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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06617	Instructions for the warres Amply, learnedly, and politiquely, discoursing the method of militarie discipline. Originally written in French by that rare and worthy generall, Monsieur William de Bellay, Lord of Langey, Knight of the order of Fraunce, and the Kings lieutenant in Thurin. Translated by Paule Iue, Gent.; Instructions sur le faict de la guerre. English	Fourquevaux, Raimond de Beccarie de Pavie, baron de, 1509-1574.; Ive, Paul. Practise of fortification. aut; Du Bellay, Guillaume, 1491-1543, attributed name.	1589 (1589)	STC 1708.5; ESTC S109957	278,520	369

one was called the right corner the other the left They would neuer suffer that theyr assistants should be more in number then theyr Legionaries but as for the horssemen they made no great accompt although they were more in number then theirs With such an army of 20000 footemen and about 1500. horsse of seruice at the vttermost a Consull of Rome did enterprise all factions and did execute them True it is that when as they were to deale with a verye great force of theyr enemyes they assembled two Consuls and caused the two Hoastes Consulares to ioyne together We must note moreouer that in all the thrée principall actions that an army doth as in marching lodging and fighting the aforesaid Romanes did put theyr Legions in the middest because they would that the force which they trusted most should be most vnited yet their confederates were not inferiours vnto them because of the great practise that they had together for in truth they were practised and raunged after one manner As they had two Legions of their owne Citizens and two of their assistants in euery one of their hoasts so likewise I will take foure Legions of Frenchmen or two at the least and they shall be of 6100. footemen for this number liketh me best for that Vegetius hath vsed it in the framing of his Legions and of the two abouesaid Legions I will make my principall force If so be that we would haue strange souldyers amongst them I would place the sayd strangers at the two corners of the army as the Romanes did their assistants But I suppose that there shall be no strangers in the hoast that I will make at this present or if there should be I would not haue the number of the Legions which I require to be diminished but that there should alwayes be foure by the ordering of which foure may easily be vnderstoode how a greater armye should be raunged for if there should be a greater number of people then the sayd foure Legions there were no more to do but to make many small Batailons and to place them behinde and at the sides of the Bataile in forme of Subsides to succour any part of the Batailon that might be oppressed of which Subsides it shall be necessary to vse for the diuers formes of Batailons that enemyes oftentimes do make to the intent that without changing or taking any thing out of place we might at all times haue wherewithall to resist them as if any of the enemyes Batailons should be raunged in Point that is with a narrow strong battaile we might immediatly bring forward those that are behinde and those vpon the flanks and range them in the forme of two vnited forces to receiue and inclose betwixt them the enemyes Point when it shall approch or if the said enemyes should march with their front of great breadth they then might march in Point and force to breake into them These people would be also good to repulse those that should sodainely charge vpon the flanks of the Batailon or behind they may also serue to relieue those that are in danger or to strike downe those that runne away and for many other good actions which I leaue to speake of wherein we might employ those that might be in our Camps ouer and aboue the said four Legions notwithstanding for these purposes there néede none to be leuied sith the Forlorne hope those of the flanks might serue the turne Furthermore I thinke that it shall not be néedfull to recite againe the number of people that I haue appointed for euery Legion nor that there are tenne ordenary bands and two extraordinary nor what armes and weapons they should carry nor the diuersitie of Pikemen nor what officers Chiefs there should be in euery Legion because that I haue before recited them perticularly wherefore without any more repetition I say that the first Legion for they must all be distinguished by degrées ought at all times to be raunged in the Batailon in one place and the others likewise Therefore I would that the first Legion should keepe the right side and the second the left and that the first rankes of the Hastaries of these two Legions should be raunged as farre forward the one as the other and all the other rankes following And for a more manifest demonstration suppose that the enemyes be towards the East and that we do raunge the fronts of our battailes towards them the first Legion being vpon the right hand on the South side the second Legion vpon the left hand on the North side and their backs towards the West and the Hastaries one right against another one as far forward as an other and the Princes Triaries of both these two Legions must likewise kéepe one and the selfe-same order ranks spaces distances there must a space be left betwixt the two Legions from the front vnto the tayle which must be thirty paces broade these two Legions shall occupy the place that the two Legions of the Citizens of Rome did occupy I would haue the third Legion to be placed on the right corner the fourth on the left and raunged in the selfe-same order that the two Legions betwixt thē are with spaces betwixt thē of 30. paces broade so that the foure Legions should occupy in breadth a thousand pases or more The Forlorne hope shall be at the head and the horssemen of the first and third Legion shall be on the right wing and the horsemen of the second and fourth Legion vppon the left wing And for to gouerne this army well it would be necessary to haue certayne principall Chiefes and Officers who should be subiect and obedient vnto one Lieutenant Generall There shall be therefore two Chiefes to wéet one Captaine generall of the horssemen vnto whome all the Captaynes that haue charge of horssemen must be obedient The other shall be Captayne generall ouer the footemen vnto whome all the Colonels and Captaines that haue charge of footemen shall be obedient The dignitie of these two Chiefes is equall because that the one commaundeth ouer the one kinde of Souldyers and the other ouer the other and they are the highest degrées that are in an army excepting the Generall chiefe and vnto which estates all other degrées may aspire each one in his facultie as he that is a horsseman may attaine to be Captayne generall ouer horssemen and he that is a footeman may attayne to be Captayne generall ouer the footemen to arise vnto which dignities there must be as many degrées passed in the one facultie as in the other for I make twelue degrées in either of them First amongst the footemen there is the Forlorne hope amongst whom I would place all those which I would inrowle to fill a Legion The second place is to be of the flanks in these two places they should passe through all offices except the Corporals before that they should be of the Battailon being of

in an ill minde a dishonest bodie and a cankered heart there can neuer enter nor dwell any poynt of vertue If then the souldiers may be found well conditioned at the first there must bee order taken that they may so continue while they are in their bands and therefore it should be necessarie that they might alwaies be occupied to kéepe them from idlenes and this occupation should be either in doing their owne busines or in exercising their armes which they might vse vpon holidaies and vpon other daies attend vnto their own busines and labour in their science and they that haue no occupation ought to bee constrained to learne one within a certaine time I speake of those that are no gentlemen to the intent that they may haue maintenaunce when as the warres are ended that haue no lands In this doing the king should finde himselfe without comparison to bee better serued of them then he is of those who make the warres their occupation At the vttermost if the danger that might happen by this leuie should be thought to be asmuch as the profite or more and that the king his counsell rested vpon this conclusion that it were more sure for to let his commons to sleepe in time of peace then to awake them by putting armes into their hands At the least me thinke that when warres did happen and when there is question to leuie men in Fraunce wee ought to helpe our selues in chusing souldiers after this manner and that they should be compelled to inroule themselues in such sort as I haue sayd for which there must be good authoritie giuen vnto the Captaines and likewise good time to choose and leuie them in As for to leuie them as we are accustomed it hath no order in it I meane if wee will haue men of seruice for in this case the Captaines are constrained to receiue all that come vnto them aswell the good as the bad and sometimes the worst do make themselues to be intreated and to bee bought dearer then if they were any thing worth and notwithstanding they must bee had if it were but to fill vp the number I would therefore that the Captaines might haue more time to make their bands then they haue in which time they should bee bound to vse great diligence in trayning their men and in trayning them to march toward the place of meeting making small iornies to exercise them vpon the way How Souldiers ought to be armed and weaponed both according vnto the manner that was vsed in the old time and that which we do vse at this present The 4. Chapter AFter that these men are chosen and inroulled they must bee armed the best and surest way that may bee deuised and in such sorte that they may haue an aduauntage of all other men For which cause me thinke it were good to examine what armes the auncient souldiers did beare and those that wee do vse at this day to the intent to take those that might be thought most surest The Romanes deuided their footmen into heauie armed men and into light armed men They called their light armed men Velites vnder which word were vnderstood all those that vsed Slings Darts and Bowes the greatest part whereof as saith Polibius were armed with a Sallet and carried a Target vpon their armes to couer themselues and fought with out order a good distance from their heauie armed men Those that were heauie armed had a head-peece that came down to their shoulders and were armed vpon their bodies with curets whose tasses did couer them vnto the knees Moreouer their armes and legges were armed and they carried a Shield that was foure foote long and two foote broade which Shield was bound with yron aloft and belowe to keepe it from cleauing and wearing and in the middest of it was a bosse of yron fastened to abide blowes the better Besides that they had a sword girt to their left sides on their right sides a short dagger and in their hands a Darte called Pilum which they threwe when they began the combate Some wrighters do say that besides the foresayd Shield they carried a Pike namely the souldiers of Greece but that should seeme impossible for as much as they would haue béen troubled enough to haue vsed one of those weapons alone and as for to vse them both at once would haue been but little for their ease for the Pike alone requireth both handes On the other part the Shield serued but only to couer them because it was not very maniable nor likewise would the Target bee handled very well for it would bee too combersome except that at the beginning of the combate they should vse the Pike hanging their Targets vpon their backes and entring the approach so neere that the Pike might stand them in no more steade they then casting it from them might helpe themselues with their Targets and their Swordes And as for those that do carrie the Pike as if they could carrie nothing else I say that if they did but thrust with their Pikes the Target might hinder them nothing at all although they should beare it in that manner that it ought to bee borne The Greekes laded not themselues with so heauie harnes as the Romanes did but they gaue themselues more to the vse of the Pike principally the Phalanges of Macedonia who carried Pikes of ten cubites long called Sarisses with the which they enforced their enemies to beate their rankes and yet kept themselues in order but sith the Romanes did conquer the whole world wee may beleeue that they were the best armed of all others The fashiō at this day is to arme a foot man with a corselet cōplet or with a shyrt of male and a head-piece which me think is suffcient for the defence of a man and I finde our manner of arming to be better then the Romanes And as for our offensiue weapons we do carry the sword as they did but somewhat longer the other weapons are the Pike the Halbard the Pertisan the Harquebusse and many others lesse in vse amongst Souldyers and the Target but that there is but little accompt made of it except it be for some assault neither is there almost any man that will lade himselfe with it except Captaines The Harquebusse hath bin inuented within these fewe yeares and is verie good so that it be vsed by those that haue skill but at this present euery man will be a Harquebusier I knowe not whether it be to take the more wages or to be the lighter laden or to fight the further off wherein there must be an order taken to appoint fewer Harquebusiers and those that are good then many that are worth nothing for this negligence is cause that in a skirmish wherein tenne thousand Harquebussados are shot there dieth not so mutch as one man for the Harquebusiers content themselues with making of a noyse and so shoote at all aduentures The Halbards are armes newly inuented as

leesing them and the third the second and the others likewise following vntil the last This done you may order euerie one of these bands in that order that they must be ranged in when al the Legion is in one Battailion together And for to doe this the Pikes for the flankes shal be taken out of their order shal be put one the one side and two Corporalls of ordinary Pikes shall make the head the one Corporall and his people first and the other Corporall and his people afterward and the Corporall of the Halbardiers shall followe them with the Ensigne in the midst of the Halberds The other two Corporalls of ordinarie Pikes shall make the taile eache one with his men and they shal be rancked fiue and fiue and euerie Corporall must be shewed what place he must keepe at al times and the Corporalls must afterwards shew the Chiefes of squadrons and the cheifes of squadrons their Deceners The Captaine must be at the head of the band and the Lieutenant at the taile The Sergeant hath no place of abiding except the Captaine doe giue him one but must trot vp and downe from place to place to make the ranks to keepe good order and to commaund that the Captaine willeth to be done The Clarke of the band shal be there also out of ranke to take view of those that wante that they might be punished afterward according vnto the lawes that the Colonell shall make for that purpose The second ranke shall enter with in the first the fourth within the third the sixt within the fifte and the other afterward following so that the 85. ranks which the fiue Corporalls with their Chiefs of Squadrons comprised doe come vnto 42. rankes in euery one of which ranks are 10. men besides their Corporals which are ranged before their people These 42. rankes shal be againe redoubled in making the on ranke to enter within the other as is a foresaid then wheras they were before but 10. mē they shal now be 20. with euery one of which ranks their Chief of squadrons shall range themselues in the midst so that he shall haue ten men vpon his right side and ten vpon his left which is a iust squadron Euerie Corporall shall place himselfe before his fower squadrons so that the Souldiers of this one band shall make 20. rankes euerie one of which rankes shall haue 21. men The first 8. rankes and the last shal be all Pikemen and the fower in the midst shal be all Halbardiers Or otherwise all the souldiers of one Squadron might followe one another and to make so many Squadrons as you intend to make rankes For my meaning is that euerie Squadron shoulde make but one ranke So that if they be ranked fiue and fiue and that you would range the 20. Squadrons in battaile the Squadrons must be brought vp the one by the side of the other vntill that they be all ranked the one nether before nor behinde the other The first of euerie ranke shal be the Chiefes of the Squadron and the second one of the two Diceneres and after him all his Dicenere The other Dicenere shal be in the last ranke and he shall serue for the guide behinde His Souldiers shal be ioyned vnto his companions in such order that the last of the one and the last of the other shall make the two middle rankes And as I did before place Halbardes in the midst so I pretend heere also to haue as many and these shal be the last of euerie Dicenere that shall cary Halbards and so there shal be no expresse Squadrons of Halbards By this reckoning there shal be in this little Batailon 21. rankes of 20. men in front euerie one of the Corporalls shall place himself before his Souldiers And whether the first maner be better then this or no allwaies it is euident that the Souldiers should be practised in such sort that they might know how to range themselues in battaile and must be made to martch hastely forward and backwarde and to passe through troublesome passiages not loosing or breaking their order and if they can doe this they deserue to bee called practised Souldiers although that they neuer sawe enemies and on the contrary parte those that cannot keepe these orders although they had bin in a thousand warres ought to bee called but new souldiers It is also a hard matter for men to put themselues suddainly into their first order after that they are once broken either through ill passages or by their enemies except they haue had great exercise and long custome But to helpe them it weare necessarie to haue two things done the one is that the Ensignes might bee easely knowne and that the Chiefes Members and officers should haue some cognissance vpon their armes or their garments and the other is that euery bande shoulde bee ranged in the Battaillion in one accustomed place and not chaunge at any time and that the Corporalls should know their places with their troups not altering at any time so that if a Corporall were accustomed to bee in the first ranke hee shoulde allwaies continew there in the place appoynted them at the beginning And if a band bee accustomed to be on the right side it shoulde there continew and that on the left side likewise in his place By this meanes if the Souldiers weare accostomed to knowe their places put case that they should be out of order they would quickly bring themselues in againe for the Ensigns knowing their accustomed places in the Battaillion the Corporalls knowing euerie one their place might soone see where they ought to range for those of the frunt would retyre vnto the frunt and those of the taile vnto their places also Moreouer the Chiefes of Squadrons doe knowe into how many rankes they should range themselues and aswell they as the Corporals doe knowe who shoulde goe before and who should followe Wherefore the Souldiers hauing nothing to doe but to follow their Chiefes woulde range themselues readily euery one in his place without Sergeant or any other to place them for that the custome would make them perfect Thse thinges heare spoken of doe teache themselues so that there be diligence vsed and custome and after that they are once well learned they will be hardly forgotten It shal be also necessarie to make them to turne all at once for somtime the head must be made the tayle or one of the flanks according vnto the enimie his force and the place he will assault them on and for to answer on that side that shall be necessarie there needes no more but to turne their faces and that part that they turne toward shall be called the front But who so would that a whole Bataillon should turne all together as if it were a massie body must haue therein great practise and discretion for as if they should turne toward the left hand those of the left corner should stand still and those next

enuiron your Battayles vppon euery side for what side so euer should be assayled you haue Pikemen to defend the same moreouer the officers numbers Chiefes are distributed into sutch places that they may easily commaund their people obey their Captain generall The distances betwixt the ranks bands battailes do not only serue for to receiue one another but also to make place for those that come and goe to carry re-carry the commaunds of the Chiefes Furthermore I haue said that the Romanes had in foure of their Legions the number of 21000. footemen which were all the people that they commonly had in one of their armyes This Hoast which I frame heere hath 25000. not accompting the principall Chiefes and Officers who also haue some followers Finally they had horssemen so likewise mine haue a good number who are better armed and furnished then theirs were wherefore sith the battailes are raunged in all points readie to fight there resteth nothing but to set these people aworke I do require therefore that I may be héere permitted to giue battaile with these foure Legions against another great Hoast of Enemyes to the intent to shewe after what manner I would haue them to fight afterward I will giue a reason for that I cause them to do during the battaile which battaile I do fayne by imagination The Author sheweth by a fayned Battaile how an army of foure Legions raunged after the manner that he teacheth should vse their fight against their enemyes vpon a day of battaile The 12. Chapter WE do suppose that euery one doth sufficiently vnderstand the ordering of this Hoast and do imagine to sée it readie to begin battaile when so euer it shall be néedfull Or else let vs put case that our enemyes are come out of their Fort and our men also and that both the one and the other meane nothing else but to méere and are approched within Cannon shot Let vs also suppose that the said enemyes are raunged in very good forme of battaile and that they haue a great force of all sorts of people aswell footemē as horsemen besides good store of Ordnance And furthermore that the place wherein these 2. armies do attēd to enter into battaile is large and plaine so that the scituation cannot helpe the one to annoy the other The matter being in these termes and the two armies in sight there resteth no more but to giue fire vnto the péeces and to discharge them You may now see that the gunners do not sleepe on neither side and also heare how the cannon doth rore Let vs marke what murder it doth Haue you seene how little hurt our Ordnance hath done vnto the enemies at the first vollie Herevpon the King his Lieutenant Generall doth cause his Trumpet to sound to begin the battaile This done you see our Forlorne hope and our Harquebuziers of the flanckes do go forwards out of their places and our Harquebuziers on horsebacke and Hargoletiers likewise and they altogether assault their enemies without kéeping any ranke approaching them most furiously and with the greatest crye that they can make The enemies Ordnance hath passed ouer our footmens heads not hurting them and to hinder it for shooting the second time our Forlorne hope Harquebuziers on horsebacke and Hargoletiers do runne vpon it and do all their endeuour to winne it and the enemies to defend it so that neither their Ordnance nor ours may do any more seruice You see how our horsemen and footmen mingled one with another do fight valiantly and to good purpose succouring one another the practise which they haue had and the trust that they repose in the Battailons that are at their backes are causes of it which Battailons haue alreadie kist the ground and march orderly as you see a good pace with the horsemen at their wings euery ranke of men of armes being one hundred horse And the light horsemen who do make as many rankes as they are vpon the out-side of the men of armes and are one ranke after an other and do march all very close marke how our Ordnance is retired into the spaces that are left betwixt the Legions for to make place for our Battailes and to leaue them the way free Do you see how the King his Lieutenant Generall and the Captaine Generalls of the horsemen and footmen do go before the Battailons encouraging the Souldiers to do well and the Captaines also calling euery man by his name or by his office declaring vnto them the victorie to be in their hands so that they abide and resist the enemies charge without feare Do you marke how our Harquebuziers on horsebacke and our Hargoletiers do open themselues to make place for our battailes and how the Harquebuziers of the flanckes do returne into their places The Forlorne hope of the right side do returne vnto the right side and those of the left vnto the left and do retire without feare or flight although they haue the enimie at their héeles and a farre greater number then they are and how they do returne all at once to weet the Forlorne hope of two Legions together toward the one side and the Forlorne hope of the other two Legions together toward the other side to put themselues into a newe order the Pikemen by themselues and Harquebuziers by themselues which Pikemen of each two Legions do ranke themselues in eight rankes and euery ranke is a Squadron of 21. men for they are all of this number which is a sufficient number to represent a small Battailon But these two small Battailons are raunged as you may see behind the Triaries each of them right behind the space that is betwixt the two Legions the Harquebuziers do raunge themselues in troopes by them to defend them behind while the fronts do fight They do also remaine there for to bée imployed when as the Lieutenant Generall should haue occasion to vse them But whilest I appoynt our Forlorne hope their place at the tayle of our Legions I do see that the two armies are come together vnto the push of the Pike Marke how resolutely our Battailons do withstand the violence of the enemie and with what vertue and silence they do it The King his Lieutenant Generall commaundeth the men of armes stoutly to resist but not to assaile and that they should not seperate themselues from the footmen and therevpon commaundeth the light horsemen to assaile and after they haue executed their charge they should returne againe into their places On the other part I see that our Harquebuziers on horsebacke and the Hargoletiers and Harquebuziers of the right flancke are gone to charge certaine troopes of the enemies Harquebuziers who would charge our men vpon the flanck and I see that the enemies light horsemen haue succoured their men immediatly and that at this instant the horsemen on both sides are so intermingled that the Harquebuziers can do no seruice with their Harquebuzzes but are constrained to retire vnto

waies and after them marched the right pointe of their Battailon in order ready to sight at the taile of it marched all the baggage of the same point After that marched another Legion and their baggage behinde them and afterward the third Legion their baggage last of all the left point their baggage at their tailes behind which baggage marched all the horsmē this maner did the said Romans ordinarily vse in going through the country if the hoast were assayled either before or behinde they caused theyr baggage and carriage to be retired all at once either vpon the left side or vpon the right side as came best to hande and when the Souldiers and place were free of all incumbrances the Battailes turned their faces towardes that side that their enemies came to assault them on And if so bee that they were assayled vpon one of the flankes they put their baggage one the other side and made head vnto their enemyes Me thinkes that this manner of marching through an enemie his countrie should be the best that might be imitated in this case we might likewise send out before on euery side a good number of Hargoletiers and Harquebusiers a Horsebacke to discouer the wayes round about our hoast send part of our light Horssemen to follow the said Hargoletiers and Harquebusiers somwhat néere to succour them if they should haue anye encounter the battailes as is aforesaid marching in good order with their rankes at large so that the way were broad ynough or at the least that in euery ranke should be ten mē As for to marche at length being in an enemies country is an euill counsell The Legions ought euery one to march by themselues with their cariages at their backes after the maner of the Romanes And for that there are two sorts of baggage to wit one that perteineth vnto the Soldiers particularly and the cariages which doe appertaine vnto the common vse as the prouisiō of victuals armes Ordnance it would not bee amisse to deuide the sayd carriage into foure parts and to giue vnto each legion besides their particular baggage the one fourth part of the publke cariages Moreouer it would be well done to deuide the Ordnaunce into fower partes if it were but to auoyde the enuie that would bee amongst men of warre if the one part of the armie should haue it in charge and the other not or if the one should haue more then the other And likewise the vnarmed people ought to be deuided equally such as Pyoners Carters Victualers men of occupation and other poore people that do follow a Campe to get their liuing to the intent that euery number of armed men might haue iustly their charge that the one should not be more aduantaged and charged then the other But when as it dooth happen that an hoaste doth trauaile through a countrey that is not onely suspected but also is such an enemie as the sayde Hoaste dooth looke euerye hower to bee assayled then the forme of martching before spoken of may be altred and the hoast ranged in another order which order should bee so good that neither the people of the Countrey or an enemie his armie might at any time finde the Lieuetenaunt Generall nor his battailes in disorder in any one poinct nor likewise giue him any repulse or to doe any domage vnto his men To auoide the daunger of these suddaine assaults which are made by stealth the auncient Chiefes were accustomed to martch with their hoastes square not that they were altogeather square but they were raunged with foure faces and by that meanes they martched through their enemie his Countrey beeing ready to defend themselues whensoeuer that they should bee assaulted and vsed no other forme except they were constrained to fight with their Battailes raunged or that they were charged with too great a force of enemies This manner of marching will I vse in this place and will shew how to order fower Legions after this manner by immitating of whose example a greater armie may bee conducted to martch through out all Countries without daunger af enemies and to make head one what part soeuer that it should be assayled The Battailes must bee raunged in suche sort that the first Legion must be at the right corner of the said square and the Hastaries of this Legion should occupie their accustomed place towardes the east for it shal be supposed that they do martch toward the east and afterward the Princes and Triaries must place themselues towardes the South so that they and the said Hastaries shall make a right angle which is one fourth part of a quadrant The seconde Legion shal be placed vpon the left corner and the Hastaries of the saide Legion shal be raunged on the east part as the Hastaries of the first Legion so that the Hastaries of these two legions shall make the front of the said square vppon the east side leauing a space of ten paces distaunt betwixt the saide two legions The Princes and Triaries of the second legion must bee raunged on the north side who beeing ioyned vnto their Hastaries shall make another angle and by that meanes these two legions are the one halfe of the quadrant and to finishe it the third Legion must bee raunged behinde the first in suche sort that the Hastaries of that legion shall make the one halfe of the angle towardes the West to shew their faces that way if it should be needfull and their Princes and Triaries shall make the other halfe of the corner and shal haue their faces towardes the South if it should be needfull and shal ioyn vnto the Princes and Triaries of the first Legion reseruing the space that ought to be left betwixt them which shal be ten paces as is aforesaide and these spaces shall likewise be obserued betwixt the people and the other Legions to the intent that they do not touch one another and there must bee a regard had that those spaces may be kept The fourth Legion shal be raunged behind the second placing the Hastaries on the west side and the Princes and Triaries on the north so that the Hastaries of the first and second Legions shal make the front and the Hastaries of the third and fourth shall make the taile The Princes and Triaries of the first third Legions shall make the right side the Princes and Triaries of the second and fourth shall make the left side these two said sides when neede requireth shal turne the faces towards their two Regions to wit those vpon the right side towards the South those on the left side towards the North. All which fower Legions shall make one quadrant not that it shal be perfectly square forasmuch as it shal be a little more in length then in breadth for from the front vnto the taile there shal be a more space left then from the one side vnto the other which square or quadrant shal be ordred

them must go but slowly that those in the right corner should not be constrained to run or els all would come to a confusion but this may better be shewed by effect then by writing As for the two bands that should make the forlorne hope their Pikemen may be ranged in battell to learne them to keepe order for I would vse them and those of the flankes in particular factions to wit in skirmishes and other extraordinary seruice where it should not be needfull to send any great number of people but principally I will haue those of the flanks to defend and couer the Bataillon and as for the forlorne hope I appoint them both Pikes and Harquebusiers to begin the Battell and to fight amongst the Horssemen without keeping any order And to that intent I haue armed them lightlye for their office shall be to fight not standing firme but running from one place to another be it that they haue the enimie in chase or are chased themselues wherein the Pikes may doe great seruice for they may reskue the Harquebusiers and may shew their faces vnto those that would force them whether they were on Horsebacke or a foote or to follow those that should flye and to force those that shrinke So that as well the one as the other whether they be of the body of the Bataillon or of the flanks or of the forlorne hope haue need to be well exercised to the intent that they might knowe how to keepe their ranks and to put themselues readilye againe into their places if they were broken by meanes of ill and straight passage or that the enemy should put them into any disorder and if they can doo this in their particular bands euery band wil afterwards easily learne what place it ought to keepe in the Bataillon and also what they ought to do in a Campe. As for the bands of these legions that are already made in France which are of a 1000 men to bring them into order fyrst make their single order of 6 and 6 and afterwards reduce the six Corporals men which are for the bodie of the Batailon into 96 rankes not comprehending the Corporals nor the Chiefes of Squadrons then double them and make them of 12 in a ranke causing the one ranke to enter within the other as is abouesaid so that the 96 rankes shall come vnto 48. Moreouer they must be doubled againe and from 12 in a ranke they will amount vnto 24. and the Cheife of the Squadron shall ioyne with them so that euery ranke will be 25 men The Corporals shall put themselues before their Squadrons euery man before his owne two Corporals of Pikemen shall make the forepart of this small Battailon and two Corporals of Halbardiers shall make the middest and hee that is formost of them shall make one ranke of Halbardiers and then two ranks of Pikes and after them one ranke of Halbardiers The other corporall that is behind him shall also make one ranke of Halbardiers then 2. rankes of Pikes after them one ranke of Halbardiers by which accoumpt there shall be 2. rankes of Halbardiers together in the middest the Ensigne in the midst of them The other two Corporals shall make the taile of this Batailon and each of their troopes shall make foure rankes Touching the other foure Corporals that remaine one must be appointed for the flanke and the other three for the forlorne hope And this is the forme that I would keepe in ranging one of the bands of these Legions by it selfe wherein the Souldiers must be often practised And if the King would permit that these orders should be diligently executed and put in practise he should haue many good Souldiers in his kingdome in short time but the disorder that is amongst our men of warre at this present is cause that these things are dispraised and therfore our armies can not be good albeit that the Chiefes were naturally vertuous for that they being ill followed and obeyed can neither shewe their knowledge nor their vertue It may bee also that the number of Chiefes which I doe ordaine in a Legion shoulde seeme superfluous or might make a confusion amongst themselues because of the number which I doe institute which thing would be to be doubted except they should referre themselues wholly vnto one Chiefe but hauing one principall Cheife aboue them all the great nomber of officers wil cause good order for if there should not be a great number of Cheifes it would be impossible to gouerne so great a multitude of people for as a wall that ouer hangeth doth require rather to be vpholden with many shoores although they bee not very strong then with a fewe of greate strength for that one alone how strong soeuer it bee cannot assure the wall but onely where it standeth so likewise must it be in a Legion for it is necessarie that among euery ten men there should be one of more courage or at least of greater authoritie then the rest to keepe the other Souldiers firme and in order to fight through their good courage examples words and authoritie specially the Deceniers are necessarie if they did but serue to keepe the rankes right and firme and in so doeing it were impossible that the Souldiers shoulde disorder themselues and if so bee that they shoulde bee so far put out of order that they coulde not immediatly finde their places by meanes of these Chiefes who shoulde haue regard therevnto being by them the Chiefes of the Squadrons are to commaunde the Deceniers and the Corporalls are aboue them who looke into al things that doeth concerne the duety of the Souldiers and theirs But at this day wee serue our selues with all these officers to no other effect but to giue them more wages then vnto other men for that they haue credit to bring certaine compagnions vnto the bands which is cause of many Leagues amongst Souldiers We vse likewise Ensignes at this present more to make a great shew then for any militarie vse our auncetours did vse them for guides and to knowe how to bring themselues into order by them for euerie man after the Ensigne was placed knew his place by it and placed himselfe incontinent they knew also that if it mooued or stayed they ought to mooue or to stay Wherefore it is necessarie that in an hoast there should bee many bodies that is to say bands and that euerie body should haue an Ensigne to conduct those that are of the same body and so the hoast shall haue many soules and by consequent many liues The Souldiers ought then to gouerne themselues by their Ensignes and the Ensignes by the sound of the Drume which being well ordered as it ought to be doth commaund a whole Legion which Legion marching in such sort that the steppes of the Souldiers do agree with the stroke of the Drumme shall easily keepe their order And for this purpose had the auncient Souldiers Flutes Phiphes perfectly agreeing