hold their Pikes continually in marching in the right hand and vpon the right shoulder without euer changing it and so likewise being vpon the left side of the ranke to hold it alwaies vpon the left shoulder those that be in the midst of the rankes haue libertie to vse that side that is best for their commoditie either vpon the right or left hand and to moue their Pikes from shoulder to shoulder at their choise and pleasure It is true that the iust carying of the Pike of those that march in the midst of the rankes is to hold it vpon the left shoulder and to carie their right hand behind vpon their dagger or vpon their side and so generally all as well they that be in the midst as those that be in the head of the rankes are to obserue this order to carie that hand which is at libertie behinde them or vpon their sides Let him march then with a good grace holding vp his head gallantly his pace full of grauitie and state and such as is fit for his person and let his body bee straight and as much vpright as is possible and that which most imports is that they haue alwaies their eies vpon their companions which are in ranke with them and before them going iust one with the other and keeping perfit distance without committing error in the least pace or step and euery pace and motion with one accord and consent they ought to make at one instant time And in this sort all the rankes entirely are to go sometimes softly somtimes fast according to the stroke of the drumme The heele and tippe of their pikes would bee equally holden both of length and height as neere as is possible to auoide that they fall not out to be by bearing them otherwise like vnto organ-pipes some long some short The measure and proportion thereof to hold the heel of the Pike is this It is necessarie for him to haue an eye to the ranke that doth march before him and so carie the Butt-end or heele of his pike that it may bee iust ouer against the ioynt of the hamme of the souldier that in march shall be straight before him and so euery one from hand to hand must obserue the proportion of that height that is right behind vpon the ioynt of the knee for by doing so they cannot commit error carying in their march that legge that is vnder that arme that sustaines and caries the Pike of iust and euen proportion by mouing their pace right vnder the staffe of the Pike going in their march as I haue said before iust and euen with a gallant and stately and sumptuous pace for by doing so they shall be esteemed honoured and commended of the Lookers on who shall take wonderfull delight to behold them march in that order THE SECOND BOOKE OF MILITARY Directions Wherein is set downe the office of a Sergeant Ensigne-bearer Lieutenant the Gentlemen of a band and how to skirmish and discouer CHAP. I. And first the Office of the Sergeant of a Band. SInce euery Officer through his continuall exercise and daily diligence in executing his charge doth attaine vnto perfit experience by daily practise which is as it were conuerted into nature therefore hee which determines with himselfe to be accounted sufficient and of abilitie to discharge the place of a good Sergeant of a band with a forward intent to learne and be thorowly instructed ought first to be a Souldier that hath seene much and a Corporall of good experience according to the directions of my first booke In which two roomes it is very conuenient that he haue tasted and beene present at great diuersitie of seruice and warlike enterprises and to carie a resolute minde to delight in the exercise of this office to the end he be not found therein irresolute and ignorant and that likewise he faile not in the ready performing of any enterprise when Martiall affaires do call him forth to put the same in execution First of all it is very requisite that he haue most perfitly in memorie the number of all the souldiers of the band and distinctly with what weapons they are armed what quantity of Corslets and Pikes how many armed and disarmed carie short weapons what number of Hargabusiers with murrians and without how many musket-eares how many light armed pikes and targets of proofe that the better and more readily vpon a sodaine hee may put the company in order He must euer plant the best armed in places most necessarie as at the front and backe the right and left side of a square The first ranke in ordinarie long marching the targets of proofe must go in as a ready couer and bulwarke against the enemies shot next to them the musket-eares then the Hargabusiers and after them the armed and light pikes amidst whose rankes he must at all times place the Ensigne garded with Halberds or bils and then againe the light armed and armed pikes hargabuse and musket-eares and last of all targets of proofe by this equality of diuision the whole band at one instant shall be ready to receiue any suddaine surprise of the enemie The Sergeant carrying these things in his minde hauing laid a distinct plat he may very easily vary their forme and order as he shall be appointed and as the situation of the place doth require or the accidents of warre doe constraine He must neuer worke vnwarily or at all aduentures and tending to no determined purpose as those that doe not remember the perfit rules and reckonings of their office whereof there be now adaies ouer many for when it is necessary for them to alter their order and that perforce they must quite change the forme and fashion that then they obserue they know not which way to beginne Therefore to the end his order and rankes may be to the purpose duely and directly changed and with facilitie disposed let him euer disseuer and diuide one part of his weapons from an other causing euery one to turne and enter into their rankes and order by themselues so shall hee proceed in taking away setting forward and intermixing one sort of rankes within another very orderly And thereby the full proportion of his band shall be framed as he hath determined or as it is deuised by him that commands either in marching forward and backward or in turning without disorder by 3. 5. 7. or 9. in a ranke as the Lieutenant Captaine or Sergeant maior appoints He ought euer to beware that in ordering the rankes and appointing the soldiers their places that they begin not to make debate or stomacke one another for dignitie of place the which doth oftentimes fall out to their great annoy and damage and the Officers tedious toile For in enterprises of great importance euen in the presence of the invading enemy some vaine-glorious fellowes are accustomed to striue for the chiefest places the which roomes by all reason and of dutie appertaine to the best
Pikes Bringers vp Leaders Second diuision of Pikes Bringers vp Leaders Second diuision of Muskets Bringers vp AFter that the company hath marched in such order as aforesaid in the former figure then the first diuisioÌ of shot when they are come to the place where they should exercise traine or drill makes a stand and the first diuision of the pikes marcheth vp to the front with them on the left hand Then the second diuision of the pikes marcheth vp to the front with the first diuision of pikes on the left hand of them also lastly the second diuision of musketiers marcheth vp on the left hand of the second diuision of pikes which done they are commanded to stand right in their files and right in their rankes at 6 foote distance and commanded silence that euery one may heare the words of command and be ready to execute the same The figure on the other side pag. 149 sheweth the forme and station of the company all things performed as aforesaid note the distance is reckoned from the middle part of a man Front left flanke ãâ¦ã Reare To the right hand The Company standing right in their files and rankes at six foote distance as in the figure before vnto which the Captaine hath an eye in the front and the Lieutenant in the Reare and the Sargeants in the flanks the Sargeants hauing an eare to the Captaine are ready to informe the company what he commands then the Captaine commands them to turne to the right hand and then they moue all togither keeping their left foote fixed and mouing with the right foote onely and hauing performed it the front is where the right hand flanke was as in the figure pag. 151 is plainely demonstrated Note that in or at their facing to any quarter the pikes are to auoide wearinesse ordered and the muskets shouldred for ease and fitnesse The reason of this motion is to make the company perfect to be sodainely prepared for a charge in the right hand flanke or wing As you were HAuing stood a while according to the forme in the former figure the Captaine commands As you were and then they moue all towards the left hand till their faces are turned to the first Front according to the demonstration pag. 153. To the left hand BEcause the enemie may sometimes charge on the left hand flanke therfore that you may sodainely be ready to defend your selues and for diuers other reasons this motion is vsed to turne to the left hand which is done by mouing the right foot the left foot standing still till your faces front towards the left hand flanke according to the demonstration pag. 155. As you were THen hauing performed the aforesaid motion the Captaine Commands As you were and then they moue all towards the right hand till they are turned to the first Front according to the demonstration pag. 157. To the right hand about BEcause there may be a charge giuen in the Reare therefore is this Motion to be practised to turne towards the right hand the left foote remaining fixed till your faces front to that Quarter which was before the Reare and then will they be ready to receiue the Enemie and defend themselues this forme is demonstrated in the next side marked with the number of 159. To the left hand as you were HAuing performed the former Motion the Captaine commands them To the left hand as you were and then they moue all towards the left hand the left foot remaining fixed vntill their faces are turned to the former front according to that of pag. 161. To the left hand about BEcause it is sometimes more conuenient to turne to the left hand then to the right therefore this Motion is also vsed which is to turne towards the left hand till their faces front to the Reare according to the figure in the pag. 163. To the right hand as you were HAuing performed the former Motion the Captaine coÌmands them To the right hand as you were and then they turne all towards the right hand vntill their faces are towards the first Front as in the figure pag. 165. To the right hand double your Ranckes BEcause there will be an occasion sometimes to strengthen the Front it may one way be done thus when all in the second Rancke march vp into the first Rancke to the right or left hand according to the command as here to the right hand and all in the fourth Rancke march vp into the third and so of the rest as in the Example or Figure pag. 167. Where you may perceiue by the letters marked with a Starre that the motion is to the right hand and the Starres in the second fourth sixt eighth and tenth Ranckes shew the places from whence they moued and the figures in the lest flank demonstrating the number of your Ranckes which did moue being ten Ranckes as you may perceiue thereby Ranckes as you were HAuing performed the former motion the Captaine commands Ranckes as you were and then euery one marcheth into his owne place all at one instant and so are againe like the forme in the figure pag. 169. To the left hand double your Ranckes THis Motion differeth nothing in effect from that pag. 167. but that there those that doubled did it to the right hand of their Leaders and here they do it to the left hand which is plaine by the Starres in the Figure pag. 171. Ranckes as you were THe former motion performed the Captaine commands Ranckes as you were and then euery one that doubled marcheth into his owne place or Rancke and so are in forme againe according to the figure pag. 173. BEcause that there was an odde file of musketeares in either flanke and wing of my former figures and being desirous to make the double files perfit without intermixing the pikes with the shot I was forced therefore to change the forme of the Company and to place all the Musketeares in the Right hand flanke of the Pikes according to the demonstration in the other side marked with the number of 175. Note then to alter the forme of the former station and to bring the Company into the forme set downe in the other side as I said before you are to doe as followeth First you are to lead forth the Right wing of shot then the first diuision of Pikes which be in the right hand flanke of the second diuision of pikes and march with them to stand iust against the first diuision of musketeares on the left hand of them leauing a space to place the second diuision of shot betweene them both then you are to march vp with the second diuision of Pikes to stand on the left hand of the first diuision of Pikes Lastly the second diuision of Musketeares marcheth vp to stand on the left hand of the first diuision of Musketeares which will be on the right hand of the first diuision of Pikes which done they are commanded to stand right in their Files and right in
their Rankes at six foot distance and commanded silence that so euery one may heare the words of Command and to be ready to execute the same c. Front Reare To the right hand double your files BEcause there may be occasion of strengthning the Flankes as also for other purposes these words of Command are vsed To the right hand double your Files which is thus performed All the second file from the right hand march euery one behinde his side-man into the first or right hand File and so the fourth File into the third and the sixt into the fift c. which is done of all at one instant after the command is giuen The order whereof is plainely demonstrated in the Figure marked with 177. In which you may perceiue by the Starres from and to what place each man marcheth The Stars are onely set downe in the first and second Files but you are to vnderstand the same order in the third and fourth Files and so of all the rest c. Files as you were HAuing performed the former Motion the Captaine commands them Files as you were and then all those which doubled returne vnto their owne proper places the which is plainely demonstrated in the Figure marked with 179. by the Starres in the first and second Files the which order you must conceiue in the third and fourth fift and sixt c. To the left hand double your files THis Motion differeth little from that marked with 177. but that here the Motion is to the left hand as there it was to the right hand so that those Files which moued then stand still now and those which stood still then moue now all which is so plainly demonstrated by the Starres in the figure marked with 181. that it needs no further explanation Files as you were THe former Motion orderly performed the Captaine commands Files as you were and then those which doubled returne into their proper places according as you may plainely vnderstand by the figure pag 183. in which the Starres demonstrate both from what place they come and whither they march HAuing performed the doubling of Files in all points and orders demonstrated in my figures before this which was done with the shot in the right hand flanke of the pikes hereafter followeth the exercise in the very same forme and station of the Company where with I began the exercise of training the which Musketiers are diuided and placed in both the flankes of the pikes according to the figure in the next side pag. 185. Halfe Files to the right hand double your Ranckes IN the figure pag. 166. was shewed one way how that vpon occasion the Front might be strengthned here is another forme of strengthning the same which requireth two demonstrations or Figures for explanation In the first marked with D. is shewed the manner of acting this Motion and in the second marked with E. is demonstrated the action performed wherein you may perceiue how the sixt Rancke or as some improperly call them middle men doubleth the first Rancke the seuenth the second Rancke the eight the third Rancke the ninth the fourth Rancke and the tenth the fift Rancke Note that in performing this motion the halfe files of Pikes that doubled aduance their Pikes till they haue doubled and then order them D E Halfe Files as you were WHen they haue performed the former Motion according to the direction the Captaine commands Halfe Files as you were and then the halfe Files aduance their Pikes and fall backe with their right legge and so march into their proper places and then they are againe ten deepe at six foote distance according to the demonstration pag. 189. Note that in turning into their places euery one ought to turne to the right hand which is both easier and more pleasing to the eye then turning to the left hand Halfe Files to the left hand double your Ranckes THis Motion differeth nothing in effect from that before demonstrated in the 187. Figure the difference onely is that here the halfe Files which moue march vp to the left hand of the halfe Files that stand whereas according to those Figures they marched vp to the right hand of them The Figures marked pag. 191. make this very plaine Halfe Files as you were HAuing performed the former Motion the Captaine commands Halfe Files as you were and then the Halfe Files which doubled aduance their Pikes and fall backe with their right leg to be cleare of their Side-men and so march into their proper places turning into the same towards the left hand which done they will be in the forme marked with 193. Files to the Right hand Countermarch WHen a charge is expected in the Reare and it being thought conuenient to haue the Leaders of files to be in the places of the bringers vp because they are men best able to receiue the enemie it may be performed in this manner The Captaine commands Files to the right hand Counter-march and then the Leaders of Files aduancing with their right legge turne to the right hand and march downe towards the Reare all the body of the company mouing together and so the second rancke turning as the Front or Leaders of the files did when they haue marched vp to the place where the front was and so doth the third fourth and fift rankes c. The manner whereof is plainely demonstrated in the figure marked with B. and the figure marked with C. sheweth the motion performed B C Files to the left hand Counter-march THis Motion differeth nothing in vse from the former the difference of acting it is onely that there they aduance with the right legge and turne to the right hand and here they aduance with the left legge and turne to the left hand The manner of doing this is demonstrated in the next page marked with G. And the thing done in that marked with H. And therefore needs no further explanation G H The Postures of the Pike HAndle your Pike Aduance your Pike Shoulder your Pike To the right hand charge As you were To the left hand charge As you were To the Front charge As you were To the Reare charge As you were Aduance your Pike Porte your Pike Comport your Pike Traile your Pike Cheeke your Pike Aduance your Pike To your funerall posture traile your Pike Recouer your Pike Order your Pike Your open order at foote Your close order at foote To the Front charge To the right hand charge To the right hand charge To the right hand charge To the right hand charge Order your Pike Aduance your Pike Lay downe your Pike Take vp your Pike Shoulder your Pike Slope your Pike Leuell your Pike Traile your Pike Recouer your Pike Charge your Pike and aduance your ground Retreat charging Aduance your Pike Lay downe your Pike The Postures of the Musket HAndle your Musket Lay downe your Musket Lay downe your bandeleers Hold your Rest in your left hand Take vp your bandeleers with
bow and beare vp his body and so consequently to attaine to the leuell and practise of an assured and seruiceable shot readily charge and with a comely couch discharge making choise at the same instant of his marke with a quicke and vigilant eie His flaske and touch-box must keepe his pouder his purse and mouth his bullets in skirmish his left hand must hold his match and peece and the right hand vse the office of charging and discharging Being against the enemie whilst with an indented course he doth trauell his plaine ground or else takes aduantage of his place and inuasion as vnder the safegard of a trench the backe of a ditch old-wall tree or such like let him euer first load his peece with pouder out of his flaske then with her bullet and last with amuring and touch-pouder foreseeing euer that the panne bee cleane the couer close and the tutch-hole wide or else well proind so that still obseruing modest order in his trauerse neither ouerslow nor ouer-speedy to the entent he become not each mans marke through his sluggishnesse nor runne himselfe out of breath through his owne rashnesse for the most part keeping his side towards his enemie let him discharge going but neuer standing so shall he the better shunne the enemies shot and chuse his assured aduantage A souldier ought to be carefull that his furniture bee good substantiall and staunch from raine the charge of his flaske iust for his peece and the spring quicke and sharpe The pipe of his touch-box somewhat wide that the pouder may haue free passage which otherwise would choake vp In time of marching and trauelling by the way let him keepe a paper in the panne and tutch-hole and in wet weather haue a case for his peece somewhat portable or else of necessitie he must keepe the same from wet vnder his arme-hole or cassocke or by some other inuention free from damage of the weather and his match in his pocket onely that except which he burnes and that likewise so close in the hollow of his hand or some artificiall pipe of pewter hanging at his girdle as the coale by wet or water go not out It is moreouer requisite that a souldier keepe his cocke with oyle free in falling and his peece bright without rusting neither must he want his necessarie tooles as a scowrer tirebale and worme hauing euery one a vice to turne into the end of the scouring sticke so that if through wet weather or any other accident his peece will not be discharged the skilfull Souldier may with his tireball pull out his bullet with the worme the paper and wet pouder and with his scourer make his peece cleane within His scourer must be trimmed on the end with a linnen-cloth of a sufficient substance therewith to make cleane the cannon of his peece within The one end of his scouring sticke ought to haue a round end of bone of iust bignesse with the mouth of his peece therewithall at his pleasure to ramme in pouder and paper or in steed of paper such soft haire as they stuffe saddles withall the danger whereof is not like but this the Souldier must vse when time permits During the time of his seruice let him euer haue a diligent care to keepe his peece cleane and bright within and once a fortnight or at the least once a month take out the breech and throroughly view and wash the barrell within to see whether it hath any flawes brackes chambers frettings or ruptures which would endanger the breaking thereof especially if before hand the end of his bare scourer haue giuen him any cause to suspect such faults to the intent he may change the same for a new for feare of spoiling himselfe He that loues the saftie of his owne person and delights in the goodnesse and beauty of a peece let him alwaies make choise of one that is double breeched and if it be possible a myllan peece for they be of a tough and perfect temper light square and bigge of breech and very strong where the pouder doth lie and where the violent force of the fire doth consist and notwithstanding thinne at the end Our English peeces approach very neere vnto them in goodnesse and beautie their heauinesse only excepted so that they be made of purpose and not one of these common sale peeces with round barrells whereunto a beaten souldier will haue great respect and choose rather to pay double money for a good peece then to spare his purse and endanger himselfe But to returne to my matter let a souldier haue hanging euer at the strings of his tutch-box or some other readie part of his garment a couple of proyning pinnes at the least that if by fortune the tutch-hole of his peece be stopped or furred vp hee may therewith both make his pan cleane and yeeld a ready passage that the fire may haue her course by incorporating both the tutch-pouder without and the corne-pouder within together But a ready Souldier will alwaies fore-see that the tutch hole be so wide as the pouder without in the pan may haue free concourse to that within the peece thereby to hasten more speedy discharge considering a souldier cannot haue leasure and commoditie to proine his peece at all times but must of necessitie vse a great dexterity But since I am falne into the speech of a quicke charge and nimble discharge I will by the way declare the opinion of certaine nations therein Experience of late daies hath taught vs that those Nations which follow the warres inuent euery way how they may endomage the enemie in all their enterprises but especially in skirmish which for the most part consists in shot and by such as can with the eye of his minde make an assured leuell and with a nimble discharge both choose out and kill his enemie And therefore those souldiers which in our time haue beene for the most part leuied in the Low-countries especially those of Artoyes and Henault called by the generall name of Wallownes haue vsed to hang about their neckes vpon a baudricke or border or at their girdles certaine pipes which they call charges of copper and tin made with couers which they thinke in skirmish to bee the most readie way But the Spaniard dispising that order doth altogether vse his flaske The French-man both charge and flaske But some of our English-nation their pocket which in respect of the danger of the sparkes of their match the vncertaine charge the expence and spoile of pouder the discommoditie of wet I account more apt for the show of a triumph and wanton skirmish before Ladies and Gentlewomen then fit for the field in a day of seruice in the face of the enemy and in like sort the charge which either doth shed and loose his pouder whilst a Souldier doth trauerse his ground or else is so cloddered and rammed together that he shall be forced sometimes to faile of halfe his charge Therefore I conclude with
the Spaniard that a good flaske is that which is most warlike and ready in seruice without the curious helpe of any extraordinary inuention One of the greatest helpes consists in pouder and match for a Souldier must euer buy his pouder sharpe in taste well incorporate with salt-peter and not full of coole-dust Let him accustome to drie his pouder if hee can in the sunne first sprinkled ouer with Aqua-vitae or strong Claret-wine c. Let him make his tutch-pouder being finely sarsed and sifted with quick-pale which is to be bought at the Pouder-makers or Apothecaries and let his match be so boiled in ashes lye and pouder that it will both burne well carrie a long coale and that will not breake off with the touch of your finger The preparations will at the first touch giue fire and procure a violent speedy and thundering discharge Some vse brimstone finely poudered in their tutch-pouder but that furs and stops vp your breech and tutch-hole The bullet of a souldiers peece must be of a iust bignesse with the mouth of the same so that falling in smoothly it may driue downe and close vp the mouth of the pouder Some contrary to the lawes of the field vse chaine-shot and quarter-shot which is good in the defence of a breach to keepe a fortresse or vpon shipboard but being daily vsed it will gaule a peece within and put it in hazard to breake specially in a long skirmish when the barrell is hot Note that after his peece is very hoate let the Souldier if he can giue somewhat a lesse charge for feare of bursting his peece vnlesse he haue good triall thereof If the stocke of his peece be crooked he ought to place the end iust before aboue his left pappe if long and straight as the Spaniards vse them then vpon the point of his right shoulder vsing a stately vpright pace in discharge It is not in vaine to aduertise him that in skirmish hee must hold his peece betwixt his thombe and the ends of his fingers which I account a sure meane betwixt griping of the barrell and laying the same onely vpon his foremost finger and thombe for the one is ouer dangerous and the other altogether vnsteedy I iudge it likewise most conuenient for him to take hold of his peece with his left hand in that part of the wood wherein the barrell lies there as the peece is of most equall ballance Although some accustome themselues to hold it iust vnder the cocke by reason whereof he shall be enforced to change his hand if he charge out of a flaske into the midst of the peece to bring downe the mouth to his flaske which is great delay and hinderance in skirmish So to conclude he that meanes to be accompted a forward and perfect good shot by continuall exercise must be so ready that in all particular points touching his peece pouder match bullets and the vse of them that he neither be to seeke nor grow amazed in the furious rage of Bellonas fiery skirmishes her suddaine surprises and bloody slaughter of dangerous assaults of cruell battailes The Musket is to be vsed in all respects like vnto the Hargabuse saue that in respect he carries a double bullet and is much more weightie He vseth a staffe breast-high in the one end a pike to pitch in the ground and in the other an iron forke to rest his peece vpon and a hoale a little beneath the same in the staffe whereunto he doth adde a string which tied and wrapped about his wrest yeelds him commodity to traine his forke or staffe after him whilst he in skirmish doth charge his Musket afresh with pouder and bullet Now to speake somewhat of a Pike-mans charge a few words shall suffice because I will not be ouer-tedious Let him learne to tosse his pike couch and crosse the same to receiue the violent charge of Horse-men to front the furious shocke of foote-men and be able to furnish out his fight both a farre-off and neere hand Which Notes with the like will be sufficient by reason that he is for the most part put to stand in a maine and square-battaile Both the Hargabusier and Pike-man must weare a short rapier and a small poinado for if in the middest of Encounters and Skirmishes they be driuen to vse them their length is an occasion they cannot be drawne vnlesse he abandon his peece or pike whereby he shall either loose his pike or want his rapier which at the Sera and close is very necessarie both for defence and offence contrary to the carelesse custome of some whom I haue seene come into the field without rapier or dagger which was an assured argument that their heeles should be their target and their shamefull flight their safety when their pouder was spent Now as these carelesse persons farre misse the marke with ouer great securitie so some bring in a custome of too much curiositie in arming Hargabusiers for besides a peece flaske tutch-box rapier and dagger they loade them with a heauie shirt of male and a Burganet so that by that time they haue marched in the heat of the sommer or deepe of the winter ten or twelue English-miles they are more apt to rest then ready to fight whereby it comes to passe that either the enterprise they go about which requires celerity shall become frustrate by reason of the stay they make in refreshing themselues or else they are in danger to be repulsed for want of lustinesse breath and agilitie Wherefore in mine opinion it is not necessarie that this extraordinarie arming of shot should be vsed but in surprises of Townes Escalades and assaults of breaches to defend the Souldiers heads from stones and such stuffe as they besieged haue prepared to driue them from their enterprise Or else in some speciall set battaile against the cut and thrust of weapons which exploits for that they be not so ordinary as is the skirmish so are these armes nothing so necessarie but rather a burthen more beautifull then beneficiall and of greater charge then commoditie specially a shirt of male which is very dangerous for shot if a number of those small peeces should bee driuen into a mans body by a bullet The furniture due to a Pike-man besides his pike rapier and dagger consisting of a common corselet hauing a coller curiat tases back-part poldrowes wambrasses and burganets for the head for that they be sufficiently knowne because I will not be ouer prolixe vpon euery particular point I will onely say thus much more touching the Pike-man that he ought to haue his pike at the point and middest trimmed with handsome tassels and a handle not so much for ornament as to defend the Souldiers body from water which in raine doth runne downe alongst the wood Euery Souldier ought to carry his Hargabuse Pike or Halberd vpon that shoulder and side which is outward in ranke for that side which is discouered inward is more defended by the generall
but we shall be cited and called without appeale CHAP. VI. Briefe Notes of other meane offices as Drummes Fifes Surgeons and the Clarke of the Band. DRummes and Fifes must be chosen of able qualities and personage secret and ingenious skilfull in the sound and vsing of their instruments which must warne as the mouth of a man to all intents of seruice diligent in times conuenient to instruct Souldiers in the same that none by ignorance neglect their duties These be oftentimes sent on messages importing charge which of necessitie require languages somtimes to summon or command the enemies to render sometimes carie ransomes or redeeme or conduct Prisoners Many other things to them doe appertaine as before is rehearsed c. A Chyrurgion is necessarie to be had in euery band who ought to be an honest man sober and of good counsell skill in his science able to heale and cure all kind of sores wounds and griefes to take a bullet out of the flesh and bone and to slake the fire of the same and that he haue all his tooles and instruments with other necessary stuffe as oyles balmes salues stepres roulers bolsters splenters and all other things to the science belonging which also ought to haue courage for his patient and allowed stuffe he shall readily imploy his industrie vpon the sore and wounded and not intermedling with others to his owne charge noisome Such be placed with the Ensigne and lodged neere to the Captaine and neere their baldrickes in time of fight which by law of the field is their charter The Clarke of a band would be a man chosen of a discreete behauiour such a one as hath the vse of his penne and skilfull in Arithmetike who must haue a booke in the which he must write all the names of the Souldiers appertaining to the band diuiding euery weapon by themselues that they may be the readier to be mustred and otherwise to be placed in order of march at watch and ward the clarke must be attentiue with his booke to call uery mans name to see who is absent and that certificate thereof be made vnto the Captaine who must as before is rehearsed without sicknesse or some licence of the head Officers see him or them punished to the example of all others He must sometimes in the watch and ward read vnto the souldiers the Military lawes and directions causing first a solemne silence to be made and then proceed in reading examining and conferring with euery particular and common souldier touching his memorie of these things for his full instruction Also the Clarke is to take charge of the Captaines munition who seeing it deliuered vnto the souldiers must take note how much is deliuered vnto whom and what day of the moneth it is deliuered with the prise Likewise he must repaire to the Clarke of the victuals and by the Captaines warrant receiue such bread beere and other victuals as is to be had and to deliuer it to those that shall be thought by the Captaine to be of credit to victuall the band by the Princes price and to take tickets of them as well for that it is deliuered vnto them as what they doe deliuer vnto souldiers Also he must in the Captaines name and by his warrant repaire vnto the Merchants and other Artificers and take such wares as the Officers and souldiers haue need of who must at the pay day by the Captaine be answered Also prouided that the Victualler alloweth but the Souldier six-pence a day the ouerplus goeth to their paiment of furniture and apparell The Clarke must oft peruse the tickets to see that no more be deliuered then their wages come to that the Captaines thereby receiue no losse The Clarke ought to inquire when any be departed this world also when any be slaine and discharged the band and to make a iust note thereof whereby certificate may be made to the Muster-master that the Prince in no waies may be hindered neither the Captaines by the Victuallers receiue any detriment or losse Finally he must vpon the report of the Corporals or other Officers finde and procure of the Captaines reliefe for the sicke and wounded Souldiers and Prisoners which ought to be redeemed out of the enemies hand CHAP. VII The Prelates charge that takes care of SOVLDIERS of the BAND TO knit vp this first discourse of Militarie Directions and Martiall lawes speciall care must be had to prouide one man amongst the many scores of Souldiers that may gouerne and direct in spirituall causes who ought to be wise learned honest sober patient and of exemplar life who must offer vp daily praiers for his whole companie must instruct them to be penitent and to restore to euery man his right to communicate in Catholike and Christian manner so often as they can chiefly at speciall times appointed by the Church and before any dangerous attempt to feede them with holesome foode of learned instructions wherein they may learne how to liue and so consequently to teach their companies their duties towards God and their Prince and to giue ghostly counsell and spirituall reliefe vnto the sicke wounded weake in body or in conscience and that such be well armed with spirituall armour that is with good knowledge and good liuing ready to perswade them manfully to withstand their enemies the flesh the deuill the world and desperation putting them in sure hope through the equitie of their cause their conformitie to the Church and their firme faith in our Sauiour Iesus Christ to enter into the campe of euerlasting life where they shall ride amongst the Souldiers on white Horses clothed in white and pure silke crowned with bright triumphant garlands as the Scriptures doe witnes This and such like belongs vnto such personages as take care of the souldiers in a warlike band Now then to conclude and to make an end of my first discourse I would wish all valiant minded souldiers carefully to carrie in minde those precepts which are proper and due vnto a priuate Souldier which I partly haue collected and set downe in this short pamphlet that when he shall be called vnto an hier office he may deseruedly ascend the third step of Martiall office and so by degrees rise to the height of supreame gouernment CHAP. VIII How Pikes are to be carried in aray march or battaile THose that are appointed to carie Pikes in aray of rankes or battell must know that Pikes amongst all other weapons that belongs to Souldiers is of greatest honour and credite and truely whosoeuer doth carie and manage the same weapon well and with good grace doth make a very beautifull and pleasant shew to the Beholders and chiefly when it is caried vpon the shoulder sustained and supported with a good grace and the hand that doth sustaine it be on that side the shoulder where it is placed and with il Gombedo alto They must likewise be aduertised which march in the formost rankes if they be vpon the right side to
receiue punishment for so doing of his Captaine or the Master of the Campe. He must be diligent carefull and vigilant in all his affaires for in this office diligence and dexteritie is both to the purpose and most necessarie It is necessarie he be alwaies conformable vnto the Sargeant maior by imitation and obedience in action and like his shadow to second him in all his doings of whom he may alwaies receiue information and order of all such things as be necessarie for seruice of his band and of him he may learne to proceed by conformitie in that which is conuenient for his office For he that is in company with men of vertue and valour that be of more excellent qualitie than he himselfe shall euer reape some profit and the rather for that he is bound to be in the sight and neere about the Sargeant maior at all such times as any thing is to be done where he ought with a good eare and diligent eye giue ready attendance to execute such commission as shall be giuen him especially those which appertaines to the ordering of the rankes and euery thing else whatsoeuer without doing any thing vpon his owne iudgment but conferre with that great officer towards whom he must alwaies be courteous and conformable and with an obedient and beneuolent minde diligently imitate him I suppose it moreouer necessarie as I said before that he be able to write and read considering the infinite number of things which are to passe through his hands and which he ought to execute for the benefit of his company which cannot be alwaies ordered disposed and guided only by memory So consequently the Sargeant is to take diligent heed and care of all the foresaid things to execute the points of his office speedily and to rebuke and teach such as do amisse with lenitie and although he cannot violently strike and hurt any man yet neuerthelesse no man can resist his authoritie but obserue the same as to the Captaines owne person if he were present He is not to heare any mutinous or rebellious words amongst the company but immediatly to reueale the same that speedy reformation may be had and faults amended And thus must he be still occupied to reform mens manners mispence of munition broken araies and to be ready day and night to seruice by the Captaine or Lieutenants commandment and to instruct the Company to march traine and trauaile as well by signes from him framed as otherwise by words spoken and to haue speciall regard to the company to see that their armour and weapons be in a readinesse alwaies for seruice for the diligent and skilfull vsage of this office is of no small moment to any good order throughout the whole band no lesse than the Centurion amongst the Romanes who was Captaine ouer a hundreth and so likewise euery hundreth in each band ought to haue a seueral Sargeant to direct and gouerne CHAP. II. The Office of an Alfierus or Ensigne-bearer IF it be a thing most requisite that a priuate soldier should haue a speciall zeale ouer his proper honor and credit how much more is the same necessarie for a valiant Alfierus or Ensigne-bearer Therefore he must with all carefull diligence due discretion ascend the 4th degree of this honorable discipline being already trained vp in the three first degrees which is of a priuate soldier a Corporall and a Sargeant whereby to his great commendation he may sufficiently merit the sway of this office Hauing solemnly receiued the Ensigne of his Captaine like a noble and expert soldier he ought carefully to keepe the same and beare a certaine reuerent respect to it as to a holy thing yea to be iealous ouer the safetie thereof no lesse than an amorous person ouer his louing mistresse since that onely with the sacred shade of the Ensigne being well guided the generall reputation of all the band and company is conserued Therefore the Alfierus ought to be endowed with such custome and vse himselfe with such curtesie and ciuilitie that he may not only procure the loue of his confederates and friends but of all the entire company Besides it is necessarie to haue neere vnto him a couple of assistants at the least that be practised and good soldiers which may be of the number of the Halberdiers that go next his Ensigne to the end that when he is constrained to absent himselfe from the same through some vrgent and necessarie occasion for otherwise it is not to be permitted he may cause one of them take care and charge of his Ensigne in what accident soeuer might fall out during that time for that thing ought neuer to be left alone or abandoned to a slender and loose guard which is of such a great importance whereupon euery mans honor and estimation dependeth wherefore it ought of all to be carefully kept and well accompanied Note that the Alfierus to defend his Ensigne and himselfe at one instant must haue in his one hand his drawne sword and in the other the Ensigne which thing is conuenient of him particularly to be performed when it is time to assault the enemies vpon a wall Trench Scalade Bulwarke Breach or in any strait passage or enterprise since that with the point of yron of the Ensigne staffe small defence can be made as well for the weaknes of the staffe as through the trouble and continuall wauering of the silke which is about it so that in bearing the same displayed he ought rather to haue regard where he shall set his foote than to the top of the staffe or any other place lesse necessarie as well thereby to flie affectation which in carying thereof is made manifest as also to conduct the same with more assured courage Moreouer note that the most honorable place of the threde or ranke is the right hand and the second the left hand which degrees likewise be obserued in all the rankes of other soldiers aswell as when diuers Ensignes do march togither in one ranke for amongst the bands and squares of soldiers the flanks do alwaies resist the assaults and furie of the enemie as the sides which be neerest to them be alwaies guarded of those that be most practised and the middle part not only except the first and last ranke of the ordinance or battaile where the middest is the place of greatest estimation for the head or backe of the square being assaulted they then withstand the greatest furie And by good reason for this place of the midst is euer much more broken and endomaged of the enemies armes and force than any other part wherefore amongst expert and valiant soldiers this roome is of greatest honor and of most estimation as the place that hath greatest neede of defence which being subiect to more open and manifest perill than the rest be is of greatest dignitie For Captaines are accustomed to shew notable and singular fauor to that soldier which they prefer to an enterprise of perill and danger
that all Pikes of the same company ought to be of one length otherwise if they disagree they will be vncomely and seeme to the beholders like vnto Organ-pipes which be of different lengths Moreouer they are very vnprofitable for seruice for they will greatly trouble each other and especially the huge and long pikes and therefore are to be refused Likewise a short pike is not good in a maine square neither in campe or battell except it be in strait and narrow places Secondly for the ordering and arming of a Musketeere IT is conuenient that the barrell or canon of his peece be in length foure foote at the least cleane and sound with a straight and right bore hauing a close stocke and well ioyned thereunto of a right Spanish making Then that the cocke of his peece be swift and well oyled bearing a true deliuerance to the middest of the pan the touch-hole neither too great or too narrow the pan close the eye-sight true and then hauing a strong breech-peece looke that all these instruments be well scrued and especially the breech-peece A charging rod or sticke of a meete length to the barrell of the peece the same to haue a worme or a scowrer at the one end the other end thereof tipped with a horne Then fore-see that he haue a Bandeleere with 16 or 18 chargers or mates at the least hanged thereunto with strong laces with a priming charger or mate and also a bullet bag and priming wyre then a Rest of a fit size and length breast or chin high with a trayle lace fastned thereat togither with a head-peece or murren and sword in all points prouided as is aforesaid CHAP. II. The Office of the Muster-Master both necessarie and profitable when a Prince or his Generall haue diuers Regiments of seuerall Nations vnder pay THe Muster-Master also may be accounted an Officer as it were dependant on the Treasurer for that his dutie is nothing else but by often reviewing of the bands to see how euery Captaines band is furnished according to my former directions for the arming both pike and musket noting the defaults from time to time and the supplies and thereof to make a perfect booke exhibiting the same at the pay day to the Treasurer that allowance may be made to the Colonels and Captaines accordingly When he first takes the view and muster of any band he must not onely write downe the name of the soldier and his weapon but also of what Country he is the townes name where he was borne and his fathers name and what yeeres he is of and finally shall take speciall care to set downe some speciall marke or cicatrice vpon his face togither with the colour of his haire and beard to the intent his Prince be not charged with paying of dead payes to such as be hyred but for that day as many Captaines vse to fill their purses with vnlawfull gaines CHAP. III. A Rule to set Souldiers in aray THe Footmen being assembled at the place where they are to be set in aray First you must foresee that the ground be fit and capable for the purpose that the aray may commodiously turne to the right or left hand as much as may be neuerthelesse according to the number of soldiers you haue you are to proceed in this sort as followeth First to wit that all the soldiers of a band of footmen are bound by the law of Armes forthwith and as soone as they shall heare the Drum beat a Call to repaire to the Colours vnder paine c. except that sicknes be the cause thereof or that hauing a licence or forelofe they may thereby excuse themselues But to returne you are to begin in this order following First you are to draw the pikes by themselues on the one side togither with the Ensigne and vpon the other side all the musketiers somewhat aloofe distant from the pikes beginning to make the musketiers march so many in a ranke as you list parting them neuerthelesse according to their number you may put them from 3 to 12 in a ranke for it is not often seene that more than 11 is put in a ranke how great soeuer the number of the footmen be neither in troth ought they to be any more than 11 in a ranke for when they passe 11 or 12 they are not to be accounted an array but rather a battaile I haue omitted to write herein of the placing of my officers belonging to a company of footmen you shall finde it plainely set downe in the march and at the beginning of the exercise of training so to returne hauing then placed the number of musketiers you shall thinke good of to be in a ranke you shall cause them to march in good proportion sending forth one ranke after an other the Sargeant standing still on the one side causing them to passe before him iudging by the eye-sight from Ranke to Ranke of all the soldiers one by one whether they be right in line obseruing true distance and also that they carry their Armes in warlike order for this is the beauty of an aray Moreouer the Sargeant hauing speciall respect to accommodate and place at the head of the array the Gentlemen of the company and also the Corporals which carry muskets placing next vnto them the best men and the best furnished soldiers and placing also at the Reare of the battell your best men and the rest of your best armed to the intent the aray may shew the better forasmuch as when they are diuided into aray the musketiers from the pikemen and that they turne their faces then the backe part or Reare is made the front therefore the Reare ought to be as well furnished as the front as I haue said before in the dutie of a Sargeant the which if you desire to doe it is necessarie you put in the midst of the Rankes the weakest and worst furnished aduertising the Sargeant that the soldiers are best furnished when they haue all sorts of Armes and furniture that be necessarie for them and there appertaines to a musketier good match fire-cole powder and bullet and moreouer l'assine And this is to be obserued with all speed and diligence that the time or occasion doth carry and the suspition of the enemy doth import Here next is demonstrated the distance obserued betwixt Ranke and Ranke man and man both in marching and also in maine battaile FIrst both pikes and muskets are to be ordered into files of 10 deepe the musketiers in marching are sometimes placed in the front sometimes in the front and sometimes in the Reare of the pikes but most commonly being in single aray they are to march both in the Front and Reare In maine battell the soldiers are placed sometimes in the right flanke sometimes in both the flankes and sometimes it will be commanded that they be brought in the Front of the battaile and also in the Reare In exercising the motions there are two distances to be kept
rest with one consent I hold it therefore both conuenient and needfull for all men that follow the warres to learne all the warlike sounds that the Drummer beates as the call the march to draw vp maine-battell the charge the retire to troupe to wheele about which is also a charge then and lastly the diana And whereas euery nation doe differ the one from the other in the batterie of their drummes and chiefly in the sound of their march euery nation or Prouince doe also differ in the marke of their colours for that they beare in their colours the proper Armes or Scutchion of the Nation vnder which they doe serue But to returne let a souldier be diligent to learne as I said before the strokes of the drumme And chiefly to vnderstand the vsuall strokes of march which the drumme beat in the regiment wherein he beareth armes he must also take notice of the markes that are vpon the colours especially of the Ensigne which hee serueth vnder the knowledge whereof may serue his turne so well that it may saue his life for by night being in fight with the enemie and being also ignorant of the sound of drumme he may aswell fall into the hands of his enemies as otherwise which may cost him his life Then as touching his Ensigne the souldier being scattered from his company in marching or otherwise in fight and if it be by day-light he may perceiue his owne colours farre off To wit that both drummes and fifes were first inuented by the Switzers wherewith they will euen liue and die in all manner of fight The Almaines also inuented a pipe which is called by them Schalmeyen Some nations when they doe fight a pitched field by reason of the tumult and rumour that will grow amongst the souldiers they haue trumpets to giue the charge which yeeldeth great comfort to the souldiers in regard that they heare the eccho and sound of the trumpets so plaine that in all distresse they doe not onely keep together but also know their charge Therefore in forraine Countries the footmen are as well acquainted in all points of warre which the said trumpets doe vse to sound that they know their charge euen as well as horsemen doe But to returne to the matter aforesaid the Turke when he doth either expect the charge giuen him by his enemies or when he will giue a charge c. it will bee commanded that a Drummer shall ride from ranke to ranke to giue the souldiers notice by a soft sound And as touching marching it is to be vnderstood that some kinde of march is a right induction other some a deduction on the right or left hand and that in single double treble or quadruple sided battell in a single when one enemie is feared in a double when two in a treble when three and in a quadruble when the enemie purposeth to inuade on all sides Therefore the march is vndertaken sometimes in a single challenge and sometimes in a twofold challenge or else in a threefold challenge or in a fourefold challenge The souldiers both Pikemen and Musketeares are to be diuided into companies and euery company is to consist halfe of pikes and halfe of musketeares The companies happen and fall out sometimes to be more in number and sometimes lesse some extend to 100. men some 200. some 300. some 400. and so forth till 800 men or more Euery company ought to haue these Officers following a Captaine a Lieutenant an Ensigne two Sergeants three Corporalls two Drums but by the opinion of many worthy souldiers euery hundreth men ought to haue a Drumme the reason whereof I omit to speake thereof in this place and returne to the matter it will be needfull for a Captaine to haue in his company for necessarie vses a Clarke a Surgeon and a Prouost Companies are drawne into Regiments and the Regiments are euer to be commanded by Coronells Regiments doe sometimes likewise differ in the number of companies some consist of 6. some of 7. some of 8. or 10. some 15. c. In the ordering and managing of euery regiment is to be required a Coronell c. Certaine words to be vsed of the Officers that traine WHen any Officer determines to exercise his companie to traine or drill them hee must cast them into a ring the double or single bissa the Romane S or such like necessarie forme and vse these or the like words as heare followeth My louing friends fellowes and companions in armes we be gathered together for the seruice of God his holy Church our Prince and Countrey and for that none through ignorance shall perish or runne in danger of the Lawes of the Field you shall from time to time by me or other Officers of the Band be instructed by words or deedes in such sort and points as to your calling and the necessitie of seruice shall require the which you must diligently obserue and follow though the same shall seeme vnto you many times both dangerous and painefull also if any of you my fellowes shall finde an occasion conuenient to declare to me or any other Officer his minde and opinion in any thing beneficiall touching seruice wee shall diligently heare and gratifie the party the double value thereof and God willing Equitie and Iustice shall bee ministred also regard that all Souldiers know and obey their Officers in their place according to their calling The first thing of moment in the motion of a Company is how they should orderly march and how their Officers should be rightly placed the which I haue demonstrated in the figure on the other side according as it is practised in the Low-countries the schoole of warre First the Captaine marcheth in the Front and leades the company whose place is marked with C which is six foote distant before the first diuision of muketeares The Lieutenant is to march in the Reare of the second diuision of Musketeares marked with L six foot distant behind the same The Ensigne is to march with the colours six foot behind the first diuision of Musketeares and six foot before the first diuision of pikes marked with the letter E. The eldest Sergeant is to march six foot behind the first diuision of pikes and six foot before the second diuision of pikes marked with S. 1. The second Sergeant is to march six foote behind the second diuision of pikes and six foot before the second diuision of musketeares marked with S. 2. the drummes beate betweene the third and fourth rankes marked with D The chiefest beates in the first diuision of pikes The second in the first diuision of musketeares And the third drumme beates in the second diuision of musketeares The pikes and muskets march six foot in file and three in ranke euery diuision consists of ten rankes and fiue files all which is made plaine in the next figure following The order how a Companie should march Leaders First diuision of Musketieres Bringers vp Leaders First diuision of
your right hand Put on your bandeleers Take vp your Musket Bring your Rest to your Musket Open your pann Prime your pann Shut your pann Cast off your loose powder Beare ouer your Musket into your left hand Traile your Rest Charge your Musket Draw forth your skowring stick Short your scowring flick against your right side Ram downe your powder Draw forth your skowring stick Short your skowring sticke Returne your skowring sticke Bring forward your Musket into your right hand Recouer your Rest Poyse your Musket Bring your Rest to the right side of your Musket Beare your Rest and Musket in your left hand Draw your match Blow your match Cock your match Try your match Guard your pann Blow your match Present to the Front Giue fire Take downe your Musket Vncock your match Returne your match Blow your pann Prime your pann Shut your pann Shoulder your Musket carrying your Rest in your left hand Slope your Musket Vnshoulder your Musket Rest your Musket Stand to your saluting Posture Lay downe your Musket The first order of exercising Musketiers FIrst vnderstand that they are three foote in File and three foote in Rancke hauing a diuision in the middest of six foote then the Captaine bids the two first Ranckes Make ready and marcheth with them some fiue or six paces before the rest of the Company and bids the first Rancke Giue fire which it doth and then marcheth away turning to the right hand the one halfe marching by the right hand Flancke and the other halfe through the middest of the body and so fall euery one into his owne File in the Reare and then the Captaine commands the second Rancke to giue fire which performes all as aforesaid and then two Ranckes more aduance in the former order and so they may continue discharging with ten Ranckes a long time The Demonstration pag. 201. makes this very plaine to which I refer you for speculation This order is of great vse to winne ground vpon an enemie The second Order of Exercising Musketiers IN the former Demonstration was shewed an Order of winning ground vpon an enemy in this the contrary of loosing ground or retraiting is shewed and yet to offend the enemy The distances and diuision being obserued as in the former Figure the Captaine in the Reare commands To the right hand about and giue fire and then the Rancke in the Reare performes the same and presently after they march into the Front euery man into his owne File the one halfe march on the left hand File and the other halfe through the middest of the body Then the Captaine commands againe To the right hand about and giue fire which the Rancke then in the Reare performes as aforesaid and so forth infinitely all which in the Demonstration pag. 203. is made plaine and easie The thrid Order of exercising Musketiers THe whole Company being three foote distant in Files and Ranckes without any diuision as aforesaid the Captaine marching in the Front commands Right Flanck to the right hand giue fire then the right hand File turneth towards the right hand and performes the same and the rest of the body continues marching till they be cleare of that File which gaue fire and then the Captaine commands againe as before which the then right File performes the rest of the body marching and so in like manner till all the Files haue discharged The order hereof is demonstrated pag. 205. If there be occasion to discharge on the left hand Flancke the same order is to be obserued as on the right hand Flancke Note that when the second File hath discharged that then the first File marcheth vp to Front with it and both those with the third File when it hath discharged and so forth till all front with the last File and then they are ready to discharge againe if occasion require The fourth Order of Exercising Muskettieres THis fourth way in vse is all one with the third order the difference is onely in the manner of performing the same for according to this order the depth of the Company is diuided by making the fift and sixt Ranckes sixe foote distance each from other The Captaine marching in the Front commands Right Flancke to the right hand and giue fire which the right File doth and then halfe thereof march through the Diuision and the other halfe in the Reare and so march on the left hand of the left hand Flancke euery man into his owne Rancke the order whereof is plainly demonstrated in the Figure marked pag. 207. The fift Order of Exercising Muskettieres THis Order is another kinde of loosing ground the Captaine in the Front commands Make ready altogether and then saith to the first Rancke giue fire which done the one halfe of that Rancke marcheth downe into the Reare on the right hand of the right hand Flancke and the other halfe through the midst of the body which for that end is diuided euery man falling into his owne File Then the Captaine saith likewise to the second Rancke Giue fire which it doth and fals into the Reare as the first did and so the third fourth fift c. The manner whereof is demonstrated in the Figure marked with 209. Note that here the whole body stands still and are onely in motion by particular Ranckes when they haue discharged till they come againe into their proper Files in the Reare and then stand still againe till they haue redischarged Close your Files both waies at a foote and halfe IF a charge of Horse be expected then the foote are to be in the closest order which is one foote and a halfe in Rancke and three foote in File The words of command for closing Files are diuers as Close your Files to the right hand or Close your Files to the left hand or Close your Files both waies the last whereof is most commonly vsed and therefore I haue demonstrated that order as you may perceiue in the Figure marked pag. 211. Note also that because I desired to obserue the distances precisely in all the Figures that therefore the Printer was forced to change the Letters in this and some other Figures and in steed of M. for Muskettiere hath placed S. for Shot which I thought good to giue notice of for thy better vnderstanding Close your Ranckes at three foote THe Files being closed at a foote and halfe demonstrated in the Figure marked in pag. 211 the Captaine then commands Close your Ranckes at three foote or at Swords point which is the closest order for Ranckes the which is plainly demonstrated in the Figure marked in pag. 213. To the right hand wheele VPon occasion of the Enemies charge on the right hand Flancke to receiue him with the most able men which are vsually in the Front it may be performed by commanding them To the right hand wheele and then the Leader of the right hand File standeth fixed onely turning his body and all the rest moue vpon him as the centre according to the Demonstration pag. 215. Note that the Officers must be very carefull to command and see them to keepe their distances in Rancke and File without which this Motion will not bee gracefully acted To the left hand wheele THis Motion differeth from the former pag. 215 only in this that here the Leader of the left hand File standeth fixed as there the Leader of the right hand File did which by the forme of the Demonstration marked with A. you may easily vnderstand THere is another way which I haue seene Graue Maurice his guard to wheele viz. to moue vpon the middle of the Front and then if they wheele to the right hand All to the right hand of the middle of the Front go backwards and the rest forward and if they wheele to the left hand then all to the left hand of the middle of the Front goe backwards and the rest forwards All which is most plainely vnderstood by obseruing the Demonstration marked with B. In which and the two former Figures is a Starre placed neere the centre on which the Company moues A B Open your Ranckes backwards TO open the Ranckes vnderstand that the Front or first Rancke standeth still and the other nine Rancks fall backwards altogither till the second Rancke be six foote distant from the Front and then it stands still and the rest of the body moues till the third Rancke be six foote distant from the second Rancke and so till the fourth Rancke be distant six foote from the third and all the rest of the Ranckes in order The manner whereof I haue demonstrated in the Figure marked M. and the thing done in the Figure marked N. M N Open your Files both wayes IN opening the Files halfe the body moues towards the right hand and the other halfe towards the left hand in grosse and then the two middle-most Files when they are 6 foote distant stand still the rest of the body continues mouing both wayes till the next two Files are distant six foote from the former which stood still and so the Motion continues in this order till all the Files haue taken their distance of six foote each from other The manner whereof is demonstrated in the Figure marked with E. and the thing done in the Figure marked with F. Thus much for the manner of exercising footemen fully performed after the right order and moderne vse of Theoricke Rules accustomed in these dayes Now lastly you are to lead forth your souldiers by fiue and fiue in Rancke in like order as is set downe in the Figure of the order how a Company should march Note that the Captaine marching out of the field most commonly doth march in the Reare of his Company and his Lieutenant in the Front the rest of the Officers are to march in like order as is demonstrated in the order of march except you do troope out of the Field for then you are to alter c. howsoeuer you are to conduct the Colours to the place where they are to be laid vp where hauing made a guard the Captaine and his Officers repairing to the Colours being within the said guard and towards the Front he saith to the Drum or Drums Beat vp a discharge which being done with sometimes a volley of shot giuen and the Colours wrapped and folded vp euery man departs to his home c. E F FINIS