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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A55007	The lives of the popes from the time of our saviour Jesus Christ, to the reign of Sixtus IV / written originally in Latine by Baptista Platina ... and translated into English, and the same history continued from the year 1471 to this present time, wherein the most remarkable passages of Christendom, both in church and state are treated of and described, by Paul Rycaut ...; Vitae pontificum. English	Platina, 1421-1481.; Rycaut, Paul, Sir, 1628-1700.	1685 (1685)	Wing P2403; ESTC R9221	956,457	865

any who complained against his justice but was esteemed by all for a just and an impartial Judg. Being returned to Rome it was not long before he was dispatched to Cologn in quality of Nuntio which employment may serve for an evident proof of the great esteem which the Court of Rome conceived of him when in that conjuncture of affairs all the World being disunited and at variance there required a Minister of more than ordinary conduct and dexterity to manage the difficulty of Treaties then in action for having to deal between the Catholicks and Protestants he could not act with due Equity towards the latter without giving scandal to the former and granting that which was detrimental and derogatory to the Power of the Roman Church And though the Negotiations of Chigi for the Interest and in favour of his Master the Pope were such as rather obstructed than forwarded the conclusion of the Treaty yet the Emperour and King of Spain Hollanders and French growing weary with the troubles of a bloudy War agreed of themselves without being obliged to the Pope for his Offices of Mediation for on the contrary the Articles agreed were so detrimental to the Ecclesiastical State that the Pope was so far from having a hand in the making of them that he wholly disowned and protested against them by his Nuntio Ghigi who in that dexterous and discreet manner so well represented his Master's complaints to the Imperial and Spanish Ministers that they could not but allow the resentments of the Pope to be just for which they had no excuse but the unhappy state and urgency of their affairs but as to the person of Ghigi and his conduct every one remained satisfied giving him the character of a prudent wise and an able Minister These Negotiations at Cologne rendered him more capable to serve the Papal Interest at Munster in quality of the Pope's Legat in which he behaved himself with such equality of mind and good temper towards the Protestants without offence to the opposite party that with general satisfaction he acquitted himself in this great charge all which being observed and known to Innocent X. he was in reward of his many Services promoted to the degree of Cardinal and afterwards was made Secretary in the place of Cardinal Panzirolo deceased a person of that judgment and quickness of parts fit for business that his equal perhaps was not again to be found in any part of the World And yet Ghigi pleased the Pope as well or perhaps better than Panzirolo for Innocent being on his death-bed where Men commonly put off all disguises of dissimulation declared that of all the Cardinals there was none more fit to succeed him than Chigi Howsoever in the Conclave there was scarce any task or discourse of Chigi for the first three months until at length being named the whole Colledg concurred with unanimous Votes in his Election the news of which was received in the City of Rome with extraordinary joy and satisfaction of the People The first ten days after his promotion he spent in ordering the state of his publick and private Affairs giving Audience to Ambassadours and receiving Visits and Complements from Cardinals and Civil Magistrates And on the 18th of April he was Crowned after the manner of other Popes in the great Portico of St. Peter's Church after which Ceremony was ended he was publickly heard to use this saying Vivo Ego jam non Ego vivit verò in me Christus I live but not I but Christ who liveth in me which was the Motto he commonly inscribed over the Chambers of his private retirements In the next place he wrote his Letters to the Kings of France and Spain acquainting them with his promotion to the Apostolical Chair and having given them the paternal Benediction he persuaded them to Peace and Concord amongst themselves and so turn their Forces against the Turks for assistance of the Venetians who were a match unequal to contend with so mighty an Emperour But before we proceed farther it is to be expected that we should make an end of the Story of Donna Olympia who remained all this while between hope and fear in what manner Alexander would deal with her Prince Pamfilio was one of the first who went to congratulate with him and her Ladyship that she might not be the last to express her joy sent her Maggiordomo or Steward to pay her Respects declaring the great joy she conceived to see one created Pope to whom her Kinsman had opened the way by making him Cardinal and her joys were consummate in that she had always represented him to Innocent as a Person of extraordinary Abilities so that she could not but share with him in the advance of his fortunes The Pope answered little and in ambiguous terms so that to discover his more deep and real thoughts Cardinal Azzolini was employed who making great professions in her behalf endeavoured to draw from the Pope something of his intentions towards her But Alexander who professed always to do things leisurely was not very open in declaring himself which gave Olympia the first occasion of distrust and indeed she had very much reason for every day made new discoveries of the corruptions and abuses she had exercised both in Civil and Ecclesiastical matters The Datary was wholly corrupted by the Simonies she had introduced all Places sold no Treasure left besides a thousand other Villanies and mischiefs she had committed There was not a day passed but the Pope had his hands filled with Memorials against her so that his zeal for the Church could not without scandal fit still and let slip such horrid Crimes without Punishment At the report hereof the Lady trembling with fear sent Cardinal Barberino to discourse the Pope before matters were gone too far but the Pope was too zealous and wife to hearken to any smooth and eloquent Speeches in her behalf and therefore positive in his resolutions sent his express Commands to Olympia to leave Rome in three days and in eight to be at Orvieto which is a City about thirty miles distant from Rome from whence she was not to remove without new Orders from the Pope There was no opposing these positive Commands which were neither to be questioned nor delayed so that her Ladyship privately departed the City for fear of being affronted by the Rabble who every where made Songs and Jests of her the same day that her Ladyship quitted Rome the Pope began to take the examination of Witnesses for drawing up the Process but the work was too tedious to be speedily finished for so many several Charges and Impeachments came daily against her that there was no end nor could the Books be shut up though swelled to incredible Volumes Wherefore to make short work the Pope commanded ten of the most material Points to be filed against her to which she was in the first place to give answer before a subsequent Charge was to be formed and

because I cry aloud and tell the people of their crimes and the Sons of the Church of their sins and have laid violent hands upon me even unto blood For the Kings of the Earth stood up and the Princes of the World with some Ecclesiasticks and others have conspired against the Lord and me his Anointed saying Let us break their bonds asunder and cast their yoke from us and this they did that they might either kill or banish me Of these one was King Henry as they call him Henry I say Son to Henry the Emperour who exalted his horns and lifted up his heel too proudly against the Church of God in a conspiracy with many Bishops of Italy Germany and France whose ambition your authority has yet opposed This same person came to me in Lombardy when he was rather forced by necessity than sober in his resolutions and begg'd to be absolv'd from his Anathema and accordingly I receiv'd him because I thought him a Penitent but only admitted him to the Communion of the Church not restored him to his Kingdom from which I had justly expelled him in the Council at Rome nor did I give the Subjects of the Kingdom leave to pay him their former Allegiance And this I did that if he delay'd his reconcilement with the neighbouring Nations whom he had always vexed and should refuse to restore as well Ecclesiastical as Secular Estates according to his word he might be forc'd to his duty by Anathema's and Arms. Some Bishops of Germany made use of this opportunity as also certain Princes who had been long tormented by this wild beast thought fit to chuse Rodolphus for their King and Governour since Henry had lost his Throne by his flagitious actions And truly Rodolphus like a modest and just King sent Embassadours to let me know he was forced to take the Government into his hand though he was not so desirous of Dominion but that he would rather obey us than those that had chosen him to the Kingdom That he would always be at Gods and our disposal and that we might believe him he offered his Sons for hostages for his performance Thereupon Henry began to rage and first to desire us that we would use our spiritual Sword to depose Rodolphus I answered him That I would see who had most right and would send Agents thither to examine the matter and then I my self would judg whose cause was the juster Henry would not suffer our Legates to determine the matter but kill'd a great many men both Ecclesiastical and Laick plunder'd and prophan'd Churches and by this means made himself obnoxious to an Anathema Wherefore I trusting in Gods mercy and judgment in the patronage of the blessed Virgin and relying upon your Authority do lay Henry and his accomplices under a Curse and once more deprive him of his regal Power interdicting all Christians whom I absolve from all Oaths of Allegiance to him from obeying Henry in any case whatever but command 'em to receive Rodolphus as their King whom many Princes of the Realm have chosen since Henry was deposed For it is fit that seeing Henry is deprived of his Power for his pride and contumacy Rodolphus who is beloved by all should be invested with the Kingly power and dignity for his Piety and Religion Go to then ye Princes of the holy Apostles and confirm what I have 〈◊〉 by your authority that all men at last may know that if you can bind and loose in Heaven that We also upon Earth can take away and give Kingdoms Principalities Empires and whatsoever is in the possession of Mortals For if you can judg of things divine what may we think of things prophane here below And if you may judg of Angels that govern proud Princes what may you not do to their Servants Let all Kings and Princes of the World take notice by his example what you can do in Heaven how God esteems you and then let 'em not contemn the Decrees of the Church And I 〈◊〉 you suddenly to execute judgment upon Henry that all may see that son of Iniquity did not lose his Kingdom by chance but by your permission and consent And this I have requested of you that he may repent and be saved in the day of Judgment by the help of your prayers Given at Rome the 5th of March Indiction III. After that he degraded Gilbert the Author of all this discord and Schism from the Church of Ravenna and commanded all Priests belonging to that Church to pay no obedience to him who was the cause of all their misfortunes and therefore Anathematized And that the people might not want a Governour he imitated Peter who used to send 〈◊〉 in his own room upon occasion and sent 'em another Arch bishop with full power to extirpate Gilbert's Faction and confirm mens minds in the faith But then Henry who was rather provoked than chastized by these Censures and had taken the Bishop of Ostia then Legate as he return'd home called a Council of the disaffected Bishops and chose Gilbert formerly Arch-bishop of Ravenna Pope and called him Clement But being teazed by the 〈◊〉 he left his new Pope for a time and went against them where he engaged and received a great overthrow Rodolphus though he was Conquerour yet was found dead at a little distance of a wound which he received They say Henry was so affrighted at that bloody ingagement that he could scarce be found in seventeen days and that the Germans in the mean time had put his Son Henry in his room by the name of Henry IV. Both these coming after with an united Body of Men into Italy to settle their Pope Clement in the Pontificate and to turn 〈◊〉 Gregory they easily subdu'd Maude who came to meet 'em with a small Army This same Maude when her first Husband died not long before that time was married to Azo Marquis d'Este her former Husbands near kinsman by blood and related to her in the third degree of Affinity But when the matter was known she was divorced from Azo at Gregory's persuasion Henry having conquer'd Maude at Parma march'd to Rome and her Husband Azo after an hostile manner and pitch'd his Camp in the Prati di Nerone and going into the Borgo di Sancto Pietro he and his Pope Clement prophaned St. Peter's Church and demolish'd the Portico and did the like by St. Pauls But seeing he could not get into the City he went to Tivoli from whence as from a Castle he made daily incursions upon the Romans till by wasting all that came near him he reduced them to such necessity that they desired Peace upon any terms of which notice being given to Henry by some deserters who got out of the Town he drew his men up and entred in whereupon the Pope who could not trust the People betook himself into the Castle St. Angelo where he was besieged for some time they within maintaining the place stoutly Gregory's Nephew

nenew'd and quarter given to all that desired and would lay down their Arms. But the Christians after such a Victory when they had rested eight days from the toil of War and had visited the holy places of the City and our Lord's Sepulchre took Godfrey upon their shoulders and carry'd him into the Palace where by universal consent they chose him King And he though he did not refuse the Title of King yet he would not have a golden Crown because he thought it unseemly for any one to wear a golden Diadem where Christ the King of Kings wore one of Thorns when he redeemed mankind Then also was Arnulphus the Priest made Patriarch and consecrated by the Bishops that were there present The Citizens of Neapolis in Assyria were so frighted at this Victory that they sent Ambassadours to Godfrey to surrender themselves and all they had Soon after news came that a mighty Army of Soliman King of Babylon was come to Ascalon a City twenty miles from Jerusalem was always in 〈◊〉 with the People of it Godfrey resolv'd to meet 'em and therefore left Peter the Hermit to guard the City and recall'd Eustace and Tancred whom he had sent to Neapoli with two Legions As he march'd against the Enemy he was inform'd by the Prisoners he took that Clement was Soliman's General and had fifty thousand Men under him and a Navy laden with Provision and Artillery but notwithstanding was resolv'd to fight him which he did and Godfrey who had the day kill'd thirty thousand of his Men as the story goes But Clement who led the Enemy escaped away The Ascalonites having received such a blow deliver'd up their City streight to Godfrey in which he found as much Gold and Silver as ever was seen together before Jerusalem being thus retaken many of the Princes who had perform'd their Vow and had their desire began to take their journeys home into Europe among the rest the Earls of S. Giles and Troyes But Godfrey and his Brothers who had great success took Joppa a Sea-port Town and Rama which hinder'd the Christians passage from Ascalon to Jerusalem He also besieged Cassa otherwise called Porfiria at tho foot of Mount Carmel four miles from Acon But whilest the Siege lasted Tiberias a Town of Galilee surrender'd of their own accord and Caffa was not long after yielded upon terms But nothing that Men call Happiness is very lasting For a year after the taking of Jerusalem which cost so much labour and pains Godfrey died of a Fever and the Christians to prevent any damage that might happen by an Interregnum 〈◊〉 Brother Baldwin in his room A. D. 1101. But to return to Paschal whom Gregory the Seventh made Cardinal Priest of S. Clements for his Learning and Vertue He was chosen Pope by the Clergy after Urban's death though he could have been well satisfied with a private life for he was formerly a Monk and made Pope against his will denying himself to be capable of so great a Charge but yet at the desire of the People because the Clergy chose him unanimously and the College of Cardinals approved of it he did take upon him the Pontificate but not till they had thrice repeated these words with acclamations St. Peter has chosen Rainerius a very good Man Pope and the Secretaries and Clerks after that gave him the Title of Paschal Then he put on his Scarlet Cloak or Robe with a Mitre on his Head and was attended to the Lateran by the Clergy and People upon a white Horse until he came to the South Portico that leads to St. Saviours Where when he had sate some time in a Seat made on purpose as the custom is he went up into the Court of the Lateran and put on a Girdle upon which hung seven Keyes and seven Seals to let him know that according to the seven fold grace of the Holy Ghost he had Power to govern the Church under God and to bind loose open or shut Then with a Papal Scepter in his hand he visited those places which are to be enter'd onely to 〈◊〉 and the day following he received his Consecration at St. Peter's where Oddo Bishop of Ostia Maurice of Porto Gualter of Alba Bono of Lavico Milo of Palestrina and Offo of Nepeso anointed him with Chrism at which Ceremony the Bishop of Ostia had the chief Place which continues so till this day After his Unction he return'd into the City and took his Crown according to the Custom That this would so happen Albert Bishop of Alatri had formerly foretold For being ask'd by a Friend of his who he thought would succeed Urban God said he will choose Rainerius for his faith and constancy Nay they say that the same Albert foretold also the exact time that he should live in his Pontificate But Paschal who consulted the good of the Church then like to be ruin'd by seditious Men sent out his Forces against Gibert the Anti-Pope the Ring leader of all the mischief And to render himself sufficient for so great a War he borrowed several Troops of Roger Earl of Sicily and a thousand ounces of Gold Gibert that Villain lived then at Abba de Marsi and when he understood that the Enemy was coming he durst not trust to his own strength which he had procured of Richard Count of Capua but left Alba and went with all speed into the Mountains near Aquila where not long after he died suddenly and paid for all his iniquities But notwithstandstanding his being taken off the Church of God did not rest altogether from troubles For Richard who we told you supply'd him with Men and Mony put up in his room one Albert a Citizen of Aversa between 〈◊〉 and Capua who was compelled immediately by the well-affected Party to quit the place and go into banishment But the People of Cava near Palestrina following the Example of Richard's solly and arrogance made one Frederick Pope But they also repented of what they had done and one hundred and five days after turn'd him out of his Pontificate compelled him to take upon him the habit of an Anchorite and lead a private life Besides these there was a Third also one Maginulphus a Roman who was so bold as to usurp the Title of Pope at Ravenna But the Romans banish'd him and those of Ravenna when he had no Friend left expelled him their City The Roman Church being thus settled Paschal who was a Man of great Wit and Courage diverted his Mind from Religion to Arms and by the help of Roger retook Castellana and Benevento from the Enemies But in the mean time Peter Columna a Roman Citizen by the advice of Richard Count of Capua whose main design was to divide the Pope's Army seiz'd upon Cava a Town in the Pope's Dominions Thereupon the Pope marched against him and not only retook Cava but also took from him Zangarola and Columna two Castles of his paternal Inheritance from whence the Family of

regular management of Affairs during the vacancy of the Papal Chair The day following being the second day Cardinal Montalto acquainted the Congregation that he had received Orders from the Grand Duke to let them know that Cardinal de Medicis could not judg himself safe at Rome whilst the Power of the City and of the Militia remained in the hands of Taddeo Barberin his mortal Enemy and therefore he desired that either an other General of the Forces of the Church might be nominated or else that he might have license to enter Rome with his own Guards of Soldiers for defence and security of his Person and that otherwise in case of refusal he protested against the legality of the Conclave as not free nor secure to those Members who resorted to it After mature consideration of this Point the whole Congregation of Cardinals excepting some few agreed that it was not fit to remove Taddeo either from one or the other Office but in regard the Spanish Faction who were close Adherers to the House of Medicis were of Opinion that some satisfaction ought to be given to the Grand Duke herein it was concluded and agreed That the Sacred Colledg of Cardinals should by a Writing subscribed with their own hands give Security and Assurance to Cardinal de Medecis that nothing should be attempted in Rome against his Person Secondly That two other Cardinals should be joined in Commission with Taddeo the Prefect in the Government of the City And thirdly That a Lieutenant General should be created Independent of the Prefect with absolute Power over the Soldiery These Expedients having given satisfaction to Cardinal de Medicis and the Funeral Rites of Vrban being performed the Cardinals to the number of fifty five entered the Conclave The Persons which seemed to stand most fair for the Election were the Cardinals Pamphilio and Sachetti one of which Cardinal Barberin was desirous to promote though he was most inclined to the first for though Sachetti was esteemed for a great Lover and Friend of the Family of the Barberins in general yet Pamfilio was reputed to be more intimate with Cardinal Barberin and one who entertained a particular affection for his Person Howsoever Sachetti was the first in nomination but wanting the number of Votes required in the Scrutiny the Conclave proceeded to others all which by the contrariety of Factions and Interests were rejected But at length Pamfilio to whom Cardinal Barberin had passed some Promises and assurances of favour before the beginning of the Conclave was after a contest of six weeks by a general concurrence of all the Cardinals five only excepted assumed to the Pontifical Dignity to which the Power and Interest of the Barberins did much contribute who by the long Reign and Government of Vrban their Uncle had contracted great friendships as well as enmities Cardinal Pamfilio whose title was St. Eusebius was born at Rome his Father was Camillo Pamfilio his Mother Flaminia del Bufalo both antient Families of Rome His younger years were employed in profitable Studies in which he became so great a Proficient that at the years of twenty he took his Degree of Doctor of the Civil Law by vertue of which he was made one of the Advocates of the Consistory and thence promoted by Clement VIII to be Auditor of the Rota by Gregory XV. he was sent Nuntio to Naples by Vrban VIII he was sent with Cardinal Francisco his Nephew in quality of the first Minister of the Legation or Embassy into France and at his return was created Patriarch of Antioch Afterwards he was sent with Cardinal Francisco when he went Legate into Spain and bore the same Office and quality of the first Minister of the Legation as he had done in France in discharge of which he gave such testimonies of his Abilities and faithfulness that the Legate being intirely satisfied with his management and conduct of Affairs left him at his departure in the Residency of Nuntio in Ordinary for the Court of Rome In which Office he so well acquitted himself to the satisfaction of the Pope and contentment of his Catholick Majesty that in the year 1627. he was created Cardinal though by reason of his continuance in the Court of Spain his promotion was not published until the year 1629. And being returned to Rome in the year 1630. he received the Cardinals Hat in a full Consistory After which he was made Prefect of the Ecclesiastical Immunities and lastly Supreme Judg of the Inquisition and Protectour of the Kingdom of Poland And having risen by such degrees and steps of Honour he was at length elected Pope on the 15th of September 1644. calling himself by the name of Innocent X. in honour to the memory of Pope Innocent his Uncle by the Mothers side The Cardinals then present at the Conclave having after this Election performed according to the usual custom their acts of Adoration to the person of the Pope Francisco Barberino took the Cross and carried it before the Pope though that Office properly belonged to Cardinal de Medicis the Chief Deacon who perhaps for some dislike of the Choice and for want of concurrence in any thing pleasing to the Barberins had excused or absented himself And thus Cardinal Barberin carrying the Cross conducted the Pope before the High Altar of St. Peter where with a loud Voice he uttered these words Annuncio vobis gaudium magnum habemus Papam Eminentissimum Reverendissimum Joannem Baptistam Pamphilium qui sibi nomen imposuit Innocentius Decimus On the 4th of October Cardinal de Medicis set the tripple Crown on his Head with great applause and acclamations of the People for though this Cardinal had excused himself from carrying the Cross before him after his Election as his Office of Arch-Deacon did require upon imagnations perhaps that the Pope would become a favourer of the Barberins his mortal Enemies as his gratitude to that Family might require yet having in that Interval of time which was between his Election and Coronation discovered that his inclinations were otherwise disposed as we shall hereafter make appear he then altered his Affections to the Pope and became willing to plant the Crown upon his head On this occasion some Medals were stamped with the Image of our Lady with this Inscription Vnde venit Auxilium mihi But his own Motto was Da Servo Tuo Cor Docile ut Populum Tuum judicare possit And now all the Ceremonies of his Inauguration being past he began to apply his mind to the Government of Church and State and in the first place he ordained a Congregation to inspect and state the accounts of the Church and contrive some ways and means for payment of Debts and then according to the custom of former Popes he provided for a cheap year and to make Bread and other Victuals plentiful in the City than which nothing can be more acceptable to the People of Rome who always labour under the scarcity of