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motion_n themselves_o and_o to_o be_v apply_v to_o celerity_n by_o shortness_n of_o speech_n short_a speech_n be_v better_a carry_v away_o and_o soon_o put_v in_o execution_n than_o speech_n that_o be_v long_o yet_o be_v not_o such_o a_o shortness_n to_o be_v affect_v as_o will_v bring_v with_o it_o obscurity_n according_a to_o the_o say_n of_o the_o poet_n brevis_fw-la esse_fw-la laboro_fw-la obscurus_fw-la fio_fw-la i_o labour_v to_o be_v short_a and_o so_o become_v obscure_a and_o therefore_o i_o take_v the_o practice_n of_o french_a commander_n when_o they_o command_v face_v in_o these_o word_n a_o droie_v a_o gauche_fw-fr to_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a without_o add_v face_n and_o likewise_o of_o the_o netherlander_n in_o imitation_n of_o the_o french_a reehe_n they_z slink_v they_o and_o of_o some_o english_a in_o these_o word_n to_o the_o right_n to_o the_o left_a not_o pronounce_v the_o motion_n which_o be_v to_o be_v make_v to_o the_o hand_n appoint_v these_o i_o say_v i_o take_v to_o be_v without_o the_o warrant_n of_o reason_n and_o of_o all_o antiquity_n from_o which_o aelian_n draw_v this_o rule_n for_o the_o command_n of_o right_n and_o leave_v alone_o show_v that_o the_o commander_n will_v have_v a_o motion_n perform_v to_o the_o name_v hand_n but_o leave_v uncertain_a what_o the_o motion_n shall_v be_v so_o that_o albeit_o some_o soldier_n fall_v to_o a_o countermarch_n some_o other_o to_o wheel_v or_o to_o double_v or_o to_o face_n they_o be_v to_o be_v repute_v blameless_a and_o to_o have_v perform_v that_o which_o their_o direction_n will_v they_o to_o do_v because_o the_o command_n be_v of_o move_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n only_o not_o show_v what_o motion_n shall_v be_v make_v to_o either_o hand_n shortness_n therefore_o be_v require_v by_o aelian_n but_o such_o a_o shortness_n as_o
81._o a_o battle_n and_o to_o behold_v a_o direct_a space_n betwixt_o file_n and_o rank_n for_o that_o be_v the_o grace_n and_o beauty_n as_o i_o may_v term_v it_o of_o a_o phalange_n order_v for_o fight_n this_o proportion_n can_v be_v maintain_v without_o observe_v distance_n curious_o open_v order_n be_v six_o foot_n both_o in_o rank_n and_o file_n betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n every_o way_n if_o then_o any_o soldier_n in_o file_n gather_v up_o to_o his_o leader_n and_o stand_v at_o distance_n of_o three_o foot_n it_o be_v manifest_a that_o his_o rank_n be_v thereby_o disturb_v and_o make_v uneven_a although_o the_o file_n continue_v straight_o contrariwise_o if_o he_o bear_v himself_o out_o of_o his_o place_n three_o foot_n towards_o either_o of_o his_o sideman_n by_o this_o mean_v he_o disorder_v his_o file_n and_o make_v it_o crooked_a this_o fault_n if_o it_o be_v commit_v by_o many_o a_o general_a disorder_n will_v follow_v in_o the_o body_n and_o therefore_o aelian_n well_o advise_v to_o keep_v the_o first_o distance_n especial_o till_o you_o be_v command_v to_o the_o second_o or_o three_o distance_n which_o will_v often_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o four_o motion_n of_o which_o facing_n be_v the_o first_o and_o the_o word_n of_o motion_n direction_n in_o it_o be_v these_o as_o before_o in_o aelian_n 12_o face_n to_o the_o pike_n 25._o that_o be_v face_n to_o the_o tight_a hand_n for_o the_o pike_n be_v always_o bear_v in_o the_o right_a hand_n 14_o face_n to_o the_o target_n the_o pike-man_n in_o the_o macedonian_a army_n bear_v target_n on_o their_o left_a arm_n or_o on_o the_o left_a side_n so_o that_o face_n to_o the_o target_n be_v all_o one_o with_o the_o word_n of_o command_n face_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n 16_o face_n about_o to_o the_o pike_n or_o target_n that_o be_v face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n but_o where_o he_o add_v move_v a_o little_a further_o he_o signify_v that_o the_o direction_n be_v not_o full_o accomplish_v and_o he_o will_v have_v the_o soldier_n continue_v their_o motion_n till_o their_o face_n be_v full_o come_v about_o to_o the_o rear_n and_o then_o he_o will_v they_o to_o stand_v so_o because_o they_o have_v gain_v their_o place_n these_o face_n here_o express_v by_o aelian_n be_v of_o the_o whole_a body_n other_o face_n of_o the_o part_n he_o have_v not_o set_v down_o which_o notwithstanding_o be_v oftentimes_o of_o great_a use_n for_o say_v the_o enemy_n charge_v in_o front_n and_o rear_v your_o front_n must_v continue_v as_o it_o do_v but_o the_o word_n for_o the_o rear_n be_v phalange_n half_a file_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n if_o the_o enemy_n charge_v you_o on_o both_o flank_n then_o be_v the_o word_n of_o command_n phalange_n half_n rank_n face_n to_o the_o right_n halft_v to_o the_o left_a hand_n if_o in_o front_n and_o one_o flank_n the_o front_n stand_v firm_a and_o the_o word_n for_o the_o flank_n that_o be_v charge_v be_v half_a rank_n of_o the_o right_n or_o leave_v flank_n face_n to_o the_o hand_n name_v plesium_n if_o in_o front_n and_o both_o flank_n the_o front_n be_v to_o stand_v firm_a and_o both_o the_o flank_n to_o face_n to_o the_o enemy_n and_o this_o be_v do_v in_o a_o hollow_a square_a or_o plesium_n and_o the_o word_n be_v flank_n face_n one_o to_o the_o right_a the_o other_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n if_o on_o all_o side_n or_o round_o about_o it_o be_v as_o before_o for_o the_o flank_n but_o for_o the_o rear_n the_o rear_n face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n now_o in_o countermarch_v of_o the_o rear_n the_o rank_n of_o fileleader_n be_v oftentimes_o command_v to_o face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n in_o countermarch_n of_o the_o front_n the_o rank_n of_o bringer_n up_o must_v do_v the_o like_a as_o we_o shall_v see_v in_o countermarch_v double_v be_v the_o second_o motion_n use_v in_o battle_n the_o precept_n motion_n of_o it_o in_o this_o in_o aelian_n 18_o double_v your_o depth_n the_o word_n in_o our_o exercise_n for_o this_o motion_n be_v double_v your_o file_n because_o cap._n file_n measure_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o battle_n or_o rank_n measure_v the_o length_n this_o double_n be_v make_v many_o way_n the_o first_o be_v when_o the_o even_a file_n that_o be_v the_o 2._o 4._o 6._o 8._o 10._o file_n fall_v into_o the_o odd_a as_o if_o the_o double_n be_v to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o right_a hand_n corner-file_n stand_v firm_a and_o be_v the_o first_o after_o double_v the_o three_o be_v the_o second_o file_n the_o five_o the_o three_o and_o so_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o odd_a file_n in_o order_n but_o the_o manner_n be_v that_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o second_o file_n fall_v direct_o behind_o the_o leader_n of_o the_o first_o file_n and_o the_o second_o man_n of_o the_o second_o file_n behind_o the_o second_o man_n of_o the_o first_o and_o so_o the_o rest_n of_o those_o two_o file_n the_o same_o order_n be_v for_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o even_a file_n when_o they_o double_v the_o odd_a file_n and_o the_o word_n be_v double_v your_o file_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n another_o manner_n be_v when_o half_o the_o body_n of_o file_n convey_v itself_o into_o the_o space_n oâ—_n the_o other_o half_n of_o the_o body_n be_v it_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n according_a to_o direction_n give_v so_o that_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o half_a body_n which_o be_v to_o move_v fall_v into_o the_o space_n next_o after_o the_o first_o rank_n of_o the_o half_a body_n that_o stand_v and_o so_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n of_o the_o half_a body_n that_o move_v and_o the_o word_n be_v half_n the_o body_n double_v your_o file_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n another_o be_v when_o file_n be_v double_v by_o a_o countermarch_n as_o if_o the_o second_o file_n of_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n as_o it_o be_v appoint_v countermarch_n and_o the_o leader_n of_o that_o file_n place_n himself_o behind_o the_o bringer_n up_o of_o the_o corner_n file_n to_o that_o hand_n to_o which_o the_o double_n be_v to_o be_v make_v and_o so_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o file_n of_o even_a number_n behind_o those_o of_o odd_a number_n as_o the_o second_o behind_o the_o first_o the_o four_o behind_o the_o three_o the_o six_o behind_o the_o five_o and_o so_o the_o rest_n the_o word_n be_v double_v your_o file_n by_o countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n the_o next_o word_n in_o aelian_n be_v double_a your_o length_n that_o be_v double_v your_o rank_n or_o front_n for_o as_o i_o before_o note_v the_o rank_n make_v the_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n which_o likewise_o be_v many_o way_n do_v the_o first_o be_v when_o the_o rank_n of_o even_a appellation_n as_o the_o 2._o 4._o 6._o 8._o etc._n etc._n fall_v out_o into_o the_o space_n of_o the_o odd_a namely_o into_o the_o space_n of_o the_o 1._o 3._o 5._o 7._o etc._n etc._n which_o stand_v before_o they_o and_o place_n themselves_o even_o with_o they_o in_o rank_n the_o word_n be_v double_v your_o rank_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n another_o way_n be_v when_o the_o bringers-up_a their_o half_a file_n follow_v they_o by_o countermarch_n advance_v up_o to_o the_o front_n and_o place_n themselves_o in_o the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o fileleader_n to_o the_o hand_n appoint_v and_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n according_o namely_o the_o nine_o rank_n in_o the_o space_n of_o the_o second_o the_o eight_o in_o the_o space_n of_o the_o three_o the_o seven_o in_o the_o four_o the_o six_o in_o the_o space_n of_o the_o five_o and_o the_o word_n be_v bringer_n up_o double_v your_o front_n by_o countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n another_o be_v when_o the_o reare-halfe-file_n one_o half_a face_n to_o the_o right_n the_o other_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o divide_v themselves_o march_v out_o till_o they_o be_v pass_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o stand_a halfe-file_n then_o face_v to_o the_o front_n sleeve_n up_o and_o front_v with_o the_o stand_a halfe-file_n then_o the_o word_n be_v rear_n halfe-file_n double_v your_o front_n by_o division_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n another_o way_n be_v when_o the_o reare-halfe-file_n undivided_a face_n to_o the_o hand_n appoint_v and_o be_v beyond_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o body_n face_n to_o the_o front_n and_o sleeve_n up_o and_o join_v in_o front_n with_o the_o stand_a halfe-file_n the_o word_n be_v reare-halfe-file_n enter_v double_a your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n it_o be_v to_o be_v observe_v that_o in_o all_o these_o motion_n of_o double_a rank_n or_o front_n the_o soldier_n be_v to_o return_v after_o
charge_v the_o rear_n but_o since_o upon_o better_a consideration_n i_o think_v there_o be_v a_o fault_n in_o the_o text_n and_o where_o it_o be_v write_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o shall_v be_v correct_v and_o write_v as_o i_o take_v it_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o that_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d signify_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n 10._o julius_n pollux_n testify_v in_o these_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o forepart_n of_o those_o that_o fight_n be_v call_v the_o front_n the_o rank_n and_o the_o face_n the_o outward_a part_n on_o each_o side_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o flank_n the_o wing_n the_o right_a and_o the_o left_a the_o midst_n the_o navel_n f._n the_o depth_n the_o parget_n or_o wall_n the_o like_a do_v 89._o leo_n in_o many_o place_n and_o as_o far_o as_o i_o can_v read_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o plural_a number_n be_v general_o take_v for_o the_o flank_n albeit_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o singular_a number_n i_o deny_v not_o to_o be_v use_v for_o the_o rear_n sometime_o as_o in_o 〈◊〉_d xenophon_n who_o describe_v a_o fight_n betwixt_o the_o corcyreians_n and_o lacedaemonian_n have_v thus_o mnasippus_n the_o lacedaemonian_a general_n embattail_v his_o army_n put_v the_o enemy_n that_o be_v near_o the_o gate_n to_o flight_n and_o follow_v the_o chaâ—â—_n they_o be_v come_v near_o the_o wall_n turn_v again_o and_o throw_v and_o cast_v dart_n from_o the_o mountain_n other_o run_v out_o of_o the_o other_o gate_n in_o good_a number_n fall_v upon_o the_o 〈◊〉_d rear_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n who_o be_v order_v but_o 〈◊〉_d 8_o deep_a and_o think_v the_o 〈◊〉_d rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n to_o be_v but_o weak_a endeavour_v to_o retire_v and_o fall_v off_o the_o enemy_n no_o soon_o see_v they_o give_v ground_n but_o present_o fall_v on_o more_o eager_o imagine_v they_o flee_v neither_o do_v they_o turn_v their_o face_n any_o more_o and_o they_o who_o stand_v next_o unto_o they_o soughe_n with_o all_o speed_n to_o save_v themselves_o by_o flight_n mnasippus_n can_v give_v no_o aid_n to_o his_o distress_a soldier_n by_o reason_n he_o be_v hardly_o lay_v to_o by_o the_o corcireans_n that_o come_v to_o hand_n with_o he_o and_o his_o number_n by_o little_a and_o little_o decrease_v at_o last_o the_o enemy_n in_o great_a number_n press_v they_o sore_o that_o stand_v about_o mnasippus_n who_o be_v now_o reduce_v to_o a_o very_a few_o and_o the_o arm_a foot_n of_o the_o city_n see_v what_o be_v do_v abroad_o issue_v out_o and_o after_o they_o have_v slay_v mnasippus_n they_o follow_v the_o chase_n all_o of_o they_o together_o thus_o 693._o xenophon_n and_o thus_o you_o may_v see_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o singular_a number_n take_v for_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o phalange_n howsover_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d in_o the_o plural_a signify_v the_o flank_n the_o antistomus_n phalange_n therefore_o differ_v from_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la in_o this_o only_a because_o the_o last_o maintain_v fight_v in_o front_n and_o rear_v the_o first_o in_o both_o flank_n and_o aelian_a in_o this_o chapter_n describe_v the_o battle_n which_o maintain_v the_o fight_n 7._o in_o the_o flank_n it_o seem_v that_o the_o inscription_n ought_v to_o be_v of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n and_o that_o the_o text_n ought_v to_o be_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o not_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d it_o may_v after_o a_o sort_n appear_v by_o aelian_n himself_o in_o the_o next_o chapter_n where_o make_v a_o difference_n betwixt_o these_o two_o battle_n he_o say_v plain_o that_o the_o antistomus_n fight_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d read_v then_o in_o the_o text_n those_o in_o the_o flank_n make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n in_o stead_n of_o these_o word_n those_o in_o front_n and_o rear_v and_o all_o the_o rest_n will_v agree_v to_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n 3._o it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n the_o use_n of_o this_o battle_n be_v principal_o against_o horse_n as_o aelian_n give_v to_o understand_v because_o they_o be_v quick_a and_o speedy_a and_o can_v sudden_o turn_v divide_v themselves_o and_o charge_v where_o they_o list_v and_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v the_o weak_a part_n for_o your_o best_a man_n be_v place_v in_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v it_o be_v needful_a to_o find_v out_o some_o mean_n to_o defend_v they_o which_o be_v to_o instruct_v your_o soldier_n how_o to_o receive_v the_o charge_n by_o turn_v their_o face_n to_o the_o flank_n in_o front_v you_o be_v always_o ready_a because_o face_n and_o weapon_n be_v bend_v that_o way_n effect_v the_o like_a in_o the_o flank_n and_o you_o shall_v be_v able_a to_o resist_v any_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n for_o foot_n the_o danger_n be_v not_o so_o great_a because_o your_o man_n shall_v be_v able_a to_o face_v every_o way_n as_o ready_o as_o the_o enemy_n give_v they_o only_o exercise_v and_o acqaint_v they_o with_o that_o manner_n of_o fight_n 4._o and_o principal_o practise_v against_o the_o barbarian_n that_o it_o be_v much_o use_v among_o the_o grecian_n i_o find_v not_o in_o there_o history_n yet_o be_v there_o no_o doubt_n but_o the_o use_n may_v be_v great_a in_o it_o as_o well_o as_o in_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la but_o i_o take_v the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v seldom_o put_v in_o practice_n to_o be_v because_o the_o flank_n of_o pike_n in_o the_o grecian_a battle_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n guard_v with_o horse_n and_o lightarmed_n the_o front_n and_o rear_v have_v no_o such_o defence_n be_v common_o attach_v by_o the_o enemy_n seek_v all_o advantage_n to_o distress_v they_o and_o in_o case_n the_o horse_n and_o lightarmed_n be_v absent_a the_o flank_n be_v the_o fair_a mark_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o can_v by_o no_o other_o mean_n be_v secure_v but_o by_o face_v that_o way_n where_o he_o give_v on_o which_o may_v be_v evident_o see_v by_o the_o fight_n cyrus_n the_o elder_a have_v against_o croesus_n which_o 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wind_v stream_n about_o shear_v here_o and_o there_o the_o liquid_a sky_n sport_v on_o wanton_a wing_n then_o fall_v to_o ground_n with_o clang_v noise_n the_o fen_n all_o over_o ring_n none_o otherwise_o the_o trojan_n fill_v the_o field_n with_o heap_a sound_n of_o break_a and_o confuse_a cry_n each_z where_o tumult_n abound_v and_o again_o the_o captain_n marshal_n out_o their_o troop_n range_v in_o goodly_a guise_n and_o forth_o the_o trojan_n pace_n like_o bird_n that_o lade_v the_o air_n with_o cry_n not_o so_o the_o greek_n who_o silence_n breathe_v flame_n of_o high_a desire_n fervent_a in_o zeal_n to_o back_o their_o friend_n on_o foe_n to_o wreak_v their_o ire_n note_n silence_z when_o a_o battle_n be_v put_v in_o order_n either_o for_o fight_v or_o exercise_n be_v one_o of_o the_o principal_a point_n of_o obedience_n which_o belong_v to_o a_o soldier_n the_o breach_n whereof_o more_o endanger_v the_o proceed_n of_o war_n than_o a_o raw_a soldier_n will_v think_v who_o only_o be_v wont_a to_o offend_v in_o that_o kind_n i_o have_v before_o entreat_v of_o sign_n and_o show_v that_o in_o the_o observe_n of_o direction_n consist_v the_o great_a help_n of_o victory_n in_o neglect_v they_o the_o chief_a mean_n to_o take_v a_o overthrow_n and_o be_v defeat_v for_o as_o direction_n be_v execute_v give_v life_n unto_o warlike_a action_n to_o effect_v that_o which_o the_o commander_n desire_v so_o whatsoever_o hinder_v the_o receive_n of_o direction_n must_v needs_o cross_v the_o design_n of_o the_o commander_n and_o by_o consequence_n frustrate_a and_o disannul_v that_o which_o be_v think_v by_o he_o most_o fit_a to_o be_v put_v in_o practice_n either_o for_o the_o good_a order_n or_o for_o the_o preservation_n of_o the_o army_n or_o else_o for_o the_o gain_v of_o victory_n a_o man_n that_o be_v not_o attentive_a can_v mark_v the_o command_n deliver_v nor_o can_v he_o be_v attentive_a that_o while_o it_o be_v deliver_v busy_v his_o head_n with_o other_o thought_n or_o else_o entertain_v his_o next_o stander_n by_o with_o talk_n a_o mean_n to_o divert_v aswell_o the_o speaker_n as_o the_o hearer_n from_o that_o heed_n which_o ought_v to_o be_v give_v to_o direction_n in_o asmuch_o as_o no_o man_n have_v the_o ability_n to_o hear_v another_o man_n speech_n and_o himself_o take_v at_o the_o same_o instant_n or_o at_o the_o same_o time_n to_o discern_v two_o man_n several_a speech_n which_o be_v deliver_v together_o all_o general_n have_v hold_v silence_n a_o principal_a point_n of_o warlike_a discipline_n and_o therefore_o in_o command_n they_o make_v it_o the_o first_o leos_n precept_n be_v this_o when_o the_o troop_n be_v draw_v together_o and_o order_v for_o exercise_n let_v the_o crier_n â—â—â—_o for_o every_o company_n have_v then_o a_o crier_n give_v these_o
their_o motion_n to_o their_o first_o posture_n which_o be_v do_v by_o face_v about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o then_o by_o move_v and_o by_o recover_v their_o first_o place_n the_o word_n be_v as_o you_o be_v countermarch_v be_v the_o three_o motion_n use_v in_o the_o change_n of_o a_o battle_n the_o use_n and_o necessity_n thereof_o appear_v in_o aelian_a before_o and_o that_o there_o be_v two_o motion_n kind_n one_o by_o file_n the_o other_o by_o rank_n the_o word_n of_o command_n that_o he_o here_o set_v down_o be_v only_o of_o countermarch_n by_o file_n which_o may_v be_v reduce_v to_o two_o kind_n viz._n the_o countermarch_v of_o the_o front_n and_o the_o countermarch_v of_o the_o rear_n that_o of_o the_o front_n have_v likewise_o two_o kind_n the_o lacedaemonian_a and_o the_o chorean_a that_o of_o the_o rear_n only_o one_o and_o it_o be_v call_v the_o macedonian_a countermarch_v now_o aelians_n direction_n follow_v 20_o the_o lacedaemonian_a countermarch_v this_o be_v one_o of_o the_o countermarche_n by_o file_n and_o of_o the_o front_n the_o manner_n be_v that_o the_o fileleader_n begin_v the_o countermarch_v and_o paâ—â—e_v beyond_o the_o rear_n their_o file_n follow_v they_o in_o our_o exercise_n the_o word_n be_v countermarch_v the_o front_n to_o the_o right_n or_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n it_o be_v do_v after_o another_o sort_n also_o as_o when_o the_o bringers-up_a face_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o then_o the_o whole_a body_n face_v about_o to_o the_o same_o hand_n pass_v through_o the_o space_n of_o the_o bringer_n up_o to_o the_o same_o hand_n and_o the_o nine_o rank_n begin_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n after_o one_o another_o place_n themselves_o every_o paticular_a man_n before_o his_o follower_n in_o the_o same_o file_n till_o the_o fileleader_n be_v first_o the_o word_n be_v bringer_n up_o face_n to_o the_o right_n or_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o rest_n beginning_n at_o the_o nine_o rank_n 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man_n behind_o his_o next_o leader_n and_o face_v about_o as_o they_o do_v the_o word_n be_v fileleader_n face_n about_o the_o rest_n of_o the_o rank_n pass_v thorough_a and_o place_n yourselves_o behind_o your_o next_o leader_n the_o next_o in_o aelian_n be_v 24_o the_o chorean_a countermarch_v this_o countermarch_v be_v of_o the_o front_n as_o i_o say_v but_o it_o keep_v the_o ground_n that_o the_o body_n have_v before_o the_o fileleader_n their_o file_n follow_v they_o remove_v to_o the_o place_n of_o the_o bringer_n up_o and_o the_o bringer_n up_o to_o the_o place_n that_o the_o fileleader_n have_v the_o word_n be_v fileleader_n countermarch_n to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n and_o stand_v viz._n when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o bringer_n up_o other_o countermarche_n thereare_v which_o be_v not_o here_o set_v downeby_o aelian_n 28._o but_o be_v remember_v in_o his_o chapter_n of_o countermarche_n of_o which_o the_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n of_o the_o whole_a battle_n be_v one_o the_o other_o be_v the_o countermarch_n by_o rank_n in_o the_o part_n and_o as_o in_o the_o countermarch_v of_o the_o front_n or_o rear_v the_o rank_n first_o begin_v to_o move_v so_o in_o countermarch_v of_o the_o flank_n the_o file_n entire_a begin_v to_o move_v and_o as_o in_o the_o countermarch_v of_o the_o front_n or_o rear_v the_o rank_n follow_v one_o another_o by_o file_n so_o in_o countermarch_v of_o the_o flank_n the_o file_n follow_v one_o another_o by_o rank_n that_o be_v the_o soldier_n of_o every_o rank_n follow_v one_o another_o if_o you_o will_v countermarch_n the_o right_a flank_n so_o to_o change_v one_o side_n of_o the_o battle_n for_o the_o other_o the_o word_n be_v countermarch_v the_o right_a flank_n to_o the_o left_a hand_n in_o countermarch_v the_o left_a flank_n the_o word_n be_v countermarch_v the_o left_a flank_n to_o the_o right_a hand_n to_o countermarch_n the_o wing_n into_o the_o midst_n both_o the_o uttermost_a corner-file_n be_v to_o move_v towards_o the_o midst_n their_o half_a rank_n follow_v they_o and_o meet_v in_o the_o midst_n to_o stand_v there_o and_o face_n to_o the_o front_n and_o the_o word_n be_v countermarch_v your_o wing_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n observe_v that_o in_o countermarch_v by_o rank_n the_o three_o countermarche_n macedonian_a lacedaemonian_a and_o choraean_a may_v be_v practise_v as_o well_o as_o in_o countermarch_v by_o file_n if_o the_o flank_n near_o to_o the_o enemy_n begin_v the_o countermarch_v this_o the_o macedonian_a countermarch_n because_o it_o make_v a_o show_n of_o shift_v away_o if_o the_o flank_n further_a from_o the_o enemy_n begin_v it_o be_v the_o lacedaemonian_a in_o that_o it_o carry_v a_o semblance_n of_o fall_v on_o but_o when_o one_o flank_n countermarch_v till_o it_o come_v just_a up_o to_o the_o other_o and_o no_o further_o it_o be_v the_o choraean_a because_o it_o keep_v the_o same_o ground_n wheel_v be_v the_o four_o and_o last_o motion_n and_o it_o be_v use_v in_o the_o whole_a entire_a motion_n battle_n or_o in_o the_o part_n thereof_o aelian_n give_v word_n of_o direction_n for_o the_o whole_a battle_n only_o and_o they_o be_v these_o wheel_v the_o body_n to_o the_o pike_n or_o to_o the_o target_n when_o the_o battle_n be_v to_o wheel_n to_o the_o pike_n or_o right_a hand_n the_o right_a hand_n corner_n file-leader_n be_v only_o to_o turn_v his_o body_n by_o little_a and_o little_a to_o the_o right_a hand_n face_v even_o with_o the_o rank_n of_o fileleader_n till_o such_o time_n as_o he_o have_v gain_v the_o right_a hand_n aspect_n and_o the_o rest_n be_v to_o move_v about_o he_o make_v he_o the_o center_n as_o it_o be_v of_o their_o circle_a motion_n if_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n the_o left_a hand_n corner_n file_v leader_n be_v to_o do_v the_o like_a the_o same_o order_n be_v of_o wheelin_n the_o battle_n about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n aelian_n as_o i_o â—aiâ—_n give_v here_o no_o other_o word_n of_o command_n then_o for_o the_o wheel_a of_o the_o whole_a body_n yet_o be_v the_o wheeling_n of_o the_o part_n of_o great_a use_n for_o either_o the_o flank_n be_v wheel_v into_o the_o front_n or_o the_o front_n into_o the_o flank_n the_o front_n be_v wheel_v into_o the_o flank_n when_o we_o desire_v to_o form_v the_o antistomus_n phalange_n to_o resist_v the_o enemy_n give_v on_o both_o flank_n and_o then_o the_o two_o middlemost_a bringer_n up_o be_v to_o stand_v and_o the_o middle_a fileleader_n to_o divine_v themselves_o and_o to_o move_v half_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o right_n half_o to_o the_o left_a hand_n make_v those_o two_o bringer_n up_o the_o centre_n of_o the_o motion_n in_o this_o the_o word_n be_v wheel_v the_o front_n into_o flank_n by_o division_n if_o the_o flank_n be_v to_o be_v wheel_v into_o the_o front_n the_o two_o middle_a fileleader_n be_v to_o stand_v still_o and_o the_o two_o half_a body_n to_o move_v about_o they_o one_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n the_o other_o to_o the_o left_a till_o the_o two_o flank_n be_v in_o the_o front_n and_o the_o front_n in_o the_o midst_n this_o kind_n be_v practise_v when_o we_o will_v frame_v the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n the_o word_n be_v wheel_v the_o flank_n into_o the_o front_n it_o be_v to_o be_v remember_v that_o after_o every_o motion_n a_o restitution_n to_o the_o first_o posture_n be_v to_o be_v command_v in_o these_o word_n as_o you_o be_v in_o face_v you_o be_v to_o return_v to_o the_o contrary_a hand_n as_o if_o the_o command_n be_v to_o face_n to_o the_o right_n in_o return_v you_o come_v to_o the_o left_a in_o double_v you_o must_v do_v the_o like_a in_o countermarch_n likewise_o whether_o you_o countermarch_n the_o whole_a body_n or_o the_o parcel_n thereof_o you_o be_v to_o return_v by_o the_o contrary_a hand_n after_o
see_v in_o the_o river_n and_o of_o the_o height_n and_o steepenesse_n of_o the_o bank_n as_o also_o for_o that_o the_o enemy_n horse_n order_v in_o a_o 〈◊〉_d phalange_n will_v be_v ready_a to_o charge_v we_o while_o we_o disorderly_a and_o 〈◊〉_d wingwise_o which_o be_v the_o weak_a kind_n of_o fight_n endeavour_v to_o scamble_v up_o the_o bank_n thus_o arrian_n use_v the_o word_n before_o recite_v and_o note_v the_o difference_n of_o both_o the_o form_n 26._o leo_n have_v the_o like_a passage_n instruct_v his_o general_n how_o in_o the_o night_n to_o surprise_v a_o enemy_n in_o his_o lodging_n his_o word_n be_v these_o in_o effect_n when_o you_o march_v say_v he_o to_o the_o intent_n that_o no_o tumult_n or_o confusion_n of_o noise_n be_v hear_v nor_o the_o stretch_n out_o of_o your_o battle_n into_o a_o great_a length_n breed_v error_n and_o inequality_n in_o march_v and_o hereupon_o cry_v and_o loud_a command_n arise_v so_o that_o the_o enemy_n may_v easy_o perceive_v the_o access_n of_o your_o army_n it_o behove_v you_o to_o march_v not_o in_o 〈◊〉_d front_n that_o be_v in_o a_o 〈◊〉_d large_a extension_n of_o breadth_n but_o 〈◊〉_d wingwise_o that_o be_v to_o say_v in_o a_o 〈◊〉_d deep_a form_n of_o embattail_v as_o if_o one_o file_n shall_v follow_v in_o the_o rear_n of_o another_o observe_v still_o to_o maintain_v the_o depth_n or_o horse_n thickness_n of_o the_o battle_n his_o meaning_n be_v that_o in_o the_o night_n a_o army_n ought_v not_o to_o be_v lead_v in_o a_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n because_o the_o place_n be_v way_n through_o which_o you_o be_v to_o march_v be_v sometime_o large_a sometime_o straight_o sometime_o rough_a sometime_o plain_a and_o so_o you_o can_v preserve_v a_o even_a front_n but_o must_v change_v the_o form_n and_o disorder_v it_o but_o in_o a_o hearse_n or_o deep_a phalange_n which_o will_v fit_v all_o passage_n and_o in_o the_o great_a inequality_n of_o way_n maintain_v the_o form_n of_o the_o battle_n entire_a and_o so_o much_o 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orthium_fw-la properly_z signify_v thing_n rise_v in_o a_o height_n yet_o in_o military_a discourse_n it_o be_v apply_v to_o the_o dimension_n of_o the_o depth_n 〈◊〉_d of_o a_o battle_n and_o not_o of_o the_o length_n here_o a_o phalange_n be_v term_v orthia_n and_o in_o leo_n in_o the_o place_n last_o by_o i_o cite_v mention_n be_v make_v of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d â—_o deep_o embattail_v and_o in_o xenophon_n â—_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o company_n stretch_v out_o in_o depâ—â—_n 〈…〉_z polyen_n also_o and_o arrian_n and_o appian_n â—_o polyen_n have_v beside_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d and_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d for_o a_o army_n that_o be_v cast_v into_o a_o great_a depth_n and_o into_o a_o narrow_a 〈…〉_z therefore_o as_o parameke_n signify_v the_o length_n of_o the_o front_n so_o orthion_n signify_v the_o depth_n of_o the_o flank_n of_o any_o battle_n order_v as_o be_v aforesaid_a thus_o much_o of_o the_o name_n of_o the_o two_o battle_n it_o remain_v to_o show_v the_o use_n of_o they_o and_o how_o one_o may_v be_v transform_v into_o the_o other_o the_o plagiophalange_n or_o broad-fronted_n battle_n bring_v most_o hand_n to_o fight_v with_o conveniency_n and_o therefore_o be_v account_v the_o better_a form_n and_o as_o near_o hearse_n as_o opportunity_n of_o ground_n will_v give_v leave_n the_o ancient_a general_n principal_o affect_v and_o seek_v to_o put_v this_o form_n in_o ure_n it_o have_v the_o commodity_n to_o overfront_v the_o adverse_a battle_n and_o be_v safe_a itself_o from_o overfront_v unless_o the_o enemy_n bring_v a_o great_a multitude_n than_o you_o have_v to_o over-match_v your_o army_n the_o macedonian_a phalange_n be_v for_o the_o most_o part_n of_o this_o form_n as_o all_o the_o field_n alexander_n fight_v evident_o declare_v so_o order_v he_o his_o troop_n at_o granicus_n so_o at_o issos_n so_o at_o gangamelos_n so_o in_o other_o place_n if_o the_o ground_n will_v serve_v this_o caution_n notwithstanding_o be_v observe_v that_o the_o depth_n hold_v proportion_n with_o the_o length_n otherwise_o the_o length_n profit_v not_o so_o much_o as_o the_o thinness_n of_o the_o depth_n hurt_v by_o give_v mean_n to_o the_o enemy_n to_o break_v through_o and_o put_v the_o adverse_a battle_n in_o a_o rout_n i_o have_v note_v it_o before_o out_o of_o 10â—_o leo._n the_o hearse_n or_o deep_a phalange_n be_v think_v the_o weak_a kind_n to_o fight_v in_o 14._o parmenio_n one_o of_o the_o chief_a commander_n alexander_n have_v disinherit_v it_o as_o i_o have_v show_v a_o little_a before_o b._n cyrus_n the_o elder_a in_o the_o embattail_v of_o the_o egyptian_n deride_v it_o yet_o can_v the_o form_n of_o the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n be_v so_o exact_o take_v up_o but_o that_o necessity_n will_v sometime_o force_v the_o other_o in_o straight_a place_n it_o have_v be_v often_o use_v so_o c._n darius_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o issos_n by_o reason_n of_o the_o straightness_n of_o ground_n be_v force_v to_o this_o 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whole_a company_n be_v put_v into_o a_o file_n and_o 3_o or_o 4_o or_o more_o file_n lay_v together_o to_o make_v a_o orthiophalange_n in_o which_o form_n they_o use_v to_o mount_v up_o against_o hill_n many_o example_n be_v in_o heir_n history_n of_o beat_v off_o enemy_n from_o hill_n in_o this_o form_n d_o cyrus_n the_o elder_a use_v it_o against_o the_o chaldaean_n d._n xenophon_n against_o the_o carducans_n e._n cherisophus_n in_o pass_v the_o river_n centrites_n which_o river_n divide_v the_o mountain_n of_o the_o carducans_n from_o armenia_n the_o grecian_n against_o the_o mosynecans_n that_o inhabit_v certain_a mountain_n which_o the_o grecian_n be_v to_o mount_v â—_o ptolomey_n against_o the_o a._n indian_n that_o embattel_v themselves_o upon_o a_o mountain_n to_o resist_v the_o invasion_n of_o alexander_n and_o a_o notable_a example_n of_o a_o army_n ascend_v against_o a_o mountain_n be_v describe_v by_o 340._o xenophon_n in_o the_o four_o book_n of_o the_o ascent_n of_o 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for_o a_o company_n order_v in_o one_o file_n and_o it_o signify_v as_o much_o as_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d a_o company_n order_v one_o man_n single_o after_o another_o which_o phrase_n be_v use_v by_o d._n xenophon_n elsewhere_o and_o in_o the_o same_o sense_n â—_o thucydides_n use_v the_o phrase_n of_o place_v ship_n one_o in_o a_o direct_a line_n after_o another_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d which_o his_o scoliaste_n interprete_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d have_v one_o after_o another_o and_o d._n polybius_n likewise_o of_o ship_n have_v the_o same_o phrase_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d to_o be_v place_v one_o after_o another_o and_o in_o the_o same_o place_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d yet_o this_o passage_n out_o of_o xenophon_n where_o he_o mention_v 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d have_v a_o diverse_a signification_n from_o the_o common_a usage_n of_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d among_o other_o grecian_n it_o agree_v in_o that_o they_o lead_v their_o company_n 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every_o man_n shall_v have_v three_o foot_n distance_n from_o other_o in_o rank_n double_v they_o twice_o the_o file_n have_v but_o four_o man_n and_o every_o man_n distance_n in_o rank_n be_v no_o more_o than_o a_o foot_n and_o half_a which_o as_o it_o be_v allowable_a in_o close_a order_n so_o admit_v it_o no_o third_n thou_o 〈…〉_z wherein_o the_o space_n betwixt_o man_n and_o man_n can_v exceed_v three_o quarter_n of_o a_o foot_n as_o therefore_o the_o second_o double_v of_o rank_n in_o a_o phalangarchy_n albeit_o it_o extend_v the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n leave_v yet_o too_o small_a a_o depth_n to_o the_o plagiophalange_n or_o broad-fronted_n battle_n it_o contain_v no_o more_o than_o four_o man_n in_o depth_n so_o the_o double_n of_o file_n twice_o fit_v not_o the_o orthiophalange_n or_o hearse_n as_o have_v 64_o in_o depth_n and_o as_o many_o in_o length_n which_o number_n neither_o hold_v proportion_n of_o the_o depth_n manifold_a to_o the_o length_n of_o the_o 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on_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o part_n when_o they_o be_v come_v unto_o the_o tent_n door_n he_o command_v the_o first_o file_n to_o single_a out_o again_o and_o to_o enter_v in_o and_o the_o second_o to_o follow_v it_o single_a in_o the_o rear_n and_o so_o the_o three_o and_o four_o till_o all_o be_v within_o the_o tent._n to_o clear_v these_o word_n of_o xenophon_n it_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v that_o the_o company_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d here_o mention_v consist_v of_o 100_o man_n and_o be_v divide_v into_o four_o file_n or_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d each_o file_n contain_v twenty_o four_o man_n the_o file_n have_v five_o officer_n the_o file_n leader_n the_o decadarch_n two_o pempedarch_n and_o the_o bringer_n up_o at_o the_o head_n of_o the_o file_n stand_v the_o file-leader_n and_o behind_o he_o direct_o five_o man_n next_o after_o they_o stand_v the_o first_o pempedarch_n and_o five_o man_n that_o follow_v he_o in_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o file_n that_o be_v after_o the_o pempedarch_n and_o his_o five_a be_v place_v the_o decadarch_n who_o â—ed_v the_o hinder_v most_o half_o file_v and_o after_o he_o five_o man_n more_o last_o the_o second_o pempedarch_n and_o five_o more_o after_o he_o the_o last_o of_o which_o be_v the_o bringer_n up_o now_o when_o xenophon_n say_v that_o the_o whole_a company_n follow_v by_o one_o or_o file_v wise_a he_o mean_v that_o the_o four_o file_n be_v cast_v into_o one_o file_n and_o follow_v one_o another_o in_o a_o right_a line_n and_o by_o that_o mean_n have_v 100_o in_o depth_n and_o but_o one_o in_o front_n to_o bring_v it_o therefore_o to_o convenient_a length_n from_o this_o depth_n the_o captain_n command_v the_o first_o file_n leader_n to_o make_v alte_fw-la or_o to_o stand_v and_o the_o second_o file_n all_o leader_n with_o his_o file_n to_o advance_v and_o to_o sleeve_n up_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n and_o to_o front_v with_o the_o first_o file_n leader_n and_o so_o both_o file_n to_o stand_v 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certain_a mountain_n over_o which_o the_o grecian_n be_v to_o pass_v make_v alte_fw-la some_o 30_o furlong_n before_o he_o come_v to_o the_o enemy_n lest_o encounter_v with_o the_o enemy_n he_o shall_v fight_v with_o his_o army_n be_v lead_v in_o a_o wing_n or_o orthiophalange_n he_o command_v therefore_o the_o captain_n that_o follow_v he_o with_o their_o company_n every_o one_o after_o another_o to_o 〈◊〉_d sleeve_n up_o their_o company_n by_o he_o to_o the_o intent_n to_o cast_v the_o army_n into_o a_o plagiophalange_n or_o broad_a front_a battle_n when_o thereare_a commander_n be_v come_v up_o he_o call_v a_o counsel_n to_o advise_v of_o the_o best_a course_n in_o proceed_v here_o be_v the_o order_n of_o the_o grecian_n march_v express_v to_o be_v in_o a_o hearse_n or_o orthiophalange_n which_o consist_v of_o many_o company_n one_o follow_v another_o and_o likewise_o the_o manner_n of_o transfigure_v the_o hearse_n into_o a_o broad_a front_a phalange_n viz._n the_o captain_n one_o 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sleeve_v but_o upon_o one_o hand_n a_o three_o way_n of_o make_v a_o plagiophalange_n of_o a_o hearse_n i_o find_v in_o b._n polybius_n machanidas_n the_o lacedaemonian_a tyrant_n say_v he_o be_v to_o fight_v with_o philopaemea_n the_o achaean_n general_n who_o have_v fashion_v his_o army_n into_o a_o broad_a front_a phalange_n make_v semblance_n at_o first_o as_o though_o he_o mean_v in_o a_o 〈◊〉_d hearse_n to_o charge_v the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o enemy_n battle_n but_o approach_v near_o at_o a_o convenient_a distance_n he_o break_v off_o the_o hinder_a part_n of_o the_o hearse_n and_o face_v it_o to_o the_o right_a hand_n march_v out_o and_o lead_v it_o out_o in_o length_n and_o join_v it_o in_o equal_a front_n with_o his_o right_a wing_n thereby_o equal_v the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o achaean_n in_o this_o manner_n of_o transform_v the_o hearse_n into_o broad_a front_a phalange_n the_o company_n or_o body_n follow_v not_o one_o another_o to_o sleeve_n up_o to_o the_o front_n 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rehearse_n but_o i_o have_v be_v long_o in_o the_o example_n of_o epaminondas_n and_o therefore_o refer_v the_o reader_n to_o the_o quotation_n 716._o demetrius_n frame_v the_o like_a battle_n against_o ptolemy_n and_o seleucus_n albeit_o he_o be_v frustrate_v of_o his_o hope_n in_o the_o event_n by_o the_o foresight_n of_o ptolemy_n who_o oppose_v his_o choice_a troop_n against_o that_o wing_n of_o demetrius_n which_o be_v first_o to_o undertake_v the_o charge_n hitherto_o of_o these_o three_o form_n of_o phalanges_fw-la see_v the_o figure_n in_o which_o albeit_o the_o two_o first_o be_v portrait_v without_o interual_n yet_o you_o must_v in_o the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n understand_v the_o three_o interual_n usual_a in_o the_o macedonian_a fourfold_a phalange_n and_o in_o the_o hearse_n the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o rear_n of_o the_o body_n that_o lead_v and_o of_o the_o front_n of_o those_o that_o follow_v parembole_n protaxis_fw-la epitaxis_fw-la prostaxis_fw-la entaxis_fw-la 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flank_n of_o the_o battle_n front_v even_o with_o the_o front_n thereof_o which_o be_v a_o double_n of_o rank_n as_o be_v before_o show_v do_v when_o the_o hinder_v half_a file_n divide_v themselves_o march_v out_o and_o front_n with_o the_o fileleader_n or_o else_o march_v out_o entire_o without_o division_n entaxis_fw-la incision_n be_v always_o of_o the_o light_n arm_v into_o the_o space_n of_o the_o arm_a it_o be_v all_o one_o with_o pareutaxis_fw-la another_o greek_a word_n use_v in_o the_o same_o sense_n 6._o hypotaxis_fw-la place_v of_o the_o light_n arm_v on_o the_o wing_n be_v much_o use_v in_o ancient_a time_n as_o the_o manner_n be_v also_o at_o this_o day_n but_o aelian_n will_v have_v they_o so_o place_v that_o the_o eminency_n of_o they_o shall_v make_v a_o hollow_a front_n in_o the_o battle_n patritius_fw-la take_v hypotaxis_fw-la to_o be_v the_o place_n of_o the_o light_n arm_v in_o the_o rear_n which_o seem_v to_o be_v a_o mistake_n both_o because_o the_o place_n of_o 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enemy_n if_o the_o enemy_n come_v sudden_o upon_o we_o he_o must_v direct_v himself_o either_o against_o our_o front_n or_o our_o rear_n or_o our_o flank_n if_o front_n against_o our_o front_n we_o need_v no_o other_o motion_n then_o that_o whereby_o we_o may_v strengthen_v our_o front_n which_o be_v usual_o do_v by_o double_v of_o rank_n we_o march_v for_o the_o most_o part_n in_o a_o hearse_n in_o which_o form_n there_o can_v come_v many_o hand_n to_o fight_v and_o that_o be_v the_o reason_n why_o it_o be_v account_v the_o weak_a form_n to_o join_v with_o the_o enemy_n rank_n double_v of_o rank_n help_v that_o defect_n and_o bring_v as_o many_o hand_n to_o fight_v as_o the_o proportion_n of_o force_n will_v allow_v if_o against_o the_o rear_n rear_n and_o time_n straight_o you_o not_o and_o your_o battle_n be_v in_o open_a order_n you_o have_v the_o use_n of_o countermarch_v countermarch_n which_o bring_v the_o best_a hand_n to_o fight_v for_o the_o fileleader_n be_v esteem_v the_o flower_n of_o the_o army_n your_o battle_n be_v in_o order_n or_o close_a order_n you_o be_v to_o wheeling_n wheel_v it_o about_o to_o your_o right_n or_o left_a cap._n 32._o the_o action_n of_o wheel_a cap._n 32._o the_o manner_n of_o wheel_v the_o first_o posture_n close_v of_o file_n close_v of_o rank_n forward_o the_o front_n cap._n 33_o os_fw-mi cloinge_n close_v to_o the_o midst_n the_o front_n after_o close_v yâ—_z right_n action_n close_v to_o yâ—_z leave_v â—and_v close_v to_o yâ—_z right_n â—and_v the_o front_n before_o close_v the_o front_n of_o yâ—_z battle_n before_o close_v hand_n and_o so_o to_o oppose_v the_o front_n against_o the_o enemy_n but_o in_o both_o these_o motion_n the_o caution_n of_o aelian_n be_v that_o the_o enemy_n surprise_v you_o not_o while_o you_o be_v in_o the_o a_o 〈…〉_z ion_n of_o countermarch_n or_o wheel_a lest_o take_v his_o advantage_n he_o charge_v you_o be_v in_o disorder_n therefore_o if_o he_o come_v so_o near_o that_o you_o have_v no_o 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in_o question_n in_o loss_n of_o which_o no_o pardon_n of_o negligence_n can_v be_v admit_v and_o see_v there_o be_v two_o principal_a sense_n of_o advertisement_n the_o ear_n the_o one_o the_o other_o the_o eye_n the_o ear_n to_o hear_v all_o manner_n of_o sound_n the_o eye_n to_o discern_v all_o manner_n of_o colour_n and_o shape_n it_o have_v be_v the_o witty_a invention_n so_o ancient_a general_n to_o inform_v their_o army_n by_o the_o one_o and_o by_o the_o other_o by_o the_o eye_n when_o there_o be_v no_o use_n of_o the_o ear_n by_o the_o ear_n when_o the_o eye_n can_v not_o be_v inform_v the_o true_a observation_n and_o use_n of_o these_o sign_n avail_n much_o in_o war_n 5._o vegetius_n say_v that_o nothing_o profit_v more_o to_o victory_n then_o to_o obey_v the_o admonition_n of_o sign_n former_a experience_n have_v teach_v that_o the_o neglect_n or_o error_n of_o sign_n have_v bring_v in_o great_a inconvenience_n and_o quite_o overthrow_v the_o enterprise_n in_o hand_n â—_o 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march_v on_o and_o that_o the_o rest_n about_o that_o time_n shall_v lay_v hand_n upon_o the_o polemarche_n that_o use_v to_o guard_v the_o gate_n while_o they_o repose_v themselves_o and_o sleep_v and_o that_o this_o do_v the_o achean_o shall_v with_o all_o speed_n hasten_v to_o the_o gate_n out_o of_o their_o ambush_n these_o thing_n conclude_v and_o the_o time_n approach_v aratus_n come_v according_o and_o hide_v himself_o by_o the_o river_n await_v the_o signal_n about_o the_o five_o hour_n one_o of_o the_o city_n a_o owner_n of_o sheep_n that_o bear_v extraordinary_a fine_a wool_n &_o be_v usual_o feed_v about_o the_o city_n come_v out_o of_o the_o city_n gate_n in_o a_o cloak_n desirous_a to_o speak_v with_o the_o shepherd_n about_o some_o private_a business_n of_o his_o own_o and_o stand_v upon_o the_o same_o hill_n look_v round_o about_o for_o the_o shepherd_n aratus_n and_o his_o folk_n imagine_v this_o to_o be_v the_o expect_a signal_n run_v in_o all_o haste_n towards_o the_o 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back_o by_o the_o tribune_n and_o legate_n as_o caesar_n have_v give_v direction_n notwithstanding_o be_v puff_v up_o with_o the_o hope_n of_o a_o speedy_a victory_n and_o with_o the_o fight_n of_o the_o enemy_n and_o their_o happy_a battle_n of_o former_a time_n think_v nothing_o so_o hard_a that_o it_o may_v not_o be_v achieve_v by_o their_o valour_n they_o make_v no_o end_n of_o their_o chase_n till_o they_o come_v near_o to_o the_o wall_n and_o gate_n of_o the_o town_n and_o some_o of_o they_o enter_v at_o a_o gate_n othersome_a climb_v up_o the_o wall_n imagine_v they_o have_v get_v possession_n of_o the_o town_n in_o the_o mean_a time_n the_o enemy_n force_n who_o be_v busy_a in_o fortify_v without_o on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o town_n be_v acquaint_v herewith_o by_o message_n send_v their_o horse_n before_o and_o follow_v after_o themselves_o and_o in_o great_a number_n charge_v the_o roman_n the_o fight_n be_v hard_a the_o enemy_n trust_v to_o the_o advantage_n of_o 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brave_a mind_n and_o resolution_n who_o neither_o the_o fortification_n of_o the_o enemy_n camp_n nor_o the_o height_n of_o the_o mountain_n nor_o the_o wall_n of_o the_o town_n can_v hold_v back_o so_o much_o he_o reprehend_v their_o presumption_n and_o arrogancy_n in_o that_o about_o the_o victory_n and_o issue_n of_o thing_n they_o prefer_v their_o own_o conceit_n before_o the_o opinion_n of_o their_o general_n for_o his_o part_n he_o require_v aswell_o modesty_n and_o continency_n in_o a_o soldier_n as_o valour_n and_o magnanimity_n so_o caesar_n insinuate_v that_o obedience_n and_o heedfulness_n be_v two_o principal_a virtue_n in_o a_o soldier_n by_o the_o one_o to_o be_v ready_a at_o all_o command_n by_o the_o other_o to_o execute_v with_o discretion_n what_o be_v command_v by_o want_n of_o heedfulness_n they_o perceive_v not_o the_o sign_n of_o retreat_n which_o be_v propose_v unto_o they_o and_o mistake_v the_o mark_n of_o the_o heduan_o who_o they_o esteem_v for_o their_o 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inferior_a officer_n till_o it_o come_v to_o the_o last_o for_o so_o shall_v every_o one_o speedy_o decent_o and_o quiet_o know_v what_o be_v command_v and_o this_o be_v the_o manner_n of_o the_o grecian_n as_o may_v appear_v by_o thucydides_n who_o describe_v the_o usage_n of_o the_o lacedaemonian_n in_o give_v the_o word_n and_o sign_n of_o direction_n have_v thus_o and_o present_o the_o lacedaemonian_n â—_o order_v themselves_o in_o battle_n agis_n the_o king_n command_v as_o their_o law_n be_v for_o when_o the_o king_n lead_v all_o thing_n be_v under_o his_o command_n and_o he_o give_v direction_n to_o the_o polemarche_n they_o to_o the_o lochagij_fw-la who_o deliver_v it_o to_o the_o pentecoster_n and_o they_o to_o the_o enomotarche_n
navy_n from_o the_o shore_n in_o file_n a_o wing_n and_o turn_v they_o about_o and_o addressing_z their_o prowess_n to_o the_o land_n give_v a_o sign_n for_o the_o ship_n to_o hasten_v with_o all_o celerity_n to_o the_o land_n every_o one_o as_o it_o can_v it_o be_v a_o great_a reward_n and_o victory_n for_o those_o that_o come_v first_o to_o land_n to_o water_n and_o take_v all_o thing_n they_o need_v as_o also_o to_o dine_v and_o a_o great_a punishment_n to_o the_o sluggard_n to_o want_v those_o commodity_n and_o beside_o to_o put_v to_o sea_n again_o when_o the_o sign_n be_v give_v for_o the_o first_o do_v all_o thing_n at_o ease_n and_o as_o they_o list_v the_o last_o be_v straighten_v with_o haste_n and_o must_v do_v as_o they_o can_v when_o by_o chance_n he_o dine_v in_o the_o enemy_n country_n he_o set_v out_o sentinel_n some_o upon_o land_n as_o behoove_v other_o upon_o ship_n rear_v up_o the_o mast_n that_o from_o they_o they_o may_v take_v a_o view_n of_o all_o thing_n for_o 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form_n which_o aelian_n describe_v for_o where_o aelian_n will_v have_v xenagy_n to_o follow_v one_o another_o with_o the_o fileleader_n in_o front_n his_o meaning_n be_v that_o the_o whole_a 16_o file_n of_o the_o xenagie_n shall_v be_v lay_v together_o all_o the_o fileleader_n be_v lay_v in_o a_o even_a front_n now_o you_o have_v example_n where_o whole_a company_n march_v in_o one_o file_n so_o that_o all_o the_o fileleader_n have_v not_o the_o front_n but_o rest_v include_v in_o the_o inward_a part_n of_o the_o file_n and_o yet_o many_o of_o these_o file_n join_v together_o make_v a_o induction_n 56._o xenophon_n report_v that_o when_o cyrus_n the_o elder_a be_v muster_v and_o exercise_v his_o army_n in_o the_o field_n there_o come_v unto_o he_o a_o messenger_n from_o cyaxares_n the_o king_n of_o the_o mede_n be_v cyrus_n
to_o be_v change_v nor_o any_o number_n of_o soldier_n to_o be_v transport_v to_o other_o place_n than_o they_o have_v for_o hereof_o tumult_n and_o confusion_n will_v straight_o arise_v and_o the_o enemy_n will_v easy_o take_v advantage_n of_o such_o as_o be_v not_o ready_a or_o fallout_v to_o be_v disorder_v i_o have_v say_v that_o the_o latin_n and_o grecian_n differ_v in_o the_o name_n of_o this_o battle_n howbeit_o they_o agree_v both_o about_o the_o form_n which_o may_v here_o appear_v by_o aelian_n who_o resemble_v it_o to_o the_o letter_n v_n neither_o can_v there_o a_o better_a resemblance_n be_v make_v for_o as_o the_o letter_n v_n consist_v of_o two_o line_n which_o be_v open_a in_o the_o top_n close_o in_o the_o bottom_n so_o do_v this_o form_n of_o battle_n of_o two_o side_n which_o in_o front_n be_v void_a open_a and_o dissever_v in_o the_o rear_n join_v and_o close_v fast_o together_o if_o you_o will_v therefore_o frame_v this_o battle_n you_o must_v first_o make_v a_o square_a the_o fileleader_n be_v all_o in_o front_n then_o must_v you_o wheel_v the_o wing_n of_o your_o battle_n into_o the_o midst_n and_o so_o your_o fileleader_n shall_v be_v in_o the_o midst_n last_o you_o be_v to_o open_v the_o front_n of_o your_o battle_n leave_v half_o the_o fileleader_n in_o the_o inside_n of_o one_o flank_n and_o half_a in_o the_o inside_n of_o the_o other_o keep_v the_o rear_n close_o knit_v together_o and_o for_o the_o open_n it_o ought_v to_o be_v somewhat_o more_o than_o will_v receive_v into_o the_o void_a space_n the_o front_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n which_o be_v once_o let_v in_o the_o inward_a two_o flank_n of_o the_o wedge_n where_o the_o fileleader_n be_v aught_o to_o face_n to_o both_o hand_n and_o to_o charge_v the_o outward_a flank_n of_o the_o right_a induction_n and_o so_o circumvent_v they_o 7._o furthermore_o a_o triphalange_n a_o triphalange_n in_o this_o place_n of_o aelian_n be_v when_o a_o square_a body_n or_o phalange_n be_v 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file-leader_n be_v in_o the_o midst_n but_o we_o must_v note_v that_o the_o two_o middlemost_a leader_n must_v be_v centor_n for_o the_o other_o to_o wheel_v about_o 2._o open_v your_o front_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n keep_v your_o rear_n close_o for_o the_o triphalange_n 1_o the_o two_o wing_n face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n the_o middle_n remain_v as_o it_o be_v 2_o match_n out_o to_o the_o distance_n require_v that_o be_v to_o be_v able_a to_o meet_v in_o a_o right_a line_n the_o two_o front_n of_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la 3_o stand_v when_o they_o come_v to_o the_o place_n require_v 4_o face_n as_o you_o be_v 5_o advance_v and_o charge_v of_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n chap._n xxxvii_o 1_o parogoge_n or_o deduction_n be_v when_o the_o phalange_n proceed_v in_o 2_o a_o wing_n not_o by_o 3_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n have_v the_o commander_n or_o fileleader_n either_o on_o the_o right-hand_a which_o be_v call_v a_o right_a hand_n deduction_n or_o on_o the_o left_a hand_n which_o be_v a_o left-hand_a deduction_n for_o the_o phalange_n march_v in_o a_o 4_o double_a treble_a or_o quadruple_a front_n according_a to_o the_o place_n or_o part_v it_o be_v suspect_v the_o enemy_n will_v give_v on_o and_o both_o the_o paragogy_n begin_v the_o fight_n in_o flank_n do_v 5_o make_v the_o length_n doubt_n to_o the_o depth_n this_o form_n of_o fight_n be_v devise_v to_o teach_v a_o soldier_n to_o receive_v heedful_o the_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n not_o only_o in_o front_n but_o also_o in_o flank_n note_n 1_o deduction_n be_v when_o the_o phalange_n induction_n be_v speak_v of_o deduction_n follow_v which_o be_v the_o second_o kind_n of_o march_n for_o these_o be_v no_o cap._n 37._o a_o four_o front_a phalange_n against_o all_o allempte_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o front_n of_o the_o rear_v the_o front_n of_o the_o right_a flank_n the_o front_n of_o the_o leave_v flank_v the_o front_n of_o the_o narch_n other_o kind_n than_o induction_n and_o deduction_n the_o one_o with_o the_o fileleader_n in_o front_n the_o other_o with_o the_o fileleader_n in_o flank_n neither_o do_v the_o greatness_n or_o smallness_n of_o the_o body_n make_v any_o difference_n herein_o be_v the_o body_n never_o so_o great_a as_o be_v the_o phalange_n or_o so_o small_a as_o one_o company_n yet_o must_v the_o fileleader_n either_o lead_n or_o else_o be_v in_o flank_n of_o the_o march_n the_o rear_n in_o necessity_n may_v well_o be_v make_v good_a by_o the_o bringer_n up_o deduction_n be_v the_o mother_n of_o many_o form_n of_o battle_n usual_a in_o march_n from_o it_o come_v the_o caelembolos_fw-la whereof_o we_o speak_v before_o from_o it_o be_v the_o antistomus_n the_o peristomus_fw-la the_o homoiostomus_n the_o heterostomus_fw-la of_o which_o hereafter_o 2_o when_o the_o phalange_n proceed_v in_o a_o wing_n suidas_n have_v that_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n be_v say_v to_o be_v when_o the_o phalange_n march_v with_o the_o fileleader_n on_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n if_o on_o the_o left_a it_o be_v say_v to_o be_v a_o left-hand_a deduction_n if_o on_o the_o right_n a_o right-hand_a deduction_n he_o make_v no_o mention_n of_o a_o wing_n as_o aelian_n do_v for_o it_o may_v so_o fall_v out_o that_o the_o body_n may_v be_v such_o as_o have_v the_o depth_n and_o breadth_n all_o one_o as_o a_o xenagy_n which_o have_v sixteen_o in_o breadth_n and_o sixteen_o in_o depth_n some_o body_n also_o as_o the_o taxi_n and_o tetrarchy_n have_v the_o depth_n less_o than_o the_o breadth_n the_o first_o hold_v sixteen_o in_o depth_n &_o no_o more_o than_o eight_o in_o breadth_n the_o last_o four_o in_o breadth_n and_o sixteen_o in_o depth_n so_o that_o they_o march_v not_o in_o a_o wing_n but_o because_o march_n for_o the_o most_o part_n be_v undertake_v in_o a_o wing_n it_o be_v the_o cause_n why_o aelian_n say_v that_o deduction_n proceed_v in_o a_o wing_n the_o depth_n whereof_o manifold_o exceed_v the_o length_n and_o they_o proceed_v 3._o not_o by_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n that_o be_v the_o fileleader_n be_v wheel_v to_o the_o flank_n after_o they_o have_v settle_v themselves_o to_o march_v proceed_v on_o their_o journey_n as_o they_o stand_v in_o the_o flank_n only_o face_v that_o way_n the_o march_n be_v intend_v and_o return_v not_o to_o lead_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n as_o they_o do_v at_o first_o to_o lead_v by_o file_n be_v when_o the_o fileleader_n proceed_v and_o have_v their_o file_n follow_v at_o their_o back_n to_o lead_v by_o rank_n be_v when_o that_o which_o be_v the_o flank_n at_o first_o become_v the_o front_n and_o begin_v the_o march_n and_o the_o rest_n follow_v according_o flanke-wise_a yet_o this_o be_v to_o be_v note_v that_o albeit_o the_o front_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v change_v in_o the_o deduction_n
yet_o remain_v the_o file_n file_n as_o they_o be_v before_o and_o be_v not_o alter_v into_o rank_n aelian_n himself_o give_v testimony_n hereto_o affirm_v that_o the_o phalange_n proceed_v not_o by_o file_n but_o by_o rank_n whereas_o if_o the_o file_n hold_v not_o their_o first_o name_n after_o wheel_v to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a flank_n the_o march_n forward_o the_o fileleader_n be_v in_o the_o flank_n shall_v be_v by_o file_n and_o not_o by_o rank_n 4._o for_o the_o phalange_n march_v in_o a_o double_a treble_a or_o quadruple_a side_n a_o doubleside_v 〈…〉_z be_v that_o which_o have_v the_o fileleader_n on_o both_o the_o flank_n the_o rest_n back_o to_o back_o within_o when_o the_o enemy_n give_v on_o for_o otherwise_o when_o they_o march_v forward_o all_o their_o face_n be_v set_v one_o way_n that_o be_v towards_o the_o place_n whether_o the_o march_n be_v intend_v a_o treble-sided_n battle_n be_v when_o three_o side_n of_o the_o battle_n be_v to_o be_v charge_v whether_o the_o front_n and_o both_o the_o flank_n or_o both_o the_o flank_n and_o the_o rear_n or_o the_o rear_n one_o of_o the_o flank_n and_o the_o front_n and_o the_o fileleader_n be_v order_v on_o all_o the_o three_o side_n a_o quadruple_a battle_n be_v when_o the_o fileleader_n be_v place_v in_o front_n in_o the_o rear_n and_o in_o both_o the_o flank_n a_o example_n of_o the_o quadruple_a battle_n will_v show_v the_o use_n and_o frame_n of_o the_o rest_n for_o as_o the_o rest_n oppose_v one_o two_o or_o three_o side_n against_o the_o enemy_n so_o the_o quadruple_a fortify_v and_o strengthen_v all_o the_o four_o side_n by_o place_v the_o fileleader_n in_o they_o of_o order_v the_o fileleader_n upon_o one_o flank_n deduction_n may_v be_v be_v a_o example_n upon_o both_o flank_n the_o antistomus_n phalange_n upon_o front_n and_o rear_v the_o amphistomus_fw-la on_o all_o four_o side_n the_o plesium_n of_o all_o which_o occasion_n will_v be_v give_v to_o speak_v hereafter_o now_o i_o may_v signify_v that_o the_o plesium_n be_v a_o square_a hollow_a battle_n the_o length_n whereof_o much_o exceed_v the_o depth_n have_v the_o arm_a foot_n place_v on_o all_o the_o four_o side_n the_o lightarmed_n throw_v into_o the_o midst_n the_o grecian_n that_o follow_v cyrus_n the_o young_a into_o persia_n against_o king_n artaxerxes_n after_o their_o colonel_n be_v take_v prisoner_n and_o put_v to_o death_n by_o the_o subtlety_n and_o perjury_n of_o tissaphernes_n be_v but_o 10000_o and_o to_o retreat_v through_o open_a and_o plain_a ground_n in_o which_o they_o be_v like_a to_o be_v charge_v by_o a_o infinite_a number_n of_o horse_n and_o foot_n by_o the_o advice_n of_o xenophon_n cast_v themselves_o into_o this_o form_n his_o word_n be_v in_o effect_n these_o we_o e._n shall_v it_o may_v be_v march_n in_o more_o safety_n if_o we_o order_v ourselves_o into_o a_o plesium_n of_o arm_a foot_n and_o give_v the_o carriage_n and_o disarm_v multitude_n a_o place_n of_o security_n within_o the_o hollowness_n of_o the_o battle_n if_o therefore_o it_o be_v now_o resolve_v aforehand_o who_o shall_v command_v in_o the_o front_n of_o the_o plesium_n and_o take_v charge_n of_o vaunt_v who_o on_o the_o flank_n and_o who_o in_o the_o rear_n we_o shall_v not_o need_v to_o take_v advice_n at_o the_o approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n but_o put_v in_o execution_n that_o which_o be_v resolve_v before_o and_o a_o little_a after_o and_o my_o opinion_n be_v that_o cherisophus_n be_v the_o fit_a commander_n for_o the_o vaunt_v because_o he_o be_v a_o lacedaemonian_a and_o let_v two_o of_o the_o â—ldest_a colonel_n take_v care_n of_o the_o flank_n the_o young_a namely_o myself_o and_o timasion_n will_v look_v to_o the_o rear_n this_o be_v xenophons_n counsel_n and_o in_o this_o form_n they_o march_v and_o be_v charge_v afterward_o with_o both_o persian_a horse_n and_o foot_n they_o defend_v themselves_o against_o all_o effort_n of_o the_o enemy_n the_o quadruple_a battle_n therefore_o be_v use_v when_o the_o enemy_n be_v expect_v to_o give_v on_o all_o side_n and_o he_o that_o can_v frame_v it_o can_v easy_o cast_v his_o troop_n into_o the_o other_o two_o form_n yet_o will_v not_o every_o receive_n the_o enemy_n in_o flank_n prove_v a_o deduction_n for_o in_o case_n of_o necessity_n and_o sudden_a approach_n of_o the_o enemy_n you_o shall_v be_v drive_v to_o facing_n wherein_o you_o only_o turn_v the_o face_n of_o soldier_n to_o the_o flank_n without_o any_o deduction_n see_v the_o figure_n of_o this_o battle_n express_v in_o the_o picture_n 5._o do_v make_v the_o length_n double_a to_o the_o depth_n i_o suspect_v this_o place_n to_o be_v corrupt_v in_o the_o text_n of_o aelian_n the_o rather_o because_o before_o in_o the_o description_n of_o a_o deduction_n he_o say_v that_o deduction_n proceed_v in_o a_o wing_n wherein_o the_o depth_n 〈◊〉_d manifold_o exceed_v the_o length_n of_o the_o battle_n as_o the_o last_o foregoing_a chapter_n do_v show_v beside_o the_o example_n which_o be_v give_v in_o the_o text_n be_v not_o of_o double_a proportion_n but_o of_o treble_a and_o more_o ten_o comprehend_v three_o three_o time_n and_o more_o of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n chap._n xxxviii_o 1_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la for_o it_o be_v so_o call_v because_o it_o have_v two_o front_n and_o that_o part_n of_o the_o battle_n that_o be_v set_v and_o advance_v against_o the_o enemy_n be_v call_v a_o front_n see_v then_o in_o this_o form_n the_o middlemost_a be_v order_v back_o to_o back_n and_o those_o in_o the_o front_n and_o rear_v make_v head_n against_o the_o enemy_n the_o one_o be_v commander_n in_o front_n the_o other_o in_o rear_n therefore_o it_o be_v call_v amphistomus_fw-la it_o be_v of_o great_a use_n against_o a_o enemy_n strong_a in_o horse_n and_o able_a to_o give_v a_o hot_a and_o dangerous_a charge_n and_o principal_o practise_v against_o cap._n 38_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la those_o barbarian_n that_o inhabit_v about_o the_o river_n ister_n who_o they_o also_o call_v amphippi_n because_o they_o change_v their_o horse_n in_o fight_n the_o horse_n battle_n to_o encounter_v this_o form_n have_v a_o tetragonall_a shape_n be_v for_o the_o purpose_n divide_v into_o two_o broad_a square_n they_o be_v call_v broad_a square_n that_o have_v the_o front_n twice_o as_o much_o as_o the_o depth_n and_o those_o square_n be_v oppose_v several_o against_o the_o flank_n of_o the_o foot-battaile_n note_n 1_o there_o be_v many_o kind_n of_o battle_n which_o be_v useful_a for_o a_o march_n be_v describe_v partly_o in_o the_o former_a two_o chapter_n partly_o in_o this_o and_o in_o the_o chapter_n follow_v whereof_o some_o be_v for_o ease_v of_o the_o march_n as_o the_o induction_n some_o for_o fight_n those_o which_o be_v for_o fight_v be_v either_o offensive_a or_o else_o defensive_a of_o the_o offensive_a kind_n be_v the_o caelembolos_fw-la before_o mention_v of_o the_o defensive_a the_o triphalange_n to_o be_v oppose_v against_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la and_o both_o the_o deduction_n which_o be_v represent_v in_o the_o two_o last_o chapter_n and_o in_o this_o chapter_n be_v describe_v another_o of_o the_o defensive_a form_n that_o be_v to_o say_v the_o phalange_n autistomus_n in_o which_o although_o the_o march_n be_v not_o continue_v for_o it_o be_v always_o take_v up_o in_o a_o stand_n to_o resist_v a_o charge_n of_o the_o enemy_n yet_o it_o be_v a_o remedy_n defensive_a against_o the_o sudden_a attempt_n of_o the_o enemy_n which_o be_v about_o to_o charge_v your_o rear_n 2._o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la the_o title_n of_o this_o chapter_n be_v litigious_a and_o there_o be_v a_o controversy_n among_o the_o learned_a which_o of_o two_o name_n the_o chapter_n shall_v bear_v gaza_n gesner_n and_o arcierus_n will_v have_v it_o inscribe_v antitistomus_n robortellus_n amphistomus_fw-la i_o have_v in_o the_o translation_n follow_v the_o opinion_n of_o robortellus_n my_o reason_n be_v because_o of_o these_o word_n in_o aelian_a 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d they_o in_o the_o beginning_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d charge_v the_o enemy_n which_o word_n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d i_o have_v not_o read_v apply_v to_o the_o flank_n and_o therefore_o take_v it_o for_o front_n and_o rear_v because_o the_o one_o namely_o the_o front_n be_v as_o it_o be_v the_o beginning_n of_o the_o battle_n the_o other_o viz._n the_o rear_n be_v the_o end_n in_o which_o sense_n if_o you_o take_v the_o word_n the_o description_n must_v needs_o agree_v with_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la which_o the_o enemy_n charge_v both_o front_n and_o rear_v with_o the_o fileleader_n and_o their_o half_a file_n as_o they_o stand_v receive_v those_o that_o charge_v the_o front_n with_o the_o brnigers-up_a and_o the_o other_o half_a file_n face_v about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n those_o which_o
upon_o their_o own_o people_n other_o fall_v upon_o the_o macedonian_n who_o make_v large_a distance_n those_o which_o enter_v be_v partly_o overwhelm_v with_o dart_n partly_o pass_v queit_n through_o some_o be_v carry_v with_o the_o violence_n of_o their_o course_n and_o work_v mighty_o with_o their_o sharp_a scythe_n bring_v with_o they_o many_o and_o sundry_a kind_n of_o death_n for_o the_o force_n of_o their_o scythe_n have_v such_o power_n to_o destroy_v taht_v from_o many_o it_o cut_v off_o the_o arm_n and_o target_n and_o all_o the_o neck_n of_o not_o a_o few_o be_v carve_v head_n fall_v to_o the_o ground_n the_o eye_n yet_o see_v the_o countenance_n not_o alter_v of_o some_o the_o it_o tear_v out_o the_o side_n and_o put_v they_o to_o a_o speedy_a death_n hitherto_o of_o the_o history_n of_o diodorus_n but_o where_o he_o noteththe_v harm_n that_o come_v from_o the_o sythed_a chariot_n i_o take_v it_o they_o may_v have_v be_v avoid_v if_o the_o distance_n have_v be_v wide_o enough_o because_o i_o find_v in_o xenophon_n in_o the_o battle_n betwixt_o artaxerxes_n and_o cyrus_n mention_v by_o i_o before_o that_o many_o of_o the_o chariot_n of_o the_o persian_n run_v through_o the_o phalange_n of_o the_o grecian_n without_o hurt_n to_o any_o man_n to_o return_v then_o to_o the_o use_n of_o this_o form_n it_o have_v heretofore_o and_o may_v at_o this_o day_n be_v put_v in_o practice_n against_o horse_n and_o not_o only_o against_o horse_n order_v in_o a_o wedge_n but_o also_o give_v on_o in_o a_o square_a if_o it_o be_v so_o they_o charge_v by_o troop_n and_o the_o open_n be_v wide_o enough_o and_o sudden_a to_o receive_v the_o front_n of_o the_o horse_n for_o against_o a_o gross_a of_o horse_n they_o can_v have_v time_n to_o open_v wide_o enough_o and_o if_o they_o open_v too_o timely_a they_o leave_v liberty_n to_o the_o horse_n to_o charge_n either_o of_o the_o part_n open_v as_o themselves_o shall_v please_v and_o by_o divide_v themselves_o they_o diminish_v their_o own_o strength_n word_n of_o direction_n for_o the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n 1_o wheel_n the_o wing_n into_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n this_o be_v do_v if_o the_o middlemost_a two_o fileleader_n stand_v firm_a &_o the_o rest_n with_o their_o file_n wheel_n till_o they_o meet_v and_o then_o stand_v they_o face_n to_o the_o front_n and_o when_o the_o horse_n charge_n open_v the_o midst_n sudden_o and_o face_v one_o against_o another_o charge_v your_o pike_n against_o the_o horse_n 2_o face_n to_o the_o front_n 3_o open_v your_o battle_n 4_o face_n to_o the_o midst_n 5_o charge_v your_o pike_n restore_a to_o the_o first_o posture_n 1_o advance_v your_o pike_n 2_o close_a your_o battle_n 3_o face_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n 4_o wheel_n the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n to_o the_o wing_n 5_o face_n as_o you_o be_v at_o first_o and_o stand_v of_o the_o peristomus_fw-la diphalange_n chap._n xxxxi_n the_o phalange_n of_o the_o diphalange_n peristomus_fw-la proceed_v by_o deduction_n in_o a_o wing_n the_o oblique_a deduction_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n have_v the_o fileleader_n without_o the_o left_a hand_n oblique_a deduction_n have_v the_o reare-comamnders_a within_o the_o figure_n show_v the_o intent_n of_o they_o that_o fight_v so_o order_v for_o the_o battle_n go_v to_o charge_n have_v be_v at_o first_o tetragonall_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o oblique_a wing_n the_o right_a and_o the_o left_a of_o purpose_n to_o enclose_v the_o adverse_a square_a battle_n and_o they_o fear_v to_o be_v enclose_v transform_v themselves_o into_o two_o march_v phalanges_fw-la direct_v one_o against_o the_o right_n the_o other_o against_o the_o left_a wing_n therefore_o be_v it_o call_v peristomus_fw-la as_o have_v the_o front_n bend_v against_o the_o enemy_n both_o way_n note_n 1_o about_o the_o inscription_n of_o this_o chapter_n also_o there_o be_v a_o controversy_n among_o the_o interpreter_n some_o will_v have_v it_o of_o the_o peristomus_fw-la diphalange_n some_o of_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la diphalange_n and_o of_o the_o peristomus_fw-la why_o any_o man_n shall_v imagine_v that_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la diphalange_n be_v here_o describe_v i_o cap._n 41_o the_o square_n deur_v in_o two_o and_o set_v against_o yâ—_z peristomus_fw-la two_o wing_n the_o diphalange_n peristomus_fw-la the_o uneven_a front_n of_o the_o peristomus_fw-la the_o right_a wing_n of_o the_o peristomus_fw-la the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o peristomus_fw-la conceive_v not_o unless_o he_o shall_v seem_v to_o make_v aelian_n contrary_a to_o himself_o for_o the_o amphistomus_fw-la diphalange_n have_v nothing_o to_o do_v with_o the_o flank_n as_o appear_v by_o aelian_n in_o the_o 34_o chapter_n this_o diphalange_n fight_v altogether_o in_o flank_n as_o the_o description_n declare_v the_o phalanges_fw-la of_o the_o diphalange_n peristomus_fw-la what_o a_o wing_n be_v and_o what_o deduction_n i_o have_v show_v before_o the_o meaning_n be_v that_o the_o phalanges_fw-la peristomus_fw-la be_v both_o of_o they_o lead_v oblique_o with_o the_o fileleader_n in_o flank_n and_o in_o two_o deep_a body_n whereof_o the_o one_o have_v in_o purpose_n to_o charge_v the_o right_a flank_n the_o other_o the_o left_a flank_n of_o the_o adverse_a square_a battle_n 2_o the_o oblique_a deduction_n on_o the_o right_a hand_n albeit_o both_o these_o phalanges_fw-la be_v 〈◊〉_d call_v oblique_a yet_o we_o may_v not_o imagine_v that_o these_o loxe-phalanges_a be_v the_o same_o that_o be_v describe_v in_o the_o 30_o chapter_n for_o in_o that_o one_o of_o the_o phalange_n forbear_v the_o fight_n the_o other_o advance_v to_o join_v with_o the_o enemy_n in_o this_o both_o fight_n at_o once_o and_o have_v their_o advantage_n by_o charge_v the_o flank_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o begin_v the_o fight_n in_o front_n &_o have_v there_o the_o fileleader_n this_o in_o both_o flank_n this_o seek_v to_o encompass_v that_o to_o avoid_v encompass_v itself_o as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o same_o chapter_n 3_o the_o oblique_a deduction_n on_o the_o right-hand_a have_v the_o fileleader_n without_o i_o must_v imagine_v till_o further_a information_n that_o here_o be_v a_o fault_n in_o the_o text_n my_o reason_n be_v this_o all_o deduction_n be_v make_v to_o oppose_v the_o fileleader_n against_o the_o enemy_n in_o fight_n so_o be_v the_o right-hand_a deduction_n use_v when_o it_o be_v suspect_v the_o enemy_n will_v charge_v the_o right-hand_a flank_n the_o left-hand_a deduction_n when_o it_o be_v suspect_v he_o will_v charge_v the_o left_a so_o in_o wheeling_n we_o turn_v the_o front_n against_o the_o enemy_n so_o in_o countermarche_n now_o this_o form_n be_v invent_v to_o encompass_v the_o enemy_n and_o to_o fight_v upon_o his_o flank_n i_o will_v think_v the_o fileleader_n ought_v to_o be_v place_v on_o the_o inward_a flank_n of_o the_o diphalange_n as_o it_o be_v in_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la for_o be_v the_o bringer_n up_o to_o be_v within_o they_o shall_v sustain_v all_o the_o weight_n of_o the_o fight_n the_o battle_n be_v once_o divide_v and_o the_o fileleader_n stand_v without_o shall_v idle_o look_v on_o which_o be_v contrary_a to_o the_o military_a discipline_n of_o the_o grecian_n who_o care_n be_v to_o use_v the_o fileleader_n in_o fight_n as_o much_o as_o be_v possible_a neither_o be_v it_o thereupon_o to_o be_v conclude_v that_o this_o diphalange_n and_o the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n be_v all_o one_o for_o although_o both_o have_v their_o fileleader_n within_o yet_o do_v they_o differ_v both_o in_o form_n and_o end_n in_o form_n because_o this_o move_v forward_o with_o both_o phalanges_fw-la the_o other_o stand_v still_o this_o be_v oblique_a the_o other_o in_o a_o straight_a line_n that_o have_v the_o front_n of_o the_o two_o phalanges_fw-la even_o this_o as_o it_o fall_v out_o in_o the_o motion_n sometime_o the_o one_o more_o forword_n sometime_o the_o other_o in_o their_o end_n because_o this_o go_v to_o assault_v and_o to_o break_v the_o enemy_n battle_n the_o other_o stand_v fast_o and_o seek_v only_o to_o save_v itself_o the_o one_o be_v offensive_a the_o other_o defensive_a so_o that_o as_o i_o say_v before_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la and_o this_o be_v both_o frame_v out_o of_o the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n both_o have_v their_o fileleader_n within_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o battle_n and_o yet_o differ_v in_o that_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la be_v but_o one_o body_n hollow_v within_o this_o divide_a into_o two_o body_n and_o they_o fear_v to_o be_v enclose_v the_o case_n of_o this_o square_n be_v almost_o all_o one_o with_o the_o square_n against_o which_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la be_v oppose_v for_o both_o be_v in_o danger_n to_o be_v enclose_v now_o as_o the_o other_o square_n be_v fain_o to_o cast_v itself_o into_o a_o triphalange_n and_o to_o oppose_v two_o of_o the_o phalanges_fw-la against_o the_o two_o wing_n of_o the_o
caelembolos_fw-la reserve_v the_o three_o for_o all_o accident_n so_o this_o square_n divide_v itself_o into_o two_o phalanges_fw-la but_o have_v no_o third_n set_v the_o one_o against_o the_o right-hand_a battle_n of_o the_o peristomus_fw-la the_o other_o against_o the_o left_a for_o by_o this_o opposition_n they_o inhibit_v the_o enemy_n from_o attach_n their_o flank_n of_o this_o form_n i_o find_v not_o many_o precedent_n in_o the_o greek_a history_n i_o will_v receit_n only_o 609._o one_o out_o of_o arrian_n concern_v alexander_n which_o if_o it_o hit_v not_o this_o form_n in_o every_o point_n yet_o it_o have_v full_o the_o effect_n of_o that_o which_o be_v intend_v by_o aelian_n alexander_n be_v to_o deliver_v battle_n to_o porus_n a_o king_n of_o part_n of_o india_n lie_v on_o the_o other_o side_n of_o the_o river_n hydaspes_n find_v his_o enemy_n army_n to_o be_v thus_o embattle_v he_o have_v place_v his_o elephant_n in_o the_o front_n 100_o foot_n distant_a one_o from_o another_o and_o he_o place_v they_o there_o to_o give_v terror_n to_o alexander_n horse_n for_o he_o imagine_v that_o no_o enemy_n dare_v approach_v the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o elephant_n neither_o with_o horse_n for_o fear_n of_o the_o elephant_n and_o much_o less_o with_o foot_n because_o the_o arm_a on_o his_o side_n be_v there_o to_o receive_v they_o and_o the_o elephant_n will_v tread_v and_o trample_v they_o under_o their_o foot_n next_o he_o order_v the_o foot_n not_o in_o a_o equal_a front_n with_o the_o beast_n but_o in_o a_o second_o front_n after_o they_o so_o that_o the_o file_n come_v up_o almost_o to_o the_o space_n betwixt_o the_o elephant_n beside_o he_o add_v foot_n upon_o the_o wing_n above_o the_o elephans_fw-la on_o both_o the_o wing_n of_o the_o foot_n he_o order_v his_o horse_n and_o before_o they_o his_o chariot_n this_o be_v the_o embattail_v of_o porus._n alexander_n as_o soon_o as_o he_o see_v the_o indian_n stand_v in_o battle_n array_n cause_v his_o horse_n to_o make_v alte_fw-la that_o he_o may_v have_v his_o foot_n come_v up_o who_o advance_v still_o forward_o and_o when_o the_o phalange_n be_v come_v unto_o he_o run_v he_o embattle_v it_o not_o present_o nor_o forthwith_o lead_v it_o against_o the_o enemy_n lâ—st_v he_o shall_v deliver_v it_o weary_a and_o out_o of_o breath_n into_o the_o hand_n of_o the_o barbarian_n that_o be_v fresh_a but_o circle_v and_o ride_v here_o and_o there_o in_o round_n with_o his_o horse_n he_o rest_v his_o foot_n and_o give_v they_o time_n to_o refresh_v themselves_o and_o after_o he_o behold_v the_o indian_a manner_n of_o embattail_v he_o think_v it_o not_o good_a to_o give_v upon_o the_o midst_n of_o the_o front_n where_o the_o elephant_n stand_v and_o the_o phalange_n be_v close_o order_v against_o the_o space_n of_o the_o elephant_n fear_v the_o reason_n that_o lead_v porus_n to_o embattle_n in_o that_o form_n but_o as_o he_o be_v strong_a in_o horse_n take_v to_o he_o the_o most_o of_o his_o horse_n he_o speed_v to_o the_o left_a wing_n of_o the_o enemy_n in_o purpose_n to_o give_v on_o there_o and_o send_v coenus_n with_o demetrius_n his_o troop_n and_o his_o own_o troop_n against_o the_o right_a wing_n command_v he_o that_o when_o the_o barbarian_n see_v his_o troop_n shall_v turue_v their_o strength_n of_o horse_n against_o he_o coenus_n shall_v invade_v their_o back_n he_o give_v the_o phalange_n to_o seleucus_n antigone_n and_o tauron_n to_o lead_v command_v they_o not_o to_o fall_v on_o before_o they_o see_v the_o enemy_n foot_n and_o horse_n put_v into_o a_o bransle_n by_o his_o horse_n what_o the_o event_n of_o the_o fight_n be_v i_o have_v before_o show_v in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la where_o i_o have_v cite_v the_o latter_a end_n of_o this_o history_n now_o may_v be_v see_v by_o this_o example_n that_o alexander_n begin_v the_o fight_v not_o in_o the_o front_n but_o in_o the_o flank_n and_o the_o cause_n why_o he_o do_v it_o be_v 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champagne_n and_o darius_n abound_v in_o multitude_n defend_v himself_o with_o a_o epicampios_fw-la opisthia_fw-la or_o a_o rear_n hollow_a battle_n i_o have_v show_v the_o manner_n of_o it_o before_o in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o 46_o chapter_n and_o sometime_o again_o by_o foresee_v the_o danger_n and_o place_n reserve_v in_o the_o rear_n or_o some_o other_o secret_a place_n to_o charge_v the_o enemy_n in_o their_o flank_n while_o they_o busy_a themselves_o against_o your_o flank_n this_o 8._o be_v practise_v by_o cyrus_n the_o elder_a against_o croesn_n as_o i_o have_v show_v in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o 46_o chapter_n of_o 2_o this_o kind_n also_o it_o be_v when_o you_o lay_v a_o ambush_n to_o charge_v their_o rear_n while_o they_o charge_v your_o flank_n the_o place_n will_v likewise_o help_v much_o to_o avoid_v encompass_v for_o if_o the_o battle_n be_v fight_v in_o a_o straight_a place_n by_o nature_n where_o the_o enemy_n can_v draw_v out_o his_o phalange_n in_o length_n 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chapter_n i_o give_v out_o of_o thucydides_n of_o overw_v and_o the_o example_n of_o the_o colchans_n who_o fear_v to_o be_v overfront_v by_o the_o grecian_n upon_o a_o hill_n upon_o which_o they_o stand_v embattle_v lead_v their_o wing_n to_o the_o right_n and_o left_a hand_n to_o match_v the_o front_n of_o the_o grecian_n leave_v the_o midst_n of_o their_o battle_n empty_a into_o which_o the_o grecian_n convey_v themselves_o easy_o put_v the_o colchans_n to_o flight_n as_o f._n xenophon_n record_v 34._o ouerw_v be_v also_o prevent_v if_o you_o hold_v reserve_v secret_o in_o the_o rear_n of_o your_o battle_n to_o fly_v out_o upon_o the_o sudden_a against_o those_o force_n of_o the_o enemy_n that_o seek_v to_o overw_v you_o this_o remedy_n be_v use_v by_o 322._o caesar_n in_o the_o battle_n of_o pharsaly_n when_o pompey_n have_v abundance_n of_o horseman_n seek_v to_o circumvent_v that_o wing_n of_o caesar_n battle_n which_o lie_v to_o the_o open_a field_n and_o be_v not_o guard_v 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the_o wise_a counsel_n of_o the_o grecian_n towards_o the_o obtain_n of_o victory_n for_o there_o be_v no_o room_n for_o the_o persiâ—â—s_n to_o extend_v their_o phalange_n in_o any_o great_a proportion_n of_o length_n so_o that_o many_o myriad_o of_o the_o barbarian_n come_v to_o be_v of_o no_o use_n the_o grecian_n therefore_o 〈…〉_z in_o confidence_n of_o the_o place_n advance_v their_o force_n to_o fight_v and_o order_v themselves_o according_a to_o the_o present_a occasion_n lead_v against_o the_o enemy_n mardonius_n be_v compel_v to_o make_v a_o deep_a phalange_n order_v his_o battle_n in_o such_o sort_n as_o he_o think_v most_o convenient_a and_o with_o cry_n set_v forward_o against_o the_o grecian_n this_o example_n albeit_o it_o be_v a_o remedy_n against_o hyperphalangesis_n or_o over-fronting_a yet_o because_o it_o give_v a_o safeguard_n by_o a_o mountain_n to_o one_o of_o the_o wing_n i_o take_v it_o to_o be_v proper_a enough_o to_o hyperkerasis_n or_o overwinging_a beside_o that_o as_o i_o before_o note_v all_o mean_n that_o be_v use_v to_o avoid_v over-fronting_a be_v good_a likewise_o for_o the_o avoid_v of_o overwinging_a 3_o attenuation_n be_v this_o be_v nothing_o else_o but_o double_v of_o rank_n whereof_o see_v the_o 29_o chapter_n of_o convey_v the_o carriage_n of_o the_o army_n chap._n xlv_o the_o lead_n of_o the_o carriage_n if_o any_o thing_n else_o be_v of_o great_a 1_o importance_n and_o 2_o require_v a_o special_a commander_n it_o may_v be_v convey_v in_o 5_o manner_n 3_o either_o before_o the_o army_n or_o 4_o behind_o or_o on_o the_o 5_o one_o flank_n or_o the_o other_o or_o in_o the_o 6_o midst_n before_o when_o you_o fear_v to_o be_v charge_v behind_o behind_o when_o you_o lead_v towards_o your_o enemy_n when_o you_o fear_v to_o be_v charge_v in_o flank_n on_o the_o contrary_a side_n in_o the_o midst_n when_o a_o hollow_a battle_n be_v needful_a note_n 1_o be_v of_o great_a importance_n the_o importange_n of_o dispose_v the_o carriage_n in_o a_o march_n be_v well_o set_v down_o by_o 4._o leo_n you_o say_v he_o to_o his_o general_n ought_v to_o have_v a_o special_a care_n of_o your_o baggage_n and_o not_o to_o leave_v it_o at_o random_n but_o to_o secure_v it_o in_o the_o place_n where_o it_o shall_v be_v nor_o to_o lead_v it_o unaduised_o into_o the_o battle_n for_o it_o oftentimes_o fall_v out_o that_o servant_n fit_a for_o the_o soldier_n use_n and_o the_o soldier_n child_n and_o kinsman_n be_v among_o it_o and_o if_o it_o remain_v not_o in_o safety_n the_o mind_n of_o the_o soldier_n be_v distract_v with_o doubtfulness_n and_o care_n and_o fear_n of_o the_o spoil_n thereof_o for_o every_o man_n of_o understanding_n endeavour_v to_o possess_v that_o which_o be_v the_o enemy_n without_o loss_n of_o his_o own_o this_o be_v the_o advice_n of_o leo._n a_o pregnant_a example_n hereof_o may_v be_v read_v in_o diodorus_n siculus_n his_o description_n of_o the_o last_o battle_n betwixt_o antigonus_n and_o eumenes_n in_o which_o antigonus_n have_v foil_v eumenes_n horse_n send_v his_o median_a horseman_n and_o a_o sufficient_a number_n of_o tarentines_n to_o invade_v the_o enemy_n baggage_n for_o he_o hope_v which_o be_v true_a not_o to_o be_v descry_v by_o reason_n of_o the_o dust_n and_o by_o possess_v the_o baggage_n to_o become_v vanquisher_n of_o the_o enemy_n without_o travail_n they_o that_o be_v send_v ride_v about_o the_o wing_n of_o their_o adversary_n unperceived_a fall_v upon_o the_o baggage_n which_o be_v distant_a from_o the_o battle_n about_o five_o furlong_n and_o find_v by_o it_o a_o rabble_n of_o folk_n unfit_a for_o fight_v and_o but_o a_o few_o leave_v for_o guard_n thereof_o put_v they_o to_o flight_v quick_o that_o withstand_v they_o make_v themselves_o master_n of_o all_o the_o rest_n eumenes_n hear_v that_o his_o
wheel_v there_o ought_v to_o be_v a_o face_n to_o the_o same_o hand_n first_o before_o you_o return_v and_o then_o a_o return_v the_o contrary_a way_n about_o the_o same_o corner_n file-leader_n about_o who_o the_o motion_n be_v first_o make_v this_o be_v to_o be_v understand_v of_o wheel_v the_o whole_a body_n in_o wheel_v the_o front_n into_o the_o flank_n after_o wheel_v perform_v the_o body_n before_o return_v be_v to_o face_n to_o the_o commander_n then_o to_o return_v about_o the_o same_o bringer_n up_o till_o all_o come_v to_o be_v as_o they_o be_v in_o wheel_v the_o flank_n into_o the_o front_n after_o the_o wheel_a be_v make_v the_o body_n be_v to_o face_n likewise_o to_o the_o commander_n then_o face_v about_o to_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n to_o return_v to_o the_o first_o posture_n about_o the_o two_o middle_a fileleader_n as_o about_o their_o centre_n hic_fw-la cestus_fw-la artemque_fw-la repone_fw-la finis_fw-la the_o content_n of_o the_o chapter_n of_o this_o book_n the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n the_o deep_a phalange_n or_o hearse_n and_o the_o un-even_a fronted-phalange_a chapter_n 30_o parembole_n protaxis_fw-la epitaxis_fw-la prostaxis_fw-la entaxis_fw-la and_o hypotaxis_fw-la chap._n 31_o the_o use_n and_o advantage_n of_o these_o exercise_n of_o arm_n chap._n 34_o of_o the_o sign_n of_o direction_n which_o be_v to_o be_v give_v to_o the_o army_n and_o of_o their_o several_a kind_n chap._n 35_o of_o march_v and_o of_o the_o diverse_a kind_n of_o battle_n fit_a for_o a_o march_n and_o first_o of_o the_o right_a induction_n of_o the_o caelembolos_fw-la and_o of_o the_o triphalange_n to_o be_v oppose_v against_o it_o chap._n 36_o of_o the_o paragoge_n or_o deduction_n chap._n 37_o of_o the_o phalange_n amphistomus_fw-la chap._n 38_o of_o the_o phalange_n antistomus_n chap._n 39_o of_o the_o diphalange_n antistomus_n chap._n 40_o of_o the_o peristomus_fw-la diphalange_n chap._n 41_o of_o the_o diphalange_n homoiostomus_fw-la and_o of_o the_o plinthium_fw-la chap._n 42_o of_o the_o diphalange_n heterostomus_fw-la chap._n 43_o of_o the_o horse_n rhombe_n and_o of_o the_o foot-halfe-moone_n to_o encounter_v it_o chap._n 44_o of_o the_o horsebattaile_n heteromeke_v and_o the_o plagiophalange_n to_o be_v oppose_v against_o it_o chap._n 45_o of_o another_o kind_n of_o rhombe_n for_o horseman_n and_o of_o the_o foot-battaile_n call_v epicampios_fw-la emprosthia_n to_o encounter_v it_o chap._n 46_o of_o the_o foot-battaile_n call_v cyrte_n which_o be_v to_o be_v set_v against_o the_o epicampios_fw-la chap._n 47_o of_o the_o tetragonall_a horsebattaile_n and_o of_o the_o wedge_n of_o foot_n to_o be_v oppose_v against_o it_o chap._n 48_o of_o the_o foot-battaile_n call_v plesium_n and_o of_o the_o wind_v or_o saw-fronted_n battle_n to_o encounter_v it_o chap._n 49_o of_o the_o hyperphalangesis_n and_o hyperkerasis_n and_o of_o attenuation_n chap._n 50_o of_o convey_v the_o carriage_n of_o the_o army_n chap._n 51_o of_o the_o word_n of_o command_n and_o certain_a observation_n about_o they_o chap._n 52_o of_o the_o word_n of_o direction_n chap._n 54_o finis_fw-la finis_fw-la battle_n battle_n cap._n 1â—_n arr._n l._n â—_o 4._o c._n â—_o 9_o §_o 72_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d &_o §_o 77._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 4._o phalange_n macedonian_a consist_v of_o 1634._o pikeman_n phalangarch_n be_v the_o four_o part_n of_o a_o phalange_n 4._o pentecosiarchy_n have_v in_o it_o 512_o man_n the_o ordinary_a depth_n be_v 16._o 16._o aelian_n c._n 36._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d leo_fw-la c._n 9_o §_o 77._o aelian_n c._n 9_o 9_o a_o body_n of_o four_o file_n file_n a_o body_n of_o â—_o file_n file_n a_o body_n of_o 16_o file_n file_n diodor._fw-la sic._n l._n 20._o 20._o arr._n l._n 1._o 3_o c._n c._n xenoph._n hist_o grac._n l._n 6._o 558._o a._n a._n arr._n l._n 1._o 14._o c._n c._n xenoph._n hist_o grac._n l._n 6._o 558._o a._n a._n arr._n l._n 1._o 14._o f._n f._n arr._n l._n 1._o 14._o c._n c._n arr._n l._n 1._o 14._o b._n b._n leo_n c_o 17._o §._o 26._o 26._o leo_fw-la ibid._n ibid._n arr._n l._n 1._o 14._o 14._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d leo_fw-la c._n 17._o §._o 26._o 26._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d x_o â—n_n a_o horse_n horse_n euclyd_n l._n 1._o definit_a 30._o 30._o aelia_n c._n 18._o 38._o 46._o aelian_n have_v afterward_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈…〉_z l._n a._n 32._o d._n â—â—â—_o â—_o â—_o polyen_n l._n â—_o 549._o â—_o â—_o tâ—â—_n use_v of_o the_o broad-fronted_n phalange_n and_o of_o the_o hearse_n hearse_n leo_fw-la c._n 14._o §._o 10â—_o 10â—_o arr_fw-mi l._n 1._o 14._o 14._o xenoph_n cyrop_n l._n 6._o 167._o b._n b._n arr._n l._n 1._o 36._o c._n c._n liu._n l._n 46._o 112._o a._n a._n liu._n l._n 38._o 215._o c._n c._n ael_n c._n 45._o 45._o arr._n l._n 1._o 2._o b._n b._n xenoph_n hist_o 〈…〉_z 6_o â—oâ—_n d._n d._n polyen_n l._n 5._o â—â—3_n §._o 1._o 1._o xenoph._n cyrop_n l._n â—_o 71_o d_o d_o xenoph._n d'exp_n l._n â—_o 3â—0_n d._n d._n xenoph._n d'exp_n l._n â—_o 324._o e._n e._n arr._n l._n 4._o 95._o â—_o d_o xenoph._n d'exp_n l_o 5._o 3â—3_n a._n a._n xenoph._n d'expâ—d_n l._n 4._o 340._o 340._o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 8000_o arm_v 1800_o lightarmed_n lightarmed_n a_o song_n or_o hymn_n to_o apollo_n use_v by_o the_o grecian_n when_o they_o join_v with_o the_o enemy_n jul_a pol._n l._n â—_o c._n 1._o §._o 33._o but_o the_o scholiastes_n of_o thucydides_n say_v there_o be_v two_o paean_n one_o to_o mars_n before_o victory_n the_o other_o to_o apollo_n after_o victory_n â—_o 1._o 1._o xenoph._n cyrop_n l._n â—_o 55._o a._n &_o l._n 5._o 130._o d._n d._n thucyd._n l._n 2._o 155._o â—_o â—_o polyb._n l._n 1._o 27._o â—_o c._n d._n d._n a_o broad-fronted_n battle_n battle_n appian_n in_o lyâ—â—cis_n 22._o 22._o poly._n l._n 15._o â—â—â—_o â—_o â—_o orâ—â—_n orâ—â—_n appianin_n syracis_n 97._o c._n c._n hearse_n transformation_n of_o one_o into_o another_o double_v of_o file_n file_n see_v aelian_n c_o 7._o in_o my_o note_n upon_o the_o 11_o chapt_n chapt_n a_o body_n of_o four_o file_n file_n xenoph._n cyrep_n l._n 2._o 55._o a._n a._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d here_o signify_v a_o file_n in_o the_o ascent_n of_o cyrus_n and_o in_o the_o greek_a history_n it_o signify_v a_o company_n of_o 100_o man_n the_o file-leader_n command_v the_o whole_a file_n of_o 24._o the_o decadarch_n the_o half_n rearefile_v the_o two_o pempedarch_n 5_o man_n a_o piece_n one_o the_o 5_o that_o follow_v after_o the_o first_o 6_o in_o front_n the_o other_o the_o 5_o that_o be_v next_o the_o reaâ—e_n the_o bringer_n up_o be_v the_o last_o of_o all_o all_o xenoph._n de_fw-fr exp_n l._n 4._o 334._o a._n a._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d arr._n l._n 2._o 3â—_n c._n d._n d._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d polyb_a l._n 1â—_n 632._o b._n b._n 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d arr._n â—_o 1._o 14._o â—_o â—_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d polyen_n l._n §_o 16._o 16._o diod._n sic._n l._n 1â—_n 486._o c._n the_o lacedaemonian_n have_v by_o lycurgus_n law_n two_o king_n at_o once_o once_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d the_o baeotianâ—_n be_v 50_o deep_a the_o lacedaemonian_n 1â—_n xenoph._n bist_fw-ge grâ—â—_n l._n 6_o 596._o â—_o â—_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d diod._n l._n 17_o 592_o e_o e_o diod._n l._n 19_o 686._o 686._o diod_n sic._n l._n 19_o 716._o 716._o double_v the_o front_n by_o middle_a man_n man_n adjoin_v adjoin_v forefront_v forefront_v place_v after_o after_o place_v between_o between_o place_v on_o the_o wing_n wing_n diod._n sic._n l._n 19_o 717._o â—_o â—_o against_o the_o front_n front_n double_v of_o rank_n rank_n against_o the_o rear_n rear_n countermarch_v countermarch_v wheeling_n wheeling_n facing_n facing_n veget._n l._n 3._o c._n 5._o 5._o polyb._n l._n 9_o 555._o â—_o â—_o caesar_n de_fw-fr bell_n gall._n l._n 7._o 156._o 156._o three_o be_v 60_o centurion_n in_o a_o roman_a legion_n legion_n â—lin_n natural_a â—ist_v l._n 7._o c._n â—_o 7._o 7._o onosander_n â—_o 25_o 25_o 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d 〈◊〉_d leo_fw-la â—_o 20._o §._o â—â—6_n â—â—6_n onosand_n c._n 25._o polemarche_n lochagi_n pentecoâ—â—ers_n enomotarchs_n xenoph._n cyrop_n l._n 8._o 203._o â—_o â—_o polyb._n l._n 6._o 479_o &_o lipsius_n add_v â—olyb_a â—_o 5._o dial_n 9_o veget._n l._n 3._o â—_o 5._o