonso had married D. Violant daughter to D. Iaime or Iames King of Arragon by whom hauing no children in six yeeres they had liued together he intended to leaue her wherevpon hee sent into Denmarke to treat a marriage betwixt him and Christienne the Kings daughter attending the returne of his Ambassadors at Toledo where he was againe visited by King Mahomad of Granado The King of Arragon hauing some intelligence of this diuorce which D. Alphonso pretended to make was much discontented and in a maner ready to proclaime war against Castille if he had not bin diuerted by some noblemen and great personages of his realm notwithstanding their subiects vpon the frontiers did for a long time spoile one an other their was a league also made betwixt Arragon and Nauarre which did incense them more Thibaud the second of that name and three and twentith King of Nauarre 2 THis league was to defend the realme of the young Thybaud the second Nauarrel who had succeeded his father in the yeere 1253. being not yet 15. yeeres old whose gouernment and the Regency of the realme was in the hands of Marguerite of Foix his mother League betwixt the king of Arragon and the Queene widow of Nauar. The Histories of Nauarre say that the King of Arragon came in person to Tudele to visit the Queene widow and King Thibaud her sonne whereas they made an offensiue and defenciue league the King D. Iaime offring vnto the widow and to this Pupil whatsoeuer hee could doe or they demand alwaies reseruing the rights which he pretended in Nauarre the which he would end friendly when as King Thibaud should be come to age and in the meane time it was agreed that being of full yeeres he should marry D. Constance or D. Sancha daughters to the King of Arragon and if King Thibaud died then should D. Henry his brother marry one of them the King of Arragon promising moreouer not to marry his daughters into the house of Castille without the consent of Queen Marguâ—rite she promised also for her part to do her best endeauor that the King her son should not marry with any of the daughters of Castille lawful nor bastards especially of King Fernands second marriage In this league was comprehended the French King and the Emperour by Queene Marguerite and the King of Arragon would insert a condition that this present league should be allowed and confirmed by the Popes authority within a certaine time and great penalties and censures set downe by him for them that should breake it The Queene mother was assisted by D. Garcia Almoraâ—id D. Sancho Fernandes of Montagu D. Garcia Gomes of Agoncillo D. Gonçalo Yuanes of Batzan D. Corbaran of Leet D. Martin Garces of Eusa D. Pero Gonçales of Morentiu D. Martin Gonçales of Morentia D. Guerero Siere Symon Giros D. Pedro Ximenes of Valtierra and D. Lope Arcez Deane of the Collegiall church of Tudele who did all sollemnly sweare to obserue the Articles of this league The company beeing gone from Tudele the King of Castille was presently aduertised of the league which they had made wherevpon hee sent many companies of horse and foote vnto the frontiers of Nauarre pretending that the realme did belong to him and that hee would pursue his right by armes On the other side Queen Marguerite the Regent manned the townes forts ioyning vpon Castille with good garrisons being also succored by the King of Arragon so as the Castillans passed no farther at that time Thybaud crowned king of Nauarre In the meane time King Thibaud grew to be ful 25. yeers old wherfore they thought it fit to declare him of age to crown him An. 1254. the which was done in the yeere 1254. in the great church of Pampelone where he did sweare to obserue and augment the preuiledges of the country Being in possession of the gouernment he would haue the alliance and league which his mother had made with the King of Arragon newly confirmed for the effecting
feudataries are bound whereuppon they were depriued of their fees and military honours according to the custome of Spaine by the which Places and States were giuen to be held in fee vnder the Soueraigntie of the Crowne vppon condition to yeeld them vp vnto the king beeing demanded It did auaile them nothing to obiect the priuiledges of Cattelogne which were That the Nobility might quit the kings obedience in case of controuersies and sutes especially if there were question of their liberties and to protest it publikely To compound which troubles the Estates were assembled againe that yeare 1274. at Lerida and Iudges appointed by them but the disorder was so great as the king incensed with a rash and inhumane fury against his son D. Fernand and his confederates he gaue him ouer in prey to his brother D. Pedro who beseeged him in the Castell of Pomar took him and caused him to be drowned in the riuer of Signa Don Pedro of Arragon drownes his brother and obtained his goods and spoile for the execution of this cruell act D. Fernand had married Donna Aldoncia of Vrrea by whom he lest a sonne called Don Philip Fernandes which was the stemme of the noble house of Castro in Arragon 14 These disorders were seconded by the proceedings of the Inquisitors Monkes against them that were suspected to fauour the opinion of the Albigeois condemned by the Popes This Commission was affected by Friar Raymond of Begnafort a Iacobine abouementioned and giuen to Friar Pedro Cadrieta and William Colonico of the same Order who inquiring of this crime with great vehemency did many exploits in Cattelogne namely in the Diocesse of Vrgel where they tooke out of the graue the bones of Arnaud of Castelbon and of Ermesinde or Brunicende his daughter Grandmother to Roger Bernard Earle of Foix deceased a little before and caused them to be publikely burnt condemning their memorie Such was the estate of Arragon after the returne of the king D. Iames from the Councel of Lyons D. Henry king of Nauarre newly come to the Crowne Nauarre was to dispute with D. Pedro infant of Arragon for the right which he pretended to the Realme of Nauarre as Cessionarie to D. Iaime his father but it fell out happily for him that there grew so great diuision betwixt the father and the sonne by reason whereof the Infant D. Pedro entred into familiarity with the king of Nauarre that he might be fauoured by him 〈◊〉 enterprises and the better to incourage him he sent a knight vnto him called D. William of Cruillas to make an accord betwixt them for this pretended right wherof the king D. Henry made no great account yet he gaue him good words and intertained this young Prince still keeping Don Iaime in feare that they would agree to his preiudice which was a good meanes for the king of Nauarre to be assured of him for D. Iaime fearing this league should take effect preuented his sonne and sought D. Henries friendship making a truce for many yeares with him during the which they should not talke of right pretensions nor of any reall nor personall actions So King Henry the Grosse inioyed his Realme quietly by the discord of others This king was married before he came to the Crowne beeing but Earle of Ronay to Ieanne daughter to Robert Earle of Arthois Brother to Saint Lewis so as shee was allyed to the Royall houses of France and Spaine The king had Don Thibaud by this marriage Genealoâ—â— of Nauarre whome the nurce let fall out of a Gallerie in the towne of Estella and slue him some say it was his Gouernour who let him fall vnaduisedly and was so grieued as hee cast himselfe headlong after the child and slue himselfe Hee had no other sonne Wherefore the masculine line of the Earles of Champagne in Nauarre ended in this king hauing continued but forty yeares Hee had besides one daughter by his wife called Donna Ieanne by her mothers name who came to inherit the Realme of Nauarre with the Counties of Brie Champagne and other Estates of her Father The Spanish Authours write that the King and Queene her father and mother caused her to bee receiued and declared Queene in the Estates of Nauarre beeing but two yeares and seuen moneths old which was a meanes to vnite Nauarre to France for some yeares This King Don Henry beeing Lieutenant in Nauarre for Don Thibaud his brother being yet vnmarried had the company of a Lady the heire of the house of Lacarra of whom hee begatte a sonne whome he named Henry as himselfe Beeing growne he was much fauoured by the kings which succeeded his father and obtained the dignitie of Marshall or chiefe Commander of armes in Nauarre Family of Henriques of Nauarre Lords of Abâ—â—tas They hold that the noble family of Henriques in Neuarre Lords of Ablitas is descended from him D. Henry the Grosse raigned only three yeares 7. moneths and 17. dayes He died in the citty of Pampelone in the Bishops pallace this yeare 1274. and was interred in the Cathedrall church There is no particular mention of his deedes nor of his gouernement in Nauarre but that he brake an vnion made in the time of the king D. Sancho betwixt the Bourgers and inhabitants of Pampelone from that time diuided in Nauarriere a Bourg the reason that mooued him thereunto is not set downe but that it it was preiudiciall to the Ciâ—â—le Donna Ieanne the onely daughter and heire to the king D. Henry D. Ieanne heâ—â—â—â— Nauarre remained in the power of the Estates of Nauarre beeing onely three yeares old presently there grew great troubles among the Nauarrois as well for the gouernement of the Realme as for the bringing vp of the Infanta The gouernement of the Realme was in the hands of Pero Sanches de Montagu D. Pero Sanches de Montagu Regent in Nauarre Lord of Cascant but for the bringing vp of the Infanta D. Ieanne who was then in the custodie of the Queene her mother there was great dispute in an assembly called to that end in the citty of Pampelone Some would haue her deliuered to the king D. Alphonso and of this number was Don Garcia Almorauid against these Don Pero Sanches of Montagu Don Armingol Bishop of Pampelone with many others were of opinion that she should be put into the hands of D. Iames king of Arragon but the Queene her mother desired she might come into the hands of the French demanding Philip king of France to be tutor to her daughter and Realme In these debates which were neither gouerned by modestie nor reason the Queene fearing lest some inconuenience should fall vpon her daughter and her selfe beeing assisted by the Noblemen and Knights which were of her faction stole away in the night and carried the Infanta who was the cause of all the quarrell with her into France The bâ—ire of Nauarre transported into France by her mother where shee was courteously intertained by King
of Castille yea in such sort according to the Spanish Histories Renenciation reiterated of the right which the Kings of France comming from Saint Lewis haue to castillle as to take away all occasions of quarrell betwixt them he did againe renounce in fauour of D. Sancho all the right hee had to the Realme of Castille The King of Arragon desirous to come to some accord with the French imployed Edward King of England who vsed great dilligence to reconcile them as we will shew After the conference of Bayone the King D. Sancho returning by Guipuscoa he granted priuiledges for the foundation of Tolouse Segure and Villefranche townes in that country 10 During these broiles the inhabitants of Badajos by meanes of a quarrel betwixt two factions reuolted against the King D. Sancho and imbraced the party of D. Alphonso de la Cerde who intituled himselfe King of Castille The Bejarans and Portugalois factions among the inhabitants of Badajos fel to great contention among themselues for that the Portugalois against all right had vsurped many possessions belonging to the Bejarans through the fauour of the King D. Sancho whereof many complaints beeing made by them that were dispossest the King commanded Iustice should bee done them and that they should bee restored to their goods Tumult at Badaâ—os the which beeing decreed they that were in possession would not obey wherefore the Bajarans hauing taken armes and slaine many of their aduersaries and chased the rest out of the towne they recouered their owne in this manner but the excesse and violence which they vsed was such as fearing to bee seuerely punished as they deserued they seized vpon the high towne and beeing fortefied there they proclaimed D. Alphonso King of Castille and Leon. In the beginning the King D. Sancho sent the Maisters of the Knights of Saint Iames Calatraua and Alcantara with the priors of Templers and Saint Iohn who wrought in such sort as they retired the Bejarans from their folly with assurance of their liues but afterwards the King neglecting his faith promised by his Lieutenants caused this people to be cruelly murthered to the number of foure thousand sparing neither women nor children for the which he was iustly blamed There was also an other massacre at Talauera Cruelty of the King D. Sancho for the like faction proclayming Don Alphonso de la Cerde for King of Castille whereas one of the ports of the townes is called at this day Quartos for that there were aboue foure hundred of the chiefe inhabitants slaine there The continuall griefe wherein hee was by reasons of these difficulties both at home and abroad made him to commit these outrages contrarie to all reason the which was no signe of magnanimitie besides that the furies if wee may so say by râ—â—son of his impietie and disobedience towardes his father did pursue him In the yeere of our Lord 1291. An. 1291. Queene Mary was brought in bed of her fourth sonne who was named D. Pedro and the warre being now begonne with Arragon the King D. Sancho came to Cuenca and sent good troupes against D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara who spoiled the countries of Cuenca and Alarcon who were defeated and many Ensignes and Guidons carried to Valencia whereas the king of Arragon and D. Diego Lopes de Haro were these with other discontents made the King of fall into a double Quartane which brought him in danger of his life In the meane time the King of Arragon D. Diego Lopes and D. Iohn Nugnes beeing returned to Albarrazin they did ouerrunne the territories of Molina Siguença Atienâ—a Berlanga and Almacan where they committed great spoiles and carried away a great booty finding no resistance D. Iohn Nugnes was fed with hope to recouer Albarrazin The Queene who was come to Cuenca to see the King her husband sicke wrought meanes to winne Don Iohn Nugnes de Lara whom they had often attempted to draw vnto the Kings seruice but hee trusted him not but now hee was perswaded vpon a promise to giue in marriage to his sonne called also D. Iohn Nugnes D. Isabella the heire of Molina and the Queenes Neece the which was performed but hauing his head euer fraught with iealousie and distrust hee was so easily induced to beleeue any aduertisment as hee was still ready to dislodge so as the King beeing at Palença and discontented with D. Nugnes carriage beganne also to distrust him And for that hee had need of captaines hee drew the Infant Don Iohn his brother out of prison in the yeere of our Lord 1291. to imploy him against his rebels hauing caused him to take a new oth to be faithfull vnto him and to his sonne D. Fernand whose hands hee caused them all to kisse as to the heire of the crowne From Palença hee went in pilgrimage to Saint Iames and by the way reduced vnder his obedience D. Iohn Alphonso d' Albuquerque a knight of great authority in Gallicia who had beene wonne by D. Iohn Nugnes At his returne to Vailledolit he found that his second sonne D. Alphonso was dead The same yeere a peace was concluded betwixt the Kings of France Arragon Naples and Arragon the Ambassadors of these Princes being assembled with the Popes Noncio at Tarascon at the instance of Edward King of England For the King of Arragon came D. Nugnes Mataplane Bishop of Sarragossa Raymond Anglesol Berenger Puchuert William Lunfort and Bernard william Pinelio all Lawiers who treated and agreed vpon these conditions Peace betwixt France and Arragon That the donation made by Pope Martin to Charles of Valois of the realme of Arragon and the appurtenances should bee voide and of no force paying a tribut of thirty ounces of gold yeerely to the Church of Rome That the Island of Majorca should bee restored to the lawfull Lord vpon condition that hee should acknowledge the King of Arragon for his soueraigne That the Arragonois should depart out of the Island of Sicile and leaue the free possession vnto Charles King of Naples That D. Alphonso King of Arragon should bee at Rome on Whitsonday that present yeere lead an army against the Infidels That he should perswade his brother D. Iames and his mother D. Constance to quit the realm of Sicile or else to make war against them These were the principall Articles of this peace the which the Arragonois held infamous accusing their King of impiety towards his mother and treason to his brother yet it was concluded and signed And for the confirmation thereof the bishop of Sarragossa and Berenger Puchuert went to Rome Some doubt whether the full conclusion thereof were made during the life of King D. Alphonso or at the entrance of the King D. Iames for D. Alphonso died about this treaty as hee made preparation to marry the daughter of Edward King of England called Leonara yet it is likely this peace was made in the life time of King D. Alphonso yea some Authors affirme that
the 4. for the accomplishing of which accord King Charles stayed some time in France and also by Commission from the same Pope to mediate a peace betwixt France and England Frederick of Arragon seazeth vpon Sâ—cile but returning into Italy and thinking to haue free possession of Italy hee found that Don Fredericke brother to the king Don Iames of Arragon had seazed thereon by reason whereof there began a more violent warre then before The Pope hauing cited the two breethren of Arragon Don Iames came to Rome and purged himselfe by oath that he was ignorant of his brothers enterprise offering to king Charles who was present ayde to recouer the Iland whereupon they continued friends Thither also came queene Constance widow to Don Pedro and Roger de Loria the Admirall who were much honored by king Charles intertayning Roger into his seruice 14 The king D. Iames was made Standard-bearer of the Church by the Pope Robert sonne to K. Charles put to rout by the Sicilians who moreouer did inuest him in the Ilands of Corsica and Sardinia which were held by the Pisans and Geneuois vpon condition that he should conquer them by armes at his own charge and a certaine rent which some say was two thousand markes of siluer to the Church of Rome with other burthensome conditions According to the offer which the king of Arragon had made vnto king Charles he gaue him thirty gallies with the which hauing ioyned his fleet of forty gallies whereof Roger de Loria was Admirall they sayled all towards Sicile and hauing incountred D. Frederick with 60. gallies commanded by Frederick d' Oria a Geneuois D. Fred cricke put to route by the French they gaue them battell put them to route took 22. gallies and about 6000. prisoners and if the Cattelans who tooke part with Charles had not made way to giue D. Frederick meanes to escape he had beene also taken Roger de Loria was depriued of his goods in the Iland of Sicile and condemned as guilty of high treason Don Frederick saued himselfe in Cattelogne where he did somewhat repaire his forces and then returned to Messina There hee found that the Sicilians had had their reuenge vpon the French for they had fought with them and taken Iohn de Loria nephew to Roger with sixteene gallies and had cut off his head as a rebell which caused Roger to shew himselfe cruell vnto his prisoners Afterwards king Charles hauing sent Robert his third sonne with commission into the Iland and hauing taken Cattanea as he resolued to go and meet with a fleete of 60. Robert sonne to King Charles put to rout by the Sicilans Gallies which Philip Prince of Tarentum his brother did leade the Sicilians vnderstanding that Roberts gallies were in the port of Cattanea vnmanned went and assayled them tooke some and disperst the rest in the view of Philip against whom hauing directed their prowes they also gaue battel to his 60. gallies whom they put to route tooke him prisonser and carried him to Palermo wherfore Robert their king after these two routes thinking that he should not be safe in Sicile abandoned Cattanea and returned to Naples Whilest these contended for Sicile the King D. Iames did quietly enioy his Estates of Arragon hauing in the yeare 1295. made a new league with the Kings of France Portugal and Granado against the new King of Castile in fauour of D. Alphonso de la Cerde the titularie king of that Realme D. Fernand or Ferdinand the 4. of that name 12. king of Castile 33. of Leon. 15 IT is a scourge greatly to be feared Castile with the which God beeing displeased doth punish nations when he giues them children for Princes and women for Gouernors for the young age and weake sexe beeing alwaies little respected and these instruments easie to gouerne by flatterers and to be terrified by the violent wee haue alwaies seene in such raignes Maiestie in contempt Iustice troden vnder foot the people opprest the good recoyled Truth banished and the Country in prey to their neighbors D. Fernand of Castile being a child the yeare 1295. when his father D. Sancho dyed the gouernment of him and of his Realme by the will of the deceased King should remaine in the hands of the Queene D. Mary his mother A little before D. Henry his great vncle was come into Spaine who hauing beene chased out of the country for his turbulent spirit during the raigne of Don Fernand the third had runne through many countries both Christians and Infidels and tryed diuers conditions so as after many yeares he brought backe into Spaine the same qualities which had expelled him yea far worse by whose aduice the Queene was forced to gouerne her selfe so as in effect he was Regent himselfe which the Earle D. Iohn Nugnes de Lara and his brother D. Nugno Gonçales did enuie Besides the Noblemen who during the life of the deceased king were out of the Realme hoping in this new raigne to be restored through the fauour of their partisans and friends were now returned D. Alphonso de la 〈◊〉 and D Iohn of Castile contâ—nd for the realme which did not a little trouble the Queene mother who for these considerations was forced to giue D. Henry great authority against her will D. Diego Lope Diaz de Haro had vsurped the authoritie in the ancient patrimonie of his house of Biscay and there were newes that the Infant D. Iohn came out of Affricke to contend for the kingdome Besides that on the other side D. Alphonso de la Cerde fauoured by the forces of Arragon France and Nauarre carried himselfe openly or king of Castile Notwithstanding all these crosses and dangers this Princesse who was of a great courage caused Don Fernand her sonne to be proclaimed and crowned King of Castile Leon and other lands depending in the city of Toledo writing vnto the Nobleman and Prouinces to acknowledge and receiue him and to the end they should doe it the more willingly she did release them of a tribute called Sica which the deceased king beeing prest with great necessittie had imposed In the beginning no man refused it but the Noblemen mentioned bread such a confusion as she had almost sunke vnder the burthen D. Henry to settle his authoritie of Regent Troubles â—aised D. Henry which he sayd did belong vnto him stirred vp the townes of Casile to open rebellion so as the Queene mother and her sonne being come toVailledolit where she had called an assembly of the Estates they shut the gates against them and caused them to stay without vntill night neither would they then suffer such as had accompanied them to enter but onely she her sonne their Officers and houshold seuants Don Henry came thither who hauing scarce saluted the Queene he began to perswade her to end this dangerous warre and to disperse the conspiracie of so many Princes against her and her sonne by her marriage with
Don Iohn the blind sent many Knights thither to whom the bodie was deliuered and they were accompanied to the first towne of the Christians then they tooke their way to Cordoua from thence it was trasported to Burgos whither they had carried D. Pedro and there they were interred By this vnexpected victorie the affaires of Ismael king of Granado grew in reputation and force recouering many places which had beene lost before Don Iohn Manuel the sonne of D. Manuel of Castile maintaining the warre against the Moores Towards Murcia Ismael tooke Huescar Ores and Galere places belonging to the Order of Saint Iames and returning towards Andalusia he beseeged Martos and tooke it by force commanding them to kill all they found aliue in it yet most of them saued themselues in the fort and defended it against the Moores who lost many of their best men and among others a Nephew to Ozmin the which gaue great occasion of murmure against king Ismael for that he did so hazard his Nobility in these dangerous assaults In this estate stood the warre of Granado the which was ended with them fo Andalusia vpon king Ismaels returne to Granado vpon condition that the Castillans being ready to chuse new tutors for the yong king D. Alphonso should not receiue nor acknowledge any but that should confirme this truce During these alterations Castile the Q. D. Maria was gone into Portugal where she had conference with her son-in-law D. Alphonso Infant of Portugal at Font dAugilero a Bourg of Cite Roderigo froÌ„ thence was returned with the yong K. of Castile to Toro where she had newes of the moserable end of D. Pedro and D. Iohn whereupon she made present dispatches to all the chiefe townes of the realme and to the Noblemen aduertising them of this disaster and exhorting them to continue faithfull vnto the king her grand-child and not to receiue commandement from any but from him or them that should bee appointed by the Estates for she feared D. Iohn Manuel who was rich and mighty an desirous of innouations would seeke to attaine to the Regencie of the king and Realme and saw on the other side that D. Iohn the blind had the like ambition against whom the Q. opposed D. Philip her son Tumults in Castile for the gouernement but as the most certaine Authors say D. Alphonso vncle to the king D. Alphonso All these Noblemen being well followed and keeping the field with good troupes of soldiers they wre ready to ioyne in battell neere vnto Auila the which was preuented by D. Iohn Manuel The Infant D. Fernand de la Cerde who was Lord Steward to the king was an actor in these ciuill seditions so as the realmes of Castile Leon and their appurtenances were full of all excesse violence and insolencies the which continued long notwithstanding that the Estates had chosen for tutors D. Philip or Don Alphonso D. Iohn Manuel An. 1320. and D. Iohn the blind in the yeare 1320. In the meane time the K. D. Alphonso to make his name more reuerent amongst his subiects granted certaine priuiledges vnto townes and among others to wall in a Bourg called Renteria the which was named Villanoua of Ojarçum in Guipuscoa and gaue it the title of a town the priuiledges of S. Sebastian from whence it is but a league distant The Infant D. Philip or Alphonso sware the truce made betwixt the king of Granado and them of Andalusia wherein the Cittie of Cordoua was comprehended for that they had giuen their voice for the gouernement of the King to Don Iohn Manuel against whome King Ismael was incensed This yeare D. Iohn Infant of Arragon son to the king D. Iames the 2. was consecrated Archb. of Toledo in the towne of Lerida in Cattelogne in stead of D. Gonçales deceased many Prelates beeing present and namely D. Ximenes de Luna Arch-bishop of Tarragone and Don Pedro de Luna first Arch-bishop of Saragossa erected to that dignitie in the yeare 1318. by Pope Iohn the 22. ouer the Bishops of Pampelona Calahorra Calçada Tarassone Huesca Segobia and Albarazin These two Arch-bishops of Tarragone and Saragossa did watch if the new Arch-bishop of Toledo as Primate of Spaine would march through their Dioceses with his crosse before him to the end they might oppose themselues by vertue of a certaine Constitution made at the Councell of Tarragone and so it happened whereupon the Arch-bishop of Toledo and all his followers were excommunicated by them for entring into their Iurisdictions which censure and excommunication was published by him of Sarragossa whereat the King Don Iames was much offended and did write vnto the Pope making great complaints of this manner of proceeding but being afterwards perswaded that it was done to maintaine the dignity of the Churches of his Realme he was pacified The Primate appealed from their sentences and proceeded against them The Pope calling the deciding of this question to the Apostolicke sea absolued the Arch-bishop of Toledo in the meane time and gaue him facultie to absolue his followers and seruants He was the seuen and fiftieth Arch-bishop of this sea Primate of Spaine At the same time Arragon Order of Montesa or litle before the king of Arragon had giuen to the knights of Monteça the towne and castell of Monteça wherof this Order carries the name the first Master was William of Errill who tooke the white habite of Galatraua in the yeare 1319. in the Monasterie of Santa Cruz from the hands of the Commander of Alcaniz These knights had some yeares after facultie to leaue the habite of Cisteaux and in stead thereof to carrie a redde crosse vpon their brests granted by Pope Benedict the thirteenth and confirmed by Pope Martin the fifth The King D. Iames by the aduice of his Estates held at Tarragone did make a perpetuall vnion of the Realmes of Arragon and Valencia and the principalitie of Cattelogne the which from that time should not for any occasion be dis-united In which assembly Vnion perpetuall 〈◊〉 Estates of 〈◊〉 Vaâ—encia and Caâ—â—eâ—ogne the Infant Don Iames the eldest and heire to the Crown beeing readie to marrie D. Leonora of Castile suddenly by a strange affection quitting both his wife and so goodly a succession as that of the Realme of Arragon told the king his father that he had made a vow neither to marrie nor to raigne so as notwithstanding all the perswasions of the king and Noblemen he quit his birth-right to his brother D. Alphonso after the example of Esau. Beeing there set at liberty by the king he discharged the Estates of the oath they had made vnto him and presently put on the habite of the Knights of Ierusalem Iames heire of Arragon quits his inheritance the which he receiued by the hands of Bernard Solier in the presence of his brother Don Iohn Arch-bishop of Toledo Don Symon of Luna Arch-bishop of Tarragone Berenger Bishop of Vic and Raymond of
of Knights of Christus Portugal by Buls from Pope Iohn in the yeare 1320. by the which it was receiued into the protection of the Apostolike sea of Rome Order of Christus in Portugal and the towne of Castro Marin assigned for the chiefe of this Order being neere vnto the Mores and since the content was transported to Touar The knights of this Order carry a red crosse split and opened by the foure branches with a white line so as one crosse makes two the one red the other white The election of the Master belongs to 13. persons that is the Prior the Commander maior the Treasurer the Secretary and nine Commanders The election was made euery one of these 13. giuing his voyce the which being publikely pronounced he that had most voices was chosen Master The first was D. Gil Martines who had beene Master of the militarie Order of Auis The elect is bound swearing in the Priors hands to promise to bee in fauour with the Pope and the Church of Rome and to present himselfe vnto the King to do him the homage of fealty The Commanders of this Order are the Prior the great Commander the Treasurer Secretary Commander of Arquin of Rodano Proença Olallas Castilejo Sancheyra Prucos Segura Lardoça and Derosmanichal Since there hath beene added the Commanders of S. Michel and S. Mary in the Ilands by the king Don Manuel An 1323. In the yeare 1323. the king D. Denis endowed this Order with priuiledges fit for the dignity thereof Genealogie of Portugall and the ornament of his religion The same yeare D. Beatrix wife to the Infant D. Alphonso was brought in bed of a son in the city of Coimbra who was named Peter and raigned after his Grandfather and father This king Denis was in so great esteeme among the Portugals as they haue a Prouerbe in vse at this day El Rey D. Denis que fix quanto quiz that is to say The king D. Denis who did all he would It is as well by reason of the institution of these militarie Orders as of many foundations and remembrances he left of him as the Monasterie of S. Francis of Portalegre and the Monasterie of Nuns of the Order of Cisteaux or S. Bernard of S. Denis of Odiuela a league and a halfe from Lisbone where he appointed his body should be interred and other publike workes as causeys towers castels walles fortifications and reparations of townes without number By him the new street of Lisbone so much esteemed in Portugall was made as also the castels of Serpa Moura Oliuencia Campo maior Argela and the fortresse that of Portalegre Odiana Marbar the castell of Abibe Alegrete Monches Monfort Beyros Arroyolos Hebora monte Bosba Villauiciosa Montcarraz Redondo Model Beja Geromena Sabugal Alfayates Castelrubio Villamaior Castellobon Castellomejor Almeida Castelmendo and Pinel most of the which were walled in by this king He did also wall in Braga Guimaranes Miranda of Duero with the Castell of Monçon and Carastolo He built new Muja Saluueterre Montargel Atalaya Acerceyra and many others which we will omit for breuities sake The king Don Denis spent his time and employed his treasure in such things He had some warre against Castile in fauour of the rebels and otherwise as we haue formerly related and moreouer against his owne brother whom he spoiled of his lands forcing him to retire into Castile to his wiues kindred Towards the end of his dayes there was no good agreement betwixt him and his sonne Don Alphonso for the sonne bred such a reuolt and sedition throughout the whole Realme as he was often in armes against the father and readie to giue battell neere to Coimbra Saint Iren Albaran and else-where beeing thrust on by faltterers and counsellors of iniquity which disorders Queene Izabel a Princesse full of piety Piety of the Queen Izabel did happily repaire and preuented the effusion of bloud praying continually vnto God for concord betwixt the father and sonne the which shee obtayned before the decease of the king her husband which was in the yeare 1325. hauing raigned 45. yeares An. 1325. nine moneths and 5. dayes and the 64. of his age He dyed at S. Iren and was interred in the Monasterie of S. Denis of Oduielas Death of the king D. Denis as hee had ordayned by his testament by the which he gaue 140000. lyutes of money then currant in Portugall to be distributed to poore hospitals monasteries widowes orphelins maarrying of maydens redemption of prisoners and such like at the discretion of the Queene his wife and the Executors of his testament Besides his lawfull children he had by one or by diuers concubines Don Alphonso the beginner of the family of Albuquerque Don Pedro who gaue himselfe to studie and hath compiled a Volume of the great Houses of Spayne D. Iohn and D. Fernand one daughter that was married to D. Iohn de la Cerde and one daugther a Nun. This holy Queene Izabel daughter to Don Pedro the third king of Arragon and of Donna Constance daughter to Manfroy king of Naples was married beeing but eleuen yeares old and carried her selfe so wisely and religiously as she was admired and honoured of all men she shewed in her royall estate a wonderfull humilitie and modestie shee laboured with her hands to auoyde idlenesse and what shee made shee gaue away for Gods sake wherein shee did not spare her meanes which were otherwise great fasting and prayer were her delights and she was in continuall anguish for her sins and for her peoples she serued God as she had beene instructed by gifts offerings Masses and suffrages without measure Finally she was so giuen to contemplation and to the spirit as she tooke no delight in any thing that pleased the sences shee fledde and forsooke as much as possibly shee could all royall Pallaces beeing the Magazine of delights and of peruerse affections so as the king Don Denis who was of a contrarie disposition made small account of her giuing himselfe often to vnlawfull and lustfull loues by whome hee had children the which this good and vertuous Queene caused to bee bredde vp as her owne although shee were wonderfully afflicted to see this bad course of the King her husband fearing and rightly that God would punish him for this consideration she did pray continually for his amendment which happened in the end The K. D. Denis did oft vse her roughly wherein she shewed such patience as she neuer vsed any word of complaint but only prayed to God to let him vnderstand the truth yea when she was in a maner chased from his presence and retired to her house at Alenguer by reason of the quarrels betwixt the father and the son wherof the minions of the Court layd all the blame vpon her perswading the k. that she intertayned them against all likelihood of truth Shee did wonderfully esteem the Orders of begging Friars thinking that their estate was the most perfect among the
incensed against Don Iohn Manuel who had still secret intelligence with the king of Granado and beeing ill affected to D. Alphonso had not stirred during the seege notwithstanding that hee had promised to assayle the Moores towards Murcia neither was hee much contented with the Portugois who left him almost at the beginning of the seege of Thiebe and returned to their houses By reason of these infidelities he resolued to haue peace with the king of Granado who sought it and accepted what he offeeed to his Ambassadors at Seuile that he should pay him twelue thousand doublons of yearely tribute and do him homage for his Realme of Granado so as he might be allowed to draw victuals out of the Christians country paying the twentith penny 10 The king D. Alphonso beeing at Seuile without any cares of warre Castile he gaue himselfe to the long-sought loue of Donna Leonora of Guzman daughter to Don Pero Nugnes de Guzman who had beene wife to Don Iohn de Velasco whom he enioyed This Lady who had not her like for beautie in all Spaine did so gouerne him as hee did not any thing but by her will excusing himselfe that the Queene Donna Maria whome hee had married but two yeares before had no children Being come from Seuile to Xeres of Badajos to visit Queene Elizabeth his Grand-mother Dowager of Portugall beeing yet aliue he found there by chance the Infant D. Alphonso de la Cerde that came out of France who kist his hand and yeelded vnto him the right which he pretended to the Realmes of Castile and Leon D. Alphonso de la Cerde quiâ—sâ—is interest to Castâ—l the which he had long disputed but in vaine He had the same yeare as some hold yeelded to Philip king of Nauarre the interest which he had or might pretend as king of Castile to Alaua Rioja Guipuscoa and other lands adjacent of the auncient patrimony of Nauarre The king of Nauarre in recompence gaue him certaine places and pensions to entertayne his estate and so they continued good friends This D. Alphonso de la Cerde had married a Lady in France of the bloud Royall named Malfade by whom he had two sonnes Don Lewis and Don Iohn this last was Earle of Angoulesme and Constable of France during the raigne of King Iohn whom the Histories of France cal Don Iohn of Spaine Thus Don Alphonso was prouided for beeing issued from the eldest sonne of D. Alphonso the Learned Don Iohn Manuel the king seeing that it was now time to liue in peace employed Donna Leonora of Guzman to bring him into fauour the which she obtayned yet was it not wholy to his content An. 1331. This Lady was deliuered in the yeare 1331. of a sonne by the king who was named Don Pedro and to whome the king assigned for a perpetuall inheritance Aguilar del campo and many other reuenues 11 In those times they of the Prouince of Alaua had a custome to choose a Lord Custome of Alaua vnder the soueraignty of Castille who did gouerne and enioyed the reuenues which were appointed for the Lords of the Countrie sometimes they were Princes of the house of Castile the kings children and sometimes the Lords of Biscay or of the house of Lara or others as they thought good for the doing whereof they were accustomed to assemble in the field of Arriaga neere to Victoria and there made their election and those of this election were called brethren and the assemblie a Brotherhood Thither came the chiefe families of Alaua with the Bishop of Calaorra and the deputies for the Labourers the towne of Victoria and that of Treuigno were not of this assembly but had bin alwaies vnited to the Crowne This yeare the Brotherhood sent deputies vnto the king beeing at Burgos desiring him to incorporate them vnto the crowne and that they might no more choose any Lord or subalternall gouernour for that in the factions and seditions past they had beene distracted from the kings obedience by the Gouernors whereby the countrey had suffered much The King desirous to giue them contentment assuring his estate the more thereby and increasing his demeynes came to Victoria and from thence to the assembly of the Brotherhood beeing in the field of Arriaga whereas publikely and in all their names there was a petition presented vnto him by these Knights hereafter named D. Lopes of Mendoça D. Bertrand Iuanes of Gueuara Lord of Ogna and Ladron of Gueuara his son Iuan Hurtado of Mendoça Fernand Ruis of Mendoça Arch-deacon of Calaorra Ruis Lopes of Mendoça sons to D. Lopes Diego Hurtado of Mendoça Fernand Peres of Ayala Fernand Sanches of Velaico Gonçalo Iuanez of Mendoça and Hurtado Diaz his brother Lopes Garcia of Salazar and Ruis Diaz of Torres These beeing followed by many other gentlemen and the deputies of the Clergie and third Estate presented many Articles vnto the King beseeching him to grant them Alaua vnited to the Crowne of Castile promising for their part that this should bee their last assembly and that the name and effect of their Brotherhood should remaine for euer extinct The King hauing heard them and giuen the Articles to his Councell to peruse receiued them and vnited the Prouince of Alaua for euer vnto the crowne of Castile whereof letters were afterward dispatcht at Victoria in the yeare 1332. And these were the Articles 1 That the King nor his successors should not alienate any place of his demeines 2 That the gentlemen and their goods should bee free and exempt from all subsidies as they had bin heretofore 3 That the Monasteriall Churches and Collations which belonged to Noblemen should be preserued for them as before and whereas the Incumbents were not resident the gentlemen should receiue the reuenues 4 That all Labourers dwelling vpon gentlemens land should be subiect vnto them the Seigneurie and Iustice soueraigne reserued to the King and the Oxe of March but all amercements should be the Lords 5 That the Gentlemen and others of the countrie should gouerne themselues according to the customes and rights of Soportilla and in all offences their causes should bee iudged according to the lawes of the Siete partidas 6 That the Iudges royall and Captaines of castels should be borne and resident in the country who could not proceed against any one but vpon complaint vnlesse they were condemned or banished and that all prisoners should be deliuered vpon caution vnlesse they were subiect to a corporall punishment 7 That all Labourers dwelling vnder Monasteriall Churches and Collations of Gentlemen should bee free and exempted from all tribute and subiection except the Oxe of March. 8 That Labourers dwelling in Pallaces and Castels of Gentlemen should haue the same exemptions so as there were but one at once and those which nurse Gentlemens lawfull children should enioy the like priuiledges during the time of their nourishment 9 The Gentlemen which dwell in villages vnder the Iurisdiction of Victoria should enioy the
the Garrison was obstinat in the defence thereof and would not yeeld wherefore the king beeing called away for matters of greater consequence built certaine small forts about it and manned them with souldiers to hinder their going in the comming out and came to Logrogno and from thence to Algoncillo where hee surprized Don Iohn Alphonso de Haro Lord of that place one of the rebels whome he caused presently to be slayne and did confiscate his goods except los Cameros which he gaue vnto his brother then returning to Burgos he beseeged Herrera a place belonging to Don Iohn Nugnes who either wearie of the warre or distrusting the euent thereof hee made his peace with the king and returned to his seruice During this seege Queene Mary was brought in bed of a sonne at Burgos who was named Don Pedro heire of the kingdome The Writers of Arragon say that this Infant was supposed by Queene Mary being iealous that the king her husband did so loue D. Leonora of Guzman and that she brought him so many children The king hauing pacified the troubles towards Biscay he marched with his army towards D. Iohn Manuels country and beseeged Rojas Disloyalty of King D. Alphonso the which was defended by a Gentleman called Diego Gil in the name of D. Lope Diaz de Rojas vassall to Don Iohn Manuel This Diego Gil hauing made some resistance in the end yeelded vppon condition to haue their liues saued notwithstanding the king condemned him to death with some others for that he had resisted against the Standard royall And then there was an Edict made That all Gentlemen holding towns castels Edict against Captaines of places that did resist the king or houses of strength belonging to any Nobleman knight or other of the kings vassals the king comming thither in person they should be bound to receiue him without any imputation if not they should loose their liues which Decree was afterwards put in practise vppon the Gouernour of Iscar who lost his head for that hee had presumed to resist the king About the end of the yeare king Don Alphonso came to Atera a place neere to Calatajub where he found Donna Leonora his sister Queene of Arragon with whome hauing treated of certaine affaires he returned to Vailledolit where by the negotiation of certaine Mediators Accord betwixt the king of Castile and Don Iohn Manuel an accord was made betwixt him and Don Iohn Manuel and a peace throughout all the Realme which the Spanish Authors attribute to his seueritie against the Rebels when hee tooke them condemning most of them after their deaths about the same time Donna Leonora of Guzman was deliuered of a Sonne whome the King named Don Fernand for which cause there were generally great feasts and Ioy and at Court there was a stately tourney where on the one side the knights of the Band did runne among the which was the king in a disguised habit 15 The yeare following 1335. Nauarre there were some alterations towards Nauarre which Realme was gouerned by Henry of Solibert aboue-named beeing resident in the Castell of Olite with three thousand Livres of entertaynment the places of strength beeing put by the Estates into the hands of faithfull Knights The Castels of the riuer whereof Arnaud of Leet was Merin or Gouernour were held by these Captaines following At the castell of Cortes commanded Iohn de Soiçi At Herrera Pero Sanches of Varelo At Penna Ronde Pero Ximenes of Funez At Corell Pero Sanches of Montagu sonne to Fortun At Araciel Inigo Aznar of Corello At Sancho Abarca Mathew Saillant At Estaca Garci Perez of Dax At Valtierra Geoffrey of Villaribo At Cadrieta Gonçalo Perez of Gorrocian At Coparrosso D. Alphonso of Spaine At Ablitas Iohn Martines of Necuessa At Arguedas Pero Sanches of Montagu sonne to Pero Artaxone was held by the Inhabitants The Castell of Rade by Symon Martines of Barasoayn for the Heires of Oger of Mauleon for want of homage In the Merindad or Iurisdiction of Sanguessa whereas Oger of Gramont was Merin there commanded At Saint Care Iohn Renaut le Chat. At the castell of Murillo Diego Peres of Esperun At S. Martin of Vnx Garci Ximenes of S. Martin At Vxue D. Alphonso of Spaine At Gallipienço Pedro Arnaud of Vrtuuia At Casseda Stephen of Cormelles At Pegna Peter of Cuyuero At the old castell of Sanguessa Garcy Arnaldes of Espleta At Petiella in Arragon D. Martin Fernandes de Saraça At Pintano D. Simon de Sotes At Ongaçaria Helias Martines of Irurozgui At Leguin Iohn Martines of Eusa. At Yrurtegui Martin Garcia of Ollaogui At Valcarlos Martin Ynigues of Vrça At Rochfort Lobet of Narbays At Monteyran Pedro Sanches of Olicaratea At Rochbrun Willyam Arnand Durdes At Guerga Iohn de Sauain At Thiebes Garci Michel of Escayren At Castell-nouo Roderigo of Ayuar At Burgui Pedro Azuar of Ezcura At Ysaba Martin Garcia of Leyun In the Merindad of Iurisdiction of Pampelone Fernand Diaz de villa alta held the castell of Toloyna Iohn of Rouceray that of Aza Iohn of Bulli Labraca Iohn Fernandes of Baguedan the castell of Oro. Bernard of S. Pelage that of Falces Pedro Garcia of Ciraguegui Carçar Iohn Botayroa and Martin Sanches of Villamera the castle of Lana Roger of Alamaina Andofilla Corbaran of Leet Reça Romieu Martines of Arrornis Açagra Alphonso Diaz of Morentiu Peralta Diego Sanches of Eulate Artaçona Iohn Velez of Medrano the tower of Viana Diego Lopes of Alsasua the castell of Toro Martin Sanches of Azedo Maragnon Iohn Moreuant the castell of la Garde Renauld of Bourray the castell of Milagro Alphonso Perez of Morantiu the castell of Montjordan Garci Sanches of Espeleta Lerin Ordoniz of Blandiaco Funes D. Pedro Ximenes of Mirafuentes Arcos Lope Perez of Agnoa the castell of Miranda Philip of Coynon the castell of Belmarques Sancho Perez of Ladoça the tower of Mendauia Michel Remires of Cufia the castell of Celatambor Sancho of Liçaraçu the castell of Larraga Which Captaines of Forts were all entertayned by the King and enioyed many priuiledges according to the lawes and customes of Nauarre The treatie of marriage continued still betwixt the Infant of Nauarre and D. Pedro heire of Arragon by D. Pedro de Luna Arch-bishop of Sarragossa D. Pedro Gonçales of Morentiu and other Deputies who hauing beene long together in the towne of Cortez concluded it in the yeare 1334. The conditions were that King Philip of Nauarre should giue in dowry with his daughter D. Ieanne Ten thousand pound a 100000. Sanchots which were worth so many Liuers turnois and for assurance of a future marriage there were giuen in pawne for Nauarre Lescar Arguedas Saint Care Murillo Gallipenço and Murgui and for the King of Arragon Fayos Boria Malona Campdalijub Sos and Sauveterre the Articles were signed by the parties with many knights at Daroca The King of Castille hearing of this alliance being iealous and foreseeing that they sought but an occasition of warre he
and with this army he came and laied seege to Cordoua which had reuolted but not able to take it after some sallies and incounters the Moores returned to Granado and the King Don Pedro to Seuile Yet the King of Granado staied not long before hee returned to Iaen the which hee tooke and burned and came againe and camped before Cordoua but hee dislodged soone and went towards Vbeda where hee did as hee had done at Iaen and making his proffit of these reuolts hee tooke many other places did great spoile in Andalusia and carried away an infinite number of Christians prisoners Townes in Castile yeeld to the King of Nauarre Whilest that Don Henry prest Toledo the townes of Victoria Saluatierra Alaua and Logrogno which held for the King Don Pedro beeing tired wiâ—h the continuall warre which the Guipuscoans and others of their Neighbours which held Don Henries partie made against them they yeelded to Charles King of Nauarre In this reddition the King of Nauarre was much assisted by Don Tello who held Biscay and was then in bad termes with his brother Don Henry They say that the Inhabitants of these townes hauing acquainted the King Don Pedro with their necessities intreating him that hee would not take it ill if they put themselues into the hands of the King of Nauarre who was his friend and allie hee willed them to hold out as long as they could and when as they should bee no more able to defend themselues they should rather yeeld to Don Henry his brother without diuiding themselues from the crowne of Castile then vnto the King of Nauarre who would dismember them from that body moreouer that hee had no reason to gratifie him for hee had not receiued any assured succors from him But it fell out otherwise and the King of Nauarre was seized thereon who to make money at that time sold many preuiledges to the townes of Nauarre and among others to the towne of Viana hee sold the duty called Fousadera and sold them moreouer the place called Agoncillo and the Borroughs of Vrllicilla and Lacagurria with their appurtenances for a certaine sum of money by letters granted at Olite the seuenth of August this yeere 1368. In the meane time D. Henry continued his seege to Toledo the losse whereof D. Pedro fearing he resolued to come and succour it and to raise the seege Hauing therefore left D. Sancho and D. Diego his base sonnes in Carmone with great store of money and precious stones and a good garrison hee marched against the beseegers Being vpon his march hee receiued letters from Aben-Hâ—tin the Moore who foretold him of his approching death yet for all this he staied not The King D. Pedro foretold his death leading in his army three thousand horse whereof fifteene hundred were Moores which the King of Granado had sent him Being come to Montiel and there making some stay hee was abandoned by many of his men whereof D. Henry being aduertised hee thought it time to come to his last tryall which of them two should raigne in Castile wherefore â—e left at the seege of Toledo D. Gomes Mâ—â—riques Archbishop of that city with most of his forces and he with three thousand horse went to incounter the King D. Pedro being resolued to giue him battaile He was ouertaken vpon the way in the towne of Orgaz by Bertrand of Guesclin who being newly redeemed from the English fortenne thousand pounds starling which the French King had paied came to serue him in this conquest with sixe hundred launces Being fortified with this troupe D. Henry marched with all speed and came to Montiel whereof the King D. Pedro who had no good spies did not dreame Defeat of the King D. Pedros men where as his men making a shew of fighting beeing in tumult and confusion as men surprized they were by the councell of Bertrand of Gueselin sodainely charged with such fury as they were all put to flight abandoning their King who seeing himselfe reduced to that extremity shut himselfe into the castle of Montiel which stands vpon the side of a hill aboue the towne Martin Lopes of Cordoua captaine of the men which were within Carmone was vpon the way to come and succor the King D. Pedro but hearing of the defeat of those that were with him and that he was shut vp into the castle of Montiel he returned The Earle D. Henry did presently cast a ditch about the towne and castle of Montiel that his prey might not escape but D. Pedro being beseeged and in want of all things sought to corrupt Bertrand of Guesclin by the meanes of Men Rodrigues of Sanubria promising him the townes of Soria Almacan Atiença Montagu Beça and Seron and moreouer two hundred thousand doublons of gold if hee would vndertake to set him in a place of safety where vnto Bertrand seeming to consent he aduertised D. Henry then hauing giuen an houre and place to Men Rodrigues who was borne at Transtamara to bring forth the King he came out of the castle in the night hauing in his company D. Fernand of Castro and D. Diego Gonçales of Ouiedo and went all armed towards the lodging of Bertrand of Guesclin who came to meet him and said vnto him that it was time to spur but as he was ready to goe to horse Bertrand of Guesclin be traies the King D. Pedro. hee was staied by some that followed Bertrand and forced to come into his tent where hee found D. Henry his brother armed who at the first sight did not know him and beeing aduertised by them that were about him that it was the King D. Pedro his enemy yet was hee in doubt for hee had not seene him in many yeeres The King D. Pedro seeing himselfe betraied transported with fury began to cry out aloude I am I am in deed D. Pedro. Then D. Henry drawing out his dagger stabbed him in the face the King graspled with him and they both fell to the ground but D. Henry vnderneath who being helpt by Bertrand of Guesclin and others freed himselfe and got the King D. Pedro vnder him whom he slue with his dagger Thus D. Pedro King of Castile ended his daies miserably for his excesse and tyranies D. Henry bastard of Castile kils the King D. Pedro. fulfilling the prediction of the Monke of St. Dominike of Calçada whom he caused to burned and of the Philosopher Aben-Hatin His death was in the yeere 1368. the two and thirtith of March for the which many blame Bertrand of Guesclin as hauing falsified his faith and pormise to set him in a place of safety others discharge him saying that the King D. Pedro despayring came and put himselfe rashly into his enemies hands His body was interred in the Monastery of Saint Dominike the Roial at Madrid Hee had raigned nineteene yeers and died beginning the fiue and thirtith of his age D. Fernand alone of that name ninth King of Portugal 23 DVring the warres
of the citties which were of the Councell to let him vnderstand how vnseemely it was for him to entertaine the realme whereof he was a member in such ielousie and to consume the people by the spoils and robberies of his men who kept the fields to what end went he so armed what feared he whereon did he complaine what great benefit did he pretend by the allyance of Portugal that he should disdaine the fauours of his king who had dealt both bountifully and honourably with him giuing him a million of marauidis yearely and might hope for greater matters and seing that he had such ample restimonies of the kings loue and the councels to perswade him to come to court where he might purchase more fauor then euer The duke answered to all that which the Archb. had propounded vnto him that he had neuer giuen eare to a marriage with Portugal but in case a peace or a long truce were concluded betwixt the two realmes As for that hee went accompanied with souldiers it was well knowne that he had enemies in Court who had factions throughout the realme which forced him to stand vpon his guard and therfore they should not hold it strange if he came not to court Moreouer if he had receiued fauors from the king he was ready to employ them in his seruice and his whole estate The Archb. deliuered many reasons vnto him in presence of the Deputies to pacifie him and then returned to Medina del campo where hauing giuen an accompt vnto the king and councel of his employment he held it fit to content the duke in some sort for the mariage of Portugal was much aduanced Thereupon it was bruted whosoeuer were the author that the Duke approched neere vnto the towne and that hee had intelligence with some to be brought in with his forces with caused a great mutiny among them and euery man began to gather souldiers together for his owne assurance The Archb. who a was friend to the duke so far-forth as he did entertaine the troubles wherein he tooke delight propounded a means which he held very conuenient to auoid the spoiles which might follow these quarrels which was that he with the Archbish. of S. Iames and the Master of the Calatraua should retire themselues to their houses and that about the king there should only remaine Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça and the Deputies of townes and that the king should consult with them how to giue content to the duke of Benauent and to find him a party equall to that which was offered him in Portugall By these factions Miscries of ciuill warre all the Realme was in combustion and all sorts of insolencies were committed both in town and countrie iustice was abused and the treasure mis-gouerned The city of Seuile was molested by D. Pedro Ponce of Leon Lord of Marchena and D. Aluar Perez of Guzman Admirall of Castile who seized thereon in the absence of D. Iohn Alphonso of Guzman Earle of Niebla one of the turors chasing many of his seruants and followers out of the city On the other side Nugno Martinez of Villaycan captaine of the fort of Zamora not satisfied with the accord which had beene made by the meanes of the Archibsh of Toledo sent to the duke of Benauent to haue him approch and he would deliuer him vp the castle which he had in guard the duke posting thither could not effect this enterprise for that the inhabitants of Zamora being aduertised by some of the dukes men prouided for it whereupon the Duke returned and many that followed him did abandon him wherevpon the king sent the Archb. of S. Iames and the Master of Calatraua to assure the townes that were suspected but they were shut out of Toro the Inhabitants saying that they would not receiue any if the king were not in person but they entred into Zamora where as many knights of the dukes traine yeelded vnto them and soon after the king came But the Duke was aduertised thereof at the castle of Majorga belonging to the Infant D. Fernand by Iohn Alphonso de la Cerde who hauing bin high Steward of the Infants house and then displaced by the kings tutors substituting in his place Pero Suarez of Quignones Gouernor of Leon had through despight fallen to the Duke of Benauents partie Whilest that these contended in Castile the Deputies Portugal appointed to treat a peace with the King of Portugal during the truce which had beene prolonged came to Extremos in the yeare 1393. 1393. the Portugal demanding for a finall resolution these Articles following That they should giue in hostage the base sons of the duke of Benauent Demands of Portugall to Castile of the Earls of Gijon and of Niebla for the great men of Spaine had more base children then legitimate the nephewes of the Masters of S. Iames and Calatraua of the Arch-bishops of Toledo and S. Iames of Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça and of Diego Lopes of Estuniga But aboue all they demanded the Duke of Benauents son thinking he would not giue him vnlesse the king of Castile would deliuer the castle of Zamora into his hands the which they desired being assured that the Duke was wholy at their deuotion but when they vnderstood that he had fayled to enter that fort and that he began to be abandoned by many of the knights which had folowed him they became more tractable and yeelded to a turce for 15. yeares so as they would giue them in hostage the Earle of Gijons son and eleuen Knights sonnes more with 12. children of the cittizens of Burgos Toledo Leon Seuile Cordoua and Zamora yet would not the Deputies of Castile conclude this truce which was most beneficiall for Portugall but demanded some respite to aduertise the king and his tutors The king with his councell hauing considered the danger wherinto the home-bred toubles together with a forraine warre would draw them they yeelded to all the Portugals demanded namely not to ayde nor assist D. Beatrix the window Queen nor D. Iohn or D. Denis her Vncles This a truce was concluded for fifteene yeares betwixt Castile and Portugal The Court being in the cittie of Zamora the captaine of the castle refused for some daies to deliuer the place vp to the king Castile saying that his father Iohn Martines of Villaycan lately deceased being Gouernor of Zamora and He had held it by fealty and homage and that they might not deliuer it vp vntill the king were 14. yeares old complete but the tutors sought him by so many meanes and made him such promises that he should be recompenced for his fathers estates which had beene giuen to others as in the end he deliuered the palce into their hands for the which he was in effect recompenced They had promised him the gouernement of Ledesma which did belong to the Countesse of Albuquerque but they of the place refusing him for that they did not trust him he was otherwise prouided
his last acts Kings in Spaine mentioned in this eighteenth Booke ARRAGON 15. D. Martin 1. 16. D. Fernand 1. 17. D. Alphon 5. CASTILE and LEON 18. D. Iohn 2. and the 39. NAVARRE 32. D. Iohn 1. IN the reigne of King Henry the third it often appeered how vaine the enterprises of bad subiects are against a vertuous and innocent Prince for God did preserue this poore pupill from the ambitious rage of his Tutors Princes Prelats and great Lords of Castile ruining them by their owne discord And he did so much honour the royall Maiesty as when as this young Prince had taken vpon him the gouernment of the realme at the age of foureteene yeeres he deliuered them into his hands to punish them as their obstinate rebellion and ingratitude had deserued Being freed as we haue said of the Duke of Benauent the Queene of Nauarre and the Archbishop of Saint Iames and hauing by their example reduced the Earle of Transtamara and the Archbishop of Toledo to their duties there onely remained D. Alphonso Earle of Gijon his vncle who was reduced to that extremity as he was forced to vndergoe the censure of a strange Prince in a cause which concerned his honor his goods and his liberty the which he might haue enioyed with reputation yea much augmented his dignity if he had contained himselfe with modesty in the fauor of D. Henry King of Castile his naturall Prince According to the accord made at the seege of Gijon the King sent his Ambassadors to the French King to debate the causes he had to dispossesse D. Alphonso who hauing staied many daies in the court of France Proceeding against the Earl of Gijon the Earle of Gijon nor his Attorney appeering and the time of the assignation being expired they prepared for their returne when they had newes that their aduerse party was come to the coast of Brittaine and was comming towards Paris wherefore to giue more countenance to their cause they attended Being arriued hee spake with King Charles for his iustification accusing the King his Nephew that he sought to take his portion from him lying in Asturia Leon and Castile the which was asigned him by the deceased King D. Iohn his brother adding many other charges and excesse wherevnto the Ambassadors answered pertinently laying open the Earles ingratitude rebellion and conspiracy against the King his Lord and benefactor who had drawne him out of prison and restored him to all his goods the which King Iohn had iustly taken from him adding therevnto pensions Estates and honours and accusing him in particular of the violent vsurpation of the towne of Paredes of Naua and other tyranicall actions done by him hauing also refused to signe the truce of Portugal with many others acts of contempt and fellony concluding that hee ought to loose the Earldome of Gijon and to be wholy left to the discretion and will of the King his Lord so as in the proofes of these crimes exhibited by the Ambassadors in defence of their Princes actions hauing not any thing to reply publikely he gaue the Lords of the French Kings councell secretly to vnderstand that the ill will which the King his Nephew bare him incensed by his bad councellors who werre corrupt and mercenary proceeded from nothing else but that hee had alwaies opposed himselfe to the practises and secret intelligences which they had with the English in league with whom they would draw the King of Castile to the preiudice of the friendship and ancient alliance which was betwixt the houses of Castile and France wherefore he intreated them to deale so with King Charles as he would iudge fauorably of his cause causing his Estates and Lands to be restored to him againe promising all his life time to doe him good and loyal seruice The King desirous to reconcile Princes that wee neere in bloud caused the Ambassadors to be treated with about a prorogation of the assignation for they had protested that the time prefixt being expired through the Earles negligence and contempt to whom the King their master had caused three hundred thousand marauidis to be deliuered for the charges of his voiage and to take from him all excuse that they could no more appeere before him as before their Iudge yet they said that seeing the King of Castile their Lord had submitted himselfe vnto his Iudgment for the brotherly loue that was betwixt them notwithstanding that many of his councell had diswaded him holding it a disparragement for the soueraigne Prince to contend with his vassall and subiects before a strange Iudge and out of his country and iurisdiction They were of opinion that if the Earle Don Alphonso did willingly deliuer the towne of Gijon vnto the King of Castile and submit himselfe to his will and mercy that by his intercession the Earle should obtaine a safe conduit and assurance to come into Castile and so he should treat of his affaires more profitably then by any other course They withall made a request vnto King Charles in the name of the King their Lord that for the league which was betwixt the two Kings and realmes he would be pleased to command D. Alphonso to depart his country which the French King could not refuse and therefore he caused notice to be giuen vnto the Earle that he should retire himselfe commanding all Gouernors of Prouinces especially of port towns not to giue him any fauor or aide wherefore he went away in poore estate kept himself some daies about Rochelle The six monthes of truce concluded betwixt the King and him being many daies before expired and yet the Ambassadors had not written any thing concerning the conclusion of this sute there were some troupes of horse and foote sent about Gijon after which the King came with greater forces both by land and sea the which did so presse the place as the Contesse Donna Isabella of Portugal yeelded it compounding for her life and liberty and of some Knights that were within it and the deliuery of her sonne D. Henry whom the King held in hostage In the meane time letters came out of France from the Ambassadors contayning what had past in this cause wherewith the King was wel satisfied The miserable Countesse Isabella daughter to D. Fernand King of Portugal being destitute of all meanes went into France to her husband D. Alphonso who was poore Gijon yeelded vnto the King and the Earle dispossest and banished into France and without any helpe or fauour but from the Vicontesse of Touars in whose country he liued in the towne of Marant After the taking of Gijon the King went to Seuile to treat a truce with the Moores being sollicited by King Mahumet then reigning in Granado the third after the death of Mahumet the old who was bruted to haue poisoned the King D. Henry the second and this was his succession Mahumet Guadix the tenth King of Granado MAhumet surnamed Guadix after the death of Mahumet the Old his
him little for besides that the French King was not counselled to yeeld vp the places which he held especially in Normandy the friendshippe which the King of Nauarre had with the English was suspect and odious vnto him although this amity were not preiudiciall to the French but rather a Neutrality to the end they might liue in peace then a league Seing therefore that hee was not wellcome hee returned presently into Nauarre from whence soone after he sent the Cardinall of Pampelone who had retyred himselfe into Nauarre after that hee had endured many miseries in Auignon for Pope Benedict He vsed such dilligence and fit meanes as he made the French King and his councell willing to giue recompence to the King of Nauarre for his lands wherefore he was constrained to repasse the Pyrenees againe In the meane time died Iohn of Montfort duke of Brittaine husband to Ioane sister to this King Charles of Nauarre who had by her husband foure children Iohn who was duke Richard Arthur and Gyles This Princesse was afterwards married to Henry of Lancaster King of England fourth of that name he who depriued his cousin Richard of the crowne by him she had not any children Charls King of Nauarre hauing caused his sonne Charles to be sworne his heire by the Estates of his realme he married D. Ioanne his eldest daughter to Iohn the eldest sonne of Archambaud who had succeeded in the county of Foix and Bearn but the death of Mathew of Castelbon his second daughter called Donna Maria died a Virgin and as for the third Mary Queene of Sicile being a little before dead who by her testament had left this realme to D. Martin her husband sonne to D. Martin King of Arragon he thought to make her Queene of Sicile and to marry her to this young D. Martin being a widower He therefore sent his Ambassadors to the King of Arragon to this effect who was very well pleased and yeelded to the marriage although they had offred him many other marches for his sonne D. Martin King of Sicile and that the Sicilians did what they could to make him incline to a marriage with Ioane sister to Ladislaus King of Naples The accord was made betwixt the King of Arragon Marriage of D. Martin King of Sicile and D. Bâ—ancâ— of Nauarre and the Ambassadors both of Nauarre and Sicile amongst which was Peter Serra Cardinal of Cartanea at a place called Altuâ—a in the Realme of Valencia in the yeere of our Lord 1401. where it was concluded that the King of Nauarre should giue in dowry with his daughter a hundred thousand florins of the stampe of Arragon whereof forty thousand in hand and threescore thousand at a certaine time for the which he should giue in pawne the townes and castles of Arguedas Santa Cato Murillo and Gallipienço the King of Arragon should binde for her dowry the townes and castles of Sos Saluaterra Vncastillo and Rueste And for that they were somewhat allied by affinity there should be a dispensation procured from Benedict For confirmation and execution of these things the Kings of Arragon and Nauarre had an enterview vpon the confines of their Realmes betwixt Cortes and Mallen where they did sweare what had beene concluded With the King of Nauarre did sweare D. Lionel of Nauarre his brother D. Charles of Beaumont chiefe Standard-bearer D. Martin of Lacarra Marshal D. Francis of Villa Espeça Chancellor of the realme Iohn Ruys of Ayuar superintendant of the treasure and D. Martin of Olloaqui prior of Saint Iohn with others In like manner did many noblemen and prelats for the King of Arragon This don the King of Arragon was conducted to Cortes where hauing beene royally feasted by the King of Nauar the Infanta D. Blanch was deliuered vnto him a Princesse of excellent beauty whom he led into his country hauing prepared a fleet at Valencia he sent her into Sicile to the King D. Martin his son vnder the charge of D. Martin of Cabrera a Knight of Cattelogne in 1402. This Lady was in the end Queene of Nauarre for soone after the content of this marriage followed a discontent for the death of D. Lewis the second son to the King of Nauar being but sixe months old and not long after that of D. Charls his eldest Death of the two sonnes of Nauarre which two Infants are buried in the Cathedral church at Pampelone and D. Blanch suruiued her eldest sister D. Ioane The crowne of Nauarre fell then to the succession of daughters and the King caused D. Ioane his eldest daughter to be againe sworne heire of the realme with her husband D. Iohn of Foix. This same yeere the Episcopal sea of Pampelone was voide by the death of Cardinal Martin of Salua bishop of that city who had past the age of 66. yeeres in great trouble and paine to maintaine the party of Pope Benedict in Auignon D. Michel of Salua his Nephew obtained the Bishoprike after him who was afterwards made Cardinal by Pâ—pe Benedict in following of whom he died two yeeres after at Monaco The King of Nauarre being the third time called in France his voiage was then more proffitable vnto him then at the precedent for he obtained of king Charles the sixt the Lordship of Neâ—oâ—rs the which was erected to a Dutchy and moreouer twelue hundred pounds starling of yeerely rent to be taken out of the reuenues of Bry and Champagne with a good summe of ready money for all pretensions and rights the which he renounced seeing he could not doe otherwise Title of Earle of Eureuâ— ceaseth in the house of Nauaâ—re and taks that of duke of Nemours in respect whereof the title of Earle of Eureux ceased in the house of Nauarre taking that of Duke of Nemours The towne of Cherbourg in Normandy held in the King of Nauarres name by the Marshal D. Martin Henriques was by this accord deliuered to the French all letters and expeditions being ended the King D. Charles returned into Nauarre an other way for he past by Languedoc and Cattelogne where he visited the King D. Martin at Lerida with great content and pleasure to these two Princes allied Passing from thence by Sarragossa he came into his country where afterwards he gaue himselfe to building in many places yea two sumptuous pallaces one in Tafalla the other in Olite the which now fall to ruine Buildings of Charles the 3. King of Nauarre for want of reparations especially that of Olite where the Marshalls of Nauarre were accustomed to lodge and the Spaniards say that he had intent to make a paued causey and couered to passe at all times without discommodity from one of these places to the other being but a little league distant The bridge of Estella vpon the riuer of Ega was this Kings worke who for that he had liued in continuall peace had store of treasure to imploy in such buildings During his aboad in France there had beene some
of Nauarre after the decease of the Infant Don Iohn his father From Olmedo Castille the King of Castile came to Toledo to the Estates whether D. Henry the Constable and their confederates were cited who appeared not but sent their Ambassadors to make their excuses saying that they held for their professed enemies Don Sancho of Rojas Archbishop of Toledo D. Iohn Hurtado of Mendoça and many others and that they suspected the Infant D. Iohn wherewith the King beeing more incensed then before resolued to pursue them by armes wheresoeuer they were but Don Henry being aduertised and aduised promised to present himselfe before the King at Madrid by the fourteenth of May this yeare 1422. where he appeared a day before the Assignation An. 1422. Hauing kist the Kings hand beginning to enter into a discourse to excuse and iustifie himselfe the King would not heare him but sent him back to his lodging The day following there were produced in the Kings Councel fourteene of the Constable d' Aualos letters D. Râ—y de Aualos the Constable charged with treason by the which he was charged with treason and practising with the King of Granado against the King of Castile his Lord. They were openly read by Sancho Romero the kings Secretary who said that D. Diego of Fuentesalida Bish. of Zamora had giuen him them D. Henry and Garci Fernandes Manrique thinking to defend the Constables innocie and fidelitie were committed to prison by the Kings commandement and all the horses and furniture they had in Court seazed on The Constable and the Infanta D. Catherina being aduertised of what had past at Madrid they left Castile and retired to Balueda a castle in the realme of Valencia and the Gouernor Don Pedro Manrique fled to Tarassone wherefore the King caused all their goods to bee seazed commanding all Gouernors and Magistrates to apprehend them These letters did not seeme very certaine wherefore they of the Kings councell suspecting that they were counterfet as in truth they were they caused the Kings Attorney generall to frame an accusation against the Constable for that he had beene a confederate and fauourer of D. Henry when as the King was detained in Tordesilla and of the disorders which after followed by reason whereof his goods were seazed on for it did appeare that the letters were counterfet by the confession of Iohn Gracia of Guadalajara the Constables Secretary who betraying his Maister had himselfe counterfetted them and sealed them with his seale at Toledo for which crime he was executed at Vailledolit The King caused Gonçala Mexia to bee named Administrator of the Order of Saint Iames whereof the Infant D. Henry being in prison was Maister and did aduertise the King of Arragon of his detention and the causes The Constable and the Infant D. Catherina being retired to Valencia they were well entertained by them that did gouerne those realmes in the absence of D. Alphonso of Arragon who was at Naples whereat D. Iohn King of Castile was so much discontented as he sent his Ambassadors into Italy to the K. of Arragon to complaine of this factâ— About the end of this yeare 1422. King Iohn had by Queene Mary his wife Death of the Archb. of Toledo a daughter borne at Ilesca who was named D. Catherina and about that time D. Sancho of Rojas Archbishop of Toledo died at Alcala of Henares in wose place was substituted Don Iohn of Contreras Deane of the â—ame Church and borne at Riaxa The Infanta D. Catherina was declared and sworne heire of the Realme of Castile the yeare following 1423. at the Estate of Toledo if the King her father should die without heires male for such was the custome of Spaine There the truce betwixt Castille and Portugall was renewed for twenty nine yeares with a condition that if hereafter the one should offer to make warre against the other hee should giue him warning 18. moneths before A sinceritie which is contemned in this age whereas they seeke to surprise one another by any secret and indirect meanes This truce was proclamed the court being at Auila And sonne after the king Don Iohn beeing at Vailledolit there came ambassadours from D. Alphonso King of Arragon to excuse the reception which had beene giuen at Valencia to the Infanta D. Catheriâ—n and the Constable Don Ruis Lopes of Alualos and to acquaint the king of Castile with the successe of the warre of Neples whereas they king of Arragon was busied This Prince who was famous not onely among all them that had raigned in Arragon Arragon but in all the rest of Christendome had this occasion to vndertake the warre of Naplees after the decease of king Ladisâ—aâ—s his sister Ioane the second window to the Duke of Esterlic hauing succeeded in the Realme as shee was infamous by reason of the familiatity which was more then did befiâ— the greatnesse of a Queene Vnchastnesse of loane 2. Quene of Neples which she had with Pandolfello Alope a Knight of Naples being held to be one of the goodliest men of his time Shee to couer their loose life contracted marriage with Iames of Bourbon Earle of Marche a Prince of the bloud Royall of France vppon condition that he should not intitle him selfe king nor should not meddle with the gouernement of the Realme but as she pleased The Earle being come to Naples he soone discouered what past betwixt the Queene his wife and Pandolfello wherefore being mooued with a iust disdaine hee caused the adulterer to be slaine and depriued the Queene of the gouernement hauing punished her onely with words and reproches The Queene dissembling her discontent against the Earle watched a fit oportunity to be reuenged wherein she wrought so by her practises and intelligences as she not onely recouered her liberty but she put the Earle her husband into prison who beeing afterwards freed by the intercession of Pope Martin retired into France leauing the Queene to liue after her owne appetite Pope Martin who was molested by the faction of Vrsins the chiefe whereof was Braccio Fortebracci hee made a strict league with this Queene by the which she promised to ayde him with three thousand horse Pope Martin euemy to Queene calls in Lewis Duke of Aniou and other things but their friendship was soone dissolued and Pope Martin to annoy Queene Ioane did inuest in the Realme of Naples Lewis Duke of An-ion called the third who was sonne to Lewis the second and of the Infanta D. violant of Arragon and declared Queene Ioane fallen from it and depriued thereof wherefore Lewis began to league himselfe in Italy with many Princes and Potentates namely with the Commonweale of Genoua who were mighty at sea from whom he was ayded to conquer the Realme of Naples with thirteene gallies whereof Baptist Fregoso was Generall These things beeing come to the knowledge of King D. Alphonso who was newly aduanced to the Crowne of Arragon beeing young and desirous of
the yere he caused both gold and siluer to be coyned of a good Standard His residence at his first comming to the crowne was at Belin there his brother the Infant D. Pedro the Traueller duke of Coimbra came and kist his hands and sware vnto him fealty and homage The first yeare of his raigne and the second of the age of his sonne Don Alphonso hee caused him to be sworne the lawfull heire of the Crowne by the assembled at Sintra and would haue him called Prince Title of Prince first vsurped by the eldest sonne 〈◊〉 Portugall a title first vsurped by him in Portugall following the example of the eldest of other Christian kings his neighbors in Spaine After this solemnitie he caused the bodie of the king his father to be transported whose obsequies were the most royall and stately that euer were made for any king of Portugall For two moneths space that he lay in the cathedrall Church there were thirtie Masses sayd euery day and an aniuersarie once a weeke the bodie beeing accompanied and watched euery night by a great number of clerkes and religious men Stately funerals of King Iohn of Portugal singing diuers suffrages for the soule of the deceased The bodie beeing to be transported it was layed vpon an high bed garnished with many banners and trophees and it was watched in the night by the Infant Don Pedro beeing accompanied by a great number of gentlemen Don Fernand Arch-bishop of Braga the kings nephew doing the seruice who the next day sung Masse in his pontificall habit with great state ceremonie after which and the Sermon made by Friar Giles Lobo the kings Confessor the bodie was layed vpon a chariot and conducted by the new street where there was another Sermon made a third in S. Domingo after which it was accompanied with a great procession out of the towne and conducted by the king and the Princes to the Monasterie of S. Denis of Oduiella distant a league and an halfe from Lisbon where it rested that night where as the Infant Don Henry Master of the Order of Christ with his commanders watched from thence it was carried to Villafranca where they made another pause the Infant Don Iohn Master of Saint Iames with his Commanders watching that night Passing on the next day with the like pompe they came to Arcoentre where it rested againe and the bodie was watched by the Infant D. Fernand Master of Auiz with his commanders Continuing the next day they came to Alcouaça where they made the fourth pause and there watched D. Alphonso Earle of Barcellos brother to the Infants aboue-named accompanied by his two sonnes Don Diego Earle of Oren and Marquis of Valencia and Don Fernand Earle of Arroyolos and Marquis of Villavitiosa in all which places there was Euensong and vigils sayd at night when it arriued and in the morning before it parted Masse being sung pontifically by the abbot of Alcouaça and the Bishops of Ebora and la Garde in all places in the end they came to the Hermitage of Saint George in the place of battel with the like procession pompe and ceremonie as they came out of Lisbone The Hermite came foorth to meet it and did accompanie it to the royall Monasterie of the battell where it was receiued and layd in a royall sepulchre with great and sollemne Masses and other ceremonies Modesty of the Infant D. Pedro and his â—â—her vertues and very rich offerings where as aboue all others the pietie and filiall duty of the Infant D. Pedro was remarkable in which good and kind offices hee continued towards king Edward his brother in the gouernement of the affaires of the realm committed vnto him This Prince is much commended by the Portugals for his modestie affirming that he would neuer suffer any one to kisse his hand nor to speake to him kneeling nor to vse any other tearmes of submission accustomed to great men Hee loued learning and learned men greatly and himselfe did write some Treaties of the gouernement of Princes and made some traductions out of the Latine tongue into the vulgar Portugal not without learning and iudgement He had a particular deuotion to Michael the arch-angell as he was instructed by the Diuines of that age wherefore he carried a ballance for his deuice and was a great builder of Temples and holy places He caused Saint Michael of Penela and Auero to be built and in the same towne he was the founder of the Monasterie of Piety of the preaching Friars and of the church of Tentuble and of the hospitall of Saint Eloy he made a collegiall Monasterie as it is at this present Besides which buildings hee caused the Estates to be built in the city of Lisbon to lodge Courtiers to ease the inhabitants of that troublesome and many times preiudiciall subiection This Prince was husband to Donna Izabella of Arragon daughter to Don Iames Earle of Vrgel and of D. Izabella Infanta of Arragon daughter to Don Pedro the fourth of that name Of D. Iames I say who thinking to raigne in Arragon after the decease of D. Martin rebelled against the determination of the arbitrators who had chosen Don Fernand of Castile for King the which cost him his libertie and estates goods and dignities whereof being depriued he dyed a prisoner The Infant Don Pedro had by this Ladie Donna Izabella Don Pedro who was third Constable of Portugall who in the warres which the Cattelans had against Don Iohn king of Nauarre heire to his brother Don Alphonso King of Arragon he was chosen King of Arragon and dyed in that warre with that title Moreouer he had Don Iohn future king of Cypres husband to Donna Izabella whome Don Alphonso the fifth of that name her cousin germaine married a princesse hauing her deuotion and hope directed to Saint Iohn the Euangelist in whose honor shee caused the Monasterie at Lisbon to be built dedicated to him on the toppe of Euxobregas With these two sonnes he had D. Philippe who liued a religious woman in the Monasterie of Odiuelas and was so giuen to studie as she translated into the Portugal tongue a worke of Laurence Iustinians Patriarke of Venice and of Aquilea founder of the Order of S. George of Alaga moreouer Don Iames and Donna Beatrix who were retired after their fathers decease by Donna Izabella Dutchesse of Bourgondie their aunt Don Iames was aduanced to spirituall liuings afterwards made a Cardinall and Arch-bishop of Lisbone and Donna Beatrix was married to the Lord of Rauestein nephew to the Duke of Bourgondie Cardinall dyes a virgin This Cardinall dyed a Virgin as they say at Florence where he was buried in the time of Pius the second In the beginning of the yeare 1431. there had beene a generall councell called Councel of Basil the which was continued by Pope Eugenius Successor to Martin the fifth in the cittie of Basill this yeare 1433. but afterwards the fathers were diuided and the Pope
matters succeeded as followeth After that king D. Alphonso being called back into Spaine for matters which concerned him nere namely for the imprisonment of his brother D. Henry had left Naples Queen Ioane and her adopted sonne Lewis of Anjou had some time of breathing and means to recouer the city of Naples and other places of the realme there only remained Iohn Anthony of Vrsins Prince of Tarentum a partisan to k. D. Alphonso who made head against Lewis duke of Aniou the duke making war in Calabria was surprized with a burning feuer whereof he died at Cosenza in the yere 1434 not leauing any children Death of Ioane Queen of Naples and her will and the same yeare dyed Queen Ioane also leauing by her will whether it were true or counterfeit Rene of Aniou duke of Lorraine and Bar brother to Lewis deceased heire of the realme of Naples who was at that time a prisoner in the hands of Philip Duke of Bourgondie by reason of the warre betwixt the French and the English for whose libertie the Gouernors of the Realm chosen after the Queens death sent ambassadors into France but on the other side those that were affected to the house of Arragon as the Prince of Tarentum Iohn Anthony of Marzan Duke of Sessa Christopher Gaetan D. Alphonso 〈…〉 back to Napies Earle of Fondy and Roger his brother with other Noblemen and knights which held Capua called backe King Alphonso who a little before was come into Sicily hauing left the Queene D. Maria his wife Regent in Arragon and had led his breethren with him D. Iohn king of Nauarre who had left the gouernement to D. Blaâ—che his wife Queene proprietarie of the Realme D. Henry and D. Pedro who being dispossessed of all they held in Castile had retired themselues vnder the fauor of the kings their breethren with them and many Noblemen and Knights as well Spaniards as Sicilians King Alphonso past into the Realme of Naples and came and landed at Gayeâ—e in which place were besides the Inhabitants and other souldiers of the countrie 300. Geneuois vnder the command of Francis Spinola of Genoua sent by Philippe Maria Angelo Duke of Milan vnder whose protection the common-weale of Genoua was at that time and who held the partie of René Duke of Anjou The beseeged seeing themselues prest aduertised the Duke of their extremity and what need they had of succors whereupon he presently gaue order to prepare an armie at Genoua of the which Blaise Araxeto was General beeing accompanied by Elisa Spinola Iames Iustinian Galiot Lomelin and other famous Captaines expert at sea Army sent 〈…〉 suecor Gaycte who directed their course towards the Iland of Ponce wherof king Alphonso who was before Gayete beeing aduertised hauing nineteene great ships and eleuen gallies he left onely fiue to continue the seege and resolued to go in person with the rest to encounter the enemie but he must first pacifie a question which was growne betwixt the King of Nauar for the generall conduct of the armie with his brother D. Henry either of them aspiring to haue it mooued with zeale to ayde their brother Hauing set sayle Don. Pedro hauing charge of the gallies the Kings and the Infants euery one apart well appointed came to incounter the Geneuois armie the which did consist of twelue great ships three gallies one galeasse and a foist Being in sight and within a league and a halfe one of another the Geneuois seemed as if they would not fight the kings army kept it selfe together till noone striuing to get the wind that they might fight with more aduantage In the meane time the gallies of Arragon discouered the enemies armie which approched neere vnto them finding that they had left three great ships behind as it were for a rereward Before they came to joyne the Generall of the Geneuois armie sent a trumpet in a boate to let the king of Arragon vnderstand that their intent was not to hurt him but they had onely put to sea to draw out of Gayete their souldiers cittizens and merchants of Genoua with their goods and merchandize and to transport them to Genoua The trumpet was detayned a good time during their consultation but the conclusion was that they must charge them for it was likely that the Geneuois had sent this trumpet for that they fainted and feared the Arragonois army The captaines and souldiers with great demonstrations of courage cryed out for battell and presently discharged their artillerie which the Geneuois did presently answer so as grapling ship to ship and galley to galley the fight was furious and cruell and continued long doubtfull vntill that the three great ships left by the Geneuois in the teereward hauing gotten a full wind came with great violence vppon the ships of Arragon and among others giuing the stemme to that in which King Alphonso was they made it lye on the one side and had so shaken and shattered it as it tooke in an aboundance of water and put the king and all them that were in it in great danger so as he was forced to yeeld to Iames Iustinian Gouernor of the Iland of Scio who took him into Spinola's ship The shippe wherein King Iohn did fight Prisoners taken in a battell at seâ— hauing lost her maine-yard yeelded and was taken by Galiot Lomalin Don Henry was prisoner to Cyprian de Mare With these Princes there were taken D. Diego Gomes of Sandoual Earle of Castro Xeris and two of his sons D. Iohn of Sotomajor who had beene Master of Alcantara Ruy Diaz of Mendoça the bald Fernando Aualos Chamberlaine to D. Henry and another Sonne of Don Ruy Lopes d'Aualos who had beene constable of Castile with many other Noblemen and Knights of Arragon Nauarre Cattelogne and Valencia and aboue 600. souldiers and marriners slaine The Infant D. Pedro leaping with the helpe of a cable from one galley to another escaped there were 13. ships taken and most of the gallies were burnt or sunke after they had spoiled them To conclude the Geneuois victorie was great memorable as well in regard of the prisoners as of the rich spoyles who shewed all curtesie and humanity for after the end of the fight they did set at liberty aboue 400. souldiers that were prisoners besides marriners retayning only the chiefe men wherein they did wisely and like souldiers for a multitude of prisoners of meane qualitie are but an incumber and it is an vnprofitable charge and doth many times make the vanquished take corage to rebell and to become Masters of them that hold them Among the multitude that were set at liberty there were many Knights of great worth escaped vnknowne That which gaue the aduantage to the Geneuois army was the 3. ships left in the rereward the abundance of scalding lime and wild-fire which they cast and finally that they were better sea-men then the Arragonois The victorious army approching neere to the Iland of Ischia
hundred horse and foure hundred foot who by their continuall courses held the country for many leagues round about in continuall alarme killing burning and carrying away all they incountred whereof there came daily complaints vnto the king of Castiles eares wherefore there were some troupes of horse sent to restraine their courses vntill there might bee a sufficient armie raised to beseege the place and the better to attend his warre the King reconciled certaine pettie quarrels which the Prince his sonne did cause and he granted libertie to the Admirall and Earle of Benauent for their persons restoring them to their Lands and Estates freely and moreoueer he suffered that Queene Ioane wife to the king of Nauarre should be deliuered into her fathers hands and kept by him vntill that the king of Castile should determine of her deliuerie to the king her husband D. Diego Gomes of Sandoual was also pardoned the King retayning his forts still for two yeares the like pardon was granted to his sonnes and to D. Iohn of Tobar Lord of Berlanga the fort of Berlanga did also remaine two yeares in the kings hands These things beeing thus ordered Siege of Atiensa the king went in person to the siege of Atiença the which was furiously battered and assayled with engins of warre and also with some iron Ordinance for the casting of brasse Ordinance was not then vsed in Spaine so as Roderigâ— of Rebolledo Captaine of the Garrison seeing himselfe thus prest gaue the King of Nauarre to vnderstand that if he were not releeued he could not hold it long wherupon the king of Nauarre who was not in case to rayse the seege sent to propound some meanes of a truce with him of Castile the which was granted vpon condition that the townes of Atiença and Torrijo should be deliuered into the hands of Mary Queene of Arragon for a certaine time limited during the which they should conferre of the meanes to make a good peace betwixt the two kings and if their quarrels could bee determined then the Queene should restore those two places to her brother-in-lawe the king of Nauarre All hostility ceasing by this meanes Choler of the King of Castile the king entred into Atiença whereas mooued by some vnknowne occasion without regard of that which had beene capitulated hee caused some houses to bee sacked and ruined and others to be consumed with fire so as a good part of the towne was burnt whereat the King of Nauarre was much offended and would no more stand to the accord nor deliuer the Castles and places to the Queene of Arragon reproching the King that he had broken his promise and giuing commandement to his souldiers that they should vse all acts of hostilitie and commit what spoiles they could in Castile the which they did and with such excesse as the king of Castile sent backe in the yeare 1446. 1446. Don Charles of Areillan Lord of los Cameros a great and famous Captaine to suppresse the robberies and insolencies of the Nauarrois in Atiença and against them of Torrijo Don Alphonso Carillo of Acugna newly made Arch-bishop of Toledo by the death of Don Guttiere Gomes of Toledo either of them hauing three hundred Lances but they of Torrijo made no great esteeme of the Arch-bishop nor of his followers making roades daily into the countrey and bringing great booties into their forts They of Atiença were held more short and curbed by Charles of Areillan The Arch-bishop hauing beene often beaten by the Nauarrois and lost many of his men the King commaunded Don Inigo Lopes of Mendoça that taking the Arch-bishoppes forces Torriio biseeged with some new that were assigned him he should continue the seege of Torrijo the yeare 1447. beeing well aduanced The seege was long notwithstanding that the towne was battered both with Arâ—illerie and Engines for Iohn de Puelles who defended it was a valiant and couragious Captaine and of great experience yet the continuance did so tyre him as finding daily the want of men victuals and other necessarie munition to endure a seege and beeing out of hope of succours from the king of Nauarre hee resolued to yeeld vp the place vppon very honorable conditions and retired his men and baggage safe into Arragon the towne and castle of Atiença remayning still in the power of the Nauarrois who in despight of Charles of Areillan issued forth and spoiled the country and moreouer they tooke Pegna of Alcaçar a fort in the territory of Soria from whence they did forrage and carry away aboundance of cattaile and other things which they sent to sell in Arragon where they had a safe retreat as in a country belonging to their Princes brother who was then at Naples well aduertised to his great griefe of all the troubles of Castile and the successe thereof doing what hee could to pacefie them both by letters and Ambassage yet fauoring his brother D. Iohn King of Nauarre This yeere 1447. Second marriage of Don Iohn King of Castile the King of Castile was married at Madrigall to D. Isabella daughter to the Infant D. Iohn of Portugal Maister of Saint Iames who was sonne to the King D. Iohn who was maister of Auiz This marriage was the Constables ruine the Queene being his enemy The King of Nauarre being come to the Estates of Arragon which were held at Saragossa at that time there to preside as Gouernor Generall in the absence of the King his brother he was sommoned by Doctor Surban and a Prouost of the Court sent Ambassadours from the King of Castile to deliuer vp Atiença as it had beene concluded which Ambassadours complayned to the Estates that they that spoiled the countrie of Castile had their retreat into Arragon whereunto answer was made that they would send an answer to the King of Castile by expresse Ambassadours and soone after they dispatched Don Iames de Luna Bishop of Tarrassone and Don Iohn of Ixar who found the king at Soria hauing charge to treat of a peace betwixt the two kings The King of Castile appointed them to follow him to Vailledolit whether he was prest to go the which they would not do and so they returned to Sarragossa without any conclusion In the meane time the Captaine who had suffered Pegna of Alcaçar to be surprized beeing ashamed to shew himselfe before the King by reason of his error hee sought to repaire it and surprized the fort of Verdejo in Arragon the which he gaue to the king his master who hauing set good garrisons vppon the fronters of Arragon hee went in great hast to Vailledolit This yeare dyed Pope Eugenius the fourth at Rome Amadeus of Sauoy called Pope Felix who had bin condemned by the Councell of Basill and in his place Amadeus D. of Sauoy was chosen who at that time was Deane of Saint Maurice of the congregation of Saint Augustin the hermitage of Ripaille in the Diocesse of Geneua who carried himselfe as Pope all
the time that Eugenius liued notwithstanding that hee had retayned his dignitie after whose death Nicholas the fift being chosen at Rome he renounced his Popedome hauing held it 9. years and fiue moneths the rest of his dayes hee passed with the title of Cardinall of Santa Sabina The reason which drew the king of Castile in such hast to Vailledolit was for that hee had beene aduertised there were some knights would stirre vp new troubles thither came Ambassadors againe to him from Arragon 1448. in the beginning of the yeare 1448. who hauing treated of many things in the end they concluded a truce for seuen moneths betwixt Castile and Nauarre whereof the garrisons of Nauarre beeing not aduertised in time they continuing their hostility in Castile they surprized the towne of S. Cruz of Campeço by scalado it belonging to Lope of Rojas whom they carried away with his wife and many others And moreouer the Gouernour of Albarazin seazed vppon the castell of Huelamo in the Bishoppricke of Cuenca the which hauing beene ill guarded by the Castillans was well worse by these so as Iohn Hurtado of Meudoça recoured it by the meanes of a Castillan souldier who was there in gouernement among the Naurrois The king of Castile sent into Nauarre to summon Prince Charles in consequence of the truce to deliuer Don Lope de Rojas and the towne of Santa Cruz the which was done A combate At that time a knight of Bourgondie called Iames of Lalain did fight a combate without any cause of quarrell but onely to make triall of his valour as it was the maner in those times against Don Diego de Guzman brother to the Lord of Torrija at Vailledolit Don Diego was sore wounded in the fore-head with a battell-axe after which they closed but the King casting his staffe parted the combate and did great honour to the Bourguignon Ambition and couetousnesse as they say haue neither bounds nor bottome the which shewes it selfe chiefly in such as haue the gouernement of great Estates whereof at that time Don Aluaro de Luna Constable of Castile was a notable president who not content with the happinesse to haue seene a dangerous League conspired to his ruine by so many Princes and great Noblemen broken himselfe restored to the Princes fauour and to triumph ouer his enemies but hee would plunge them into the like miserie as hee had escaped and wholly gouerne the king and Realme with Don Iohn de Pacheco the Princes Minion Practises of the Constable D. Aluaro de Luna and so diuide all the honours fauours and greatnesse of Spaine betwixt them Don Alphonso of Fonseca newly made Bishop of Auila was an apt Councellor for their deâ—â—eigne who was of opinion that they should cause some of the great ones who were offensiue vnto them to be committed to prison Hauing therefore mediated an enterview of the king and Prince betwixt Tordesillas and Villeverd the Court beeing very great and stately there were apprehended the Earles of Benauent and Alba Don Pedro and Suero of Quignones and Don Henry brother to the Admirall Don Frederick who was also vppon the rowle but beeing ill disposed he came not to this enterview so as hee escaped and so did Don Diego Gomes of Sandoual Earle of Castro Xeris who beeing either aduertised or doubting of some practise stayed at home and afterwards hauing aduice that the king came to Aguilar del campo and the Prince to Lerma to take the Admirall and him they both left their houses and retired to Nauarrette and from thence passed to Tudele where the King of Nauarre was whose faction was the accusation and colour of these imprisonments the Constable saying moreouer that they had conspired to kill him The Admirall and Earle of Castro were very kindly entertayned by the King of Nauarre who led them with him to Sarragossa where it was resolued that the Admirall should go to Naples to the King of Arragon to acquaint him with the gouernement of Castile and to sollicite him to come into Spayne to ayde them to recouer their rankes dignities and lands or else that he would giue them leaue to vse his forces of Arragon According to this Councell the Admirall embarked at Barcelona and went to Naples The king of Castile hauing no great confidence in Don Diego Manrique who had the guard of the frontier of Nauarre he forced him to leaue the forts of Ocon Nauarret and Treuigno and gaue them himselfe in guard to the Earle of Haro his Brother-in-law for one yeare These things thus done all the lands of them that were absent were seized on and put into the kings hands many Noblemen in Court beeing much offended at these violences but aboue all others they found the Earle of Albas imprisonment very strange who had alwaies shewed himselfe a faithfull seruant to the king and a partizan to the Constable and euery man examined his conscience many beeing terrified remembring that they had offended the King or the Prince in some light matters so as there were retreates made daily from Court without leaue with other confusions which made the king to see from whence the mischiefe came besides throughout all Spaine they spake plainely and boldly that the Constables ambitious desire to raigne in Spain had caused this tumult in Court and so wronged the Noblemen that were prisoners Don Alphonso King of Portugall sonne to Donna Leonora sister to the king of Nauarre beeing dead in Castile as it was thought of poyson beganne to apprehend it yea the King of Granado stirred in fauour of them that were so vnworthily poursued by the Constable wherewith the king of Castile beeing mooued hee had a desire to seize vppon the Constable yet distrusting the inconstancie of the Prince his sonne he durst not do it There were some troupes of horse and foote sent to the frontiers of Nauarre and Granado Moores of Granado incited by the king of Nauarre against Castile especially against the Moores who spoyled the Countrie of Murcia King Mahumet Aben-Ozmen beeing sollicited by the King of Nauarre to do the worst hee could to the Christians of Castile where all was full of seditions but these were practises vnworthie of a Christian Prince yet vsuall among the Princes of this world that are at warre who oftentimes make religion a vaile to couer their couetous and inordinate passions and affections Mahumet Coxo the 17. king of Granado THis Mahumet called Coxo Granado beeing come to the Crowne of Granado by the violence hee vsed against his vncle Mahumet maintained himselfe with the like art wherat many of the Knights of Granado beeing incensed they retired themselues to Montefrio a place which onely reiected the command of this tyrant beeing held by Andilbar who had beene high Marshall to King Mahumet the left-handed who entertayned an enemie to King Coxo to dispossesse him of the Crowne as hee had done his Vncle. It was the Infant Aben Izmael who hauing followed
of Langa During his small aboad in this place hee had newes that Queene Isabel his wife was brought in bed of a Sonne at Tordesillas who was named D. Alfonso The yeare following the King beeing at Auila hee sent for D. Lopes of Barriento Bishop of Ciqueça and Friar Gonçal of Illesca Prior of the Monastery of Guadalupe to make them of his counsell to the ende that hee might by their aduice reforme the great abuses past An. 1454. to effect the which hee resolued to rayse a power of eight thousand lances with an ordinary entertaynment and many other things Being in this discours hee felt himselfe to be much troubled with a quartaine ague which had held him some-time yet hee did not forbeare to trauell to Madrid and from thence to Vaylledolit where the Queene his wife was leauing the whole gouernment of his Realmes to the aboue named Bishop and Prior. His sicknesse increasing he made his testament and left to Queene Isabel the city of Soria Death of D. Iohn King of Castile with the townes of Madrigal and Areualo and to his sonne D. Alphonso the administration of the Maistership of Saint Iames whom hee would willingly haue made heire of his crowne and King of Castile and Leon if it had beene lawful so much he did mislike Prince Henry his eldest son for his disobedience and lightnesse To his daughter D. Isabella he gaue the towne of Cuellar with a great quantity of gold for her dowry He did not long suruiue his Constable but died of the violence of his quarten ague at Vailledolit in Iuly the same yeere 1454. hauing held the Realm 47. yeers being 49. yeeres old and fiue months his body was for that time lâ—ied in the Monastery of St. Pablo of Vailledolit to be transported to the Carthusians of Mirefleurs at Burgos as he had ordained by his testament The Constables death had reconciled the King of Nauarre vnto him and restored all the other Noblemen to fauour yea the Admiral D. Frederic who was then fled into Arragon notwithstanding hauing made to much hast to re-enter into Castile without an ample licence from the King hee had commandment to goe backe and not to returne into Castile vnlesse he were sent for vpon great penalties This King had resolued to make warre against D. Alphonso King of Portugal for the descoueries which he made vpon the Westerne coast of Affrike beyond Cap Verd towards Guinee saying these conquests did belong to the crowne of Castile but death brake of this desseigne and continued the peace of Portugal The Estate of which Realme after the death of King Edward had beene gouerned by the Infant D Pedro Portugal in quality of a Regent chosen by the Estates by reason of King Don Alphonsos yong yeeres D. Pedro had for his greatest Aduersary his brother D. Alphonso Earle of Barcellos and his sonnes the Earles of Oren and Arroyolos notwithstanding which contention King D. Alphonso beeing come to the age of sixteene yeeres married at Saint Iren with Donna Isabella daughter to the Infant D. Pedro receiuing the nuptial blessing from the hand of D. Fernand Archbishop of Braga D. Alphonso Earle of Barcellos sonne to King Iohn had obtained in the yeere 1448. of his brother D. Pedro Regent of the realme although they were in quarrell the Estate of Brangance in title of a Dutchie and the castle of Lotero by the decease of Don Gonçalo who held all those places This good turne was ill requited by the new Duke for he seeing him make no shew to giue ouer his Regency notwithstanding that the King had beene declared capable to gouerne his realme himselfe and being married he put a conceit into the Kings head that the Infant D. Pedro had caused Queene Leonora his mother to be poisoned in Castile and that he sought to doe the like to him that he might seize vpon the crowne For this cause the king did persecute D. Pedro his vncle so as he forced him to retire to Coimbra of which hee was Duke Being much incensed at this iniury hee had certaine practises with them of Lisbone to giue him entry and support in that city with his partisans and friends whereof he had many meaning to rebel against the king his Nephew These practises being discouered the king gathered together all the men he could with great secrecy to surprise D. Pedro vpon the point of the execution of his enterprise and came and incountred him as he was comming to Lisbone at a place called Aforrâ—beira Defeat and death of the Infant D. Pedro Duke of Coimbra where hauing fought with him vanquished and slaine him hee ended those troubles It may be the Infant was innocent of the death of Queene Leonora but if it be true that he caused poyson to be giuen her hee was paied with the like money for hee was slaine with a poisoned arrow There died many good knights in this battaile and amongst others D. Alâ—aro of Almada Earle of Abranches They did for a long time refuse to burie the Infants bodie in the royall Monastery of the battaile an argument of the kings great hatred and of the Duke of Bragança's against him yet they had cause to lament him for they wanted him in the Gouernment The duke of Bragance soone after demaunded the City of Porto and the towne of Guimaranes of the king the which hee gaue him Guimaranes receiued him but Porto would not in any sort for they would maintaine themselues for the king and so did Portalegre which the king had giuen vnto the Earle Don Sancho of Logrogno brother to D. Constance the Duke of Braganca's second wife being sister also to D. Pedro Archbishop of Lisbone In the yeere 1451. Marriage of the Emperor Frederic the 3 and D. Leonora of Portugal Donna Leonora the Kings sister was married to the Emperor Frederic the third duke of Austria and the betrothing was in the city of Lisbone by the Noblemen that were deputed by him hauing ful power and authority who afterwards conducted their Empresse by sea to Pisa being accompanied by the Marquis of Valencia by D. Lewis Coutin Bishop of Coimbra D. Lope of Almada Earle of Abrantes and other Noblemen of Portugal whose marriage was celebrated at Siena the yeere following 1452 In the which King Alphonso had a sonne by his wife called D. Iohn which liued little That yeere the body of the Infant D. Pedro vncle and father in law to the King was taken from Alberca where it had beene interred and transported to the castle of Abrantes or at the least his bones The coast of Affrike Descoueries of the coast of Affrikâ— by the portugals which discontented the Castillans towards the Westerne and South seas were at that time descouered by the Portugals who brought gold from Guinny whereof King D. Alphonso caused a certaine coyne to be made which hee called Croisats by reason of the Croisadoe graunted by Pope Nicholas the fifth to make warre
Iohn for the which great ioy feastings and gladnesse was made ouer all Spaine There came vnto the Kings being at Seuill an Ambassage from Muley Albohacen King of Granada with whom they were at peace notwithstanding hee had not paied the tribute which his Predecessors did vsually doe vnto Castile the which the warres of Portugall had constrained the Kings to dissemble till a fitter time These Ambassadours craued confirmation of the truce betwixt the Realmes and Kings of Castile and Granado the which was refused them vnlesse that Albohacen would send the arrerages due for the tribute but the Moores answered hauing expresse commission so to doe that the Kings of Granado who had beene tributaries to Castile were dead Braue answere of the Moorish Ambassadors and their bondes buried with them and that the money of Granado was no more coined of gold or siluer but the iron of launces dartes and many other such like weapons which they would turne vpon their enemies and deliuer themselues from all slauery and bondage This braue answere caused the Kings to thinke who were not yet freed from the Portugall warres that it was not good to draw so many enemies vpon them at once therefore they graunted them a truce beeing sufficiently aduertized that King Muley Albohacen was the best prouided of souldiers armour horses artillery and all other munition and more abounding in treasure by reason of the long peace hee had enioyed then any of the Kings of Granado his Predecessors King Don Fernand beeing highly offended at the rebellion of the Marshall Don Fernand Arrias de Sahauedra would haue had his proces made and haue punished him as a contemner of the royall Maiesty but diuerse of his frends and kinsfolke who were in the Kings fauour and their faithfull seruants did saue him from this daunger and obtained his pardon with restitution of all his offices and possessions The Admirall recouered the gouernment and captaineship of Tariffa with the castle thereof the which was giuen to his brother Don Pedro Henriques Gouernor of the frontiers of Andaluzia who placed therein Pedro de Godoy from whom the three castles of Carmona had beene taken and were giuen to Don Guttiere de Cardegna who therewith was promoted to the great Commanderie of Leon because Don Alphonso de Cardegna who had beene great Commaunder was elected and confirmed Maister of Saint Iames alone and the last that hath beene Maister of the same Order the which dignity with the rest of the Maisterships hath euer since continued in the hands of the Kings of Castile the Princes and their prudent Councell hauing considered and well weighed with themselues that these Maisters were ordinarily followed by great numbers of Knights of their Order men of warre who had for the most part made such tumults and factions in the Realme of Spaine as they haue not let for to make heads against their owne Kings Queene Isabella would willingly haue had the Maistership of Saint Iaimes to haue beene for euer after extinct but shee could not obteine it The King her husband leauing her at Siuill returned to Trugillo where he made Sancho de Auila captaine of the castle These matters happened in the yeere 1478. An. 1478. in the begining whereof Philip Archduke of Austria was borne who was sonne to Maximillian as then King of the Romaines Birth of Philip of Austria and to Donna Maria the heire of Bourgondy Flanders and other great Dominions this Philippe was husband vnto Donna Ioane of Castile who succeeded King Fernand and Queene Isabella her father and mother in all their Kingdomes of Spaine At the same time King Iohn of Arragon beeing laden with many yeeres and neere to his end Arragon and Nauarre was desirous to see and conferre with his sonne King Fernand concerning the affaires of Nauarre Arragon Sicill and his other Dominions hee therefore sent to request him if the Portugall warres would permit it to meete him at Victoria 〈◊〉 last enterview of Don 〈…〉 of Arragon and Don Fernand of Castile father and sonne King Fernand beeing wonderfull ioyfull to see his father came thither before him where the King of Arragon soone after arriued accompanied with a great number of Lords and Gentlemen chosen amongest the ancientest of Nauarre Arragon and his other countries so as the beholding of such a company of reuerend old men was very notable and to bee admited for the youngest amongest them was aboue three score yeeres of age all of them in decent habits befitting their yeeres and yet differing one from an other The sonne beeing gone forth to meet the father they did a great while striue about complement and ceremonies and the King of Arragon would neuer suffer his sonne of Castile to kisse his hand neither would hee take the place of him but they entred into Victoria the father riding on the lower hand of the sonne and when they were come before the lodging which was prepared for the King of Arragon and both of them on foote as soone as the father perceiued that it was his owne lodging hee seemed to bee very sorry as though hee had committed a great fault and said You my sonne who are Lord and head of the Royall house of Spaine The King of Arragon the father giueth precedence 〈◊〉 the King of Castile his son from whence wee are descended ought to receiue from vs all honour reuerence and seruice due vnto you in regard the obligation which in this respect wee owe vnto you as to our King and superior is stronger then that of the sonne towards the father therefore take horse againe and I will accompany you to your lodging for reason commaunds it to bee so And King Fernand was constrained so to doe thorough the great importunity of his father who went with him to his lodging where hee left him and the olde King rode backe againe vnto his owne For the space of twentie daies that these two Kings remained in Victoria the father did still giue the honour vpper hand and preheminence in all matters to the sonne were it in sitting or rising vp and in speaking walking and keeping of company in writing and in euery other thing belonging to honour and dignitie wherein great Lords vse ceremony and complement to honour one an other with Wherevpon their arose a disputation and controuersie betwixt the Lords and Knights of the Court to weet whether it a were a seemely and a decent matter for a father to shew such great submission to his sonne who beside beeing his father was also his guest being an vsuall thing alwaies to honour and giue the places to those whom wee receiue into our houses albeit hee were of meaner quality then our selues and whether the sonne did well to receiue and accept of these honours The Spaniards thought that either of them had done that which was fit Now the chiefest communication betwixt these two Princes at this enterview was concerning the affaires of Nauarre touching
enemies as entring into the suburbes they made a pittifull slaughter of all those which could not soone enough get into the city against the which the cannon beeing planted the flankes and curtines were soone ouerthrowne and infinite numbers of houses perced thorow so as the Moores fearing to bee sooner forced by the enemies then succoured by their friends yeelded themselues and went forth of the towne with bagge and baggage Illora yeeldeth to King Fernand and without their armes The King gaue the garrison of Illora to Don Gonçalo Hernandes de Cordoua brother to Don Alphonso d'Aguilar who was afterward surnamed the great captaine The army after that marched to Moclin whether Queene Isabella came to ioyne with the campe at Loxa The towne had beene newly fortified with towers and bulwarkes more then in former times but the battery was made with such store of ordinance as nothing could resist it the Christians besides did vse diuers kindes of artificiall fiers the which did great hurt to the beseeged and burnt all their store of gunpoulder by meanes of a pot of this wild fire which flew in the ayre and did stick fast in a tower where the said poulder lay which was blowne vp into the ayre wherewith the Moores being amazed Moclin taken they did compound to depart with their liues and goods saued Moclin being taken part of the army was sent to beate Montefrio they were the troupes of Siuill Xeres and Carmona whilest the King with the residew thereof made spoile vpon the confines of Granado not without diuers incounters and sharpe skirmishes with the Moores who came forth of the head city The King being returned to Moclin the captaines of Montefrio and Colomera presented themselues vnto him demanding composition which was granted them and the Moores went forth of those two places to Granado with their goods but they left their armor weapons and victuals behind them All these places which were taken were rampired and fortified with good garrisons victuals and other necessaries and hauing left D. Frederike de Toledo sonne to D. Garcy Aluares of Toledo Duke of Alua captaine generall of the who country newly conquered the King and Queene returned to Cordoua Not long after they marched towards Leon to order the affaires of Galicia which was greatly troubled by the insolency of the Earle of Lemos who neuerthelesse appearing before the Kings did humbly craue his pardon and obtained it being fauoured by diuers great Lords of the Court Hee was notwithstanding enioyned not to enter into Galicia for a certaine time and the places of Ponferrada Sarria and Castro-real were taken from him and were applied to the crowne the Kings neuerthelesse giuing a certaine summe of money for the marriage of his aunts The Hospitall of Saint Iameâ— built by King Fernand and Queene Isabel for the releese of pilgrims These things thus ordered the Kings went to visit Saint Iames his Church in the which city they builded a goodly Hospitall for the releefe of the poore and of pilgrims from thence fetching a circuit round about the country of Galicia they redressed diuers tyranies which were there committed restoring diuers monasteries and Churches which were by force dispossessed of their goods lands and reuenewes by certaine Knights and Gentlemen To containe whom and all others in their duties they established a Iudgement seate of foure Auditors which was the beginning of the Royall Audience of Galicia and they confirmed Don Diego Lopes Earle of Haro in his dignity of Viceroy of the country as he had beene in time before And the better to procure the peace of the countrey Mâ—tinous and quaâ—re some 〈◊〉 sent forth of the Country vnder coâ—tlar of other imployment they caused diuerse strong houses to be ouer-throwne and razed to the ground which serued for the repaire of theeues and robbers and carried away with them out of Galicia diuerse mutinous and quarrellous Gentlemen to the end they should employ their strength and courage in the warre against the Moores The Court beeing returned to Benauent the Earle shewed himselfe very liberall and magnificent in the entertainment of the Kings and the great Lords from thence they came to Salamanca where they spent the remainder of this yeare 1486. It hapned this yeare in the towne of Trugillo that the Iudge or Corrigidor of the place hauing laide hands vpon a Priest for committing some notorious crime and not sending him so one enough to his ordinary Iudge Mutiny vnder shâ—w of religion the prisoners kins folke hauing taken a Crosse in their hands ranne vp and downe the Citty crying out for helpe and said that the holy Catholicke faith was trodden vnder foote the which did so stirre vp the brutish multitude as they ranne to take Armes and came in tumultuous manner to the Corrigidors lodging who was glad to make hast to deliuer the prisoner whereof the King and Queene had notice who were greatly displeased with such seditions and sent certaine Iudges and Commissioners to Trugillo with forces who executed diuerse of the mutiners according to lawe This yeare Christopher Colombus borne at Cugurco vpon the riuer of Genoa came to the Court of Castile The first comming of Christopher Colombus to the King and Queene of Castile who made offer to search the Occidentall Ocean where hee did vndertake to discouer a great land riche and aboundant in gold and other commodities crauing ayde of the King and Queen of money and shippes to furnish him out on such a voyage Colombus was a man very expert in Nauigation and vntill that time hee had gotten his liuing by making Sea Cardes Hee beeing married and dwelling in the Isle of Madera a shippe of Biscay which had for many dayes beene driuen vp and downe by tempests and cast vpon the same coasts whereof hee did then speake did happen to arriue in the Island Colombus brought the Pilot thereof and three other Marriners home to his house who hauing endured much misery at sea did there dye and in recompence of their kinde entertainment they did amply informe their hoast whereabout these lands lay and with what windes a man might saile thether Colombus being a man of a quick apprehension and great courage came to King Iohn of Portugall hoping to perswade him to vndertake that Nauigation offering him his seruice therein and after that to King Henry the seauenth of England in the end to Don Henriques de Guzman Duke of Medina Sidonia and to Don Lewis de la Cerde Duke of Medina Celi who held commodious Hauens in Castile beseeching them to ayde him in so worthy an enterprise but all his trauaile was to no purpose for they esteemed him as an Italian who by bragges and vaunts of matters which hee knew not endeuoured to releeue his pouerty Now this yeare hee came to Court with letters from Frier Iohn Peres de Marchena one excellently learned in all humane learning who dwelt at Rauida which gaue good testimony of Colombus
be hereafter declared Don Alphonso de Cardegnas Master of Saint Iames beeing dead this yeare King Fernand retayned the Mastershippe The Mastership of S. Iames in beâ—ings hands in quality of administrator not suffering any new election to be made as hee had done the like to that of Calatraua with the selfe same considerations and reasons who by the Popes authoritie remayned Administrator of them Don Alphonso was then the Master of the same Order and the three and fortieth in order and continuances the same was done to the Order of Alcantara the which three dignities were since that incorporated to the Crowne by Pope Adrian the sixth in the time of the Emperour Charles the fifth who was heire to the Kingdomes of Castile The same yeare the Kings of Castile were altogether rid of King Mahomet Boabdellin the Little who beeing impatient of the daily sollicitations which were made to him for to become a Christian and to receiue the water of Baptisme did sell all the lands and right which had beene giuen him by the capitulations at such time as hee deluered vp the Cittie of Granado for foure-score thousand Duckets and with his family retired himselfe into Affricke There were new teares and lamentations renewed when his owne mother vpbrayding him sayd That it well became him to put finger in the eye and weepe like a woman for the losse of his dignitie and pallaces seeing that hee could not defend them like a man He was kindly welcommed and receyued by the King of Fez but within a few yeares afterwards he was slaine in his fierce and intestine warres against the Xerifs The Spanish Authours set downe for a memorable matter that the Kingdome of Granado beganne and ended two kings of Castile of one selfe same name raigning namely Ferdinand and the first and last King of Granado were called Mahomet At the same time the Earledome of Rossillon was restored to King Fernand by the French king The Earledome of Rossillon restored to King Fernand. Charles the eighth who hauing vndertaken at the entreatie and request of Lewis Sâ—orza named the Moore who did vsurpe the Dutchie of Milan the Conquest of the Kingdome of Naples did feare least the King of Castile should in his absence enterprise vpon France in regard of the strife and contention about the sayd Earledome Wherefore to free and acquit himselfe from that feare and suspition hee yeelded it vnto him and renewed the peace and allyances betwixt the Kingdomes of France Castile and Arragon but it was euill and vnfaithfully kept Wherein the Kings chiefe Councellours did greatly stand him in stead namely Steephen Petâ—de vâ—rs and Friar Alphonso of Albi and namely the holy man Friar Francis de Paule who died at Plessis les Tours certaine of whose letters are yet extant which he wrote therevppon and to the same effect to King Fernand. It was concluded in this agreement that King Ferdinand of Castile should not giue ayde nor assistance to the King of Naples whereby it appeareth that this Catholicke King knew well how to vse the vncharitable rule which sayes that Charity begins by it selfe King Ferdinand vnchaâ—itable For he to recouer the Earledome of Rossillon without restitution of the money which King Iohn his Father had borrowed of King Lewis the eleuenth did not greatly care to leaue the honour state and life of his coosin germaine and brother in law Ferdinand King of Naples for a prey to the French or at the least hee promised it and swore so to the French King notwithstanding that hee afterward changed his minde King Ferdinand and Queene Isabell hauing remained for a while in Cattalonia and afterward at Saragossa they came to Valiodolit where Don Roderigo d'Vlloa beeing deceased who was one of the superintendents of the treasure which they call Cantador major they suppressed that superintendencie retaining no more but the two that remained namely Don Guttiere de Cardenas great Commander of Leon and Don Iohn Chacon gouernor of the frontier of Murcia Beeing departed from Valiodolit to Medina del Campo they receiued newes of the death of King Ferdinand of Naples whom his sonne Don Alphonso Duke of Calabria succeeded The King at the same time had called in the towne of Tordesillas a Chapter of the order of Saint Iames and reformed certaine abuses and there the differences were compounded betwixt Castile and Portugall about the Indian nauigation Wee haue declared how that Pope Alexander had granted by his Bull dated at Saint Peters Portugal this present yeare one thousand foure hundred ninety and three and the first of his Popedome 1493. the west Indies to the Kings of Castile Now for to limit the Streights betwixt Castile and Portugall The Pope â—imits the Spaniards and Portugals nauigation he did draw a line or a meridionall in the Globe from the Poles of the North to the South leauing a hundred leagues distance to the Portuguze towards the West from one of the Isles to Cape vert to make their nauigation of Affrick and the East Indies wherewith the King of Portugall was highly displeased and complained in such sort to the Pope that the Kings of Castile entreated that the nauigation might bee left free to him towards the west The Portugals nauigation limited towards the VVest of foure hundred leagues and the Isles and lands within the same reputed for his conquest wherewith the King of Castile was not onely contented but added to it threescore and ten leagues more so as the Portugalls nauigation in all did stretch from the Isles of Cape vert towards the west foure hundred and seauenty leagues passing the meridionall by that point round about the globe The Moluccos founa to bee within the nauigation of the Castillans but time made it manifest that the King of Portugall thereby did smally better his condition for the riche Islands of the Moluccos from whence the spices come are found to bee within the streight of Castile this Transaction was passed the seauenth day of Iune in the yeare one thousand foure hundred ninety and foure Now King Iohn thinking that the Moluccos were his part hee sent certaine Caruels this yeare to seeke a passage by the Affrican sea towards the East but they went not farre beyond the Cape of Good hope wherefore the King beeing very desirous that in his dayes this vnknowne nauigation might bee practised The King of Monicongo receiues the Christian religion could not haue that good hap for hee did not liue this yeare In his time neuerthelesse the kingdome of Manicongo in Guiney was discouered the King whereof with the most part of his nobility were Baptized King Iohn beeing oppressed with continuall melancholy for the death of his sonne Prince Alphonso hee fell into a dropsie which by little and little brought him to his end not without suspition that his disease was procured or augmented by poyson hee neuerthelesse made his abode in the Citty of Lisbone and
two gentlemen of Arragon and did see them fight with those ceremonies which were then vsed in combats both in Spaine and elsewhere the report whereof it may be will not be vnpleasing vnto the Reader for that now they are left off and they proceed after another maner Peter Toreilla and Ierome Anca for so the contendants were named both borne at Saragosse great friends before and alied yong and fierie neither of them being yet fiue and twenty yeares old falling out at play they had beene already in field vnaccompanied with their rapiers and cloakes where it happened that after many thrusts and blows and neither hurt either of them hauing very good knowledge in his weapon Anca with an ouerthwart blow strucke his aduersaries weapon out of his hand who seeing himselfe disarmed confessed generously that he was vanquished But he intreated Anca to do him this curtesie to rest satisfied with the victorie and not to tell any one that they had bin in field as their quarrell was also secret and no man had beene acquainted therewith the which he hauing promised they imbraced each other and returned good friends to their lodgings thinking that not any one had seene them fight Two or three dayes after Toreilla vnderstood that all the court talked of this fact whereat beeing much grieued hee blamed Ierosme Anca saying that hee had fayled of his promise and that through vanitie and to dishonour him he had published that which had passed betwixt them Anca protested that hee had neuer spoken of it but one had told him that a Curate of the next village walking at the time of their fighting about a troup of his that was feeding had seen them fight had told it for the which hee was sorry The Curate being demanded touching this matter answered doubtfully seemed to speake all in fauour of Ierosâ— Anca which did confirme the other in his opinion that he had broken his faith so as hee told him resolutely that he had done at act vnworthie of a knight of honour and that he must do him reason by arms who admitting no excuse he made his petition to the emperour that he would be pleased to graunt him the combate against his enemy to make it knowne that hee was a traitor disloyall and vnworthy to beare the name of a gentleman and withall hee sent him a challenge The emperour reâ—erred this difference to the iudgement of his Constable D. Inigo Fernandes of Velasco who did what hee could to reconcile theÌ„ but seeing there was no means he put them into the field with the formalties vsed in those times In the publike place at Vailledolit there was a plot measured out which was 50 paces long 36 broad railed rouÌ„d about On either side loÌ„g waies without the lists was a scaffold set vp one on the one side for the emperor the other for the Constable either of them being couered with rich tapestrie in them chaires couered with cloth of gold At the other two ends were two other scaffolds built lower for the kinsemen and friends of the coÌ„batants and ioyning to either of them was a pauilion in which the chaÌ„pions shold take their armes the place had bin made very euen and couered with sand that they should not slip About 11 of the clock the emperour came accompained with a great nobility the marshals of the field and his gards both of horse foot Being set in his seat vnder a cloth of estate they deliuered a golden rod into his hand the which being cast by him should part the combat Soon after came the Constable with a graue setled countenance being aboue 60 yeres old he did weare a long roabe of cloth of golde and was mounted vpon a Genet of Spaine richly furnished hauing alighted from his horse hee came and past before the emperour to whom he made a low obeysance there marching before him forty gentlemen a Squire carrying the royall sword shethed as his Maiesties lieutenant and after him another Squire carrying the Constables armes and his coat of armes After whome came other gentlemen pages or young Squires richly apparrelled in blew satten imbrodered with gold and siluer Hauing in this pompe gone about the campe and viewed it he went vnto his seat which was right against the emperour whose gards did presently compasse in the field without the lists Then Toreilla the challenger presented himselfe being accompained by his godfather the duke of Beiar Albuquerque the admirall of Castille and many other noblemen and gentlemen hee was attyred in a short Iuppe of silke imbrodered with gold furred with sables before whom there was carried a battle axe and a sword a scutcheon with his armes a cassacke to weare vpon his armes Hauing presented himselfe in this manner before the emperour hee made him a low obeysance and hauing done the like vnto the Constable hee went to the pauilion which was prepared for him On the other side Ierome Anca entred the lists accompaned after the same maner and with the like furniture except his Iuppe which was furred with ermines the Marquesse of Brandeburge was his godfather and hee was followed by the dukes of Nagera of Alua and of Benanent the Marquesse of Aguilar and of other noblemen and knights who hauing made the like submissions to the emperor and Constable hee went to the pauillion which was prepared for him and the scutcheons and coates of armes of both combatants were carried and planted before the Constables scaffold During these shewes the ayre did eccho againe with the sound of drummes and trumpets the which being commanded to cease the two knights were brought by their Godfathers before the Constable where a booke of the Gospell and a Crucifix being presented vnto them they putting their hands into a priests hands did sweare that they came to this triall of armes with an intent to defend a iust quarrell wherein they would behaue themselues like loyall knights without fraud charms or any inchanted sword or without vsing the naturall vertue of any herbes stones or any other thing protesting to imploy only the force and dexterity of body and mind trusting only in God S. George the virgin Mary and with the aduice councell of their godfathers who caused a cofer to be broght before the coÌ„stable in the which were the armes wherwith the champions should fight and be couered the which were weighed in his presence according to the laws customs of combats by the which the weight was limited to 90 pounds of the country at the least This done they were chosen carried to either Pauillion where the champions did arm themselues in the presence of some that were appointed by the Constable to witnes that there was no fraud whilest they were arming the trumpets and drums sounding againe The constable went from his seat to dispose of that which was fit within the lists the which he did with great grauitie ceremonies Then he weÌ„t
Muley Hascen to the emperour to confirm and sweare the articles which were these 1 That king Muley Hascen did confesse and would acknowledge for him his successors kings of Tunes Articles of Accord betwixt the emperour king of Tunes that hauing beene chased out of his estate he had recouered it by the grace of God and by the arms and vertue of the emperor Charles king of Spaine who had taken Goulette and impregnable fort and chased away his enemy Haradin Barberousse 2 That in regard of so great a fauour he shold set at libertie all the Christians of what age sexe or condition soeuer that were detained prisoners within his realme what offences soeuer they had committed without punishment price or ransome and that from thenceforth there should not any of the emperors subjects nor of his brothers D. Ferdinands king of Romans be made slaues within the realme of Tunes 3 That it should be lawful for al Christians to traffike at Tunes and places depending theron stay inhabit purchase lands build chappels churches exercise their religion 4 That the moors of Spain which had receiued the baptisme of Christ shold not be receiued into the realm of Tunes if they did not shew letters of permissiō from the emperor or his successors kings of Spain or from their lieutenants viceroyes or Magistrates 5 That Muley Hascen did resigne vnto the emperor and his successors kings of Spaine all the right which hee had to any towns of Africke places and Islands held then by Barberousse and the Turkes to enioy them in propriety if they did conquer them 6 That Goulette and two miles of the countrie round about shold remaine in soueraigntie to the kings of Spaine who might put in any garrison and fortifie it as they pleased 7 That the inhabitants of Goulette and the territorie about it the souldiers of the garrison should bee free both by sea and land from all imposts and customes for that which they should buy for their own vse and if they traded in Merchandize they should be vsed like to them of the country 8 That they of Goulette should not bee hindered to receiue the tolles and customes of the kings of Tunes 9 That to entertaine the garrison of Goulette the kings of Tunes should pay vnto the gouernours twelue thousand crownes yearely at two paiments in August and Februarie 10 That the fishing for corrall and the trade thereof should be reserued for the emperour and his successors kings of Spaine to dispose at their pleasures 11 That in acknowledgement of the benefits done by the emperour to Muley Hascen hee and his successours should honour the kings of Spaine for euer as their Patrons and protectors and for an homage of that protection they should bee bound to giue them euerie yeare sixe faire horses and twelue exquisite faulcons the which he should deliuer into the hands of the gouernour of Goulette the three and twentieth of August vpon paine to loose fifty thousand crownes for the first time he should faile and for the second a hundred thousand and if they should continue to neglect this duety to forfeit their realme to the king of Spaine who might iustly dispossesse them 12 That vpon the like paine the kings of Tunes should not make any leagues nor alliances with any princes or states Christians or Mahumetists to the preiudice of the emperour or his successors 13 That there should no entrance bee giuen in the ports of the realme of Tunes to any Pyrats or robbers at Sea common enemies nor to the priuate enemies one of another 14 Lastly that there should be good sincere perpetuall friendship free commerce maintained betwixt these Princes and their subiects and right iustice mutually done These articles were sworne and signed in this forme reciprocally in the emperours campe neere vnto Goulotte the thirteenth day of August in the yere of Christ 1535 and in the yeare 942 of Mahumet the sixt day of the moone of the month Casa King Muley Hascen taking the othe drew out halfe his Cymiter touching the blade hee sware by the prophet Mahumet and by the Alcaron that hee would faithfully obserue all the contents thereof and neuer breake them and the emperour sware and promised the same kissing his right hand and taking hold of a cloake which a knight of Saint Iames there present did weare on the which there was a crosse he kist it also And of this contract there were foure copies made two in the Spanish and two in the Arabian tongue respectiuely kept and carried by the officers and Secretaries of these princes There was also added to the said articles That from that time there should bee a supreme Iudge and Councell in Goulette the which in the emperours name should iudge without appeale of all ciuill and criminall causes where any of his Majesties subjects should be a partie traffiking or going into any countrie of the realme of Tunes And in regard of the towne of Afrike then held by the Turkes if it came by any meanes into the power of the kings of Tunes the emperour and his successors kings of Spaine should dispose thereof as they should thinke good For witnesses to the said accord articles there were set downe for the emperor Nicholas Perenot seignior of Granuelle doctor Fernand of Gueuara and Anthonie Peres councellors of State And for the king of Tunes Aluar Gomesis Mahumet of Tunes Hamet Gamaza and Abeder Heymin Maier his councellors kinsmen and officers This done Muley Hascen retyred to Tunes and the emperour gaue order for his returne He had a great desire to set vpon the towne of Africke which lyes right against Sicile was verie cōmodious for the Turks which held it to make enterprises but seeing Autumne approach which shut vp the Seas for Galleys hee deferred it to an other season Hee left D. Bernardine of Mendosa brother to the Marquesse of Mondejar gouernor of Goulette Emperors retreat from Tunes with a thousand Spaniards of the old bāds He sent Andrew Doria along the western coast to learne what was become of Barberousse and to watch what he would vndertake who found that at his dislodging from Tunes he had retired to Bone and that hauing some notice of Dorias approach with forty gallies he had left the place voyde Bone in Afrike taken by Andrew Doria whereon Doria seazed without any difficulty who by the Emperours commaundement put a garrison into the castle and left the towne at the disposition of the king of Tunes thinking that the Moores inhabiting there would maintaine themselues in peace better vnder his obedience There is a suburbe at Tunes without the port called Bethelmenara containing about a thousand housholds where there dwelt certaine Christians called by reason of that suburbe Rabbattins whose predecessours had bin brought thither by Ioseph Almansor king Rabattins Christians at Tunes and Caliph of Marroc ruler ouer all Afrike some 300 yeres since Of those
with many other they recouered their lost ordnance and tooke thirtie and fiue peeces of the enemies but the spoile gotten afterwards in Diu did much inrich the Souldiers They write that this cruell seege continued eight moneths there dyed one thousand fiue hundred Portugals and in this last battell onely sixtie and foure thousand Infidels The Viceroy hauing taken order for the repayring and new building of the fort hauing also rewarded the well deseruing souldiers returned to Malaga 4 During the warre in Germanie Nauarre whereof wee haue formerly made mention there was a marriage concluded in Fraunce Mariage of Ioane heire of Nauarre to Anthony duke of Bourbon betwixt Ioane of Albret the heire of Nauarre and Anthonie of Bourbon duke of Vendosme a prince of the bloud royall of France the marriage was celebrated at Molins in Bourbonois This realme of Nauarre was reduced vnto a Prouince when as the duke of Alua seased thereon in the name of the king D. Ferdinand in execution of the sentence of pope Iulio the second and had been alwaies gouerned by Viceroys and Lieutenants as wee haue said In the yeare one thousand fiue hundred fortie and two D. Iohn de Lauega Lord of Grayal was viceroy in whose time D. Ferdinand Aluares of Toledo grand childe to the duke of Alua rased the wals of Lombier which stood vntill that time D. Lewis of Mendosa Marquesse of Montdejar succeeded the Lord of Grajal in the gouernment of Nauarre in the yere one thousand fiue hundred forty and three and in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred forty and sixe D. Aluaro Gomes Manrique of Mendosa entred into the gouernment and successiuely in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred forty and seuen D. Lewis Velasco at which time this marriage was consummated The emperour hauing gotten so great and absolute a victorie Castille as hee thought he now held the reynes of all Germanie in his hand he sends D. Ferdinād of Toledo duke of Alua into Spaine to persuade his Son to come vnto him into the low countries whether he went carrying his prisoners with him in triūph leauing Ferdinād king of Romans his brother to gouerne the affaires of the empire in his absence and for that D. Philip comming out of Spaine he must leaue some great one there with the title of gouernor and to giue that dignitie to any lord of the countrie it would breed jealousie in the rest he resolued to send Maximilian of Austria prince of Hungarie his nephew thither to whome hee had designed for wife D. Maria his owne daughter with a dispensation from the pope for they were cousin Germans This Prince came and imbarked at Genoua soone after the duke of Aluas departure being accōpained by the Cardinal of Trent the yong duke of Brunswike the earle of Mansfield and other noble men arriued at Barcelona with a prosperous wind whereas all the chiefe noblemen of Arragon and Castille came and met him as their Gouernour and Viceroy and conducted him to Vailledolit where the marriage betwixt him D. Maria was solemnized These princes being maried they gouerned Spain for a time in prince Philips absence who parted in the same fleet in the same vessel that had brought Maximilian Prince Philip goes into Flanders Being arriued at Genoua he staied there fifteen daies where he was visited and honoured with gifts and presents by al the princes and potentates of Italie and by the estates of the emperour his father From Genoua he came to Milan where he had a solemne entrie made him and then by Mantoua Trent hee continued his voyage throgh Germany came to Brusselles where the emperor attended him who made a progresse with him through all the prouinces of his hereditarie countrie causing an oth of fealtie to be taken vnto him as to his onely heire At the estates of Castille who were held at Vailledolit in the yeare 1548 1548 it was deereed that the emperour should be intreated againe as he had beene often to pay the money which he had borrowed of the king of Portugall by colour whereof he did not pursue his right vnto the Molucqus for the which there were deputies sent vnto him into Flanders who offered him in the name of the estates to discharge that debt so as hee would graunt them that trade for sixe yeares making the landing and entring of Spices at the Groin as he had formerly ordained which sixe yeares being expired the emperour should receiue the benefit of the trade whereunto he gaue no great eare for that hee would not displease D. Iohn king of Portugall to whome he bare great affection 6 At that time there came vnto Maximilian of Austria Muley Buason a Moore demands succor in Spaine and D. Maria of Castille his wife gouerning in Spaine Muley Buason a Prince of the Moores and Lord of Veles de la Gomera in Afrike who had beene brought into Spaine by D. Bernardine de Mendosa generall of the galleys to demaund succour against Muley Mahumet Xerife of Marroc who had expelled Muley Hamet his kinsman of the race of the Merins out of the realme of Fez. This Moore was honourably entertained by Maximilian but touching his chiefe businesse hee aduised him to goe vnto the emperour the which hee did and past through Fraunce but hee could not obtaine that which hee pretended notwithstanding that hee offered to doe homage to the emperour and to pay him tribute for the realme of Fez. Hee knew well there was no great assurance in the promises of those Barbariens who are naturally disloyall and that it was in vaine to make any enterprises in Afrike if hee did not altogether follow it else it would prooue but a fruitlesse toile and charge After long soliciting Buason returned into Spaine and made a like sute vnto D. Iohn king of Portugall who gaue him some succours the which had like to haue ruined him but afterwards hee made good vse of them 7 The Councell continued at Trent vnto the seuenth Session Councell transferred from Trent to Bolonia touching the doctrine and reformation of Prelates and the Pope seeing that Germanie was in such a combustion as there was no likelihood of any reconciliation hee thought it expedient for his affaires of Cologne to draw the Councell out of Germany and transferre it to Bolonia a towne belonging to the church causing a decree to bee made in the eight Session as if this translation had come from the motion of the Fathers that were assembled by reason of the indisposition of many which fell sicke through the bad constituion of the ayre and the discommodities of the cold and moist countrie The Legats went and were followed by the Prelates and Doctors of Italie but the Germanes were discontented wherefore the emperor vpon the complaints which were made sent his embassadors vnto the Councell of Bolonia which hee called an assembly which were Francis Vargas and Martin Velasco to the end the Councell might
these there were as some write other secret articles concluded betwixt Caraffa and the duke of Alba concerning Palieno and that duke During these broiles betwixt the Pope and the king of Spaine the warre was as violent vpon the frontiers of Artois Picardie where the duke of Sauoy being general for the king of Spain S. Quentin taken entred with an armie of 40000 men he beseeged S. Quentin defeated and tooke the Constable which came for to relieue it and then tooke the towne after which the duke of Guise was called home out of Italie The duke of Sauoy hauing taken Castelet and some other places in Picardie dissolued his armie after which the French king hauing raised a great armie commaunded by the duke of Guise Calis taken hee tooke Calis Guines and all the land of Oye from the English in the heart of winter 1558 Soone after the Marshall of Termes went with an armie into Flaunders where hauing taken Bergues and Dunkerke and beseeged Grauelin hee was charged by the earle of Egmont his armie defeated and hee himselfe taken Marshall of Termes defeated After which rout the French king leuied new forces and came and camped about Amiens And king Philip on the other side being nothing inferiour in forces lodged neere vnto Dourlans Whilest that these two mightie armies which lay so neere one vnto another held all the world in expectation of some bloudie battell God inspired the hearts of these two great Princes with a desire to quench this warre without effusion of bloud and to preferre an accord before a doubtfull victorie wherefore their Deputies being assembled in the Abbaie of Cercampe vpon the Marches of Artois hauing propounded certaine Articles a peace was more easily concluded at Castell Cambresis Peace betwixt France and Spaine vpon the newes of the death of Marie queene of England The conditions were 1 That king Philip being a widower should marrie Elizabeth eldest daughter to king Henrie 2 That Marguerite of Fraunce the kings Sister should bee giuen in marriage to Emanuel Philibert duke of Sauoy and that in consideration thereof all his country townes Castles and iurisdictions of Sauoy and Piedmont should bee restored except the towns of Turin Quier Pignerol Chiuas and Villanoua of Ast which should continue three yeares in the French kings hands and that in the meane time the king of Spain should retaine Ast and Verceil 3 That all the Townes and forts which had beene taken in these last warres should bee restored on either part whether they did belong to those kings or to others which had followed their parties and namely the Island of Corsica to the Genouois Montferrat to the duke of Mantoua and the towne and castle of Bouillon to the bishop of Leege 4 That they of the house of Longueuille should bee put in possession of the countie of Saint Paul and the king D. Philip of the country of Charalois the Soueraigntie referued but there was no mention made of the Siennois 5 That the two kings should doe their best endeuours to entertaine the peace of Christendome and should procure the continuance and ending of the generall councell begun at Trent This yeare one thousand fiue hundred fiftie and eight Death of Queen Leonora queene Leonora sister to the Emperour Charles the fift died in Februarie at Talaberuela three leagues from Badajos shee was first wife to Emanuell king of Portugall and then to Francis the French king she was honoured with a royall funerall pompe And in September following the emperour Charles ended all his toiles Death of the Emperour Charles the fift and past to a better life in the monasterie of Saint Iust where hee had remained two yeares his bodie was left there to bee afterwards buried in the monasterie of Saint Laurence which king Philip his sonne did since build with great charge and state in remembrance of the victorie gotten against the French and the taking of the Constable on Saint Laurence day the tenth of August Hee left an immortall fame of his valour Praises of the Emperour Charles more than any of his predecessors had done in many hundred yeares before for that in him all those vertues might be seene which are to bee desired in one that shold gouerne his people iustly and commaund armes and manage warre iuditiously He was verie religious and pitifull to the poore wherein he seemed rather prodigal than liberall In his eating drinking apparel he was very temperate modest so as he might wel be a president to any priuat mā as wel as to great princes in the practise of that vertue He had a care of justice to haue it duly administred although the continual wars wherewith he was afflicted made him to endure many defects He not only spake the language of euery nation on where hee commaunded in Europe but also those that were not vnder his gouernment for hee spake the French and Sclauon tongues readily In other things hee was not learned but eloquent shewing great grauitie in his speech It seemed that his good fortune did strue with vertue to fauour him Hee was prompt in execution and constant against any apparent daunger little esteeming death Hee was so accustomed to the toyles of warre that vntill hee grew aged it seemed no trouble vnto him Hee liued eight and fiftie yeares sixe moneths and sixe and twentie daies his funerals were celebrated with great pompe throughout all the cities of his realme yea throughout Christendome euerie one seeming both in publike in and in priuate to be partakers of this generall losse In December after king Philip his Sonne caused his funerall to bee made at Brussells with great state and pompe where all his most glorious enterprises were represented Spaine this yeare besides the losse of two such great Princes was not a little annoyed by the Turkes army which going from Prouence landed some men in the Island of Minorca beyond the port of Maone and there after some difficultie and losse Armie of Turks in Minorca they tooke Cittadella where there were not aboue fiue hundred men to defend it of whome there were aboue foure hundred slaine the Turkes disdaining that they were forced to batter it and to giue some assaults before they could take it And so valour which is wont to bee admired and respected of the enemie did now cause a contrarie effect in the hearts of these barbarous and cruell men and hauing spoyled the towne and the whole island they returned with many prisoners into Prouence 22 A little before the emperours death Death of D. Iohn the third king of Portugal D. Iohn the third of that name king of Portugall died at Lisbone to the great griefe of his subiects by reason of the infancie wherein hee left D. Sebastian the heire of the Crowne Hee was stately and beautifull Prince and of hautie enterprise hee continued the Nauigation of the Indes with great happinesse and reputation and made the name
were D. Michel de Moncado D. Bernardin de Cardines and Salazar Captaine of the Citadell of Palermo in the middest were D. Francis Zapate and Lewis Carrillo and in the poupe D. Iohn with the great Commaunder of Castille the Earle of Plego D. Lewis de Cordoua Roderigo de Benauides D. Iohn de Guzman D. Philip de Heredia Ruy Dias de Mendosa and others In Aly Bassas galley were foure hundred Ianisaries shot and some Archers tryed men who fought verie valiantly against D. Iohns Spaniards who entred twice into the Turkes Admirall and were valiantly repulst by them Aly being succoured by diuers others gallies which were about him but such was the resolution of the Christians as they became masters thereof Marc Antonio Colonna arriuing in whose galley was the Commander Romeias who wanted neither iudgement nor courage Aly Bassa was slaine and in a maner all that were in his galley his head was cut from his bodie and presented vnto D. Iohn who caused it to bee set vpon the end of a pike for a spectacle to encourage the Christians to pursue the victorie and to daunt the Turkes who began then to faint Iohn Andrew Doria was also Victor on his part but some said that hee might haue done better if hee had list for hee suffered Vluccialy to escape In these actions there is no man troubled but such as are in them the rest speake at pleasure The most furious combat was in the left wing of the armie whereas the Proueditor Barbarigo commaunded who left scarce any one of the enemies gallies but was broken sunk or taken This wise and valiant Captaine was shot into the eye with an arrow whereof hee dyed Portau Bassa fled away in a boat seeing Aly slaine and the battell lost Caracossa Gouernour of Valona a famous Pyrat was slaine by Honorat Gaietan Captaine of one of the Popes Gallies The valour of Martin de Padille was great who with his onely galley tooke three of the enemies It was an horrible spectacle to see the Sea dyed with bloud full of dead Carkasses and peeces of gallies Many sought to runne themselues on gronnd but they were preuented by the Venetian gallies many Turkes cast themselues into the Sea thinking to saue their liues by swimming but they fainted and perished before they got to land It was the greatest victorie that had beene at Sea in many ages Number of the dead The battell continued eighteene houres wherein they spent some part of the night there died about fiue and twentie thousand Turkes and almost all the Commaunders others write that there were fifteene thousand Turkes slaine and seuen thousand Christian and some write thirteene thousand There were taken and carried away one hundred and seuenteene gallies and thirteene Galleots and many were sunke the number whereof was vnknowne there were some thirtie and nine gallies galleots and foists which escaped and came to Lepanto which relikes Vluccialy had charge to conduct to Constantinople yet they were so ill handled as hee was faine to leaue sixe of them behind They tooke one hundred and seuenteene Canons and two hundred fiftie and eight small peeces of Ordnance some number three thousand eight hundred fortie and sixe prisoners and some 5000 among which were the two Sons of Aly Bassa Sirocco gouernor of Negropont was taken but he was so wounded as he died soone after his wife who was exceeding faire was also taken prisoner There were 15000 Christian slaues set at libertie The Christians besides priuat men lost 14 Captaines of gallies and sixty knights of Malta and aboue eight thousand that were hurt of men of name there were slaine Augustin Barbarigo the Prouiditor with fifteene other gentlemen of Venice D. Bernardin de Cardine a Spaniard Horatio and Virginio Vrsini with diuers others and of wounded D. Iohn himselfe the Generall Veniero Paul Iourdain Vrsini the earle of Sancta Fiora Troilo Saâ—elli and Thomas de Medicis They found in Alys galley two and twentie thousand peeces of gold called Soldamini and in that of Caracossa forty thousand The whole prey was diuided at Port Caligiero some write at Corfu to euerie one of the confederates according to the rate the king of Spaine had of six parts three the state of Venice two and the Pope one and all the captaines and souldiers were commended and rewarded for their good seruice After which D. Iohn Marc Antonio Colonna and D. Iohn Andrew Doria retyred to Messina whereas they found that the Marquesse of Pescara the Viceroy was newly dead hauing frequented women too much Marc Antonio Colonna went to Rome the great Commaunder of Castille with him to treat with the Pope touching the next yeres seruice for the league and to goe to his gouernment of the duchie of Milan which the king had giuen him after the death of the duke of Albuquerque This victorie was wonne the seuenth of October 1571 without any further poursuit for the opinions of the commanders depending of sundrie masters were diuers and also for that the season of the yeare was too farre spent The duke of Alba being incensed against the Queene of England Duke of Alba sends to treat with the queene of England for that she had staied his money and as hee thought fauoured the Rebels of the Netherlands vnder hand he studied how to crosse her and to cause some troubles in her Countrie and to giue the better forme to that which had been begun by his practises hee sent Chiapin Vitelli vnder colour to treat with her of the composition of reprisals and restitution of that which had beene taken from king Philips subiects but hee gaue him secret instructions against that state if hee might conueniently effect them There was no meanes to come to any accompt for the spoiles which were taken by the English from any of the king of Spaines subiects or adherents for that they were either wasted by priuat men or else the truth could not be verified Wherefore Vitelli was sent backe with good words and could doe nothing in that respect And as for the enterprises whereof hee had charge to conferre with certaine Noble men discontented with the present gouernment hee could not worke any thing for during his aboad in England hee was carefully obserued yet the Pope had his Spies and Negotiators in the countrie and did solicite king Philip to help to depriue the queen both of her crowne and life and that the Roman Catholikes and such as vnder that pretext desired innouations might be the Masters To effect this they had need both of men and money but especially of a stranger to bee their leader such a one as the duke of Alba whome they held to be fitter than any other The king whither through importunitie or willingly being full of other affaires yeelded and it happened that Chiapin Vitelli after his returne from England comming into Spaine to craue leaue of the king for that he was called into Italie by some princes vnto whome
that estate least that his recouerie should alter that good happy disposition The continuall feuer whereof he had languished three yeres and the violent torments of the gout had prepared him for death long before he was ready to take him He gaue no eare to any discourse but touching his departure A gentleman of his chamber seeing him to haue some intermission of his pains aduised him to remoue into some other chamber that was more chearefull the Physitians warranting that hee might liue two yeares longer Giue said hee this picture of our Ladie to the Infanta it was the Empresse my Mothers and I haue worne it fifty yeares He spake of his departure as of a royall entrie into goodliest Cities vnder his obedience and of his funeral as of a Coronation I will said hee haue this Crucifix hung at my neck and resting vpon my breast I will haue that in my hand with the which my father dyed Hold a candle of Mont Sarrat readie and giue it me when I am in the Agonie Goe said hee to two Religious men and measure my fathers Herse obserue how hee is laid I will be so and with no more ceremonie than the poorest Monke in this Monasterie They that were about him spake of his constancie as Saint Augustin did of the admirable resolution of a holy Spaniard The violence of his paine was great but the force of his courage was greater the one suffered and the other sung the flesh suffered and the spirit spake Nothing liued more in him than a feeling of his sinnes the which toucht him so neere as after that they had made an incision in his knee and the Prince his Sonne asking him if he felt not the paine of his greene wound I feele said the king the wounds of my sinnes much more Approaching towards his end hee commaunded that the Marquesse of Mondejar should bee set at libertie but restrained from comming to court and that the wife of Anthony Perez sometimes his Secretarie should bee set at libertie vpon condition that hee should retire himselfe into some Monasterie Hee receiued the extreme vnctions from the Archbishop of Toledo after that hee had demaunded the manner of the administration thereof for that hee had neuer seene it giuen Hee had resolued to send the Prince and the Infanta â—o Madrid for that they should not bee present at the pitifull spectacle of the ruine of his bodie but hee changed his opinion and would haue the Prince present when they gaue him the extreme vnction after which hee commanded them to leaue him alone with his Sonne King Philips last speech vnto his Sonne to whome hee spake these words I was desirous my son you shold assist at this last actioÌ„ to the end you shold not liue in ignorance as I haue done how this holy Sacrament is administred that you might see the end of kings and whereunto their Crownes and Scepters are reduced Death is readie to snatch the Crowne from my head and to set it vpon yours Therein I recommend two things vnto you the one is that you remaine alwaies obedient vnto the Church the other that you doe justice to your subiects The time will come when this Crowne shall fall from your head as it doth now from mine you are young I haue beene so my daies are numbred and are ended God keepes the accompt of yours and they shall likewise end They say that hee did enioyne him with passion to make warre against Heretikes and to entertaine peace with France The Prince thinking that his end approached demaunded the golden key of the Cabinet from D. Christopher de Mora meaning to grace the Marquesse of Denia his fauourite therewith but hee desired the Prince to pardon him saying that hee might not leaue it whilest the king was liuing but by his expresse commandement whereat the Prince was offended D. Christopher complained hereof vnto the king who neither commended the demaund being too sudden nor allowed of his refusall commanding D. Christopher to carrie it vnto the Prince and to craue his pardon who returning to visit his father D. Christopher de Mora kneeling downe 〈◊〉 the key and deliuered it vnto him the which the Prince tooke and gaue to the Marquesse of Denia And as the prince and the Infanta stood before his bed hee said vnto them I recommend vnto you D. Christopher de Mora the best seruant I euer had with all my other seruants And so giuing them his last farewell and imbracing them his speech fayled him continuing two daies in that estate vntill hee died being seuenty and one yeares old and hauing raigned fifty He was borne at Vailledolit the fiue and twentieth of Aprill Birth and â—â—ature of the king of Spaine in the yeare one thousand fiue hundred twenty and six and dyed the thirteenth of September 1598. He was but little of stature yet of a pleasing aspect but no goodlie man by reason of his great nether lip which is hereditarie in the house of Austria otherwise he was faire of complexion rather resembling a Fleming than a Spaniard of so found a constitution of body as he was sildome or neuer sicke He was sometimes troubled with faintings and did neuer eat any fish he was of a constant resolution and of a great spirit apprehending presently the ends of things and foreseeing them with an admirable wisdome and iudgement Pope Clement the eight hearing newes of his death assembled the Consistorie where after audience giuen vnto the Cardinalls hee told them in a graue speech full of passion Popes iudgment vpon the death of king Philip. That if euer the holy Sea had cause of greefe and affliction it was for the death of that Prince the Church hauing lost a great Protector and her persecutors a mightie enemie That his whole life had beene nothing but a warfaâ—e against infidelities heresies and errors That two things did comfort them in this losse the one that being dead with an admirable conformitie in the will of God an incredible patience in his paines and an vnchangeable constancie in his Religion he held him rewarded in heauen with immortall glorie the other that hee had left a Sonne which made them hope that it was rather a resurrection of the father than a succession of the Sonne In the end hee recommended them both to their praiers paying thereby for what the one had done and what the other offered to doe by his letters for the good of the Church To speake of his vertues Vertues of king Philip. it is said that all good Princes may bee written in a ring Philip had great vertues it were a rare thing to haue all The seedes of such princes as haue no defects are in heauen Hee was great in pietie Religion justice liberalitie and constancy His pietie As for his pietie and religion hee hath beene heard to say that if the prince his Sonne became an Hereâ—ike or a Schismaticke hee would bring fagots himselfe to
vnto the altar where kneeling downe they assisted at the last blessing of their mariage The prayers being ended they went from the church vnto the palace where the nuptiall feast was made with all the pompe and state that could be deuised Two dayes after the king made three knights of the Golden fleece which were the Archduke Albert the Constable of Castille and Prince Doria For the space of eight dayes there were all sports and fights that mans wit could inuent There was a Theatre built able to containe threescore thousand persons fit to behold all king of sports as baiting of the bull Ioco di Canna after the African manner tilts turneyes and all other exercises wherein the Spaniards delight This nuptiall pompe being ended King of Spaine settles his Court at Vailledolet the king and queene went to Vailledolit wheras the king setled his Court after the example of Charles the fift his grandfather and not at Madrid which after the death of king Philip the second was abandoned The king after his mariage gaue himselfe wholly to the exercises of peace and left the managing of affaires to his Councell retiring himselfe in a manner from the sight of all the Grandos of Spaine being loath to see or to be seene of any but of the marquesse of Denia whom he made duke of Lerma Since that this prince tooke the scepter in hand he hath made them change thâ—â— conceits they had of him and hath shewed more vigour than they did attribute vnto him That which he wants by reason of his youth abounds in his Councell to whom he commits the conduct of his Estates A prince must be wise or else gouerne himselfe by them that are wise They did not like that he should wholly giue himselfe to the duke of Lerma The Grandos of Spaine could not endure this vnequall distribution of the kings fauours vpon one onely obiect and were grieued that this common Sunne should haue no light but for two eyes that this fountaine should haue no water but to quench one mans thirst which made them to grow into great discontents and the rather for that his wife was made chiefe Ladie of honour to the queene wherewith the greatest house in Spaine would haue thought it selfe much honoured being impossible that so great and sudden preferments should not be enuied and maligned Fauors of princes full of enuiâ— Hence grew complaints and murmuring wherein the best wits imploied their tongues and pennes to write freely This discontentment was seene in all the sorts that malecontents could discouer it They made images to speake at the kings comming to the Crowne and at the entrie which hee made at Madrid they set vp Iupiters statue Diuisuâ— Imperium cum Ioue Caesar habet carrying a globe of the world vpon his shoulders and discharging the one halfe vpon king Philips with an inscription That the Empire was diuided betwixt Iupiter and Caesar they found in strange caracters and an vnknowne hand at the foot of Iupiters image Pasquins these words This is the duke of Lerma They also made Pasquin to speake The king of Spaine made request vnto the Pope to grant him the tenthes of the Clergie-liuings besides that which his predecessors had beene accustomed to take The feare they had the Pope would not grant it made them to write this on the palace gates at Vailledolit An vnking Pope an innocent King and an insolent Duke They made counterfeit letters both without name and subiect hauing nothing but a superscription The king comming one day from walking he found vpon his table a letter fealed vp with this direction To king Philip the third of that name king of Spaine being now at the seruice or deuotion of the duke of Lerma The post which brought it had not returned without an answer if hee had stayed The king who knew that there is nothing makes such brutes vanish sooner than contempt nor that reuiues them more than a feeling and apprehension laught at it and turning to the duke of Lerma said See here what they say of vs. They spake vpon stages and in publicke Scenes They made a Tragedie at Vailledolit the actors were the King the Constable of Castille the Duke of Lerma and the people The Argument was the complaints and insolencie of the duke of Lerma the Catastrophe the duke of Lermas death who was torne in peeces by the furious multitude They made fooles to speake who are about kings onely to tell truth and to make wise men which dare not speake it to blush A jeaster passing betwixt the king the duke of Lerma justled him in such sort as he made the duke to stagger and said vnto him Stand fast for if thou fallest thou wilt neuer rise again The king taking the word answered presently We will then fall both together The Grandes who smiled at the jeasters speech were much amazed at the kings answer All Spaine admires his fortune The most happie hold that who so will be fortunat must bee borne vnder the same Planet But no man knowes how long this happinesse will continue And in the end the great fauors of princes are prejudiciall and ruinous to their fauourites One sayes That we must approach neere vnto kings as vnto fire neither standing too farre off least we take cold nor approching too neere for feare of burning This fauour is a fire as it shines it burnes Courteots flie vnto it and burne themselues like Butterflies Hee is not wise that vseth it as a fountaine and drinkes as much as he can for the thirst that is past for the present and that which is to come but he is wise that drinks of these fauors as dogs do of the riuer of Nol passing and running least they be deuoured of Crocodiles by enuie and jealousie The Archduke hauing brought the kings wife into Spaine Archdukes passe for Flanders and receiued the Infanta his wife to conduct her into Flanders to take possession with her of those countries which the king had giuen her in dowrie hauing taken leaue of the king queene and empresse his mother he took his way towards the sea which was so fauorable vnto them as imbarking at Barcelona the seuenth of Iune they arriued in 18 daies at Genoua where they remained the rest of that moneth in prince Dorias palace From thence they past to Pauia where the duke of Parma came to see them Then they came to Milan thither the Pope sent cardinall Dietestain to visit them who presented a sword vnto the Archduke in his Holinesse name and a rose of gold to the Infanta and so they past on their journey through the Grisons countrey At the conclusion of the peace of Veruins Treaty at Boullen betwixt the deputies of England and Spaine betwixt the French and the Spanish the queene of England was not comprehended in that treatie The king of Spaine desired to enter into a particular treatie with her the French king being
the ceremoniall law which yeare all debts and iniuries were abolished and the trumpets and comets did sound lowder than of custome Vrban 6 had another consideration Our Sauiour had liued thirty and three yeres in the world and therefore he wold that men reuerencing the yeare which fell out at the end of that space should sanctifie it with the celebratioÌ„ of the Iubile Paul 2 finding the time yet too long diuided the huÌ„dred into foure parts that as the Buls are proclaimed at the foure corners of Rome and bind theÌ„ that pretend to obtaine the pardons which are granted in this reuolution of yeres to visit the foure principall Churches so the foure parts of the world should bee inuited to frequent this Iubile so called of the Hebrew word Iobel which signifies a Rammes home for that it was published that yeare by the sound of the Cornet with reioycing It doth commonly begin on New yeares eue with a solemne procession in the which the Pope the Cardinals the Embassadors of Christian Princes the Prelates Clergie and Officers of the citie of Rome march according to their ranks with a world of people vnto the doore called Holy which finding walled vp and neuer open but the yeare of Iubile they put a candle into one of the Popes hands and a little siluer hammer into the other with the which hauing strooke thrice vpon the wall it is presently beaten downe by men appointed to that purpose whereupon the people carrie away the peeces with great prease and deuotion Clement had presidents for the deferring of this day Iulio 3 began his Iubile in the yere 1550 on S. Mathias day for that the Sea had been void vntill then The importune paine of the gout shold haue made Clement delay this ceremony but the concourse of people was greater at Rome than had bin in the memory of man the Pilgrimes were exceeding poore and a longer stay wold haue bin very hurtfull vnto them Which inuited the Pope not to frustrate their expectation wherefore hee was carried in a chaire according to the custome and gaue his first blessing to this worke the first day of the yeare The French king hauing long expected restitution of the Marquisate of Salusses which the duke of Sauoy detained from him Spaniard apprehends the French kings taking of Sauoy or some recompence was forced to seek it by arms whereupon he came in person with an army into Sauoy and tooke the chiefe places of strength The earle of Fuentes Gouernor of Milan fortified the duke with foure thousand Spaniards The Ministers of Spaine murmured much at the French kings approaching so neare Italie saying that the Marquisate of Salusses was the pretext but Milan or Naples was the true cause of this warre 1601 Italie was in alarme who thought that the idlenesse of the French at home would make them trouble their neighbours The Pope feares that these first sparkles will set all their neighbours on fire The duke of Sâ—ssa king Philips embassador at Rome prâ—sses him hee cries out of the miseries calamities which the continuance of this warre would cause hee doth intreat beseech and coniure the Pope to send Cardinall Aldobrandin his nephew to the most Christian king to quench the fire of this great diuision and to exhort them to come vnto the effects of the treatie of Paris which the Pope did willingly yeeld vnto After an accord made betwixt the French king and the duke of Sauoy Spanish forces keep Christendome in alarme all things seemed quiet but suddenly both Italie and France were in alarme hauing intelligence that both the duke of Sauoy and the Earle of Fuentes kept their forces together and increased them daily and that they had some great designe which could not be yet descouered they threatned many to strike but one but no man knew where the chance would fall that all the Princes of Christendome had cause to doubt him and that the king of Spaine would make himselfe fearefull by armes in the beginning of his raign but they knew not whether his designe was against Asia Afrike or Europe Men spake diuersly of this preparation In France some said that the king of Spaine would reuiue the pretensions of his Grand-father Charles the fift against the Venetians others said and with some reason as the issue will verifie that hee threatned to enter the estates of the great duke of Tuscany with this mightie army if he deliuered not into his hands that man which for some yeares had qualified himself D. Sebastian the true and lawfull king of Portugall who being banished from Venice vpon this occasion had beene staied at Florence as hee past thinking to imbarke at Liuorne to get to Marseilles and so come vnto the king during the warre of Sauoy The Venetians gaue order for their Gulphe and did thinke to demaund Frances de Bonnes Lord of Des Digueres from the French king to be their leader if they were inuaded to the end that as France had lately furnished the Emperour with a Lieutenant General and Malta with a great Master against the Infidels it might also supply them with a great Captaine against the Spaniards if hee did attempt to trouble the quiet of their estate At Rome it was bruted that Geneua was in danger and that the Marquesse of Aix was sent thither to intreate the Pope to blesse the enterprise and to fortifie it with his meanes In England they thought that some great men had some practises in Castille and the yeares following will shew that their jealousie was not vaine The Flemings said that it was to make king Philip to be declared king of Romans but it were not conuenient to breed new factions among the Princes of Germany when as the Turke was so powerfull in Hungarie All these erred in their iudgements time had discouered that this great armie which so troubled mens affections was entertained for an enterprise which they had vpon Marseilles but one of them which should haue deliuered the Towne to the Earle of Fuentes discouered it to the duke of Guise and so they were disappointed During the stay of this army in Italie Gentleman of Venice executed a Venetian Gentleman of the house of Donati appointed to be gouernour of Creme was conuicted to haue intelligence with the Spaniard and publikely executed hee testified that this army had many and diuers designes at one instant of the which if any one had succeeded it may be they had not lost their time and paines at sea as they did at land But seeing all their designes proue vain both in Italie and Prouence the army imbarked at Vada in the State of Genoua in two troupes the one vnder the commaund of D. Iohn Andrew Doria and the other vnder Charles Doria his Son and so they bent their course towards the Turkes being in all seuenty gallies to the which the Pope the king of Spaine the great duke of Tuscanie the duke of Sauoy and the great
hearers and did much distemper the Viceroyes thoughts who dying some moneths after charged his sonne and successor to carrie himselfe discreetly and moderatly to this prisoner as indeed he had intreated him as the Portugals say with little rigour and much courtesie But this new keeper whether that he had a contrarie commaundement from his Soueraigne or to insinuate more into his fauor or else fearing the corruption of some Portugals who followed him a farre off to see his successe he restrained his prisoner and doubled his gards giuing him no more libertie than to many others to goe out on Sundayes and festiuall daies to heare Masse in a chappell within the castle Yet the Viceroy who would not publikely seeme to consent to the affliction of this vnfortunate man dispensed with himselfe to call him Impostor who finding himselfe much toucht with this reproch fell to those armes which his condition did furnish him which were as bitter words as might be giuen to any one that would not respect his qualitie These violent words did not free him from a hard prison in the castle d' Ouo D. Sebastian in the castle d'Ouo in the which he did not find any thing according to the report of the Portugals but a cord and a long knife fit instruments for some desperat malefactor who would free himselfe from some exemplarie punishment There he continued three daies without bread wine water or bed On the fourth the Auditor generall being followed by two Registers came to visit him and finding him safe and well for there was no great likelyhood that with such cruell vsage he should seeke to prolong his life especially hauing such fit instruments to end his miseries and to free himselfe from a more sensible ignominie before men he said vnto him That if he did not forbeare to say and maintaine himselfe to be D. Sebastian king of Portugall they had not any thing to sustaine his hunger nor thirst nor to giue him rest Doe what you please said the prisoner for I am D. Sebastian the true king of Portugall and no other God forbid that I should fall into so great a mischiefe and so contrarie to my soules health that for feare of men I should denie the truth and confesse that which is not I am that D. Sebastian king of Portugall who in the yeare 1578 past into Africke against the Infidels he who to augment the number and power of Christians put his life in hazard that vnfortunat man who for his sinnes lost a battell which was the cause of so great alterations in Christendome This is the very truth and I can say no other The Auditor and the Registers departed with this answere from which time they gaue him bread and water for his diet but some dayes after he had fiue crownes a moneth giuen him and a man to serue him without any further proceeding in his cause vntill the seuenteenth of Aprill 1602. Vpon which day the Viceroy sent to know if he persisted in his first deposition and that he should be now well aduised to answere pertinently This is not said he the right course they should take to examine and judge my processe present me vnto the Portugals who haue bred me knowne me and serued me vpon whose saying and testimonie the whole profe and verification of my cause doth depend If I should liue a thousand yeares yea more I would neuer answere otherwise If you be resolued to put me to death without any other profe I take God for my onely judge who knowes the truth of my cause I am D. Sebastian the true king of Portugall you may now deale with me as you haue heretofore pretended After which he disposed himselfe to die made a generall confession and receiued the Sacrament still maintaining that he was as he had said Whilest that he attended the houre of his death they sent againe vnto him to make his last answere that is to say he should sing a new song and recant the former but he made the same answere And vpon this last answere he was at the instance of the Castillans exorcised by the Bishop of Rhegium as a Magitian for that he had answered very pertinently to all they had demaunded of him During which action hee shewed vnto the Bishop with a cheerefull countenance a Crucifix which he carried at his breast Behold said he the Image of the Master in whom I trust and for whom I would die Wherewith the Bishop went away confounded with his conjurations as some report who say they were then present After which he was set vpon an Asse the last day of Aprill D. Sebastian led ignominiously through the streets and carried publikely through the streets hauing three trumpets going before him and proclayming his sentence by the which he was condemned to be led ignominiously through the streets of Naples and then put into the galleyes for that he had called himselfe D. Sebastian king of Portugall being but a Calabrois At this crie when he pronounced this word King he answered with a loud voice So am I and when he added being but a Calabrois he said That is false Neither did any of the officers or people hinder him or once moue Euerie man heared him with admiration crying at the corners of the streets I am in my enemies hands let them doe with my bodie what they please I recommend my soule vnto God who hath created it and knowes the truth that I am as I say Hauing thus led him through the citie He is put into a Galley they put him into the royall Galley where they attired him like a slaue and cut off the haire both of his head and beard which some gathered vp either through reuerence or superstition as a matter of great esteeme and then they fastened him to the chaine yet aduising them that they should not force him to rowe The galleyes passing from Naples to Barcelona arriued in August 1602 at the port of S. Lucar of Barameda whereas the Duke of Medina Sydonia and his wife were desirous to see him His discourse with the Duke of Medina Sidonia and the Duchesse who hauing deuised long with him he demaunded of the Duke if he had the sword which he had ginen him when he imbarked to goe into Barbarie The Duke answered It is true Don Sebastian king of Portugall presented me with a sword which I keepe among others Seeing you haue it yet said the Gallerien I pray you let me see it for although it be foure and twentie yeares since I gaue it you yet will I know it Whereupon the Duke caused a dozen to be brought but it being not among them he sent for others The Gallerian seeing it in the bringers hand behold said he vnto the Duke the sword which I gaue you when as I vndertooke my voyage into Afrike Then turning vnto the Duchesse who was Anna de Silua daughter to the prince of Eboli Cousin said he after that