heeles that march before Three foote in Ranke is when they come almost to the Swords poynt and twelue foote is the length of a Pike charged ever Next vnto distance of place is to be taught Marches and Motions and in teaching of Marches after euery man knowes his place and is willed to obserue his fyle and ranke In a plaine March there is no hardnesse nor yet in a Counter-march if the Leaders of the fyles be well chosen and that every man obserue well him that goes next before him Besides if there be any little disorder the Officers keeping a good eye and being every one of them in their due place will easily reforme it Now for the places of the Officers they are these The head of the Troope or Band is for the Captaine and the Reare for the Lieutenant except it be in a Retrayt and then the Captaine should be in the Reare and the Lieutenant at the Head The Ensigne in an ordinary Battalia vpon the head behinde the Captaine or within a Ranke thereof But marching in an extended Battayle then in the heart or midst of the Pikes The Drummes are in a square Battalia to beate before the right and left wings But in an extended Battayle the eldest Drumme shall beate before the third and fourth ranke of Shot which followeth next after the Captaine The second Drumme shall attend the Ensigne and the third if there be so many in one Companie shall beate betweene the third and fourth Ranke of Shot which marcheth in the Reare next before the Lieutenant The Phiphes if there be more then one the eldest shall march with the eldest Drumme and the second shall attend on the Ensigne The Sergeants are extravagantly to march on each side the Company and to see the Souldiers keepe their Rankes and Fyles according to the Captaines appoyntment as also to listen and performe any direction that shall come from the Captaine or other Officer in chiefe as also vpon any occasion to leade loose and disbanded fyles of Shot in Skirmish or els devisions of Pykes or Shot in ordinary Marches where superior Officers are absent Now to these Marches are added the teaching of Motions because there are many such that are not Marches at all As some without changing of place in onely turning of their faces to the right hand or the left or about that is to say the meere contrary way to that they were at the Command giuen which is necessarie if the enemy should charge of either side or behinde Some motions there are which change place But yet no more then a remouing from one Ranke to another or from one File to another when as commonly though some doe remoue yet others stand still and these kinde of Motions are doubling of Rankes or Fyles whereby the Battalia is made broader or longer as the Enemy or the ground you haue causeth you to make your Flankes Fronts Rankes or Files greater or lesser And here is to be noted in this doubling of Rankes or Fyles that Rankes when they double to the right hand must ever turne to the left hand to come to their former places againe and if they be doubled to the left hand they must turne on the right hand to come to their first places againe And Fyles when they are doubled to any hand by the doubling of Rankes to the contrary hand they are brought to their first places againe And so having doubled your Rankes to any hand by the doubling of Fyles to the contrary hand you also bring them to their first places againe There is also to be taught another Motion in which all doe moue and yet none doe march which is the Opening and Closing either of Rankes or Fyles and is of vsâ— not onely when you would haue one Ranke passe through another or the whole Body of the Battalia make a counter-march but when we would draw the Battayle quickly and in order more of one hand or other In teaching the Souldier how to know the sounds or Beatings of the Drumme you must make them obserue not onely what the Drum doth beat as whether it be a Call a March a Troope a Battalia a Charge a Retrait a Batterie a Reliefe and so forth but also what time he keepes for euer according to the measure of time the Souldier is to march slower or faster to charge with greater violence or to come off with greater speede also he shall know when by the Drum to attend his Captaines directions when to repayre to his Colourâ— and when to doe other duties And many other beatings as occasion shall administer and as by the sound of the Drum you doe teach your Souldiers to march so by the voice at their first instruction you shall teach them all other motions To make them therefore perfect in these and all other Motions it is good to vse them to some certaine words which being once learnedâ— will serue for direction and they must bee the wordesâ— now most in vse in our English Armies The words which are now in vse both here and in the Netherlands are these and such like 〈◊〉 following First for all Motions in generall they must eyther be in Distance or in Forme If in Distance it must eyther be in File or Rank or in both together If the motion be in distance oâ— Files it must eyther be in closing or in opening If in closing then your words of proper directions are thâ—se First hauing drawne your Baâ—â—aile in order you shall say Leaders stand forward with your Files Then Close your Files Close your Files to the right hand Close your Files to the left And all these three motions you shal doe eyther closest close to Order or to open Order Open your Files Open to the right hand Open to the left Or to any order as aforesayd If in distance of Rankes then also in closing or opening if in closing then Close your Rankes Close your Rankes from the front to the reare Close your Rankes from the reare to the front And any of thâ—se to any order as aforesayd and if in opening then Open your Rankes Open your Rankes from the front reareward Open your Rankes from the reare forward And any of thâ—se to any order aforesayd And heerein is to bee noted that Rankes when they open ought for the most part to open downeward turning to the Reare and if they close it mâ—st euer be vpward to the Front Lastly if motion in distance be both of Rankes and Fileâ— at one instant then you shall say Files and Rankes close Files and Rankes open And both these to any order aforesayd Now if it be motion in forme it is also in files in rankes and in files and rankes both together If it be motion in forme of files the words of direction are Double your Files to the right hand Double your Files to the left Advance 〈◊〉 Files to the right hand Advance your Files to the left Advance
by devision to the right hand Advance by devision to the left Files ranke by conversion to the right hand Files ranke by conversion to the left Files ranke 3.5.7 c. Shorten your Files to 5.8 c. Lengthen your Files to 10.12.16 c. Files counter-march to the right hand Files counter-march to the left Files counter-march to both by devision And this counter-march may bee done divers wayes and manners as after the manner of the Macedonians the Lacedemonians the Persians or out late and more moderne vse and fashion all these motions must be done to some one or other order as aforesayd If it be motion in forme of rankes then the words are Double your rankes to the right hand Double your rankes to the left Rankes file by conversion to the right hand Rankes file by conversion to the left Rankes ranke 5.7 c. Midlemen double the front to the right hand Midlemen double the front to the left Midlemen double to both by devision to the right entire and to the left entire Rankes counter-march from the right hand to the left Rankes counter-march from the left hand to the right In the manner as formerly in fyles according to severall Nations when you will Counter-march to the right hand the first ranke of Leaders onely must advance one stepp forward with the right leg and then turne and all the other ranks must march first vp to the place from whence the first ranke did counter-march before they turne So likewise if you will counter-march to the left hand the first rankes must stepp forward one stepp with the left legge and then turne and all the other rankes behind must come vp to that place before they turne as before The same order is to be obserued when you will counter-march your Files Also in counter-marching though both are here set downe for distinction sake you are to name neither Rankes nor Files but are onely to say To the right hand counter-march or To the left hand counter-march Now if it be Motion in forme both in Files and Rankes iointly together then the words of direction are Faces to the right hand Faces to the left Faces to both by devision Faces about or all one Faces to the Reare all one Wheele by conversion to the right hand Wheele by conversion to the left Wheele to both by devision Charge to the right hand Charge to the left Charge to both by devision Charge to the Front Charge to the Reare Charge to both front and reare by devision Now to reduce any of these words of direction to the same order or station in which the Souldier stood before they were spoken you shall say As you were Now in these words of generall directions this is principally to be regarded that in charging with Pikes halfe the Rankes are but to charge their Pikes and the other halfe to carrie them advanced or ported so neare the heads of the formost as they may doe them no annoyance either in Charging or Retyring and they must also obserue when they doe Charge standing to fall backe with the right foote and Marching to step forward with the left There is also another motion in forme which is the giuing of fire by the Flanke or by whole Fyles one after another which are strange to the Dutch or Spanish yet exceeding frequent with the Irish and therefore necessary for our English vse And that is for the beating or Clayring of Paces which are narrow strait wayes through Woods and Bogs and the words for direction are Cast of your fyles to the right hand Cast of your fyles to the left Cast of your fyles to both by devision Now for the most of these words there can be hardly better chosen But it is not so materiall what words you first choose to trayne by as it is to vse some words constantly and yet the same words should be vsed generally through the Troopes of an Armie or els it will breed confusion And if it were also generally in the discipline of one Kingdome it were better and more absolute And thus much touching March and Motion which is nothing els but an actuall working of the bodie contained in foure severall circumstances The first being a marching forward as charging to the Front the second backward as by retrayt the third side-wayes as by closing opening or doubling of fyles to either hand and the last Wheeling as by conversion or turning to either hand all which must be performed as occasion shall be offered to the vnderstanding of the Commander observing every motion in true order place distance and posture All other motions in the mayne body of a Battalia being nothing but the parents of disorder and confeâ—sion 〈…〉 Art by the opinions of the Auncientsâ— is oâ—â—ly the true Science of Warlike Motion of the Emperiall Art of comely and well ordering of Battayleâ— Armes Gestures and Motions any of which will not indure monstrouâ— shape◠〈…〉 Next vnto these words of generall Motions wee will place the words of particular Motions which onely concerne the manage vse and carriage of weapons And these kinde of Motions are called in one present discipline Postures that is The true 〈◊〉 of men in Armes carrying all manner of marâ—â—all weapons in every Motion whatsoever in the comeliest â—â—ad i◠〈◊〉 and easiest way both to 〈…〉 and not onely making everything 〈…〉 very delighâ—full to the eye but also taking away all dangers and disorders which might otherwise happen either through ignoâ—anâ—e or rudenesse To speake then first of those Postures which belong vnto the Pike and are published by the most excellent Prince the Count Maâ—rice of 〈◊〉 Prince of Orange they are in number â—â—â—â—one That is to say three which are exprest standingâ—â—ixe maâ—ching and seaven charging The three which are exprest standing are Lay downe your Pike Take vp your Pike Order your Pike The sixe which are to be done marchingâ— are Advance your Pike Shouldeâ—â— your Pike Levell your Pike Sloape your Pike Cheeke your Pike Trayle your Pike The seauen which are done charging are Port over hand Port vnder-hand Charge over-hand Charge vnder-hand Couch over-hand Couch vnder-hand Charge against the right foote and tâ—â—aw yoâ—â—â—â—ord over-arme As touching the Postures which belong to the Musquet they are fortie in nâ—mber and are to be done Fiue standing three marching eight-teene charging and fourteene discharging And are onely for Military Instruction in the time of Trayning and to make the Souldier most exquisite and perfect But in the time of present Service before the face of the enemy or in fight then all this great number of Postures the Captaine shall reduce into three onely and no more The three Postures or words of Command which are vsed for the Musquet in the face of the enemie in Fight or in Skirmish are these 1. Make readie 2. Present 3. Giue fire The Postures or words of Command which are vsed
Then the Generall or officer in chiefe shall with a knife cut away the the two peaks then it is made a Cornet which is longer one way then another If after that he do any thing worthyly whereby he is made by the King or Supreame either Banneret or Baron then shall his Cornet be made Iust square in forme of a Banner which none may carrie in the field on horsbacke vnder those degrees Now if these noble Customes be neglected and that men out of ambition vsurpation Ignorance or Conivance take to themselues other Liberties let those great knowledges which haue the cōmand of Armes reforme it or ells vertue will fit mourning at the Ladder foote because she hath not one true Round left to mount by Hauing thus giuen you a briefe touch of the election of men and horses and the manner of Arming appoynting them to each seuerall seruice with some other especiall notes which as strangers vnlookt for haue encountred me by the way and I hope are not all vnworthy your consideration I will now proceede to the formes and manner of Trayning of men on horsbacke That forme as I sayd before is to be followed which is soonest and easiest learned and fittest for all manner of seruice Therefore supposing you haue a Troope of one hundred horse standing in Route you shall first draw them out man after man into as many files as the number wil containe euery file consisting of six persons that is to say a leader two midlemen a bringer vp a follower betweene the Leader and the midleman to the Reare and a Follower betweene the midleman to the Front and the Bringer vp which is the last man in the file and called the Reare for you must know that a Troope of horse consisteth of Ranks and Files as well as a Company of foote and hauing set file vnto file close that is Cuise vnto Cuise or knee vnto knee and made euery man to follow his Leader in an euen line you shall then hauing left some space betweene the rankes make the rankes stand even and in one lyne also so that looking vpon the whole Battayle you may see them present vnto you a iust square then going to the head you shall finde you are sixteene in Ranke and sixe in Fyle which maketh nintie sixe men to which adde three Corporalls the Clarke of the Troope who is the Captaines continuall attendant and there is the full Troope of one hundred Men and Horse Where by the way vnderstand that as in Foote Companies so in Horse Troopes a Ranke may consist of as many men as you please according to the number of your Troope But a Fyle ought never to be aboue sixe deepe because that number is sufficient for dutie and more are cumbersome and not so fit to take directions This Troope of one hundred you shall devide into three Squadtons the first Squadron shall appertaine to the Captaine the second to the Lieutenant and the third to the Cornet and vnder them the eldest Corporall shall command the Captaines Squadron the second the Lieutenants and the youngest the Cornets And the Cornet himselfe shall ever march vpon the head of his owne Squadron These Squadrons shall be devided into as many Fyles as the number will containe and the principall and best vnderstanding Gentlemen of the Troope shall be the Leaders Bringers vp and Middlemen of every Fyle The Troope being thus formed into Battayle and devided into Rankes and Fyles In Trayning there are fiue principall things to be taught First the manage and government of the Horse contained in certaine motions of the hand foote and sometimes of the whole Bodie Secondly the carriage and vse of Armes contained in divers Postures Thirdly Distance or orderly proportion in Rankes and Files Fourthly March and Motion contained in words and Commands of especiall directions And lastly the Soundings and Commands of the the Trumpet For the manage and government of the Horse though it be supposed that the Horse is ridden and made perfect before he came into the Souldiers hands yet if the Souldier cannot after an orderly manner make the Horse doe what he hath beene taught and likewise correct or helpe him in due time when the Horse shall either doe amisse or not doe with so comely a grace and dexteritie as he ought The motion without all question will be full of disorder and confusion The first word therefore of Command to the Souldier is Mount your Horse For it is to be supposed no Horseman is so simple as not to know how to dresse or apparell his Horse and therefore for the monture it is in this manner He shall first in his left hand take the Bridle-Rayne laying his thumbe flat on the nearest side of the Rayne and his fore-finger his great-finger and his ring-finger gryping the farre side and the little finger he shall put betweene the Raynes and so with the other hand stretching the Raynes to an even length that the Horse may feele he is within restraint the Horseman turning his left shoulder to the Horses neare shoulder shall put his left foote into the Stirrop and then staying his left hand vpon the pomell of the Saddle he shall bring his right hand to the hinder part of the Saddle which as soone as he toucheth he shall immediately without heaving or iumping rayse his bodie from the ground and bring it into the Saddle The other words of Command are Advance forward This the Souldier shall doe by thrusting both his legs forward at an instant sodainly and strongly and a little yeelding his bodie forward yet as covert as may be and when you haue advanst enough by restrayning your Bridle-hand gently make the Horse stand still And this Advancement shall be done either vpon footepace vpon trott or vpon Gallop as the Captaine shall command Then Retire your Horse This is to make the Horse retrayt or goe backe which the Souldier shall doe by drawing in his Bridle-hand strayt and observing that as the Horse yeeldeth and goeth backe so he must also yeeld and make gentle his hand And when he hath gone backe sufficiently then the Souldier shall jert both his legs forward sodainly and that will stay the Horse from retyring any further Then Trot your large ring to the right hand Trot your large ring to the left Gallop your large ring to the right hand Gallop your large ring to the left Any of these the Souldier shall doe by thrusting the Horse forward with his toes vpon the Stirrop or with the helpe of the calues of his legges against the Horses sides or els with the even stroake of his Spurrs in case of dullnes and the Souldier shall obserue in this lesson to take a verie large Circumference both for the Horses ease and his owne instruction And there is no motion more necessarie then this because it is vsed in every Charge
these to any order aforesaid Close your Fyles to the right hand Close your Fyles to the left Close your Fyles to both hands by devision And these also to any order aforesaid also in opening the Squadron you must ever first open the Rankes which must be done downeward to the Reare and then the Fyles And in Closing you must first close the Fyles and then the Rankes which must ever be done vpward towards the Front Then Double your Fyles to the right hand Double your Fyles to the left Double your Fyles to both by devision And this to any order aforesaid Double your Rankes to the right hand Double your Rankes to the left Double your Rankes to both by devision And this to any order aforesaid Middlemen double the Front to the right hand Middlemen double the Front to the left Middlemen double the Front to both hands by devision Bringers vp double the Front to the right hand Bringers vp double the Front to the left Bringers vp double the Front to both hands by devision And these to either order aforesaid To the right hand turne To the left hand turne To both hands turne by conversion To the right hand about turne To the left as you were To the left hand about turne To the right as you were Now to reduce any Motion before shewed to the same station in which the Horseman stood before the Command given you shall vse this generall word As you were Countermarch to the right hand Countermarch to the left Countermarch to both by Conversion Wheele to the right hand Wheele to the left Wheele to both by Conversion And in this Motion of Countermarching you must obserue that the Leaders if it be in a standing Countermarch doe advance forward full one Horse length before they turne and then turne to which hand they are commanded all the Rankes successiuely following to make good the Leaders place of turning before they turne and so to perfect the Countermarch But if it be to be done vpon a greater advancement then shall either a Corporall or other higher Officer stand at the place of turning and the Leaders shall advance vp vnto him and there turne to either hand according to direction and so successiuely all the rest of the Rankes in the Troope till the Countermarch be made perfect So also in the Motion of Wheeling you must obserue if the Troope be vnder an hundred first to double your Front to the one or the other hand either by the Bringers vp or the Middlemen before you Wheele and then standing at their close order to Wheele about or otherwise at pleasure Againe obserue when you Wheele to the right hand to double your Front to the left hand and when you Wheele to the left hand to double your Front to the right hand for so the Leaders of the right and left hand Fyles will keepe their places on that corner to which you Wheele Lastly to reduce and bring every man into his first place againe You shall say Fyles to the right or left hand open to your Open order Bringers vp or Middlemen to your first places as you were And in this Motion obserue that if the Bringers vp did double the Front then shall the Middlemen being in the Reare first fall into their places then the Follower and lastly the Bringer vp And so if the Middlemen did double the Front then those Middlemen being in the Front shall in Countermarch fall into their first places after them their Followers and last of all the Bringer vp The fift and last Lesson belonging vnto the Horse-troope is to teach the Souldier the Sounds and Commands of the Trumpet and to make him both vnderstand the Notes and Language of the Trumpet as also in due time to performe all those duties and Commands which are required by the Trumpet And of these Soundings which we generally call Poynts of Warre there are sixe which are most necessary for the Souldiers knowledge The first is 1. Butte Sella or Clap on your Saddles Which as soone as the Souldier heareth in the morning or at other times he shall presently make readie his Horse and his owne person trusse vp his sacke of necessaries and make all things fitting for Iourney The second is 2. Mounte Cavallo or Mount on Horsebacke At which Summons the Souldier shall bridle vp his Horse bring him forth and mount his backe The third is 3. Al'a Standardo or Goe to your Colours Whether it be Standard Cornet â— or Guydon upon which sound the Souldier with those of his Fellowship shall trot forth to the place where the Cornet is lodged and there attend till it bâ— diâ—lodged Also this sound in the field and in service when men are dis-banded is a Retrayt for the Horseman and brings him off being ingaged for as oft as he heares it he must retire and goe backe to his Colours The fourth is 4. Tucquet or March Which being heard simplie of it selfe without addition Commands nothing but a Marching after the Leader The fift is 5. Carga Carga or An Alarum Charge Charge Which sounded every man like Lightning flyes vpon his enemie and giues proofe of his valour The sixt and last is 6. Auquet or The Watch. Which sounded at night Commands all that are out of dutie to their rest and sounded in the morning Commands those to rest that haue done dutie and those that haue rested to awake and doe dutie And in these Sounds you shall make the Souldier so perfectâ— that as a song he may lanquet or sing them and know when they are sounded vnto him Other Soundings there are as Tende Hoe for listning a Call for Summons a Senet for State and the like But they haue reference to the greater Officers and those haue no neede of my Instructions Having thus run through all those parts which make vp a serviceable Souldier on Horsebacke I will conclude this Discourse with these few notes following First You shall vnderstand that the Cavallerie or Horse-Armie haue for their chiefe Officers the Generall of the Horse the Lieutenant-generall of the Horse and the Serieant Maior of the Horse which in some discipline is called the Commissary-generall or Colonell generall of the Horse And betwixt these three the whole Armie of Horsemen is devided They haue also a Quarter-master and a Provost-generall The Iustice resteth vnder the Councell-generall of Warre in the Armie The Generalls Regiment hath alwayes the Vanguard and the rest alternately by turnes as he that this day hath the Vanguard the next day hath the Reare and so of all the rest The Colonells haue their Regiments Compounded of three or foure Troopes and seldome aboue fiue or vnder three and the Colonells Troope ever Marcheth on the left Wing of the Regiment The Captaines of Horse receiue their directions from the Colonells the Coloâ—ells from the Serieant-maior and the Serieant-maior from the Lord Marshall Thus much I haue thought fit to impart as an Introduction into these Military affayres leaving to those larger and better enabled Spirits the vnbounded Field of Discourse into which when they shall be pleased to enter no doubt but the studious Observer shall receiue a much more worthie satisfaction FINIS Vse of the Pike Vse of the Shot How to giue Volleys Volleys marching Volleys standing Volleys retyring Volleys vpon advancement Volleys vpon a swift retrait 2 2 Distance of place The measure of Distances 3 3 Of Marches The severall places of Officers Of Motionâ— 4 4 Of the sounds of the Drum Vse of words The words of proper directions Charging of Pikes Giuing of fire by the Flanke Constancy in words giuing What March Motion iâ— Words of particular motioÌ„ What Postures are The Postures of the Pike The Postures of the Musquet Postures in Smirmish Postures in exercising Of the Hargobus Repetition by way of advise The Dignitie of places The vse of the Table Leaders of middle fyles Middlemen to the Front and Reare Subdevisionmen The first sixe parts in Martiall discipline Carriage election and composition of Colours Mixture of Colours Colonells Colours Superior Officers Colors Where Gentlemen may finde their Colours Difficultie in this Art Things considerable in this Art 1 1 Election of Men and Horses 2 2 Arming of Gentlemen at Armes Arming for Triumph Arming of Launceirs Arming of Light-horse Arming of Cuirassiers Arming of Hargobusseirs Arming of Dragons Arming of Captaines Arming of Lieutenants Arming of Cornets Arming of the Trumpet Arming of Corporalls Captaine of Hargobusiers and his officers Captaine of Dragons or his officers Difference betwixt the Cornet and Guydon 3 3 Formes of Trayning The extent of a filo The extent of a Ranke Devision of the Troope Fiue things to be taught 1 1 Manage of the Horse Words of Command The performance The Word The performance The Word The performance The Word The performance The Word The performance The Word The performance The Word The performance 2 2 Carriage and vse of Armes Posture of the Pistoll Postures in Skirmish The best way to Teach 3 3 Distance of place Of Motion 4 4 Of Marches Words of especiall direction Observation in Countermarching Observation in Wheeling Observations 5 5 Of the Trumpet The first poynt of Warre The second The third The fourth The fift The sixt Speciall notes
Guydon 46 Aâ—vancement of Captaines of Horse 46 The Formes of Trayning 47 The Imbattayling of Horsemen 47 The extent of a Fyle 47 The extent of a Ranke 48 The devision of a Horse-Troope 48 Fiue things to be taught 48 Manage of the Horse 49 Words of Command 49 The performance 49 The words and the performance 50.51.52 Carriage and vse of Armes 53 The Postures of the Pistoll 53 Postures Standing 53 Postures Charging or Marching 53 Postures Discharging 54 Postures in Skirmish 54 The best way to Teach 55 Of distance of place 55 Of Motion 55 Of Marches 56 Words of especiall direction 56 The manner of Opening or Closing Rankes or Fyles 57 Of doubling Rankes or Fyles 57 Of doubling the Front divers wayes 57 The turning of Faces 58 Of Countermarching or Wheeling 58 Observations in Countermarching 58 Observations in Wheeling 59 Observations in doubling the Front 59 Of the Trumpet 60 The first poynt of Warre and its vse 60 The second poynt of Warre and its vse 60 The third and its vse 61 The fourth and its vse 61 The fifth and its vse 61 The sixt and its vse 61 Speciall Notes 62 The chiefe Officers in an Horse Armieâ— 62 Wherein the Iustice consisteth 62 The places of great Officers 62 The Composition of Regiments 63 Whence directions are received 63 The end of the second Table ERRATA PAge 14. line 28. for before reade betweene p. 18. l. 24. for Formes r. Forme p. 31. l. 30. for lenitie r. leuitie p. 32. l. 11. for not r. at p. 33. l. 18. for yea r. yet p. 41. l. 28. for Rooes reade Races THE SOVLDIERS ACCIDENCE THe Captaines of the men to be Trained for the Warres whether they be Muster-Masters or other private Commanders haue two things to be referred vnto them that is sorting of Armes and the Formes or true Manners of Trayning For the Sorting of Armes it is a good preportion to haue a Companie equally compounded of Armed men and Shot the Armed men to be all Pikes except the Officers The Shot to be at least halfe Musquets the other halfe Harquebushes but if the Shot could be two parts Musquets it were better but if all Musquets then best of all Also care is to be had what men are put to every finde of Armes the strong tall and best persons to be Pâ—kes the squarest and broadest will be fit to carry Musquets and the least and nimblest may if necessitie compell be turned to the Harquebush But aboue all other respects it is to be considered to what Armes every man doth best frame himselfe for which cause it is not amisse that the Captaine see the same men to vse severall Armes before he doe appoint them certainly to carry any one Next he shall see that every man be well and sufficiently Armed with good and allowable Armes That is to say all his Pikemen shall haue good Spanish Morians or els Steele Caps for their heads well lined with quilted Caps Curaces for their bodies of nimble and good â—ould being at the least high pike prooâ—eâ— large and well â—ompaâ—t Gordgets for their Neckes Fayre and close ioyned Taces to arme to the mid-thigh as for the Pouldron or the Vantâ—â—â—â—e they may be spared because they are but 〈…〉 All this Armour is to be rather of Russet Sangâ—ine or Blacke colourâ— then White or Milld for it will keepe the longer from rust They shall haue strong straight yet nimble Pikes of Ash-wood well headed with Steele and armed with plates downward from the head at least foure foote and the full size or length of every Pike shall be fifte one foote beside the head These Pikemen shall also haue good sharpe and broad Swords of which the Turkie or Bilboe are best strong Scabards chapt with Iron Girdle Hangers or Bautricke of strong Leather and lastly if to the Pikemans Headpeece be fastned a small ring of Iron and to the right side of his Backpeece below his Girdle an Iron hooke to hang his Steele-cap vpon it will be a great ease to the Souldier and a nimble carriage in the time of long Marches All his Musquetiers shall be armed in good Spanish Marians vpon their Heads About their bodies Bautrickwise from the left shoulder vnder the right arme they shall carry Bandiliers of broad Leather hauing made fastâ— vnto them at least twelue or thirteene charges of wood or horne well covered with Leather and hanging by large long strings that with ease they may be brought to the mouth of the Peece And these Charges must containe Powder according to the bore and bignesse of the Piece by due measure They shall also haue Swords Girdles Hangers or Bautrickes and Bullet bags in which they shall carrie their Moulds Bullets Wormes Screwes Rammer and Pryming Iron Also they shall haue good and sufficient Musquets of true size and bore with cleane Barrels and straight scowring stickes headed at the one end with Rammers of horne sutable to the bore of the Piece and at the other with boxes of iron in which to screw their Wormes iron Rammers and the like The Cockes and Trickers of the Piece for Seares are not good shall be nimble to goe and come and the Stocks shall be straight of very sound wood Lastly for their right hands they shall haue Rests of Ash wood or other tough wood with iron Pikes in the neather end and halfe hoopes of Iron aboue to rest the Musquet on and double strong stringes fastned neare therevnto to hang about the arme of the Souldier when at any time he shall haue occasion to traile the same And the length of these Rests shall be sutable to the stature of the man bearing his Piece so as he may discharge it without stooping The Harquebushes shall be armed like the Musquets The Rest onely excepted and the quantitie of the Piece and the Charges duely considered Your Halberdier shall be armed in all points like your Pike onely in stead of the Pike he shall carry a faire Halberd that is strong sharpe and well armed with plates of iron from the Blade at least two foot downward vpon the Staffe and fringed or adorned according to pleasure And these Halberds doe properly belong vnto the Serieants of Companies who by reason of their much imployment are excused from Armes Otherwise in the day of Battaile or in the Battaile they are for guard of the Ensigne or matter of execution and then to be armed as is aforesaid The Ensigne or Bearer of the Captaines colours shall be armed at all pieces to the mid thigh as as Head-peece Gorget Curaces Pouldrons Vantbranes and Taces with a faire Sword by his side and his Captaines Colours or Ensigne in his hand The Lieutenants of Companies shall be armed like the Ensigne-bearer and his weapon shall be a faire guilt Partizan The Captaines shall be armed as the Lieutenants onely as much richer as they please and their weapons to lead with shall be Feather staues But their weapons to serue or
encounter the enemy with shall be faire Partizans of strong and short blades well guilt and adorned according to their owne pleasures For the Formes or manner of Trayning That forme is onely to be followed which shall be soonest and easiest learned and of most vse for all kind of service whatsoever and which I take to be this Forme following First you shall draw your Company into two Battalions or square Bodies the Pikes by themselues and the Shot by themselues which Bodies shall consist of Ranks and Files and you shall draw them forth by Files or tens man after man or if they be much disorderly and vncapable then draw them forth by halfe Files or fiues and when they are so placed by doubling those halfe Files you may bring them to whole Files which done then placing the Pikes in the midst wing them on either hand with your Shot wherein if you haue Haâ—quebushes which are now out of vse with vs you shall then giue to your Musquetiers the prioritie of place that is they shall make the outmost Files both of the right and the left hand Now for a Ranke you shall vnderstand it is a Row of men placed Pouldron to Pouldron or Shoulder to Shoulder their faces being directed all one way And a File is a Sequence of men standing one behind another Backe to Belly extending from the first to the last man And it is taken from the French word la Fila signifying a Thridd because men stand long wise and straight like a thrid and the Files consist of single men downeward as the Ranks consist of single men ouerthwart Now these Files in some discipline are called Flankes because they doe flanker or wall in the Battalia and the Rankes are called Fronts because they stand formost and doe as it were affront the Battailes and looke vpon the Enemie but in truth none can properly be called the Front but the Ranke which standeth formost nor any File be called a â—lanke but those which stand outmost yet all are Ranks and all are Files and therefore those two names are without contradiction Now lastly you shall vnderstand that a Ranke may consist of as many men as you please according to the number of your Company But a File howeuer the Spaniards and Italians vse it in vncertaine depth ought neuer to be aboue ten persons deepe except it be in marching or in most especiall seruice where advantage of ground requireth the contrary The reason thereof being that the first man hauing done his dutie in discharging his piece may in the space that nine other men shall do their duties and discharge their pieces distinctly one after another be againe in readines make his first place good there to discharge his piece a-againe Besides it is the readiest and best way for the drawing of Grosses and great numbers into any forme that you please because according to this discipline euery hundred men make a full Square that is to say iustren euery way This done you shall deuide one hundred men into foure Corporall shipps or Squadrons and euery Squadron into as many Files as the number wil beare and euery File into Fellowships or Camera-does Thâ— Corporall of euery Squadron shall be the leader of the chiefest file of the Squadron and the Lanspresado who in the Corporalls absence as vpon a guard or otherwise doth all the Corporalls duties shall lead another file and the most sufficient Gentlemen of euery Squadron shal be the leaders of the rost Now for the especiall duties of these two Officers which is the Corporall and the Lanspresadoe you shall vnderstand that the Corporalls chiefest dutie is vpon guards at night after the Watch is set and the Sentinells placedâ— where so soone as the Sentinell shall call vpon any approach lie shall immediately goe with his Sword drawne or in especiall cases where the Enemy lodgeth neare with a guard of two at least being a Pike and a Shot vnto the Sentinell and making his Guard stand vpon their guard he shall place the point of his sword to the breast of him that is to giue the Word whether he be Rounder or other private passenger and so with his eare to his mouth very closely receiuethâ— Word which if it be right he shall giue the partie passe if otherwise he shall take him prisoner and disarme him and either keepe him vpon his guard or els deliver him to his superior Officer But if any resistance shall be offered then it shall be lawfull for him to kill him Also the Corporall shall in the time of service fee that every Souldier in his Squadron haue his Armes neate cleane and handsome that they be not vnfurnished of Powder Match and Bullet and the Lanspresadoe as was before said shall in the absence of the Corporall doe all the Corporals duties and in the time of rest he shall call vpon his Squadron and see them dresse trimme and scoure their Armes and Weapons and teach them how best to doe the same And also he shall see them cast their Bullets if need require and to such as are ignorant teach them how to doe the same and shew them how to scoure their Pieces and oyle them and in time of necessitie or vpon Cloying how to vnbreetch them The Companie being thus devided In the Trayning foure principall things are to be taught 1. First the carriage and vse of Armes conteined in divers Postures or Stations expressing the formes of men in Armes 2. Secondly Distance or proportion of place in Files and Rankes 3. Thirdly March and Malion contained in words of most especiall directions 4. And fourthly all the sounds or beatings of the Drumme and ordinarie words of direction which are our Vocabula artis and how by the Drumme or the voice of a Commander to moue and obey the direction 1. The carriage of Armes must be comely and readiest for vse The vse of Pikes is either in receiving or giuing a Charge By being tâ—ught the firstâ— the Souldier learnes to withstand Horse By the second to encounter with the enemies Pikes in which the vse of Armes is most in knowing when and how every man and so every Ranke should giue his push In teaching the vse of Shot the Souldier must first learne how to carry his Piece then how to present it and to take his levell and how and when to giue his volley with those in his Ranke All which shall be more plainly described when wee come to speake of Postures â— And this part of Instruction is the proper office of the Serieants of Companies for they should both teach the Shot the vse of their Armes and be their Leaders in Service if by an especiall commandement a superior Officer be not appointed In teaching to giue volleys the ancient and vulgar manner of discipline which is that the whole volley shall be given of all the Shot in one Battalia or Troop at one instant as well of them behind as before
in ordinary Trayning or daily exercising of the Souldiers are these following First there are fiue to be performed standing That is to say Put on your Armes Prepare your Skirmish Rest your Musquet Your Sentinell Posture Your Saluting Posture The Postures which are to be performed in Marching are these Shoulder your Musquet and carry your Rest in the right hand Levell your Musquet Sloape your Musquet The Postures which are to be performed in Charging are these Cleare your Pann Prime your Pann Shut your Pann Cast off your loose Cornes Blow your Pann Cast about your Musquet with both your hands and trayle your Rest. Open your Charges Charge your Musquet with Powder Draw out your Scowring sticke Shorten your sticke Ramme in your powder Draw out your sticke Charge with Bullet Ramme in your Bullet Draw out your sticke Shorten your sticke and put it vp Bring your Musquet forward with your left hand Hold it vp with your right hand and recover your Rest. The Postures which are to be performed in Discharging are these Carrie your Rest in your left hand preparing to giue fire Sloape your Musquet and let the Rest sinke In the right hand poyze your Musquet In the left hand carrie the Musquet with the Rest. In the right hand take your Match betweene the second finger and the thumbe Hold the Match fast and blow it Cocke your Match Trie your Match Guard the Pann and blow your Maâ—ch Open your Pann Present your Musquet Giue fire Dismount your Musquet and carrie it with the Rest. Vncocke your Match and put it vp betweene your fingers Now touching the Postures of the Hargobus I hold it needlesse here to insist or stand vpon them since they are all one with the Musquet the Rest onely excepted and whosoeuer is a good Musquetier cannot chuse but be a good Hargeletier And therefore I referre it to moâ—s particular practise And to make a Connexion of all that is before sayd I would wish euery industrious Teacher first to respect his men then their Armes and to sort and place each man according to his worth and cunning not his wealth or birth Then for his lessons first to bring him to an exquisite readinesse in the Postures and true manage of weapons Next to make him know all the Sounds or Beatings of the Drâ—mme Thirdly the â—rue distance of places and orderly proportions Fourthly the execution thereof in all manner of Marches and Motions And lastly a generall performance of all that hath beene spoken in the practise of Skirmishes and alteration of Battalions So shall men become readie and not confused as many are by silken and simple Tutors who striue to teach many things together but nothing in order Now for as much as dignitie of places is a most needfull Knowledge for every Commander both for the adornment of the Band and the incouragement of the well deserving Souldier I will shew you here a Table containing the honor and dignitie of placesâ— as they haue beene observed by the most auncient Masters of Martiall discipline The Vse NOw for the Vse of this Table you shall vnderstand that the figure 1. which standeth on the right hand is the Leader of the right hand Fyle and so the first and chiefest man in the Battalia and that whole Ranke in which it standeth is the Front so called because the faces of the whole Companie are directed one way and also every man in that Ranke is called the Leader or Captaine of the Fyle he leadeth The figure 2. which leadeth the left hand Fyle is the second man And the figure 3. which is in the Reare because there the backes are turned is the third man and the whole Ranke in which it standeth is called the Reare or the Bringers vp Then the figure 4. is the fourth man so forth according to the number of the figures are the dignities of the places Now here is also to be noted in this Table that the figure 17. standing in the Front is the Leader of the middle fyle to the left Flanke and the figure 18. Leader of the middle fyle to the right Flanke and so are called Leaders of the mayne devision The fifth Ranke from the Front downeward towards the Reare are called Middlemen to the reare and the sixt Rank are called Middlemen to the front or the Leaders of halfe fyles Lastly whensoever this Bodie or any other whatsoever which containeth but ten persons in fyle shall be devided in the midst betweene the Middle-men then the last fiue Rankes to the Reareward are called by the name of Subdevision And whensoever the Reare shall double the Front then are the Reare called Bringers vp because they bring vp their halfe Fyles by Sequence These Rules knit vnto memorie and practised with care and diligence will make any Souldier perfect in the first sixe parts of Martiall discipline as Election of men Sorting of Armes March or Motion Distance Posture and lastly the beatings of the Drumme Now to these I will adde a little touch or Essay touching the Carriage Election and Composition of Captaines colours or Ensignes which is the honorable Badge or Marke of every Captaine and in which both of late here at home and also formerly in forraine Nations I haue seene as grosse absurdities as any malice would wish to see in the folly of his Enemy which doubtlesse must proceed from ignorance since no Master of Reason would be guiltie of his owne iniurie You shall therefore vnderstand that all Colours belonging vnto private Captaines ought to be mixt equally of two severall Colours that is to say according to the rule in Herauldry of Colour and Mettall and not Colour on Colour as Greene and Red or Blew and Blacke or such like nor yet Mettall on Mettall as White and Yellow or Orrengtawnie and White for Colours so borne shew Bastardie Pesantrie or dishonor Now in the Corner which is next to the vpper poynt of the staffe he shall carâ—ie in a faire large square or Canton containing a sixt part of the Colours a plaine red Crosse in a white Field which is the Ensigne of our Kingdome of England If the Colours doe belong to a Colonell they shall then be all of one entire Colour or one Mettall onely the red Crosse or Ensigne of the Kingdome shall be in his due place as aforesaid If they belong to a Colonell generall to the Lord Marshall of the Field or any such Superior Officer then they shall be all of one entire Colour or Mettall and the red Crosse or Ensigne of the Kingdome shall be in a verie little square or Canton as in a twelft part of the Field or lesse if it please them But if they belong to the Generall of the Field then they shall be of one entire Colour or Mettall without any red Crosse at all as was before sayd Thus much touching the generall Composition and Carriage of Colours Now
what favour cannot perswade authoritie and punishment may inforce But to bring ignorant man and more ignorant horse wilde man and madd horse to those rules of Obedience which may crowne every Motion and Action with comelie orderly and profitable proceedings Hic Labor Hoc Opus To come then to the office or dutie of that Commander who taketh vpon him to Trayne or Drill a Troope of Horse he shall vnderstand that there be three things referred to his Iudgement First Election of Men and Horses Secondly Arming And lastly the Formes or manner of Trayâ—ning For the Election of Men and Horses they muâ—â— be sutable to the Armes and Weapons defensiuâ— and offensiue which they carrie which becausâ— they are of divers kindes and divers dignities And in as much as Horse-troopes consist all of one entire Bodie or Armes and not of divers Bodies or divers Armes in one Troope as Foote Companies doe I will first giue you the names of every severall Troope of Horse and after elect Men Horse and Armes agreeable with each severall dignitie In the old Warres and before Fire was got to that height of excellence to which it is now arived the first and principall Troope of Horse were called Men at Armes or Gentlemen at Armes because the bodie of the whole Troope consisted of Noblemen Knights and Gentlemen A Prince for the most part being ever their Commander they were armed with defensiue Armes at all peâ—ces Câ—â—p a Pe from head to foote that is to say with close Caskes on their heads Gorgets about their necks faire Brestplats of Hargobus proofe and Backpeeces of lesse proofe for their bodies Pouldrons for their shoulders Vambraces for their arms Gauntlets for their hands Taces for the belly Cuiâ—ses for the knees and Greaues for the legs and feete â—nd about their waâ—ts rich Bases of Velvet Sattin Sâ—â—ke or other sâ—uffe and Girdles and Hangers For offensiue Armes they had faire guilt Swords and Daggers strong Launces headed with Steele a Case of short Pistols with Priming-box Flaske key and Bullet bag a well armed Battellaxe and a strong payre of Spurres on his heeles with long neckes and long Rowells His Horse should be strong well shaped of great courage and throughly mand and ridden he should by all meanes be stoned because tyring hurts them not of lustie age and faire trotting and of these Horses the Neopolitan is the best the Greeke next then the Spanyard the English the Almaine or the French For his furniture it should be either a Barbe of Steele or a Caparison of Bend-leather arming from the pole of the necke to the pomell of the Saddle and so round about his brest as also from the hinder part of the Saddle over all his buttockes and downe to the Cambrell He shall haue a Shaffron for his forehead and for the other part of his head an headstall and raynes of broad leather the raynes being lyned with a small chayne of Iron to prevent cutting and in his mouth a faire Bitt on his backe a Steele-saddle with three Girtes of double Webb with Stirrops Stirrop-leathers and for his Tayle a faire Saker with rich Tassels and a strong Twynsell This was the ordinarie Arming of the Gentlemen at Armes for the Field onely some at their owne discretions would to the former peeces adde a Placcard to cover the brestplate which was an advancement of the proofe but not an inforcement from Commandment Now if these Gentlemen were to arme for Triumph before the King or Queene then to the peeces defensiue before shewed they ought to haue if it were for the Tylt a Grandguard for the Breast a Pasguard for the left shoulder and a Maine-fere for the left hand If it were for the Tourney then onely a Buffe for the chynne and a lockt Gauntlet for the right hand The second Troope of Horse were called Launciers or Demilaunciers they were armed at all peeces from the head to the knee like the Gentlemen at Armes and their offensiue weapons were a Launce a case of short Pistolls a Battle-axe Sword and dagger strong horses well ridden for the field armed with a Steele-Saddle Headstall Raynes Bit Brest-plate Crooper Trappings Girtes Stirrops and Leathers The third sort of auncient Horsemen were called Light-horse and they were armed for defence with Burgenets or Steele-caps Gorgets Curats or Plate-coats Gauntlets or Gloues of Male for offensiue Armes they had a slender chasing staffe a single Pistoll and sometimes a case a Sword and dagger Their horses were nimble light Gueldings fayre trotting and well ridden the furniture for the Horse was a strong Headstall and raynes a Bitt a Morocco Saddle Pettrell Crooper light trappings and other necessaries sutable The men to be handsome Yeomen or Serving-menâ— light timberd and of comely shape where it skils not much for the tallnes or greatnes of the bodie but for the height of spirit and the goodnesse of the inclination In which little David many times puts downe the greatest Goliah Thus for your knowledge nor your example I haue shewed you the severall Compositions and armings of Horsemen according to the auncient times when the Bow and the Hargobus had the first place and the Musquet and other fierie weapons lay obscured But to come to these our present times wherein the vttermost strength of the Fire is found out and explaned and to shew you that which you must onely imitate and follow you shall know that all our Horse-troopes are reduced to one of these three Formes The first and principall Troope of horsemen for the generalitie are now called Cuirassiers or Pistolleirs and these men ought to be of the best degree because the meanest in one of these Troopes is ever by his place a Gentleman and so esteemed They haue for defensiue Armes Gorget Curats Cutases which some call Culets others the Guard-de-Reine because it armeth the hinder parts from the wast to the Saddle-crootch then Pouldrons Vambraces a left hand Gauntlet Taces Cuisses a Caske a Sword Girdle and Hangers For offensiue armes they shall haue a case of long Pistolls fierlockes if it may be but Snaphaunces where they are wantingâ— The Barrels of the Pistolls would be 26. inches long and the Bore of 36. Bullets in the pound Flaske Priming-box Key and Moulds their horses should be stoned and of the best Râ—ces fayre trotting and well ridden for the Warres that is to say being able to passe a strong and swift Cariere to stop close to retire at pleasure and to turne readily on both hands either in large Rings or in strayt especially the Turne called Terra Terra the horse shall haue Saddle Bridle Bit Petrell Crooper with leathers to fasten his Pistols and his necessary sacke of carriage with other necessary things according to the forme of good Horsemanship The second sort of which many Troopes of Horse are compounded are called Hargobusseirs or Carbines these men ought to be the best of the first
in euery Conversion but chiefly in Wheeling Then Set a strayte turne to the right hand Set a strayte turne to the left This if the Horse be readie the Souldier shall doe by drawing vp his bridle-Bridle-hand strayte and turning it inward to the side on which he would turne and then clapping the calue of his outward legge hard to the Horses side and jetting it sodainly forward againe and if there be dulnesse by giuing the Spurre on the outside also he shall make the Horse turne Terra Terra in as small a Circumference as may be And this serveth for Counter-marches Charges or any sodaine Assault or Ingagement Then Passe sidewayes to the right hand Passe sidewayes to the left Passe sidewayes to both by devision Any of these the Souldier must doe by a constant restraynt of his Bridle hand and as it were carrying the foreparts of the Horse to that side he would passe as also laying his contrary legge and sometimes his Spurre to the contrary side and so making his hinder parts to goe equally with his fore-parts And this lesson serues for the Closing and opening of Fyles Lastly Passe a Cariere and stop close This the Souldier shall doe by thrusting the horse violently forward both with his legs and bodie and giuing libertie to the Bridle As soone as the Horse is started into his Gallop he shall giue him the even stroake of his Spurres once or twice together and make the Horse runne to the height of his full speede then being at the end of the Cariere which will not be aboue sixe score or eight score yards he shall then draw vp his Bridle-hand very hard and constantly and laying the calues of both his legges gently to the Horses sides make the Horse stop close to the ground with onely a comely Aduancement And this serveth for all manner of Charges whether it be Horse against Horse or Horse against Foote When your Souldier can doe these things perfectly he can then do as much as belongeth to the Manage and Government of the Horse You shall then proceede to the second instruction which is the Carriage and Vse of Armes contained in divers Postures Now for as much as the principall Weapons on Horsebacke are Pistolls Petronells or Dragons and that all these are with fire-lockes and those fire-lockes for the most part Snap-hances because the other are too curious and too soone distempered with an ignorant hand I will therefore vnder the name of the Pistoll onely without any tedious Comment giue you the names of the Postures not doubting but every man of Command will vpon the reading at the first sight finde out the application You shall vnderstand then that the Postures of the Pistoll-Snaphance are twentie-foure whereof three are to be done standing two Marching fourteene Charging and fiue Discharging The three Postures which are to be done standing are 1. Prepare for Service Which is to gagge the Flaske and to put Bullets into your mouth Then 2. The Scout Posture 3. The Saluting Posture The foureteene Postures which are vsed in Charging are 1. Draw vp your Cocke 2. Secure your Cocke 3. Open your Pann 4. Prime your Pann 5. Close your Pann 6. Shake off your loose cornes 7. Blow your Pann 8. Turne your Pistoll about into your left hand 9. Charge with Powder 10. Draw out your Scowring Sticke 11. Ramme in your Powder 12. Charge with Bullet 13. Ramme in your Bullet 14. Put vp your scowring sticke and stand readie The fiue Postures which are to be performed in Discharging are Draw downe your Hammer Vnloose your Cocke Present Giue fire Dismount your Pistoll and put it vp Now as in Foote Companies so in Horse-Troopes In the time of present service these many Postures are reduced vnto these three onely Make readie Present Giue fire The first is done Standing or Marching The second in the Charge and the last in the face of the Enemie Now for as much as time is precious this labour tedious and men vnwilling to take long paines it shall not be amisse for the speedier perfecting of the men first to labour the Leaders of the Fyles which should be the most sufficient men of the Troope in all these Lessons before shewed and then to make every Leader to instruct the Fyle he leadeth which will not onely make the Teachers striue to be excellent for their owne glory sake but also stirre in the other which are taught a braue ambition to equall or exceede those that informe them After they can thus Manage their Horses and handle their Armes in a decent manner you shall then come to the third Lesson which is Distance of place and orderly proportion A matter necessary and dependant vpon every Forme of Battayle and may not be absent eyther from Ranke or Fyle It is then to be vnderstood that in Horse-troopes there are but two sorts of Distances or Orders eyther in Rankes or Fyles That is Close Order and Open Order Close order in Fyles is Cuish to Cuish or knee to knee and Open order in Fyles is six foote which is accounted an Horse length So Close order in Rankes is to the Horses Crooper or without Streete and Open order is sixe foote aboue which the Rankes must never open And therefore that the Troop may March orderly and keepe their Distance truly let the whole Troope in Marching mooue all at one instant that is when the head begins then the Reare to be ready so shall they seldome be found to erre disorderly Also you must know that when the Troope cometh to March in Battalia that then they must March at their Close Order in Fyles and at Open Order in Rankes But when they come to doe the Evolutions or motions in warre then they must be at their Open-order both in Fyles and Rankes The distance betwixt Troope and Troope ought to be twentie-fiue paces and betweene Regiment and Regiment fiftie paces And thus much for distance or proportion of place The fourth Lesson succeeding for the vse of the Horse-Troopes is March or Motion both of the horse and man performed in an orderly and comely manner without neglect of any of the three former Lessons already described for in all these motions following there must be a true Manage of the Horse and government of the mans bodie a formall and cunning carriage of the Weapon and a due observation in keeping the iust measure and proportion in distances according to direction Now the words of especiall direction for the particular Motions on horsebacke in any Battalia are these or the like following Stand right in your Fyles Stand right in your Rankes And this is to stand truly man after man and horse after horse as also man against man and horse against horse Then Silence Open your Rankes Open your Fyles to the right hand Open your Fyles to the left Open your Fyles to both hands by devision And any of