Selected quad for the lemma: hand_n

Word A	Word B	Word C	Word D	Occurrence	Frequency Band	MI	MI Band	Prominent
hand_n	leave_v	left_a	rank_n	5,457	5	11.5275	5	false

Text snippets containing the quad

ID	Title	Author	Corrected Date of Publication (TCP Date of Publication)	STC	Words	Pages
A06967	The souldiers grammar containing, the high, necessarie, and most curious rules of the art militarie : as first, whether it be in great motions in generall? or foote motions especially?, or motions of horse, generall, or speciall?, the ranges of foote, or horse?, the ranges of officers, the seuerall imbattailings of foote, and horse, the imbattailing of a regiment, the ioyning of many regiments, or the forming of maine battailes, of any extent, or number, with their formes, and figures, in liuely demonstration, &c. / by G.M. ... ; vnto which, is added the Booke of postures, according to that which is ordered by the lords of His Maiesties most honorable Priuie Counsell.	Markham, Gervase, 1568?-1637.	1626 (1626)	STC 17391.5; ESTC S2808	26,181	63

vp and turne behinde their Leaders but they are mistaken and conceiue not rightly of the Author from whence they take their Instruction for this Motion rather looseth then gayneth ground and seemeth rather to retyre then charge But I leaue the reconcilement of the doubt to those of better Iudgement The next Motion is called the Macedonian Countermarch but from what ground it is not yet discussed As for the manner of the Motion it is in this wise The File leaders all turne about their Faces and all the rest with the Bringers vp goe against them on the right or left hand and passing on to the Ground before the Front of the Battalia place themselues in order one after another according as the File-leaders haue turned their Faces making a shew vnto the Enemy as if they were retyring or running away which inticing the enemy to pursue is of most singular vse to make him leaue and forsake any place or ground of aduantage Others take this Motion to bee the Macedonian Countermarch when the File-leader turneth about his face and the rest passing by him on the right or left Hand place themselues orderly one behinde another And here is to be noted that all these Countermarches already spoken of may as well be done by Ranks as by Fyles and both to the right or left hand entirely or to both by deuision or both by Conuersion as in the former Examples The next Motion is the doubling of Rankes either to the Right or Left Hand intirely as when the second Ranke marcheth into the first the fourth into the third the sixt into the fift and the eight into the seuenth and this Motion must be done very orderly beginning with the left foote and at three steps making perfect the doubling then when they are to be reduced to their first Forme againe to obserue that if they doubled to the right Hand then they must turne on the left hand to come to their first places againe and so contrary to the other as occasion shall serue or this Motion may be done to both hands by Deuision or to both hands by Conversion and to either Open Order Order or Close Order according to these examples Rankes vndoubled Rankes Doubled Thus you see Rankes doubled and vndoubled now there is another manner of doubling of Rankes and that is by the Middlemen or halfe Files when they Aduancing and leading vp their halfe Files brings the fift Ranke on which hand they are commanded being Middlemen to the Front into the first Ranke the sixt into the second the seuenth into the third and the eight in-into the fourth which are Middlemen vnto the Reare as you may see in this example Halfe Files vndoubled Halfe Files Doubled Now to reduce or bring these into their first place or forme the halfe Fyles which did ascend shall turne their Faces about and following the Reare or Bringer vp euery Man shall descend and come into his first place as he was before And when this Bodie shall againe be reduced into his first place then shall the Bringers vp or Reare with their halfe files turne their Faces about and the Ranke 5 shall fall behinde the Ranke 4 the Ranke 6 behind 5 the ranke 7 behind 6 and the ranke 8 being the Reare or Bringrs vp behind the ranke 7 and so euery Man is in his first place againe The next motion vnto these is Wheeling or Turning the whole Bodie of the Battalia to one or the other Hand or entirely round about or otherwise by Deuision to Wheele it to both Hands at once eyther in part or else Round about the generall manner of the Motion is thus First close your Files to the Right hand and your Rankes to the Swords poynt then make the Corner file Leader to the Right hand stand fast and then all the whole Bodie of the Battalia to mooue or Wheele about him as about a Center eyther halfe about or three parts about or else wholy and fully round about Now to reduce it to the first Posture or Station you shall command euery Man to turne his Face to the Left hand then Wheele the Bodie back againe till it come to its first Place and then open the Rankes downeward and the Fyles eyther to one or the other Hand at pleasure As thus you Wheele the whole Body to the one or the other Hand or entirely round about so you may wheele it to both Handes at once by Deuision eyther in part or round about according to pleasure And this is of singular Vse when the Horse shall come to Charge the Foote for by this Wheele you shall couer your Shotte safe and leaue your Pikes outmost to receyue the Charge Now this Wheele is to be made after an other manner for where before eyther the corner Man of the Right hand file or the Corner Man of the Left hand file was to stand fast and firme now all shall moue and onely the Middle Man in the Reare to the right Flanke and the middle Man in the Reare to the Left Flanke shall stand fast and vnmoued and all the rest of the two Deuided Bodies shall moue about them according to these Examples following The Battalia Vnwheeled The Battalia Wheeling The Battalia halfe Wheeled The Battalia Wheeled round about Thus you haue seene the manner of Wheeling with the seuerall Motions and Vses thereof The next Motion whereto foote Companies ought to be applyed is the Casting off of files or as some call it the Giuing of Fire by Flanke or in the Flanke and this motion of casting of Files is done diuers waies as first in Flanke then in Wing and lastly before the Front If you cast off files in flanke to the Right hand then the right hand file being readie to giue fire standeth still till the Bodie of the Battalia be marcht so far forward that the Reare or Bringers vp become euen with the Leader of the right hand file then that file so standing and prepared giueth fire altogether then presently march vp betwene the outmost file of Pikes on the right hand and the inmost file of Shotte then the second file of Shotte as the first doth stand still till the Bodie be marched by and then giue their Volley and then march vp as they first did betweene the outmost file of Pikes and the inmost file of Shotte as aforesaide And thus successiuely euery file of Shotte giueth their Volley that are conteyned in that right Wing which done wheele the whole Bodie about and bring the Left Wing to doe as much as the Right Wing and so Wing after Wing according to pleasure And this manner of casting of Files in Flanke is of excellent vse for the beating of Paces in Woods or Bogges also for the mayntaining of straight and narrow Waies for defence of Bridges and the like and that you may haue a better vnderstanding therein behold the figures following Files cast off in Flanke to the Right

Hand Here you see the File 1. standeth still and hauing giuen their Volley are to retreat betweene the File 4. and the file 3. then the file 2. standeth still and hauing giuen their Volley retreat betweene the file 4. and the file 1. then the file 3. standeth still and hauing giuen their Volley retreate betweene the file 4. and the file 2. and then the whole wing is as it was at the first 1.2.3 now as thus you may cast off the files to both Hands making the file 10. to stand and the Volley giuen to retreate betweene the file 8. and the file 7. then the file 9. to stand and the Volley giuen to retreate betweene the file 7. and the file 10. then the file 8. to stand and the volley giuen to retreat betweene the file 7. and the file 9. So then the body is brought againe to his first forme 8.9.10 Now for the casting of Files in Wing you must draw foorth the File 1. on the right hand and the file 10. on the left hand in the manner of Wings and hauing giuen their Volley shall stand still till the reare bee aduanced and then the file 1. shall retreat betweene the file 4. and the file 3. and the file 10. shall retreat between the file 7. and the file 8. as in the former example and so the rest of the files one after another this example appeareth Files cast off in Wings Lastly there are Files cast off before the Front of the Battalia after this manner Files cast off before the Front Here as you see the file 1. to the right Hand is drawne before the Front who as soone as they haue giuen fire shall turne their faces to the right hand and following the Bringer vp shall make retreate betweene the files 4 and 3. and there couer themselues till they haue made ready againe Then shal be drawn forth before the Front the file 10 to the left Hand who after they haue giuen fire shall turne faces to the left Hand and retreat betweene the files 8. and 7. then shall bee drawne out the file 2. to the right Hand which hauing giuen fire turne faces as before to the right Hand and then retreate betweene the files 4 and 1. Likewise in the same manner the file 9 is drawne out to the left Hand and hauing giuen fire turne their faces and retreate between the files 7 and 10. and thus successiuely one after another you shall drawe foorth euery file of Shot first on the right Hand then on the left till the seruice be accomplished and thus much of the casting off the files There is yet an other Motion of the foote which is worthy obseruation and that is opening and closing of Rankes and Files wherein is to be noted as I haue shewed in the Accidence that Rankes when they open to any Order whatsoeuer ought for the most part to open downeward by turning Face about and descending till they come to the distance commanded and then to turne Faces as they were but when they close to any Order it must euer be done vpward towards the Front 〈◊〉 Files when they open or close must euermore doe it to the right or left Hand or to both in this manner If you giue the word of Command plainely and barely without any implication or addition thus Open your File to Open Order c. or to any other Order then shall the two Middle Men to the two Flankes standing in the middest of the Front open the one from the other according to the distance appointed and their whole Files shall follow them in an euen line then the rest of the File-leader shall open from these Middle men one halfe to the right hand the other to the left till the whole Battalia bee opened according to Commandment as you may see by this example Files opened from the Middle-men And as thus you open if the Word be giuen in one and the selfe same manner so likewise you must close your Files the Middleman first ioyning with their Files then after all the rest of the File-leaders with their files to both hands till the Commandment be fulfilled But if the Word of Command bee giuen Files to the right hand open to open Order c. or to any Order else then shall the right Hand File-leader with his file and so successiuely euery other File-leader with their files shall open after the Right Hand Man till the Command be perfited and as thus you open so you must also close and as you open or close to the right Hand so you must open or close to the left Hand when the Word of Command is giuen to that purpose Diuerse other Motions there be belonging to the Foote Companies as the turning of Faces to either Hand or about the forme whereof is express almost in euery figure before shewed Also the Charging to any Hand to the Front to the Reare or to all at an instant of which I shall haue cause to speake more amply in anoother place Therefore at this time these already expressed shall serue for the Motions of the Foote Company CHAP. 3. Of the seuerall Motions which belong vnto Horse Or Horse Troopes THe Motions of Horse are diuers according to the opinion of the Auntients and to these Moderne times also as you may perceiue by my Accidence wherein I haue set you downe the seuerall words of command belonging to euery Motion of Horse now in vse all which are so neere a kinne to the Foote Motions that I hold it needelesse to repeate them ouer heere againe but referre those which desire to learne those generall Motions to the Accidence and to those Motions of Foote which are already specified and set downe in this Grammer I will now proceed to those other Motions and Imbattaylings of Horse which being more difficult and strange doth more amase the minde of the industrious Learner and are harder attayned vnto by Discourse without some playner Demonstration First therefore the generall Motions of Horse at this day wherein the Launce the Light Staffe and the Snort Pistoll are taken away and onely the Long Pistoll and Dragoone in vse are conteyned in Trooping Discouering Charging Wheeling and Retyring and all these are done eyther by whole Bodies by Parts or Deuisions by many files few files or single files And herein you are to call to minde as I haue shewed in the Accidence that as the Rankes of Horse are compounded of vncertaine Numbers so the file must euer be constantly sixe Deepe being compounded of a Leader a Follower two Middlemen a Follower and a Bringer vp or the Reare Man according to this demonstration 0 Leader 1 Follower 0 Middle Man 0 Middle Man 1 Follower 0 Bringer vp Thus you see the Contents and forme of a Horse file from which certainty and true knowne Ground euery skilfull Commander may builde vp any Bodie that he pleaseth whereas if both Ranke and Fyle should be

Reare and the Chiefe or Leader thereof is called the Liuetenant Generall Two Reares being 32000. Men is called the Maine Battaile and the Cheife or Leader thereof is called the King or Generall who hath also supreame Authoritie ouer all the whole Armie how great or puissant soeuer Thus you haue seene the true Range of Footemen and their Leaders according to their Numbers It now resteth that I shew you the true Range of their Weapons In the Auntient Times the Light Armed which were Bowmen Darters and Slingers had the Vantguard and were the first beginners of Fight and Skyrmish for by their Darts and Arrowes they prouoked the Enemie to breake their Rankes and ouerthrew and killed many in their approaches they galled and repulsed the Horse much and indeede were euer the first Authors of Victorie and as thus they sometimes placed them in the Front so at other times they had their places in the Flankes and sometimes in the Reare But the generall and most certaine Range which they held was euer betwene the Armed Pikes The first file of the Light Armed behinde the first file of the Armed the second file of the Light Armed behind the second file of the Armed and so consequently to leuie all the Armed Menne through the whole Batttalia yet the file of the Light Armed shall be but halfe the number of the Armed and these Battailes shall be drawne into diuers Deuisions But this Range of Weapons agreeth not without Discipline at this day for our Battailes consisting only of armed Pikes Muskatiers and a fewe short weapons they are raunged in this manner when they march into the Field they march Company after Company single of themselues without any mixture and in this march of single Companies the Muskatiers are deuided into two parts the one part hath the Vanguard the other hath the Reare and the Pikes march in the midst vpon the head whereof is the Ensigne and about it the short weapons as Halberd Partizans or the like if the Company haue any when they are come into the Field then is euery Regiment drawn vp into a Body by it selfe whereof all the Pikes are drawne into an entire body by themselues and the Shott deuided into two Bodies whereof one halfe Wingeth vp the right Hand of the Pikes and the other halfe wingeth vp the left hand of the Pikes The Ensignes stand still on the head or within a Ranke and the short weapons of execution about them for guard These Regiments are drawne into the Battaile according to the pleasure of the Lord Marshall or Serieant Maior Generall The Horsemen are the Wings which troope on each side of the Battaile keeping the distance of halfe a Furlong at least from either side of the Shot The great Ordance or Artilery are drawne from the two outmost poynts of the Battaile a pretty distance from the Vantguard and extend themselues wider and and wider frō the Battaile being drawe at length in a single File their Carriage prouision and Munision being drawn neere vnto them and the Regiment belonging to the Master of the Ordnance following closse about them as a sure Defence wall or guard And thus you haue the full Range of the Foote Battaile and how it is disposed CHAP. 5. Of the seuerall Ranges of the Horse and how they are Ordered and Compounded THe Horse-Troopes in the Ancient and first times had no one certaine Range or place in the Battaile but according to the humors and opinions of their Generals so they were altered and carried vp and downe to seueral places of Commandment Aelian saith that in some Battailes within his own memorie and knowledge the Horse Troopes were Ranged after the light Armed yet doth not constantly stand vpon the allowance of that Range but saith that although they were ranged after the Light-armed yet other places might be more conuenient and this range might be altered at the pleasure of the General or vpon any necessary occasion where Victories stood doubtfull others of the Ancients as at sometimes the Macedonians now and then the Romans but many times the Thebans Thessalians haue ranged their Troops of Horse in the Reare of the armed Battailes and good successe hath many times issued thereof the Rangers of such Battailes haue returned Victors Others of the Auntients and especially Alexander himselfe Craterus and most of the worthiest Macedonians haue ranged their Horse Battailes vpon the right and left Winges of the maine Armie and indeed these Places are most probable and best agreeing with our present Discipline To come then to the Range of the Horse Battaile as it is vsed at this day you must vnderstand that it varyeth foure seuerall waies two in the Range of the Curaseires two in the Range of the Harquebuseires or Dragoones The Curaseires haue two seuerall Ranges the one in ordinary trooping the other in a formed Battaile In an ordinary Troope where the whole Battaile mooueth the first day the Troope and Regiment belonging to the Generall troopeth formost and hath the leading of the Poynt After him troopeth the Troope and Regiment of the Lord Marshall and after him euery Colonell and his Regiment according to his Antiquitie The next day the Lord Marshall and his Regiment hath the leading of the Poynt or Vauntguard and the Generall hath the Reare the Eldest Colonell succeedeth the Lord Marshall and so the rest of the Colonells and their Regiments after him according to Antiquitie The third day the Eldest Colonell hath the Poynt or Vantguard and the Lord Marshall hath the Reare after the Generall and thus alternately euery Colonell shall change his Place haue the leading of the Poynt or Vauntguard according to the seuerall daies of trooping there being no intermission or stay of many daies betweene the seuerall remooues And as thus the Chiefe and Superior Cōmanders doe remooue and alter their Places so shall the Inferior Commanders of euerie Regiment doe the like the Colonell hauing the principall place the first day the Liuetenant Colonell the second day the Sergeant Maior the third day and so euery Captaine after according to his Antiquitie in which order no Commander looseth Dignitie but hath his seuerall day of Glory and as much preheminence as the Generall or any other Commander whatsoeuer Now if it come to a formed Battaile then the Ranges change and the Regiments are drawne vp into one whole and entire Bodie in which drawing vp of Regiments this order is to be obserued that euery perticular Troope shall duely keepe their two distances that is to say Open Order in their Rankes and Close Order in their Files then betwixt Company and Company in euery Regiment shall be the space of 25. foote that thereby they may be the better distinguished and the sooner drawne foorth and imployed in any needefull place as the Superior Commanders shall thinke good This Order and Distance being obserued Regiments are to be brought into maine Bodies eyther Square Long Tryangular or Dyamond according to the

they haue both for Armies and Battalias as that which they call Diphalange Peristomus Diphalange Homoiostoneus Diphalange Heterostomus the Rhombe the Heteromekes the Epicampios Emprosthia the Cyrte the Tetragonall Ploesium and diuers others of which I shall haue occasion to write hereafter For this present and for the generallity of Motion these already shewed and expounded are sufficient Of all which you shall in the ensuing Chapters as particulars shall arise receiue both full Demonstrations and Examples whereby the dullest vnderstanding shall be enabled to conceiue and carry away those Mysteries of Art and Science which hetherto haue layne hidden and obscured Nor haue I any intention in this Worke so to tye and conforme my selfe to the Auncients eyther Gretians or Romans that thereby knitting my selfe to their Words and Phrases I might bring a cloude of darkenesse ouer my Labours which I haue only dedicated to Trueth and Plainenesse But I doe freely intend to set downe euery thing in those plaine moderne and vsuall formes of Direction as may be auaileable for the simplest capacity and profitable for all those that haue bound themselues Prentises to this Noble Art and glorious Aduancement CHAP. 2. Of the Particular Motions belonging to the Foote onely ALL manner of Marches and Motions whatsoeuer belonging to a Foote Company as I haue touched before in my Accidence must of necessity be eyther in Distance or Forme eyther of these must be eyther in Fyles or Rankes seuerally and of themselues or else ioyntly both together Of Fyles and Rankes what they are what their extents ought to be what effects vertues and vses are wrought by them I haue sufficiently shewed in my Accidence Only because there is a little difference betwixt vs and the Auncients and betwixt the Schollers of these Moderne times and the Schollers of the Elder World I will as neere as I can reconcile them or at least bring them to shake hands and agree together The first Receiuers of Millitarie Discipline and those which are at this day their Schollers and profest Imitators would haue a File to consist of Sixeteene Men in depth successiuely one after an other Others would haue it consist of Eight And others which are our latest and best approued would haue them consist of Ten. The reason why the first would haue it consist of sixteene is because it is an euen and proportionable number which may bee doubled to the last man as from sixteene to eight from eight to foure from foure to two from two to one and so backe againe reduced to the first forme or Station This I confesse beares a faire shew of much probability and was doubtlesse in the first Age of singular vse and benefit both for the forming and proportioning of Battailes as also for the readinesse of Marching and the mixing or ioyning of many Grosses or great Bodies in one square Round or Triangular fashion But it is to be vnderstood that in these former dayes there was no vse or knowledge of Shot because the inuention of Fire lay then vnknowne their Darts Slings Crosse-bowes Long-bowes and the like which passed vnder the Light-armed held then no method or prescript forme in giuing their Volleis but deliuered them one ouer anothers head without danger so that the deeper the File was the greater the Volley was and the Enemy the more indangered besides the drawing and nocking of the Arrow the Lading of the Sling the bending of the Crosse-bow and the charging of the Dart are Motions so soddaine so quicke and so secure that there is no necessity of alteration of place for in as much as not any of these Volleis are deliuered vpon the Leuell but vpon necessity on the Mounture therefore the forestanders or leaders of Files and their followers are not indangered by the Reare so that in this case the deeper the File is the more hands are brought to fight and the victory the sooner obtained But with vs now in these moderne and latter times wherein the Inuention of Shott and Powder is founde out and the danger Sodainnesse and Violence of the Fire is knowne in so much that it is euer deliuered in Leuell seldome or neuer at Random for that is vselesse and to no constant purpose In this case there is great respect to be had to the alteration and change of place for as I haue sayd before to deliuer Short one behinde another and that also in Leuell is for the hindmost to Kill the formost if they Shoot in Leuell as they ought or otherwise Shooting at Randome to spende their Bulletts to no purpose and leaue the Enemie vnauoided Therefore in this true and certayne Discipline Fier is onlye to be giuen in the Front and so by succession of Ranks one Volley after another euery hand is in his due time and place brought to Fight and the Volley hath no intermission or respeit Now it is to bee considered in what space of time a man may Charge and Discharge his Peece mouing from the Front to the Reare and so Assending vp to the Front againe and it is found by the experience of all well Iudging Souldiers that the depth of Tenn men is the absolute best Number For the first man Discharging in the Front in the space that nine more shall come and doe the like The first shall make his place good againe so continnue the Volley ad infinitum Now there are some which strongly hold opinion that Eight in depth of File shall doe as much as ten and with as litle Difficultie make readie and Present which no question may be possible in expert old and readie Soldiers and so a competent and sufficient File But in raw Ignorant and half exercised men it cannot be so Neither can it be hoped that dutie shall so sudainly be performed And if there be losse of dutie in one man there will be losse of duty in more and so the Volley will be weakned the Battalia put in danger To add a man and make the File nine is no good Extent because that odd Number comming to be doubled there will be a weaknesse either in the Front or in the Reare And that wekenesse may ouerthrow the whole Battalia So that for a conclusion of this point I cannot but disallowe Sixteene in File as being to great a Number in which no lesse then Six men are lost in euery File so oft as they shall Sallie vp or make their aproaches eight I feare is two men to litle the Skill and Dexteritie of the Souldiers being doubtfull and Nine for the odds may not be admitted So that it resteth that Tenn men in File is the olde cettaine and alowable Number I doe not denie but that in Exercising of the Souldiers the Number Eight is very alowable and will bring them to a great quicknesse and readinesse but when they shall be brought to to fight and mixe with other Regiments Then you are to obserue the generall forme

their first forme or body againe the Word As you were being giuen euery mouing file that did Aduance shall turne Faces about and so march back to their first places and as thus you aduance eyther to the Right or Left hand at one instant So you may also at one instant aduance both to the Right and Left hand by deuision making the second file aduance before the first the fourth before the third the seuenth before the eight the fyfth before the sixth And as thus in aduancing so also in doubling of files as you double to the Right or Left hand so you may double to both the Right and Left hand at one instant by deuision the second file passing behind the first the fourth behind the third then the seuenth behind the eight and the fifth behind the sixth Now here by the way there may a scruple arise that for as much as numbers may vary and that all bodies hold not one euen or iust content or Number that then in case there be an odd file how then shall the bodie be doubled To this I answere that if you happen to haue an odde file then looke to what hand you double vnto then the outmost file to the contrary hand shall stand and keepe his place firme without doubling at all as if you double to the Right hand then the Left hand file stands fast and vndoubled or if you double to the Left hand then the Right hand file stands fast and vndoubled as by these examples plainely apeareth The odde Battalia Vudoubled The odde Battalia Doubled Thus you see how the odde Fyle standeth and is still preserued in euery Motion being still kept in its order both by the Leader and the Side-man and when so euer the Bodie is reduced into its first forme or Station then is it full and perfit as any other file what so euer The next necessary Motiō vnto the doublings and aduancing of files is the Countermarching of files which is also another Motion in forme And of Countermarching there are diuers kindes as first the ordinary Countermarch which is daily vsed amongst vs when so euer we march or turne the bodie of the Battalta too or fro and this Countermarch is called of some The Persian Countermarch because it was first in vse amongst them others call it the Cretan as taken from the Immitation of those Souldiers others call it the Choraean from Chorus which signifieth a Companie of which Companie there were certaine Dancers who in a Warlike Dance were the first beginners of this Motion This Motion is performed of the whole Battalia all at one instant the Leaders of the Fyles vpon the word giuen to which hand they shall Countermarch beginning the motion as thus If the Word be giuen to Countermarch to the Right hand then shall the Leaders of the Fyles at one instant steppe one steppe forward with the Right foote then bringing the Left foote and the Bodie round about to the Right hand and so march downe through the distance betweene the Fyles till they come to the Reare where the Bringer-vp stood and there they shall make a Stand And in this Motion euery Leader shall obserue his Right hand Man that they may keepe their Front whole and vndismembred because the least disorder in this Motion is the ouerthrow disgrace of the whole Bodie and as these Leaders begin and conduct in this orderly manner so shall all the rest of euery File obseruing true Place and Distance follow with as great care and seuerity euery Man obseruing his Leader and his Right hand Man and that by no meanes they offer to turne till they haue made good the first place where the Fyle Leaders did turne and so keeping their Rankes euen and iust the Motion will be exceeding comely as by this Example apeareth A Battaila in Countermarch to the Right Hand The Battalia after the Counter march Now as they doe thus Countermarch to the Reare so they may if the Commander please countermarch backe to the Front againe without intermission and so as oft and as farre as the Commander pleaseth Now in this Countermarch it would bee obserued that the Files should euer be well opened as at the open Order of sixe foote at the least as for the Ranks they may be either at Order or close Order vnlesse they consist of Shot and then they may not march straighter then the Order of three foot because otherwise it will incumber them and take from them the vse of their Weapons and as thus the Countermarch is made to the right or left Hand entirely so it may bee made both to the right and left Hand by diuision as hath beene shewed before in other motions And this Countermarch is of singular vse for it chargeth the Enemy standing it chargeth him Marching and it chargeth him retyring besides it bringeth euery hand to fight and suffereth none to loose duty The next Countermarch is that which is called the Lacedemonians Countermarch as being first receiued from their example and it is of singular vse in charging of the enemie in making of approaches and in gaining of ground of aduantage and though at first the Ancients found it out for their light Armed which were their Slings Darts Crosse-bowes and Long-bowes Yet now with vs it is found of most excellent vse for our Shot and not vnnecessary for the Pikes and other short Weapons for execution because it bringeth forward euery hand in the Charge and suffereth none to loose duty neither doe they at any time stand or slacke in their Charge but still aduance and goe forward till they haue attained the ende of their purpose The manner of this Nation is thus the first Ranke or Leaders of the Files of Shot doe present and giue fire then stand and the second Ranke passing either to the right or left Hand according to commandement aduance before the first Ranke couering them both in order and distance then the third Ranke aduanceth and couereth the second the fourth the third and so foorth in an orderly charge till the Bringer vp or Reare be brought and made the Front and so as occasion shall serue to continue still till the ende of Commandment Now for the Pikes or short Weapons they shall not need to aduance one Ranke before another but shall keepe their constant March with their Pykes aduanced ported or shouldered euen still with the first Ranke of Shot till they come to encounter and charge the Enemy and then at pleasure and as occasion shall serue they may couer one another and bring euery seuerall hand to the pushe till the last be first and the first last as by this Example doth plainely appeare The Battalia before the Countermarch The Countermarch performed There be others which would haue this Lacedemonian Countermarch in an other maner which is for the first Ranke to Face to the Reare then the second Ranke and so all the rest of the Body to march