Selected quad for the lemma: hand_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
hand_n	left_a	motion_n	pike_n	5,172	5	13.6686	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06967	The souldiers grammar containing, the high, necessarie, and most curious rules of the art militarie : as first, whether it be in great motions in generall? or foote motions especially?, or motions of horse, generall, or speciall?, the ranges of foote, or horse?, the ranges of officers, the seuerall imbattailings of foote, and horse, the imbattailing of a regiment, the ioyning of many regiments, or the forming of maine battailes, of any extent, or number, with their formes, and figures, in liuely demonstration, &c. / by G.M. ... ; vnto which, is added the Booke of postures, according to that which is ordered by the lords of His Maiesties most honorable Priuie Counsell.	Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.	1626 (1626)	STC 17391.5; ESTC S2808	26,181	63

vp and turne behinde their Leaders but they are mistaken and conceiue not rightly of the Author from whence they take their Instruction for this Motion rather looseth then gayneth ground and seemeth rather to retyre then charge But I leaue the reconcilement of the doubt to those of better Iudgement The next Motion is called the Macedonian Countermarch but from what ground it is not yet discussed As for the manner of the Motion it is in this wise The File leaders all turne about their Faces and all the rest with the Bringers vp goe against them on the right or left hand and passing on to the Ground before the Front of the Battalia place themselues in order one after another according as the File-leaders haue turned their Faces making a shew vnto the Enemy as if they were retyring or running away which inticing the enemy to pursue is of most singular vse to make him leaue and forsake any place or ground of aduantage Others take this Motion to bee the Macedonian Countermarch when the File-leader turneth about his face and the rest passing by him on the right or left Hand place themselues orderly one behinde another And here is to be noted that all these Countermarches already spoken of may as well be done by Ranks as by Fyles and both to the right or left hand entirely or to both by deuision or both by Conuersion as in the former Examples The next Motion is the doubling of Rankes either to the Right or Left Hand intirely as when the second Ranke marcheth into the first the fourth into the third the sixt into the fift and the eight into the seuenth and this Motion must be done very orderly beginning with the left foote and at three steps making perfect the doubling then when they are to be reduced to their first Forme againe to obserue that if they doubled to the right Hand then they must turne on the left hand to come to their first places againe and so contrary to the other as occasion shall serue or this Motion may be done to both hands by Deuision or to both hands by Conversion and to either Open Order Order or Close Order according to these examples Rankes vndoubled Rankes Doubled Thus you see Rankes doubled and vndoubled now there is another manner of doubling of Rankes and that is by the Middlemen or halfe Files when they Aduancing and leading vp their halfe Files brings the fift Ranke on which hand they are commanded being Middlemen to the Front into the first Ranke the sixt into the second the seuenth into the third and the eight in-into the fourth which are Middlemen vnto the Reare as you may see in this example Halfe Files vndoubled Halfe Files Doubled Now to reduce or bring these into their first place or forme the halfe Fyles which did ascend shall turne their Faces about and following the Reare or Bringer vp euery Man shall descend and come into his first place as he was before And when this Bodie shall againe be reduced into his first place then shall the Bringers vp or Reare with their halfe files turne their Faces about and the Ranke 5 shall fall behinde the Ranke 4 the Ranke 6 behind 5 the ranke 7 behind 6 and the ranke 8 being the Reare or Bringrs vp behind the ranke 7 and so euery Man is in his first place againe The next motion vnto these is Wheeling or Turning the whole Bodie of the Battalia to one or the other Hand or entirely round about or otherwise by Deuision to Wheele it to both Hands at once eyther in part or else Round about the generall manner of the Motion is thus First close your Files to the Right hand and your Rankes to the Swords poynt then make the Corner file Leader to the Right hand stand fast and then all the whole Bodie of the Battalia to mooue or Wheele about him as about a Center eyther halfe about or three parts about or else wholy and fully round about Now to reduce it to the first Posture or Station you shall command euery Man to turne his Face to the Left hand then Wheele the Bodie back againe till it come to its first Place and then open the Rankes downeward and the Fyles eyther to one or the other Hand at pleasure As thus you Wheele the whole Body to the one or the other Hand or entirely round about so you may wheele it to both Handes at once by Deuision eyther in part or round about according to pleasure And this is of singular Vse when the Horse shall come to Charge the Foote for by this Wheele you shall couer your Shotte safe and leaue your Pikes outmost to receyue the Charge Now this Wheele is to be made after an other manner for where before eyther the corner Man of the Right hand file or the Corner Man of the Left hand file was to stand fast and firme now all shall moue and onely the Middle Man in the Reare to the right Flanke and the middle Man in the Reare to the Left Flanke shall stand fast and vnmoued and all the rest of the two Deuided Bodies shall moue about them according to these Examples following The Battalia Vnwheeled The Battalia Wheeling The Battalia halfe Wheeled The Battalia Wheeled round about Thus you haue seene the manner of Wheeling with the seuerall Motions and Vses thereof The next Motion whereto foote Companies ought to be applyed is the Casting off of files or as some call it the Giuing of Fire by Flanke or in the Flanke and this motion of casting of Files is done diuers waies as first in Flanke then in Wing and lastly before the Front If you cast off files in flanke to the Right hand then the right hand file being readie to giue fire standeth still till the Bodie of the Battalia be marcht so far forward that the Reare or Bringers vp become euen with the Leader of the right hand file then that file so standing and prepared giueth fire altogether then presently march vp betwene the outmost file of Pikes on the right hand and the inmost file of Shotte then the second file of Shotte as the first doth stand still till the Bodie be marched by and then giue their Volley and then march vp as they first did betweene the outmost file of Pikes and the inmost file of Shotte as aforesaide And thus successiuely euery file of Shotte giueth their Volley that are conteyned in that right Wing which done wheele the whole Bodie about and bring the Left Wing to doe as much as the Right Wing and so Wing after Wing according to pleasure And this manner of casting of Files in Flanke is of excellent vse for the beating of Paces in Woods or Bogges also for the mayntaining of straight and narrow Waies for defence of Bridges and the like and that you may haue a better vnderstanding therein behold the figures following Files cast off in Flanke to the Right

of the Armie and what Extent of File the whole Armie Marcheth in the same Number and Proportion you shall keepe in your priuat Companie Which questionlesse at this day is the Number Tenn and no other both for the fittnesse of the Number in Discharging Dutie as also in that by the Number Tenn Euery Hundred Men make a perfect Square and so are the soonest and with the least trouble drawne into any Forme of Battaile that the prncipall Commander can desire Thus I haue shewed you the trne Extent of a File and the Impediments which hang vpon the alteration of Opinions wherein you are to vnderstand that in all Millitarie Motions there must be euer a certaine and Infallible grounde whereon to Builde the greater workes For where euerie thing is vncertaine there all things must needes be Confused Now in the Artt of Warr Rankes are vncertaine and doe consiste of Numbers accordinge to pleasure Companies are Imperfect Occationed by imployment Sicknesse Death or other Dissasters Regiments are more or lesse according to the goodnesse or badnesse of the Officers only the File is certaine and without Alteration So that from that Ground euerie good and great Commander vpon the first view can tell howe to shape and proportion any Battaile whatsoeuer This being then the concluding Maxime touching the true Extent and Quantitie of a File which is the Grounde or Foundation where vpon all great Battailes are Built We will now proceede to the seuerall Motions belonging to the Foote Companies of which the first and Principall is the drauing of Rude and Indigested Grosses into a faire orderlie and well proportioned Bodie and this must not in anie wise be done by Rankinge and Drawinge forthe of Rankes for that is rude and vn-souldier like because Ranks haue no certainty nor hold any constant Number So that no man taking a rude heape of confused men which number he knoweth not can tell how many Rankes they will containe and keepe the Files certaine therefore to put these men in Order it must be done by Filing and not Ranking euery File of one and the same Weapon being drawne out File after File and then ioyned and formed into one grosse Body according to the pleasure of the Commander And in this drawing vp of Bodies is to bee considered the composition or parts whereof euery File must consist that is to say the principall and first man of euery File is called the Leader or Captaine of the File hee leadeth then followeth him three of Inferiour degree the first man is called the middle man to the Reare or a Leader of halfe files to the Reare the sixth man is called the middle-man to the Front or leader of the halfe file to the Front then after them three other inferiour followers and lastly the Reare or Bringer vp So that euery File consisteth of foure men of eminence and desert as the Leader the Bringer vp the Middle-man to the Front and the Middle-man to the Reare and sixe inferiour followers or attendants as by this example you shall see more plainely Single Files Files in a Body The next Motion after the drawing vp of confused Numbers into an vniforme is the closing and opening of Fyles or Rankes or both Fyles and Rankes at one instant And in this Motion is to be obserued true Distance or seperation of Place according to the will of the Commander because it is a Motion that only consisteth in distance The next is a Motion in Forme and that also consisteth of Fyles or Rankes seuerally or of both Fyles and Rankes ioyntly in one instant And this is doubling of Fyles or Rankes If doubling of Fyles it is according to this example Fyles vndoubled Fyles dubled to the Right Hand These Fyles being eight in Number are doubled to the Right Hand the outermost or corner Man of the Rght Hand standing still and making good both his owne Place and all the rest of his Fyle and the next Man on his Left Hand passing behind him and so successiuely the whole second Fyle passing as the first behind the first Fyle the fourth Fyle behind the third Fyle the sixth behind the fifth the eight behind the seuenth and so they stand doubled as in the Example before shewed where eight Fyles are brought into foure and the depth of ten brought into the depth of twentie And in this doubling is to be obserued by those which remooue and passe behind the other that if it be to the Right Hand then he is first to come about round with his Left Foote then step forward with his Right Foote behind his Leader that must be and then bring on his Left Foote and place his Body euen so that by these three Motions the action shall be performed in perfection And thus as you double Fyles to the Right Hand so you may also double them to the Left Hand vsing euerie Motion in a contrary manner that is to say where the Right hand Man did before stand firme and the Left hand Man did moue now the Left hand Man must stand firme and the Right hand Man must remoue and as before the Left foote did first come about so now the Right foote must and when they shall be reduced back againe to their first Place or Station then it is to be obserued that they must in three Stepps or Motions recouer their former Places remouing first the Left foote if the double were to the Right hand and the Right foote if the double were made to the Left hand The next Motion being also a Motion in Forme is the aduancing of Fyles which is also a doubling though after another manner For in this aduancing of Fyles if it be to the Right hand then the Right hand File standeth still and the Leader of the next file vnto it doth advance before the Right hand file and his whole file following him in true order and distance they all aduance till the Bringer vp or Reare Man stand iust before the Leader of the Right hand file which standeth still and moueth not then the fourth file aduanceth before the third the sixth before the fifth and the eight before the seauenth and so forth till euery other file haue aduanced in the whole Battalia And in like manner if the Aduancement be made to the Left hand then those which stood still when the Aduancement was to the Right hand shall moue and they which did moue shall now stand still as by these Examples doth more plainely apeare Fyles Vnaduanced Fyles Aduanced Thus you see how Fyles are to be Aduanced eyther to the Right hand or to the Left wherein is to be obserued that howsoeuer I speake of files to be aduanced distinctly one after another yet the Motion is to be don entirely of one mouing file at one instant And thus if you please you may Aduance so oft that you may bring a whole Battalia into one single file Now for reducing them into

their first forme or body againe the Word As you were being giuen euery mouing file that did Aduance shall turne Faces about and so march back to their first places and as thus you aduance eyther to the Right or Left hand at one instant So you may also at one instant aduance both to the Right and Left hand by deuision making the second file aduance before the first the fourth before the third the seuenth before the eight the fyfth before the sixth And as thus in aduancing so also in doubling of files as you double to the Right or Left hand so you may double to both the Right and Left hand at one instant by deuision the second file passing behind the first the fourth behind the third then the seuenth behind the eight and the fifth behind the sixth Now here by the way there may a scruple arise that for as much as numbers may vary and that all bodies hold not one euen or iust content or Number that then in case there be an odd file how then shall the bodie be doubled To this I answere that if you happen to haue an odde file then looke to what hand you double vnto then the outmost file to the contrary hand shall stand and keepe his place firme without doubling at all as if you double to the Right hand then the Left hand file stands fast and vndoubled or if you double to the Left hand then the Right hand file stands fast and vndoubled as by these examples plainely apeareth The odde Battalia Vudoubled The odde Battalia Doubled Thus you see how the odde Fyle standeth and is still preserued in euery Motion being still kept in its order both by the Leader and the Side-man and when so euer the Bodie is reduced into its first forme or Station then is it full and perfit as any other file what so euer The next necessary Motiō vnto the doublings and aduancing of files is the Countermarching of files which is also another Motion in forme And of Countermarching there are diuers kindes as first the ordinary Countermarch which is daily vsed amongst vs when so euer we march or turne the bodie of the Battalta too or fro and this Countermarch is called of some The Persian Countermarch because it was first in vse amongst them others call it the Cretan as taken from the Immitation of those Souldiers others call it the Choraean from Chorus which signifieth a Companie of which Companie there were certaine Dancers who in a Warlike Dance were the first beginners of this Motion This Motion is performed of the whole Battalia all at one instant the Leaders of the Fyles vpon the word giuen to which hand they shall Countermarch beginning the motion as thus If the Word be giuen to Countermarch to the Right hand then shall the Leaders of the Fyles at one instant steppe one steppe forward with the Right foote then bringing the Left foote and the Bodie round about to the Right hand and so march downe through the distance betweene the Fyles till they come to the Reare where the Bringer-vp stood and there they shall make a Stand And in this Motion euery Leader shall obserue his Right hand Man that they may keepe their Front whole and vndismembred because the least disorder in this Motion is the ouerthrow disgrace of the whole Bodie and as these Leaders begin and conduct in this orderly manner so shall all the rest of euery File obseruing true Place and Distance follow with as great care and seuerity euery Man obseruing his Leader and his Right hand Man and that by no meanes they offer to turne till they haue made good the first place where the Fyle Leaders did turne and so keeping their Rankes euen and iust the Motion will be exceeding comely as by this Example apeareth A Battaila in Countermarch to the Right Hand The Battalia after the Counter march Now as they doe thus Countermarch to the Reare so they may if the Commander please countermarch backe to the Front againe without intermission and so as oft and as farre as the Commander pleaseth Now in this Countermarch it would bee obserued that the Files should euer be well opened as at the open Order of sixe foote at the least as for the Ranks they may be either at Order or close Order vnlesse they consist of Shot and then they may not march straighter then the Order of three foot because otherwise it will incumber them and take from them the vse of their Weapons and as thus the Countermarch is made to the right or left Hand entirely so it may bee made both to the right and left Hand by diuision as hath beene shewed before in other motions And this Countermarch is of singular vse for it chargeth the Enemy standing it chargeth him Marching and it chargeth him retyring besides it bringeth euery hand to fight and suffereth none to loose duty The next Countermarch is that which is called the Lacedemonians Countermarch as being first receiued from their example and it is of singular vse in charging of the enemie in making of approaches and in gaining of ground of aduantage and though at first the Ancients found it out for their light Armed which were their Slings Darts Crosse-bowes and Long-bowes Yet now with vs it is found of most excellent vse for our Shot and not vnnecessary for the Pikes and other short Weapons for execution because it bringeth forward euery hand in the Charge and suffereth none to loose duty neither doe they at any time stand or slacke in their Charge but still aduance and goe forward till they haue attained the ende of their purpose The manner of this Nation is thus the first Ranke or Leaders of the Files of Shot doe present and giue fire then stand and the second Ranke passing either to the right or left Hand according to commandement aduance before the first Ranke couering them both in order and distance then the third Ranke aduanceth and couereth the second the fourth the third and so foorth in an orderly charge till the Bringer vp or Reare be brought and made the Front and so as occasion shall serue to continue still till the ende of Commandment Now for the Pikes or short Weapons they shall not need to aduance one Ranke before another but shall keepe their constant March with their Pykes aduanced ported or shouldered euen still with the first Ranke of Shot till they come to encounter and charge the Enemy and then at pleasure and as occasion shall serue they may couer one another and bring euery seuerall hand to the pushe till the last be first and the first last as by this Example doth plainely appeare The Battalia before the Countermarch The Countermarch performed There be others which would haue this Lacedemonian Countermarch in an other maner which is for the first Ranke to Face to the Reare then the second Ranke and so all the rest of the Body to march

Hand Here you see the File 1. standeth still and hauing giuen their Volley are to retreat betweene the File 4. and the file 3. then the file 2. standeth still and hauing giuen their Volley retreat betweene the file 4. and the file 1. then the file 3. standeth still and hauing giuen their Volley retreate betweene the file 4. and the file 2. and then the whole wing is as it was at the first 1.2.3 now as thus you may cast off the files to both Hands making the file 10. to stand and the Volley giuen to retreate betweene the file 8. and the file 7. then the file 9. to stand and the Volley giuen to retreate betweene the file 7. and the file 10. then the file 8. to stand and the volley giuen to retreat betweene the file 7. and the file 9. So then the body is brought againe to his first forme 8.9.10 Now for the casting of Files in Wing you must draw foorth the File 1. on the right hand and the file 10. on the left hand in the manner of Wings and hauing giuen their Volley shall stand still till the reare bee aduanced and then the file 1. shall retreat betweene the file 4. and the file 3. and the file 10. shall retreat between the file 7. and the file 8. as in the former example and so the rest of the files one after another this example appeareth Files cast off in Wings Lastly there are Files cast off before the Front of the Battalia after this manner Files cast off before the Front Here as you see the file 1. to the right Hand is drawne before the Front who as soone as they haue giuen fire shall turne their faces to the right hand and following the Bringer vp shall make retreate betweene the files 4 and 3. and there couer themselues till they haue made ready againe Then shal be drawn forth before the Front the file 10 to the left Hand who after they haue giuen fire shall turne faces to the left Hand and retreat betweene the files 8. and 7. then shall bee drawne out the file 2. to the right Hand which hauing giuen fire turne faces as before to the right Hand and then retreate betweene the files 4 and 1. Likewise in the same manner the file 9 is drawne out to the left Hand and hauing giuen fire turne their faces and retreate between the files 7 and 10. and thus successiuely one after another you shall drawe foorth euery file of Shot first on the right Hand then on the left till the seruice be accomplished and thus much of the casting off the files There is yet an other Motion of the foote which is worthy obseruation and that is opening and closing of Rankes and Files wherein is to be noted as I haue shewed in the Accidence that Rankes when they open to any Order whatsoeuer ought for the most part to open downeward by turning Face about and descending till they come to the distance commanded and then to turne Faces as they were but when they close to any Order it must euer be done vpward towards the Front 〈◊〉 Files when they open or close must euermore doe it to the right or left Hand or to both in this manner If you giue the word of Command plainely and barely without any implication or addition thus Open your File to Open Order c. or to any other Order then shall the two Middle Men to the two Flankes standing in the middest of the Front open the one from the other according to the distance appointed and their whole Files shall follow them in an euen line then the rest of the File-leader shall open from these Middle men one halfe to the right hand the other to the left till the whole Battalia bee opened according to Commandment as you may see by this example Files opened from the Middle-men And as thus you open if the Word be giuen in one and the selfe same manner so likewise you must close your Files the Middleman first ioyning with their Files then after all the rest of the File-leaders with their files to both hands till the Commandment be fulfilled But if the Word of Command bee giuen Files to the right hand open to open Order c. or to any Order else then shall the right Hand File-leader with his file and so successiuely euery other File-leader with their files shall open after the Right Hand Man till the Command be perfited and as thus you open so you must also close and as you open or close to the right Hand so you must open or close to the left Hand when the Word of Command is giuen to that purpose Diuerse other Motions there be belonging to the Foote Companies as the turning of Faces to either Hand or about the forme whereof is express almost in euery figure before shewed Also the Charging to any Hand to the Front to the Reare or to all at an instant of which I shall haue cause to speake more amply in anoother place Therefore at this time these already expressed shall serue for the Motions of the Foote Company CHAP. 3. Of the seuerall Motions which belong vnto Horse Or Horse Troopes THe Motions of Horse are diuers according to the opinion of the Auntients and to these Moderne times also as you may perceiue by my Accidence wherein I haue set you downe the seuerall words of command belonging to euery Motion of Horse now in vse all which are so neere a kinne to the Foote Motions that I hold it needelesse to repeate them ouer heere againe but referre those which desire to learne those generall Motions to the Accidence and to those Motions of Foote which are already specified and set downe in this Grammer I will now proceed to those other Motions and Imbattaylings of Horse which being more difficult and strange doth more amase the minde of the industrious Learner and are harder attayned vnto by Discourse without some playner Demonstration First therefore the generall Motions of Horse at this day wherein the Launce the Light Staffe and the Snort Pistoll are taken away and onely the Long Pistoll and Dragoone in vse are conteyned in Trooping Discouering Charging Wheeling and Retyring and all these are done eyther by whole Bodies by Parts or Deuisions by many files few files or single files And herein you are to call to minde as I haue shewed in the Accidence that as the Rankes of Horse are compounded of vncertaine Numbers so the file must euer be constantly sixe Deepe being compounded of a Leader a Follower two Middlemen a Follower and a Bringer vp or the Reare Man according to this demonstration 0 Leader 1 Follower 0 Middle Man 0 Middle Man 1 Follower 0 Bringer vp Thus you see the Contents and forme of a Horse file from which certainty and true knowne Ground euery skilfull Commander may builde vp any Bodie that he pleaseth whereas if both Ranke and Fyle should be

Reare and the Chiefe or Leader thereof is called the Liuetenant Generall Two Reares being 32000. Men is called the Maine Battaile and the Cheife or Leader thereof is called the King or Generall who hath also supreame Authoritie ouer all the whole Armie how great or puissant soeuer Thus you haue seene the true Range of Footemen and their Leaders according to their Numbers It now resteth that I shew you the true Range of their Weapons In the Auntient Times the Light Armed which were Bowmen Darters and Slingers had the Vantguard and were the first beginners of Fight and Skyrmish for by their Darts and Arrowes they prouoked the Enemie to breake their Rankes and ouerthrew and killed many in their approaches they galled and repulsed the Horse much and indeede were euer the first Authors of Victorie and as thus they sometimes placed them in the Front so at other times they had their places in the Flankes and sometimes in the Reare But the generall and most certaine Range which they held was euer betwene the Armed Pikes The first file of the Light Armed behinde the first file of the Armed the second file of the Light Armed behind the second file of the Armed and so consequently to leuie all the Armed Menne through the whole Batttalia yet the file of the Light Armed shall be but halfe the number of the Armed and these Battailes shall be drawne into diuers Deuisions But this Range of Weapons agreeth not without Discipline at this day for our Battailes consisting only of armed Pikes Muskatiers and a fewe short weapons they are raunged in this manner when they march into the Field they march Company after Company single of themselues without any mixture and in this march of single Companies the Muskatiers are deuided into two parts the one part hath the Vanguard the other hath the Reare and the Pikes march in the midst vpon the head whereof is the Ensigne and about it the short weapons as Halberd Partizans or the like if the Company haue any when they are come into the Field then is euery Regiment drawn vp into a Body by it selfe whereof all the Pikes are drawne into an entire body by themselues and the Shott deuided into two Bodies whereof one halfe Wingeth vp the right Hand of the Pikes and the other halfe wingeth vp the left hand of the Pikes The Ensignes stand still on the head or within a Ranke and the short weapons of execution about them for guard These Regiments are drawne into the Battaile according to the pleasure of the Lord Marshall or Serieant Maior Generall The Horsemen are the Wings which troope on each side of the Battaile keeping the distance of halfe a Furlong at least from either side of the Shot The great Ordance or Artilery are drawne from the two outmost poynts of the Battaile a pretty distance from the Vantguard and extend themselues wider and and wider frō the Battaile being drawe at length in a single File their Carriage prouision and Munision being drawn neere vnto them and the Regiment belonging to the Master of the Ordnance following closse about them as a sure Defence wall or guard And thus you haue the full Range of the Foote Battaile and how it is disposed CHAP. 5. Of the seuerall Ranges of the Horse and how they are Ordered and Compounded THe Horse-Troopes in the Ancient and first times had no one certaine Range or place in the Battaile but according to the humors and opinions of their Generals so they were altered and carried vp and downe to seueral places of Commandment Aelian saith that in some Battailes within his own memorie and knowledge the Horse Troopes were Ranged after the light Armed yet doth not constantly stand vpon the allowance of that Range but saith that although they were ranged after the Light-armed yet other places might be more conuenient and this range might be altered at the pleasure of the General or vpon any necessary occasion where Victories stood doubtfull others of the Ancients as at sometimes the Macedonians now and then the Romans but many times the Thebans Thessalians haue ranged their Troops of Horse in the Reare of the armed Battailes and good successe hath many times issued thereof the Rangers of such Battailes haue returned Victors Others of the Auntients and especially Alexander himselfe Craterus and most of the worthiest Macedonians haue ranged their Horse Battailes vpon the right and left Winges of the maine Armie and indeed these Places are most probable and best agreeing with our present Discipline To come then to the Range of the Horse Battaile as it is vsed at this day you must vnderstand that it varyeth foure seuerall waies two in the Range of the Curaseires two in the Range of the Harquebuseires or Dragoones The Curaseires haue two seuerall Ranges the one in ordinary trooping the other in a formed Battaile In an ordinary Troope where the whole Battaile mooueth the first day the Troope and Regiment belonging to the Generall troopeth formost and hath the leading of the Poynt After him troopeth the Troope and Regiment of the Lord Marshall and after him euery Colonell and his Regiment according to his Antiquitie The next day the Lord Marshall and his Regiment hath the leading of the Poynt or Vauntguard and the Generall hath the Reare the Eldest Colonell succeedeth the Lord Marshall and so the rest of the Colonells and their Regiments after him according to Antiquitie The third day the Eldest Colonell hath the Poynt or Vantguard and the Lord Marshall hath the Reare after the Generall and thus alternately euery Colonell shall change his Place haue the leading of the Poynt or Vauntguard according to the seuerall daies of trooping there being no intermission or stay of many daies betweene the seuerall remooues And as thus the Chiefe and Superior Cōmanders doe remooue and alter their Places so shall the Inferior Commanders of euerie Regiment doe the like the Colonell hauing the principall place the first day the Liuetenant Colonell the second day the Sergeant Maior the third day and so euery Captaine after according to his Antiquitie in which order no Commander looseth Dignitie but hath his seuerall day of Glory and as much preheminence as the Generall or any other Commander whatsoeuer Now if it come to a formed Battaile then the Ranges change and the Regiments are drawne vp into one whole and entire Bodie in which drawing vp of Regiments this order is to be obserued that euery perticular Troope shall duely keepe their two distances that is to say Open Order in their Rankes and Close Order in their Files then betwixt Company and Company in euery Regiment shall be the space of 25. foote that thereby they may be the better distinguished and the sooner drawne foorth and imployed in any needefull place as the Superior Commanders shall thinke good This Order and Distance being obserued Regiments are to be brought into maine Bodies eyther Square Long Tryangular or Dyamond according to the

fullnesse of perfection And Fourthly and lastly the knowledge of the Beatings of the Drumbe by which the Soldier taketh notice of euery Command when the sound of Mans voice is drowned or obscured It now seemeth good vnto me and I hope it will yeeld a generall profite to the whole Kingdome to fixe vnto the aforesayd Accidence a Grammar or Introductiō into more higher necessary and more subtile and curious Rules of the Art Mylitary whereby the younger Schollers may be enabled to proceed and goe forward in the greater and more hidden secrets of the Arte and the elder or better experienced Men of Warre may eyther finde Solutions for such doubtes as shall incumber them Or else matter whereon to worke and make their owne more singular Inuentions and Applications more wholesome for the common vse and more pleasing to their owne Studies and Labours The first thing therefore which I hold most necessary to Intreate of in this Grammar is of Great Motions in generall Because according to the Opinion of the Auncients These Military Motions are the Life of an Armie and only giue meanes of Victorie and without which all preparation of Forces are vaine and auaileth nothing in the Field nor to the end for which they were Leuied Since then Motion is of this inestimable reputation the labor cannot be misimployed which bringeth any luster or explanation vnto the same Of the Smaller Motions I haue spoken somewhat already in the Accidence As of Fileing Rancking Returning to the first Posture Countermarching Doubling and such like so far foorth as they appertayne to euery single Person or to the parts and members of a priuate Companie which we call Squadrons or Camerados But now I am to intreat of the Greater Motions which belong to Regiments Battalias and the whole Bodie of an Armie Neyther in the discourse of these things are you to expect much alteration of wordes or sence but only the application of them vnto the Greater and more infinite Bodies from whence they take the denomination of the Greater Motions The Gretians as Aelian and his Schollars doe reckon vp nineteene seuerall Great Motions to which they giue especiall Names and Titles The First they call Clisis which is a Turning to eyther Hand The Second Metabole which we call Turning about The Third Perispasmos which we call Wheeling about The Fourth Epistrophe which we call a Wheeling eyther to the one or the other Hand but not entire or about The Fifth Anastrophe which we call a Returning of the Wheele vnto the First Posture or Station where it stood before it was mooued or Wheeled to eyther Hand The Sixth Ecperispasmos which we call a treble or threefold Wheeling carrying the Battalia three parts about but not wholy and entire The Seuenth Plagiophalanx or the Broade Fronted Phalange which we call the Broad Fronted Battalia which hath the Length much exceeding the Depth The Eight Orthiophalanx which we call the Deepe Battalia or Herse Battayle which is a Battayle drawne out in Wing and hauing the Depth much exceeding the Length The Ninth Phalange Loxe which we call an Vneuen Fronted Battalia because one of the Winges which is thought fittest is euer drawne forth before the other and as a Forlorne beginneth the Fight against the Enemy till opportunity serue that the whole Battayle may Ioyne with greater aduantage and assurance The Tenth Parembole which we call Insertion being a Drawing vp of the Souldiers before then taking off the Hindermost we Ranke them within the distances of the First The Eleuenth Protaxis which we call Fore-Fronting as when we place eyther the Light-Armed or other Loosse Shotte before the Front of the Battayle and make them Fore-standers or beginners of the Skyrmish The Twelfth Epitaxis which we call an After placing or Attending on the Reare so that if the Enemie shall Charge behind yet are the Light-Armed in readinesse and prepared to giue their Volleys being placed so behind the Reare as the other before the Front for a singular helpe and anoyance The Thirteenth Prostaxis which we call a Ioyning of Bodies together by adding to eyther of the Flankes or to both entirely any new Supply of Men eyther from the Reare of the same Battalia or otherwise from any other remooued Bodie or Regiment whereby the Front of the Battayle is increased The Fourteenth Entaxis which we call Insition or Inserting as when we draw the Light-Armed or Loose vnguarded Shotte within the spaces of the Fyles and Rankes of the Armed Battalia so as they may be free from danger and yet notwithstanding euer readie to deliuer their Vollies in the face of the Enemies be they Foote or Horse as they shall giue their aproaches The Fifteenth Hypotaxis which we call Double Winging as when we draw the Light-Armed or Loose Shott only within the Armed Winges of the Battalia and not into the Entire Bodie and placing them in such an Embowed forme that the whole forme or figure thereof may resemble a threefold Gate or Doore The sixteenth we call an Induction or a Right Induction as when one Bodie or Battalia of one and the same kinde in forme and proportion followeth one another and so the March of Motion stretcheth out it selfe into the manner or forme of a Wing hauing the Depth much exceeding the Length And this kind of Battayle or Right Induction may consist eyther of a Single Bodie as when but one Enemie is feared or of a Double Bodie as when two are expected or of a Treble when three are on foote or of a Quadruple when the Enemie purposeth to giue on all sides The Seauenteenth Paragoge which we call Deduction is when a Battalia mooueth in a Wing not by File but by Ranke hauing the File-leaders on the Right-hand which is called a Right Deduction or on the Left Hand which is called a Left Hand Deduction And this Bodie or Battalia also Marcheth as the former eyther in a Single Double Treble or Quadruple Deuision according to the feare they apprehend of the Enemie and the aduantage of the place ground vpon which they march and mooue The Eighteenth Amphistomus which we call the Two Fronted Battayle and looketh vpon the Enemy two seuerall wayes that is to say by an euen and lust Deuision in the midst of an equall conuersion of the two parts The Middle-men or Halfe-fyle men are turned back to back and those in the Front and Reare make two equall Fronts and brauely Aduance against the Enemie and this kinde of Motion is excellent against Horse The Nineteenth Antistomus which wee also call a Two Fronted Battayle and differeth only from the former but in this that as the Two Fronted Battayle Amphistomus is Fronted by the Front and the Reare so this Two Fronted Battayle Antistomus is Fronted by the two Flanks the Right flanke and the Left and the Motion hath the like vse and perfection which the former hath being generally applyed for the Encounter of Horse Diuers other particular Motions

incertaine and at pleasure there would then be no Ground for any thing but euerything would be confused according to the phantast quenesse of Opinion When you haue therefore drawne your Horse Troop into Rankes and Files which you must doe file after file till euerie Man be placed according to the order not according to the fashiō of our ignorant Commanders whom I haue heard at the first gathering of a Bodie together to command the Men to Ranke three fiue seuen or as fancie leades them for this is most absurde and vnproper because Rankes are and may be of vncertaine Number so that ranking at hap hazard it is almost impossible that the files should fall out euen whose Number must not be changed and so a new worke to begin which at the first might better haue bene finished But to my purpose againe When you haue drawne vp the Bodie of the Horse in true Files and Rankes and hauing euerie Officers readie for his due Place as Captaine Liuetenant Cornet Trumpets and Corporalls You shall then according to the Figure or Example following in the next Page Troope into the Field eyther for Seruice or other Exercise A Troupe of an Hundred Horse Trouping into the Field with their Officers The Former Troope drawne vp into a firme body either for Seruice or Exercise with all the Officers Thus you haue seen the maner of Trooping into the Field with al the Officers of a priuat troop and how they are deuided into foure Deuisions The first or head being lead by the Captaine the second Diuision by the Cornet the third by the eldest Corporall the fourth by the second Corporall the Reare or hindmost being brought vp by the Lieutenant the two yongest Corporalls are extrauagant and ride vp and downe on both sides to see the whole Body keepe their true Order The Trumpets if their bee more then one the Edest troopes vpon the Head next after the Captaine and the second troopeth in the Reare two Rankes before the Lieutenant if there bee three the third soundeth before the Cornet Now for the drawing of this Troope into a firme Body for Seruice or Exercise the Captaine hauing found conuenient ground maketh a stand with his Deuision and the Cornet bringeth vp his Deuision on the left Hand the Captaines placing himselfe vpon the left File of his owne Deuision then the eldest Corporall bringeth vp his Deuision on the left hand the Cornet and as soone as they are ioyned hee departeth himselfe to the outside of the right Wing to see that true Order and Distance bee kept then the second Corporall bringeth vp his Deuision on the left Hand the eldest Corporalls and himselfe departeth to the outside of the left Wing to see that true Order and Distance be kept For now all Corporalls are extrauagant and all the Trumpets ascend to the head and Troope next behinde the Captaine and before the Cornet the eldest Trumpet taking the right hand and so the rest according to antiquitie This Body or Square Battalia is of all other the best and most sure for all manner of Seruice and may the easiliest be reduced and brought to any other forme that Inuention can finde out and with this Body you may eyther Charge entirely and wholy at once or you may deuide it and Charge sundrie waies or else by drawing out two or three or more Fyles skirmish on euery side the Foote Battaile and put them to much anoyance There is another forme of Imbattailing the Horse which is called the Horsemans-Wedge and it is drawne vp into the forme of this Figure or Example following The Horsemans Wedge This Wedge Charging poynt-wise vpon the Foote seeketh to disfeue and breake the Front whereby getting an entrance they put all into Route and confusion which the Footemen perceiuing they haue no meanes of safety but eyther by maine strength to repulse them or else to deuide their Body in the midst into two parts and to giue the Horse a free and thorow passage which foote Battaile so deuided is called the Battalia Antistomus There is an other Battalia of Horse which is called the Rhombe of Horse and it is proportioned according to this Figure and is of great vse hauing in euery corner a Leader The Rhombe This Horsmans Rhombe was first found out in Thessalia and thence brought in great practise through the benefite thereof being able to passe through and to peirce any Foote battaile whatsoeuer and is only to be opposed by that Foote Battalia which is called Menoides or Cressent and in forme of an Halfe Moone whose Winges being stretched out by the Leaders the middle part is imbowed and bent to inuyron and wrappe in the Horse Men as they Charge and so put them to Route and Disorder and therefore in this case are to keepe aloofe off and not to come in but to plye their Pistolls till they see the Foote Battaile stagger and fall into disorder Another Rhombe of fiue Square This Rhombe of fiue in Square doth not Ranke but onely Fileth and is of equall vse with the former Rhombe and is as necessarie for our Pistolers in these daies as it was in times past for the Crossebow Men and other Archers and Dart Casters on Horse backe There is no Foote Battaile more excellent to oppose then as that which is called of the Auntient Epicampios Emprosthia which as the Halfe Moone carrieth a circular hollownesse so this carrieth a square hollownesse as you may see in this Figure The Foote Battaile Epicampios The end or purpose to which this foote Battaile is framed is to beguile and ouerreach the Pistoleirs eyther by inticing them into the voyd or emptic place of the Battalia as they Charge in furie and vpon the Spurre or else by disordering their Horses with their Winges and so driue them into an vtter confusion This Battalia makes shew but of a small number because the Deuisions lie hid and couered and so much apter to be mistaken for the Winges which are the least number are only apparent to the eye the Bodie which is three times more is hardly discerned so that if the Winges preuaile the Conquest is sure if they faile they may easily retire into the maine Bodie and make a powerfull resistance There is another Horse Battaile which is square in Figure but not in Horse being eleuen in Ranke and but sixe in file which is called of the Auntients a Tetragonall Horse Battaile this is a very strong Battaile as all square Battailes are and our Fore fathers did affect it much and we at this day finde it of great vse for our Pistoleirs both for the strength and the ready framing thereof there is no Battaile on foote to oppose it but that which is called Embolos or the Wedge of Foore which is framed of Foote Men as the former Wedge was made of Horse Men all the outsides consisting of Armed Pikes and the Lynings within of Shotte Also the front of this Foote Wedge consisteth

nature of the ground and the fashion of the Enemies Battaile for therein is the aduantage Now for the true Range the Generall hath euer the Vauntguard which is the right Wing of the Battaile and the Lord Marshall hath the second Vauntguard which is the Poynt of the left Wing of the Battaile For here is to be vnderstood that when Battailes of Foote are drawne vp and formed then the Battaile of Horse is deuided and extended forth in length acording to the number of the Regiments which as Wings stretching themselues foorth from the two points of the right and left hand battaile of Foot are as a Wall or defense betwixt the Enemy the Foot Army being to Charge vpon all aduantages to defend the Ordnance great Artillerie when it shal be Assaulted or ingaged or otherwise to keep the Carriage Munition and baggage from the pillage of the Enemy or other defeiture For the range of the Colonels they take their places according to Antiquity the eldest Colonell secondeth the Generall the third the Lord Martiall and so according to Antiquitie their Regiments doe troope either on the one or the other hand all things being ordered according to Dignitiy and Antiquity Now whereas a question may be demanded touching the place of the Quartermaster were he shall range himselfe I thus resolue it That if the Quarter-master who is a necessary dependant vpon euery Horse Regiment haue no troope of Horse as seldome or neuer they haue then his range or place is euer to troope with the Collonels Lieutenant and the Commissary or Prouost of euery Regiment with the Liuetenant Collonels Liueteuant or otherwise at his pleasure extrauagantly in any other inferior place of the Regiment Againe here is to be noted in the generallitie of the Army where Horse and Foote are mixed together or whensoeuer they shall meet either in publicke Court or priuate Counsell that the Commander of Horse hath priority of place before the Commander of Foot And howsoeuer some opinions would sway to the contrary preferring Number before Vertue yet it is most certaine that in all Courts of Warre the Horseman hath the first place a Collonell of 500. Horse preceeding a Collonell of 1000. Foot A Captaine of 100. Horse takes place before a Captaine of 200. Foot c. Antiquity in this place being no let but the Dignity carried according to the Honor of the Command the Nobility of the number Now next vnto these Curasheirs are the Harquebusheirs who at this day and in this present Discipline stand for the Light Horse these likewise haue two seuerall Ranges the one in their ordinary Trooping and the other when they come to be drawne vp into ordinary or extraordinary Bodies For the ordinarie Trooping it is eyther when they Troope into the Fielde to receiue Directions or else troope forth as Vantcurreers and Dicouerers of all Impediments that may happen to the Army for these are they which Scower the Coast and preuent Ambuscadoes they make good Ryuers Bridges and all straight Passages and albe their trooping is loose and disbanded holding no strickt or curious forme eyther in Ranke or file nor any certainety in Pace or Motion but sometimes galloping sometimes trotting sometimes standing still as danger or discouerie shall giue way to their proceedings yet doe they troope most commonly in Regiments the Vauntguard being led eyther by the Colonell himselfe or some other Officer in Chiefe who being better acquainted with the places they goe to discouer hath this Authority cast vpon him and Rangeth himselfe in the Front which is the greatest Place of eminence As the Colonell or chiefe Officer thus taketh the First Place so the Liuetenant Colonell taketh the Second and so the rest of the Captaines successiuely according to their antiquity These are the ordinary Scoutes Watchmen and Sentinells and if it be in Campe their guard is euer without the Verge of the Campe and if it be in a Walled Towne Citty or Garrison their guard is without the walles of the Citty and their Quarter in the Suburbes there are Dependants on the Lord Marshall and take directions from his Commands and thus much for the Range of Horsemen FINIS Motiues to the Worke. Motions vsed in the olde Warres Diuers other Motions The Authors plainenesse In what Motions consist Of Distances The Ancient and the Moderne Author reconcil'd The ground of all Motions The drawing of Grosses into order Of single Files Of closing and opening The manner of performing the Motion Aduancing of Files Reducing thē to their first forme Of Countermarching The Lacedemonian countermarch The Macedonian Countermarch Doubling of Rankes Halfe Files as they were Bringers vp As they were Of Wheeling Casting Files Of Opening and Cloasing Files opened or closed by the Middle-men Files opened or closed to any hand Other Motions The vse of Horse Motions An Horse File Drawing vp of a Horse Troope The Benefite of the square Bodie