Which the same ingenious person at least questions not and therefore wishes tryals may be made of the Tithymali Esulae and especially of Pinguicula and Ros Solis which last sucks up moisture faster than the Sun can exhale it and is bedewed all over at Noon-day notwithstanding its power Nor doubts he but that Wormwood and all other Plants that are very hot and of strong smells expire as much if not more than Mint 98 There are also several Arts used about the Corn in this County whil'st in the blade and straw that belong to this place such as eating it off with Sheep if too rank to make it grow strong and prevent lodging whil'st the Corn is young they also weed it cutting the thistles with a hook but rattles they handweed as soon as in flower and so they do cockles when they intend the Corn for seed If the Crows toward Harvest are any thing mischievous as they many times are destroying the Corn in the outer limits of the Fields they dig a hole narrow at the bottom and broad at the top in the green swarth near the Corn wherein they put dust and cinders from the Smiths forge mixt with a little Gun-powder and in and about the holes stick feathers Crow-feathers if they can get them which they find about Burford to have good success 99. They cut their Wheat here rather a little before than let it stand till it be over-ripe for if it be cut but a little too soon the shock will ripen it and the Corn will be beautiful whereas if it stand too long much will shatter out of the head in reaping especially if the wind blow hard and that the best Corn too the worst only remaining which will be pale in the hand an unpardonable fault where the Baker is the Chapman In reaping Wheat and Rye they use not the sicle but a smooth edged hook laying their Corn in small hand-fulls all over the Field I suppose that it may the sooner dry in case wet come before they bind it which they do in very small sheaves and very loose in comparison of some other Counties They shock it rafter-wise ten sheaves in a shock which if set wide in the but-end will be very copped and sharp at the top and will bear out rain beyond hope or almost credit 100. They count their Barly ripe as they do their Wheat when it hangs the head and the straw has lost its verdure which they mow with a sithe without a cradle never binding but raking it together and cocking it with a fork which is usually a trident whose teeth stand not in a row but meet pyramidally in a center at the staff They let it lie in the swathe a day or two which both ripens the Corn and withers the weeds Oats and all mixed Corns called Horse-meat are Harvested somtimes with two reaping hooks whereof the manner is thus The Work-man taking a hook in each hand cuts them with that in his right hand and rolls them up the while with that in his left which they call bagging of Peas Others they cut with a reaping hook set in a staff about a yard long and then they cut and turn the Peas before them with both hands till they have a wad which they lay by and begin again and this they call cutting with the staff-hook But the sithe they say is much the speediest way which if used with care cuts them as well and clean as either of the other 101. After the sithe they wad both Beans and Peas and so turn them till they are throughly withered and dry and then cock and fit them for carriage only with this difference that Beans while they are cocked and carryed have the loose stalks pickt up by hand the rake being apt to beat the Beans out of the pods as they are drawn up against the leg All sorts of Cocks are best made of a middleing cize and well top'd the advantages are that these are apprehended at least to take less wet with the same rain than greater and will dry again without breaking whereas the great cocks after rain must be pulled to pieces which cannot be done without great loss for in the opening and turning much Corn will be beaten out and that certainly the best too 102. If their Corn be brought home a little moister or greener than ordinary or the weeds be not let lie to be throughly shrunk or wither'd that they suspect it may heat in the Barn more than ordinary for it is kind for Corn and fodder to heat a little then they draw a Cubb or Beer-lip which others call the Seed-cord up the middle of the mow or stack and through the hole that this leaves the heat will ascend and so prevent mow-burning Or if it heat in the Barn beyond expectation and be like to do amiss they then pull a hole in the middle from the top to the bottom which will also help it much They draw an old Axel-tree of a Cart up a Hay-rick to the same purpose if they think their Hay of the greenest or over moist when stacked 103. But the best contrivance I ever yet saw to prevent the fireing of Ricks of Hay or Sainct-foin I met with at Tusmore at the Worshipful Richard Fermors Esq where they let in square pipes made of boards of a foot diagonal to the middle of their stacks to give them Air perpetually the number of pipes bearing proportion to the bigness of the Ricks which no question may also be as rationally applyed to stacks of Corn whenever thought subject to the same danger 104. To preserve their Ricks of Corn lyable to rats and mice they commonly place them in this Country on standers and caps of stone the standers being four Obeliscs about two foot high and the caps as many Hemispherical stones placed upon them with the flat sides downwards on which having laid four strong pieces of Timber and other Joists to bear up the Corn they place their Ricks which then are not annoyed by mice or rats at least not so much as stacks on the ground by reason the Hemispherical stones being planums at the bottom though they may possibly ascend the standers well enough yet can scarce get up the caps whose broad bottoms hang so over them in plano Horizontis that they must needs fall in the attempt 105. The Cart they most use to bring home their Corn is the two-wheeled long Cart having shambles over the shafts or thills a Cart Ladder at the breech and hoops over the wheels on which they will lay great and very broad loads though it go not so secure and steady as a Waggon which notwithstanding that advantage is of but little use here only amongst Carriers c. They use also a sort of Cart they call a Whip-lade or Whip-cart whose hinder part is made up with boards after the manner of a Dung-cart having also a head of boards and shambles over the thills which head being
all posterity 153. There are several other roofs in this Vniversity also well worth the noting whereof some are flat or under-pitched as the roof of the great Hall at Christ Church College and the roofs of the Chappels and Halls at Magdalen College and New College others due proportion'd or over-pitched such as at Jesus Wadham Corpus Christi Exeter and Oriel Colleges which yet having nothing extraordinary either in their contrivance or workmanship I pass them by and proceed next 154. To some remarkable pieces of Painting that we have here at Oxon amongst which to omit the deformation of a Caesars head to be seen in the Schools brought into shape by a metalline Cylinder and several others of the kind at Sir Anthony Copes and that Painting it self was first brought into England by Venerable Bede of this Vniversity w Vid. Comment in Carmen phaleucium Joh. Seldeni before Hoptons Concordance of Yearâ— I take the Painting of the Theater to be well worth examination for in imitation of the Theaters of the ancient Greeks and Romans which were too large to be covered with lead or tile so this by the Painting of the flat roof within is represented open and as they stretched a cordage from Pilaster to Pilaster upon which they strained a covering of cloth to protect the people from the injuries of the weather so here is a cord-molding guilded that reaches cross and cross the house both in length and bredth which supporteth a great reddish Drapery supposed to have covered the roof but now furl'd up by the Genii round about the House toward the walls which discovereth the open Air and maketh way for the descent of the Arts and Sciences that are congregated in a circle of clouds to whose assembly Truth descends as being sollicited and implored by them all 155. For joy of this Festival some other Genii sport about the Clouds with their Festoons of Flowers and Lawrels and prepare their garlands of Lawrels and Roses viz. Honor and Pleasure for the great lovers and students of those Arts and that this assembly might be perfectly happy their great enemies and disturbers Envy Rapin and Brutality are by the Genii of their opposite Virtues viz. Prudence Fortitude and Eloquence driven from the society and thrown down head-long from the Clouds The report of the assembly of the one and the expulsion of the other being proclaimed through the open and serene Air by some other of the Genii who blowing their antick Trumpets divide themselves into the several Quarters of the World Hitherto in gross TAB XIIII ad pag. 274. To the right Worsp ll S. r FRANCJS WENACAN K. t Bar. t K. t of the SHIRE in the p.sent Parliam t This 14 Table Shewing the Timberwork of the THEATER will all due respect is humbly dedicated by R.P. L.L.D. Burghers sculp 156. More particularly the circle of Figures consists first of Theology with her Book with seven seals imploring the assistance of Truth for the unfolding of it On her left hand is the Mosaical Law vailed with the Tables of stone to which she points with her Iron rod. On her right hand is the Gospel with the Cross in one hand and a Chalice in the other In the same division over the Mosaical Law is History holding up her Pen as dedicating it to Truth and an attending Genius with several fragments of old Writing from which she collects her History into her Book On the other side near the Gospel is Divine Poesy with her Harp of Davids fashion 157. In the triangle on the right hand of the Gospel is also Logick in a posture of arguing and in another on the left hand of the Mosaical Law is Musick with her antick Lyre having a Pen in her hand and paper of musick notes on her knee with a Genius on her right hand a little within the partition of Theology playing on a flute being the emblem of the most ancient musick and on the left but within the partition for Physick Dramatick Poesy with a vizor representing Comedy a bloody dagger for Tragedy and the reed pipe for Pastoral 158. In the square on the right side of the Circle is Law with her ruling scepter accompanied with Records Patents and Evidences on the one side and on the other with Rhetorick by these is an attending Genius with the scales of Justice and a figure with a Palm branch the emblem of reward for virtuous actions and the Roman Fasces the marks of Power and Punishment Printing with a Case of Letters in one hand and a Form ready set in the other and by her several sheets hanging as a drying 159. On the left side the Circle opposite to Law is Physick holding the knotty staff of Esculapius with a serpent winding about it The Botanist imploring the assistance of Truth in the right understanding of the nature of her Plants Chymistry with a Retort in her hands and Chyrurgery preparing her self to finish the dissecting of a head which hath the brain already opened and held before her by one of the Genii 160. On the other side of the circle opposite to Theology in three squares are the Mathematical sciences depending on demonstration as the other on Faith in the first of which is Astronomy with the Celestial globe Geography with the terrestrial together with three attending Genii having Arithmetick in the square on one hand with a paper of figures Optick with the Perspective-glass Geometry with a pair of compasses in her left and a Table with Geometrical figures in it in her right hand And in the square on the other hand Architecture embracing the capitel of a column with compasses and the norma or square lying by her and a workman holding another square in one hand and a plumb-line in the other 161. In the midst of these squares and triangles as descending from above is the figure of Truth siting on a cloud in one hand holding a Palm-branch the emblem of Victory in the other the Sun whose brightness enlightens the whole circle of figures and is so bright that it seems to hide the face of her self to the spectators below 162. Over the entrance of the front of the Theater are three figures tumbling down first Envy with her snaky hairs squint eyes hags breasts pale venomous complexion strong but ugly limbs and rivel'd skin frighted from above by the sight of the shield of Pallas with the Gorgons head in it against which she opposes her snaky tresses but her fall is so precipitous that she has no command of her arms 163. Then Rapine with her fiery eyes grinning teeth sharp twangs her hands imbrewed in blood holding a bloody dagger in one hand in the other a burning Flambeau with these Instruments threatning the destruction of Learning and all its habitations but is overcome and so prevented by a Herculean Genius or Power Next that is represented brutish scoffing Ignorance endeavoring to vilifie and contemn what she understands not which is
Antiquities of the English Nation cap. 5. sub finem it was at length called ƿallengaford now more contractedly Wallengford 25. Which 't is plain stood not formerly where it now doth this old Vallum or high ridged way pointing down from between Mungewell and Nuneham-Warren on Oxford-shire side the River as described in the Map near a mile below the Town as it is now seated whereabout in all likelyhood on the other side the River stood that part of the City containing the 12 Parishes laid desolate by a great Plague that reigned there temp Edw. 3. Which great blow it could never recover though much endeavored by Rich. 2. the Bridges of Abington and Dorchester being also about that time built which diverted the Trade another way whereas before there was no passage over the Thames but here at Wallengford c Vid. Lelandi Comment in Cygneam Cantionem in verbo Caleva 26. This Vallum or ridged Bank now called Grimes-dike as it runs towards Pontes yet remains very high but is but single till it comes to the Woods near Tuffield alias Nuffield where it appears double with a deep trench between like the ways near Piperno and at Porto in Italy d Vid. Leon. Bapt. Alberti de re Aedific lib. 4. cap. 5. which induces me to believe that that part next Wallengford was once so too and therefore still called Grimes-ditch the trench in all likelyhood being filled up with one of the banks thrown into it upon the increase of Agriculture perhaps at first designed only to carry off the water and the two banks on each side for the carriages 'twixt the stations * Ibidem those from Wallengford to Pontes going upon one Bank and those from Pontes to Wallengford upon the other so that there could be no disturbance by meeting on the way From Tuffield I was told it held on its course through the thick Woods and passed the River below Henly into Berk-shire again but the Woods scarce admitting a foot passage much less for a Horse I could not conveniently trace it any further 27. There seems also to have been cast up another Roman way between the old City of Alcester in the Parish of Wendlebury of which more anon in its proper place and the City of Calleva whereof there is part to be seen to this day running quite cross Otmoor as described in the Map and coming out of the Moor under Beckley Park-wall which 't is plain has been paved as indeed it had need by the stones yet found upon and about the ridge and no where else on the Moor. From Beckly it passes on to and may plainly be seen in the Wood near Stockers where cutting the London road to Worcester it goes plainly through the fields to Stafford-Grove and thence over Bayards watering-place toward Heddington Quarry pits leaving Shotover-hill on the left and the Pits on the right hand 28. At the foot of Shotover-hill it enters Magdalen College Coppices and thence through Brasen-nose College Coppices over the Eastern part of Bullington-green as I gather by its pointing for it is not to be seen there it having been ploughed down as well in the green as fields thereabout as may be seen by the marks of the ridge and furrow yet remaining upon it whence I guess it passes on towards the two Baldens and so for Wallingford going over the River at Benson alias Bensington where it may be seen again running West of the Church and is there called by the name of Medlers-bank 29. If it be asked why this way 'twixt Wallengford and Alcester was laid so crooked it is plain 't was for the convenience of taking Oxford in the way as occasion should serve For though I could not discover the diverticulum tending toward Oxford in the way from Wallengford yet in the way from Alcester it remains at some places yet plain and evident coming out of the main road about the Parish of Beckley and passing more Westward through Stow-wood and more particularly through the grounds still called Principal for that they were formerly the Principal Coppices before the dis-forresting that Wood where the way is to be seen entire and perfect having formerly been paved as appears by a ditch cut through the bank in a division of these grounds where the stones lie arch-wise in form of the bank there being none neither like them in the fields thereabouts 30. Coming almost as far as Elsfield where it is now deeply trenched between two banks like some part of Grimes-dike mentioned above it is broken down and discontinued I suppose by ploughing but points just upon Heddington whereof the hollow lane ascending into the Town near Mr. Pawlings new Buildings perhaps may be a part and the deep way between two green banks a little on this side Heddington another and the hollow way on the brow of Heddington-hill another piece of it Out of which there seems also another way to have branched about the top of the hill which passing through the grounds 'twixt that and Marston-lane where it is plain to be seen by its pointing shews as if it once passed the River above Holy-well Church straight upon St. Giles's or the old Bellositum now Beaumont where about Thomas Rudburn in his Chronicon Hydense says anciently before its restoration by Aelfred the Vniversity was seated Quae Vniversitas Oxoniae quondam says he having before discoursed of its restoration by Aelfred erat extra Portam Borealem ejusdem Vrbis erat principalis Ecclesia totius Cleri Ecclesia Sancti Aegidii extra eandem portam * Chronicon Hydense MS. inter 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 〈◊〉 Oxoniens Which two put together perhaps may make as much for the Antiquity of this place as need be brought for it 31. Beside this branch out of the way 'twixt Alcester and Wallengford pointing toward Oxford I must not forget there is another that seems designedly made for a passage hither immediatly from Alcester whereof there is a part still remaining about Noke whence it passes through the fields to the purlue grounds where it cuts the Worcester road and so into Drunshil formerly a part of the Forrest of Stow-wood where about fourteen years since there were several Roman Vrns and Coins dug up beyond which place I could not trace it it being ploughed down in the following grounds which yet is the best conjecture I can make of it unless we shall rather say it was only laid this way to avoid Otmoor in the winter season when it is usually under water and that it turned about again as indeed it seems to point and joyned with the foremention'd to Wallengford and Oxford 32. Nor must it be omitted that the people hereabout call that part of this way that lies through Otmoor by the name of Akeman-street supposing it to have come from Wallengford and to have passed on by Alcester to Banbury to which name of theirs and course of the way Mr. Camden seems to afford
of squaring the Circle Arithmetically according to any way of notation yet generally received n Vid. Arithmeticam Infinitorum Prop. 190. cum Scholio sequ and what kind of new notation must be introduced to express it with divers methods of squaring the Circle Ellipsis and Hyperbole so far as the nature of Numbers will bear having apply'd his method of Infinites in order thereunto as also for rectifying of Curve-lines plaining of Curve-surfaces squaring of innumerable sorts of Curve-lined figures plain and solid amongst which are a multitude of figures of infinite length and finite content determining their Centers of Gravity and other accidents 198. He has also adjusted the strength of percussions and reflexions or repercussions and other motions to Geometrical measures deduced from principles of Elasticity and has estimated the artificial force acquired in all sorts of Mechanick Engins deduced from our common principle of the Reciprocation of strength and time with many other improvements of Arithmetick Algebra Geometry Mechanicks and other parts of Mathematicks in his Arithmetick of Infinites his Treatise of the Cycloid with that adjoyned of the rectification of Curves his Treatise of Motion and other his Printed Works 199. In Musick which is Arithmetick adorned with sounds to pass by a Harpsechord that I met with at Sir Tho. Penystons with Cats-gut strings It hath been lately observed here at Oxford that though Viol or Lute strings rightly tuned do affect one another yet most of them do it not in all places alike as has till now been supposed for if the lesser of two Octaves be touched with the hand or bow each half of the greater will answer it but will stand still in the middle and if the greater of the two Octaves be touched on either of its halves all the lesser will answer it but if touched on the middle the lesser will not stir any where at all So if the lesser string of two fifths be touched on either of its halves each third part of the greater will answer it but if on the middle they will not stir and if the greater of two fifths be touched on either of its thirds each half of the lesser will answer it but if in the divisions they will not stir and so of twelfths fifteenths c. 200. Which Phaenomena I shall always gratefully acknowledge were first discovered to me by the ingenious Thomas Pigot B. A. and Fellow of Wadham College which have also been observed for about these two years by the no less ingenious William Noble M. A. of Merton College The solution whereof in all their Cases as received from the learned and accurate hand of the Reverend Narcissus Marsh D. D. and Principal of St. Alban Hall one of the most cordial Encouragers of this Design take as followeth which though so exquisitely done that it seems not capable of much addition or amendment yet he modestly will have called but a short Essay touching the esteemed Sympathy between Lute or Viol strings 201. Wherein he first lays it down as a Postulatum that if two Lute or Viol strings be rightly tuned the one being touched with the hand or bow the other will answer or tremble at its motion which holds also in some measure in Wire strings and between Organ pipes and Viol strings but not between Wire and Viol strings For the clearer solution of which Phaenomenon in all its cases he has laid down these two following Principles Princip 1. That strings which are Vnisons are of the same or a proportionable length bigness and tension so that by how much any string is longer than other caeteris paribus by so much smaller or more tended and by how much bigger by so much shorter or more tended must it be to render them Vnisons which will appear in the following Cases Whereunto he premiseth That in strings moved by an equal force through a like medium the difference of motion does arise from the difference of magnitude and tension wherefore the force and medium being alike he Premiseth 1. That strings of the same cize move equally fast because they cut the Air with the same facility Hence 2. That the greater any string is in diameter or circumference the slower it moves and on the contrary because it finds the greater resistance in the Air. 3. That strings of the same length and tension move to the same distance because they have the same compass to play Hence 4. That the longer or less tended any string is the farther it moves and on the contrary because of the greater compass it can fetch Whence he infers this Conclusion That in strings moved through the same medium the swiftness of motion does arise from the greater force and less cize or bigness the compass of vibration from the greater length or force and less tension and the quickness or frequency of vibration from the greater or swifter motion and less compass 202. This premised he proceeds to his first Hypothesis and shews that if A B and C D Tab. 15. Fig. 1. be equal in length as in Viol strings what sounds and vibrations they will produce according to their different bigness and tension in the following Cases Cas 1. Let A B = i. e. be equal to C D Tab. 15. Fig. 1. have the same cize and tension and be touched with an equal force they will vibrate to equal distances EG = IK per praemissam 3 in the same time per praem 1. whereby striking the Air into alike arches or arches of equal circles with the same briskness and alike quick or frequent returns of their vibrations they will produce the same sound and so be unisons 1 to 1 vibration Cas 2. Let A B = C D Fig. 1. have the same cize and a greater tension 't will with the same force vibrate proportionably to a less distance per praemis 4. in a shorter time per praem 1. as if double the tension to half the distance EF = 1 2 EG or IK in half the time striking the air into an arch of a greater circle and that so much the greater as A B is a chord of fewer degrees to A G B the less which doing brisk and smartly with a quick return because of the little compass it fetches 't will beget a sound so much the more acute as its vibrations are shorter and thereby come thicker and oftner i. e. of double the acuteness or an upper octave to C D 2 to 1 vibration Cas 3. Let A B = C D Tab. 15. Fig. 2. have a greater cize and the same tension it will with the same force vibrate to the same distance E G = I K per praem 3. but in a longer time proportionably per praem 2. as if it be double in diameter and so in circumference i. e. quadruple in bulk in twice the time striking a Note so much the more grave as its vibrations return slower and seldomer and are thereby fewer i. e. twice as grave or
or compound Cases which are infinite according to the divers unequal proportions of length bigness and tension but being all made out of or founded on these they will all hold true in Analogy to them 204. From many of which Cases 't is plain and easie that the sympathy and consent of strings lies not wholly in their like tension and formation of pores as was supposed § 24. of the first Chapter of this Book Whence also 't is equally easie to make these three following Illations 1. That strings agreeing in either length bigness or tension can be made unisons but four ways 1. If they be of the same length bigness and tension per Cas 1. Hyp. 1. 2. Of the same length and one a cize and tension equally greater than the other per Cas 4. Hyp. 1. 3. Of the same cize and one a length and tension equally greater per Cas 2. Hyp. 2. 4. Of the same tension and one as much longer as 't is less per Cas 5. Hyp. 2. and after the same manner when they disagree in all three as will be obvious to the considering Wherefore unisons are always strings of the same or a proportionable length bigness and tension 2. That unisons may be moved by the same force in the same time or being moved by the same or an equal force will vibrate in the same time as is manifest in the fore-mentioned Cases to which all others bear Analogy 3. That octaves being moved by the same or an equal force the upper will vibrate in half the time that the under does or twice to it s once per Cas 2 3. Hyp. 1. Cas 1 6 7 9. Hyp. 2. wherefore they can by no force be made to vibrate together for as much as the same string being of the same length and tension always vibrates in the same time a greater force only making it fly out to a greater distance or fetch a greater compass in its vibrations and thereby move but not vibrate faster per Conclus post Praemissas And the same is verified concerning all other Notes 205. Having done with his first Principle with the Hypotheses and several Cases attending it the same Reverend and Learned Dr. N. M. proceeds to his second Principle viz. That all tuned strings either are or consist of unisons which will plainly appear from the division of the Monochord where 1. Vnisons are as AB to BC Fig. 6. 1 to 1 part or vibration per Illationem 1. 2. 2. A Diapason or Octaves as BC to CD Fig. 7. 1 to 2 Vnisons or 2 to 1 Vibrat per Illat. 3. 3. A Diapente or perfect fifths as CD to DE Fig. 8. 2 to 3 Vnisons or 3 to 2 vibrat 4. A Diaâ—â—sseron or fourths as DE to EF Fig. 9. 3 to 4 Vnisâ—â—â— or 4 to 3 vibrat 5. A Ditone or greater thirds as EF to FG Fig. 10. 4 to 5 Vnisons or 5 to 4 vibrat 6. A Semiditone or lesser thirds as FG to GH Fig. 11. 5 to 6 Vnisons or 6 to 5 vibrat 7. A Diapason with a Diapente or twelfths as IK to KL Fig. 12. 1 to 3 Vnisons or 3 to 1 vibrat 8. A Disdiapason or fifteenths as MN to NO Fig. 13. 1 to 4 Vnisons or 4 to 1 vibrat And so for the rest whereof the chief may be expressed on one line Fig. 14. Where AB AC or AC CG or AD. AG. are 8. AC AD. or AE AG. 5. AD. AE 4 AE AF 3 ma. AF. AG. 3 mi. AD. AF. 6. AC AF. 10. AB AD. or AB BE. or AC AG. 12. AB AE or AB BF or AB CG 15. AB AF. or AB BG 17. AB AG. 19. 206. And thus much for his Principles whence he goes on to some special or particular Propositions in order to demonstrate the late observed Phaenomena which immediatly follow Prop. 1. If two strings be tuned Vnisons AB BC. Fig. 6. and either be touched with the hand or bow the other will answer it by trembling at its motion For the Air being put into an arched figure and motion by the string that is touched rolls away to the other which finding of a length bigness and tension that are the same or proportionable per Illat 1. it easily by the force it received from the touched string imprints both figure and motion into it in the first Case per Cas 1. Hyp. 1. Princ. 1. or else communicates its motion only in the second per Illat. 2. whereby the next undulation of Air from the touched string taking it just at its return and in like manner the consequent ones and moving it as before they continue their vibrations together passibus aequis Q. E. D. Prop. 2. If the lesser of two Octaves BC be touched Fig. 7. each half of the greater C2 2D will answer it the middle 2 standing still which he thus demonstrates About CD wrap loosly 3 narrow strips of paper one in the middle 2 the other betwixt C2 and 2 D exemp gr in p and q then with the finger or bow strike BC or any part of it and you will see the papers in p q dance and play up and down and about the string 'twixt C2 and 2 D but that in 2 stand still Whence it is evident that CD moves in its two halves by two distinct motions Which he thinks occasioned by the arched Airs rushing with the force of BC against all CD and moveing it somwhat forward out of its place but finding it of a disproportionate length bigness and tension to be excited by so quick vibrations as may correspond with those of BC and the undulations whereinto they strike the Air by which alone it causes any string to vibrate per Illat. 3. the second undulation of the Air from BC meets CD just at its return CD's vibrations to BC's and the Airs undulations caused thereby being as 1 to 2 whereby it is beat back and rebounds from 2 towards BC when the third undulation from BC occurring forces it forward again whereupon not being able to move backward nor forward the undulations break and roll away to each side towards C and D. Which parts C2 2 D being Vnisons to BC per Princip 2. it easily moves them per Prop. 1. and so though Des Cartes denys it o Des Cartes Mus Comp. p. 5. they apparently vibrate in p q vid. Fig. 15. by two distinct motions Q. E. D. Prop. 3. If the greater of two Octaves CD be toucht on either of its halves C2 2D all the lesser will answer it but if on the middle 2 it will stir no where Which is thus demonstrated About BC Fig. 7. wrap loosly one strip of paper then with the finger or bow strike CD on either half C2 or 2 D and you will see the paper dance and play as before and that in all parts of BC alike but if you strike it on the middle 2 the paper will not stir The reason whereof seems to be
the Isle of Wight whether Alectus came to prevent it gave him battle defeated and put him to flight towards this his chief Fortress but was over-taken and slain by Asclepiodotus one of Constantius's Captains as this Author will have it here at Elsfield u MS. penes Authorem near Oxon which he also would have a corruption of Alectus-field before he could reach it 72. For the credit of this relation it having no foundation in the Roman story I shall wholly leave it to the Readers judgment yet shall add thus much for its reputation that the Roman military ways lye very agreeable to it for on supposition this conflict happened about Regnum now Ring-wood or Clausentum now Southampton the Roman ways lye directly thence to Venta Belgarum now Winchester and so to Callena now Wallengford according to the Itinerary of Antoninus w See Burton's Map of Antoninus his Itinerary and thence close by Elsfield to Alchester as described in the Map and in §§ 27. and 28. of this Chapter 73. Which is all I find remaining of the Romans here but some parcels of their Mony found at many other places particularly near Dorchester not far from Dike-hills near the Fortification at Idbury and Madmarston-hill in the Parish of Swalcliff inclosed with a double vallum which I therefore judge to have been Roman works There is also a small circumvallation in a Wood South and by West of Harpsden Church near which place there has also been Roman mony dug up whereof there is some in the possession of the Worshipful ..... Hall Esq and so likewise about Horley Swerford Chippingnorton Teynton and a Village called Sinet near Burford Stratton-Audley Fringford and Tusmore and most of them of the Emperors between Cocceius Nerva and Theodosius the second exclusively 74. After the departure of the Romans came the Saxons into Britan and after them the Danes who also made them Works so indistinguishable from the Romans otherwise than by the Roman mony found near them as in the former Paragraph that they can scarce be known asunder So that whatever of these Fortifications at most places in this County abusively called Barrows have no Roman mony found at or near them I think we must conclude either Saxon or Danish Saxon if square and if round Danish for so I find them distinguish'd in a MS History of Ireland by E. S. whereof the first sort he calls Falkmotes i. e. places for the meeting of the folk or people upon the approach of the enemy and the latter Danerathes i. e. hills of the Danes made for the same purpose x History of Ireland MS. panes Authorem though I very much question whether I shall find these forms strictly observed in all places hereafter 75. Yet I find Tadmerton-Castle and Hooknorton Barrow not far from it agreeable to this rule the former being large and round and the other smaller and rather a quinquangle than a square both of them cast up the great round one by the Danes and the less square one by the Saxons about the year 914 when the Danes in the time of Edward Senior being grown strong and numerous came forth of Northampton and Leicester and made great slaughter of the English-Saxons at Hochmeretune says Joh. Bromton An. 10. of Edw. Sen y In Chronico Johan Bromton Abbot Jornalens in An. 10. Ed. Sen. at Hokenertune says Florentius Wigorniensis which he calls Villam Regiam z Florentius Wigorniensis in Anne 914. now Hoke-norton 76. As for Chastleton barrow by the above-mention'd rule it should be a Fortification of the Danes perhaps cast up about the year 1016. at what time Edmund Ironside met Canutus the Danish King hereabout and defeated him after a long and bloody Battle fought at a place called Seorstan by Job Bromton a Chronicon Jo. Bromton Abb. Jorn in vita Edmundi Fer. lat Sterneston and Scerusdan by Matth. Westminster b Matth. Westmon Flores Histor. in An. 1016. Scearstan by Florentius Wigorniensis c Flor. Wigor in An. citato and Simon of Durham d Simeon Dunelmensis Hist de gestis Reg. Ang. in eodem and Sejerstan by Wormius from sejer victoria and stan lapis whereof all the rest seem but corruptions there being several such in Denmark and Norway called by that name to this day * Ol. Worm Mon. Dan. lib. 5. Monumentorum inter Ripensia 5. p. 343. which though they all say expresly was in Hwinctia or Huiccia i. e. Worcester-shire yet I verily believe it with Camden to be that stone not far off called Four shire stone or else that other near it parting four Counties whereof Worcester-shire is one 77. And as for the Entrenchments in Merton Woods I guess them cast up by King Aethelred or the Danes in the year 871. at what time says Floren. Wigorniensis King Aethelred and his Brother Aelfred cum paganis pugnantes apud Meretune e Floren. Wigornensis in An. citato fighting with the Danes at Mereton as I find this town was anciently written in the Leigier Book of Ensham f E. Registro de Ensham MS. penes Reverendissimum Decanum Capitulum Ecclesiae Cathedral Christ Oxoniae overcame them and put their whole Army to flight That the Danes had somwhat to do hereabout is further evinced from one of their spurs in the hands if I misremember not of George Sherman of the Town of Bisseter not far from this place which I took no care to get engraven because already done by Olaus Wormius g Olai Wormii Monument Danicor lib. 1. cap. 7. p. 50. Fig. E. where the Reader may see the exact figure of it All which put together and that this place is near the meeting of two military ways I am pretty well satisfied that this Battle between Aethelred his Brother Aelfred and the Danes was much rather here than at Merdon in Wilt-shire as some have thought it 78. And if Adwell Cop may pass for a Fortification as the Entrenchments about it on the South-east-side seem to promise I guess it made about the year 1010. when the Danes as Simeon of Durham testifies came forth of their Ships in the month of January and passing through the Chiltern Woods came to Oxford and burnt it h Simeon Dunelmensis de gestis Reg. Ang. in Anno 1010. erecting perhaps this fortified Barrow in the way where 't is like they might meet with some opposition and loose some principal Captain As also upon Shotover-hill where there seems to have been two other little Barrows on the left hand of the road from Oxford to London that should I confess have been mention'd before in § 51. of this Chapter 79. But as for the large square Entrenchments on Callow-hills in the Parish of Stunsfield which yet 't is possible too may have been an old British town such as described by Caesar Oppidum vocant cum sylvas impeditas vallo atque fossâ munierunt i Julii