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ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06617	Instructions for the warres Amply, learnedly, and politiquely, discoursing the method of militarie discipline. Originally written in French by that rare and worthy generall, Monsieur William de Bellay, Lord of Langey, Knight of the order of Fraunce, and the Kings lieutenant in Thurin. Translated by Paule Iue, Gent.; Instructions sur le faict de la guerre. English	Fourquevaux, Raimond de Beccarie de Pavie, baron de, 1509-1574.; Ive, Paul. Practise of fortification. aut; Du Bellay, Guillaume, 1491-1543, attributed name.	1589 (1589)	STC 1708.5; ESTC S109957	278,520	369

one was called the right corner the other the left They would neuer suffer that theyr assistants should be more in number then theyr Legionaries but as for the horssemen they made no great accompt although they were more in number then theirs With such an army of 20000 footemen and about 1500. horsse of seruice at the vttermost a Consull of Rome did enterprise all factions and did execute them True it is that when as they were to deale with a verye great force of theyr enemyes they assembled two Consuls and caused the two Hoastes Consulares to ioyne together We must note moreouer that in all the thrée principall actions that an army doth as in marching lodging and fighting the aforesaid Romanes did put theyr Legions in the middest because they would that the force which they trusted most should be most vnited yet their confederates were not inferiours vnto them because of the great practise that they had together for in truth they were practised and raunged after one manner As they had two Legions of their owne Citizens and two of their assistants in euery one of their hoasts so likewise I will take foure Legions of Frenchmen or two at the least and they shall be of 6100. footemen for this number liketh me best for that Vegetius hath vsed it in the framing of his Legions and of the two abouesaid Legions I will make my principall force If so be that we would haue strange souldyers amongst them I would place the sayd strangers at the two corners of the army as the Romanes did their assistants But I suppose that there shall be no strangers in the hoast that I will make at this present or if there should be I would not haue the number of the Legions which I require to be diminished but that there should alwayes be foure by the ordering of which foure may easily be vnderstoode how a greater armye should be raunged for if there should be a greater number of people then the sayd foure Legions there were no more to do but to make many small Batailons and to place them behinde and at the sides of the Bataile in forme of Subsides to succour any part of the Batailon that might be oppressed of which Subsides it shall be necessary to vse for the diuers formes of Batailons that enemyes oftentimes do make to the intent that without changing or taking any thing out of place we might at all times haue wherewithall to resist them as if any of the enemyes Batailons should be raunged in Point that is with a narrow strong battaile we might immediatly bring forward those that are behinde and those vpon the flanks and range them in the forme of two vnited forces to receiue and inclose betwixt them the enemyes Point when it shall approch or if the said enemyes should march with their front of great breadth they then might march in Point and force to breake into them These people would be also good to repulse those that should sodainely charge vpon the flanks of the Batailon or behind they may also serue to relieue those that are in danger or to strike downe those that runne away and for many other good actions which I leaue to speake of wherein we might employ those that might be in our Camps ouer and aboue the said four Legions notwithstanding for these purposes there néede none to be leuied sith the Forlorne hope those of the flanks might serue the turne Furthermore I thinke that it shall not be néedfull to recite againe the number of people that I haue appointed for euery Legion nor that there are tenne ordenary bands and two extraordinary nor what armes and weapons they should carry nor the diuersitie of Pikemen nor what officers Chiefs there should be in euery Legion because that I haue before recited them perticularly wherefore without any more repetition I say that the first Legion for they must all be distinguished by degrées ought at all times to be raunged in the Batailon in one place and the others likewise Therefore I would that the first Legion should keepe the right side and the second the left and that the first rankes of the Hastaries of these two Legions should be raunged as farre forward the one as the other and all the other rankes following And for a more manifest demonstration suppose that the enemyes be towards the East and that we do raunge the fronts of our battailes towards them the first Legion being vpon the right hand on the South side the second Legion vpon the left hand on the North side and their backs towards the West and the Hastaries one right against another one as far forward as an other and the Princes Triaries of both these two Legions must likewise kéepe one and the selfe-same order ranks spaces distances there must a space be left betwixt the two Legions from the front vnto the tayle which must be thirty paces broade these two Legions shall occupy the place that the two Legions of the Citizens of Rome did occupy I would haue the third Legion to be placed on the right corner the fourth on the left and raunged in the selfe-same order that the two Legions betwixt thē are with spaces betwixt thē of 30. paces broade so that the foure Legions should occupy in breadth a thousand pases or more The Forlorne hope shall be at the head and the horssemen of the first and third Legion shall be on the right wing and the horsemen of the second and fourth Legion vppon the left wing And for to gouerne this army well it would be necessary to haue certayne principall Chiefes and Officers who should be subiect and obedient vnto one Lieutenant Generall There shall be therefore two Chiefes to wéet one Captaine generall of the horssemen vnto whome all the Captaynes that haue charge of horssemen must be obedient The other shall be Captayne generall ouer the footemen vnto whome all the Colonels and Captaines that haue charge of footemen shall be obedient The dignitie of these two Chiefes is equall because that the one commaundeth ouer the one kinde of Souldyers and the other ouer the other and they are the highest degrées that are in an army excepting the Generall chiefe and vnto which estates all other degrées may aspire each one in his facultie as he that is a horsseman may attaine to be Captayne generall ouer horssemen and he that is a footeman may attayne to be Captayne generall ouer the footemen to arise vnto which dignities there must be as many degrées passed in the one facultie as in the other for I make twelue degrées in either of them First amongst the footemen there is the Forlorne hope amongst whom I would place all those which I would inrowle to fill a Legion The second place is to be of the flanks in these two places they should passe through all offices except the Corporals before that they should be of the Battailon being of

band being so ranged the second shall march as far forwarde as the first and place it selfe vpon the right hand of it and shall occupie as great a space in breadth and length as it doeth Their rankes shall bee straight in the flankes one by another and the two bands thus ranged together shall make 42. in fronte and their order shall bee all one they must haue a space left betwixt them of 5. paces broade The thirde band shall bee brought forward vpon the left side of the first bande and shall bee ranged like vnto the other two and not otherwise and betwixt it and the first shall also a space be left of 5. paces broade The fourth band shall bee brought forward vppon the right side of the second and shall bee ranged in rankes and spaces like vnto the others and shall alwaies make the right corner The fyft shall bee brought forwarde vppon the left side of the third bande and shall bee ranged as the others and shall alwaies make the left corner These fiue bands thus ordered doe make 105. men in front and doe occupie in breadth 230 paces and 60. in length at the taile of these bands we must range the sixt seauenth and eight band right behinde the other fiue and distant from them 25. pases and in such sorte that these three bands must occupie as greate a breadth in front as the other fiue and therefore the men must be ranged much opener thē those in the first fiue The sixt band shall bee in the midst the seauenth vppon the right side of it and the eyght vppon the left which three bands doe make 63. in fronte and the space which they occupie in length is 90. paces At the backs of these three bands shall the ninth and tenth band be placed right behinde them and distant from them 25. paces The ninth shal be on the right side and the tenth on the left and they shall occupie as much breadth as the first fiue True it is that the rankes of these two bands shall bee opener then those of the second battaile are but it is necessarie that they shoulde bee so for the reason that I will shewe you by and by Their order shal be like vnto the other bands but that the distaunce of the rankes of these two bands shall be more then the distance of the rankes of the others for whereas the rankes of the second battaile doth occupie but 90. paces frō the first ranke vnto the last these shall occupie 120. paces wherefore al the 10. bands together will occupie 230. paces in breadth and 320. from the fyrst ranke of the Batailon vntill the last Moreouer I would that these three battailes should haue certaine expresse names for the Romanes did so distinguish theirs naming as I haue said before the Souldiers of the fyrst battaile Hastaries those of the second Princes and those of the thirde Triaries For to arme the flankes fyrst for the right flanke I would take the Pikemen of the fyrst second fourth seuenth and ninth band and would range them alongst the Batailon two and two so that the flanke should represent as great a number of men as the front doeth The Harquebusiers of the fiue bands aforesaide shall also bee ranged two and two together alongst the flanke of these pikes fyue or six paces distant from them The Pikemen of the third fyft sixt eyght and tenth bande shall be on the left side and shal be ranged like vnto those vpon the right side and the Harquebusiers like vnto the other The Corporals of both flankes shal be by themselues before their men The two bands of the forelorne hope shal be the one vpon the one flanke and the other vpon the other The Harquebusiers shal be ranged in 16 rankes and their Pikes in 4 euerie one of which ranke shall haue 21 men their Ensigne shal be in the midst of their Pikes The one companie of 100. men of armes shall bee vppon the one flanke and the other vppon the other flanke and shall bee like vnto two wings As for the light Horsemen they shall be ranged before the men of armes or at their sides who so would in such sorte that they both to gether might make one fronte or if you would range them both by two Decuries and two Decuries you may doe it The Hargoletiers shall be before them and the Harquebusiers a horsebacke formost the Captaines shall bee before the men of armes the Lieutenants before the light horsemen the Conductors before the Hargoleteires and the Harquebusiers either of them before his charge The Colonel shall place himselfe in the voide place betwixt the Hastaries and the Princes or at the head of the Batailon at one of the corners betwixt the fourth bande and the Pikes vpon the right flanke or betwixt the fyft bande and the Pikes vpon the left flanke as it shall seeme best I would that he should haue with him in his Squadron the Sergant Maior and some chosen men that knewe wiselye to execute a commission of importance His Trumpet and Drum Maior shall be alwayes by him to sound and to signifie his commaundement speedilye When the Battailon shall be thus ordered the Colonell shall commaund his Trumpet to sound that his men should marche easilye and in a while after shall sounde to make them to goe faster and afterward shall sound the combate The Hastaries must not be forgotten to be taught how they should retire themselues within the Princes nor how both these Battailes of Hastaries and Princes should retyre vnto the Triaries which must be doone without disordering or breaking themselues The Pikes vpon the flankes ought to retire as the Battailes doe retire to wit the firste ranke into the seconde the thirde ranke into the fourth and the fift into the sixt and the others consequentlye The forlorne hope and the Horssemen shall doe so likewise This doone a retreat shall be sounded and euerye bande shall fall of a part and put their men into single order to reenter the Campe as they came out And if it should séeme better to range the Princes and Triaries in one front they might be so aswell as the Hastaries for then there néede no more to be doone but to make the ninth and the tenth bande to put themselues betwixt the second and third band in whole bands and that the sayd Princes and Triaries should keepe the same order that the fiue bands of Hastaries doe keepe and occupie as much ground in breadth and length as the sayd Hastaries doe occupie or otherwise foure bands of the Hastaries might make the front and the fyft might be placed in the middle Battailon with one bande of Princes and both these bandes might range themselues in ten rankes 42. men in euery ranke and the seuenth and eyght band of the sayde Princes might bee ranged with the Triaries and so there should be aswell foure bandes behinde as foure before and two in the middest all ranged

in an ill minde a dishonest bodie and a cankered heart there can neuer enter nor dwell any poynt of vertue If then the souldiers may be found well conditioned at the first there must bee order taken that they may so continue while they are in their bands and therefore it should be necessarie that they might alwaies be occupied to kéepe them from idlenes and this occupation should be either in doing their owne busines or in exercising their armes which they might vse vpon holidaies and vpon other daies attend vnto their own busines and labour in their science and they that haue no occupation ought to bee constrained to learne one within a certaine time I speake of those that are no gentlemen to the intent that they may haue maintenaunce when as the warres are ended that haue no lands In this doing the king should finde himselfe without comparison to bee better serued of them then he is of those who make the warres their occupation At the vttermost if the danger that might happen by this leuie should be thought to be asmuch as the profite or more and that the king his counsell rested vpon this conclusion that it were more sure for to let his commons to sleepe in time of peace then to awake them by putting armes into their hands At the least me thinke that when warres did happen and when there is question to leuie men in Fraunce wee ought to helpe our selues in chusing souldiers after this manner and that they should be compelled to inroule themselues in such sort as I haue sayd for which there must be good authoritie giuen vnto the Captaines and likewise good time to choose and leuie them in As for to leuie them as we are accustomed it hath no order in it I meane if wee will haue men of seruice for in this case the Captaines are constrained to receiue all that come vnto them aswell the good as the bad and sometimes the worst do make themselues to be intreated and to bee bought dearer then if they were any thing worth and notwithstanding they must bee had if it were but to fill vp the number I would therefore that the Captaines might haue more time to make their bands then they haue in which time they should bee bound to vse great diligence in trayning their men and in trayning them to march toward the place of meeting making small iornies to exercise them vpon the way How Souldiers ought to be armed and weaponed both according vnto the manner that was vsed in the old time and that which we do vse at this present The 4. Chapter AFter that these men are chosen and inroulled they must bee armed the best and surest way that may bee deuised and in such sorte that they may haue an aduauntage of all other men For which cause me thinke it were good to examine what armes the auncient souldiers did beare and those that wee do vse at this day to the intent to take those that might be thought most surest The Romanes deuided their footmen into heauie armed men and into light armed men They called their light armed men Velites vnder which word were vnderstood all those that vsed Slings Darts and Bowes the greatest part whereof as saith Polibius were armed with a Sallet and carried a Target vpon their armes to couer themselues and fought with out order a good distance from their heauie armed men Those that were heauie armed had a head-peece that came down to their shoulders and were armed vpon their bodies with curets whose tasses did couer them vnto the knees Moreouer their armes and legges were armed and they carried a Shield that was foure foote long and two foote broade which Shield was bound with yron aloft and belowe to keepe it from cleauing and wearing and in the middest of it was a bosse of yron fastened to abide blowes the better Besides that they had a sword girt to their left sides on their right sides a short dagger and in their hands a Darte called Pilum which they threwe when they began the combate Some wrighters do say that besides the foresayd Shield they carried a Pike namely the souldiers of Greece but that should seeme impossible for as much as they would haue béen troubled enough to haue vsed one of those weapons alone and as for to vse them both at once would haue been but little for their ease for the Pike alone requireth both handes On the other part the Shield serued but only to couer them because it was not very maniable nor likewise would the Target bee handled very well for it would bee too combersome except that at the beginning of the combate they should vse the Pike hanging their Targets vpon their backes and entring the approach so neere that the Pike might stand them in no more steade they then casting it from them might helpe themselues with their Targets and their Swordes And as for those that do carrie the Pike as if they could carrie nothing else I say that if they did but thrust with their Pikes the Target might hinder them nothing at all although they should beare it in that manner that it ought to bee borne The Greekes laded not themselues with so heauie harnes as the Romanes did but they gaue themselues more to the vse of the Pike principally the Phalanges of Macedonia who carried Pikes of ten cubites long called Sarisses with the which they enforced their enemies to beate their rankes and yet kept themselues in order but sith the Romanes did conquer the whole world wee may beleeue that they were the best armed of all others The fashiō at this day is to arme a foot man with a corselet cōplet or with a shyrt of male and a head-piece which me think is suffcient for the defence of a man and I finde our manner of arming to be better then the Romanes And as for our offensiue weapons we do carry the sword as they did but somewhat longer the other weapons are the Pike the Halbard the Pertisan the Harquebusse and many others lesse in vse amongst Souldyers and the Target but that there is but little accompt made of it except it be for some assault neither is there almost any man that will lade himselfe with it except Captaines The Harquebusse hath bin inuented within these fewe yeares and is verie good so that it be vsed by those that haue skill but at this present euery man will be a Harquebusier I knowe not whether it be to take the more wages or to be the lighter laden or to fight the further off wherein there must be an order taken to appoint fewer Harquebusiers and those that are good then many that are worth nothing for this negligence is cause that in a skirmish wherein tenne thousand Harquebussados are shot there dieth not so mutch as one man for the Harquebusiers content themselues with making of a noyse and so shoote at all aduentures The Halbards are armes newly inuented as

one manner of sounding in the field whether it be to sounde an allarme or to make a Crye to put themselues in battell for to marche forward or backward for to turne toward any part and for a retreate and in some to signifie all those other points with other Drums which by the sound of one Drum alone cannot so well be made knowne as by manye who make themselues to be heard in the greatest tumult and preases that may be The Souldiers likewise ought to be so attentife to listen vnto that which they are commaunded that they should neuer faile The Drums ought also to bee readye to sounde according vnto the sound of the Colonel his Trumpet by whome they must gouerne themselues in all that they do The Colonel his Trumpeter ought to be expert in all his soundings to handle them so clearly that one thing be not mistaken for an other but to expresse the Collonel his commaundement as he ought to do and to be alwayes attendant vpon him and not to be from his hand And to tell you the reasons that make me to ordaine a Trumpet amongst footmen is that it might bee better vnderstoode in a great noyse then the Drums or that when as the Drums should alter their stroke they might gouerne themselues by the sound of the Trumpet whose sounde is much lowder then the Drums which the Switzers knowing who are the inuenters of the Drums do vse Trumpets before their Bataillons wherby their Chefes do signifie what the Batailon ought to doe and it is not long since that they vsed great Hornes All these small things ought to be shewed vnto euery band a part before that the Legion should be assembled together to the intent that they might know to keepe their order and ranks that no force whatsoeuer might disorder them and that the sound of the Trumpet might be so familiar vnto them that they should not erre nor take one thing for another but afterwards might easilie learne all that the Bataillon ought to doe when they are assembled to-together And forasmuch as we put an armie into battell eyther for that we see our enemies or for that we doubt them not seeing them euery bande ought to be practised and instructed in such sort that it might marche vpon the waye surely and fyght if need require and euery Souldier to be taught what he ought to do if they should be assaulted vpon a sudden And when you do instruct them in the manner that they ought to keepe to resist their enemies vpon a day of Battell it shal be necessary to shew them how a battell dooth begim and after what maner one Batalilon dooth encounter another of the enemies and vnto what place they must retire being repulsed and who they are that should put themselues in their places vnto what signes sounds and cryes they ought to obey and what they should doe when they heare those soundes and cryes and see those signes and to accustome them so well with those fained battailes and assaults that afterwards they should not onely dare to abyde an enemie but desire the battaile which bouldnesse will rather proceede of the good order and raunging that they doe finde to be in themselues then of their owne proper hardines and specially because their battailes shal be ranged that the one may succour the other easilie which is a thing of no small importance to imboulden Souldiors For that if I be of the first battell that fighteth and know vnto what place to retire when I am repulsed and who it is that should come in my place I shall alwaies fight with a better courage seeing my succour neare then whē I see them not or knowe not of them Likewise if I be of the second battell although the first be repulsed and that I see them to giue backe that shall nothing dismaye me because I know before what that geuing backe doth signifie but shall be more desirous that it might be so to the intent to be of that number that should winne the victorye and that the first should not haue all the honour alone These exercises heere spoken of are necessarye both for our new men and for those that are practised also for we finde that although the Romanes knew all that they ought to doe in a perticular bande and also in an armie and learned all those pointes in their youthe notwithstanding they were practised aswell in time of peace as when their enemies were at hand Iosephus saythe in his Historie that the continuall exercise of the Romanes armie was cause that the multitude of those that did follow the Campe did serue vpon a day of battell aswell as the men of war for that they did know aswell as the others to keepe their rankes and to fight well But for an hoast of new mē whether it be you leauie them to haue present seruice of them or to haue seruice of them heereafter it would be worth nothing without these exercises wherfore sithe that order is so necessary a thing it must be shewed vnto them with double industrie and diligence that vnderstand it not and maintained in them that doe know it as we finde that many excellent Captaines haue taken paines to teach maintaine this discipline But this matter hath brought me somwhat out of the way for that I doe speake of the practising of the whole armie before I haue declared how to exercise the bands particularly but it is the affection that I beare vnto this matter that is the cause wherefore I will returne vnto my first purpose How to raung one band in battaile and the order that it ought to keepe in trauailing through the countrie and the manner how to lodge it in a campe in his quarter a part and a Legion together The 7. Chapter THe first thing of importance in the exercising of these bands is to teache them to keepe their rankes well wherefore they must be first raunged in single order that is three and three together or fiue and fiue or eyght and eyght as it will best fall out with-out respect of the number wheather it bee euen or od for that dooth nothing in this matter but is an obseruation with-out any grounde and Vegetius him selfe can giue no good reason for it but custome I haue sayd before that euery one of the ten bands that shal be appointed for the bodie of the Battailion of euery one of the newe Legions which I doe ordaine for I leaue a side the Legions heretofore leuied shall haue 510. men not coumpting the Captains which 510. ought to be brought into 102. ranks that is fiue men in euery ranke and afterward their ranks augmented either marching slowly or in hast as of two rankes of fiue to make one of ten and of two of 10. to make one of 20. and soddainly to reduce them out of this ranke into their first single order and to aduertise them that the second should alwaies follow the first not

leesing them and the third the second and the others likewise following vntil the last This done you may order euerie one of these bands in that order that they must be ranged in when al the Legion is in one Battailion together And for to doe this the Pikes for the flankes shal be taken out of their order shal be put one the one side and two Corporalls of ordinary Pikes shall make the head the one Corporall and his people first and the other Corporall and his people afterward and the Corporall of the Halbardiers shall followe them with the Ensigne in the midst of the Halberds The other two Corporalls of ordinarie Pikes shall make the taile eache one with his men and they shal be rancked fiue and fiue and euerie Corporall must be shewed what place he must keepe at al times and the Corporalls must afterwards shew the Chiefes of squadrons and the cheifes of squadrons their Deceners The Captaine must be at the head of the band and the Lieutenant at the taile The Sergeant hath no place of abiding except the Captaine doe giue him one but must trot vp and downe from place to place to make the ranks to keepe good order and to commaund that the Captaine willeth to be done The Clarke of the band shal be there also out of ranke to take view of those that wante that they might be punished afterward according vnto the lawes that the Colonell shall make for that purpose The second ranke shall enter with in the first the fourth within the third the sixt within the fifte and the other afterward following so that the 85. ranks which the fiue Corporalls with their Chiefs of Squadrons comprised doe come vnto 42. rankes in euery one of which ranks are 10. men besides their Corporals which are ranged before their people These 42. rankes shal be againe redoubled in making the on ranke to enter within the other as is a foresaid then wheras they were before but 10. mē they shal now be 20. with euery one of which ranks their Chief of squadrons shall range themselues in the midst so that he shall haue ten men vpon his right side and ten vpon his left which is a iust squadron Euerie Corporall shall place himselfe before his fower squadrons so that the Souldiers of this one band shall make 20. rankes euerie one of which rankes shall haue 21. men The first 8. rankes and the last shal be all Pikemen and the fower in the midst shal be all Halbardiers Or otherwise all the souldiers of one Squadron might followe one another and to make so many Squadrons as you intend to make rankes For my meaning is that euerie Squadron shoulde make but one ranke So that if they be ranked fiue and fiue and that you would range the 20. Squadrons in battaile the Squadrons must be brought vp the one by the side of the other vntill that they be all ranked the one nether before nor behinde the other The first of euerie ranke shal be the Chiefes of the Squadron and the second one of the two Diceneres and after him all his Dicenere The other Dicenere shal be in the last ranke and he shall serue for the guide behinde His Souldiers shal be ioyned vnto his companions in such order that the last of the one and the last of the other shall make the two middle rankes And as I did before place Halbardes in the midst so I pretend heere also to haue as many and these shal be the last of euerie Dicenere that shall cary Halbards and so there shal be no expresse Squadrons of Halbards By this reckoning there shal be in this little Batailon 21. rankes of 20. men in front euerie one of the Corporalls shall place himself before his Souldiers And whether the first maner be better then this or no allwaies it is euident that the Souldiers should be practised in such sort that they might know how to range themselues in battaile and must be made to martch hastely forward and backwarde and to passe through troublesome passiages not loosing or breaking their order and if they can doe this they deserue to bee called practised Souldiers although that they neuer sawe enemies and on the contrary parte those that cannot keepe these orders although they had bin in a thousand warres ought to bee called but new souldiers It is also a hard matter for men to put themselues suddainly into their first order after that they are once broken either through ill passages or by their enemies except they haue had great exercise and long custome But to helpe them it weare necessarie to haue two things done the one is that the Ensignes might bee easely knowne and that the Chiefes Members and officers should haue some cognissance vpon their armes or their garments and the other is that euery bande shoulde bee ranged in the Battaillion in one accustomed place and not chaunge at any time and that the Corporalls should know their places with their troups not altering at any time so that if a Corporall were accustomed to bee in the first ranke hee shoulde allwaies continew there in the place appoynted them at the beginning And if a band bee accustomed to be on the right side it shoulde there continew and that on the left side likewise in his place By this meanes if the Souldiers weare accostomed to knowe their places put case that they should be out of order they would quickly bring themselues in againe for the Ensigns knowing their accustomed places in the Battaillion the Corporalls knowing euerie one their place might soone see where they ought to range for those of the frunt would retyre vnto the frunt and those of the taile vnto their places also Moreouer the Chiefes of Squadrons doe knowe into how many rankes they should range themselues and aswell they as the Corporals doe knowe who shoulde goe before and who should followe Wherefore the Souldiers hauing nothing to doe but to follow their Chiefes woulde range themselues readily euery one in his place without Sergeant or any other to place them for that the custome would make them perfect Thse thinges heare spoken of doe teache themselues so that there be diligence vsed and custome and after that they are once well learned they will be hardly forgotten It shal be also necessarie to make them to turne all at once for somtime the head must be made the tayle or one of the flanks according vnto the enimie his force and the place he will assault them on and for to answer on that side that shall be necessarie there needes no more but to turne their faces and that part that they turne toward shall be called the front But who so would that a whole Bataillon should turne all together as if it were a massie body must haue therein great practise and discretion for as if they should turne toward the left hand those of the left corner should stand still and those next

waies and after them marched the right pointe of their Battailon in order ready to sight at the taile of it marched all the baggage of the same point After that marched another Legion and their baggage behinde them and afterward the third Legion their baggage last of all the left point their baggage at their tailes behind which baggage marched all the horsmē this maner did the said Romans ordinarily vse in going through the country if the hoast were assayled either before or behinde they caused theyr baggage and carriage to be retired all at once either vpon the left side or vpon the right side as came best to hande and when the Souldiers and place were free of all incumbrances the Battailes turned their faces towardes that side that their enemies came to assault them on And if so bee that they were assayled vpon one of the flankes they put their baggage one the other side and made head vnto their enemyes Me thinkes that this manner of marching through an enemie his countrie should be the best that might be imitated in this case we might likewise send out before on euery side a good number of Hargoletiers and Harquebusiers a Horsebacke to discouer the wayes round about our hoast send part of our light Horssemen to follow the said Hargoletiers and Harquebusiers somwhat néere to succour them if they should haue anye encounter the battailes as is aforesaid marching in good order with their rankes at large so that the way were broad ynough or at the least that in euery ranke should be ten mē As for to marche at length being in an enemies country is an euill counsell The Legions ought euery one to march by themselues with their cariages at their backes after the maner of the Romanes And for that there are two sorts of baggage to wit one that perteineth vnto the Soldiers particularly and the cariages which doe appertaine vnto the common vse as the prouisiō of victuals armes Ordnance it would not bee amisse to deuide the sayd carriage into foure parts and to giue vnto each legion besides their particular baggage the one fourth part of the publke cariages Moreouer it would be well done to deuide the Ordnaunce into fower partes if it were but to auoyde the enuie that would bee amongst men of warre if the one part of the armie should haue it in charge and the other not or if the one should haue more then the other And likewise the vnarmed people ought to be deuided equally such as Pyoners Carters Victualers men of occupation and other poore people that do follow a Campe to get their liuing to the intent that euery number of armed men might haue iustly their charge that the one should not be more aduantaged and charged then the other But when as it dooth happen that an hoaste doth trauaile through a countrey that is not onely suspected but also is such an enemie as the sayde Hoaste dooth looke euerye hower to bee assayled then the forme of martching before spoken of may be altred and the hoast ranged in another order which order should bee so good that neither the people of the Countrey or an enemie his armie might at any time finde the Lieuetenaunt Generall nor his battailes in disorder in any one poinct nor likewise giue him any repulse or to doe any domage vnto his men To auoide the daunger of these suddaine assaults which are made by stealth the auncient Chiefes were accustomed to martch with their hoastes square not that they were altogeather square but they were raunged with foure faces and by that meanes they martched through their enemie his Countrey beeing ready to defend themselues whensoeuer that they should bee assaulted and vsed no other forme except they were constrained to fight with their Battailes raunged or that they were charged with too great a force of enemies This manner of marching will I vse in this place and will shew how to order fower Legions after this manner by immitating of whose example a greater armie may bee conducted to martch through out all Countries without daunger af enemies and to make head one what part soeuer that it should be assayled The Battailes must bee raunged in suche sort that the first Legion must be at the right corner of the said square and the Hastaries of this Legion should occupie their accustomed place towardes the east for it shal be supposed that they do martch toward the east and afterward the Princes and Triaries must place themselues towardes the South so that they and the said Hastaries shall make a right angle which is one fourth part of a quadrant The seconde Legion shal be placed vpon the left corner and the Hastaries of the saide Legion shal be raunged on the east part as the Hastaries of the first Legion so that the Hastaries of these two legions shall make the front of the said square vppon the east side leauing a space of ten paces distaunt betwixt the saide two legions The Princes and Triaries of the second legion must bee raunged on the north side who beeing ioyned vnto their Hastaries shall make another angle and by that meanes these two legions are the one halfe of the quadrant and to finishe it the third Legion must bee raunged behinde the first in suche sort that the Hastaries of that legion shall make the one halfe of the angle towardes the West to shew their faces that way if it should be needfull and their Princes and Triaries shall make the other halfe of the corner and shal haue their faces towardes the South if it should be needfull and shal ioyn vnto the Princes and Triaries of the first Legion reseruing the space that ought to be left betwixt them which shal be ten paces as is aforesaide and these spaces shall likewise be obserued betwixt the people and the other Legions to the intent that they do not touch one another and there must bee a regard had that those spaces may be kept The fourth Legion shal be raunged behind the second placing the Hastaries on the west side and the Princes and Triaries on the north so that the Hastaries of the first and second Legions shal make the front and the Hastaries of the third and fourth shall make the taile The Princes and Triaries of the first third Legions shall make the right side the Princes and Triaries of the second and fourth shall make the left side these two said sides when neede requireth shal turne the faces towards their two Regions to wit those vpon the right side towards the South those on the left side towards the North. All which fower Legions shall make one quadrant not that it shal be perfectly square forasmuch as it shal be a little more in length then in breadth for from the front vnto the taile there shal be a more space left then from the one side vnto the other which square or quadrant shal be ordred