Selected quad for the lemma: hand_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
hand_n	left_a	rank_n	right_a	50,843	5	9.3193	5	true

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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A96634	The remaining medical works of that famous and renowned physician Dr. Thomas Willis ... Viz I. Of fermentation, II. Of feavours, III. Of urines, IV. Of the ascension of the bloud, V. Of musculary motion, VI. Of the anatomy of the brain, VII. Of the description and uses of the nerves, VIII. Of convulsive diseases : the first part, though last published, with large alphabetical tables for the whole, and an index ... : with eighteen copper plates / Englished by S.P. esq.	Willis, Thomas, 1621-1675.; Loggan, David, 1635-1700?	1681 (1681)	Wing W2855A; ESTC R42846	794,310	545

readily thrust out of the little spaces of the Menstruum and descend to the bottom We will in this place more sparingly insist upon instances of this nature because the more full handling of them belongs to the Chymical Work Precipitation is not only observed in the separation of a more thick matter from a serous latex and in the settling of the disturbed parts towards the bottom but somtimes the Particles shut up within the pores and passages of the Liquor are so small and subtil that being Precipitated they are not discerned by the sight neither do they quickly descend to the bottom but from their situation and position being variously changed the colour and consistency of the Liquor are diversly altered I was wont in times past to sport with the solutions of Vegetables and Minerals which being made by themselves were clear like Spring water and appeared bright being commixed shewed now a Black colour now a Milky Red Green Blue or some other kind The solution of Saturn or Lead being made with distilled Vinegar appears bright like common water if you add to this Oil of Tartar like clear water the mixture straight grows White like Milk If Antimony calcined with Nitre be boiled in Spring water the straining seems clear and almost without smell which yet being dashed by any Acid thing presently acquires a deep yellow colour with a most wicked stink Common water being imbued by an infusion of Mercury Sublimate is presently tinged with yellowness by Oyl of Tartar dropped into it Quicksilver and Sal Armoniack being beaten together and Sublimated in a Matrace by the heat of Sand go into a white powder this being soluted by melting shows like to clear Spring water which yet being smeared upon Brass or Copper appears like Silver and being lightly rubbed on brasen Vessels renders them as if they were perfectly silvered A solution of Calcined Tin being put to melted Salt of Tartar becomes bluish A clear infusion of Galls being mixt with a solution of Vitriol makes Ink if you add to this Spirit of Vitriol or Stygian water the black Liquor is by and by made clear like Spring water and this Oil of Tartar reduces again to Ink. And what is more wonderful if you write on Paper with the clear infusion of Vitriol and frame any Letters what you so write presently vanishes nor is there any marks of the Characters left but if you smear over the Paper with an infusion of Galls presently the Letters may be read as if wrote with Ink which yet with a Pen run over dipt in Spirit of Vitriol you may put quite out at once wetting and then again render them with wetting them with another Liquor of Tartar The Sky-colour Tincture of Violets being dashed with Oil of Vitriol becomes of a Purple colour to which if you add some drops of the Spirit of Harts Horn that Purple colour is changed into Green Brasil Wood being infused in common water leaves a very pleasant Tincture like to Claret Wine if you pour to this a little distilled Vinegar the Liquor appears clear like White Wine a few drops of Oil of Tartar reduces it to a deep Purple colour then if the Spirit of Vitriol be poured in it becomes of a pale yellow like to Sack if you add the Salt of Lead being soluted by deliquation the mixture grows presently Milky by this means you may imitate that famous Water-drinker who having swallowed down a great deal of Spring water was wont to vomit forth into Glasses placed before him diversly coloured Liquors resembling the ideas of divers kinds of Wines for Glasses being medicated with the aforesaid Tinctures so lightly that they may not be perceived by the standers by will not only cause the water poured into them to imitate every Wine but will exhibit the very Proteus himself of the Poets changed into waters and from thence putting on all colours and infinite forms If a Reason of these kind of appearances be asked it ought to be fought in the minute Particles contained within the pores of every Liquor which as to their site and position being diversly altered by another Liquor infused transmit variously the Rays of Light many ways break or reflect them and so make divers appearances of colours For when the Rays of Light pass through almost in right Lines they make a clear colour like Spring water but it in their passage they be a little broken the Liquor grows yellowish but being more refracted they cause a red colour if they are bowed back so as to be drained or that they cannot shew themselves a dark or black colour arises but if they are again reflected to the outmost Superficies of the Liquor they create the image of Whiteness after this manner we might variously Philosophise about other colours and their appearances the diversity of which and sudden alterations in Liquids depend chiefly on Precipitation because as the Particles conteined in the Liquor are driven somtimes more near by another infusion that they clasp themselves together somtimes are ordered into other series of positions the diverse representation of colours is made For Liquor being impregnated with little Bodies or Atoms or this Nature most minutely broken seems as an Army of Soldiers placed in their Ranks who now draw into close Order now open their Files and Ranks now turn to the left now to the right hand as is diversly shown in the exercising of Tacticks or the Art Military When two clear Liquors being mixed together shall make Ink it is because the Particles conteined in either approach near one another and as it were placed in their close Orders hinder the passage of the beams of light when afterwards this Ink is made clear by another Liquor poured in it is because the new Bodies of the thing put in disperse abroad the former close joyned Particles and drive them as it were into their open Orders CHAP. XII Of the motion of Fermentation as it is to be observed in the Coagulation and the Congelation of Bodies COagulation and Congelation of Natural Bodies no less than their Solution depend only on these our Principles The improportionate mixture of these and the exaltation and powerfulness of some above others are the cause of either Spirit and Sulphur being loosned from the bond do not only pull assunder the proper Subjects but they set upon whatever is next them and where they are mighty in number and strength they affect nothing more than divorces and separations from the rest of the Principles and suffer no delay but on the contrary Salts love to be united to the rest and to be made into hard and solid substances and being destitute of the Company of the rest presently to enter into new Friendships and desire only not to be joyned to any opposite If at any time they are more impetuously moved either by their own disposition or being soluted they destroy the substance of others this thing seems to be done for this end

other thing with various gestures whereof we are ignorant or not willing them we scarcely think or speak any thing but at the same time the hands are flung out here and there and whilst the Tongue hesitates or sticks or the words at it were stick between the Jaws the right hand is exercised as if by its gesture it were endeavouring to draw out more swiftly the sence of the mind Truly that these parts to wit the Hands and Arms do so nearly conspire with the Affections of the Brain and Heart in their motions in some measure in all living Creatures but more eminently in Man the cause seems to be this nerve's coming from the spinal Marrow to the beginning of the wandring pair and communicating with its nerves and receiving from them as it were the note or private mark of the involuntary Function So much for the spinal Nerve which also like a shrub growing from other shrubs hath no peculiar origine but having received various fibres is radicated for the greatest part in the spinal Marrow and as hath been shewn partly in the nerve of the wandring pair Concerning the nerve of the Diaphragma of which we shall speak next many things occur no less worthy remarking As to its beginning it may be observed That it arises from the brachial nerves with a double or triple root to wit two or three shoots going out of the aforesaid nerves grow together into the same Trunk which is the nerve of the Diaphragma In man its first shoot which is also the greatest is produced out of the second Vertebral nerve and when the first brachial nerve arises from the same handful of Vertebral nerves going out at this place the aforesaid shoot is rooted in its origine wherefore when in Brutes the first brachial nerve arises from the fourth or fifth Vertebral the nerve of the Diaphragma also begins its rise far lower two other shoots arise out of the same stocks of the brachial nerves which follow next Fig. 9. Υ. φ. But the Trunk which is made out of these shoots goes forward single through the passage of the Neck and the cavity of the Thorax without any branching forth even to the Diaphragma Fig. 9 χ. where being at last stretched out into three or four shoots it is inserted on either side to the fleshy or musculous part of it so that because the Diaphragma is a Muscle and performs both its motions to wit Systole and Diastole by its own Fibres the office of either nerve is only to carry bands or forces of animal Spirits requisite for the indiscontinued action of that part and also to convey thither the Instincts of the Motions variously to be performed As to the first use of this Nerve viz. for the passage of the animal Spirits the business is performed in this Muscle as it is in the Heart The Spirits flowing into the Diaphragma by the nerves receive subsidiary Forces to wit a sulphureous Copula from the blood upon whose explosion being still iterated by turns and the receiving of new the action of this perpetual moveable depends Concerning the Instincts of the Motions transmitted by the passage of this double nerve we may observe That they are especially in man of a double kind viz. either the action of the Diaphragma merely natural for the performing of Respiration is continually reciprocated according to the uses of the Heart and Lungs and altered many ways in their tenour according to their needs or secondly a certain irregular and unusual motion of the Diaphragma is wont to be excited at the beck of the Appetite or from the instigations of other parts for the which whilst the rest of the Organs of Respiration are compelled to conspire the act it self of Respiration becomes after a various manner interrupted or unequal 1. As to the first of these viz. the unforced motion of this Muscle it may be observed That the Diaphragma with the Muscles of the Thorax and the parts of either conspire in their motion with the action of the Lungs and Heart and that between all these such a joynt action may be sustained it is observed That three or four branches are sent out from the Vertebral nerves in the branches of which the nerve of the Diaphragma is rooted into the intercostal infolding Fig. 9. Τ. and whereas from this infolding the nerves are carried into the Muscles of the Thorax by this means a communication and consent of action is effected between these and the Diaphragma Therefore the Diaphragma drawing with it self the Muscles of the Thorax by reason of other nerves conspires with the Praecordia These in man going from the intercostal nerve are already described and in Brutes from the lower infolding of the wandring pair a nerve is sent down into the infolding of the Thorax to which besides so many shoots and certain fibres reaching forth into the nerve of the Diaphragma are instead of such a commerce 2. The Anomal and irregular motions of the Diaphragma proceed from various causes and from the divers instigation of other parts which also in man become much more signal than in brute Animals because in him the communication is notable by the nerves reaching out from the Cervical infolding of the intercostal pair into the nerve of the Diaphragma which kind of infolding and nerves are wanting in Brutes As to the Species themselves of irregular motions into which the motion of the Diaphragma is wont to be perverted it may be observed That we are able at our pleasure to stop breathing or respiration for some space and presently to take it or draw it out In laughing weeping and singing sometimes the Systole sometimes the Diastole becomes stronger and is made frequenter upward or downward with a repeated shaking which sort of actions of it are made by reason of those near commerces had between the nerve of the Diaphragma and other respective parts of the Breast and Face yea indeed from hence it is effected as we have already shewn that man is peculiarly a laughing Creature Further which we have shewn elsewhere from the Sympathy which happens between the parts of the Mouth and Face with the Diaphragma by those nerves a good reason of sneezing may be given and that Problem of Aristotles easily solved to wit why men alone or chiefly before other Creatures sneeze For the act of sneezing seems to be made for this end that man may not only clear his Nose but that all Torpor or heaviness may be shook off for him from the neighbouring Organs of the Senses yea and from all the fore-part of the Brain which thing easily succeeds if the Membranes and nervous passages besmearing the Nostrils and the Sieve-like Bone like the holes of a Sponge being strongly wrung forth or squeezed together be forced to shed forth their moistures for these parts so emptied presently like a pressed Sponge receive other humors to wit those coming from the neighbouring parts In the mean time that the watry heap

to take anti-hysterical Remedies and purges at certain set intervalls but without any help At last I being sent for because she seemed indued with a strong habit of body and with a notable fierceness of spirits I gave her a stronger Emetick by which she vomited forth ten times greenish Choller like to rust with phlegm sharp like stygian water and she was suddenly eased After this I gave her every morning a draught of white-wine dilated with the water of black Cherries with sows or hog-lice bruised and infused therein and strongly pressed forth By the Use of these she seem'd presently to be cured and was well above a Month And when afterwards the distempers being about to return she felt at any time some forerunners presently by the use of a vomit and the expression of the Millepedes or Cheslogs she averted the approach of the Disease within three months she so far recovered her former health that she has now liv'd for many years free from those kinde of Convulsive distempers But from the time the convulsive passions wholly ceased she was sometimes troubled about the parts of her mouth and throat with a defluxion of a most sour humour like the vitriolick Stagma besides sometimes she was obnoxious to the Pica or longing of women and at sometimes also to the Cough with a discolored spittle threatning a Consumption notwithstanding which by remedies used in these kinde of Cases she was easily cured The reasons of aforesaid case As to the Aetiologie or Rational account of the aforesaid Case there is no reason that we should fear to refer both the Causes and Symptoms of this disease to the explosive particles the brain being pass'd thorow without hurt sent as a supply Continually from the blood into the nervous stock which forasmuch as they being poured forth in great plenty were not restrained within private mines to be struck off only by turns cleaving every where both to the implanted and inflowing Spirits forced them as it were inspired with a madness to be perpetually exploded and to grow raging here and there by bands so that indeed they were not able at all to be ruled within the containing parts but there was need to overthrow and to tame them impetuously tumultuating and apt to be carried here and there like a whirlwinde by some very violent and strong exercise In truth in was in this sick person as it is in musical Organs which if filled above measure by too great a blast of winde unless presently the passages of more Pipes be opened the whole frame of the Organ is quickly shaken and in danger to be broken to pieces In like manner in this Lady when the animal Spirits actuating the pipes and the depending fibres of some of the nerves were moved beyond their due tenour there was a necessity that their force should be bestowed on many vehement local motions together whilst they inslated above measure the nervous bodies wherefore when their madness was hindred in on part by and by like winde pent up creeping somewhere else it broke forth more violently in some other part In this sick person the use of one or two Vomits brought help once or twice because that by it what was lodged in the gallie-vessell yea the glandula's and emunctuories and also about the viscera of concoction being by this means emptied the purging of the blood and nervous juce were more Copiously drawn into the same place therefore indeed that the animal Spirits flowing within the Pipes of the distemperd nerves might be less infected by them By this reason also the juice of the Sows or hog-lice was benefici●l forasmuch as it derived the morbifick matter from the nervous kinde to the urinary passages Besides these Remedies the Root and in a great part the branches of the morbific matter being cut off and when others as it were antidotes hindring every where its vegitation were carefully administred whatsoever was left of it Nature at length becoming superior as she is wont in these criticall Cases sent away to the sinks of the mouth and Throat Observation 4 Whilst I was writing these things I visited an illustrious Virgin who was troubled with other kinde of Convulsive motions and those universal and no less to be admired she was about 18. years of age hansome and well made and before this time healthfull when the Pestilence raging in this neighbourhood she had come within the danger of its Contagion she fell into a panick fear with frequent swouning the night fellowing she suffer'd so great a deliquium or sinking down of her Spirits and insensibility that she seem'd just a dying hardly strugling with so great an evill afterwards she had every day Convulsive fits though at first at uncertain hours and returning after a manifold Kinde But within a short time its comings being made regular twice in a day to wit they constantly returned at eleven of the clock and before five in the afternoon that no intermitting feavour kept more exactly its periods yea also the same accidents of the fit dayly chanced after the same manner When she had thus been sick for three weeks one day I was sent for that I might take notice of all the Symptoms and the whole figure of the disease she being up about ten in the morning was well in her Countenance going and speech she behaved her self exceeding well so that none would ever suspect her to be sick at eleven of the clock she began to complain of a fullness of her head and numbness of Spirits with a light swimning by and by she felt a great pulsation and as it were the leaping of some live animal in her left hypochondrium putting my hand on her side I plainly perceived this motion then a stretching and belching followed which done she was presently put to bed and a maid siting upon a pillow held her down who during the fit most strictly graspt the sick person holding her to her bosom with her arms foulded about her wast besides servants were ready and her relations standing by who now press'd down her belly and hypochondria rising up and swelling to a great bulk now held her hands and arms The chief Symptoms of the Disease which being excited by turns almost divided the whole fit were these two viz. one while Cruel Convulsions of the Bowells did infest her so that the abdomen rising up into a mighty bulk strove against the hands of the by-standers held upon it that it could not be pressed down and at the same time her Praecordia being contracted upwards the motions of her blood and heart were almost stop't in which space of time this virgin her head falling down with a small pulse and almost without voice lay nigh sensless after two or three minutes of an hour these Convulsions ceased and then the sick person setting her self upright look'd about cheerfully and for a while the force of the disease changed into talking and singing both of which she without