considering that the Ansigne standyng still the Centurions and the Peticapitaines maie gesse their places by the iye and beyng brought the left of the left the right of the right with their accustomed distance the souldiours led by their rule and by the differences of the cognisances maie be quickly in their proper places no otherwise then as if the boordes of a tunne should bee taken a sunder whiche beyng first marked moste easely maie bee set together again where thesame beyng not countersigned were impossible to bryng into order any more These thynges with diligence and with exercise are quickely taught and quickly learned and beyng learned with difficultie are forgotten for that the newe menne be led of the olde and with tyme a Prouince with these exercises may become throughly practised in the war It is also necessarie to teache theim to tourne theim selues all at ones and when neede requires to make of the flankes and of the backe the fronte and of the front flankes or backe whiche is moste easie bicause it suffiseth that euery manne doe tourne his bodie towardes thesame parte that he is commaunded and where thei tourne their faces there the fronte commeth to bee True it is that when thei tourne to any of the flanckes the orders tourne out of their proporcion for that from the breast to the backe there is little difference and from the one flancke to the other there is verie moche distance the whiche is al contrarie to the ordinarie order of the battaile therefore it is conuenient that practise and discrecion doe place theÌ„ as thei ought to be but this is small disorder for that moste easely by themselues thei maie remedie it But that whiche importeth more and where is requisite more practise is when a battaile would tourne all at ones as though it were a whole bodie here is meete to haue greate practise and greate discrecion bicause mindyng to tourne What aduertisement ought to bee vsed in tourning about a whole bande of menne after soche sorte as though it were but one bodie as for insample on the left hande the left corner must stande still and those that be next to hym that standeth still muste marche so softly that thei that bee in the right corner nede not to runne otherwise all thing should be confounded But bicause it happeneth alwaies when an armie marcheth from place to place that the battailes whiche are not placed in the front shall be driuen to faight not by hedde but either by flanckâ— or by backe so that a battaile muste in a sâ—daine make of flancke or of backe hedde and mindyng that like battailes in soche race maie haue their Proporcion as aboue is declared it is necessarie that thei haue the Pikes on thesame flancke that ought to be hâ—dde and the Peâ—icapitaines Centurions and Conestables to resorte accordyngly to their places Therefore to mynde to dooe this How to oâ—â—er a band oâ—â—â—nne after socâ—◠〈◊〉 that 〈…〉 make the◠〈◊〉 against◠〈…〉 of whiche flanke theâ—â—â—st in plasyng them together you must ordeine the fowerskore rankes of fine in a ranke thus Set all the Pikes in the first twentie rankes and place the Peticapitaines thereof fiue in the first places and fiue in the last the other three score rankes whiche come after bee all of Targaettes whiche come to bee three Centuries Therefore the first and the laste ranke of euery CenturioÌ„ would be Peticapitaines the Conestable with the Ansigne and with the Drumme muste stande in the middest of the first Centurie of Targaettes the Centurions in the hed of euery Centurie The bande thus ordained when you would haue the Pikes to come on the left flancke you must redouble Centurie by Centurie on the right flancke if you would haue them to come on the right flancke you must redouble theim on the lefte And so this battaile tourneth with the Pikes vpon a flancke and the Conestable in the middeste the whiche facion it hath marchyng but the enemie commyng and the tyme that it would make of flancke hedde it nedeth not but to make euery mâ—n to tourne his face towardes thesame flancke where the Pikes be and then the battaile tourneth with the rankes and with the heddes in thesame maner as is aforesaied for that euery man is in his place excepte the Centurions and the Centurions straight waie and without difficultie place themselues How a band of men oughte to be orderâ—â— wheÌ„ in marchyng thei should bee constrained to faight on their backes But when thei in marchyng should bee driuen to faight on the backe it is conuenient to ordein the rankes after soch sorte that settyng theim in battaile the Pikes maie come behinde and to doe this there is to bee kepte no other order then where in orderyng the battaile by the ordinarie euery Centurie hath fiue rankes of Pikes before to cause that thei maie haue them behind and in all the other partes to obserue thorder whiche I declared firste Cosimo You haue tolde if I dooe well remember me that this maner of exercise is to bee able to bryng these battailes together into an armie and that this practise serueth to be able to order theim selues in the same But if it should happen that these CCCCL men should haue to doe an acte seperate how would you order them Fabricio He that leadeth them ought then to iudge where he will place the Pikes and there to put them the whiche doeth not repugne in any part to the order aboue written for that also though thesame bee the maner that is obserued to faighte a fielde together with thother battailes notwithstandyng it is a rule whiche serueth to all those waies wherein a band of menne should happen to haue to doe but in shewyng you the other twoo waies of me propounded of ordering the battailes â–ª I shal also satisfie you more to your question for that either thei are neuer vsed or thei are vsed when a battaile is a lone and not in companie of other and to come to the waie of ordering them with twoo hornes How a battaile to made with twoo hornes I saie that thou oughteste to order the lxxx rankes fiue to a ranke in this maner Place in the middest one Centurion and after hym .xxv. rankes whiche muste bee with twoo Pikes on the lefte hande and with three Targaettes on the right and after the first fiue there must be put in the twentie folowyng twentie Peticapitaines all betwene the pikes and the Targaettes excepte those whiche beare the Pike whoÌ„ maie stand with the Pikes after these xxv raÌ„kes thus ordered there is to be placed an other Centurion and behinde hym fiftene rankes of Targaettes after these the Conestable betwene the DruÌ„ and the Ansigne who also must haue after him other fiftene rankes of Targaettes after this the thirde Centurion must be placed and behinde hym xxv raÌ„kes in euery one of whiche ought to bee three Targaettes on the lefte flancke and twoo Pikes on the
to bee ordeined I beleue that you remember of what nomber of menne of what heddes it is made and of what armours thei are armed The better waie for the ordring of a band of men in battaile raâ—e after the first facion then the facion that this battaile ought to haue is as I haue saied of twentie rankes twentie men to a ranke fiue rankes of Pikes in the front and fiftene rankes of Targaettes on the backe twoo Centurions standyng in the fronte twoo behinde on the backe who shall execute the office of those whiche the antiquitie called Tergiductori The Conestable with the Ansigne and with the Drumme shall stande in thesame space that is betwene the fiue rankes of the Pikes and the fiftene of the Targaettes Of the Peticapitaines there shall stande one vpon euery side of the ranckes so that euery one maie haue on his side his men those peticapitaines whiche shal be on the left hande to haue their men on the right hand those Peticapitaines whiche shall be on the right hand to haue their menne on the left hande The fiftie Veliti muste stande a long the flankes and on the backe of the battaile To mynde now that this battaile maie be set together in this facion the men goyng ordinarily it is conuenient to order them thus Make the men to be brought into .lxxx. rankes fiue to a ranke as a little afore we haue said leauyng the Veliti either at the hedde or at the taile so that thei stande out of this order and it ought to be ordeined that euery CeÌ„turion haue behinde his back twentie rankes and to bee nexte behinde euery Centurion fiue rankes of Pikes and the reste Targaettes The Conestable shall stande with the Drum and the Ansigne in thesame space whiche is betwene the Pikes and the Targaettes of the seconde Centurion and to occupie the places of three Targaette men Of the Peticapitaines twentie shall stand on the sides of the rankes of the first Centurion on the lefte hande and twentie shall stande on the sides of the rankes of the last Centurion on the right hande And you muste vnderstande that the Peticapitaine whiche hath to leade the Pikes ought to haue a Pike and those that leade the Targaettes ought to haue like weapons Then the rankes beyng brought into this order and mindyng in marchyng to bryng theÌ„ into battaile for to make the hedde the first Centurion must be caused to stande still with the firste twentie rankes and the seconde to proceade marchyng and tournyng on the right hand he must go a long the sides of the twentie rankes that stande still till he come to bee euen with the other Centurion where he must also stande still and the thirde Centurion to procede marchyng likewise tournyng on the right hand â–ª and a long the sides of the rankes that stande still must go so farre that he be euen with the other twoo Centurions and he also standyng still the other Centurion must folowe with his rankes likewise tournyng on the right hande a longe the sides of the rankes that stande still so farre that be come to the hed of the other and then to stand still and straight waie twoo Centurions onely shall depart from the front and go to the backe of the battaile the whiche cometh to bee made in thesame maner and with thesame order iuste as a little afore I haue shewed you The Veliti muste stande along by the flankes of thesame accordyng as is disposed in the â—â—râ— waie whiche waie is called redoublyng by right line this is called redoublyng by flanke the first waie is more easie this is with better order and commeth better to passe and you maie better correcte it after your owne maner for that in redoublyng by righte line you muste bee ruled by the nomber bicause fiue maketh ten ten twentie tweÌ„tie fourtie so that with redoublyng by right line you cannot make a hedde of fiftene nor of fiue and twentie nor of thirtie nor of fiue and thirtie but you must go where thesame nomber will leade you And yet it happeneth euery daie in particulare affaires that it is conuenient to make the forwarde with sixe hundred or eight hundred men so that to redouble by right line should disorder you therefore this liketh me better that difficultie that is ought moste with practise with exercise to bee made easie Therefore I saie vnto you how it importeth more then any thyng to haue the souldiours to know how to set themselues in araie quickly and it is necessarie to keepe theim in this battaile to exercise theim therin and to make them to go apace either forward or backward to passe through difficulte places without troublyng thorder for asmoche as the souldiours whiche can doe this well be expect souldiours and although thei haue neuer seen enemies in the face thei maie be called old souldiours and contrariwise those whiche cannot keepe these orders though thei haue been in a thousande warres thei ought alwaies to be reputed new souldiours This is concernyng setting them together when thei are marching in small rankes but beyng set and after beyng broken by some accident or chaunce whiche groweth either of the situacion or of the enemie to make that in a sodaine thei maie come into order againe this is the importaunce and the difficultie and where is nedefull moche exercise and moche practise and wherin the antiquitie bestowed moche studie Therefore it is necessarie to doe twoo thynges firste to haue this battaile full of countersignes the other to keepe alwaies this order how to exercyse men to take soche order wherby a band of meÌ„ that wer by what soeuer chaÌ„ce disordred maye straighte wai be bâ—ought into order againe that those same men maie stand alwaies in the ranke which thei were firste placed in as for insample if one haue begon to stande in the seconde that he stande after alwaie in that and not onely in that self same rancke but in that self same place for the obseruyng whereof as I haue saied bee necessarie many countersignes In especially it is requisite that the Ansigne bee after soche sorte countersigned that companyng with the other battailes it maie be knowen from theim accordyng as the Conestable and the Centurions haue plumes of fethers in their heddes differente and easie to be knowen and that whiche importeth moste is to ordaine that the peticapitaines hee knowen Wherevnto the antiquitie had so moche care that thei would haue nothing els written in their hedde peces but the nomber that thei were named by callyng them firste seconde thirde and fourthe c. And yet thei were not coÌ„tented with this but made euery souldiour to haue written in his Targaet the nomber of the ranke and the nomber of the place in whiche ranke he was appoincted Then the menne being countersigned thus and vsed to stande betwene these limites it is an easie thyng thei beyng disordered to fettt theim all againe quickly into order
right and after the fiue first rankes there must be .xx. Peticapitaines placed betwene the Pikes and the Targaettes after these rankes the towerth Centurion must folowe Intendyng therefore of these rankes thus ordered to make a battaile with twoo hornes the first Centurion must stand still with the .xxv rankes whiche be behinde him after the second Centurion muste moue with the fiftene rankes of Targaettes that bee behinde hym and to tourne on the right hande and vp by the right flancke of the .xxv. rankes to go so farre that he arriue to the .xv. ranke and there to stande still after the Conestable muste moue with the fiftene rankes of Targaettes whiche be behinde hym and tournyng likewise on the right hande vp by the right flancke of the fiftene rankes that wer firste moued muste marche so farre that he come to their heddes and there to stand stil after the thirde Centurion muste moue with the xxv rankes and with the fowerth Centurion whiche was behinde and turnyng vp straight must go a long by the right flanck of the fiftene last rankes of the Targaettes and not to stande still when he is at the heddes of them but to followe marchyng so farre that the laste ranke of the .xxv. maie come to be euen with the rankes behinde And this dooen the Centurion whiche was bedde of the firste fiftene rankes of Targaettes must go awaie from thens where he stoode and go to the backe in the lefte corner and thus a battaile shall be made of .xxv. rankes after twentie men to a rank with two hornes vpoÌ„ euery side of the froÌ„t one horn and euery one shall haue ten rankes fiue to a ranke and there shall remain a space betwene the twoo hornes as moche as containeth ten men whiche tourne their sides the one to thother Betwene the two hornes the capitain shall stande and on euery poinct of a horne a Centurion There shall bee also behinde on euery corner a Centurion there shal be twoo rankes of Pikes and .xx. Peticapitaines on euery flancke These twoo hornes serue to kepe betwene theim the artillerie when this battaile should haue any with it and the cariages The Veliti muste stande along the flankes Tâ—e orderyng 〈…〉 battaile 〈◊〉 a voide spâ—â—â— in the middestâ— vnder the Pikes But mindyng to bring this horned battaile with a voide space in the middeste there ought no other to bee doen then of fiftene rankes of twentie to a ranke to take eight rankes and to place them on the poinctes of the twoo hornes whiche then of hornes become backe of the voide space In this place the cariages are kept the capitain standeth and the Ansigne but neuer the Artillerie the whiche is placed either in the front or a long the flankes These be the waies that a battaile maie vse wheÌ„ it is constrained to passe alone through suspected places notwithstandyng the massiue battaile without hornes and without any soche voide place is better yet purposyng to assure the disarmed thesame horned battaile is necessarie The Suizzers make also many facions of battailes emong which thei make one like vnto a crosse bicause in the spaces that is betwen the armes therof thei kepe safe their Harkebuters from the daunger of the enemies but bicause soche battailes be good to faight by theim selues and my intente is to shew how many battailes vnited do faight with thenemie I wil not labour further in describing theÌ„ Cosimo My thinkes I haue verie well comprehended the waie that ought to be kept to exercise the meÌ„ in these battailes But if I remember me well you haue saied how that besides the tenne battailes you ioyne to the maine battaile a thousande extraordinarie Pikes and fiue hundred extraordinarie Veliti will you not appoincte these to be exercised Fabritio I would haue theim to bee exercised and that with moste great diligence the Pikes I would exercise at leaste Ansigne after Ansigne in the orders of the battailes as the other For as moche as these should doe me more seruise To what purpose the Pikes and Velite extraordinarie must seâ—â—e then the ordinarie battailes in all particulare affaires as to make guides to get bâ—â—ties and to doe like thynges but the Veliti I would exercise at home without bringing them together for that their office being to faight a sonder it is not mâ—te that thei should companie with other in the common exercises for that it shall suffice to exercise them well in the particular exercises Thei ought then as I firste tolde you nor now me thynkes no labour to rehearse it againe to cause their men to exercise them selues in these battailes whereby thei maie knowe how to keepe the raie to knowe their places to tourne quickly when either enemie or situacion troubleth them for that whâ—n thei knowe how to do this the place is after easely learned which a battaile hath to kepe and what is the office thereof in the armie and wheÌ„ a Prince or a common weale will take the paine and will vse their diligence in these orders and in these exercisyng it shall alwaies happen that in their countrie there shall bee good souldiours and thei to be superiours to their neighbours and shal be those whiche shall giue and not receiue the lawes of other men but as I haue saied the disorder wherein thei liue maketh that thei neclecte and doe not esteme those thynges and therefore our armies be not good and yet though there were either hed or member naturally vertuous thei cannot shewe it Cosimo What carriages would you that euery one of these battailes should haue Neither Centurion nor Pâ—ticapitaine ought not to ride What carriages the Capitaines ought to haue and the member of câ—â—tages requiâ—â—e to euery bandâ— of mâ—â—ne Fabritio Firste I would that neither Centurion nor Peticapitain should be suffered to ride and if the Conâ—stable would nedes ride I would that he should haue a Mule and not a horse I would allowe hym twoo carriages one to euery Centurion and twoo to euery three Peticapitaines for that so many wee lodge in a lodgyng as in the place therof we shall tell you So that euery battaile will come to haue .xxxvi. carriages the whiche I would should carrie of necessitie the tentes the vesselles to seeth meate axes barres of Iron sufficient to make the lodynges and then if thei can carry any other thyng thei maie dooe it at their pleasure Cosimo I beleue that the heddes of you ordeined in euery one of these battailes be necessarie albeit I would doubt 〈◊〉 that so many commaunders should confounde all Fabritio That should bee when it were not referred to one man but referryng it thei cause order ye and without theim it is impossible to gouerne an armie Without many capitaines an armie caÌ„not be gouerned for that a wall whiche â—n euery parte enclâ—neth requireth rather to haue many proppes and thicke although not so strong then fewe though thei were strong bâ—cause the vertue of
haue for largenesse three foote that is from shoulder to shoulder and for length seuen foote that is three foote before him and three foote behinde him and one foote that his owne person will occupie for whiche cause the aboue written order men standynge accordynge to the saied ordinare distance shall not be a iust fowersquare but the length therof shal be .70 foote and the bredthe .30 foote as apereth by the figure folowyng Flanke Head Flanke And where some number of men cometh not after suche sorte to bee fowersquare as .200 the roote wherof is .14 although there bee .4 ouerplus in this case there ought to be put foureteen in a ranke and the sayde battayle will come neuerthelesse to be fowersquare That is it shal be of .14 rankes of men .14 to a ranke and as for those fower men that are ouerplus out of the aray the Sergante may place either in the tayle therof or els where seemes him best oute of that order Likewyse after this maner an armie of men howe greate a number so euer it be may be brought into a fowersquare as for example admitte there were an armie of .35000 of these .35000 men the fowersquare roote is to be taken out accordynge to the order that I haue declared before and the same shal be founde to be .187 and .31 men remainyng ouerplus so that placyng .187 men in a ranke suche an armie will be infacion fowersquare that is it will amounte vnto 187. rankes .187 men for a ranke And as for the .31 odde men the Capitaine may apoincte where he shal thinke good To know how many men may marche in a ranke and at a sudden to brynge them into a fowersquare battell so that their Ansigne may come to be in the middest Cap. 2. FOr to doo this thyng with speed the fowersquare roote of what number of men so euer it be is straight way to be taken and if the same roote be so that it may be equally deuided into three so manie as shall be the thirde parte of that roote so manie of the sayed men for a ranke ought to marche by the waye As for example if the men that are to be conducted be .81 the roote of those .81 muste be taken the which is .9 And for as much as the roote of this may equally be deuided into .3 and the thyrde parte therof beyng .3 the saied .81 men must therfore be made to marche in iorneyng three in a ranke they shall make in all .27 rankes as here vnder appereth Tayle Head And when need is that they must be brought into a fowersquare battel al these .27 rankes would be deuided into three equall partes as is declared by ab and cd So that to euery parte there come to remaine 9. rankes three men in a ranke and afterwarde the fyrste parte that is in the Fronte muste be caused to staye and the other twaine to procede forwarde the one on the right hande and the other on the left hand of the fyrste now standynge still vntill the head or Fronte of either of the saied twoo partes doe vnite or come to be euen with the head of the firste and there to stay As by the figure folowing may be vnderstode Fronte The whiche three partes thus brought and ordered shall make a fowersquare battell as apereth by this fygure folowyng and to cause that the Ansigne doo fall in the middest of suche a battell alwaies it ought to be placed in the middest of the fyrst parte as before apereth in the poyncte A. Head But to know how to deuide the saied .27 rankes into three equall portions without standyng to tel .9 rankes consideryng that if it were a greate number of men it shoulde be a thyng very long so to doo therfore seyng that to euerie number of men ther is commonly placed a ranke of Harkabutters or Bowemen in the Forewarde and an other in the Rerewarde in this figure aboue written of fower score men and one there would be .18 Harkabutters that is .9 in the Forewarde and .9 in the Rereward and settyng twoo rankes of Harkabutters in the places where the deuisions are to bee made as hereafter appereth in figure vnderstanding the Harkabutters by this letter H. By those Harkabutters you may alwayes vnderstande where the diuisions are to be made of the saied 27. rankes and likewise in euery other greater number And when such a roote cannot bee deuided into three equall partes of necessitie there must remayne ouer one or twoo Now let vs firste take for example this where remayneth ouer one as it shoulde be if it were a hundred men the roote wherof is ten which ten deuided into three cometh to three times three one remainyng ouerplus Wherfore there muste be made .10 rankes to marche .3 and .3 that is so many rankes as the number of the roote is of and other .10 rankes .4 and .4 together and the last .10 rankes also three and three together as here folowyng appereth with their .20 Harkabutters or Bowemen besydes the saied hundred men Fronte And these three partes when it is needful to bryng them into a fowersquare battell muste be ordered as aboue is rehearsed or els causynge the fyrste parte in the Forewarde to staye and to make the seconde part to procede onward vntill the head or fronte of the seconde part come to be euen with the head of the first so the saied seconde part standyng still to cause also the third part to procede forwarde after the same maner the which thyng beyng don such a battell shal be brought into fashion fowersquare with their Harkabutters or Bowemen before and behynde as apereth by this figure Head Backe But when in deuidyng the saied roote there shall happen to remayne .2 ouerplus as should be when ther were .121 the roote wherof is .11 which .11 partyng into .3 comes to .3 times .3 and two remaynyng ouerplus as I haue saied in this case and in other lyke I woulde make a .11 rankes to marche that is as many as the roote conteines .4 men in a ranke and an other .11 rankes .3 men together in a ranke and the other .11 rankes also .4 men to a ranke As hereafter apereth in figure with their .22 Harkabutters besyde the saied .121 men The whiche men alwaies when they woulde be brought into a fowersquare battell muste be ordered as before is declared And this rule may serue likewyse in what littel or great number so euer it be as well quadrante as not quadrante As for example only in wordes put the case that there bee .3969 whereof beynge minded to know how many men in a ranke should be caused to marche togethers by the waye so that commodiously thei may at a sodden bee brought into a fowersquare battell there muste be taken the quadrante roote of this number of men by the same waye that I haue taught whiche shall be founde to be .63 so that on euerie syde of the
name of veliti Vnder this name were vnderstode all those that threwe with Slinges shotte with Crossebowes caste Dartes and thei vsed the moste parte of them for their defence to weare on their hedde a Murion How the Romaines armed their souldiers and what weapons thei vsed with a Targaet on their arme thei fought out of thorders and farre of from the heauie armed whiche did weare a hedde pece that came doune to their shoulders a Corselet whiche with the tases came doune to the knees and thei had the legges and the armes couered with greaues and vambraces with a targaet on the left arme a yarde and a halfe long and three quarters of a yarde brode which had a hoope of Iron vpon it to bee able to sustaine a blowe and an other vnder to the intent that it being driueÌ„ to the yearth it should not breake for to offende thei had girte on their left flancke a swerde the leÌ„gth of a yarde and a naile on their right side a Dagger thei had a darte in euery one of their haÌ„des the which thei called Pilo and in the beginnyng of the fight thei threwe those at the enemie This was the orderyng and importaunce of tharmoures of the Romaines by the whiche thei possessed al the worlde And although some of these auncient writers gaue them besides the forsaid weapoÌ„s a staffe in their hand like vnto a Partesen I caÌ„not tel how a heuie staffe maie of hym that holdeth a Targaet hee occupied for that to handell it with bothe handes the Targaet should be an impediment to occupy thesame with one hand ther can be doen no good therwith by reason of the weightinesse therof besides this to faight in the throÌ„g in thorders with soche long kynde of weapon it is vnprofitable except in the first front where thei haue space inough to thrust out all the staffe whiche in thorders within cannot bee doen for that the nature of the battaile as in the order of thesame I shall tell you is continually to throng together which although it be an incoÌ„uenience yet in so doing thei feare lesse theÌ„ to stand wide where the perill is moste euident so that all the weapons which passe in length a yarde and a halfe in the throng be vnprofitable for that if a manne haue the Partesan and will occupie it with bothe handes put case that the Targaet lette hym not he cannot hurte with the same an enemie whoÌ„ is vpon hym if he take it with one hand to thintent to occupie also the Targaet being not able to take it but in the middest there remaineth so moche of the staffe behinde that those whiche are behinde him shall let him to welde it And whether it wer true either that the Romaines had not this PartaseÌ„ or that hauing it did little good withal reade all the battailes in the historie thereof celebrated of Titus Liuius and you shall se in thesame most seldome tymes made mencion of Partasens but rather alwaies he saieth that the Dartes beyng throwen thei laied their handes on their sweardes Therfore I will leaue this staffe and obserue concernyng the Romaines the swerde for to hurt and for defence the Targaet with the other armours aforesaied How the Grekes did arme theim selues and what weapons thei vsed against their enemies The Grekes did not arme theim selues so heauily for their defence as the Romaines did but for to offend the enemies thei grounded more on their staues then on their swerdes and in especially the Fallangy of Macedonia whiche vsed staues that thei called Sarisse seuen yardes and a halfe longe with the whiche thei opened the rankes of their enemies and thei kept thorders in their Fallange And although some writers saie that thei had also the Targaet I cannot tell by the reasons aforesaied how the Sarrisse and thei could stande together Besides this in the battaile that Paulus Emilius made with Persa kyng of Macedonia I doe not remember that there is made any mencion of Targaettes but onely of the Sarisse of the difficultie that the Romaine armie had to ouercome theim so that I coniecture that a Macedonicall Fallange was no otherwise then is now a daies a battaile of Suizzers the whiche in their pikes haue al their force and all their power The Romaines did garnishe besides the armours the footmen with feathers A braue and a terrible thyng to the enemies the which thynges makes the sight of an armie to the frendes goodly to the enemies terrible Howe the Romaines armed their horsemen in old tyme. The armour of the horsemen in thesame first Romaine antiquitie was a rounde Targaette and thei had their hedde armed and the reste vnarmed Thei had a swearde and a staffe with an Iron hedde onely before long and small whereby it happened that thei were not able to staie the Targaette and the staffe in the incountryng broke and thei through beyng vnarmed were subiect to hurtes after in processe of time thei armed theim as the footemen albeit thei vsed the Targaette moche shorter square and the staffe more stiffe and with twoo heddes to the entent that breakyng one of the heddes thei might preuaile with the other With these armours as well on foote as on horsebacke the Romaines conquered all the worlde and it is to be beleued by the fruict thereof whiche is seen that thei were the beste appoincted armies that euer were and Titus Liuius in his historie doeth testifie very often where comming to comparison with the enemies armies he saieth But the Romaines by vertue by the kinde of their armours and practise in the seruice of warre were superiours and therfore I haue more particularly reasoned of the armoures of conquerours then of the coÌ„quered But now me thinkes good to reason onely of the maner of armyng meÌ„ at this presente Footemen haue for their defence The maner of armyng menne now a daies a breaste plate and for to offende a Launce sixe yardes and thre quarters long whiche is called a Pike with a sweard on their side rather round at the poinct then sharpe This is the ordinarie armyng of foote menne now a daies for that fewe there be whiche haue their legges armed and their armes the hedde none and those fewe heare in stede of a Pike a Halberde the staffe whereof as you knowe is twoo yardes and a quarter longe and it hath the Iron made like an axe Betwene theim thei haue Harkebutters the whiche with the violence of the fire doe thesame office which in olde tyme the stingers did and the Crossebowe â—â—â—ters This maner of armyng The inuention of Pikes was founde out by the Duchemenne in especially of Suizzers whom beyng poore and desirous to liue free thei were and be constrained to faighte with the ambition of the Princes of Almain who beyng riche were able to kepe hâ—â—se the whiche thesame people could not doe for pouertie Whereby it grewe that beyng on foote mynding to defende theim selues
thus that the warring of the Parthians was altogether contrary to thesame of the Romaines for as moche as the Parthians warred all on horsebacke and in the faight thei proceded confusedly and scattered and it was a maner of faight vnstable and full of vncertaintie The Romaines were it maie be saied almoste al on foote and thei fought close together and sure and thei ouercame diuersly the one the other according to the largenesse or straightnesse of the situacion for that in this the Romaines were superiours in thesame the Parthians whom might make greate proofe with thesame maner of warryng consideryng the region whiche thei had to defende the which was moste large for as moche as it hath the sea coaste distant a thousande miles the riuers th one froÌ„ thother twoo or three daies iourney the tounes in like maner and the inhabitauntes fewe so that a Romaine armie heauie and slowe by meanes of their armoures and their orders could not ouer run it without their greuous hurt those that defended it being on horsebacke mooste expedite so that thei were to daie in one place and to morowe distaunt fiftie miles Hereof it grewe that the Parthians might preuaile with their câ—â—ualrie onely bothe to the ruine of the armie of Crassus and to the perill of thesame of Marcus Antonius but I as I haue told you doe not intende in this my reasonyng to speake of the warfare out of Europe therfore I will stand vpon thesame whiche in times past the Romaines ordained and the Grekes and as the Duchemen doe now adaies But let vs se to the other question of yours where you desire to vnderstande what order or what naturall vertue makes that the footemen ouercome the horsmen And I saie vnto you first that the horses cannot go The reasoÌ„ why footmen are able to ouercâ—â—â— horsemen as the footmen in euery place Thei are slower then the footemen to obeie when it is requisite to alter the order for as moche as if it be nedefull either goyng forward to turne backwarde or tournyng backwarde to go forwarde or to moue themselues standing stil or goyng to stand still without doubt the horsemen cannot dooe it so redilie as the footement the horsemen cannot being of some violeÌ„ce disordained returne in their orders but with difficultie although thesame violeÌ„ce cease the whiche the footemen dooe moste easely and quickly Besides this it happeneth many tymes that a hardie manne shall be vpon a vile horse and a coward vpon a good whereby it foloweth that this euill matchyng of stomackes makes disorder Nor no man doeth maruell that a bande of footemenne susteineth all violence of horses for that a horse is a beaste that hath sence and knoweth the perilies and with an ill will will enter in them and if you consider what force maketh theim go forwarde and what holdeth them backwarde you shall se without doubt thesame to be greater whiche kepeth theâ— backe then that whiche maketh them go forwardes For that the spurre maketh theim go forwarde and of the other side either the swearde or the Pike kepeth theim backe so that it hath been seen by the olde and by the late experience a bande of footemen to bee moste safe ye inuinsible for horses And if you should argue to this that the heate with whiche thei come maketh theim more furious to incounter who that would withstande them and lesse to regard the Pike then the spurre I saie that if the horse so disposed begin to see that he must run vpon the poincte of the Pike either of himself he wil refrain the course so that so sone as he shall feele himself pricked he will stande still atones or beeyng come to theim he will tourne on the right or on the lefte hande Whereof if you wil make experience proue to run a horse against a walle you shall finde fewe with what so euer furie he come withall will strike against it Cesar hauyng in Fraunce to faighte with the Suizzers a lighted and made euery manne a light on foote and to auoide from the armes the horses as a thyng more meete to â—le then to faight But notwithstandyng these naturall impedimentes whiche horses haue thesame Capitaine How footmen maie saue them selues from horsemen whiche leadeth the footemen ought to chuse waies whiche haue for horse the moste impedimeÌ„tes that maie bee and seldome tymes it happeneth but that a manne maie saue hymself by the qualitie of the countrie for that if thou marche on the hilles the situacion doeth saue thee from thesame furie whereof you doubt that thei go withall in the plain fewe plaines be whiche through the tillage or by meanes of the woddes doe not assure thee for that euery hillocke euery baÌ„cke although it be but small taketh awaie thesame heate and euery culture where bee Vines and other trees lettes the horses and if thou come to battaile the very same lettes happeneth that chaunceth in marchyng for as moche as euery little impedemente that the horse hath abateth his furie One thyng notwithstandyng I will not forgette to tell you how the Romaines estemed so moche their orders and trusted so moche to their weapons that if thei shuld haue had to chuse either so rough a place to saue theim selues from horses where thei should not haue been able to rauÌ„ge their orders or a place where thei should haue nede to feare more of horses but ben able to destende their battaile alwaies thei toke this and left that but bicause it is tyme to passe to the armie hauing armed these souldiours accordyng to the aunciente and newe vse let vs see what exercises the Romaines caused theim make before the menne were brought to the battaile Although thei be well chosen and better armed thei ought with moste greate studie be exercised for that without this exercise there was neuer any souldiour good these exercises ought to be deuided into three partes the one The exercise of Souldiours ought to be deuided into thre partes for to harden the bodie and to make it apte to take paines and to bee more swifter and more readier the other to teach theÌ„ how to handell their weapons the third for to learne them to kepe the orders in the armie as well in marchyng as in faightyng and in the incampyng The whiche be three principall actes that an armie doeth for asmoche as if an armie marche incampe faight with order and expertly the Capitaine leseth not his honoure although the battaile should haue no good ende Therfore all thauncient common weales prouided these exercises in maner by custome by lawe that there should not be left behinde any part thereof Thei exercised then their youth What exercises the auncieÌ„t common wealeâ— vsed to exercise their youth in what commoditie insued thereby for to make theÌ„ swift in runnyng to make theim readie in leapyng for to make them strong in throwyng the barre or in wrestlyng and these three qualities be as it were necessarie
it destinctly and I willed you to kepe it in memorie as a necessarie thing to purpose to vnderstande all the other orders How to order an army in the fielde to faight a battaile accordyng to the mynde of the aucthour and therefore I will come to the demonstracion of the order without repeatyng it any more Me thinkes good that the ten battailes of one main battaile be set on the left flancke and the tenne other of the other main battaile on the right these that are placed on the left flancke be ordeined in this maner there is put fiue battaile the one to the side of the other in the fronte after soche sorte that betwene the one and the other there remaine a space of three yardes whiche come to occupie for largenesse Cvi yardes of ground and for length thirtie behinde these fiue battailes I would put three other distante by right line from the firste thirtie yardes twoo of the whiche should come behinde by right line to the vttermoste of the fiue and the other should kepe the space in the middeste and so these three shall come to occupie for bredth and leÌ„gth as moche space as the fiue doeth But where the fiue haue betwene the one and the other a distaunce of three yardes these shall haue a distance of .xxv. yardes After these I would place the twoo last battailes in like maner behinde the three by right line and distaunte from those three thirtie yardes and I would place eche of theim behinde the vttermoste part of the three so that the space whiche should remain betwen the one and the other should be .lxviij. yardes then al these battailes thus ordered will take in bredth Cvi yardes and in length CL. Thextraordinarie Pikes How the extraordinary pikes bee placed in the set battaile I would destende a long the flanckes of these battailes on the left side distante from them fiftene yardes makyng Cxliij rankes seuen to a ranke after soche sorte that thei maie impale with their length all the left side of the tenne battailes in thesame wise declared of me to be ordained and there shall remain fourtie rankes to keepe the carriages and the vnarmed whiche ought to remaine in the taile of the armie distributyng the Peticapitaines and the Centurions in their places and of the three Conestables I would place one in the hedde the other in the middeste the third in the laste ranke the whiche should execute the office of a Tergiductore whom the antiquitie so called hym that was appoincted to the backe of the armie But retournyng to the hedde of the armie The place where thextraordinarie archars and harkabutters and the men of armes and lightâ— horsmen ought to stande when the field is pitched and goeth to faighte the battaile I saie how that I would place nere to the extraordinarie pikes the Veliti extraordinarie whiche you knowe to be fiue hundred and I would giue them a space of .xxx yardes on the side of these likewise on the left hande I would place the menne of armes and I would thei should haue a space of a Cxij yardes after these the light horsemen to whom I would appoinct as moche ground to stande in as the menne of armes haue the ordinarie veliti The ordinarie aâ—chars harkebutters are placed aboute their owne battailes I would leaue about their owne battailes who should stand in those spaces whiche I appoincte betwene th one battaile thother whoÌ„ should be as their ministers if sometyme I thought not good to place them vnder the extraordinarie Pikes in dooyng or not doyng whereof I would proceade accordyng as should tourne best to my purpose The place where the generall hedde of a maine battaile muste stande when thesame power of men is appoincted to faight The generall hedde of all the maine battaile I would place in thesame space that were betwene the first and the seconde order of the battailes or els in the hedde and in thesame space that is betwene the laste battaile of the firste fiue and the extraordinarie Pikes accordyng as beste should serue my purpose with thirtie or fourtie chosen men about hym What menne a general capiâ—ain of a maine â—attaile oughte to haue aboute hym that knewe by prudence how to execute a commission and by force to withstande a violence and thei to be also betwen the Drumme and the Ansigne this is thorder with the whiche I would dispose a maine battaile whiche should bee the disposyng of halfe the armie and it should take in breadth three hundred fourscore and twoo yardes in length as moche as aboue is saied not accomptyng the space that thesame parte of the extraordinarie Pikes will take whiche muste make a defence for the vnarmed whiche will bee aboute .lxxv. yardes the other maine battaile I would dispose on the righte side after the same maner iuste as I haue disposed that on the lefte leauyng betwene the one main battaile and thother a space of .xxij. yardes in the hedde of whiche space I would set some little carriages of artillerie The place wher a general capitain of all the armie must stand when the battaile is ready to be fought and what nomber of chosen men oughte to be aboute hym behynde the whiche should stande the generall capitaine of all the armie and should haue about hym with the TruÌ„pet and with the Capitaine standerde twoo hundred menne at least chosen to be on foote the moste parte emongest whiche there should be tenne or more mete to execute all commaundementes and should bee in soche wise a horsebacke and armed that thei mighte bee on horsebacke and on foote accordyng as needs should require The artillerie of the armie How many canons is requisite for an army and of what â—se thei ought to bee suffiseth tenne Cannons for the winnyng of Tounes whose shotte should not passe fiftie pounde the whiche in the fielde should serue me more for defence of the campe then for to faight the battaile The other artillerie should bee rather of tenne then of fiftene pounde the shotte Where the artillerie oughtâ— to bee placed wheÌ„ tharmy is redie to faight this I would place afore on the fronte of al the armie if sometyme the countrie should not stande in soche wise that I mighte place it by the flancke in a sure place where it might not of the enemie be in dauÌ„ger this facioÌ„ of an armie thus ordred An armie that wer ordered an aboue is declared maie in faightyng vse the Grekes maner and the Romaine facion maie in faighting vse the order of the Falangi and the order of the Romain Legions for that in the fronte be Pikes all the menne bee set in the rankes after soche sorte that incounteryng with the enemie withstandyng him maie after the vse of the Falangi restore the first rankes with those behinde on the other parte if thei bee charged so sore that thei be constrained to breake the orders and
that I woulde as in the place therof I haue tolde you these horse menne shoulde be all profitable and for this hauynge no seruauntes whiche in kepyng the horses or in other necessarie thynges might helpe thē I woulde that these footemen who lodge behynde the horse should bee bounde to helpe to prouide and to keepe theim for their maisters and for this to bee exempted from the other doynges of the Campe. The whiche maner was obserued of the Romaines Then leauyng after these lodgynges on euerie parte a space of .xxii. yardes and a halfe whiche shoulde make awaye that shoulde be called the one the firste waye on the righte hande and the other the firste waie on the lefte hand I woulde pitche on euerie side an other order of .xxxij. double lodgynges whiche should tourne their hinder partes the one againste the other with the verie same spaces as those that I haue tolde you of and deuided after the sixtenth in the verie same maner for to make the ouerthwarte waie where I would lodge on euery side .iiij. battailes of footemen with their constables in bothe endes Then leauyng on euery side an other space of .xxij. yardes and a halfe that shoulde make a waie whiche shoulde be called of the one side the seconde waie on the right hande and on the other syde the seconde way on the lefte hande I would place an other order on euerie side of .xxxij. double lodgynges with the verie same distance and deuisions where I would lodge on euerie side other .iiij. battailes with their Constables and thus the horesemenne and the bandes of the twoo ordinarie maine battailes should come to be lodged in three orders of lodgynges on the one side of the capitaine waie and in three other orders of lodgynges on the other side of the Capitaine waie The twoo aidyng maine battels for that I cause them to be made of the verie same nation I woulde lodge them on euerie parte of these twoo ordinarie maine battailes with the very same orders of double lodgynges pitchyng first one order of lodgynges where should lodge halfe the horsemen and half the foote men distance .xxii. yardes and a halfe from the other for to make a way whiche should be called the one the thirde waie on the right hande and the other the thirde waie on the lefte hande And after I woulde make on euerie side twoo other orders of lodgynges in the verie same maner destinguesshed and ordeined as those were of the ordinarie maine battelles which shall make twoo other wayes and they all should be called of the numbre of the hande where thei should be placed in suche wyse that all this side of the armie shoulde come to be lodged in .xii. orders of double lodgynges and in .xiij. waies reckenynge captaine waie and crosse waie I would there should remayne a space from the lodgynges to the Trenche of .lxxv. yardes rounde aboute and if you recken al these spaces you shall see that from the middest of the Capitaines lodgyng to the easte gate there is D.x. yardes ▪ Now there remaineth twoo spaces whereof one is from the Capitaines lodgynge to the Southe gate the other is from thense to the Northe gate whiche come to be either of them measurynge them from the poincte in the middest CCCC lxxvj yardes Then takyng out of euerie one of these spaces xxxvij yardes and a halfe whiche the Capitaynes lodgynge occupieth and .xxxiiij. yardes euerie waie for a market place and .xxij. yardes and a halfe for a way that deuides euerie one of the saied spaces in the middest and .lxxv. yardes that is lefte on euerie part betweene the lodgynges and the Trenche there remaineth on euery side a space for lodginges of CCC yardes broade and .lxxv. yardes longe measurynge the length with the space that the Captaines lodynge taketh vp Deuidynge then in the middest the saied lengthe there woulde be made on euery hande of the Capitaine .xl. lodgynges .xxxvij. yardes and a halfe longe and .xv. broade whiche will come to be in all lxxx lodgynges The lodgynges for the chiefe Capitaines of the maine battayles and for the treasurers marshals and straūgers wherin shall be lodged the heddes of the maine battailes the Treasurers the Marshalles of the fielde and all those that shoulde haue office in the armie leauyng some voide for straungers that shoulde happen to come and for those that shall serue for good will of the Capitaine On the parte behinde the Capitaines lodgynge I would haue a way from Southe to Northe .xxiij. yardes large and shoulde be called the hed way whiche shall come to be placed a longe by the .lxxx. lodgynges aforesayd for that this waie the crosseway shall come to place in the middest betweene them bothe the Capitaines lodgynge and the .lxxx. lodgynges that be on the sides therof From this hed waie and from ouer agaynst the captaines lodgyng I would make an other waie which shoulde goe from thens to the weste gate lykewyse broade .xxij. yardes and a halfe and should aunswer in situation and in length to the Captaine way and should be called the market waie These twoo waies beynge made I woulde ordeine the market place where the market shall bee kepte whiche I woulde place on the head of the market way ouer against the capitaines lodgynge ioigned to the head way and I woulde haue it to be quadrante and woulde assigne lxxxx yardes and three quarters to a square and on the right hande and lefte hande of the saied market place I would make two orders of lodginges where euerie order shall haue eight double lodginges which shall take vp in length .ix. yardes and in bredeth .xxij yardes and a halfe so that there shall come to be on euery hande of the market place xvj lodgynges that shall the place the same in the middest which shall be in al xxxij wherin I woulde lodge those horsemen Lodginges for the horsemen of the extraordinarie mayne battailes which shoulde remaine to the aidyng mayne battailes and when these should not suffise I woulde assigne theim some of those lodginges that placeth between them the Capitaines lodgynge in especially those that lie towardes the Trenche There resteth now to lodge the Pikes The lodgynges for the extraordinarie Pykes and Veliti and extraordinari Veliti that euerie main battaile hath which you know accordynge to our order how euerie one hath besides the .x. battailes M. extraordinarie Pikes and fiue hundreth Veliti so that the twoo cheefe maine battailes haue two thousande extraordinarie Pikes and a thousande extraordinarie Veliti and the ayders as many as those so that yet there remaineth to be lodged .vj. M. menne whome I woulde lodge all on the weste side and a longe the Trenche Then from the ende of the hed waye towardes Northe leauyng the space of .lxxv. yardes from them to the trenche I woulde place an order of .v. double lodgynges whiche in all shoulde take vp .lvj. yardes in lengthe and .xxx. in bredeth so that
the bredeth deuided there will come to euerie lodgyng .xi. yardes and a quarter for lengthe for bredeth twoo and twentie yardes and a half And because there shall be .x. lodgynges I will lodge three hundred men apoinctyng to euery lodging .xxx. men leauyng then a space of three and twentie yardes and a quarter I woulde place in like wise and with like spaces an other order of fiue double lodgynges and againe an other till there were fiue orders of fiue double lodgynges which wil come to be fiftie lodgynges placed by right line on the Northe side euery one of them distante from the Trenche .lxxv. yardes which will lodge fifteene hundred men Tournyng after on the lefte hande towardes the weste gate I woulde pitche in all thesame tracte whiche were from them to the saied gate fiue other orders of double lodgynges with the verie same spaces and with the verie same maner true it is that from the one order to the other there shall not be more then a .xj. yardes and a quarter of space wherin shall be lodged also fifteene hundred men and thus from the Northe gate to the weste as the Trenche turneth in a hundred lodginges deuided in .x. rewes of fiue double lodgynges in a rowe there will be lodged all the Pikes and extraordinarie Veliti of the cheefe maine battayles And so from the west gate to the Southe as the Trenche tourneth euen in the verie same maner in other ten rewes of ten lodgynges in a rewe there shall be lodged the pikes and extraordinarie Veliti of the aidyng mayne battailes Their headdes or their counstables may take those lodgynges that shal seeme vnto them moste commodious on the parte towardes the trenche The Artillerie How the Artillerie must be placed in the Campe. I woulde dispose throughoute all the Campe a longe the banke of the Trenche and in all the other space that shoulde remaine towardes weste I woulde lodge all the vnarmed Lodgynges for the vnarmed men and the places that are apoincted for the impedimentes of the campe and place all the impedimentes of the Campe. And it is to be vnderstoode that vnder this name of impedimentes as you know the antiquitee mente all the same trayne and all those thynges which are necessarie for an armie besides the souldiours as are Carpenters Smithes Masons Ingeners Bombardiers althoughe that those might be counted in the numbre of the armed herdemen with their herdes of motons beeues whiche for victuallyng of the armie are requiset and moreouer maisters of all sciences together with publicke carriages of the publicke munition whiche pertaine as well to victuallyng as to armynge Nor I would not distinguishe these lodginges perticularly only I would marke out the waies which should not be occupied of them then the other spaces that betweene the waies shall remaine whiche shall be fower I woulde appoincte theim generally for all the saied impedimentes that is one for the herdemen the other for artificers and craftes mē the thirde for publicke carriages of victuals the fowerth for the municion of armur and weapons The waies whiche I woulde shoulde be lefte without ocupiyng them shal be the market waie the head waye and more ouer a waie that shoulde be called the midde waye whiche should goe from Northe to Southe and should passe thoroughe the middest of the market waie whiche from the weste parte shoulde serue for the same purpose that the ouerthwarte way doeth on theast parte And besides this a waye whiche shall goe aboute on the hinder parte alonge the lodgynges of the Pikes and extraordinarie Veliti and all these wayes shall be twoo and tweentie yardes and a halfe broade And the Artilerie I woulde place a longe the Trenche of the Campe rounde aboute the same Babtiste I confesse that I vnderstand not nor I beleeue that also to saye so is any shame vnto me this beyng not my exercise notwithstandyng this order pleaseth me muche onely I woulde that you shoulde declare me these doubtes The one whie you make the waie and the spaces aboute so large The other that troubleth me more is these spaces whiche you apoincte oute for the lodgynges howe they ought to be vsed Fabritio You must note that I make all the waies xxij yardes and a halfe braode to the intente that thorowe them maie go a battaile of men in araie where if you remember wel I tolde you how euery bande of menne taketh in breadth betwene .xviij. and .xxij. yardes of space to marche or stande in Nowe where the space that is betwene the trenche and the lodgynges is .lxxv. yardes broade thesame is moste necessarie to the intent thei maie there order the battailes and the artillerie bothe to conducte by thesame the praies and to haue space to retire theim selues with newe trenches and newe fortificacion if neede were The lodginges also stande better so farre from the diches beyng the more out of daunger of fires and other thynges whiche the enemie might throwe to hurte them Concernyng the seconde demaunde my intent is not that euery space of me marked out bee couered with a pauilion onely but to be vsed as tourneth commodious to soch as lodge there either with more or with lesse Tentes so that thei go not out of the boundes of thesame And for to marke out these longinges there ought to bee moste cunnyng menne and moste excellente Architectours whom so sone as the Capitaine hath chosen the place maie knowe how to giue it the facion and to distribute it distinguishyng the waies deuidyng the lodgynges with Coardes and staues in soche practised wise that straight waie thei maie bee ordained and deuided The Campe ought to be all waies of one facion and to minde that there growe no confusion it is conueniente to tourne the Campe alwaies one waie to the intente that euery manne maie knowe in what waie in what space he hath to finde his lodgyng and this ought to be obserued in euery tyme in euery place and after soche maner that it seme a mouyng Citee the whiche where so euer it goweth carrieth with it the verie same waies the verie same habitacions and the verie same aspectes that it had at the firste The whiche thing thei cannot obserue whom sekyng strong situacions must chaunge forme accordyng to the variacion of the grounde but the Romaines in the plaine made stronge the place where thei incamped with trenches and with Rampires bicause thei made a space about the campe and before thesame a ditche ordinary broad fower yardes and a halfe and depe aboute twoo yardes and a quarter the which spaces thei increased according as thei intended to tarie in a place and accordyng as thei feared the enemie I for my parte at this presente would not make the listes if I intende not to Winter in a place yet I would make the Trenche and the bancke no lesse then the foresaied but greater accordyng to necessitie Also consideryng the artellerie I would intrench vpon euery corner