Lord of Rhees Regiment is made up againe Where we see that as vicissitude maintaines the world even so concord is a great meanes of continuance as discord is too often of discontinuance and ruine Likewise we see that no estate is free from mutability and change which is the great Lord of the World who will be adored and followed as soone as order doth faile but where order is kept and concord as in this Regiment change hath no place to ruine though well to alter for order was so kept by this Regiment like to brave Souldiers who in a running skirmish come up discharge fall off flie and yet reinforce themselves againe having kept order in their proceedings which though now she admits of some change being reinforced againe and joyned together with the chaine of love and respect she admits of no confusion or ruine but is ready againe with her brave Souldiers being reinforced in a strong body to make head unto their enemies one day to be revenged of their former losses as God willing shall be cleered in the sequell of my discharge of dueties and observations of this new reformed body of the old Regiment My cozen Lievetenant Andrew Monro being killed in combat I have more then reason to condemne and disallow of that miserable sort of fight where oftimes the victorious puts himselfe in a worse case both of soule and body than he that is killed Yet this kinde of fighting hand to hand called Monomachia hath bin much practised both amongst Pagans and Christians even amongst all Nations as it is yet Of old it did serve for proofe of things hidden being in one rancke with the burning iron and scalding water to the end men might discerne the innocent from the guilty this kinde of violence of proofe was so common that Fronton King of Denmark made a law as reports the Saxon history that all differences whatsoever should be decided by the combat and Leoden reports that yet to this day they observe the same in Muscove But wise men finding this custome deceivable in deciding the truth and so uncertaine that many times the innocent doth succumbe and therefore it was forbidden by the civill and canon law as is evident by severall ancient constitutions inserted in the Decretalls Notwithstanding whereof amongst the Romans it became so common as to be thought but a sport which made the name of fighters esteemed of amongst the Romans as we reade in the Cod. Titulo de gladiatortbus and therefore this custome being displeasing unto the Emperour Iustinian he commanded all should be subject unto the Iudge and said that valour without justice was not to be allowed of This combat betwixt those two was well fought of both in presence of many witnesses where it was thought that the Dutch-man was hard so that a sword could neither pierce him nor cut him This fashion of fighting is so common that we neede not illustrate it by examples of Histories either ancient or moderne but who so would satisfie their curiosity in this point let them but reade Preasack his Cleander a story well worth the reading And truely dayly experience teacheth us as in this accident that the end of combats doth shew often that he who appeales often times doth receive the reward of his temerite which might be cleered by many examples amongst the ancients We have one very notable written by Quintus Curtius where Dioxippus the Athenian that brave fighter being all naked and smered over with oyle as the fashion was then with a hat of flowers on his head carrying about his left Arme a red sleeve and in the right hand a great batton of hard greene timber durst enter in combat against Horrat Macedonian carrying on his left Arme a bucler of brasse and a short pike in the right hand a jacdart-staffe as we terme it or something like it and a sword by his side at their approaching Dioxippus with a nimble slight and a pretty cunning shift of his body eschewed the stabbe or thrust of the staffe and before the Macedonian could have wielded the Pike the other doth breake it in two with his cudgell and quickly closing with his adversary gives him such a knocke on the shinnes that he fell to the ground his heeles above his head tooke his sword from him and would have kill'd him with his batton had not the King saved him Thus much of combats which for my part though I cannot allow of neverthelesse I should be loath to refuse to fight in a just quarrell but would rather referre the successe to God to determine of then to let that be called in question which is dearest unto me The twenty-second Dutie discharged being the last under his Maiesties service of Denmarke of our expedition by water unto Holsten HIs Majesty being resolved in Aprill 1629 with his sword in his hand to conclude a settled and a sure peace with the Emperour or otherwise to free Holsten and Yewtland from the tyranny of the Emperiall Army and to that effect his Majesty did gather his forces together to a head in Denmark where they were to be shipp't for landing at Angle in Holsten so that orders were given to me his Majesty having provided shipping to transport our Regiment from all quarters and to meete at Angle Before our parting Captaine Forbesse of Tullough and Captaine Andrew Stewarts Companies were put on warre ships to lie before Wismar I having shipped with the rest of the Regiment we sailed unto Holsten and landed at Angle where the Regiment being come together we were one thousand foure hundred strong besides Officers and having lyen at Angle till the peace was concluded his Majesty did thanke off or dismisse his Army save a few number that was kept a moneth longer till the enemy had marched out of the country we being discharged of service and having gotten our honourable passes we were directed by his Majesty to the Rex-marshall toward Funeland with orders from his Majesty that he should reckon with us and give us contentment accordingly The reckoning made we were forced to accept of two parts and to discharge the whole having made no reckoning but for us who were present leaving our Colonell being absent to make his owne reckoning thereafter with his Majesty Likewise his Majesty did give orders to the Rex-marshall to provide shipping and victuall for our Officers and Souldiers to transport them for their country which accordingly was obeyed As also his Majesty did give orders to ordaine us both Officers and Souldiers free quarters in Alzenheur till the shipps were ready to saile So that we being free from our honourable Master his service we were ready to imbrace new conditions from a new Master The twenty-second and last Observation on our Danes service HEre concluding our Danes service we see that the end of warres is peace and that the end of this peace was the beginning of greater warre under a new Master Happy therefore is that man or that
all the Briggads to be in readinesse with their Armes against the next orders this command given some of the commanded men that were under Sinclaire suspecting a storme provided themselves of some ladders By five of the clocke in the afternoone his Majestie comming towards our Briggade called for a Dutch Captaine under Hepburnes Regiment named Guntter and desired him to put on a light corseles with his sword drawne in his hand and to take a Sergeant and twelve other good fellowes with him and to wade through the graffe and then to ascend to the top of the wall and to see if men could be commodiously lodged betwixt the mud-wall of the towne and the stone-wall and then to retire so suddenly as they might which being done his Majestie getting resolution that there was roome betwixt the two walles to lodge men the Briggads being alreadie in battaile they fall on at a call the Captaine being retired without hurt whervpon his Majestie directed Bannier and Hepburne with our Briggad to passe the graffe and to storme And if they repulsed the enemy from the outward wall to lodge under the stone wall betwixt both the walles and if the enemy fortuned to retire to presse in with him the like orders given to the rest of the Briggads all being in readinesse his Majestie having a number of Cannon great and small charged on the batteries caused to give notice at all postes that when the Cannon had discharged the first Salve in the midst of the smoake they should advance to the storme as they did where in passing the graffe we were over the middle in water and mud and ascending to storme the walles there were strong pallessades so well fastened and fixt in the wall that if the enemy had not retired from the walles in great feare we could not but with great hazard have entred The enemy feebely retiring our Commanders and Leaders following their orders received from his Majestie we presse to follow in after the enemy at a great sallying port that was betwixt both the walles that opened with two great leaves where they entred after their Retreate they planted a flake of small shot that shot a dozen of shot at once besides which there were set two peeces of small Ordinance that guarded also the entrie and musketiers besides which made cruell and pittifull execution on our musketiers and pikemen the valorous Hepburne leading on the battaile of pikes of his owne Briggad being advanced within halfe a pikes length to the doore at the entry he was shot above the knee that he was lame of before which dazling his senses with great paine forced him to retire who said to me bully Monro I am shot whereat I was wondrous sorry his Major then a resolute Cavalier advancing to enter was shot dead before the doore whereupon the Pikes falling backe and standing still Generall Banier being by and exhorting all Cavaliers to enter Colonell Lumsdell and I being both alike on the head of our owne Colours he having a Partizan in his hand and I a halfe Pike with a head-piece that covered my head commanding our Pikes to advance we lead on shoulder to shoulder Colonell Lumsdell and I fortunately without hurt enter the Port where at our entry some I know received their rest and the enemy forced to retire in confusion being astonished at our entry they had neither wit nor courage as to let downe the Portcullis of the great Port behinde them so that we entering the streets at their heeles we made a stand till the body of our Pikes were drawne up orderly and flancked with Musketiers and then wee advanced our Pikes charged and our Musketiers giving fire on the flancks till the enemy was put in disorder After us entred Generall Banier with a fresh body of Musketiers he following the enemy in one street and Lumsdell and I in another having rancountred the enemy againe they being well beaten our Officers tooke nine Colours of theirs which were to be presented to his Majestic and the most part of the Souldiers were cut off in revenge of their crueltie used at New Brandenburg but some of their Officers got quarters such as they had given to ours This Regiment defeated wee directed an Officer with a strong partie to possesse the bridge and that to hinder their escape their passage being cut off they were also cut downe themselves till the streets were full of dead bodies and that the most part of our Souldiers and Officers disbanded to make bootie leaving me and a few number of honest Souldiers to guard my Colours which disorder I confesse stood not in my power to remedie Thus farre for Lumsdells part and mine which I dare maintaine to be truth And as I have spoken truth of our owne Actions without ostentation which no man can controlle that is friend to vertue I will now relate other mens Actions so farre as I know to be truth by relation of my honest Camerades Lievetenant Colonell Musten being appointed to command the Musketiers of Lumsdells Regiment and of my Colonells then under my command he seeing us entred did follow after us and commanded those he led on execution apart giving no better Quarters than we did The Dutch also remembring the enemies crueltie used at Brandenburg they gave but slight Quarters Major Iohn Sinclaire as I was credibly informed being accompanied with Lievenant George Heatly being both resolute and stout were the first that came over the walles with ladders who at their first entry having but a few Musketiers with them they were charged on the streets by the enemies Curassiers or best horsemen where they were forced to stand close their backs to the wall where they entred and to give severall Salves of Muskets upon the enemy till they were made to retire Likewise after we were entred the yellow and the blew Briggads being esteemed of all the Army both resolute and couragious in all their exploits they were to enter on the Irish quarter where they were twice with great losse furiously beaten off and were cruelly spoyled with fire-workes throwne by the Irish amongst them But at last they having entred notwithstanding the inequality of their strength the Irish though weake stood to it and fought with sword and pikes within workes a long time till the most part of the Souldiers fell to ground where they stoode fighting so that in the end Lievetenant Colonell Walter Butler who commanded the Irish being shot in the arme and pierced with a pike through the thigh was taken prisoner so that the next day it was to be seene on the poast where the best service was done and truely had all the rest stood so well to it as the Irish did we had returned with great losse and without victory The fury past the whole streete being full of Coaches and rusty waggons richly furnished withall sorts of riches as Plate Iewells Gold Money Clothes Mulets and horses for saddle coach and waggons whereof all men that
before long advisement Here also I did observe that Generalls are forced to be ruled according to the occurrences in warre For the Feltmarshall thinking to get advantage of the enemies Armie he left the Garrison of Memming behinde him For he knew well if once he did beate or remove the enemies Armie he could deale the easier with the Garrison in subduing of it Moreover we see here how necessary Cannon are to a Generall to make a safe Retreate getting any advantage of ground Likewise we see here the goodnesse of Intelligence which is ever most necessary to an Armie without which no good can be done or effectuated Which made the Feltmarshall quit the gaining of Kempten to save the Country of Vertenberg by his diligence and celeritie in marching to gaine the passe before the Imperialists On the other part sloath and neglective watch is to be condemned while as through securitie Cavaliers suffer themselves to be surprised as became of the French Marquesse and Colonell Iohn Forbesse being both taken in their beds who ought rather through good Intelligence to have been on Horsebacke in the Fields before the Enemies comming Also the valour of those Cavaliers that made the Retreate good is worthy praise they having carried the tokens of their valour in their bodies for the safetie of their Camerades My Cosen Fowles being shot in the foot retired to Vlme to be cured who through the smart of his wound fell into a languishing Feaver and as the wound was painfull to the body so the sinfull body was painfull to the soule the body being endangered except the wound were cured and the soule was not sound till the bodies sinne were healed and both for six weekes did much smart the patient while as his wounds were dressed But though his bodily wound was incurable yet his soule was cured by the punishment of his body For all the time he like to a good Christian made himselfe night and day familiar by prayers unto God till he found reconciliation through Christ So that his end was glorious having long smarted under correction though his life was painfull O happie wounds that killed the body being they were the meanes to save the soule by bringing him to repentance Let no friend then bedew their eyes for him that lived honourable as a Souldier and dyed so happie as a good Christian My brother Colonell Monro of Obstell being untimely and innocently taken out of this life being a true Christian and a right Traveller His life was his walke Christ his way and Heaven his home And though during his life time his pilgrimage was painfull yet the world knowes his way did lead to perfection for he leaned still on Christ in whom he was made perfect And therefore let no man doubt that though his end was sudden but his home was pleasing being by his brethren after death made welcome to Heaven and though he travelled hard yet I perswade my selfe he walked right and therefore was rewarded and made welcome through Christ his Redeemer Shortly after him my deare Cosen and Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Sinclaire being killed at Newmark he did leave me and all his acquaintance sorrowfull especially those brave Heroicks Duke Bâ—rnard of Wymar and Feltmarshall Horne whom he truely followed and valourously obeyed till his last houre having much worth he was much lamented as being without gall or bitternesse Likewise at this time Lievetenant Hector Monro being also a stout and a valourous Gentleman died of a languishing Ague in Vertenberg being much lamented by his Camerades and friends We reade in the Roman Story That the memory of the dead was ever honourable and precious so that the Romans wore mourning for their dead friends above a yeare And the Athenians had an Order amongst them that all those who dyed bravely in warres their names should be inregistred and set in Chronicle as also frequent mention was ordained to be made of their names and of the exploits done by them in the publique meetings Moreover it was ordained by them to celebrate dayes in their remembrance wherein the youth should be exercised in divers exercises of body called Sepulchres whereby the people might be incouraged to follow Armes for to gaine honour to themselves to the end that disdaining death they might be encouraged to fight for the weale of the publique And Polemarche the Leader for those youths in time of their Exercise was wont to sing Verses and Songs made in praise of those that dyed valourously serving the publique and to incite others to the like magnanimitie The youths did sing them also before the people To conclude then this Observation since GOD hath made me poore by the want of my Friends I finde no other remedie but to inrich my selfe in being content with his will being perswaded as they have gone the way before me I must needs follow and then others by my example must learne to be contented to want me And though I leave them poore they can be rich in God being content For we are neither rich nor poore by what we possesse but by what we desire AN ABRIDGEMENT OF EXERCISE FOR THE Younger Souldier his better Instruction Wherein first we shew a complete Company and then we make twelve Companies to complete a Briggad TO make a complete Company of marching men under Armes there must be one hundred twentie six men in Armes being reckoned to twenty-one Rots each Rot being six men of which two are esteemed as Leaders being a Corporall a Rot-master or Leader and an under Rot-master being the last man of the six in field which also is sometimes a Leader when on occasion his Leader is made to be under Rot-master then in a Company you have twenty-one Leaders being six of them Corporalls and fifteene Rot-masters which to close the fields have allowed twenty-one men called under Rot-masters a Company thus consisting of twenty-one Rots is divided in six Corporall-ships whereof three being Pikemen and three Rot being eighteen men makes a Corporall-ship of Pikes Also there must be to complete this Company three Corporall-ships of Musketiers each Corporall-ship being counted twenty-foure men being foure Rots so that to make up the Company complete there must be nine Rots of Pikemen which have the Right hand and twelve Rots of Musketiers on the left hand being drawne in one Front they make a complete body of a Company without Officers This Company hath allowed them for Officers a Captaine a Lievetenant an Ensigne two Sergeants foure under-Beefeeles being a Captaine of Armes a furer of Colours a furrier and a Muster-schriver as also to serve the Company three Drummers are allowed and fourteen passe-volants with foure muster-youngs are allowed to the Captaine as free men unmustered to make up the complete number of one hundred and fiftie besides the Officers The Company being drawne up complete the Pikes on the Right hand and the Musketiers on the left hand then the Ensigne or his furer with a Drummer and three Rots
having cast off his loose powder then to cast about his Musket to his left side drawing backe with his Musket his left foote and hand till the mouth of the musket come right to his hand to charge againe in the same place standing firme till his follower marched by him on his right hand standing at the same distance before him that he stood behinde and then to give fire blowing his pan priming casting off and retiring his musket with his left hand and foote and to charge againe as is said and so forth one after another discharging at a like distance till at last the Rot-master should be under-rot and the under-rot Leader and then his follower marching up by him while as he is charging giving fire on the enemy and having discharged standing still also charging till in th' end the Rot-master come to be Leader againe and so forth still advancing per vices till the enemy turne backe or that they come to push of Pike and Buts of Muskets Thus having exercised the Rots apart for a weeke or two doubtlesse they will become expert Souldiers in using their Armes when they are joyned in a strong body lesse or more The Pike-men would be exercised also by Rots apart in the severall Postures thereof till they were acquainted also with their Leaders and were made expert in using their Pikes aright till thereafter the whole body of Pikes might be exercised apart with great ease to their Officers The Musketiers being drawne in a body being sixteene or thirty-two men in Front being but six Rancks deepe the first Rancke discharging at once casting about their muskets and charging all alike the second Rancke marches through every follower going by on the right hand of his Leader standing before him at the distance they were behinde and then being firme they give fire all alike on their enemies blowing priming casting about and charging all alike where they stand till per vices the whole Ranckes have discharged and so forth ut antea successively advancing and giving fire till the enemy turne backe or that they come to push of Pike and being thus well exercised in advancing to the enemy and winning ground if through necessity they be forced to retire from an enemy losing ground they must also keepe their faces to their enemies the Reare being still in fire and the last Rancke having given fire they march through the Rancks till they that were last are first comming off and so per vices till they have made a safe retreate the Reare which is ever the Front coming from an enemy is in fire The manner to exercise a body of Musketiers TO exercise a Squadron of Musketiers how strong soever they be the number of Rancks being no deeper than six the files being even may be so many as your voice can extend to ever observing that your Command be given in the Front otherwise may breede disorder and before you begin to command you would enter first with a Prologue as good Orators commonly doe to reconciliat their hearers attendance even so you ought with an exhortation of attendance entreate but by way of command your Souldiers not to be gazing in time of their exercise but with stedfastnesse to settle their mindes on their exercise that they may the better observe and obey the words of command and above all things you are to command them to keepe silence not babling one to another neither in their motions to suffer their Armes to rattle one against another alwayes to take heede to their Leaders that goe before them and to follow them orderly without disturbance keeping and observing their due distance either of Ranckes or Files which may be easily done if they but duely follow their Leaders and have an eye on their right and left fellow Camerades for keeping their Ranckes even in a like Front Likewise they are to observe when they are commanded to turne any where whether it be by Rancks or Files that their faces may by turned to the hand they are commanded to before they sturre to march and then to march alike and when ever they double Rancks or Files or counter-march they must ever observe to retire to the contrary hand they were commanded to double on if they doubled to the right when they fall off they retire turning to the left hand et contra for avoiding of disorder or hinderance that their Armes would make if they retired to the same hand they were commanded to double or march to In their counter-marches it is also requisit in time of exercise that neither Officer nor Souldier doe presume to command direct or finde fault with the errour but he that commands in chiefe whether he be superiour or inferiour Officer for the time since it is said when many speake few heare Therefore he must command alone suffering no rivall for avoiding of disorder Order therefore of distance being a chiefe point observed in exercising is three fold to wit Open order of Rancks or Files is six foote of distance being betwixt Rancks and Files both alike only requisit to be observed in mustering or while as they stand in danger of Cannon not being in battaile where in battaile order the distance to be observed betwixt Rancks or Files should be three foote where Elbow to Elbow of the side Camerades may joyne where in the open order aforesaid hand to hand can but joyne But in close order used most in conversion or wheeling is shoulder to shoulder and foote to foote firme keeping themselves together for feare to be put asunder by the force of their enemies and then to disorder which is ever to be looked unto chiefely before an enemy Your speech thus ended for your generall directions you begin againe to command silence and to take heed what is commanded to be done saying Height your Musketiers dresse your Rancks and Files to your open order of six foote and take heede To the rìght hand turne as you were To the left hand turne as you were To the right hand about turne as you were To the left hand about turne as you were To the right hand double your Rancks as you were To the left hand double your Rancks as you were The even Rancks or Files double ever unto the odde and the fourth Rancke is the middle Rancke of six To the right hand double your Files as you were To the left han◠double your Files as you were Middle-men or fourth Rancke to the right hand double your Front To the left hand retire as you were Middle-men to the left hand double your Front To the right hand as you were Nota. The sixth Rancke is called bringers up or reare or under Rot-masters Bringers up to the right hand double your Front To the left hand as you were Bringers up to the left hand double your Front To the right hand as you were All that doubled turne first about and then they retire falling behinde those were their Leaders before in the same place
the left hand againe every man falling behinde his owne Leader Being on retiring from the enemie the whole bodie having made readie as they march off in order a qualified Officer being in the Reare and qualified Officers in the Van to order them that fall up the last two Rancks in the Reare turne faces about and the whole body with them and the two Rancks having given fire they march through the body to the Van and order themselves as they were before and so successively the whole bodie gives fire ever by two Rancks and falls off till such time as they have made their Retreate sure Thus much of fire-giving by Rancks on two or three as you please at once and no more Now a little for the exercising of the Squadron of Pikes in generall for the generall motion certaine directions are to be observed concerning Pikes that the Souldiers keepe their Pikes cleane and cleere and never to be suffered to cut off the lengths of their Pikes as often is seene upon marches being very uncomely to see a Squadron of Pikes not of one length likewise in all motions with the Pike the hand and foote ought to goe alike and the Souldier would be expert in giving the right pousse with the Pike backwards and forwards Your Squadron of Pikes as they ought to march with the Drumme so they ought to obey the Drumme beating a Troope a Charge a Call a Retreate As also to traile their Pikes to make reverence with the Pike being shouldred and your Squadron of Pikes being but six deepe in Rancke your Files may be so many as can well heare your voyce in Command providing there be no odde File and thus well ordered at their open order of six foote distance command to mount their Pikes then calling for a Drumme beside you let him beate a march then they are to shoulder their Pikes flat or slaunt carried and then to march a little let your Drumme againe beate a Troope then they mount their Pikes and troope away fast or slow as your passe leades them stopping or advancing as you doe then let your Drumme beate a Charge then they charge their Pikes and advance fast or slow as you lead them and retire also backwards their Pikes charged as you will have them then troope againe and they mount their Pikes march and shoulder and haulting let the Drumme beate againe and they order their Pikes on the ground as first being at their distance and trooping againe they mount their Pikes so that you can command them to Battell order or closse order for Wheeling or Counter-marching at your owne pleasure In repayring to their Colours or comming from watch they should ever walke with their Pikes mounted as also they may use this posture on Contrie and your Pikes mounted and at your open order you can use all doublings that your Musketiers used as also to present to Front Reare right or left hand the curiositie of the turnes to the right or left hand in Van or Reare the Pike being shouldred you can also teach them as you will though not much to be used in exercise and the Pikes thus well exercised having seene frequent danger can doe good service against Horsemen and against foote to foote either in battell entering a Towne or breach or retiring or advancing to choake an enemie on walls within Townes or Forts they are very commodious for service providing they resolve to fight well and to abide by their Officers and in my opinion being well led they may beate Musketiers accidently off the Feild and being well lined with shot they are a safeguard against Horsemen having the least advantage of ground Thus much in briefe for the use of the Pike the most honourable of all weapons and my choice in day of battell and leaping a storme or entering a breach with a light brest-plate and a good head-piece being seconded with good fellowes I would choose a good halfe-Pike to enter with CERTAINE OBSERVATIONS VVORTHY THE YOVNGER Officer his consideration being short and practicall for his Highnesse speciall use I. THIS life is a Comedy or a Play wherein every one doth his part we should presse to passe it over with moderate affections that the end be not cruell or dolefull as in Tragedies but full of mirth like a Comedy II. Vnto the Victor the life is sweete and happy but to those that are overcome nothing is more bitter then to put their hopes in their Enemies mercy III. As unto Champions of old lots gave fellowes and not election with whom they should fight so every one of us hath destines in our times where with to strive IIII. As he who goeth a journy doth reckon the miles so he that hath entred the way of this life shall not determine of his yeares For as from the spring flow the Rivers from the roote the branch so from the first education cometh the rest of mans life And if thou wouldst live truely thou must presse to profit thy country to defend the Common-wealth and to live well without liberty thou must preferre death before ignominious shame or slavery For as this life is Rosie so it hath flowers mixed with thornes the one to be plucked up the other to be eschewed so farre as we may V. It is a part of victory to trouble the enemy before we fight and as it is laudable to overcome an enemy it is no lesse praise worthy to have pitty on the miserable For as courage doth merit infinite glory so the love of all and the good will of all merits mercy and meekenesse VI. The feeble and weake minded man is ever pridfull in prosperity for he thinkes his vertues are such as can maintaine the Fortunes which he hath gotten and thinks still he is able to attaine and acquire more and more but when the tempest of adversity doth arise then is he so farre afraid that he becomes voide of all hopes and this oftentimes is the cause of the suddaine change of his fortunes VII Nothing doth diminish more the publishing of praise then when one continually casteth up his owne successe in actions of warre and oftimes striving to get abundance of honour men show their riches of swelling pride for disdaining his former friends he misk nowes his acquaintance pressing to goe before he is greevous or displeasing to all his familiars Our care then should be to want this arrogancy ostentation or pride and pray for humility being more acceptable unto God then detestable pride which is an unprofitable evill a secret poyson a hidden pest the ingenier of deceipt the mother of hypocrisie the parent of envy the beginner of vice the moth of holinesse the blinder of hearts breeding sicknesse out of remedies and begetting langour out of medicine VIII There is ever some fatality incident unto those that desire vaine-glory or ostentation and those that are proud rejecting the prayers of the humble with disdaine they often incurre the indignation of God and fall
bullet would not at my desire retire but slighting his wound stayed on service till he was shot dead in the head David Monro Ensigne being shot through the body above the left pappe went a little aside till he was drest and returned againe to his Station keeping his Colours in his hand till night before the enemy never fainting with his wound an example of rare courage and of great strength of bodie neither did he ever thereafter keepe bed or lodging one houre more than ordinary for all this hurt Here also I did observe that the former distractions amongst the Officers of the Regiment were taken away having been companions of equall danger against their enemies made them love one another the better ever after for Captaine Iohn Monro helped Lievetenant colonell Seaton being shot to his horse having on the march two dayes before fallen horribly out which verifies the Scots Proverbe Dogges will part Swine and make them agree amongst themselves We see oft-times that those that are feeblest themselves are most ready to speake Derogatively of others Here I might inferre divers instances yet I will inferre and onely point for the present a little at those unluckie dispositions that cannot endure any but themselves to be well thought of for if one be justly praised or advanced in recompence of his vertue they will presently dismount his vertues and stabbe him to the heart obnubilating his brightest glory with a Butt of Detraction bred of envie nastie indeficient minds devising spots where they find them not a base office to make his tongue whip a worthy man If I knew vice in another I would nobly shew my charitie in concealing it if he be absent if present I would not flatter for the valiant man his tongue is ever the greatest coward in absence for it is not good to deprave the fame of the absent with a viperous Tongue Therefore my advice were to thee in such a case to doe like the wise man to learne somewhat by thine enemies outrage as King Philip of Macedon learned well the lesson who many times thanked his enemies for their outrage which made him afterwards the more wise more circumspect and more setled for nothing gives a man more good experience than warres lawes love and detraction And for Detraction thou oughtest to be so wise if thou be made the marke for Calumniators to shoot at let them shoot as they please I would be hard they should not pierce me Being armed with a good Conscience we should not care for their shooting for though it sometime take root in the eares of some hearers yet thy comfort should be that one day he shall kill himselfe soone or late as the poysonable birth kils the mother and such fellows should be punished as theeves seeing the one bereaves men but of their substance but the other bereaves them of life and death and of their dearest friends also And he should be holden as such a one himselfe till he brought his evidence as the custome was of old and for my selfe I never found better remedie against them than to disdaine them as coming about the eares of a deafe man that did not heare them and this I found to be the best bridle to curbe their tongues for in the end he would hold his peace and turne his tongue another way but I must confesse the tongue of a Calumniatour hath sometimes offended me and grieved me much but they profited me in making me the more circumspect and diligent in thinking on all circumstances that might conserve my credit and reputation to be avenged on them And with the Proverbe which I know to be true I will conclude this point things that grieve us should lead us to repentance seeing that which destroyes instructs and God oft-times cleanses the inward man by the outward by the contrary course leading us to our wished for Harbour for there is no such great discommoditie but brings commoditie with it for those that are stinged by Scorpions though at first it be very dangerous yet at last the hurt being cured by convenient remedies it brings fruit with advantage as experience hath taught neither Flie Bee nor Wasp can harme those thus cured To conclude then this point of Detraction men should be circumspect what to determine of other mens actions being on service for I am of the opinion that in time of hot service no man doth remember the halfe of his other actions much lesse to remarke the actions of others except some circumstances which he may remember Therefore we should be loath unnecessarily to bring our selves in question in speaking evill of others for commonly at such times cowards or feeble men that are not in action themselves see more than others that are better employed yet the feeble man is ever readiest to detract for to prevent his owne insufficiency too well knowne to others But after this dayes service our detractions and distractions also were almost taken away being companions of the like danger against our enemies And I inferred this discourse of detraction by reason that at such service commonly men doe speake as they doe favour or rather as their envie carries them which fault as being too much in use in all estates especially amongst Souldiers I would wish from my heart that it might be eschewed Here also I observed that want of circumspection in command especially over young Souldiers as we had to command doe many times cause great inconveniences to follow as was seen in the blowing up of our powder whereby our Colonell was burnt in the face and many more Here I might speake somewhat of the hurt and inconveniency that doth happen many times by Cannon and powder but I will referre it to a fitter place to be spoken of Likewise I cannot here omit to speake somewhat of the resolution of some particular Souldiers that were hurt on this service Hector Monro of Cool being shot through one of his feet was desired to goe off who answered it was not time till first he had emptied his Bandeliers against his enemies before which time he was shot through the other foot also and then was not able to come off alone without helpe of others and some of his Camerades which helpt him off going farther with him than he thought needfull for his safetie or their credit he wished them to retire and discharge their duties against the enemy as they had sufficiently done towards him Hugh Murrey being desired in time of hot service to goe and take off his brother being killed he lacking powder said going towards his dead brother I will first emptie my brothers Bandeliers as I have done mine owne to be revenged on his enemies before I take him off in the meane time he was shot in the eye himselfe and that wondrous favourably the Bullet some few dayes after having come forth at his nose which is most true though seeming incredible This day also I observed an ill custome too common to
and the word was given God with us a little short speech made by His Majestie being in order of Battaile we marched towards the enemie who had taken the advantage of the ground having placed his Armie on a place called Gods Acre where their Generall did make choice of the ground most advantagious for his foote Artillerie and horses he also did beset the Dorpes that invironed the ground which was left for us with Dragoniers and Crabbats to incomber our wings by their evill Neighbourhood yet notwithstanding of all the advantages hee had of Ground Wind and Sunne our magnanimous King and Leader under God inferiour to no Generall we ever reade of for wisedome courage dexteritie and good Conduct he was not dejected but with magnanimitie and Christian resolution having recommended himselfe his Armie and successe to God the Director of men and Angells able to give victory with few against many He ordered his Armie and directed every supreame Officer of the Field on their particular charge and stations committed unto them for that day As also he acquainted them severally of the forme he was to fight unto and he appointed Plottons of Musketiers by fifties which were commanded by sufficient Officers to attend on severall Regiments of horse and he instructed the Officers how to behave themselves in discharging their duties on service Likewise he directed the Officers belonging to the Artillery how to carry themselves which orderly done the commanded Musketiers were directed to their stand where to fight his Majestie then led up the foure Briggads of foote which were appointed to be the Battaile of the Armie with a distance betwixt every Briggad that a Regiment of horse might march out in grosse betwixt the Briggads all foure being in one front having their Ordnance planted before every Briggad being foure pieces of great Cannon and eight small whereof foure stood before the Colours that were the Battaile of the Briggad with Amunition and Constables to attend them on the right hand Pikes before the Colours were the other foure pieces of Cannon with Amunition and Constables conforme and on the left wing of Pikes and Colours were placed the other foure pieces of Cannon as we said before Behinde these foure Briggads were drawne up the three Briggads of Reserve with their Artillery before them standing at a proportionable distance behinde the other foure Briggads with the like distance betwixt them as was betwixt the Briggads of the Battaile The Briggads of horse which had Plottons of Musketiers to attend them were placed on the right and left wings of the foote and some were placed betwixt the Battaile of foote and the Reserve to second the foote as neede were other Briggads of horse were drawne up behinde the Reserve of the foote Briggads The Felt-marshall Horne Generall Banier and Lievetenant Generall Bawtish were commanded to over-see the Horsemen his Majestie the Baron Tyvell and Grave Neles were to command the Battaile of foote Sir Iames Ramsey as eldest Colonell had the command of the fore-Troopes or commanded Musketiers and Sir Iohn Hepburne as eldest Colonell commanded the three Briggads of Reserve Our Armie thus ordered the Duke of Saxon and his Feltmarshall Arnhem having ordered their Armie whereof I was not particularly inquisitive of the manner they were ordained to draw up on our left hand and being both in one front thus ordered we marched in Battaile a little and then halted againe till his Majestie had commanded out some commanded Horsemen on the wings of the Armie a large distance from the body to scoure the fields of the Crabbats we marched againe in order of Battaile with Trumpets sounding Drummes beating and Colours advanced and flying till we came within reach of Cannon to our enemies Armie then the magnifick and magnanimous Gustavus the Invincible leads up the Briggads of horse one after another to their ground with their Plottons of shot to attend them As also he led up the Briggads of foote one after another to their ground during which time we were drawne up according to our former plot the enemy was thundering amongst us with the noise and roaring whisling and flying of Cannon-Bullets where you may imagine the hurt was great the sound of such musick being scarce worth the hearing though martiall I confesse yet if you can have so much patience with farre lesse danger to reade this dutie to an end you shall finde the musicke well paide but with such Coyne that the players would not stay for a world to receive the last of it being over-joyed in their flying By twelve of the Clock on wednesday the seventh of September in despight of the fury of the enemies Cannon and of his advantages taken they were drawne up in even front with the enemy and then our Cannon begun to roare great and small paying the enemy with the like coyne which thundering continued alike on both sides for two houres and an halfe during which time our Battailes of horse and foote stood firme like a wall the Cannon now and then making great breaches amongst us which was diligently looked unto on all hands by the diligence of Officers in filling up the voide parts and in setting aside of the wounded towards Chirurgians every Officer standing firme over-seeing their Commands in their owne stations succeeding one another as occasion offered By halfe three our Cannon a little ceasing the Horsemen on both wings charged furiously one another our Horsemen with a resolution abiding unloosing a Pistoll till the enemy had discharged first and then at a neere distance our Musketiers meeting them with a Salve then our horsemen discharged their Pistolls and then charged through them with swords and at their returne the Musketiers were ready againe to give the second Salve of Musket amongst them the enemy thus valiantly resisted by our Horsemen and cruelly plagued by our Plottons of Musketiers you may imagine how soone he would be discouraged after charging twice in this manner and repulsed Our Horsemen of the right wing of Finnes and Haggapells led by the valourous Feltmarshall Horne finding the enemies Horsemen out of Order with resolution he charged the enemies left wing forcing them to retire disorderly on their battailes of foote which caused disorder among the foote who were forced then to fall to the right hand our Horsemen retiring his Majestie seeing the enemy in disorder played with Ordnance amongst them during which time the force of the enemies Battailes falls on the Duke of Saxon charging with Horse first in the middest of the Battailes and then the foote giving two Salves of Musket amongst them they were put to the Rout horse and foote and the enemy following them cryed Victoria as if the day had beene wonne triumphing before the victory But our Horsemen charging the remnant of their horse and foote where their Generall stood they were made to retire in disorder to the other hand towards Leipsigh our Armie of foote standing firme not having loosed one Musket the smoake
being great by the rising of the dust for a long time we were not able to see about us but being cleared up we did see on the left hand of our reserve two great Battailes of foote which we imagined to have beene Saxons that were forced to give ground having heard the service though not seene it we found they were enemies being a great deale neerer than the Saxons were His Majestie having sent Baron Tyvell to know the certaintie coming before our Briggad I certified him they were enemies and he returning towards his Majestie was shot dead his Majestie coming by gave direction to Colonell Hephurne to cause the Briggads on his right and left wing to wheele and then to charge the enemy the Orders given his Majestie retired promising to bring succours unto us The enemies Battaile standing firme looking on us at a neere distance and seeing the other Briggads and ours wheeleing about making front unto them they were prepared with a firme resolution to receive us with a salve of Cannon and Muskets but our small Ordinance being twice discharged amongst them and before we stirred we charged them with a salve of muskets which was repaied and incontinent our Briggad advancing unto them with push of pike putting one of their battailes in disorder fell on the execution so that they were put to the route I having commanded the right wing of our musketiers being my Lord of Rhees and Lumsdells we advanced on the other body of the enemies which defended their Cannon and beating them from their Cannon we were masters of their Cannon and consequently of the field but the smoake being great the dust being raised we were as in a darke cloude not seeing the halfe of our actions much lesse discerning either the way of our enemies or yet the rest of our Briggads whereupon having a drummer by me I caused him beate the Scots march till it cleered up which recollected our friends unto us and dispersed our enemies being overcome so that the Briggad coming together such as were alive missed their dead and hurt Camerades Colonell Lumsdell was hurt at the first and Lievetenant Colonell Musten also with divers other Ensignes were hurt and killed and sundry Colours were missing for that night which were found the next day The enemy thus fled our horsemen were pursuing hard till it was darke and the blew Briggad and the commanded musketiers were sent by his Majesty to helpe us but before their coming the victory and the credit of the day as being last ingaged was ascribed to our Briggad being the reserve were thanked by his Majesty for their service in publique audience and in view of the whole Army we were promised to be rewarded The Battaile thus happily wonne his Majesty did principally under God ascribe the glory of the victory to the Sweds and Fynnes horsemen who were led by the valorous Felt-marshall Gustavus Horne For though the Dutch horsemen did behave themselves valorously divers times that day yet it was not their fortune to have done the charge which did put the enemy to flight and though there were brave Briggads of Sweds and Dutch in the field yet it was the Scots Briggads fortune to have gotten the praise for the foote service and not without cause having behaved themselves well being led and conducted by an expert Cavalier and fortunat the valiant Hepburne being followed by Colonell Lumsdell Lievetenant Colonell Musten Major Monypenney Major Sinclaire and Lievetenant Colonell Iohn Monro with divers others Cavaliers of valour experience and of conduct who thereafter were suddainely advanced unto higher charges The victory being ours we incamped over night on the place of Battaile the living merry and rejoycing though without drinke at the night-wake of their dead Camerades and friends lying then on the ground in the bed of honour being glad the Lord had prolonged their dayes for to discharge the last honourable duty in burying of their Camerades Our bone-fiers were made of the enemies Amunition waggons and Pikes left for want of good fellowes to use them and all this night our brave Camerades the Saxons were making use of their heeles in flying thinking all was lost they made booty of our waggons and goods too good a recompence for Cullions that had left their Duke betrayed their country and the good cause when as strangers were hazarding their lives for their freedomes Our losse this day with the Saxons did not exceede three thousand men which for the most part were killed by the enemies Cannon of principall Officers we lost a number and chiefely our horsemen as Colonell Collenbagh Colonell Hall and Addergest and of the foote Colonells the Barron Tivell being all of them brave and valorous gentlemen we lost also foure Lievetenant Colonells together with a number of Rutmasters Captaines Lievetenants and Ensignes Of the Saxons were lost five Colonells three Lievetenant Colonells with divers Rut-masters and Captaines and of inferiours Officers many To the enemy were lost on the field neere eight thousand besides Officers of note such as the Felt-marshall Fustenberg the Duke of Holsten the Count of Shomeberg old Geuerall Tillie hurt and almost taken a number of other Officers of the Field were killed and taken prisoners They lost also thirty two peeces of Cannon with three score waggons of Amunition and their Generall and Papingham were chased towards Hall and from thence were forced with a small convoy to take their flight for refuge to Hamell on the Waser The sixteenth Observation FIrst then we see here the goodnesse that followes on that laudable and Christian custome used by those that doe first begin the workes of their calling with their true humiliation to God by prayers in acknowledging their sinnes and unworthinesse and in renouncing trust or confidence in any thing but in God alone knowing their owne wisdome strength and valour to be of no moment without the speciall aide and assistance of the Almighty and powerfull God who alone can teach our fingers to fight giving victory with few as with many And therefore it was that this Magnanimous and religious warriour with his whole Army publiquely did call on the Lord praying for his assistance against his enemies and for a happy event of the day before he begun to set his Army to worke against their enemies the enemies of God and the true Catholique and Apostolique faith which they had endeavoured to subvert with the professors of the truth to hold up and maintaine the man of sinne and his erronious doctrine by the power of the house of Austria and of the Catholique League We see then this duty being religiously and piously discharged by his Majesty and his Army the fruite was answerable to their desire having obtained victory over our enemies by the good command of his Majesty and the ready obedience dexterity and valour of his Majesties supreme Officers of the field who in all charges did direct those under them to the ready discharge of their duties every one of
of Pikes goes to bring out the Colours to be placed in Front of the Company before they march As also the Colours are to be conveyed againe in this manner at all lodging and dislodging The Company marching to Parad or watch with complete Officers the Captaine leads off six Rots of Musketiers his Drumme beating betwixt the second and the third Ranke then followes up after that division the oldest Sergeant leading up the first five Rots of Pikemen the Ensigne leading up the other Division of Pikes his Furer furing his Colours after him and the second Drummer beating betwixt the two Divisions then the Lievetenant leads up the last Division of Musketiers being six Rots also and coming in equall Front with the rest the Captaine making a signe for the Drumme beating they order their Armes the Captaine standing in Front on the Right hand the Ensigne on his left and the Lievetenant on the left hand of both with a Sergeant on each Flancke and the under-Beifells with halfe Pikes stand in the Reare of the Company Twelve Companies thus complete would make up three Squadrons every Squadron of Pikes and Muskets being drawne up severall apart after the former example of the lesse body Pikes and Colours on the right hand and the Musketiers on the left which three Squadrons thus drawne up and complete would make a complete Briggad of Foote to be divided as followes viz. eight Corporall-ships of Musketiers being thirty-two Rots divided in foure Plottons every Plotton being eight in front led off by a Captaine and every Division after him led up by a sufficient Officer till at a haulte all were drawne in even front after this Division should follow the thirty-six Rots of Pikes being twelve Corporall-ships with their Colours a Captaine leading off the first five Rots before the foure Colours should stirre where betwixt the second and third Ranke of the first Division of Pikes the Drummer should beate then the Ensignes should leade off the other Division their Furers with their Colours following them till they drew up in even Front with the first Division of Pikes which ought to be in one Front with the thirty-two Rots of Musketiers that make the right wing of the Briggad keeping their Armes orderly shouldered till they were commanded otherwise and their Sergeants ought to looke unto the Flanks till such time that the whole Squadron of Pikes being thirty-six Rots were drawne up in even Front with the Musketiers after this manner the other Squadron of Pikes being thirty-six Rots also which should make the Battaile of the Briggad ought to march by Divisions being led up in all respects and order after the manner of the former Squadron of Pikes till they were in even Front with the rest then the other thirty-two Rots of Musketiers belonging to that Squadron which are appointed to be the Battaile of the Briggad ought to be led up as the first Division of Musketiers were in all points which ought to draw up at a reasonable distance behinde their owne Squadron of Pikes appointed for the Battaile of the Briggad where their Sergeants on the Flancks ought to looke to their order and not to suffer them to stirre their Armes till they were commanded And after them should march up the last Squadron of Pikes in all respects observing the order of the former Squadrons in their marching till they were led up in equall Front with the other Pikes and then march up the last thirty-two Rots of Musketiers in foure Divisions observing the order of the former Divisions till they were in equall Front with the whole Pikes and then they making up the left wing of the Briggad the Colonell of the Briggad ordaines the battell of Pikes being the middle Squadron of Pikes to advance in one body before the rest till they are free of the Musketiers and Pikes which makes the wings of the Briggad and then the battaile of Pikes standing firme the thirty-two Rot of Musketiers which were drawne up behinde them march up till they fill up the voide betwixt the Squadrons of pikes standing right behinde their owne pikes that is the battaile of the Briggad and then the Colonell making a signe to the Drummers they beate all alike till the Briggad in one instant doth order their Armes all Officers of the Briggad standing on their stations according as they were directed then the superplus of the three Squadrons of musketiers being fourty-eight Rot are drawne up behinde the Briggad having also Officers to command them they attend orders which they are to obey being commanded out as pleaseth their Officers either to guard Cannon or Baggage or to be Convoyes to bring Amunition or victualls to the rest A direction to Traine single Souldiers apart HAving thus formed a Company and showne the manner to draw up a complete Briggad for the younger Officer his better understanding being a Novice to this Discipline I will set downe briefely the best way suddenly to bring a young Company to be exercised which in my opinion would be thus First since every Rot of the twenty-one whereof the Company doth consist hath allowed a Corporall or a Rot-master as the Leader of the other five which Leader is supposed to be more expert in handling of Pike or Musket then the other five who make up the Rot and the under Rot-master is supposed to be more expert in handling his Armes than the other foure so that he is appointed as a second to the Leader being sometimes a Leader himselfe then after the company is made up for the first weeke I would have every Corporall of the six and the fifteene Rot-masters being Leaders with the helpe of their under Rot-masters in a weekes time to make the other foure as expert in handling of Pike and Musket as themselves or to be punished with Irons in case of their neglect which the Sergeants should see done as they should answer to the Lievetenant the Lievetenant to the Captaine and the Captaine to the Major the Major to the Lievetenant Colonell and they all to the Colonell which they ought to practise in the fields apart till the Rot were acquainted every one with his Leader from the first to the last and while as the under Rot-master should turne Leader then all the followers before were then Leaders also and then the Rot being apart the middle man of the Rot should be taught to double to the Front till their deepe were three that was six before and in falling off againe the middle man should turne to the contrary side or hand he came up upon carrying their Armes handsomly free from others without making noise in their retiring to their former station and orders Likewise I would have the Corporall Rot-master or Leader being a Musketier having his Rot once expert in handling severally the Musket well then to discharge their Muskets in winning ground advancing to an enemy the Leader having discharged his musket standing still to blow his panne and prime againe
or distance This doubling of the bringers up or of middle-men is very requisit in giving a generall salve of Musket and as it is to be observed in rancks that the best men are placed in front reare and middle even so in files every Corporalship being foure files of Musketiers the likeliest are put ever in the right and left files of the foure being also of best experience The doubling of rancks being done and all remitted in good order and to their first distance of open order you are to command and exercise Souldiers in three severall wayes of counter-marching requisit in some respects but in my opinion to be used but seldome except it be in necessity in such parts as the ground will not permit otherwise therefore to avoide disorder Souldiers ought not to be ignorant of any of the three sorts of counter-marching First having commanded the Souldiers to dresse their rancks and files and to carry their Muskets handsomly keeping silence say To the right hand the counter-march without noise or losing of ground To the left hand retire againe to the former ground Then command againe to dresse rancks and files and to right their Armes keeping silence taking heede to what is to be commanded and say To the right hand turne Then the Flancke before being now the Front command To the right hand counter-march and lose no ground To the left hand as you were This is used ordinarily to change one wing of Battaile in place of the other then that the Front may be as it was first before they Countermarcht To the left hand turne dresse your Rankes and Files and be silent Another sort of Countermarch is the Slavonian countermarch where you lose ground the Front being changed also then you command the first Ranke to turne about to the right hand then you say to the rest Countermarch and through to your former distance after your Leaders Then say Leaders as you were and to the rest To the left hand countermarch as you were to your first ground The third sort of countermarch I esteeme most of to be practised being rather a conversion very requisit to be well knowne to all Souldiers in all Armies chiefly to be used before an enemy for as it is most sudden so in my opinion it breeds least disorder and disturbance the Souldiers once used to it of themselves they will willingly doe it on any occasion the body being before in open order or Battaile order say Close the Ranks and Files to your closse order without encumbering one of another every man following right his owne Leader keeping closse to his side man then say To the right hand the quarter turne halfe or whole as the occasion and the ground doth permit and then say Dresse your Armes and follow your Leaders and open againe to your Battaile order Lastly the body of your Musketiers exercised perfectly after this manner for the better bringing of them in exercise and breath that in case any disorder may happen amongst them they may the better afterward be acquainted one with another say to your open order of six foote distances Open both Rankes and Files and set downe your Armes handsomely where you stand then command your Sergeant to goe an hundred paces from the body of your Musketiers and sticke in his Holbert in the ground then admonish your Souldiers that at the tucke of your Drumme they runne from their Armes about the Holbert and to stay there till the Drumme recall them againe to their Armes which being done it makes the Souldiers able in breath to know one anothers place in case they should be brought at any time in disorder to recover themselves the better Thus much for the training of Souldiers in changing of place as you will have them without giving of fire When you have gotten your Souldiers thus experimented in their motions then are you to acquaint them with shot in giving of fire to make them fix against their enemies which is easily done having once apart and singularly used their Muskets after the order of the severall postures belonging thereto as was commanded their inferiour Officers and Leaders to teach them before they were exercised Therefore before you come to the particular formes of giving fire you shall first give some generall directions to be observed by all for avoiding the hurting of themselves or of their Camerades as also how they can best offend their enemies and to this effect you shall admonish in love all brave Musketiers first to have their Muskets cleere and hansome and above all fix in the worke especially every Souldier would be well knowne with his owne Musket and cocke to cocke aright then to hold the mouth or Cannon of his Musket ever high up either being on his shoulder or in priming or guarding of his panne but in giving fire never higher or lower than levell with the enemies middle then your Musketiers being in readinesse your Muskets charged they may be commanded to give fire in skirmish disbandoned as their Officers doe direct them to advance or retire as the occasion offers also to give fire by Ranckes Files Divisions or in Salves as the Officer pleaseth to command to the effect they may be fixed Omni modo though in my opinion one way is the best yet there are severall wayes of giving fire in advancing to an enemy as retiring from an enemy or in standing firme before an enemy either by Rancks or by Files made to Rancks Advancing to an enemy not being disbandoned but in one bodie they give fire by Rancks to Rancks having made readie alike they advance ten paces before the bodie being led up by an Officer that stands in even Front with them the Cannon or mouth of their Muskets of both Rancks being past his bodie The second Rancke being close to the backe of the foremost both gives fire alike priming and casting about their Muskets they charge againe where they stand till the other two Rancks advance before them and give fire after the same manner till the whole Troope hath discharged and so to beginne againe as before after the order of the through-countermarch ever advancing to an enemie never turning backe without death or victorie And this is the forme that I esteeme to be the best as for the rest they are not to be much used but this order can be used winning ground advancing or losing ground in a Retreate When you would command the body of your Musketiers to give fire in a Salve as is ordinarie in Battell before an enemy joyne or against Horsemen then you command the bringers up or Reare to double the Front to the right hand and to make readie having the match cocked and their pannes well guarded having closed the three Rancks though not the Files the Officers standing in equall Front with the foremost Rancke betwixt two Divisions he commands to give fire one Salve two or three and having charged againe and shouldered their Armes they retire to
without suspition within shot of Cannon But when either Trumpeter or Drummer is sent with letters or message to prisoners he ought before he come neere the Guards sound his Trumpet or beate his Drumme giving advertisment to the Guards before he enter within their outward Centries otherwise he is lyable to the highest punishment but having law fully aduertised the Guard an Officer by command of the Captaine of the watch with a Convoy of Musketiers ought to meete him and having enquired for his commission and passe and seene his open letters having search't him for private letters and finding none then he ought to sile or blinde him up and convay him blinded unto the chiefe Commander who receives his letters reades and delivers them and then after he being siled up againe he is convaied unto the Gavilliger where he is kept till he be ready and suffered to depart againe with open Letters being convayed out as he came in and no Prisoner ought to deliver any letters though open to any man till first he acquaint his Guard who ought to impart it to the Commander of the pâ—ce and it is ordinary to Governours or Commanders to whom Trumpeters or Drummers doe come having received their answer being brought siled from the Gavilligers unto their lodging first to talke merrily with them and then to cause attenders drinke to them till they be merrry and then being siled againe they are convayed without the whole Contries having their passe they are free to returne Prisoners having agreed for their Ransomes or being exchanged out for others they ought not be suffered to depart without getting first the Generalls passe and then he may goe with a Trumpeter or without one to the next friendly Garrison For quartering an Army in field upon March Dorpe Towne or Leaguer An Observation A Commander ought not be ignorant of the circumstances belonging to the quartering of an Army therefore for the better Information of the younger sort who have not seene such Marches as I have bin at with his Majesty of worthy memory who quartered his Army Summer or Winter according as the occasion or neerenesse of his enemy did offer where many times the whole winters night the Army horse foote and Artillery being without fire did stand in battaile order by their Armes in the fields having placed their Artillery apart with a guard to attend them their baggage also being behinde them apart and well guarded and a maine guard being commanded out apart before the Army of horse and foote And the Armies being neere one another all Officers were commanded to abide on their severall charges as they were commanded on the March to leade Briggads Troopes or Divisions The commanded men being also apart next unto the enemy with their Officers by them which all being orderly quartered in this first manner they entertained one another with such dainties as the time afforded passing the night with variety of merry jests and discourses till day that either Drumme or Trumpet did invite them unto earnest The second forme of our quartering was in the fields not being neere an enemy where we quartered a little more commodiously for our ease being commonly drawne up by foure or five of the clocke in the afternoone neere some Towne or Village in some faire meadow by water if it could be had in the Summer and in the Winter being quartered we drew neere the side of some wood both for fire and for build or shelter The Army drew up in battaile by Briggads as they marched where behinde the place the Briggads drew up unto at a reasonable distance their quarters were marked out severally according as they stood in battaile and before the Briggads removed from their Armes their guards were first commanded out every Briggads guard being placed at a distance of foure score paces from their Colours where they were appointed to watch and the watch being set Centries were put to the Colours and then the Pike-men were ordained to six their Pikes fast in the ground as they stood in battaile the Musketiers also were ordained in dry wether to set up their Muskets in order in even front with their Colours but when it rained they were commanded to keepe them carefully dry by themselves which all orderly done they were suffered part and part to goe and provide themselves of straw and fire providing also many times well for their Officers Kitchins beside The Artillery and Amunition waggons being also drawne up a part and well guarded their horses were sent to grasse for good quarters then the Baggage and wagons as they came up did draw up orderly behinde their owne Regiments and their horses being sent to grasse the Officers Tents were set up orderly at a distance before their Colours and then cookes went to dresse meate and all being returned to quarters before supper the whole Drummes of the Army did beate before their severall Briggads inviting all to publique prayers which were never forgotten And after prayers the Majors of the Regiments did give out orders for that night to the Sergeants and for up-breaking the next morning and then all went to meate first and next to rest and the whole horsmen were drawne up in this fashion and parties were sent out of their quarters to batter the streets two or three mile off the whole night lest we should be surprised by an enemy without intelligence The next morning Drummes having called all to Armes the Briggad that had the Van marched out first in a new ground and drew up the Briggad that had the Van the day before marched out drawing up on their left hand having fallen backe one degree from the Van and then the rest of the Briggads drew out orderly one after another till the left hand of the foote Army were closed up and then they went to prayers and the prayers ended they marched the Baggage marching after being drawne up in order as the Briggads or Regiments did march so did they The Artillery marched with the Briggads in part and the rest marched before the Army with their Convoyes and guard of Musketiers which were changed every two dayes being commanded men out of all Regiments proportionally having Officers commanded them accordingly Thus much of quartering in the fields The third manner of quartering an enemy being a farre off and we neere Townes onely in cold weather quarterings were given for the Hoffestaffe being the King or Generall and their followers and the principall Officers of the Army including his Majesties houshold whose quarters were first appointed by the generall quarter-master in the Townes and next to the Hoffe-staffe the Colonells that commanded Briggads were quartered and next to them the Colonells of Regiments their Officers and Souldiers agreat part and the best of the quarters ordained for the Officers belonging to the Artillery their horses and servants The Artillery and baggage standing without the Towne those who quartered within the Towne had allowance of free meate and drinke