the Surgeon Major of the Regiment He ought to make Provision of Medicaments proper to stop Bleeding hinder Inflammation and ease Pains There is no Company but hath one or two Drummers and a Drum-Major over all who hath the care of instructing the rest and guarding the Enemies Drummers that come into the Camp He can with his Baton punish those that fail in their duty and goes Evening and Morning to the Major to receive his Orders The Drummers duty is to beat all Points as the General the Call or Gathering the Dernier the March the Allarm the Parly the Answer to Parleys the Reveilly the Tattoe and the Bans. The Soldier ought to be stout strong a good Husband and obedient to all his Officers from the Captain to the Lanspassades He should study to keep himself neat to make his Arms bright and clean to know how to use them the Soldier 's duties the motions of his Company its March to lodge himlelf in the Field keep his Guard and Sentinel-Post to understand the Beat of Drum and to be diligent to come to his Colours His eating and sleep should be regulated according to his leisure and not his pleasure CHAP. XVI Of the way of forming a Battalion WHen a Colonel on any occasion would have his Regiment to be in Arms he sends his Major to the place of Rendezvous to draw up the Companies as fast as they arrive there who puts first the Colonel's Company in Battalia six men deep distant three large paces from one another and places the Pikes on the left hand of the Musketteers The other Companies draw up according to the first All being posted the Major commands silence and orders fix Serjeants to mark the half Ranks that he may make the Pikes enter into the Centre of the Musketteers by this word of Command The way of forming a Battalion Page 51 in the Second Part. The Explication of the present Figure THis Figure represents a Battalion of sixteen Companies with the Officers at their Posts A The Colonel B The Lieutenant-Colonel aaa c. The Captains bb The Lieutenants CC The Lieutenants-Reformed and Ensigns DD The Serjeants EE The Drummers on the Flanks F The Major G The Aid Major ooo The Musketteers III The Pikes Soldiers take heed to form the Battalion To the Right and Left Musketteers and Pikes Form the Battalion March The Musketteers of the Colonel's Company stand still the right hand half Rank of Pikes turn to the Left the Musketteers to the Right the left hand half rank of Pikes turn to the Right the Musketteers to the Left and march both together through the Intervals of the Ranks till the Pikes come to the Centre of the Battalion separated from the Musketteers and the Musketteers on the Right and Left separated from the Pikes When they have performed that Motion the Major reduces them as they were by this word of Command As ye were They that turned to the Left turn to the Right they that turned to the Right to the Left and by this means every one faces the Major and so the Battalion is formed This is a far shorter way than that which was in use not long ago CHAP. XVII Of Exercising WHen the Regiment is in Battalia if the Colonel intend to see them exercise he gives notice to the Major who makes them open their Files one pace giving thereby the Soldiers the liberty of the arm to handle their Arms. This is the word of Command he gives Soldiers take heed to open your Files The right hand File stands still Open your Files to the left a paces distance March All the Soldiers turn to the Lest the lest hand File begins to march and the others move not from their places until they see those that go before them at a paces distance The Soldiers in marching are to have care to keep in a straight line by their Right hand-man and File-leader When the Major perceives that the Files are sufficiently opened he says to them Halt As you were Even your Ranks and straighten your Files All things thus disposed the Major gives the word of Command to the Serjeants Serjeants take beed To the Right and Left by half Ranks form Files upon the Flanks of the Battalion March Then he gives this word of Command to the Officers who are at the head of the Battalion Gentlenten Officers we are going to Exercise To the Right and Left take your Post on the Flanks of the Battalion March The words of Command in Exercising Soldiers take heed Silence Carry your Arms well The Soldiers are to have a care to make no motion until the word of Command be given and ended to the end that the handling of Arms and the motions may be done at the same time Joyn the Right hand to the Musket â—oise your Musket Joyn the left hand to your Musket Take your Match Blow your Match Cock your Match Try your Match Cover your Pan with your two fore singers Open your Pan. Present Fire Recover your Arms. Take your Match Return it into its place Blow your Pan. Take your Primer Prime Close your Pan. Blow off the loose Corns Cast your Musker about to your swords side Take the Charge Open it with your teeth Put the Powder into the Barrel Draw your scouring Stick Hold up your scouring Stick Shorten it against your breast Put the scouring Stick into the Barrel Ram. Recover your scouring Stick Hold up your scouring Stick Shorten it against your breast Return the scouring Stick into its place Joyn the right hand to your Musket Poise your Musket Shoulder your Musket The Exercise of the Pike Whilst the Pikes are exercising the Musketteers are made to order or rest upon their Arms by this word of Command Rest your selves upon your Arms. Pikes take heed To the Right to the Right to the Right to the Right To the Right about As ye were To the Left to the Left to the Left to the Left To the Left about As ye were Advance your Pike To the Right charge four times Charge to the Right about As ye were Charge to the Left four times Charge to the Left about As ye were Advance your Pike Shoulder your Pike Charge to the Right As ye were Charge to the Left As ye were Charge to the Left about As ye were Comport your Pike Charge As ye were Charge Trail your Pike As ye were Push your Pike three times Advance your Pikes Charge to the Horse Draw your Swords Put up your Swords Advance your Pike Ground your Pike Rest upon your Arms. The Pikes as well as Musketteers ought to have a care when they turn to the Right or Left not to clash their Arms one against another for that clattering is most unpleasant to the ear Take heed all the Battalion Shoulder your Muskets The Pikes at the same time advance their Pikes To the Right four times To the Right about As ye were To the Left four times To the Left about
Store-keepers Gunners and Saltpeter-men who serve as well in the Army as in the Towns Arsenals and publick work-houses of France The great Master receives orders from no Officer but the General and gives them out in his Park The Bells of the Towns that are taken by Assault or Composition belong to the Artillery and the great Master sends Officers to make inventory of what is found in the Magazines Of the Lieutenant Generals The Lieutenat Generals Command the Artillery and its Officers in absence of the great Master The duty of their charge is to go view the ground for the Batteries to mark them out cause them be raised with all diligence and put in condition of Battering the place and Enemies they have the care of causing to be brought into the Trenches all the Arms and Instruments that may be needful and there to appoint Officers to distribute and deliver them out Of Commissaries Every Piece in a Battery hath its Commissary and Officers to serve it a Commissary must be bold skilful and experienced because he it is that levels the Piece by means of the Viser and Wedges which he causes to be raised or lower'd as much as he thinks convenient according as he knows how the Pieces carry and what their burden is When a Cannon is fired the Commissary is to observe if the Bullet works the effect that he desires to the end he may retain or change the manner of levelling it Of Gunners Every Piece in a Battery ought to have its Gunner as well as Commissary the duty of the Gunner is so soon as the Piece hath fired to cool it with a Sponge dipped in Vinegar or Urine without losing of time to put in the Powder Wad and Shot Two of those that serve the Gun take care to place the Piece again into his place the Commissary levels it and gives order to fire A Gunner who understands his Trade well has special care not to put the Powder into a Piece that has just fired until he hath first cooled it because of the heat that remains long in the Metal Every Piece ought to have its men to serve it its Store of Powder and Bullets of size with a provision of Hay for Wads but in such a place as no sparks can flie to The Instruments necessary to a Cannon are the Sponges to cool it the Cartridges wherein the Powder for charging is put the Rammer which serves to Ram it and the Wedges for levelling Of Miners and Fire-work-men Miners and Fire-work-men are also members of the Artillery the former are commanded by a Captain of Miners and serve to Undermine Walls dig holes which the French call Fourneaux under the Lodgings and Mines for blowing up the Bastions and Works of a place The employment of the others is to throw Bombes and to make all sorts of Artificial Fire to be cast into the place that is Attacked or from the walls of that which is defended CHAP. XVIII Of the March of an Army IT is the Generals prudence to order the March of his Army according to the commodiousness of the Country and the knowledge he hath of the Enemies Forces A great Army marches commonly in three great bodies the Artillery and Baggage in the middle but the Country must not be traversed with Marishes or Rivulets and there must be an easy communication between one body and another If the Enemy be on the right hand and the left covered by a River the Equipage should march on the side of the River and the Army in a body or two on the side of the Enemy having alwayes Detachments of Horse or Dragoons in the Van-guard and on the Wings When an Army hath long narrow passages of Woods or Mountains to pass through the General sends of immediately some Regiments of Foot and lines his Squadrons with Battallions leaving Foot in the Woods or on the heights to facilitate the passage of the Artillery and Equipage and as his Troops get through he draws them up in Battel array and keeps them so until all the Army have passed the Pass When an Army Marches in a Country where there is no fear of any powerful Army and where the General would have them live more at their ease he divides them into several Bodies which he sends by several wayes under the Command of General persons appointing to all of them a general Rendezvous The Army in a March is divided into the Van-guard the body of the Battel and the Reer-guard the Van and Reer-guards are Commanded by Lieutenant Generals and Mareschals de Camp the General abides commonly in the body of the Army from whence he sends his Orders to all places where there is need of them by his Aides de Camp or Adâ—utants or by his Majors of Brigads The Cavalry is divided into two Bodies and the Infantry march in the middle betwixt them the first Brigades have the Van-guard and Reer-guard by turns that is that they who have the Van-guard to day have â—he Reer-guard to morrow that is lone by making the Army File off one day to the right and the other to â—he left CHAP. XIX Of Encamping The way of Encamping Horse first Line Foot Horse Second Line Park of Artllerie Park of the Provisions Kings Quarters The Huts of the Quarter Masters and Serjeants are alwayes at the head of the Troopers and Souldiers and the Officers Tents behind The Camp of the first Brigade of the Army is on the right hand of the first line that of the second on the left the third is posted on the right of the second line the fourth on the left and the rest in the Center according to their seniority this is observed among the Horse as well as Foot The Dragoons are never Encamped in the Body of the Army but have their Camp at the Head or on the Wings in that side where the greatest danger is serving alwayes as an out-Guard for the Army Every Regiment ought to have a Guard at the head of their Camp and the Mareschal de Camp for the day takes care to place the great Guard half a League beyond the Army towards the Enemy chusing for that effect a place where all the Avenues may be discovered there it continues during the day and at night draws off near the Army at the head of the Foot When an Army Encamps near the Enemy and there is no River to divide them the General Entrenches his Camp and makes his men pass the night in Arms. Page 53. 1. st part The way of Encamping Lines of Circomvallation Lines of Contravallation The Trenches The River Artillerie Bridg The Kings Quarters Guard CHAP. XX. Of Sieges and Attaques WHen a General intends to Besiege a place he causes it first to be invested by a Body of Horse under the Command of a Lieutenant General and a Mareschal de Camp to hinder all succours from entering it whilest he himself is expected with the rest of the Army The manner of Encamping
Arms where he draws it up in Battalia He establishes a Court of Guard to hinder disorders in the Night time he causes the Colours to be conveyed to the Commanders Quarters and sets a Sentinel at his door he orders next the Serjeants to come and receive the Word at a certain hour in the Evening and the Drummers to beat the Tattoe he sends off a Serjeant to guard the Magazin where Provisions are distributed and having provided every thing he sends the Companies to the Quarters allotted them The Commander every Evening gives the Major Orders for the next day's March. CHAP. XI Of a Council of War THe Council of War of the Army meets always at the General 's Lodgings or Tent and none are called to it but the Lieutenant-Generals the Marshals de Camp the Brigadeers and sometimes the Colonels or the Commanders of Bodies when the matters concern their Regiments Private Councils of War are held at the Governours Quarters in a place of Garrison in a Camp at the Colonel of the Regiment his Tent who gives notice to the Captains to be present When all are met the Governour or Colonel or he that Commands takes his place at the head of the Table the Captains sit about according to their Seniority that is to say the first Captain on the right hand of him that presides the second on the left and so of the rest and the Major who discharges the Office of the King's Proctor or Soliciter sits at the lower end of the Table The Lieutenants Sub-Lieutenants and Ensigns have right to enter into the Chamber where the Council is held but they stand at the Captains backs with their hats off and have no Vote If the Council be called to deliberate on some matter of consequence the President having opened it to the assembly asks their Opinions The youngest Captain begins and gives his and the rest in Order till it come to the President who pronounces last The Clark having set down the opinions of every one draws up the result conform to the pluralitie of Votes which he gives to be signed by the President and Captains If the Council be held to Judge a Criminal the Officers that are called to it should come fasting and having first heard Mass if they can Every one having taken his place and the Clark having read the Informations Reexamination Confrontation and Interrogatory The President causes the Criminal to be brought unto the Council where he makes him sit down on the Footstool questions him about all the Facts whereof he is accused and sends him back to Prison Then the Clark reads over the conclusions of the Major and every one Judges according to his Conscience and the Ordinances of the King The Sentence is framed conform to the plurality of Votes and is pronounced to the Criminal in the name of the Council of War When the Criminal is condemued to any Punishment the Provost Marshal causes the Sentence to be put in Execution and the Major calls together the Companies to be Present thereat Before a Soldier be delivered to the Executioner to be punished for any Crime that carries infamy with it he ought to be publickly degraded from his Arms by the Major The Council of War should never consist of fewer than seven Officers When there are not Captains enough to make up that number the Inferiour Officers are called even to the Serjeants The Charges of the Troops of the King's Houshold The Guards du Corps THe King hath four Troops of Horse-Guards commanded by four Captains who Quarterly serve and wait on his Majesty's Person There is in every Troop two Lieutenants two Ensigns and twelve Exempts One Major and two Aid Majors for all the four The Troops of the Guards du Corps are The Troop of the Duke of Noailles The Count Dayen his Son has the Reversion of it The Troop of the Marshal de Duras The Troop of the Marshal de Luxembourg The Troop of the Marshal de Lorge The Gendarms The Troops of Gendarms have for their Captains the King the Queen and the Princes whose name they bear one Captain Lieutenant one Sub-Lieutenant an Ensign a Guidon and two Quarter-Masters The Troops of the Gendarms are The King's Troop of Gendarms commanded by the Prince of Sowbise The Troop of the Scottish Gendarms commanded by the Marquess of Livourne The Queen's Troop of Gendarms commanded by the Marqness du Garo The Dolphin's Troop of Gendarms commanded by the Marquess de la Trousse The Troop of the Gendarms of Anjou commanded by the Marquess of Genlis Marshal de Camp The Troop of the Gendarms of Burgundy commanded by the Count of Broglia The Troop of the English Gendarms commanded by The Troop of the Gendarms of Flanders commanded by the Count of Marsin The Troop of the Gendarms of Monsieur commanded by the Marquess de la Roque The Light Horse-men The Troops of the Light Horsemen have for their Captains the King the Queen and the Princes whose name they bear a Captain-Lieutenant a Sub-Lieutenant a Cornet and two Quarter-Masters The Troops of the King's Light-Horse-men are The Troop of Light Horse-men of the King's Guard commanded by the Duke of Chevreuse The Queen's Troop of Light Horse-men commanded by Monsieur The Dolphin's Troop of Light Horse-men commanded by the Count of Mirainville The Troop of the Light Horsemen of Monsieur commanded by the Marquess of Valsemay The Musketteers The two Troops of Musketteers who fight sometimes on Foot and sometimes on Horse have the King for Captain a Captain-Lieutenant for each Company a Sub Lieutenant an Ensign a Cornet and six Quarter-Masters The Troops of Musketteers are The Troop of Gray Musketteers commanded by the Chevalier de Fourbin The Troop of Black Musketteers commanded by Monsieur de Louvel The Charges of the Light Horsemen THe Colonel General the Count of Auvergne The Master de Camp-General the Marquess de Renel The Commissary-General Monsieur de la Cordonniere and two Quarter Masters Every Regiment hath its Master de Camp a Major and an Aid-Major and every Troop hath its Captain a Lieutenant a Cornet and a Quarter-Master The Regiments which pass for Strangers have Lieutenant-Colonels The chief Regiments of Horse are The Colonel's Regiment The Master de Camp 's Regiment The Commissary's Regiment The King's Regiment of Cuirassiers The King's Regiment The Royal Regiment The Queen's Regiment The King's Regiment of Cravates The Royal Regiment of Rousillon The Dolphin's Regiment The Regiment of Monsieur the Duke of Orleans The Prince's Regiment The Regiment of Monsieur the Duke The Charges of the Dragoons THe General of the Dragoons the Marquess de Ranes In every Regiment there is a Colonel a Lieutenant-Colonel a Major an Aid-Major and there is no Troop without a Captain a Lieutenant a Sub Lieutenant a Cornet a Quarter-Master and two Serjeants The chief Regiments of Dragoons are The King's Regiment commanded by the Marquess of Tilladet The Royal Regiment commanded by the Marquess of Boufflers The