with the Motions themselues bee duly obserued which is easily performed when these soure keepe euen for the right Leader and his middle Leader may see that the three Leaders betwixt them doe their duties and the left hand Leader with his middle Leader the other three betwixt them Now resteth to teach what bee the other particuler Duties of the Leaders Bringers vp and Middle-men of the Fyles as also what the Duties of those Leaders who in the Body of the tenne Fyles are to doe their Office to the Body as the others are to euery fyle apart The Leaders of the fyle ought to be as followeth As he is the Chiefe of the ten so is he to be respected and obeyed by them in these thinges they are to shew themselues in their Armes when bee requireth it aswell because it is his Office to see them kept cleane as to teach them the true vse of their Armes to acquaint them how euery one is to take his place in the fyle to make them perfect in all manner of Duties as March Motions Fight Workes Distances and Measures as also to instruct them in the vnderstanding of all Commandements by Drum or by voyce or by any other Signall appointed as also how to behaue themselues in making their Quarter and making their Cabbins wherein hee himselfe when he is joyned with other fyles is by his owne due obseruance of the Directions giuen to shew them the way and make himselfe their example The Bringer vp as hee is the second in worth so ought hee to be the second in estimation and to be held as the Lieutenant of the Fyle not onely to assist the Leader in euery thing of his Dutie and in his sicknesse or absence to execute his Office but to take care also his fyle being ranged with a Body of Fyles that his fyle keepe his order duely especially that halfe that is next him for the Bringers vp are of speciall vse in March Motion and Fight as also the Middle-men in part because they stand aptly for the gouerning of the Fyle hauing euery disorder in their eye And if by the turning the Front to the Reere there be occasion to resist in the Reere or by Deuiding the one halfe as it falls out many times both in Front and Reere then is hee in all thinges to demeane himselfe as is before mentioned in the Dutie of Leaders As for the Middle-men they are not onely for Distinction sake though it bee the chiefe end but are vpon the Deuiding of the body sometimes to doe the dutie of Leaders more often of Bringers vp because they close the Reere of each Deuision and are to see those of their fyles before them doe their Duties But if the Body bee to bend all his force forwards then is the Middle-man of the fist place to Discharge himselfe as is before mentioned and to see that the three Souldiers before him doe their Duties by keeping their Orders filling and supplying the places of the slaine Souldiers before them and the Enemy being broken it is their Duties to stirre them vp to follow the chase sharply The Middle-man of the sixt place is vpon the time of a Charge to leaue a little space betwixt the other Middle man and himselfe vnlesse it bee thought necessary to support the first Shocke of the Enemy by standing closely joyned In Fight both Leaders Bringers vp Middle-men and all the rest in generall are to keepe their Distances in Fyle and Rancke diligently to bee silent and attentiue to the voyce of the Commander to obserue the measures of March and Skirmish duly not to bend their Weapons or offer Fight before they may well do it as also not to forbeare it or performe it lazily when time serueth not to leaue his place through Cowardise or sence of slight hurts to succeed willingly and readily in the emptie place before him the Souldier that possessed it being slaine or grieuosly hurt and no longer able to resist not to leaue their places for the carrying away of their fellowes that are hurt not to step vntimely or presse ouer hastily to the Fight either exceeding the measure of the March or before the Souldier before him by giuing backe shew that hee cannot make his place good any longer This shall satisfie at this time for the Duties of the Leaders Bringers vp and Middle-men with the rest of the Fyles in a Company wee will now goe forwards to the Distances and Motions with which they are to be acquainted Of Distances The distances are all to be reckned from the Centinels of the souldiers that is from the midst of the space betweene the one mans feet to the midst betweene the other mans feet that orders with him FOr auoyding of confusion it shall be good to set downe before we goe any further what Distances you are to obserue betweene the Ranks the Fyles which I would haue only three to wit open order order close order your first Distance is your open order when your men both in Ranke and Fyle stand remoued sixe foot in square from one another which Distance you are alwaies to range your Troupe when you will exercise your Motions Your second distances is your order which is when the Souldiers in their rankes and Fyles stand three foot remoued asunder which is vsed when you will imbattaile your Troups and lead them against the Enemie or when you come to stand or meane to wheele the Body For when you march you are to obserue three foot betweene the Fyles and sixe betweene the Ranks vnlesse you march with your Pikes aduanced in which case you may keepe your meaner order of fixe foot in square Because the measure of this Distance cannot be taken so iustly by the Eye we take the distance of sixe foot betweene Fyle and Fyle by commanding the Souldiers to stretch forth their armes and stand so remoued one from another that their hands may touch and for the Rankes we make account we take the same Distance of sixe foot when the butt end of the Pikes doe almost reach the heeles of those that march before them Your third and last distance is your close order when the Fyles ioyne shoulder to shoulder and the rancks come vp to the Swords point which is of vse in some kindes of motion but chiefly when you will make the Troups seeme lesse or in the passage of some straight or when of neces forced to breake through an Enemy or when you receaue a charge of Horse or of Foot that purposeth to breake through you We take the second order or distance of 3. foote from Fyle to Fyle by bidding the Souldiers to set their armes akenbowe and ioyne themselues so close that their Elbows meet together and the Ranks when they come vp almost to the swords point When you meane to charge you must aduance your Pikes and close your rankes to the distance of three foot and when the signall or word to
Bringers vp get the places the Leaders marched from the Leaders the places where the Bringers vp stood The words of direction To the right or left hand Coūtermarch and stand The very same is done otherwise thus Assoone as you haue giuen the word Countermarch and the Leaders begin to turne at the same time and instant all the Body shall mooue forward and the Ranckes aduance successiuely one after another still turning after their Leaders as they come vp to the place from whence they mooued and following them till the Leaders haue taken the place of the Bringers vp and the Bringers vp bee come into the places of the Leaders The words are to the right or left hand Counter-march Counter-march by Fyles The Counter-marching of Fyles for the manner of it is nothing different from the former of Rankes Onely when you will Counter-march your Fyles you must first bid them to the right hand or left hand and when they are turned towards that flancke from whence you meant to Counter-march you must say To the right or left hand Counter-march The vse is when you will passe your Musquetiers all to one flancke or any Maniple or Maniples to any other Quarter of the Army either from the right hand to the left or to the middle Battell or any contrary When you will Wheele the body or Maniple to the right hand you must command the right hand Fyle to stand firme Wheeling the Body then Command them to the right hand and all of them shall turne their faces that way so as the whole Body will front towards the right flancke Then say Fyles to your order and all of them shall close forward toward the right fyle at the distance of 3. foot and this perforformed bid them Front as they were Then say Rankes to your Order and all the Rankes shall close forward to 3. foot And this being effected Command the right Leader to stand firme like the fixed foot of a Compasse and all the rest plumpe together to Wheele to the right hand about him as the Center which will bring the Front from the vsuall aspect to the right flanke Now as the body Wheeles so the right Leader must obserue to turne his body by Discretion in his place keeping his aspect euen with the aspect of the rest of the Leaders as they winde themselues and thus your Directions will bee accomplished The same thinges to the contrary must bee likewise obserued when you will wheele to the best Flancke If you will bring the aspect of the Front towards the Reere then you must giue them the halfe turne by wheeling one quarter turne more then you did before If you will returne the Body into his place againe you may wheele it round by giuing it one halfe turne more hauing once already had an halfe turne which will bring that Aspect backe againe that way from whence it was first mooued But if the Body haue made but a quarter turne to the right hand then before you wheele them backe you must say To the right hand And all of them will turne their faces that way then bid the Leader who was the right hand Leader and is now become the left to stand firme And the rest to wheele backe againe about him the quarter turne then let them Front as they were and so your first Ranke of Leaders hath gotten the place from whence at first it wheeled Then say Rankes open backward And when the Rankes haue taken their first places and Distances then say Fyles to the left hand open so all the Fyles turning their Aspect towards the left flanke march from the right hand Leader who hath his place already and therefore is to stand firme till they haue taken all the first places and Distances and then they must Front againe as they were And thus they are restored to their first Ground and Order When you intend to wheele a single Company you must Double their Rankes before they wheele in regard the Body is but small but in a Diuision or greater Body you close both Ranke and Fyle to the Order of three foot omitting to Double The same Precepts are to bee vsed to the contrary hand if you bee wheeled to the left flanke Now wee will say somewhat of Exercising the Pyke before we come to the Musquetier The punctuall handling of the Pyke which euery man is to bee practised in because it is common wee will omit and proceed to the tearmes of Direction which are these viz. Aduance your Pykes Order your Pykes Shoulder your Pykes and slope them Charge your Pykes Order your Pykes Trayle your Pykes Cheeke your Pykes These following Motions are to bee performed both Standing and Marching When you Charge and March your Body must stand still a while till you see your Pykes are all couched ouer their Leaders shoulders then March forwards CHarge your Pykes Shoulder your Pykes To the right hand Charge Shoulder your Pykes To the left hand Charge Shoulder your Pykes To the Reere Charge Shoulder your Pykes Stand. Order your Pykes They must obserue when they Charge standing to fall backe with the right leg and Marching to set forward the left When you Charge to the left hand stand firme with the right leg only turne a litle on your left heele Now for the Musquetiers because some Motions there are proper and belonging to them onely For the handling the Musquet and the Postures wee will omit them and onely tye you in the Exercise to these three tearmes of Directions which include all the other particularities Make ready Present Giue Fire Your Musquetiers must obserue in all their Actions to turne to the Right hand and that they carry the mouthes of their Musquets high as well when they are Shouldered as in Priming as also when they hold their Pannes guarded and come vp to giue fire All Skirmishes and Fights are performed one of these three wayes either by Aduancing or Retiring or by the Flanke In Aduancing towards an Enemy if they Skirmish not disbanded they giue fire by Ranke after this manner Two Rankes must alwayes make ready together and aduance tenne paces before the Body at which distance a Sergeant or when the body is great some better quallified Officer is to stand euen with whom the Musquetiers are to come vp which they are to performe one Ranke still one after another the second Ranke obseruing still to keepe their Musquets vpon their Rests and to guard their Pannes till the first haue discharged and be fallen away then presently after them the second Ranke is to giue fire and fall away after the first Ranke falling euen behind the other Rankes in the Reere and falling vp after them whilest the first two Rankes come vp and giue Fire the two next are to make ready and to aduance forwards as farre as the afore mentioned Officer and no further assoone as euer the two first are falne away and they are to doe all thinges in
the same manner they did before them and so all the other Rankes by twoes one after another When they haue presented no man must be suffered to Discharge his Musquet till the word Giue Fire bee giuen and then the whole Ranke must be taught to Discharge hansomely and altogether no man being permitted to take his ayme higher then the Girdle or the Middle of a man When you will acquaint them to giue Fire retyring from an Enemy you must do it in this manner As the Troupe marcheth the last Ranke makes ready and beeing ready turneth at an instant to the right hand Presents and giues Fire which being performed they March one after another a good round pace towards the Front and there place themselues together before the Souldiers as soone as the aforesaid first Ranke is turned to Discharge the Ranke next it makes ready and when the formost is Marched away the second comes vp after the same manner the former did Presenting giuing Fire falling away and performing all thinges in the same sort the former did so successiuely the rest one after another We giue fire by Flankes thus The outmost Fyle next you must be Cōmanded to make ready Marching still along with the body till such time as they be ready then they are to turne at the Signall giuen vpon the Enemy giue Fire altogether at one time when they haue Discharged they stirre not but stand firme keeping their Ground and Charging their Musquets againe Now assoone as the foresaid Fyle turnes to giue Fire the outmost next it must make ready alwayes Marching along with the Body till the Bringer vp bee past a little beyond the Leader of the Fyle that gaue fire last and then the second outmost Fyle must turne altogether and giue fire doing as the first did and so all the rest of the Fyles successiuely one after another A Sergeant or if the Troupe bee great some better qualified Officer shall stand at the head of the first fyle and as soone as the second fyle hath giuen fire he is to lead forwards the first fyle and so the rest one after another till he hath gathered vp the whole wing of Shotte and then hee shall ioyne them againe in equall front with the Pykes Another way of skirmishing is this all the whole wing of Musketiers makes ready altogether and the first ranke without aduancing giues fire in the place it stands in and speedily as it may yet orderly falls away all the ranks doing the same one after another successiuely Now last of all we will repeate the termes of directions which are these Motions standing and Marching Fyles right your Selues Ranks right your Selues Silence To the right hand As you were To the left hand As you were By the right hand to the Reere As you were By the left hand to the Reere As you were Rankes to the right hand Double As you were Ranks to the left hand Double As you were Middle-men to the right hand Double the Front As you were Middle-men to the Left hand double the Front As you were Bringers vp to the Right hand Double your Front As you were Bringers vp to the Left hand Double your Front As you were Middle-men by Deuision Double your Front to the right hand As you were Middle-men by Deuision Double the Front to the left hand As you were Middle-men to the Pyke or to the Sword Double the Body As you were Ranks by the Flankes Double the Body to the right hand to the left hand As you were Halfe Ranks by the Flanks Double the Front As you were To the right or left hand Counter-march As you were This is for the Ranks but when you will Counter-march your Flanks or Fyles you must first bid them to the right or left hand vpon which directions they will turne their faces to the flanke you desire to haue them turned and then say as you did before in the Countermarching the Ranks To the right or to the left hand Counter-march The same also is to be losed in the other Counter-marches which are these viz. To the right hand Countermarch and stand As you were Before you wheele the Body you shall vse these words Fyles close to your meane order or to 3. foot Ranks close to your meane order or to 3. foot Aduance your Pykes Slope your Musquets To the right hand Whele To the left hand Whele To the Reere Whele After you haue wheeled to the right hand to wheele backe againe must be euer to the contrary hand you wheeled first Front as you were Ranks open backward Fyles open If before the first wheeling they closed co the right hand then they must open to the left hand and so the contrary Front as you were FJNIS
hee shall receiue or fetch from the Sergeant Major of the Regiment The Office of a Corporall of a Company THough it very seldome happen that he hath charge of the Company yet if such an accident should fall out that all the superiour Officers were absent then the command doth belong to him To his place belongeth properly the command of one Squadron of the Company which hee is to deuide into Comradoes or Fellowships to see all that are within that squadron wel exercised in their Armes to keepe them and weare them Souldier-like to deliuer munitions of Victuals or Armes to gouerne the Watch worke or Seruice and to take care in euery respect that they doe the Duties of good Souldiers When the Drum beateth to the gathering of the Company the Corporals are immediatly to bee in readinesse themselues and to call together their Squadrons with the which they shall repayre to their Colours and if any of their Squadrons bee wanting without leaue they shall giue notice therof to their Captaine and shall prosecute the said absence to the punishing of them Hee shall haue at the least a third part of the Company vnder his Squadron which being deuided into Files hee himselfe shall bee Leader of the chiefe File and with the same alwayes to take place on the right hand of his Squadron which shall bee compounded of one of the two sorts of Armes now in vse Pikes and Muskets Hee shall not in case of any default by absence leaue the place voyd vnsupplyed vnlesse the same fall out to be the Leader or bringer vp whose place shall be euer supplyed by the next In Marching and Fighting the Corporall of the Company hath no command but of the File which each of them leades They are to see to the opening of their Files and Ranckes and to the doubling of the same to follow the sound of the Drum and to obserue euery other Motion that shall be commanded by the chiefe Officer alwayes prouided that he start not out of his place nor vse any command of himselfe When the Squadron is to Watch he shall at the sound of the Drum assemble them and repayre to his Ensigne and shall see them fully furnished of their Armes Powder Match Bullets and all things else that shall be necessary to the Armes they carry whereof they shall be supplyed by the Sergeant of the Company Hee is to be lead by his Sergeant to the place of his Watch and from him to receiue the Word and Directions in what manner and where hee shall place his Centenels as well by day as by night which he is to see performed His Centinels being placed hee is to let none passe his Guard without the word vnlesse the Captaine of the watch or the Sergeant Major to whom after he knoweth them he is to deliuer the Word the first round onely In taking the Word hee is neuer to goe further forth then to the Centinell next his Guard and when the outermost Centinell giueth him warning of the approach of any hee is to make his Guard stand to their Armes and to take three or foure out among them and so attend their comming hauing giuen direction to his outermost Centinels for that end to let them passe when they are approached neare him he is not to aduance out to them but to call out one of the company if more then one come together to him and so receiue the Word from him within the defence of those three or foure Soldiers he tooke with him who shall haue their Pikes charged and their Matches cokt till such time as the Corporall hath receiued the Word and giues them order to let them passe He shall so deuide his Centinels that euery mans taske may bee alike hee shall see them changed at due times and shall now and then visite them vnlooked for hee must warne his Centinels not to giue false Alarmes but with as silent noyse as is possible to aduertise his said Corporall who vpon any extraordinary occasion shall make his Squadron stand to their Armes and giue notice of the danger discouered to the next Guards and to the Captaine of the Watch. He shall make good the place of his Guard till he bee called from thence and not suffer any of his Squadron to leaue the same till he be releeued and he shall fulfill on his Guard all Commands that shall be published for the entring or going forth of the Souldiers At the comming of the reliefe hee shall put his Squadron into Armes and stand ready to receiue them and when his Centinels are relieued march to his Quarter If during the time of his Watch any of his Squadron shall haue offended hee is to Commit them and to acquaint his Captaine and chiefe Officers therewith If by any occasion of the Companies remoue he be drawne from his Guard before the 24. houres bee expired and that the Company lodge againe within the said time then shall the said Corporall with his said Squadron bee in readinesse to watch out the residue of the time in such place as he shall be appointed Lastly as the Corporall is next in degree to the Sergeant so in behauing himselfe well he may pretend to the place of a Sergeant when by any accident it shall be voyde The Office of a Lanspreado NExt to the Corporall is the Lanspreado who in the absence of the Corporall is in euery respect to doe his Office his owne proper place is to leade the left hand File of the Squadron and to haue of his owne and the Files adjoyning the same care for the obseruing of their Orders as is specified in the Corporals Office The Office of a Drum THere ought to bee two Drums in a Company and both perfect in euery necessary sound thereof who by turnes are to doe all the seruices belonging to the place and therefore in Field or in Garrison one of them is euer to giue attendance in the Quarters though the Company should at any time be freed of their dutie The Drum hauing warning to beat to the gathering of the company shall goe sounding from one end of the Quarter to the other twice and shall repayre to his Ensignes lodging When the Company marcheth one of them shall sound by turnes they shall one relieue the other When the Company shall bee joyned with others the Drummes shall take place by the appointment of the Drum Major and shall sound the same point and obserue the same time that the Drum doth that is next to the Colonell or chiefe Officer It is the office of a Drum when any of the Company are taken Prisoners to enquire after them and to carry their Ransome which he may boldly doe after he hath receiued a Pasport from the Generall or chiefe Commander of Army or Garrison where the Company is When hee is come neere to any place of the Enemies hee is to sound thrice and not to approach too neere till hee be setcht in by some of
Hargubusiers going many times in small Troups the Corporals haue therefore ordinarily more imployment then the Launces or Curasiers The Troupes of Harquebusiers doe ordinarily battle least rude and serue for the Vandguard it belonging to them to send forth their Auant Curriers which charge is giuen to one of the Corporalls which must bee a man of good experience that he must be able to know how to acquit himselfe in a charge of that importance If it be necessary to guard a Passage or place of importance the custome is to send a Corporall with his Squadron thither In occasions of fight we are wont to send out Corporals with their whole Squadrons to the skirmish after the Lieutenant is first gone out for that purpose for hee is alwayes the first The Corporals ought to reade and write because they are to keepe a list of the Souldiers of their Squadrons to the end hee may distribute vnto them equally their Duties The Captaines are conformable to allow vnto the Corporals an halfe part of the forrage and giue them the tenth part in a hundred The Dignitie of Souldiers in their Fyles Of the Ordering of a Foot Company and of the Dignitie of each Souldier in their Fyle With the manner of Exercising now vsed FIrst it is meete for diuers good respects that your men bee deuided into Companies and the Soldiers of these Companies into their Fyles Now a Fyle consisteth of ten Souldiers armed alike whereof euery one knoweth his place all of them standing in a direct line downeward and behind one another and comprehended betweene the Leader and the bringer vp It is likewise necessary for the giuing of due strength and reciprocall proportion that the men of each sort of Armes bee so indifferently deuided both for the number and qualitie of the men that in euery of the said Fyles there may be an equall distribution both of the better and worser sort This may be done the number of men being first knowne and how many of each sort of Armes you haue by choosing first out of euery of the said sorts so many of the best men as the whole number will make Fyles through so many second and so onwards still choosing of the better sort till the tenth man bee chosen The men thus chosen shall be deuided in manner as followeth The first choise because they are men of best worth shall stand in the Front and command the rest of the Fyle and these men are to be knowne by the name of Leaders Those of the second choise because they are next in account are to stand in the Reere or last place of the tenne and are to bee knowne by the name of Bringers vp Those of the third and fourth choise are to take the fifth and sixth places in the Fyle and are to bee knowne by the names of Middlemen to wit the fifth the Leaders middle-man the sixth the Bringers vp middle-man The fifth sixth and seauenth choise to be ranged in the second third and fourth places The eighth ninth and tenth choise to bee in the seauenth eight and ninth places by which discription it falls out that the tenth and last place of men reckoning from the first downeward taketh the ninth place of the Fyle These men thus deuided into Fyles it will be necessary for the effecting of these thinges that be required by this Discipline That as the Souldiers haue their places in the Fyles according to the worth of each man so the Fyles themselues should haue their particuler degrees and places to which end the Companies shall likewise consist of tenne Fyles which shall take their places one by the other in Front and Rancke as the Souldiers in euery Fyle did before in Depth Following which course the first Fyle shall stand on the right hand of the rest the second Fyle in Dignitie shall stand on the left hand outermost of the tenth To bee considered whether it were not better to reckon your degrees at the 8. th 9. th and tenth Fyle The third and fourth in Dignitie shall take the fifth and sixth places being in the middle places of the tenne The fifth sixth and seauenth shall stand in the second third and fourth places reckoning from the right hand toward the middle Fyle The eight ninth and tenth Fyle in the seaunth eighth and ninth places from the left hand Fyle to the middle Fyle So that in euery Fyle the tenth and last man in Dignitie standeth in the ninth place reckoning from the Leaders downward the second in value the tenth and last place So among the Fyles the tenth which is the Fyle of least account taketh the ninth place reckoning from the right hand Fyle which is the first in Dignitie and account and the second in Dignitie holds the tenth place being the outermost on the left hand as the first is on the right These tenne Fyles I would haue knowne still by their degrees of Value as first second third fourth fifth sixth seauenth eighth ninth and tenth and not by the places they stand in when they are ranged which notwithstanding may serue guide the men to their places because they neuer change their standings The Dignitie of Leaders ANd as the Soldiers in euery Fyle shall take no place till their Leaders set forward at which time they are all to follow successiuely as they are to stand in the fyle that the last man may fall hindermost so none of the fyles shall take place till the first fyle hath taken his and then the rest as they are to stand the one by another to take their places so that still the outermost fyle to the left hand is to take his place last which māner being obserued and duely executed 2. 6. 10. 8. 4. 3. 7. 9. 5. 1. 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0. Front Leaders men are ranged in an instant without any confusion or helpe of Officers Now as in Fyles the dutie of the Middle-man is to keepe those before him in a right line 1 0. 5 0. 9 0. 7 0. 3 0. 4 0. 8 0. 10 0. 0 6. 2 0. The Dignity of men in their Fyle and for the Bringer vp to doe the like to the middle-men and those before them As also if diuers fyles bee joyned in one body together to keepe in euen rancke with the others so are the Leaders of the Fyles also in the Front to keepe euen with themselues and with the other Troupes when any march in or Front with them and to obserue like distances in their fyles and to take care either Marching or going to Charge to keepe such Distances in the body they make as may bee best for ease and for the safetie of the men wherein the two outmost fyles are to vse the greatest obseruance The Fyles being ranged the foure chiefe Leaders to wit the right lest and the two middle Leaders are to take care that the Front bee kept euen and that the Distances in all motions together
charge is giuen then the rankes must close to the Swords point but this closing of the Swordes point is to bee vnderstood of the fiue first rankes which makes vp halfe the depth of the body for though the whole body doc aduance their Pikes and close their rankes to the distance three foot yet vpon the signall of charge the fiue last rankes shall neither couch or charge their Pikes nor cloase to their close order vnlesse there be an expresse command for it which command as I said before is neuer to be deliuered but when a great Shocke is giuen or sustained and then it is of vse for the holding and sholdring forward of the formost fiue rankes and as I take it will be performed with ease and strength whilst their Pikes are aduanced for it were bootlesse for those to bend that are without reach of an Enemy besides the aduantage in the vse of these fiue rankes if you should be charged in the Reere or vpon any other occasion and therefore in this sort would I haue the last fiue rankes with their Pikes aduanced to attend the opportunity of fighting Both the heauy Armed and the light Armed are to bee made acquainted with these distances there are also other Distances which I would haue the light Armed accustomed to and those likewise are of three sorts as the former which I would haue distinguished by the great the meane and the lesse of your open orders the great thirtie foot betweene Fyle and Fyle the meane twentie foot and the lesse fifteene foot but though the rankes alwayes obserue three foot onely the men in the Fyles are to side or stand stooping either to the right or left hand Diaginall to the distance the Fyles are ranged in either 3. feet 2. feet or 1 ½ feet to the hand required or shall be demonstrated in his place where I purpose to declare the vse of these Distances and my meaning herein your Musketiers are neuer to be closer then your meane order of three foot in square because they are to haue a free vse of their Armes The Generall motions which the Company or Troupes are to obserue NOw that I haue framed the Body in manner as you haue seene particularly inlarged euery part thereof with the distances to be vsed and obserued in all occasions I may boldly proceed to the orderly mouing of the same which I would gladly so effect that the whole Body or Troupe should moue as nimbly and with as small confusion as the body of man which by the due execution of that which followes may be in many performed But before I proceed to deliuer the Motions themselues I finde it requisite to giue these three rules which you are euer to obserue 1. All commands are to bee deliuered in the Front wheresoeuer it be 2. Whensoeuer the Flanck is made the Front the shott that are now in the Front and the Reere shall remoue and fall vpon the Flancks the right to the right and the left to the left 3. Whensoeuer these words of direction as you were are propounded it is meant thereby that you are to returne by the contrary hand to the place from whence you came as for example if you did turne to the right hand you are to returne as you were to the left hand and so in all other motions The motions of Troupes are two-fold of the whole or of part of the person of a Souldier in his station or of the limmes of the body constituted into Rankes or Fyles and these either of keeping or leauing the place they stand in In that of keeping their places the men only turne their bodyes the way which is commanded them in that of leauing their places the whole body moueth into an other place or a part thereof which motions for the better vnderstanding wee will distinguish the Rankes and Fyles By Ranks the body changing his place but so as the Leader of the corner Fyle of that hand to which the body wheeleth turnes his body only that way the Manaple moueth vnlesse in doubling of Rankes wherein it is changed but in part or by countermarching which may be done and the place kept This is mouing by ranckes which is to be vsed when we desire to keepe neere to our first station By Fyles howsoeuer each man in his owne place may alter or the men in their Fyles may change their places the Body or maine keepeth the proportion still vnlesse you make of the Flanke the Front wherein though the Maniple retayneth his order and so much ground yet not the same ground The motions of the person in his proper place are commanded by these termes of direction to wit to the right hand to the left hand and to the right or left hand about or to the Reere The motions of the lymbes is properly so termed when only some of them doe moue and the rest doe stand as in these words of commaund Rankes to the right or left hand double Fyles to the right or left hand double Ranks close forward Ranks open backwards Fyles to the right or left hand close or open to the distance you will haue them To the Right hand If you will make the right Flanke the Front then are you to say To the right hand at the deliuery of which words the Souldiers are presently to turne their faces that way and so your command will be performed To the Left hand In like sort if you will haue your left Flanke the Front you must say To the left hand and presently they will all turne their faces towards the left flancke When you will restore them backe againe to their first aspect you must say As you were By the right or left hand to the Reere When you will make the Reere the Front then are you to say By the right hand about or by the left hand about or to the Reere at which words euery Souldier is to turne his face to his backside Ranks close When you will close your Rankes you must say Ranks close which is alwayes to be vnderstood that all the Rankes moue at one instant close forwards to the first ranke of Leaders which is to stand firme Ranks open When you will open your ranks you must say Ranks open by which is alwaies vnderstood they are to open backward vnlesse an expresse commandement to the contrary Fyles to the right or left hand close So likewise if you will close the Fyles to any distance you must say Fyles to the right or left hand close to what order you please and then all of them turning their faces to that hand giuen moue ioyntly and wholly togeather sauing the outmost Fyle to that hand you close which is to stand firme till the Troupe haue gotten his distance and if you will restore them then you are to say As you were When the commandement is giuen for the altering any of the Distances by Fyles Fyles close without
any expresse mention to which hand they should open or close Then the whole Troupe is to edge indifferently and at an instant to both hands towards or from the middle space betweene the two middlemost Leaders The words of commandment are Fyles close Fyles open Fyles open There be two sorts of doubling The one by Ranks the other by Fyles and both these are performed diuers wayes as shall be shewed When an Enemie goeth about to disclose you with the ouer-breadth of his body it will bee necessary for you then to increase or double your Front which may be done either by Rankes when euery second ranke commeth betweene the distances of the Ranke before it and that either to the right or to the left hand Doubling of Ranks to the right or left hand The word of Directions are Ranks to the right or left hand double Middle-men to double their Ranks or Front to right or left hand Or by the Middle-man when the last fiue Rankes doe march vp through the spaces betweene the Fyles till the bringers vp middle-men be euen in front with the Leaders The words of command are Middle-men to the right or left hand Double your front Or by the bringers vp by Induction which is when the bringers vp doe aduance through the distances betweene the Fyles and next after them the next last Ranke and so the rest successiuely till the bringers vp bee in the ranke with the Leaders and their Middle-men with the Leaders middle-men and so the second third Bringers vp to double their Rankes on the Fronts and fourth ranks from the front The words of direction are Bringers vp to the right or left hand double the front Or by deuision when the last fiue Rankes doe turne their faces the one halfe in their fyles to the right hand and the other halfe to the left hand and so march forth from both the flancks till they haue gotten such a proportion of ground or distance as is answerable to the order the first fiue Ranks doe stand in and then presently without attending any further commandement they turne their faces againe towards the front and march vpon both flanckes till they come euen with the front Middle-men by Deuision double the Front The words of command Middle-men by deuision double the front Middle-men double the body This also may be performed to either hand without deuiding of the ranks by the marching forth onely of the whole fiue rankes together But in this case the Shott on both flanks or on either must edge outward till they haue giuen the Pikes a full distance to come vp betweene them and the formost fiue rankes of Pykes The words are Middle-men double the body Double the Front by the Hankes Or by ranke to either flanke which is when the second ranke is drawne out euen with the ranke before it The words are Double the front by the flanks Or by halfe rankes when euery second ranke diuideth it selfe and increaseth the former vpon each side Doubling of Fyles When you will haue the Body of greater depth then you must cause the one fyle to mingle with the fiue other either to the righ hand or to the left which is termed doubling of fyles and is performed after this manner Doubling of Fyles to the right or left hand If to the right hand then is the outermost fyle to the right hand to stand and the Leader of the second fyle shall side behinde the Leader of the first fyle and so of all the rest of the second fyle behinde those of the outmost fyle successiuely so as the bringer vp of the second fyle shall come to stand behinde the bringer vp of the first fyle and so likewise all the other fyles by euery second fyle So that the second fourth sixt eigth and tenth shall stand within or goe into the first third fifth seauenth and ninth all which in a knowne number of fyles may be done at once without confusion or disorder But because this manner of Doubling in the very orderliest best performance cannot but breake the Body by reason of the disioyning of Fyles I would rather put the one halfe of the Fyles behinde the other halfe which may bee speedily performed either by the aduancing of falling backe of the one halfe part of the Fyles the wordes of Direction are Fyle vpon fyle But if you desire to keepe the same ground then let the one halfe part of the fyle in the Body which is to Double close their Ranckes forwards towards the Leaders to halfe the Distance they were in before the Commandement was giuen And the other halfe part of the fyles in the Body to shorten their Distances toward the Reere or Bringers vp to halfe that they held backwards By which meanes it will fall out that the Leaders of the halfe which is to double will stand a little beyond the Bringers vp of the other halfe and by Edging of their fyles behind the other halfe may easily performe your Direction The wordes of Command are these Fyles double the Body to the right or left hand Counter-March COunter-Marches are two-fold for either wee Counter-march the Ranckes or the Fyles and these either by changing your ground or keeping still the same ground But though to shew the diuersitie of them the kindes are distinguished by Rankes and Fyles yet in the practice you are to nominate neither but are to say To the right or to the left hand Counter-march Counter-march and loose ground Counter-marching of Ranckes and altering of Ground are thus affected When the Command is deliuered the Leaders turne and passe through the Distances betweene thc fyles and when they are passed as farre beyond the next Ranke turnes after them and so successiuely the rest in due distance Marching out after their Leaders till they haue taken another like place from the Bringers vp equall to that they did possesse or otherwise passe on further at the discretion of the Commander The vse is when the Enemy shewes himselfe vpon your Reere and you desire to confront him with your best men the wordes of Direction are To the right or left hand Counter-march and passe if you will keepe the same Ground then thus The Leaders vpon the Word giuen must turne as before and March through the Distances of the fyles till they come betweene thc Distances where the Bringers vp stand and so the rest successiuely After them the Middle-men the ranckes of the second Middle-men standing firme till the fiue first Ranckes haue possessed the place betweene the last fiue and doe by that meanes double them Then the Middle-men to the Bringers vp without attending any further Command shall march till they haue gotten the distance of the Rancks which done they shall take their place right behind the Leaders Middle-men so the rest likewise successiuely Marching out after one another to the same distance shal turne take their places till the
Colonell shall be in the reere hee shall be in the head The Office of the Sergeant Maior IN the presence of his Colonell or Lieutenant Colonell hee shall be an assistant to them or either of them in seeing all Orders and Directions executed and performed and in the absence of them both to haue the same authoritie that the Colonell himselfe shall haue He shall lodge on the left hand of his Colonell as neere the end of his quarter as conueniently may be In Marching and Imbattelling hee shall keepe as neere the middest of his Regiment as he can but in the Flanke and so as he may best ouer-looke the order of his march or imbattelling He is to come to the Sergeant Major of the Army to receiue the Word from him if there bee no extraordinary cause to hinder him and when hee hath receiued the word from him he is to deliuer it ouer to the Sergeants of the Regiment and to all those to whom it doth appertaine and to see them executed Euery Night he is to visite all the Guards of that Regiment and to keepe account of the turnes of the Watches Marches and sending Troupes vpon seruice to the end both the labour and the honour may be equally deuided The Quarter Masters Office IN all changes of lodging hee is to attend the Quarter Master generall and to take the place by him assigned for the quartering of the Regiment in such forme as the Quarter Master generall shall direct him and then he shall appoint lodging to the Colonels and to the Officers according to the places they are to take in the Regiment and he shall not onely giue the height the bredth and the length of the Quarter to the furrier of euery Company but also the distances from the Trench if it be not an out Quarter and the distance of one Company from another and when the Companies shall lye in Townes and Villages hee is likewise to keepe proportion and follow the directions of the Quarter Master generall he shall lodge the Sutlers of that Regiment in the hindmost part of the Quarter such a distance as the Quarter Master generall shall appoint His place is to lodge on the backside of the quarter behind the lodging of the Lieutenant Colonell The Office of a Prouost of a Regiment HE shall see all Proclamations Orders or decrees that shall be published by the Prouost Marshall of the Army likewise published in the Regiment whereof he is Prouost Also he shall safely keepe all Prisoners committed to him and once a weeke to giue a note to the Prouost Marshall of the Army of all the Prisoners which is in his charge and of the causes of their Commitments Further he shall ouer-see all the Victualers of the Regiment that they sell not their Victuals either at vnteasonable prices or vnlawfull houres and shall on the other side be watchfull that no wrong bee done vnto them and if any bee that forthwith the partie doing wrong be brought before some Officer that hath authoritie to yeeld redresse and to that end he shall goe about the Quarter once euery fore-noone and euery after-noon once and once in the dead of the night if it may be conueniently performed Also he shall haue an Account giuen him euery night by the Victualers what victuals are in the Quarters and hee shall carry or send those notes to the Prouost Marshall of the Army When prizes or booties are brought in after the Prouost Marshall hath deuided the said prey or bootie to euery Regiment the Prouost of each Regiment shall deuide them to the Companies It is his duty to see all the Quarter kept sweet and cleane all garbidge and filth buried and to suffer nothing that may annoy the Quarter within such a distance as shall bee appointed him by the Prouost Marshall of the Army Hee is to lodge in the middest of the Victualers of the Regiment He shall come to the Carriage Master for direction where the baggage of that Regiment shall March where they shall assemble and what wayes they shall goe which directions he shall see performed After hee bath giuen the first place to the Colonels baggage hee shall marshall the rest by turnes as the Companies shall march Also he shall see the wayes made for the Carriage and the carriage accompanied with men sufficient and with Instruments to helpe or mend any thing that is amisse in the wayes or carriages or if any carriage shall be vnable to goe he shall prouide that it be no stop or hinderance to the rest The Office of a Captaine of foote HEE hath proportionably the same commandement ouer his Company that a Colonell hath ouer his Regiment and so all his Officers and Souldiers are to obey him When hee receaueth his Company and his Armes hee is to choose his men and to sort them to their Armes as he shall thinke fit prouided that he make his ablest men armed men and Musquetiers if he be to arme them himselfe he shall make the one halfe Pikes the other halfe Musquetiers Hee shall choose his Officers such as others haue had in the like place heretofore and are of experience and good gouernment or such as haue made themselues knowne to be fit for the like Hee shall deuide his Company into three Corporal-ships Hee shall take care and labour to teach all his Souldiers the carriage and vse of their Armes to keepe their orders in marching or imbatelling to vnderstand all manner of motions and sounds of the Drumme to this end he shall haue vsuall times of Exercising which shall be once aday at the least till all his men be perfect In marching with his company alone he shall be in the head of his company going towards an Enemy and in the reere-ward comming from an Enemie In Marching with a Regiment he is to receiue his directions from the Sergeant Maior of the Regiment and to martiall his seuerall sorts of weapons as he shall be by him directed and shall appoint to euery deuision of his Company such an Officer as the Sergeant Maior of the Regiment shall direct And for the place it shall be where the said Sergeant Maior shall assigne him In imbatailing hee is to order his Troupes as the Sergeant Maior of the Regiment shall direct to be himselfe where his Colonell or superiour officer shall command him In lodging he shall take his quarter assigned according to his degree and place in the Regiment and shall see it built and ordered according to the directions his superiours hath receiued and that there be deuisions both of the quarter into squadrons and the squadrons into Comradoes or fellowships He shall haue his quarter kept sweet for healthfulnesse and quiet for order especially in the night If his whole company bee appointed to march he shall draw out his company and stand in Armes ready to march before his quarter attending the directions of the Sergeant Maior of the Regiment When he is brought to the place of
distribution of the Billets to the end that vpon any occasion or when any Alarme happens the Souldiers may know whereto come together and ioyne themselues to their Cornet if they shall tarry longer then one day in a place the Leiftenant is to visit the Horses to see how the Souldiers gouerne themselues and that they indamage not their Hostes which if he finde to remedy making the Captaine acquainted with euery thing and when afterwards they doe dislodge the Leiftenant must command their fires to be put out and see it performed Going to lodge in any Village or Fort or to be in Garrison that the Leiftenant ought so to accommo date the extraordinary reformed Officers and others according to their merits In all places where they lodge more then once aday the Leiftenant shall write the names of the Souldiers vpon the Billets and shall keepe a Register of those Billets that when their Hosts shall come to make any complaint he may readily finde their names and chastise them as he sees cause When the Troupe is to march and that the Trumpets sound to horse the Leiftenant must bee first in order and on horse-backe taking care that all the Souldiers doe the like with diligence and if he finde any of them negligent in this point be it either through an ill custome or of purpose to loyter behinde and pillage the houses he must punish them presently with all seuerity for an axample to others It is necessary for the Leiftenant to haue knowledge of the country and of the waies there happening many occasions that he is to send out to discouer and beate the coasts about the commodity of Guides not being at all times found In case the Troupe be charged by the Enemie the Leiftenant with some few Souldiers being best mounted must stay behinde Cornet THe Cornet in the absence of the Captaine and Leiftenant commaunds the Troupe In marching he goes alwayes in the head of the Troupe yet behinde the Captaine who must suffer no man to march beyond the Standard or to be equall with him In occasion of fight the Cornet of a company of Lances shall take his place on the left hand of the Captaine and equall in front with him and going to the Shocke together with him must indeuour to breake his Cornet or Standerd vpon the Enemy which Standard falling so to the ground he is not to take care to take it vp and if any man shall take it vp and restore it him againe he must not put it againe vpon his Staffe nor no new in the place without the permission of the Generall In occasion of fight with foote the Cornet of Lances must likewise breake his Standard vpon the same foote but neither vpon Foote nor Horse that is turned and running away The Cornet of Curasiers in marching goes before the troupe with his Cornet as also when hee presenteth himselfe in the place of Armes and when hee is to salute he is to doe it in the same manner as the Cornet of Lances doth In the time of fight the Cornet of Curasiers is to take his place in the middle of the Troupe leaning behinde him the two third parts of the Troupe and the other part that is before must bee those that be best armed and the best men The Cornet ought to keepe a List of the names of the Souldiers of the Troupe In all occasions of Mutiny discord and disputes he is presently to informe his Captaine and Leiftenant and to be assistant to the Captaine and Leiftenant or either of them in seeing all directions performed that are commanded by a superiour Officer as also all such as the Captaine hath authority to command The Quarter Master his Office THe Quarter Master is to fetch the word euery night and the directions from the Sergeant Maior of the Horse he is to distribute the Billets among the Souldiers and was wont to dedeliuer out their pay vnto them which now is giuen out by the Leiftenant of the Troupe though in my opinion not so well for it were much better that the Captaine or Leiftenant should call the Quarter Master apart appointing him the manner how he should pay the Souldiers to leaue the discharge of it to him which without doubt would giue greater contentment because the Souldier in this point of his accompt may speake more freely with the Quarter Master then the other Officers who by this meanes also are deliuered from a great many harsh replyes which they must ordinarily receiue from the Souldiers to the diminishing the respect they ought to beare them He is to attend the Quarter Master Generall and to take his orders from him of lodging the Troupe carrying with him one or two Souldiers appointed him by the Leiftenant that he may the better aduertise the Troupe where they shall lodge In the absence of the Cornet Leiftenant and Captaine he is to command the Company Trumpet THere ought to be two Trumpets in euery Troupe of Horse who ought to be diligent to sound precisely at the times appointed one of them is to be euer with the Cornet vpon all occasions When the Troupe doth march they goe before the Captaine in the head of the Troupe and in fight in the flancke of the Troups In Lodging the one lodgeth with the Captaine the other with the Cornet Going out of their lodging either on foot or on Horse-backe they are neuer to leaue off their Trumpets but alwayes to haue it by them They are imployed in Messages for Prisoners and other occasions to the Enemie and therefore ought to bee intelligent men and well gouerned that they may be able to discouer and at their returne to giue an accompt of any aduantage of disorder or important things they are able to learne among the Enemies as also to keepe themselues so as they discouer nothing that may offend their own party Briefly many important seruices may be drawne from them and good vse made prouided they bee discreet Corporall of Horse THough there haue beene some who are of opinion that it is not necessary to haue a Corporall in a Troupe of Lances and Curasiers notwithstanding I finde this Officer necessary for by the meanes of a Corporall the duties are better distributed and they themselues goe forth with the Leiftenant to assist him to place his Centinels when it is the Souldiers turne of their Squadron to doe it and in sudden occasion of sending out a number of Souldiers the easiest way is to command a whole Squadron to the seruice their lodgings also are made and distributed with more facility especially when the Troupe is not lodged altogether in one place and when there are few houses to be distributed the houses being distributed so many to a Squadron the Leiftenant giues the Billets thereof to each Squadron whereby he is to lodge his Souldiers In Troups of Harquebufiers we vse no Corporalls and they are of better esteeme because they haue euer beene there and the