s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s s L Reare C S 4. sssss sssss sssss D sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss 6 E ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp 7 S ppppp ppppp ppppp D 2 ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp ppppp 8 S 2. sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss sssss 9. E C S. 2. sssss D pppppppppp D sssss S. 1.  sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss   sssss  pppppppppp  sssss  S. 3. sssss  pppppppppp  sssss S. 4. In this precedent Figure you see the divisions of the Company drawne up into an even body or Battalia all the Fell-leaders standing even in Front together making one Ranke CHAP. LXXV How the Officers are to draw both Pikes and Musquets one File sequenting another into a Ring for the better and speedier exercising them in their postures THe Company standing in an even body as the former Figure shewes before the Captaine shall exercise them in grosse as they now stand the easiest readiest and most convenient way is to see every man particularly doe his postures both of Pike and Musquet Wherefore first draw out the body of Pikes from the shot then command the right Wing of shot to face to the left hand and the left Wing of shot to face to the right hand then Marching forwards joyn their Files together so facing as they were makes them stand in an even body That Officer which intends to exercise the Pikes is to draw them into one side of the Field and some other Officer is to take the Musquets and draw them another way a convenient distance apart so that one division may not interrupt the other then either Officers drawing out their Files one following another leading them round into a Ring the Officers standing in the middest every Souldier facing towards him so that hee may see all their actions and likewise they may heare his words of command and observe how hee handles his Armes that they may imitate him and where he sees any one aukeward and ignorant hee is speedily to step to him and to shew him how to demeane himselfe the words of Command and the postures followe in the next Chapter CHAP. LXXVI How an Officer is to demeane himselfe in the Exercising of the Musquetieres and how every Souldier is to observe and imitate him punctually from Posture to Posture THe Officer having disposed his men as before is shewed himselfe standing in the middest of them taking a Musquet in his hand and Bandelieres about him he shall command silence and being presupposed they stand with their Bandiliers on their match betweene their fingers their Musquets shouldred and their Rests in their hands the Officer commands them to 1 Rest your Musquet This Pocture is performed the Musquet being shouldred First by slipping it then bringing about the right hand and grasping the Musquet at the breech and at the same instant drawing in your right heele to your left ankle with a small jutte of the shoulder you raise the Peece and poise it in the right hand being stretcht out with the musquet-Musquet-rest in the left hand likewise stretch'd out then bringing about your left hand and foot you meet the Musquet with your Rest placing it upon the ground aslant from you your Thumbe pressing the side of the Barrell and the Forke of the Rest together your right legge being brought a little forwards standing with a full body towards the mouth of the Peece the But end close to your side above your huckle bone 2 Poise your Musquets This Posture is performed by bringing up the right leg to the ankle of the left the Peece being stayed upon the Rest by the pinching of the Thumbe the right hand at the same motion graspes the Peece at the Breech the middle joynt of the fore-finger plac'd under the Pan the upper joynt next the hand just with the breech-pin the Thumbe upon the inside of the Stocke a little pressing downe the right hand and raising the left with the Rest you receive it and hold it at armes end with the mouth plum upwards the Rest in the left hand with the Arme out-stretch'd the right foot being removed side-wayes at the same instant with the right hand the body will stand full and comely 3 Shoulder your Musquet The Musquet being poised you must bring about your right hand drawing up the heele of your right foot to your left ankle and as your Musquet is ready to touch your left shoulder you must at the same instant bring about your left hand over the But end of the Peece with the Rest in it the ground end of your Rest pointing towards your right thigh joyning the Sear◠of the Peece close to your shoulder Note when you intend to poise it as in the former posture you must turne the point of your Rest inwards towarde your left thigh and withall let the Peece slip a little the Breech will lye fit for the right hand to receive it 4 Take your Rest in your right hand fit for march There needs no great commenting upon this Posture onely when the Musquet is shouldred you are take the Rest into your right hand for to be a stay unto you in your march 5 Take your match betweene the fingers of your right hand This Posture is performed by bringing about your right hand and betweene the fore-finger and thumbe thereof take the Match within an inch of the Cole from betweene the little and third finger of the left hand then holding your right hand out from your body 6. Put your Rest string about your left wrist and carry your Rest in your left hand There needs no great circumstance about this Posture onely you having the Rest in your right hand upon a March you now put on the String upon the left hand holding the Rest in it over the But end of the Musquet by which you are in a readinesse to make present use of it 7 Returne your Match betweene the fingers of the Left hand This Posture is performed having the Match betweene the finger and the Thumbe of the right hand you are to bring your Arme about towards the left hand there placing the Cole end of the Match betweene the middle and third finger thereof the light end to the backe of the hand-ward then taking the other end of the Match and place it in like manner betweene the third and little finger by this meanes it is not troublesome but readie to bee
used upon all occasions 8 Vnshoulder your Musquet This Pcture is performed by turning the point of your Rest outwards towards your left knee and withall letting the Musquet slip a little downe your breast the Breech of the Peece will lye faire for the right hand to take it with a graspe just under the pan with the middle joynt of the fore-finger the uppermost joynt next the hand against the Breech-pin and the thumbe upon the Stocke on the inner side and with a small jutte the left hand with the Rest being taken off from the Stocke the right hand will poize it up standing with a full body the mouth of the Peece right up and armes out-strecht as more plainly in the first Posture is discourc'd of not forgetting to let the foot act with the hand 9 Joyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet The Musquet being poised you are to step forward with your left leg and withall bringing your left hand with your thumbe prest against the inner side of the Forke of your Rest then drawing in your right elbow you gently let the Musquet and the Rest meet the upper side of the Forke plac'd against the out-side of the Stocke the thumbe pressing the lower and the end of the Rest lockt in the inâ—ide of the But end of the Peece it rests in an equall ballance in the left hand 10. Open. 11. Cleere 12. Prime 13. Shut your Pan. The Musquet and Rest being joyned together with your two fore-fingers thrust betweene the Barrell and the tippe of the Pan thrusting them side-wayes makes it open with ease then with the boale of your thumbe prest downe into the Pan and wrung about cleeres it then take your Primer in your right hand and knocking it gently against the side of the Pan untill the concavity of it bee filled then with your fingers shut ti and a little turning the butte end of your Musquet from you give te a jogge or two 14. Cast off your loose cornes The Musquet being primed and the Pan shut you are to turne the butte end from your right side a little distance as the Peece rests upon the Rest then with a shogge or two shake off the superfluous cornes of Powder to prevent taking of fire when you try your Match 15. Blow off your loose cornes 16. And cast about your Musquet to your left side This posture of blowing off the loose cornes is to be performed either the Musquet being rested as I have said before or when the Musquet and the Rest are joyned together for the first you are onely to stoope with your head and with a puffe or two blow them off otherwise you are to bring the Musquet towards your head tilluing the pan somewhat from you and with a sudden strong blast beate them off so that when the Match is tryed it may not indanger the firing Now for the casting about your Musquet after the loose cornes be blowne off it is but slipping backe your left legge and you holding your Musquet and Rest together in your left hand with your right hand you convey the butt end of the Peece on to the left side and in the motion turne the stocke upwards and letting your Rest slip you may easily charge 17. Trayle your Rest. 18. Ballance your Musquet in your left hand This posture is performed after the Musquet is brought about to the left side stepping forward with your right foot and at the same instant you bring about your Musquet and withall your right hand graspes the barrell of the Peece some foote from the mouth untill the Rest bee slipt and trayled and the Peece ballanc'd in the left hand fit for to charge 19. Charge 20. with Powder Bullet This Posture is performed after the Musquet is ballanc'd in your left hand by taking one of the Charges of your Bandelieres in your right hand and pulling the lidde of it off with your teeth then thrusting the mouth of the charge into the bore of the Peece giving it a shogge or two that the Powder may empty into it then giving the Peece another jogge with the butt end of it against the ground to make the Powder sinke to the bottome of the barrell then having your bullet ready in your mouth and taking it in your right hand betweene your forefinger and thumbe setting your right legge forwards towards the mouth of the Peece as you bring your hand to the same letting the bullet drop in with a jogge to sinke it to the Powder or by ramming it downe with the Gunne-sticke 21. Draw forth 22. Shorten your scowring-stick This Posture is performed by drawing forth the Scowring-sticke with the right hand at three even pulls the lower side of your hand towards the upper end of the Musquet the Scowring-sticke being thus produc'd you are to shorten it against your breast your hand slipping downe almost to the lower end of it so that with ease it may bee put into the mouth then thrusting it downe part of the way at the second motion and ramming downe the Powder at the third 23. Put your Scowring-stick into your Musquet This Posture is performed as before is said after the Scowring-sticke is produc'd and shortned the right hand holding it close by the lower end the right foote being set out a pretty step towards the mouth of the Peece is with ease put in and rammed downe 24. Ramme home your charge This is performed after the Scowring-sticke is entred the Bore of the barrell about a handfull then at two motions more you thrust it downe to the Powder or Bullet giving a good jobbe or two downe that the Bullet may bee home to the Powder 25. Withdraw 26. Shorten 27. Returne your scowring sticke This Posture is performed by taking the Scowring-stick in your right hand the upper-side of your hand towards the mouth of the Peece so that all your fingers takes the stick flat about the middle the joynts upon the outside of it and the thumbe upon the inside then making three even distinct pulls in withdrawing it turning your hand so as the small end of the sticke is towards your breast then shortening it against the same you have it fit to returne into the stocke which is to bee done likewise at three even portions 28. Bring forward your Musquet and Rest. This Posture is performed after the Scowring-stick is returned by drawing backe your right foote and bringing your Musquet with your left hand before you so as the barrell of the Peece may be towards your breast the Rest is to trayle after by the string that hangs upon your wrist 29. Poyze your Musquet and recover your Rest. This Posture is performed your right heele being drawne in towards the small of your left foot at the same instant your right hand is to take the Peece below under at the great screw then poyze it upwards setting your Right foot out againe then bringing your Rest forwards with your left hand so farre
as the string will permit you shall easily receive it and so with a full Body stand poysed 30. Ioyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet The Posture is performed after the Musquet is poyzed by drawing in your left heele towards the small of your right foot your left hand holding the Rest close by the forke and your thumbe pressing the end of the forke close you bring it to the Musquet then joyning the Rest to the out-side of the Musquet and locking them fixe together by pressing the lower side of the forke with your thumbe the Peece lyes firme in your left hand in one even ballance your right hand being at freedome and your left legge set out againe 31 Draw forth your Match This posture is performed by drawing in the right heele to the small of the left foot at the same instant bringing your right hand with a kinde of circumference towards your left you are to take the Match betwixt the thumbe and second finger then holding it out towards your right side at the same instant you are to set out your right legge againe your Musquet being held in a due height 32 Blow your Cole Having taken the Match from between the little finger and the third finger of the left hand betwixt the thumbe and second finger of the right hand within an inch of the coale of it then bringing it towards your mouth turning your head towards your right side stooping very little you gently blow it your right legge being let out forwards 33 Cock 34 Fit Your Match Having blowne your Match as aforesayd you are to bring it with a little circumference to the Cocke and are to fit it into the same with your thumbe and finger not screwing it in having before directed the widenesse of the Cocke to the thicknesse of the Match your left legge being set forwards with the knee somewhat bending out 35 Guard your Pan. Having tryed and governed the Match with your thumbe and second finger to the end you may set it higher lower shorter or longer and your left heele being drawn towards the small of your right foot you are gently to lay the two fore fingers of the right hand full upon the Pan to defend the Powder from the sparkles of the Match 36 Blow the ashes from your Cole Having guarded your Pan as aforesayd and your left heele being drawne towards the small of your right foote you are gently to raise the Peece up towards your mouth and without stooping blow off the ashes from your Cole 37 Open your Pan. Having blown off the ashes from the Cole standing in the same posture as aforesayd you are at the same instant handsomely with your middle finger to shove aside the Pan lid and removing your left legge forwards with the knee bending out 38 Present upon your Rest. Your left leg being set out as aforesayd and your right hand having graspt the Musquet with your thumbe in the small of the Stocke and your middle finger plac't against the tricker then having plac'd the Musquet in the Rest the mouth of it being kept at a reasonable height and the lower end of your Rest being set forwards the Butt end of your Peece will be plac'd full upon your right breast then setting your right legge somewhat out side-wayes standing with a full body towards the mouth of your Peeece you shall bee ready to give fire 39 Give fire breast high Having as before is shewed presented well viz holding the Musquet and the Rest in the left hand bearing the right Arme or elbowe somewhat up and turning a little the body to the left side the left knee bowed and the right legge straight and not laying your cheeke to the Stocke before you shall set the Musquet to your breast then taking your ayme breast high without starting or winking you are gently to pull downe the tricker and so give fire with a full body upon the Enemy 40 Dismounte your Musquet joyning your Rest to the outside of your Musquet You having discharged must pull in your right legge a little then thrusting your Musquet a little forwards you shall joyne your Rest to the outside of your Musquet holding it in an even ballance in your left hand not forgetting to hold the mouth up especially if it hath not gone off for feare of hurting any man 41 Vncocke and returne your Match Your right heele being drawne towards the small of your left foote you are to bring about your right hand in a comely manner and with your thumbe and second finger pull the Match out of the Cocke and returne it betweene the two last fingers of the left hand 42 Cleere 43 Shut your Pan. You standing in the same posture as before after you have returned your Match you are with the thumbe of your right hand to run the Pan and cleare it that no sparkles may remaine then with your fore-finger you are to thrust the cover of the Pan close after you have blowne off the sparkles 44 Poize 45 Shoulder your Musquet After you have cleared and shut your Pan you must graspe your Musquet with your right hand close by the britch-pin as in the second Posture is shewed then raising the Musquet with your left hand you poize it up holding the mouth of it right upwards your right arme being stretched out your rest remaining in your left hand likewise extended then drawing your right heele to the small of your left foote at the very instant your right hand brings the Musquet to your left shoulder your left hand with the Rest in it being ready the same moment to embrace it at the butt end the Seare being thrust close to your shoulder then removing your right legge againe to his former station you stand upright with a full body 46 Take the Match betweene the fingers of the right hand To performe this view the posture before described at the figure 5. onely the Match is to bee placed betweene your fingers of your right hand as before it was in the left 47 Take your Rest into your right hand clearing your string from your wrist This is to be performed first by drawing in your right heele to the small of your left foote and withall bringing your right hand to your left you receive the Rest clearing your left wrist from the string 48 Returne your Rest into your left hand the String loose This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 47 in reverse 49 Return your Match into your left hand This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 5. 50 Vnshoulder your Musquet and Poize This is performed as the former Posture is at the Figure 8. 51 Rest your Musquet This is likewise performed as is shewed in the former Posture at the Figure 1. 52 Set the But end of your Musquet upon the ground You are to dismount your Musquet off the Rest then placing the But end of it upon the ground close by the outside
the conductor of them become into the Front of the Pikes then he is to leade them quite crosse the Front of Pikes untill he have attained the further part of the Front to the left which being done they are all to stand present and give fire You must observe withall that he in this firing that was the right hand man of the Ranke and was the Leader of the motion now becomes the left hand man when he gives fire and when they have fired they are to wheele off to the left close by the left flanke of Pikes and so to fall into the Reere of the Musquetiers In the Interim whilst that the Ranke that first fired is wheeling away the second ranke is marching into their places to give fire And in this maner they may maintaine their skirmish so long as they please the Pikes either porting or charging all the while The Musquetiers in their time of their crossing the Front are to couch or stoope under their Pikes that they may be no impediment to them in their charge There is another way of firing by extraduction which is that the Right hand Leader of Musquetiers placeth himselfe before the right File Leader of Pikes the rest all faling beyond him but this is a more imperfect way then the former and not worth the further describing For Reducement you must command your Pikes to stand and your Musquets to double their Front by division But if you want roome to doe it then first double your Files to the contrary hand of that which you doubled your rankes and so having doubled by division as a foresaid they will be reduced as at first Wheele your flankes into the front face to your Leader The firings belonging to a broad fronted battell are of singular use either offensive or defensive The words of direction that produceth this forme is in the Margent and the maner of performing it is thus first cause your Pikes to stand and your Musquetiers to march untill the reere ranke of Musquetiers be advanced a little space before the Front of the Pikes then let the Musquetiers face inwards or in opposition and close their division and then face to their Leaders And if you would bring more hands to fight double rankes to any hand But the speediest way to produce thus forme is to wheele both flankes into the Front For the manner of firing there are Intervalls made for each division to the right that so they may either fall into the reere of the shot and there continue the firing or else fall into the reere of the Pikes and be thereby secured from the enemies horse Wherefore be pleased to observe the words of Command whereby this forme is produced which is placed in the Margent For the performance of this firing the first ranke is to present and give fire then wheele off to the right all passing downe the Intervalls to the right and placing themselves in the reere of their owne shot the Musquetiers making good their Leaders ground Likewise after the next rankes have fired they are after the former Manner to wheele off and to place themselves This way they may give fire once or twise over and then make use of a second way And that is to place themselves in the reere of the Pikes either standing or advancing Or if neede be the Pikes may close their divisions and charge at the foote the Musquetiers giving fire over them For Reducement If you make this forme of battell by wheeling your flankes into the front and there having given fire as foresaid Then you must cause them to give fire over againe and so fall into their former places for you must observe that the second firing will cause the body to face to the Reere which then becomes a Front accidentall and then by wheeling your Flankes into the Front againe and facing them about to the right will bring them into their first station or if you would reduce them without giving of fire over againe then you must Command your shot to double their Front by division that being done you are to wheele both Flankes into the Reare then facing to their Leaders you must againe Command the Musquetiers to double their Front by division and they will be in their first forme and station CHAP. XC How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in giving fire to the Reere with the severall wayes there to belonging and how they ought to be performed HAving in the former discourse shewed the diverse and sundry wayes of giving fire in the Front It seemes now requisit I should doe the same Office in demonstrating the severall wayes of giving fire in the Reere Wherefore after the Commander hath taught his Souldiers these wayes or at least the chiefest of them in giving fire in the Front he must performe the like paines in exercising them in their firings in the Reere And first having Commanded them to face about into the Reere or wheele them about or performe it by Counter marching The Company we presuppose stands in Battallia with the wings of shot upon each flanke of the body of Pikes the Pikes being shouldred you may cause them to march easily forwards the Enemie being supposed to appeare in the Reere Command your last ranke of Musquetiers to face about present and give fire wheeling off by division File-wise marching uptoward the Front and there placing themselves before the foremost ranke of shot the outmost man of each ranke being the Leader up of those which have fired where first taking their place on the outside the rest wheeling about them and ranking even with them on the inside ever observing that they ranke even with the second ranke of Pikes the rest of the shot also doing the like and in this manner to continue the firing as occasion shall require This kinde of firing may easily be performed if Souldiers will but observe these following directions viz when the last ranke of Musquetiers have presented to the reere and are giving of fire then the ranke which marcheth next before them must blow open and present at three motions still keeping along even with the body of Pikes untill that lastly they present to the reere by which time the ranke that last fired will be wheeled away The next ranke so soone as the other hath presented is likewise at three motions to doe the same and so successively for all the rest every ranke observing upon each rankes firing to loose one and to march one ranke neerer to the reere of the battell that so that part may still be kept absolute Captaine Swan at the giving over of Deventer in Gilderland by Stanly and Yorke did defend himselfe from the enemies Horse by giving fire in the reere untill he had gained a place of strength which honorable performance will never be buried in oblivion But suppose the Enemies horse shall still pursue your troopes in the reere you having gained some straight or place of aduantage
three or foure Pistols to be discharged first a good distance off then neerer hand according as your horse beginneth to abide them during which time forget not to make much of him Likewise every morning before he is drest discharge a Musket or two and sound a Trumpet and beate a charge with your drumme and then when he is patient feede him and cherish him the Groome may sometime dresse him in bright armour hee may be used to eate his Oates from off the Drumme head you may ride him against an armour plac't upon a stake that he may overthrow it and trample it under his feete Every horseman that doth not observe these briefe observations and fit himselfe and his horse in all respects before hee come to be trayned they will prove both unfit for service neither would I wish any Captaine to approve either of man or horse that in some reasonable manner hath not attained to this perfection for an Oxe well Managed may in possibility doe better service than an ill ridden wresty horse neither can any security or reputation bee expected by any service they shall undertake if the Officers be not diligent to see their Troopes well ordered and demeaned Thus premising every Horseman is or will be in this nature qualified wee will proceede to the Exercising of private Troopes and breefely shew all their Postures and how they ought to be imbattelled but first it is necessary to give a touch about the severall kinde of arming both of Curassiers Harquebuzires Carabines and Dragoones as followeth CHAP. CVII How the horse Troopes ought to be devided and distinguished by their severall armes apt and fit for divers services and what proportion of Cavalry ought to be joyned with the Infantry WE are to understand how our Generalls of late ages have divided their horse Troopes into foure severall kindes proper for divers Services and accordingly their armings are sutable to their Offices as The arming of the Câ—irassier Harquebuzier Carbine Dragoone is chiefely Defensive Offensive Offensive and Defensive The light armed which are the Harquebuziers Carabines and Dragoones are imployed to begin a charge against the Infantry upon flanke and reare at once the Front is dangerous if the two armies of foote be ready to joyne then the heavie armed viz. the Cuirassiers shall take the advantage of such disorders as are procured by the light armed for their compleate arming is efficatious to defend their bodies from the push of pikes the better to thrust in amongst them The light armed are also more apt and fit to be sent upon services that require expedition which the heavie armed are unfit to performe for the Cuirassier is to be compleately armed Capapè with a good Buffe coate to preserve his body from the pinching of his pondrous armour his horse is to be fifteene hand high and upwards he is also to have his Bedee Nagge and a Boy to carry his Armes and Snapsacke and to get him forrage for his horses his Saddle and Bitte must be strong and good whereunto must be fixed upon each side of it a case of good Firelocke Pistolles the barrell being full eighteene inches long and the bore of twenty or twenty foure bullets in the pound with his Spanner and flaske boxes a good sword and a scarffe over his armes to distinguish him from the enemie His service in the warres is chiefely defensive As for the proportion which the horse should beare to the foote there are divers of sundry opinions but the Prince of Orange used to allow three to tenne or twelve at most viz. 3000. horse to 1000. or 12000. foote and every troope consisting of five score horse which are ordered twenty in ranke and five deepe in file the which custome they use the rather because of the scarsitie of their horse and againe they are opiniated that in regard each horse man hath two Pistolles they may perfect their fight as well as a Troope of Musquetiers that are tenne deepe in â—yle having but one Musquet apeece but from this hath proceeded many inconveniences as Captaine Beumount hath observed wherefore his advice was to have the horse Troopes consist of sixe score so they may be ranked twenty in breast and sixe deepe in file they being then more apt and proper to double their rankes whereby their front may be extended or if being in skirmish with the enemy any shot should be drawne out to give fire upon them in the reare then the two hindmost rankes of a horse may peckiere about and put them to retreate and the foure foremost rankes in the front may be the better able to prosecute their fight wherefore my discourse shall be to shew you how the Troopes consisting of 120. horse ranked twentie in brest and sixe deepe in file shall be exercised and fitted for the warres and leave it to the judicious Commander to take his choyse CHAP. CVIII How the Harquebuziers and the Carbines ought to demeane themselves THese kinde of horse men are to be armed with an open Caske Gorget backe and brest more than Pistoll proofe with good Buffe coate to preserve their bodies from bruising Their Harquebuzes are to be two foote and a halfe in length their bores of seventeene bullets to the pound about their neckes a strong leather Belt with a Swivell to hang the Ring of their peeces upon a Flaske and Touch boxe and Pistolls like to the Cuirassiers Their horses ought not to be under the size of fifteene hands in height when they passe by the Generall or Troope through the streetes of a towne they place the but end upon their right thigh and their right hand grasping the barrell towards the middest of it the locke towards their bodies otherwise in their march if the enemy be not neere they hang downe by their sides Likewise the Carbine requires a smaller horse a faire Buffe coate his Carabine twentie seven inches long the bore of twentie foure bullets to the pound and he is to demeane himselfe upon all points like the Harquebuze having his sword in a strong belt Flaske and touch boxe CHAP. CIX How the Dragoones ought to arme and demeane themselves THe Dragoones are no lesse than a foote company consisting of Pikes and Muskets only for their quicker expedition they are mounted upon horses they are of great use for the guarding of passages and fordes in regard of their swiftnesse they may prevent the enemies foote and gaine places of advantage to hinder their passage Their Pikes are to have thongs of leather about the middle of them for the easier carriage of them The Muskets are to have a broad strong belt fastened to the stocke of them well neere from one end to the other whereby he hangs it upon his backe when hee rideth holding his match and bridle in his left hand any horse if he be swifâ— will performe this service in regard they alight and doe their service a foote so that when tenne men alight the eleventh holdeth
Persians and the Warres thereof THis of the Medes and Persians was a very strong Kingdome also though inferiour to the former Vnder whose Dominion there were no lesse then 127. Provinces whose confines reached from India to Ethiopia Yet was not this Kingdome for all the greatnesse without Warre and trouble Cyrus himselfe raysing an Armie in Persia assailed his Grandfather in Media and overthrew his Army under the conduct of his Generall Harpagus but the King would not bee discouraged for the losse of one Battell but Armes the second time and leades them himselfe into the Field where hee divides them into two Battells Commanding the hindmost that if they did perceive any of the formost Bands to recoyle they should slay them like enemies and declaring to the formost that unlesse they did carry the victory Non minus fortes etiam post terga inventuros quam a frontibus viros a stratagem that put such hardy courage into his formost Souldiers as that with great resolution they beate backe the Persians formost troops which being perceived of the Women their Mothers and Wives met them flying homewards and earnestly intreated them to returne to battell but they delaying Sublata veste as Iustin sayes obscana corporis ostendunt rogantes in uteros matrem velint refugere With which correction they were so ashamed as that they returned into the Battell more furious then before Et facta impessione quos fugiebant fugere cumpellunt and so Astyages was taken Prisoner and his Crowne set upon his Grand-childes head But for all this Cyrus could not perpetuate his owne and Kingdomes peace for the Cities of the Medes rebelled against him the Babylonians made Warre upon him and to strengthen their party drue into their League Crassus the Potent King of Lydia Cujus opes et divitiae insignes ea tempestate erant so that if he had not beene a Souldier his Kingdome had beene dissolved before it had beene very well setled But through his prudence and valour hee brake through all these difficulties quieted the Rebellion subdued the Babylonians and overcame the Lydian their Auxiliarie who hee used with such Lenity as that thereby hee politickly avoided a most dangerous Warre with the Greekes the most entire friends of Crassus For as Iustin sayes Tantus Crassi amor apud omnes urbes erat re passurus Cyrus grave bellum Greciae fuerit si quid in Crassum Crudelius consuluisset This Cyrus afterwards was slaine and his whole Army roughted by Tomaris Queene of the Massagetes So fickle a thing is Peace and Prosperity in this World seeme it never so firmely to bee setled and grounded After the decease of Cyrus or rather before for when Cyrus was gone against the Messagetes Cambyces in his Fathers absence was declared King But for his cruelty Almighty God cut him short by a grievous wound in his thigh made by the falling of his owne sword out of the scabbard as hee was mounting on Horsebacke Hee was no sooner dead but one of the Magi by name Comaris or as others say Praxaspis thinking to transferre the Scepter into his owne Line sets up his owne Brother Oropastes under the name of Smerdis the deceased Kings Brother which hee himselfe by the Kings Commandement had formerly slaine Erat enim oris et corporis liniamentis persimilis But this cozenage was quickly found out by the policie of Othanes one of the Nobilitie for this mocking wanted eares which Smerdis the Kings Brother and Heire apparent to the Crowne did not had he beene alive upon this discovery A conspiracy is made by Seven of the Nobilitie and the Kingdome delivered from the slavery of the Imposture hee and his Abettors being slaine In whose stead Darius Sonne of Histaspis surnamed Artaxerxes was saluted King upon occasion of the neighing of his Horse For so it was determined that those of the Nobility who had freed their Country from servitude meeting in the Suburbs next morning on Horsebacke hee whose Horse first neighed should bee saluted King and this they did to avoyd contention amongst them which otherwise were equall This Darius as some thinke was that great King Ahaâ—uerus who put away his Wife Vasti by Herodotus called Attasha Daughter to King Cyrus and married Ester or Aristona as Herodotus calleth her kinswoman of Mordecai the 〈◊〉 This mighty Prince whose strength and power is described largely in the booke of Hester could not live without Warre and trouble The Babylonians rebelled against him and had hee not had a Zophirus to gaine his Master Babylon lost his owne Nose and Fares which occasioned the King on a time having a Pomgranet in his hand to say Se non optare majorem Thesaurum ullum quam ut tot haberet Zopyrus quot grava sint illius pomi This Darius sought to incorporate Macedonia the next bordering Kingdome with his owne Territories and the rather because hee heard that there were most rich veines of mettall And for this purpose sent Messengers to Amintus of Macedon who required Vt terram et aquam traderet Dario. Amintus fearing the Persian power answered mildely and invited the Ambassadours to a Banquet during which they behaved themselves laciviously towards the noble Ladies that were placed betweene them at the Table for their greater honour Which thing moved both Amintus the old King and Alexander his young Sonne to anger Whereupon Amintus at his Sonnes intreaty departeth as it were to take some rest But young Alexander first for a while fained mirth and afterwards craves leave for the Ladies absence for some little time promising their speedy returne But being dismissed hee commanded so many Noble young Men to put on the Ladies garments and secretly to carry poynards underneath them with this charge that when the Persians began to toy they with their weapons should stabbe them which charge afterwards was performed to purpose Et lasciviae ac potulantiae poenas legati justus dederunt After this the Iones by the perswasion of one Istiaeus fell from him and with the helpe of the Athenians they burnt the City Sardis But they being overcome in a Sea Battell and the Sedition pacified with some difficulty hee turneth about and turns all his fury against the Athenians their assistants being further urged hereunto by Hippias Sonne of Pisistratus the Tyrant whom the Athenians had banished Whereupon Darius sent against the Athenians a very great Army under the leading of the sayd Hippias Against them marcheth Miltiades the Athenian Generall by whose prudent Conduct and the Souldiers valour they were routed in the Field of Marathon and leaving behind them Two hundred thousand of there men with great astonishment they fled to their Ships where the proper valour of one Cynaegirus an Athenian Souldier appeared for hee not wearied with innumerable slaughter in the Battell layes hold with his right hand on one of the flying Ships and would not let her goe till both were dismembred from his valiant
for more ayde of men and victuals into Sicily which were sent him but divers of his Ships miscarried and fell into the enemies hands in one of which was a Centurion with some old soldiers and some newly taken up all of them were brought before the Generall Scipio and to them thus he addressed his speech I know and am assured Soldiers that it is not of your owne accord that thus wickedly you pursue and prosecute good men your fellow-Citizens but rather that you are forced thereunto by the command of that wicked Emperour of yours since therefore fortune hath brought you within our power if you will as your duty bindes you with other good men labour to defend the Common-weale you know that we will not onely spare your lives but also take you into our protection and pay wherefore answer us what you are minded to doe To this the Centurion of the 14. Legion having liberty to speake answers For thy great good will noble Scipio I give thee hearty thanks and happily I should make use of thy proffered curtesie if too great a wickednesse were not coupled therewith wherefore know you that I will never beare armes against Caesar my Emperour from whom I have received my order and for whose dignity and honour I have fought more than 36. yeares moreover I would counsell you noble Scipio to desist from thy enterprise for if hitherto thou hast had no experience of him against whom thou dost contend yet now at last take him into consideration chuse among all thy souldiers one whole Cohort which thou thinkest to be most strong and valiantest and I will take but ten of these my fellow-souldiers which now are within thy power and by our valour you shall understand what trust and confidence thou canst have in thine owne Troopes Scipio was so inraged with this answer that he slew the Centurion and all the old souldiers immediately After this Caesar at Thapsus fought with Scipio and King Juba and overthrew them both in one day at which Battell one strange thing happened the Trumpets sounded a charge through the souldiers forwardnesse without the command of the Generall The overthrow began at Juba whose Elephants not throughly manned to fight being but lately drawne out of the woods at the suddain shrilnesse disranked their friends Army and presently all fled After this overthrow Scipio and Cato slew themselves and Juba and Petreius after they had feasted themselves at a banquet slew one the other this was the direfull end of those brave Romans and of this African warre But out of the embers of this warre sprang another in Spaine more dangerous than the former wherein Cneius and Sextus the two sonnes of great Pompey were the Generals They having gathered great forces amongst their friends in Spaine reduced the greatest part of that Country under their obeysance against them Caesar goes with his choisest Legions Sed nusquam atrocïus nec tam ancipiti marte concursum est Their last and chiefest Battell was at Munda wherein Cneius Pompeius fought with such resolution as that Caesars squadrons began to give ground and were ready to forsake the field what danger Caesar was then in any man may know by his demand Lucius Florus saith he was seene before the Army sadder than he used to be yea it is reported that in that perturbation he consulted what he should doe with himselfe if the worst befell and that his countenance was as one that meant to make his owne hands his owne executioner He was heard say some to have uttered these words to his old souldiers If ye be not ashamed leave me and deliver me into the hands of these boyes In good time did Pompey's Lieutenant send Caesar five Cohorts of horse crosse the Battell to guard that which was in some danger Caesar takes hold of this advantage and makes his souldiers beleeve they fled and chargeth upon them as open flyers and did thereby both put fresh courage into his owne souldiers and also daunt his enemies for Caesars men followed on boldly thinking themselves to have the upper hand and the Pompeyans supposing their fellowes to run away fell themselves to running what slaughter then was made amongst them may be conjectured by this Caesar made a Rampire about Munda by pyling up bodies dragged together from all about and fastened together with speares and javelins Caesar himselfe esteemed so much of this Battell as that he used to say many times In other Battels he fought for victory and honour but at Munda he fought for his life Cncius Pompeius after his defeat fled but was overtaken and slaine but Sextus the younger brother was reserved for another warre Caesar now being victor returned to Rome where he makes himselfe perpetuus Dictator and had titles of honour given him by the State as Imperator and Pater patriae now his accepting of these titles and some other signes of ambition drew upon him both the envie of the people and of some great Lords Hereupon his death was conspired by 70. of the principle men of Rome his friends misdoubting somewhat advised that he should ever have a guard about him but he rejected their counsell saying Mori satius est semel quam timore semper torqueri Neglecting this counsell he was slaine by the Conspirators in the Senate-house and fell at the foot of the Base where Pompey's Image stood Sic ille qui terorem orbem civili sanguine implenerat tandem ipse sanguine suo curiam implevit Caesar being slaine new troubles arise about his death the people which desired it before it was effected yet after hated the doers Anthony and Lepidus instigated them against the melefactors so that for their safeguard they were glad to flye out of the Citie their houses being first burnt with brands which the people raked out of Caesars funerall fire Caesars old souldiers also had a minde to be revenged of these Conspirators had they but had one to lead them on to take it Wherefore after that Octavianus Caesar Anthony and Lepidus were agreed upon the Triumvirate they called these old blades of Caesars together and with them Anthony and Octavianus marched into the East against Brutus and Cassius the chiefe of the Conspirators and fought with them twice in the field of Philippos a Citie in Macedonia In the first Battell the right wing which was led by Anthony overthrew the left wing of the other Armie led by Cassius but the right wing of the other Armie led by Brutus did as much for the left wing of his Armie led by Octavianus Augustus being overthrowne secured himselfe in Anthonies Campe but Cassius contrariwise not knowing how it fared with his companion caused one Pindarus a slave that he had maintained and manumitted to cut off his head Brutus the next day gathered up the scattered troopes but was loth to hazard battell any more for two reasons first because he knew his enemies were pinched with want
in the hidden qualities of the Magnes-stone Have recorded how two friends may discourse upon any subject although they be a thousand miles distant the manner to performe it is thus Take two peeces of round Bords being smothed about the bignesse of the top of an houre-glasse upon these must be glewed a peece of cleane paper which being done a Circumference must be drawne on eyther of them and the Letters of the Crosse-row being set downe distinctly a pretty distance a sunder round the said Circumference of each of them Then after the manner of a Sunne-diall there must be a Steele-needle plac'd in either of them of one length and weight these Needles must be toucht with the Magnes-stone both at one instant your Friend is to have one of these instruments the other to remaine with your selfe the just time of the day being appointed when the discourse should begin you must with your finger direct the Needle to such Letters one sensibly after another for the making up a word then pauze so long as you thinke he may well write it downe then removing the Needle againe to those Letters which doe spell such words as your minde may be understood and as you remove your Needle so voluntarily will your Friends Needle point at the same Letters whereby you may discourse what you please Viginerius in his Annotations upon Titus Livius 1316. Columne of his first Volume doth report that a Letter may bee read through a Stone-wall three foot thicke by this onely device Harpagus writeth to Cyrus concerning the treason of King Astyages having cunningly unbowelled a Hare put his Letter therein and after hee had ingenuously sowed it up againe delivered it with the Nets to one of his Hunts-men the faithfullest of all his houshold and he carried it to King Cyrus Frontinus Lib. 3. Chap. 13. Many saith he being desirous in actions of Warre to send their Letters missives secretly whereby their friends may know their mindes and yet to avoid all meanes of discovery have written within the Scabbards of their swords and sent them as acceptable presents Machiâ—vel in his Art of Warre makes mention how a Captaine in a besieged Towne may cause his friends to understand his mind the manner of acting it is thus He that desires to relate his minde must write his whole scope downe in paper first and holding it in one of his hands and a Torch or two Torches in the other hand Likewise taking the advantage of a high Steeple or Towre and the opportunity of a darke night whereby the Lights may be further seene by his friend that should observe the same wherefore having Inke Pen and Paper ready and for the better understanding how it should be performed take notice of the Letters of the Crosse-row how they are placed that you may discerne how the Lights shall describe every severall Letter for the making up a word A B C D E F G H I K L This part of the Crosse-row with one light 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 M N O P Q R S T V W This part of the Crosse-row with two lights 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Now observe that all the Letters of the first Division of the Crosse-row are to be demonstrated with one light As for example If you would Copie downe the Letter A you must hold up one Light but once if you desire he should copie downe B you must shew one light twice likewise C one light is to be shewne thrice and so of the rest as the Figures underneath the Letters will guide you The second part of the Crosse-row beginning at M is to be demonstrated with two lights once N with two hights twise O with two lights thrise and so of the rest as the figure underneath each Letter shewes how many times you must hold up your Light to demonstrate such a Letter Suppose I would have my friend Copie downe the word Man M being the first Letter of the second part of the Crosse-row must be signified with two lights shewed once then obscuring the lights untill you thinke he hath copied it downe next you must shew one light once which signifies A then obscuring the Light as before you must next shew two lights twice which signifies N being the second Letter of the second part of the Crosse-row the word being finished you must obscure the Light twice as long as you did it for a Letter otherwise a Letter cannot be distinguisht from a Word nor a Word from a Letter by this you see the word Man signified by the helpe of the Light and by this device your friend may understand your minde being a mile off If you desire to let your Friend understand your secrets so that they should not be discovered take a whole sheet of Paper and with Pen and Inke write upon one side some formall Letter of discourse farre from the matter you intended to participate in secret to your Friend which being finisht turne the Leafe over and with the juyce of an Onion or Leman write your secrets betweene the Lines written with inke your Friend knowing the secret of it will reade it against the fire-light or putting it into water Demoratus desiring to make knowne to the Lacedemonians how King Xerxes was armed and prepared for his journey against Greece did write the counsell of the King in small Tablets of wood which he covered over with waxe and in that manner sent them to the Lacedemonians they taking off the waxe read all the Contents thereon written â—ontius likewise reports that Pachorus sent Letters in a Nosegay of Violets to his beloved Lucretia likewise he wrapt letters in Balles of waxe and threw them in at his Mistresses Window One of the surest wayes to write a Letter which is not possible to be read but by him that is to receive it and knowes the device is in this kinde to be performed First you must have two flat Rulers three or foure inches broad and halfe a foot long they must be both of a breadth to a haires breadth then take a sheet of cleane Paper and cut it out into narrow peeces like your smallest Tape then with mouth-glew fasten the ends together and winde it even about the Rule giving the end you begin to write at a privie marke then write your secrets upon the Paper eyther in Letters or Characters which being unwound from the Rule can never be possibly brought together to be read unlesse it bee wound about your Friends Rule whereby he may understand your minde There is a most excellent way to write so as it is impossible to bee understood which is performed after this manner Take two halfe sheets of Paper and Rule them one upon the other so as the Lines may be of equall distance then take your Pen-knife and just upon the Lines cut through both the
comfort of Age and Wit the grace of Strength and Vertue the guide of Wit in all Souldiers they are not to be allowed of eyther young or old for Streâ—gth without Wit is dangerous Wit without Vertue hurtfull and pernicious so likewise Age without Strength is but tedious Therefore Commanders ought to be of a prime judgement in making choise of such Souldiers as are likely to prove serviceable And in regard our Weapons are of a divers Nature as Pike and Musquet it is to be observed that Nature hath framed men fit in stature and qualities to use them The tallest and ablest men ought to be trained up to manage the Pike the men of meaner stature are to serve in Musquets and to inable them the better every man from his youth should exercise themselves in manlike actions which might make them hardy setling their joynts and breeding strength so that in a short time their Armour and Weapons would seem very easie and light Likewise Souldiers must be very carefull to observe their Rankes and Files and especially in time of Battell taking notice that upon all occasions they must make their Leaders place good if he should chance to be slaine before him for if the Front of the Battell be not kept compleat the enâ—my will soone ruine it The consideration of which caused Manlius Torqâ—â—tus for example to pâ—steritie to put his Sonne to death because contrary to command he observed not his Rankes Likewise no Officer nor Souldier ought to goe beyond his Commission although a Conquest might ensue the reason is because none may trench upon the jurisdiction of Authority and also in regard for the most part a thousand times more mischiefe may ensue than good possibly can which made Posthumu◠〈◊〉 use martiall Law against his Sonne Aulus Posthumus at his returne from his conquered Enemy If an Army be so fortunate as to gaine a Conquest so many as are appointed for the execution of the victory must be diligent in the execution and not to fall to pillaging whereby the Enemy may take an opportunity to rally his broken forces and overthrow you It were very good for Souldiers to practice all kinde of Weapons and to bee singuler in the use of them Likewise Souldiers must be very perfect in the divers beates of the Drumme they ought to be very expert in swimming by reason many exploits are to be atchieved by it and the lives of many Souldiers sav'd by it They should use themselves to carry heavie burthens that they may bee the fitter to carry provision in a March and to carry earth up the Trenches without wearisomnesse for a Souldier must looke to be exposed to all manner of toyle upon occasions of necessity In consideration whereof the worthy Commanders of ancient times 〈◊〉 choise of Country labouring fellowes to be their Souldiers because they could indure paines and hardinesse rather than out of Cities and Townes for such are fittest to be Horsemen Souldiers are further to take notice that in Garrison or in a setled Campe their duty is upon all occasions not making any delay at the sound of the Drumme to repaire to his Colours with his compleate Armes be it to answer an Alarum or to releeve the Watch where no Souldier of what birth or degree soever should not take it in scorne or hold it a disgrace to stand Sentinell untill such time as hee understands himselfe better and then being a Gentleman of a Company he must not refuse to be instructed and taught by the meanest Officer it must bee farre from any Souldier to disobey any of his Officers precepts and especially such as are given in charge by the higher Authority neyther to contemne or slight the Martiall lawes lost death be his reward Souldiers must be very wary how they undervalue their Officers especially their Generall or how they speake invectively or reproachfully of any service or designe that hath not taken effect Souldiers must rather choose death then cowardly to runne from their colouâ—s neither must they have any converse with the enemy either by speech sending or receiving of Letters were it from his dearest Friend without the Generalls Lycence A domesticke Traytour is a Monster amongst enemies and let such a one know that never any prospered For as Queene Elizabeth once said in the like case that shee would make use of the treason but never trust the Traytour Now lastly we must take notice of each Souldiers particular duty both in Garrison and in field as the next Chapter shall declare CHAP. LVI The duties both of Officers and Souldiers in Garrison EVery Fort or Garrison hath a Governour a Major and a Captaine of the Watch these are the principallest in authority Next there are divers other Captaines and Officers both of horse and foot with their Companies to each belonging of the duties of each I will discourse briefly of and I thought it fitting to place this discourse here rather then in the end of the tract of Fortification The duty of a Governour is to be vigilant and carefull that all Officers and Souldiers under his jurisdiction doe punctually performe their duties and where default is according as the offence is to punish he is to have daily intelligence of the enemies proceedings which he must procure either by sending out partyes of Foot or certaine Horse or else by the Countrey people hee is to see all the Workes and Fortifications about the Towne preserved and kept and what defences else hee in his wisdome shall thinke necessary to be raised the Garrison must indeavour to doe it what out-Watches either of Horse or Foot he sees sit to be placed upon places convenient for the prevention of the enemies secret approaches he must command it and his Major must see it executed he is the chiefe judge in place of judicature only assisted by the chiefe Officers who have each of them a voyce and the Governours stands for two by which meanes a Malefactour is according to his demerit punished or freed according as most voyces shall agree upon by his authority hee may commit the chiefest Officer for any misdemenour and cause him to be brought to his tryall By his care and wisedome all things are to be managed his Major is his eye mouth and hand His duty is to see the Watches set to see the Gentlemen of the round doe their duty the Sentenells stand at their postures the Ports well guarded hee is to receive no Troopes into the Fort but first hee must goe to them with a sufficient guard of Pikes and Musquets he is to receive the patent from the Captaine of those troopes which if he findes it to be the Princes hand and Seale he is immediatly to acquaint the Governour withall and by his permission to conduct them in if there be divers Companies that Company which first enters the Towne hath the preeminence the rest inccessively in order and so accordingly they are to take their turnes to watch
of your right foot with the Stocke towards you your right hand holding it somewhat more than halfe way towards the mouth you stand with a full body boult upright with the Musquet in the same manner by your right side 53 Lay down your Musquet Rest. Match This Posture is performed by stepping forwards with your right foot your selfe and Peece standing as in the precedent Posture then declining with your body you lay it downe gently with the mouth in a right line from you and and the locke upwards after the same manner also your Rest and Match is to be disposed of 54 Take off 55 Lay down your Bandeliers After your hands are free from your Musquet Match and Rest you may with your left hand take off your Hat which may hinder you and with your right hand neatly convey them over your head and so as before lay them downe along by the side of your Musquet but so as the Match may not fire them 56 March from your Armes This is principally used to make the Souldiers apt and ready to finde their owne places againe and to be quicke in re-arming themselves upon a suddaine Allarme The Sentinell Posture is no otherwise then having your Musquet rested primed and charged with powder and Bullet for your better ease and readinesse to give fire upon the Enemy to make an Allarme you stand at that Posture with the But end of your Musquet at your right huckle bone with a light match cockt the mouth of the Peece somewhat mounting and your hand grasping the Stocke with your finger upon the Seare And this shall suffice for the Postures of the Musquet onely you are to draw your Files into an even body againe fit to joyne with the Body of Pikes CHAP. LXXVII How aâ— Officer is to 〈◊〉 himselfe in the 〈◊〉 of the Pikes and 〈…〉 Souldier â—s to imitate him punctually from Posture to Posture THe Officer having disposed his Piâ—â—emen as before is shewed and standing in the midst of the Ring with a Pike in his hand after he hath â—â—â—â—â—â—ded silence and being presupposed that the Souldiers stand with their Pikes advanc'd The Officer commands them to Order your Pikes This Posture is performed the Pike being advanc'd by drawing in your left heele towards the small of your right foot and at the same instant raising your left hand as farre as you can indifferently stretch it you graspe the Pike in it towards the top of your head then loosening your right hand which holds the But end of the Pike and withall sinking your left hand with the Pike in it as low as your skirts you againe raise up your right hand and guiding the Pike with your left you place the But end of it by the out-side of your right foot your right hand holding it even with your eye and your thumbe right up then removing your legge to his former station your left arme being set a kimbo by your side you shall stand with a full body in a comely Posture Advance your Pikes The Pike being ordered as in the former Posture is shewed without changing of your hold you must with your right hand lift the Pike a little from the ground and taking it suddainly againe with the left hand towards the 〈◊〉 end leaving so much length below as you can afterwards reach well with the right hand where it is stayed in the fist at the full length of the arme hanging right downewards your fore-finger and thumbe close at the But end resting it close to your thigh and bearing against the shoulder close to your breast causeth it to stand firme and upright without wavering Shoulder your Pike This Posture may be performed eyther when the Pike is advanc'd or ordered If advanc'd then your left hand is to be brought about to your right side and being stretcht upwards you are to take hold of the Pike towards the top of your head then loosening your right hand which holds the But end the left hand sinkes the Pike downewards sloping in a right line forwarns so that the right hand receiving the second hold as high as it can conveniently reach and graspes the Pike with the thumbe long-wayes upon the Pike and underneath it Then your left hand leaving its former hold immediately graspes the Pike just below your right hand and so both hands being joyned together they gently conveyes it unto the right shoulder leaving the right fist close prest to the Plate bone thereof with your right elbow close downe by your side and your left elbow set a kimbo you stand with an upright full body Note that in acting this Posture your feet are not to bee removed eyther backwards or forwards but occasionally side-wayes as the hands are imployed in the executing this Posture some never stirre any foot at all I leave it as a thing indifferent Levell your Pikes This is performed the Pike being shouldered by bringing your left hand to the Pike and grasping it close under your right hand and withall at the same instant drawing in your left heele towards the 〈◊〉 of your right foot then with an even motion of both your hands you are to raise the butte end of your Pike untill it lyes levell upon your shoulder then returning your hand and foot to their due places you shall stand in a faiâ—â— Posture This may bee performed without moving the foot but then it hath not the like grace with it Slope your Pikes This Posture is performed in the same kind the former was only the hands presseth downe the butte end of the Pike within halfe a foote of the ground which causeth it to lye right sloping Charge your Pikes to the Front This Posture may be performed either when the Pike is advanced or shouldered wherealso you must further observe whether it be to be acted standing or Marching If so be your Pike bee advanced and you are to act this Posture standing Then you must only slip backe your right hand and your right foote a good stride placing your foote side-wayes from your body Then with your left hand you are to receive the Pike about a yard from the butte end holding your elbow in an even distance from your body with your hand close to your breast so that the Pike may have the more freedome to play forwards and backwards just breast-high of a man your left knee being bent for wards and your body yeelding towards the point of the Speare so as you may not easily be thrust back by the Enemy If your Pike be shouldered then you must receive the Pike in your left hand a pretty reach downewards tâ—wards the butte end of the same at the same instant you are to raise the Pike with your right hand from your shoulder and with your left hand draw in the butt end of the same towards the outside of your right thigh then slipping backe your right foote and hand you receive the butt-end of it you charge it as before
the viewing the subsequent Figure you shall the better understand the manner of performing this motion of Square Facing Face Square and March Proper Front Front accidentall Front accident all The Front of the Reere The Words of Command commonly used to produce this precedent Figure are these as followeth if they be 10 in depth and 20 in Ranke The first three Rankes stand The three last Rankes face about The rest of the Body face to the Right and Left then March all To reduce them to their first Order Face all about to the Right March and close your Divisions Face all to your Leader who then stands at his Front proper Another way of facing Square and Marching upon it The Front proper The Front of the left Flanke The Front of the right Flank The Front of the Reere The words of Command customarily used to produce this Figure are these as followeth Musquetiers face to the right and left Halfe-files of Pikes faces about to the right then March all To reduce them to their former order Face all about to the right March and close your Divisions Face all to your Leader In the next Chapter I shall shew the manner of Opening and Closing both of Files and Rankes and then some instructions of doubling them with their use and parts CHAP. LXXXI The manner of opening and closing both of Rankes and Files and how to double them with the use and parts thereunto belonging IN the opening and closing of Rankes and Files there are divers things considerable as first in the motion of Files you are to observe your Leader Secondly in your motion of Rankes you are to observe your right-hand 〈◊〉 Thirdly when Files open to the right the Left-hand-file must stand fast every 〈◊〉 taking 〈◊〉 distance from the File next his left hand Fourthly when they open to the Le then the right hand File stands every File taking his distance from the File next his Right hand Fiftly in closing of Files if it be to the right then contrary to the opening the Right-hand-file stands the rest closing to the right taking then Distance from their next right hand-file Sixthly if you close to the left then the Left-hand-file stands the rest of the Files closing to the left taking their distance in like manner Seventhly when Files close to the right and left then they close inwards taking their distance from the Files within them neerer to the middest of the body Eighthly note when Files are commanded to open to the right and left or by division it must be outward Likewise you must observe when Rankes open forwards then the last Ranke stands every Ranke taking his distance from the Ranke next behind him Secondly when they open backwards then the first Ranke is to stand and every Ranke is to take his distance from the Ranke next before him Thirdly if Rankes close to Front and Reare then the first and last Ranke stands the other taking their distances from them Fourthly if they close Rankes towards the Center or middest then they close towards their two middlemost rankes Lastly you are to observe that in opening of Files and Ranks you are in the acting of it either to face to the right or to the right about these things being considered and you hauing commanded them to even their Rankes and straighten their Files you are to use these words of Command following Rankes and Files to your close order Files open to the right Rankes open forwards to your Order Files open to the right Rankes open forwards to your open order Files open to the right Rankes open forwards to your double distance Files close to the Right Rankes close forwards to your open order Files close to the right Rankes close forwards to your order Files close to the Right Rankes close forwards to your close order Files open to the Left Rankes open backwards to your order Files open to the left Rankes open backwards to your open order Files open to the left Rankes open backwards to your double distance Files close to the left Rankes close backward to your open order Files close to the left Rankes close backward to your order Files close to the left Rankes close backward to your close order Files Rankes open to the right and left front and reare to your order Files Rankes open to the right and left front and reare to your open order Files Rankes open to the right and left front and reare to your double distance Files Rankes close to the right and left inward middest to your open order These motions being performed by the Souldiers fairly and with out mistakes you may proceed to exercise them in their doublings and shew them their use and parts as the following Chapter will direct CHAP. LXXXII How an Officer shall exercise his Company in doubling of their Rankes and Files with the use thereof and the severall parts and branches thereto belonging THe use of doublings were invented for the strengthening of any part of the Battell according to the discretion of the wise Commander and are distinguished into these two generalls viz. doublings of length and doublings of depth Doubling of Rankes doth make the number double so much as was before whereby the length of the Battell is extended to the double proportion of ground Doubling of Files or Flankes doth likewise double the number in depth as the former did in length and before wee proceed to particularize these doublings let us take notice of these observations following First that in this motion of doubling there is one part of the body stands firme and the other part moves viz. the standing part is to be doubled the part moving are those that double Secondly observe that the distance for particular and divisionall doublings is open Order in Ranke and File Thirdly observe that the ordinary doublings of Rankes and Files is or ought to be performed by three steps viz first stepping forth with that foote which is next unto the place named Fourthly in the reducement to your former station you must returne by the contrary hand Fifthly observe in doubling of Rankes and Files viz if you double Rankes either to the right or left hand if you double your Files to the contrary hand reduceth them into their former station or in doubling of Files to either hand doubling of your rankes to the contrary will reduce them Lastly observe the severall parts or branches of doublings which are Doublings of First Rankes Secondly Halfe-Files Thirdly Bringers up Fourthly The Reare Fifthly Files Sixthly Halfe-Rankes The first is doubling of Rankes which is performed when every Even-ranke is doubled into the Odde The second is when the halfe Files double their Rankes forwards into the Front The third is when the Bringers-up double their Rankes forwards into the Front The fourth is when the Front halfe Files doubleth the Reare these first foure being doublings of Rankes causeth the length of the Battell to be extended either simply in number
doubling of Files is placed in the Margent And the way to performe it is as followeth First each of the even Files doubleth into the odde Files beginning from the hand named as in this doubling of Files to the Left The Left-hand-file stands fast and the second File doubleth into it by stepping behinde his Left-hand-man at three steppes The fourth File doubleth into the third and so for the rest If your Command be to double your Files to the right then contrariwise the Right-hand-file stands fast the rest of the even Files doubling into the odde accounting from the Right as before from the Left And by the way observe that as in doubling of Rankes any way you are to observe your Right-hand leader So in doubling of Files you are to observe your File-leader so that as neere as possibly may bee you may either in Ranke or File be altogether in one motion Also take notice that this kind of doubling is a doubling of number and not of place for the depth of the Battel is not thereby extended the words of Command used for the reducing of them is Files as you were Bringers up double your Rankes forward to the Right In this doubling of Rankes by Bringers-up as likewise in all other of like nature they that are to move are first to advance their Armes in the next place they must bee sure to observe their Right-hand-men This doubling of Rankes by Bringers-up differeth from the other doubling of Ranks before demonstrated both in quantity and qualitie In quantitie it differeth in regard the other leaves a large distance betweene Ranke and Ranke being double the distance they formerly stood at This contrariwise continuing and preserving the same distance they formerly stood at betweene each Ranke It differeth also in quality because it brings the best and second sort of Souldiers together into the Front The words of Command and direction whereby this motion is produced is placed in the Margent The manner of performing this Motion is thus the tenth or last Ranke which are the bringers up are to passe forwards even in ranke through or betweene the Intervals to the right of them that stand before them untill they come even in Ranke with the Front the ninth Ranke following those which marched from behind them placing themselves in the second Ranke The eight eight Ranke in the third The seventh Ranke in the fourth The sixt ranke or Halfe-files in the fifth or reare of the front halfe-files This doubling maketh a very able Front in bringing the ablest Souldiers together and although the depth of the Battell bee diminished yet the length of it is double in number this doubling is in quantity of number not of ground When you march into your places you must not forget that the Ranke which last toke his place in the execution of this Motion must first march into his place in the way of reducement for as they are led forth by their bringers up contrariwise they are led off by their halfe-file Leaders As for the doubling the Front to the Left hand by Bringers up it is the same onely differing in this that whereas it was to the Right this must bee performed to the Left The Words of Command and direction for reducement of this motion is Bringers up face about to the left march forth into your places Files to the right and left double outwards I will in the first place describe the manner of doubling of Files outwards which worketh the same effect as to double Files to the right and left for the right Flanke is to double to the right and the left Flanke to the left by this doubling of Files to the right and left outwards both the Flankes at one instant are strengthened by doubling their number in depth but it weakeneth the inward part where it taketh two Files cleane away leaving a large intervall in the midst after the word of command is given the outmost File of each Flanke stands and the second File doubles into them the third from each Flanke stands and the fourth File doubles into the third the sixt into the fift and so likewise of all the rest Note that in doubling of Files you must alwayes step behinde the side-man that you are to double into If you would double Files to the right and left inwards it is to be done the contrary way for whereas in the precedent doubling the outmost Files stand and the other doubling outwards in to them Contrariwise in this the two inmost Files shall stand and the rest are to double inwards to them and whereas in the other there is a larger distance in the midst then in any other part but in this doubling inwards the midst will be as close as any other part the words of Command for the reducing of them into their first forme is Files as you were Then the Files which doubled inwards upon the right Flanke are to turne off to the right and those of the left Flanke to the left and so step into their places This doubling of rankes forewards by halfe-files is a motion generally approved of to be very serviceable It differeth from the other doublings by Bringers-up in quality though not in quantity for in quantity they keepe one and the same proportion In quality it differs thus the doubling by Bringers-up doth bring the best and second sort of Souldiers together into the Front the fourth and third sort into the Reare so that the Reare is 4 7 worse then the front But this doubling by halfe-files brings the best and the third together into the front and leaves the second and fourth in the Reare so that the Front is made more able then the Reare by 1 3. Halfe-Files double your Rankes forwards to the right It differeth like wise in motion thus for whereas in the other doubling by Bringers-up the motion was begun by the last ranke ever ranke following the ranke which came from behind him But this contrariwise is directly led forth by the sixt ranke from the front they being ten deepe in File and so is executed more surely and suddainly After the words of Command are give as you see placed in the Margent then the sixt ranke passing up into the first the seventy ranke into the second the eighth Ranke into the third and so for the rest For the reducement the words of Command are Halfe-Files face about to the left march forth into your places Then as the motion was led on by the halfe File Leaders so in the Reducement they are led off by the Bringers up You may double your halfe-Files to the left after the same manner of the former only changing to the contrary hand Front halfe Files face about to the left and double your reare to the right This doubling the Reare by front halfe Files is differing from the doubling last discourst of more in manner then matter For they both correspond in Substance onely
transferre all the even Files into the ground before the Front contrariwise this doubling doth transfer them into the ground next behind the Rear And as in the other doublings half the File-Leaders did remain in the Front and the other halfe were halfe-File-Leaders Now in this doubling halfe the File-Leaders are to remain in the Front and the other half are brought down and plac'd in the last Rank of the Rear and those which were Bringers up are now in this motion become the middlemost Ranks The manner of performing this doubling is thus first having given the word of Command that produceth this motion as is specified in the Margent then every man falling behind his Bringer up the even Files accounting from the hand named immediately are to face about to the right and the Bringers up of each of the even Files are to turne behind the Bringers up of the odd Files that stand And so every man as hee commeth downe to the Reare turneth to the left behind him that marcheth down the next before him untill those that were Leaders of the even Files are become the Bringers up to those that were the odd Files The reducement is thus to bee performed according to the words of Command used for that purpose Bringers up that now are double your Ranks forwards to the left The instructions for this doubling the Ranks forwards by the Bringers up into the Front is discourst of in the beginning of this Chapter where you shall find in the Margent the manner of doubling of Ranks by the Bringers up described In the next Chapter following I shall endeavour to shew the difference between Inversion and Conversion with the words of Command and Reducement belonging to those motions CHAP. LXXXIIII Of Inversion and Conversion with their words of Command whereby those motions are produc'd and the way of reducing them described FOR Etymologie of these words you may be pleased to observe that Inversion doth alwaies produce File or Files and Conversion Rank or Ranks Inversion consists of the Files filing or of Ranks filing but Coversion consists of Ranks ranking to the right or left Or by increase of Files ranking by even or uneven parts and of Ranks wheeling to the right or left But in performing these motions there is a larger distance of ground required than in any other motion The words of Command with their severall reducements are as followeth Files File on to the Right Left This word of Command is performed by causing the right-hand File to march away single the second File from the right falleth into the Rear of the first the third behind the second the fourth behind the third so consequently all the rest of the Files fall into the Rear of their next right-hand Files untill all the whole Company become one File This was invented to passe narrow Bridges or straight Paths in Woods where but one at once can passe for the reducing of these into their former stations the word of Command is File-Leaders Lead up your Files as your were which is performed every File-leader leading up his File to the left of him that marcheth before him until all the File-leaders are even in Rank together and their Files orderly following of them For the Files filing on to the left may bee performed after this precedent manner only altering the hand c. This filing by division is to bee performed after the same manner the precedent was onely this difference that Files File to the right and left by division The right-hand File of the Companie and the left-hand File of the same begin to leade forth at one and the same time in their severall places viz. The Files of the right Flank falling likewise behind the right-hand File the Files of the left Flank falling in like manner behind the left-hand File so that if the bodie of Pikes bee flankt with Musketires then this filing by division bringeth all the Musketires into the Front-division and the Pikes into the Rear of them The word for reducement is File-Leaders Leade up your Files as you were Ranks File to the Right Left To performe this all the Ranks are to bee inverted to the outmost File to the right Wherefore let all your Files bee closed to their order or close order and your Ranks opened either forwards or backwards to double distance or twice double distance according to your number of men in Rank Then let every Rank move after his right-hand man untill all the Ranks stand right in one File after the right-hand Leader of his Rank If the Commander will performe this upon a March then the Ranks shall not need to bee opened to any distance but let them take their distance in the execution of it which is the easiest way thus to performe it viz. The right-hand man of the first Rank marcheth forth-right all his Rank facing to the right and marching likewise after him The right-hand man of the second Rank falling immediately after the left-hand man of the first Rank all his Rank in like manner following of him The right-hand man of the third Rank falleth into the File after the left-hand man of the second his Rank likewise following of him and so of all the rest of the Ranks untill they become one File this kind of filing by Ranks is sooner performed than Files filing and is readier to bee reduc'd to make resistance against any opposition in the Front The word of Command to reduce them is Files Ranke as you were The manner to performe this reducement is if they were ten men in the formost Rank then the first tenne men rank to the left into the Front as they were at first The next ten men next after them which makes the second Rank The third ten men ranking to the left makes the third Rank and so of all the rest untill they be reduc'd into their first forme or station As for Ranks filing to the left c. it is to be performed after this very same manner only it differeth in the hands for in this the left-hand man of the first Rank marcheth forth-right and all his Rank facing to the left marcheth likewise after him and so of the rest If you desire to avoid the mixture of Armes you may march forwards your Musketires of each division and close them before the Pikes and invert them first or you may march forwards your Pikes first and leave the Muskets to come in the Rear or you may invert the Front-division of Shot then the Pikes and last the Rear-division of Shot Ranks File to the Right Left Ranks filing to the right and left is a doubling of the depth by an unequall proportion for in other doublings either the number of length or depth is augmented But this doubling of Inversion makes their depth so many times more in number as there are Files to double or halfe so many if it be done by division the use of it is to avoid the Shot of
Now it remains to demonstrate the way and manner of Files ranking by Conversion in equall parts the word of Command is Files Rank â—our to the left To performe this motion the right-hand File-leader leadeth forth his File the three next men behind him move forwards to the left hand of each other untill they rank even a Brest with their File-leader The next four in like manner ranking to the left do make the second Rank they being but eight deep The File-leader of the second File placeth himselfe next after him that was the half-File-leader of the first which now is become the right-hand man of the second Rank the three next men behind him makes up his Rank and so in like manner for all the rest untill the motion be quite perfected This converts each File into two Ranks and brings all the proper File-leaders and half-File-leaders to make the outmost File to the right The Bringers up both of the Front and Rear half-Files maketh the outmost File to the left For the reducement of this motion of Files ranking four to the left is thus to bee performed first cause your Ranks to file or invert to the right which being done command every File-leader to lead up his File to the left and so every man will bee in his first station CHAP. LXXXV How an Officer is to exercise his souldiers in three manner of Countermarches which are to be performed two manner of wayes viz. one by File the other by Rank THe next thing to bee performed after you have exercised your men in the doubling of their Ranks and Files is to teach them how to countermarch Wherefore you may first begin with intire Countermarches by File The word of Command which produceth it followeth Files to the right-hand Countermarch As soon as the word of Command is given if they be to countermarch to the right then all the File-leaders are to step forwards with their right-legs and face about to the right-hand every File-leader with his File following him passing down towards to the Rear through the Intervall on his right hand still observing to keep even in Rank with his right-hand man and note That no man must turne untill hee come to the ground where at first his File-leader began the Countermarch This motion is performed when the Bringers up have attained unto the place where before their File-leaders stood Files to the left-hand Countermarch To countermarch to the left-hand worketh the same effect and is done after the same manner only differing in hands For reducing them into their former stations If you countermarch to the right by countermarching again to the left brings them into their first forme Files to the right-hand Countermarch every man turning after his Leader on the ground he stands This Lacedaemonian Countermarch is to be performed as followeth the File-leaders of each File are to step side-waies to the right-hand and therewithall to face about to the Rear and so march even in Rank down together between the Intervalls or spaces of ground between File and File no man advancing a foot forwards but turning off the ground they stand on after their Leaders when they are past by them still observing to keep their due distance and so Rank after Rank still turning off to the right untill the motion be performed Files to the left-hand Countermarch every man turning after his Leader on the ground hee stands To countermarch to the left-hand worketh the same effect and is to be performed after the same manner only differing in hand For reducing them into their former stations If first they countermarcht to the right-hand by countermarching again to the left brings them into their first forme Bringers up face about to the right the rest passe through to the Rear and place your selves before your Bringers up This Lacedaemonian Countermarch doth lose the ground also whereon it formerly stood and takes the ground behind the Rear The manner of the motion is as followeth viz. the last Rank of Bringers up face to the Rear and stand the rest of the Body facing about in like manner and passing through or between their bringers up and placing themselves even in Rank before them The Motion is begun by the Rank next the Bringers up and so continued successively by the rest untill the Countermarch be ended It is to be reduc'd by performing the same motion to the contrary hand or the next subsequent motion following will reduce this into its former station Bringers up stand the rest passe through to the right and place your selves behind your Bringers up This Lacedaemonian Countermarch by which the former may be reduc'd is thus to be performed The last Rank or Bringers up are to stand firm and the rest of the Body are to face to the Rear and passe through to the right place themselves behind their Bringers up contrary to the Countermarch last shown in which they plac'd themselves before The motion is also begun by the second Rank from the Rear the rest following successively until the File-leaders are become the Bringers up then face them about after their proper File-leaders and they are reduc'd File-Leaders face about to the right the rest passe through to the right and place your selves behind your Leaders The motion of this Macedonian Countermarch is from the Rear to the Front quite contrary to the Lacedaemonian whose motion was from the Front to the Rear This Macedonian Countermarch makes semblance in the Rear of flight but presently produceth a setled Front when perhaps the enemy with a too early pursuit hath broken the order of array The way to perform this Countermarch is as followeth The File-leaders or first Rank face about to the right the rest of the body passe through between the Intervals or distance betwixt Files to the left and place themselves behind their Leaders every Rank beginning with that next the File-leaders passing through successively and taking their places untill the Countermarch be fully executed This may be reduc'd as the former were by doing the same to the contrary hand or as formerly is said by any intire Countermarch of File or it may bee reduc'd by another Macedonian Countermarch which in the next place shall be described File-Leaders face to the Rear the rest of the Body passe through to the left following your Bringers up placing your selves behind your Leaders By this Macedonian Countermarch the precedent Countermarch may be reduc'd to its former station and it is thus performed The first Rank or File-leaders face to the Rear then the last Rank begin the Countermarch passing forwards between the Intervalls the seventh Rank following the eighth the sixth following the seventh and so likewise the rest untill the whole body bee trans-ferred into the ground before the Front and then joyntly together facing to the right about after their Leaders the Countermarch is ended For reducement take this for a Rule that any intire Countermarch of File
may bee reduc'd by another intire Countermarch by File of what kind or to what hand soever File-Leaders stand the rest passe through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders This Bastard Countermarch being partly derived from the Macedonian and Lacedaemonian Countermarches is thus to be performed The File-Leaders stand the rest of the Body advance their Armes The second Rank first passing through to the right and placing themselves before the first Rank the third Rank before the second the fourth before the third and so forwards for all the rest untill the last Rank or Bringers up are become the formost which perfects the motion You may reduce it by countermarching to the contrary hand or if you please you may reduce it by another like it selfe Ranks to the right-hand Countermarch This Chorean Countermarch of Ranks is an altering or changing of one Flank for the other the Battalia still keeping the same ground only the right Flank becomes the left and the left is changed into the right To performe this motion you are to command your Company to face to the right by which the Ranks are become now Files then countermarching them down the Intervalls or distance between Rank and Rank marching forth-right unto the part which was the left Flank with their Ranks File-wise following them Being come unto their ground they face as before and the Countermarch is performed For the reducement let them countermarch to the left-hand back again and they will be in their first station Ranks to the right-hand Countermarch every man turning after his right-hand man on the ground he stands This Lacedaemonian Countermarch of Ranks is a falling on upon the left Flank the motion being begun by the right it leaves all the ground the Battalia stood on and assumes in place thereof the ground besides the left Flank turning the aspect to the left It is thus to bee performed The whole Body faceth to the right and then the right-hand File being faced becomes a Rank begins the Countermarch turning down the Intervalls of the Ranks which by this facing is made the distance between the Files and so marcheth forth-right beyond the left Flank every man following of him that was his right-hand man but not stepping forward one foot of ground untill the Countermarch be performed For the reducement of this Countermarch you must command them to countermarch again to the left and they will be as at first or if you please you may reduce it by another of the same kind as followeth Right-hand File face to the right the rest passe through to the right and place your selves before your Right-hand men This Lacedaemonian Countermarch of Ranks makes a falling on upon the right Flank the motion being from the left Flank to the right leaving all the ground whereon the Battalia stood and in lieu thereof takes the ground besides the right Flank It is performed after this manner The right-hand File faceth to the right and passeth through the Intervalls or Spaces to the right placing themselves before their right-hand men until the left-hand File become the formost Rank if you do this Countermarch by it self then for reducement first face them to their Front proper then let the left-hand Files face to the left and do as much to the left and they will be in their first station Right-hand Files face to the left the rest passe through to the right placing your selves behind your right-hand men This Macedonian Countermarch of Ranks is contrary to the former for it dismarcheth from the enemy upon that Flank where he approaches presents the contrary Flank to receive the Charge It is performed after this manner The outmost File to the right faceth to the left the rest of the Body or Battalia faceth to the right every man passing through to the right and placing themselves behind their right-hand men For the reducement of this Countermarch do but command them to doe as much to the left as first they did to the right and they will be in their first forme Or if you please you may make use of this following Bastard Countermarch to performe the same Right-hand file stand the rest passe through to the right placing your selves on the outside of your right-hand man This Bastard Countermarch of Ranks doth alter both ground and Flank still reserving the Aspect without alteration the manner of acting it followeth The outmost or right-hand File standeth the rest of the Body facing to the right passe through to the right every man placing of himselfe on the right side of his right-hand man and so standing even in Rank the motion still continuing untill the left-hand File is become the right and the right-hand File the left If you command this Countermarch to bee performed alone then to reduce it you must cause the left-hand File to stand then do as much to the left as before you did to the right and they will be in their first forme Countermarch Front and Rear into the midst This divisionall Chorean Countermarch brings your File-Leaders and Bringers up together in the midst and the Ranks that were in the midst into the Front and Rear Every man is to march up into his Leaders ground before he faceth about to countermarch To performe this you must cause the halfe-Files to face about then the File-Leaders stepping forwards with the right legge are to face about to the right passing down the Intervalls upon the right hand the rest of the Front half-Files following their Leaders and not turning untill they come to the ground where their Leaders turned down before them The Bringers up with the Rear half-Files at the same instant are to turn down their Intervalls upon the left-hand the rest of their division following them untill the File-Leaders and Bringers up meet together in the midst of the Battell and then having faced all to their Leaders the motion is performed You may reduce it by doing the same thing over again or any other divisionall Countermarch of File File-Leaders half-File-Leaders stand the rest passe through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders This Bastard Countermarch doth bring the Leaders and Bringers up together into the midst and saves two facings and is more readily performed than the former The way to performe the motion is as followeth The first Rank stands and the halfe-File-Leaders stand then those of the Front half-Files are to passe through their Intervalls to the right placing themselves before their File-Leaders the second Rank are to place themselves before the first the third before the second the fourth before the third c. The Rear half-Files at the same instant are to perform the like placing themselves before their half-File-Leaders as the other did before their File-Leaders This motion may either bee reduced by acting the same over againe to the contrary hand or else by countermarching the Front and Rear into the midst or by any other
divisionall Countermarches of Files Only observe by the way that as the Front half-Files emptieth the spaces of ground between the Leaders and the halfe-File Leaders placing themselves in the ground before the Front So in the mean time their places are to be replenisht by the Souldiers of the Rear halfe-Files who are to march up and supply their roomes File-Leaders and Bringers up stand the rest passe through to the right and place your selves before your Leaders and Bringers up This divisionall Lacedaemonian Countermarch makes semblance of falling on or charging the enemy both to Front and Rear and leaves all the ground whereon they stood transferring them into the ground before the Front and behind the Rear the ground or place of their former standing being vacant The motion is thus to bee performed The Rear halfe-Files are commanded to face to the Rear and then the Front halfe-Files passe through to the right placing themselves before their Leaders the second Rank before the first the third before the second the fourth before the third c. The Rear halfe-Files at the same instant passing through to the Rear placing themselves before their bringers up To reduce this motion into their former stations if you have not closed their distance you may face them about and so let them returne into their places or else by doing the same Countermarch over againe or to the contrary hand or any such like way will reduce them Note if you reduce them by another Countermarch you must first close their divisions File-Leaders face about Bringers up stand the rest passe through to the right and place your selves behind your File-Leaders and Bringers up This divisionall Macedonian Countermarch doth little differ from the last onely that turned the aspect outwards to the Front and Rear but this Countermarch turnes the aspect inwards toward the midst placing the best souldiers in the midst with a large lane or distance betwixt them through which any great Personage may bee conducted crosse the length of your Battell whereby the bravery of the souldiers may be seene This motion is thus to bee performed The first Rank or File-Leaders face about the last Rank stands the Rear halfe-Files face about and so the Front-division passe forwards and place themselves behind the File-Leaders and the Reare halfe-Files behinde their bringers up Note that when the Rear halfe-Files face about the last Rank which are the bringers up are still to keepe their standing The way to reduce this motion is to bee done either by the same word of Command which produced it or else by any of the precedent divisionall Countermarches Front halfe-Files interchange ground with the Reare passing through to the right This Bastard Countermarch of enterchanging ground is not truely derived from any one particular ground of Countermarch but rather participating of them all and yet in it selfe it differs from them all for whereas the other Countermarches of Files in division did bring their Front and Rear into the midst yet their Front half-Files continued still on the same part and their Rear halfe-Files did not alter into the place of the other But this contrary to any other of the divisionall Countermarches transfers the Front halfe-Files into the ground or place of the Rear halfe-Files and them into the contrary part bringing the File-Leaders and bringers up together into the midst For the performing this motion you must cause the Front halfe-Files to face about passing forwards to the right being led by the bringers up of the Front half-Files between the intervalls towards the Rear The Rear half-Files at the same instant in like manner marching forwards between the intervals on their right hands into the Front untill the Front-division have attained the place of the Rear and they contrariwise the place of the Front For the reducement of this countermarch do as much back again or if you would reduce it some other way you may first make an entire Countermarch of Files and then countermarch Front and Rear into the midst Under two Countermarches it cannot be reduced Countermarch your Flanks into the midst This Chorean Countermarch of the Flanks into the midst by bringing the outermost Files to be the innermost is thus to bee performed You must first command the whole body to face to the right and left hand by division The outermost Files by this facing becomming Ranks every man in the right-hand File being a Leader in his halfe Rank File-wise and so likewise in the left-hand File the same Then you are to countermarch the right Flank to the right and the left Flank to the lelft which you must alwaies observe to doe and your Flanks will meet just in the midst of your Battalia Lastly having faced them to their first Front the Countermarch is ended To reduce them you may either make use of the same Countermarch again or any of these following divisionall Countermarches of Flanks unlesse it bee that of enterchanging of ground Note that upon the Countermarching of Flanks into the midst the right Flank must alwaies observe to turne to the right hand and the left Flank to the left hand for if they should both turn off to the right they will meet wrong or if they turne off both to the left it will be as bad Outmost Files of each Flank face outward the rest passe through to the right and left placing your selves before your outside men This Lacedaemonian Countermarch of half Ranks or Flanks makes shew of charging the enemy with both Flanks but leaves a wast distance of ground unoccupied between the two outermost Files or midst of the Battell the way to performe this motion is after this manner First you must cause your right-hand File to face to the right and the left-hand File to the left the rest of the body faceth to the right and left the right Flank passing through to the right and placing themselves before their right-hand men the second File from the right begins the motion on the right Flank the left Flank in right manner passing through to the left and placing themselves before their left-hand men the second File accounting from the left begins the motion on the left Flank but you must note that the Files become Ranks with the facing For reducement if you will first face them to their proper Front you must command the two inmost Files to stand the rest are to passe through to the right and left-hand inwards and take their place or you may make use of a Chorean or a Macedonian Countermarch of Ranks by division and with a facing and closing their divisions they will bee in their first forme The out most File of each Flanke face inwards the rest passe through to the right and left placing your selves behinde your outside men This Macedonian Counter-March corespondes with the last onely it differs in turning the Aspct inwards whereas the former directed their Aspects outwards and it is thus performed The
outmost Files of each Flanke are to face inwards and the rest of the body are to face to the right the left are to face outward those of the right Flanke passing through the right and placing themselves behind their right hand men those of the left Flanke passing through to the left and placing themselves behind their left hand men the motion is to be begun by the second File from each Flank For the reducement of this Counter-March you must first face them to their first Front then commanding the two innermost Files to face outwards and the rest are to passe through to the right and left inward placing themselves behind their right and left hand men which being done the whole body will stand faced to the right and left outwards then being faced to their Leaders they are reduced into their first stations Or you may make use of the Counter March next before or of the next following or of any other divisionall Counter-March of Rankes which doe not interchange ground The outmost file of each flanke stand the rest passe through to the right and left place your selves on the outside of your right and left hand men This divisionall Bastard Counter-March produceth the same effect which the other two next before it wrought onely differing in the Aspect for the Lacedemonian turned the Aspect outwards the Macedonian turned the Aspect inwards and this keepes the aspect still directed the same way To performe this motion you must command the outmost File of each Flanke to stand the rest of the body are to face to the right and left outwards viz the right Flanke passing through to the right and the left Flanke to the left those of the right Flanke placing themselves on the outside of their right hand men in like manner those of the left Flanke are to place themselves on the outside of their left hand men It may be reduced eyther by any of the foregoing divisionall Counter-Marches of Rankes or else being faced to any of the Flankes then the Rankes become Files And by divisionall Counter-marches of Files you may reduce devisionall Counter-marches of Rankes or by Rankes Files onely you must observe some facings yet you may reduce this motion by commanding the two inmost Files to stand the rest are to face to the right and left inwards and so march into their places Interchange Flanks This exchanging of Flankes or Bastard Counter-march is differing from all the other divisionall Counter-marches of Rankes for this transferres the right Flanke into the place of the left and the left Flanke into the place of the right it is very proper to receive a sudden charge from the horse for so soone as they shall bee commanded to enterchange their Flankes they face to the right and left inwards and then the inmost Files of the Pikes begins the motion the rest of each Flanke following orderly likewise the Pikes are to port so soone as they begin to move and are to charge as they see occasion if neede bee the Pikes may charge at the foot the Musquetiers giving fire over their shoulders if the Pikes have too large a distance they may close at their owne pleasures as soone as they have past through For reducement you may interchange ground againe or otherwise you may Counter-march your Flankes into the middest and then an intire Counter-march eyther of Rankes or Files will reduce them And this shall suffice to finish this discourse of Counter-marches wishing every commander to be ready and well verst in all of them but principally to make use of the three first intire Counter-marches of Files as also the same of Rankes for those you cannot possibly omit in your drillings the rest you may dispense with all at your pleasure And having thus exercised your men in these motions of Counter-march the next things you are to teach them are wheelings and they are of two kinds as in the next Chapter shall more fully be demonstrated CHAP. LXXXVI How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in the motions of wheeling with the description of their kindes and uses with their severall words of command placed in the Margent WHeelings are of two kindes viz. wheelings Anguler and wheelings on the Center and these are eyther intire or divisionall The use of intire wheelings is to turne the Aspect of the front proper eyther to the right to the left or to the reere eyther for the gayning of the Wind Sunne or some such like advantages or to entertaine their enemy with their best Souldiers and for your better performing of these motions of wheelings you must first close both your Rankes and Files to their order which is three foote both in Ranke and File and likewise upon all wheelings you must be sure to observe your Leader and follow him keeping your due distance your Musquets are all eyther to be poyzed or shouldred your Pikes are to be advanced further observe that upon the exercise of the motions whether it be distance facings doublings or Counter-marches or wheelings the Musquetiers ought to bee all upon one and the same Posture eyther poyzed or shouldred and the Pikes in like manner eyther shouldred or advanced the words of command followes in the Margent and the directions how to performe the motions right against them Wherefore first you are to command them to Wheele your Battell to the right This Anguler wheeling transferres the Aspect or Countenance of the front proper into that part which was the right Flanke it also remove the Battallia from the ground whereon formerly it stood and placeth it on the part before the front the Hinge of the motion is the right corner man which hath the leading of the right hand File he with a gentle motion moveth to the right and every man the more remote his place is from the right Angle the swifter must be his motion because he is to go a greater circumstance For reducement wheele your Battallia to the left in the like manner as it was wheeled to the right but withall note that this will not bring you backe into the same ground you formerly stood on because it hath advanced you the length of your Battallia before the place of your first Front wherefore to reduce you into the same place you stood on first you must face your Battallia to the right and being so faced whele your Battell to the left which being performed face to the left and then they are compleately reduced to their first forme and station This also is an Angular wheeling and transferreth the Aspect of the Front proper towards the Reere it is performed after the same manner of the former onely the motion is twise as much wherefore observe the directions in the former Note the ground you formerly did possesse will bee twise the length of your Battallia to the left of your left Flanke For the reducing them as well to their first ground as their first aspect you must
left so to give them roome to march up betweene them in the meane time the next File having given fire wheeleth off in like manner marching up on the left hand of the File that fired last before and so successively for all the rest of the Files of Musquetiers all which are to give fire and wheele off as before placing them still on the left hand of the Files which last fired wherein still is to be noted that the Pikes are still to open to the right and left for the receiving the shot betweene them after they have discharged This firing as well as all the former firings in Flank may be led off by their bringers up as well as by their File-Leaders and then the reducement will be answerable The shot having all given fire the Pikes may seeke to defend themselves by charging at push of Pike or at foote if there bee any Bow Pikes they may gall the enemy in the meane time or the shot may play over the shoulders of the Pikes as they charge at the foote one ranke giving fire after another for the formost Ranke having fired may kneele downe and there make ready againe untill the next Ranke behind hath also fired c. For reducement and to bring the Musquetiers into both flankes againe as they were before wee discoursed of these severall firings in Flankes you must first command your Pikes to face inwards and your Musquetiers to the right and left outward and so to passe them through and interchange ground then facing them to their Leader they will be reduced as at first You must observe that all these firings in flanke may as well be performed to the left hand and with the same words onely the words of right must be changed for left and left for right The next discourse shall be of divisionall firings CHAP. XCII How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in divisionall firings viz. front and reere upon a March. Musquetiers give fire to the Front and Reere and flanke your Pikes YOu may please to remember how that in the last foregoing firings in the flanke the Shot were placed in the middest of the Pikes and now before we can give directions for these divisionall firings in Front and Reere we must observe the way of reducing the Musquetiers into the Front and Reere of the Pikes from the forme wherein they last stood To performe this you must command the halfe Files of Musquetiers to face about which done let the Pikes stand and the Musquetires march untill they are cleare both of Front and Reere of Pikes then let them stand and face to their Leader then command your Pikes to close their divisions and the shot will bee one halfe of them in Front and the other halfe in the Reere in a readinesse to performe this firing which wee are now about to discourse of The Pikes being shouldred and the words of command and direction given as in the Margent is specified the first Ranke in the Front presents and the last Ranke faceth about to the Reere and doth the like and so by giving fire together wheele off by division viz. the one halfe of the Ranke following after the right hand man of the same Ranke the other halfe after the left hand man who leads them close downe by the sides or flankes of the Musquetiers untill they come to the Pikes The first Ranke of Musquetiers in the Front are to ranke even with the first Ranke of Pikes and the last Ranke of Musquetiers in the Reere are to ranke even with the last Ranke of Pikes leaving a sufficient distance betwixt them and their Pikes for the other Musquetiers to march betweene And by the way take notice that he that was outermost when they gave fire must likewise be outermost when they have taken their places on the Flanks the first and last Ranke having fired and wheeled off the next rankes the body marching on three or foure steppes are in like manner to present and give fire wheeling off by division and passing betweene the divisions there placing themselves they of the Front division are to place them selves behind those which fired last before them and they of the Reere division before them which fired last in the Reere behind them and thus they may continue to give fire after the same manner untill they have all given fire over once then may the body make a stand and the Pikes charge to the Front and Reere if occasion be or if the Commander would continue his firing to the front and Reere still upon this same forme then let the shot of the Front place themselves after they have given fire behind the Musquetiers of their owne division and those of the Reere division are to place themseleves betwixt the Reere of Pikes and the shot of their owne division and so the body moving but slowly forwards they may continue the firing Musquetiers give fire to the Front and Reere placing your selves betweene your divisions In the precedent discourse after fire was given to Front and Reere the shot flanked the Pikes now from this forme I will indeavour to shew you a second way of firing to Front and Reere which may easily be effected if the Souldiers be well instructed To performe this firing take these words of command and directions placed in the Margent which will produce this forme of firing following The command being thus given the first Ranke presents to the front likewise the last Ranke of Musquetiers in the Reere faceth about and presents towards the Reere then both at one instant gives fire wheeling off by division and placing themselves betweene the Musquetiers of their division These namely which were of the Front halfe files falling into the Reere of their owne divisions and those of the Reere halfe files contrary wise falling before their halfe File-Leaders and ranking even with the halfe File-Leaders of the Pikes the next Ranke successively firing and wheeling off after the same manner Having fired once over they are reduced every man to his place The Officer must take some paines in teaching his Souldiers these two last firings otherwise they will seeme very difficult at first for them to performe CHAP. XCIII How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in giving fire to the Reere and right Flanke marching and likewise to both Flankes at once marching and also to both Flankes standing Musquetiers give fire to the right flanke and reere placing your selves betweene the Pikes and your owne divisions THis kinde of firing in Reere and Flanke upon a march is very serviceable at such times as the enemy shall skirmish with the body to annoy them in their passage in Flanke and Reere at one time And this kinde of firing you may performe two severall wayes as first your Musquetiers being placed in their ordinary place upon the Flankes of their Pikes The second and more securer way for the Pikes will be to draw the Musquetieres from that flanke which is
least in danger crosse the Reere of Pikemen The words of command and direction you shall finde in the Margent which produceth this latter forme of firing the words of command being given to fire to the Reere and right Flanke The outermost File of Musquetiers presents to the right and the last Ranke of Musquetiers presents to the Reere and so both give fire the rest of the body in the meane time marching a reasonable pace The right hand File on the right Flanke and the last Ranke of the Musquetiers in the Reere of the Pikes having fired the File facech to the left after their File Leader and so marcheth up betweene the Musquetiers of the same division and the Pikes the Rankes also wheeling off to the right and placing it selfe next after the Reere of Pikes and if you please you may make an Intervall or space betweene the Musquetiers in the Reere that so one part may wheele off to the right on the outside the other part wheele off to the right and march up betweene the Intervalls into their places The first File file upon the Flanke and the first Ranke in the Reere that presented having given fire and wheeled cleare of the body the next File and ranke is to present and give fire after the same manner wheeling off and taking their places as aforesaid and so successively the rest both Files and Rankes gives fire observing the same order and having given fire once twice or oftner over they are still reduced to the same they were before the firing began then draw your shot from the Reere to the left Flanke againe and they will be in their first forme and station Musquetiers give fire to both Flankes marching up betweene the Pikes and your owne divisions This kinde of firing to both Flankes marching may be upon some occasions serviceable and the shot after they have given fire may be eyther placed betweene their owne divisions and the Pikes or betweene the midst of the Pikes for their better securitie the shot being placed upon both the Flankes of the Pikes as we left them in the former discourse you must make use of the words of command and direction which is placed in the Margent which will produce this forme of firing The command being given the outmost file of each Flanke presents outward the rest of the body still continuing of the march the presented Files in the interim giving fire then facing after their proper File-Leaders who are to leade them up betweene the Musquetiers of their owne divisions and the Pikes in the time of their wheeling away the next two outermost Files are to present firing after the same manner and leading up as before the rest successively doing the like untill they have fired all over which brings them to their former places Advance your Pikes and stand face to the right and left Musquetiers give fire and Flanke your Pikes This kinde of firing to both Flankes upon a stand is produced by the words of command and directions placed in the Margent onely observe the Musquetiers are placed upon both Flankes of the body of Pikes as you left them in the precedent discourse The words of command being given the whole body both of Pikes and Shot are to face to the right and left hand and then the formost Rankes of Musquetiers which before the facing were the outermost Files are to present and give fire and then wheele off by division Ranking even with the formost Rankes of Pikes and leaving sufficient Intervalls for the rest of the Musquetiers to march betweene them and the Pikes The next Ranke presenting and firing after the same manner but not advancing forwards onely firing upon the same ground and wheeling off by division afterwards passing downe betweene the Intervalls and so ranking after their Leaders but you must observe by the way that they that were outermost when they gave fire are likewise to be so when they have taken their places All the Rankes of Musquetiers having fired and wheeled off as before the Pikes if neede be may charge and the Musquetiers giving fire over againe wheeling off outwards and placing themselves in the Reere of their owne divisious Having advanced your Pikes and faced your body to their first Front all your Musquetiers will be in Front and Reere and then if your halfe Files about and give fire after the same manner formerly discoursed of to the Front and Reere having faced them againe to their first Front they will be reduced as at first into their ordinary square CHAP. XCIIII How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in a Triple way of giving fire to the Front BY this triple firing to the Front the precedent forme of firing to both Flankes standing may be reduced for the Musquetiers of the Reere division opening to the right and left and sleeving upon the Flankes of the Pikes untill the Leaders of the Reere division who then were the halfe File-Leaders ranke even with the Front of Pikes and those in the front division are placed before the Pikes in the Front securely covering them from the enemy The word of command and directions that produceth this forme of firing is placed in the Margent Musquetiers of the Reere double your Front of Pikes by division The one halfe of the shot being placed before the front of the Pikes and the other halfe placed upon eyther flanke even with the first Ranke of Pikes and the word of command being given then the first Ranke of Musquetiers both of front and flankes presents to the front and gives fire wheeling off to the right and left by division The Musquetiers of the front division being wheeled off as aforesaid close by the flankes of their owne Musquetiers passe directly downe betweene the Intervals and place themselves even in Ranke behind the Musquetiers of the Reere division which are upon the flanks like wise the Musqueters that fired at the same time on the flankes wheele also off the right flanke to the right the left flanke to the left marching directly downe even with the reere Rankes of the Pikes and there place themselves againe even in ranke with the last ranke of Pikes this done the rest of the rankes successively give fire and doe the like every ranke taking his place after the ranke that fired last before them the other Rankes mooving one ranke forwarder the Musquetiers having given fire once over and falling off according to this direction they will all be reduced to the Flanke againe as at first View the figure in the next page The Figure of the Triple firing to the Front Front Serjeant Serjeant Serjeant Serjeant CHAP. XCV How a Commander shall exercise his Souldiers in giving fire three wayes at once viz. to the Front Reere and right Flanke IN performing this firing three wayes at once first you may suppose the Musquetiers to be placed upon eyther Flanke of the Pikes then by commanding the halfe Rankes of the left to double
roofe of the mouth and likewise the lippes with a kinde of Chirrupping doth much put a horse forwards in a gentle straine The Rod is a very necessary instrument if used aright viz. not to correct your Horse with it out of season but onely at the very instant he erreth for there is no such way as a good wand well labored upon a stubborne horse that is wresty The Bridle governes a Horse as the Helme doth the Ship and it is the principall instrument about him to bring him in subjection and to fit him for service wherefore divers things in it are considerable as the fashion of the bit sutable to the tendernesse of his mouth the Musrowle the Cheekes kurbles ports treaches and such like bitts according to the discretion of the Rider He most likewise know when to ride his Horse with a Bitte then with what manner of Bitte and how to use it at first putting on and in what part of his mouth it must rest Likewise how to hold the Raynes when even together and when one shorter than another and what measure he shall keepe with his hand in bearing hard or loose high or low when to use the false Raynes or Musrowle and when to leave them when and how to correct him with the Bridle and when to helpe him Many men spoile their Horse at first by using to sharpe a Bitte wherefore the safest way is to take a plaine Cannon with right cheekes and that hath beene formerly used placing it a little above his great teeth annointing it with a little honey mixt with salt which will make him leane to it and delight in it the better The Raynes you must hold in your left hand so as your little finger and Ring finger be betwixt the two Raynes and your thumbe may lye close upon the Raynes with the brane thereof turned towards the sadles pummell being destitute of a Rodde take the overplusse that hangeth downe by the middest in your right hand holding just by your right thigh In bearing your bridle you must observe three severall wayes first by bearing the Raynes low beneath the pummell of the saddle even with the witherâ— which is a ready way to correct him Secondly bearing your hand heigher towards the middest of the pommell thâ—â— maintaines him Thirdly bearing him just above the Pommell that is used in managing him to beare the hand higher is by sundry Authors disallowed first in regard it weâ—â—ieth the arme secondly if neede require you have not so much power to stoppe your Horse when you would Thirdly being upon Service in the field against your enemy the bearing of your hand so high would be a trouble unto your defence and a commodity to your enemie for thereby he may easily cut your Raynes in sunder Lastly you can have no steady hand upon your horse for any continnance by meanes whereof he can never rayne well nor port his head steedy unlesse you beare your hand low remembring when you turne your horse neither to draw your armes nor hands more on the one side than the other but keepe it even with the horses crest and onely to turne your fist a little inward or outwards to signifie unto him what hand you would have him turne unto for the helpe of the caulfe and heele in riding the Ring you must consider divers Circumstances as first a single stroake of the contrary legge to the side you intend to turne upon as for example if you would have him turne on the right side then you must touch him with your left legge if on the left hand then with your right legge Secondly a double stroake striking him with both your legges together with an even stroake and this is to make him thrust forwards Thirdly the closing stroake as for example when you would have your horse close his turne well as namely to the right hand then in his turning touch him with your left legge in the spurring place and with your right legge immediatly after more backwards towards his flanke Fourthly to strike with both heeles one after the other foure or five times serves for a correction when your horse transgresseth The use of the Stirâ—op availeth much in helping a young horse in his beginning for if he carries his head or necke a wry or hang on one side more than another by striking him with the Stirrop under the shoulder on the contrary side will cause him to amend his fault The use of the Spurre is to helpe when the horse hath beene first backt halfe a score times and when you first use them let it be in a new fallow field which lyes upon stetches and then tro the Ring and when you put spurres to him forget not to helpe him with your voyce or lippes How and when to use the spurre you may observe what is before spoken of the calfe and heele CHAP. CIV Further Instructions concerning the ordering and riding of a Horse for Service with the use of the Ring NOw let us proceede further to the instructing of horses and fitting them for the imployment of warre wherein the Rider must use great diligence in making him tread loftily to keepe one path and to trot cleane which is one of the chiefest points then to goe softly to runne or to gallope Secondly you must teach him to be light at stoppe Thirdly to advance or rise up with his fore legges Fourthly to turne readily upon both hands with single turne or double turne Fiftly to make a sure and ready mannage Sixthly to passe a swift carriere for which purpose you must take a new fallowed land with deepe forrowes to make him lift up his feete then trotting him right out about the length of a hundred paces crosse the Ridges then ride him a good way up one of the furrowes in such part of the land as will admitte space enough Then beginne to turne on the right hand making him easily treade out a round circle twise together containing twenty five or thirty paces and being come about at the second time to the place you began then tread out the like circle Ring on the left hand after twise going about it then beginne againe on the right hand and so shift from Ring to Ring treading each of them twice about untill you have gone about the left Ring foure times and the right Ring sixe times this being performed trot him right out in the same furrow where he began first the length of thirty paces And then pulling in your Bridle hand stoppe him and stay a pretty while together causing him to stand still keeping his head and body right in the furrow this being performed then turne him softly on the right hand and being come round againe in to the same path trot him backe againe into the place from whence first he came then alight off his backe coying and encouraging him this you must performe eight dayes
goe out of the right ring at the second turne for to enter into the left ring and would follow still the right hand as you must doe then you shall lacke a good deals of closing the second turne as you may perceive by this last figure in the right ring where the place is marked that you should goe out of for to enter into the left wing with the letter A. and the place of closing your turne with the letter B. betwixt which two letters is contained the portion of a Circle which will be wanting wherefore of necessity you must goe thrice about to the intent the second turne may be fully ended as for any overplusse it makes no matter To this last ring is also added a middle furrow with two places of stoppings and turnings meete to mannage a horse trotting him there in the length of a good Cariere and having made him stoppe and advance make much of him and stay a good while and untill he hath mended his fault of not turning which way you would have him you must with your bridle hand shorten one Rayne of that side he desires he should turne upon then having a foote man standing against him with a sticke in his hand and as you move your fist to turne your horse on that side he is unwilling to turne upon at that same instant shall strike him upon the nose not leaving him untill he turnes Likewise making use of his voyce to provoke him then being turned and trotted the uppermost ring round you must returne backe in the same furrow againe even hard to the second little ring and there likewise let a man stand as before is shewed to strike him upon the stop and cause him to turne upon the right hand which hand a horse must alwayes first turne upon but if he be harder to turne on the left hand than on the right then begin in first with the left Ring observing the order and directions before exprest Likewise with a Cord fastned to the middle eye of the bit on the side he will not turne upon and tye the other end unto the Sursingle on the same side strayning it pritty hard to make him bow his necke thus chasing him round in the Circle divers times unloosen the cord and hold it in that hand which is next the side he will not turne upon in stead of a false rayne then trot him forth the length of twenty or thirty paces and there stop where one must stand with a rod threatning him and if neede be beating him upon the contrary side to cause him to turne and the rider strayning the cord a little will make him performe it Then trot him backe and cause him to performe the like using the same meanes a fore prescribed CHAP. CV How to manage a Horse for Service foure kindes of wayes IN this next progresse we are to observe foure kindes of managing a Horse to fit him for service First when you make your Horse double his turnes Secondly when you gallop the field making him wave in and out as is used in single skirmish Thirdly when you make him leape a loft fetching divers saltes or curveates but this is not so proper to teach to a horse for service Fourthly when you pace trot and gallop him too and fro in one path the length of twenty or thirty paces turning him at each end thereof either with single turne whole turne or double turne this is termed manage and in this word there is three things observable as first the manage with halfe rest that is to cause your horse at the end of every managing path to stop and then to advance twise together and at the second bound to turne whereby you rest one bound The manage with the whole râ—st is when you turne him at the third bound and so you rest two bounds the managing without rest is when you turne him immediately upon the stop without any tarriance at all which is most in use with us Note when your Horse turneth upon the right Hand turne you your left shoulder towards his left eare keeping your body upright in the Saddle so that the raynes of your backe may directly answere the ridg-bone of the horses backe never the lesse when you feele him to bend his hinder houghs then leane you somewhat backewards for that will make him close his turne the more roundly and swiftly likewise when he turnes on the left hand accompany him with your right shoulder towards his right eare observing as before Your horse being perfect in all points before mentioned you shall ride him into some plaine sandy way voyde of all occasions of stumbling and to acquaint him with the way pace him faire and softly the length of a good Carriere which must be measured out according to the strength and quality of the horse At the end of the Carriere path let your Horse stop and advance and at the second bound turne him faire and softly upon the right hand and so stay a little while then suddenly with a lively voyce crying hay hay put him forwards with both Spurres at once forcing him to runne all the path as swift as possibly may be just up to the end to the intent he may stop on his buttockes this being performed turne him upon the left hand and pace him forth faire and softly unto the other end of the Carriere path and there stop him and turne him againe upon the right hand as you did before and so leave him Note there is no better way to bring a horse to this than by using him to tread the ring with a very swift trot which will make him nimble of his legges and so swift and stayed of head that comming afterwards to be runne it shall bee easie to him to performe this was observed by that famous Rider Cola Pagano who would never runne his horse untill he saw him wel stayed of head and well broken for although a horse may be halfe a yeare in breaking yet in eight dayes he may be taught to runne and stoppe in a most perfect manner Likewise to teach your horse to goe side wayes it being a thing of much consequence in the wars you must performe it thus as namely you desire to have him goe side longs towards the left hand you must beare your bridle even and steady and clap your right legge close to his belly and hold it there still making him feele the spurre on the right side if he moveth his body that way you desire then suddenly pull away your legge from thence and make much of him that being performed make him doe as much with your left legge and leaving to molest him on either side untill he understands your meaning thus with a little exercise so soone as he shall feele you stay your bridle hand and touch him with your legge or spurres on the contrary side he will goe side wayes so much or
so little as you will have him Likewise to make him keepe his head alwayes towards the Enemie being in fight at single duell you must make him goe sidewayes with his hinde part onely and his fore part stand party steady to performe this you must turne your bridle hand somewhat on that side you touch him likewise you must helpe him with your rod by striking him therewith on the contrary flanke behinde Further take notice the carriage of your Horses head is a matter of no small consequence his forehead being the strongest part of his head his snought or mussell the weakest and tendrest the more he thrusteth out his mussell the more he distendeth his backe and beareth the lesse force in his actions and it is impossible hee should ever make good Manage observe time keepe order or continue in breath any space of time together whereas by bringing in his mussell and extending his forehead he uniteth his force together and gathereth his strength in his backe whereby he becommeth more nimble in his actions Secondly he shall see his way the better and be in lesse danger of falling in running and if he should chance to fall he is the abler to rise speedily Thirdly in his performances against an enemie he shall be able to execute or suffer more with his forehead than can be expected from his Mussell being the tendrest part of him Fourthly he cannot be so apt to be urged right forwards upon a sudden as otherwise he might doe Lastly the Horse that Raynes well and bringeth in his head shall alwayes bee better stayed both of head and necke and have a better mouth than otherwise Wherefore if your horse will not bring in his head at any time when you stop him with your bridle hand then holding your hand still at that stay correct him sometimes with your right Spurre and sometime with your left and sometimes with both your spurres at once and at the selfe same instant thrust him with your right hand upon the necke towards his eares to force him to bring in his head but if he will not yeeld with that then by pulling your bridle towards you cause him to goe backe some three paces and then to returne faire and softly to his first place this being put in action divers times together and every time he thrusteth out his nose correct him as before is shewed Moreover if your horse by wresty so as he cannot be put forwards then let one take a Cat tyed by the tayle to a long pole and when he goes backewards thrust the Cat towards his stones where she may claw him and forget not to threaten your horse with a terrible Noyse or otherwise take a Hedgehog and tye him streight by one of his feete to the inside of the horses tayle so that he may squeake and pricke him Likewise if your horse be fearefull and shie so that he is afrayd of every thing he sees you must take heede that in no wise you correct him for it least he should take the thing he beholdeth and shunneth to be the cause of his chastisements and so become more fearefull than before but rather stay a while and doe not force him forwards but by gentle meanes make him by little and little aproach neere the thing he feares which if he performes cherish him with your speech and hand and you shall set by standing still sometimes to looke on it and sometimes by going towards the object he feares he will be so acquainted therewith as he will not feare it and when he commeth at it let him gaze and smell on it a good while to the intent he may be more assured thereof Further to embolden your horse to make him hardy in the warres you must use to incounter upon a soft pace or trot with another horse man face to face in one path but beware they dosâ—e not one the other but rather let the adverse horse bee compelled backe a few steps which will harty the other or if you please you may incounter one with the other riding in two sundry pathes the one comming cheeke by cheeke within a foote of the other the pathes being both of a just length each of them containing about tenne paces to the intent in managing your horse too and fro upon a trot you comming one towards another from two contrary ends may both meete right in the midst of your course passing one by another which you cannot chuse but doe if you keepe true time as well in their trotting as in their â—urning also not forgetting upon what hand soever the one turneth the other must doe the same and in the selfe same instant Moreover when you trot the Ring you may embolden your horse by entring both together into the Right Ring then turning your horse tayle to tayle follow you the right hand and let him follow the left in the same Ring the ring path being so inlarged that at your meeting in ryding it about you may not touch one the other Having ridden thus about twise you may enter the left ring and doe as before was shewed CHAP. CVI. How to make a Horse endure Pike Sword Gunshot Drumme and the like IN this Chapter we are to deale with the difficultest matter of all and that is now to make a Horse abide Pike Gunshot Sword Drumme and the clattering of Armour or to runne upon any hazard to performe this you must acquaint him throughly with the rod or truntion so as he may not feare it sometimes coying him therewith upon the Necke and by holding the point right forth by his eye or betwixt his eares so as it may bee alwayes in his sight and being throughly assured of the rod then appoint a foote man having a staffe in his hand or pike to stand in your way as you should passe and as you aproach let the footeman by little and little make signes seeming to strike your horse upon the head then encourage your horse to goe on towards the footeman who at the same instant must retreate backe as if he would flee in doing this you shall much imbolden him Likewise to make him abide the sword a footeman must performe it in the same manner as he did with the Pike but be ware he strikes him not After this cause half a dozen footemen or more to stand in his way making a greâ—t shouting and noyse threatning him with their loude voyces against whom you must incourage him to goe forwards first with a soft pace secondly with a trot thirdly with a gallop at which time let the footemen retreate fayning to runne away also let them threaten them with their staves Pikes or swords To make him dure Gunshot Drumme or clattering of Armour or any hideous noyse whatsoever let your horse goe hard by another horse or rather betwixt two other horses that are accustomed to the like noyse and are not afrayd and as you ride together cause
Captaine to performe it shall prove very convenient to take some extraordinary paines in making every File-Leaders most perfect in their Postures and Motions and then every particular File-Leader shall teach and instruct the residue of his File in the same manner from whence will arise such an emulation betweene each File who shall be most expert and make the best performances that in a short space they will transcend in their Millitary discipline These things being thus performed and the Troope drawne in Battallia as beforâ— is deciphered then the Commander at his ease and pleasure may exercise them in grosse in this Subsequent forme CHAP. CXVI The Description of the Postures for the Cavalry which every Officer is to teach his Souldiers before they can be fit for Service FOrmerly I have shewed you how to backe your Horse to use his Raines to ride him in the best and aprovedst way for Service now it remaines before you exercise them in their Motions to shew them first their postures and premising that a Horseman cannot fit himselfe for exercise or to execute any Service unlesse he be first mounted on horsebacke compleately armed as formerly is taught therefore I will omit those things and begin with the first posture according to the Netherlandish rules the words of command follow viz. 1. Vncap your Pistols This posture is performed by turning downe the Caps of the Pistoll cases with your right hand 2. Draw forth your Pistoll You are to draw your Pistoll out of the case with your right hand the left Pistoll first in regard it is most trouble some for the right hand to draw and at first there is most time to performe it being drawne mount the Muzzell of it 3. Order your Pistoll You are to sinke your Pistoll into your Bridle hand and instantly remove your right hand towards the midst of it and then rest the But end upon the right thigh 4. Span your Pistoll This is performed by sinking the Pistoll into his Bridle hand and taking the Spanner in his right hand to put it upon the Axeltree and winding about the wheele till it sticke and then to returne the Spanner to his place which most usually'st hanges about their neckes in a silken string or plac't in the case 5. Prime your Pan. Your Pistoll being held in your Bridle hand not farre above the locke you are to take your priming boxe in your right hand and pressing the spring with your fore finger to open the boxe to put powder into the Pan. 6 Shut your Pan. You are to presse in your Pan pin with your right thumbe whereby it will easily close 7. Cast about your Pistoll You are to assume the Pistoll in your bridle hand and casting it about against the left side erecting the mouth of it 8. Gage your Flaske You are to take the flaske into your right hand and with your fore finger pull backe the Spring and turning the Mouth of the Flaske downeward you are to let goe the Spring 9. Lade your Pistoll Having gaged your Flaske as in the former posture you are to presse downe the Spring which openeth the Flaske with your fore finger then placing the mouth of it in your Pistoll give it a shogge to cause the powder to proceed 10. Draw out your Rammer You are to draw out your Gunsticke with your right hand turned and to shorten the great end of it against your brest whereby you may the easier put it to the mouth of your peece for to ramme it 11. Lade with Bullet and Ramme home Holding your Rammer head in your right hand as before you are to take the Bullet out of your mouth with your Thumbe and fore finger and so put it into the mouth of the Pistoll and immediately ramme it home 12. Returne your Rammer You are to draw forth your Rammer with your right hand turned and shortning it against your brest as before returne it to it's place 13. Pull downe your Cocke You are to bring backe the Pistoll with your Bridle hand towards your right side and placing the Butt end upon your right thigh you may pull downe the Cocke 14. Recover your Pistoll You are to take your Pistoll in his due place with your right hand bearing up the Muzzell 15. Present and give fire Having your Pistoll in your right hand with your finger upon the tricker you are to incline the Muzzell with a steady eye towards the Marke not suddenly but by degrees according to the distance you ride before a necessity of discharging shall be you are not to give fire directly forwards the horses head but in a diameter line by his right side turning his right hand so as the locke of the Pistoll may bee upward and having a true view of the Marke draw the tricker and let flye 16. Returne your Pistoll You are to returne the Pistoll into the Case and speedily draw out your other Pistoll if occasion commands making the same performances as before 17. Bend your Cocke Now in regard our English Pistolls differ from the firelocke Pistoll I will briefely touch two or three postures that are Heterogenâ—all to the former And as before is taught the holding of your Pistoll in your bridle hand now to performe this posture you are to place your two fore fingers of your right hand upon the vice pin that skâ—ues in the stone and by it to draw up the Cocke 18. Guard your Cocke With your Right hand you are to pull downe the backe locke and then be carefull in securing the Cocke from striking downe 19. Order your Hammer You are gently to draw downe your steâ—ele upon the Pan with your right hand provided alwayes there be a good flint and that it be evenly measured least it under or over reacheth which may hazard the firing 20. Free your Cocke You are to thrust backe your backe locke with your thumbe and fore finger of your right hand so as the Cocke may be let downe without danger of staying it from giving fire CHAP. CXVII Of the exercising of the Harquebuz and Carabine with the Postures to them belonging and diuers breefe rules appertaining to the use of them as also to Cuirassiers HAving discourst of the managing of the Pistoll in his severall postures it will seeme convenient here by the way to observe some briefe notes concerning the use and managing both of Pistols Harquebuzes and Carabines and then onely name the Postures belonging to the Harquebuz and Carabine that goe with Snaphanes The quickest and most compendious way of charging either the Pistols belonging to the Cuirassiers or other Peeces of what kinde soever is by using of Cazrouches which are made of white paper after this manner following First you are to have a former of wood of the just widenesse of your Pistols bore about this you are to winde a Paper which shall containe the true charge of powder and Bullet the ends must be tyed with a thred and in the midst betwixt the
Carabines as the Generall shall thinke best There must likewise be two other grand battells ordered the first is to be plac'd a hundred paces before the Front of the maine battell but not so forwards as the forlorne hopes by little more than halfe the distance these are to consist of Harquebuzires and Carabines and are to be ordered in competent Battalias which shall be neither too great nor too small but so as they may charge in sundry bodies the better to releeve one the other betweene each Battallia there must be certaine Files of Musquetiers drawne up in an even Front with them who shall give fire upon the enemies horse to disorder their Rankes as they shall approach to charge your Troopes these shotiupon occasion may retreate and fall in betwixt the distances of the maine Battell which are to advance forward to re scue the former Troopes being over charged The third battell which is called the Battell of Sucker is to be plac'd a good distance behinde the maine Battell and these ought to be all or the greatest part of them Cuirassiers and ordered in great Battalias then the Harquebuziers they are to be marshalled and disposed into divers Compertments or Divisions so that the Battalias of the maine battell may retreate betwixt them or being routed they may shelter themselves behinde them and reunite themselves againe and joyne with them in a desperate charge for this is the last refuge unlesse you draw out certaine Pikes to relieve them and unlesse your strength in horse doe much exceede the Enemies it will be to your disadvantage to strive to charge the Enemies foote Troopes unlesse there should be an unexpected advantage offered untill such time as you have either routed the Enemies horse or put them to flight and then you are to bend your full strength to assault them upon all quarters with your Harquebuziers and Carabines first and then seconded by your Cuirassires who are to presse in amongst the Enemy and breake their rankes but in the meane time they must leave a sleeve of horse upon each flanke of the wings of the foote Troopes to defend them from the Enemies charge who will adventure to doe it when they see them left naked If your Cavalry are by some accident to fight onely against some certaine foote Troopes of the enemies you must make choise of plaine fieldings as a place most advantagious for that purpose Likewise you must use all celerity and diligence to charge them before they can order themselves in Battell and upon these advantages you may venture although they should be farre more potent than your selfe But being drawne into battell expecting your assault and your forces being equall in power then you must command out certaine Troopes of Harquebuziers or Dragoones if you have any and with these you must charge them upon the Front Flankes and Reares these are to be seconded by certaine small Battalias of Cuirassiers who shall take the opportunity to fall upon such disorders as the Harquebuziers have caused If the Enemy have possest themselves in some place of advantage then the Cavalry are not to charge them although your forces were superiour in strength to them If it should so happen that one company of Cuirassirs should be to fight against another if the enemy doth charge you in full carriere your safest way is to devide your Troope by halfe rankes opening a large distance to the right and left hand so as the Enemy may passe through then facing your Troope inwards you are to charge them upon the Flankes you are to performe the like if you have a Battalia made of two Troopes and being charged by the Enemy they are to divide themselves as before but keepe each Troope whole and entire or you may cause three or foure files of each of your wings to advance forward on the sudden and to charge the enemie upon the Flankes and to equall your Enemies Front you may cause the halfe Files of your Body to double your Front to the right and left hand by divisions Note the Harpuebuziers are to give fire by rankes the first ranke having given fire is to wheele off to the left hand unlesse the ground will not permit it but that of necessity you must performe it to the right making ready and falling into the Reare the second ranke is to give fire upon the wheeling away of the first and so the rest successively The advantages which the Cavalry may take against the Enemy when hee shall thinke himselfe secure in his quarters in regard of his Potencie and the undervalluing of his adversaries disability may be very great for many times weake forces have atchieved great victories Wherefore there must first be gained true intelligence how the Enemy hath disposed his Troopes and also certaine knowledge of the situation of the Country Place or Village they are quartered in and how and in what places hee hath plac'd his Guards and set out his Sentinells An Enemies Quarters for the most part are ever strongest and best watch kept upon those passages which leades towards a suspected Enemy In this case you are to make use of the night fetching a compasse about by some by-wayes so that you may charge them in the Reare or Flankes of their Quarters before they be aware of you where you shall be most sure to finde them most negligent in those parts Every Horsman is to take up behinde him a Musquetire whose service will be excellent either to place behinde upon some passage of advantage to rescue your Troopes if they should be put to a retreate or to assist the horse in their discharge against the Enemy in his Quarters as I shall afterwards specifie Now let us presuppose that your Troopes are arrived neere the Enemies quarters every man having the Watch-word given him and also some distinction or marke of white whereby they my be knowne from the Enemy in the darke night and having laid a sufficient guard of Musquetires to make your retreate safe the next thing to be considered of is how you may best hinder the Enemy from uniting their Troopes into a body wherefore some few Musquetires or Firelocks are to be sent some by-way where secretly they must get betwixt the Guard and the Sentinells to cut off their retreate the residue of the Musquetires are to creepe to the Allarme place and there to place themselves neere the passage where the Enemy is to enter with his Troopes and having the advantage of some Hedges Bankes or pales for to hide and secure them from the Horse these shot shall give fire upon the Enemy as they come scattering into the Alarme place In the meane time one of your Troypes of Harquebuziers or Carabines shall advance secretly and without noise towards the Sentinell and suddenly surprise him by the helpe of the shot that lies behinde him then speedily they are to fall upon the guard and surprise them before
men of quality and that the originall proceeds from discontents and that they have drawne a strong party to side with them whereby the Lawes of the Field cannot take place without running a hazard to the whole Army then the best way is to deale mildly with them using faire tearmes and promises willingly condescending to such requests as shall bee by them desired dealing privately with some particular men and sometimes with many together and eft-soone filling them with promises and hopes using pensive yet vehement words which may induce them to beleeve that they proceed not from any dissembling intents and so by degrees prevaile to cut off the principall heads and then the rest of the body will soone fall off of it selfe CHAP. CLXXXVII A Policy used by King William to Malcolme King of Scotland who had invaded this Land thinking to gaine his peace hee would have yeelded to any Conditions KIng William the Second having weakened his Army by his great Wars in France Malcolme King of Scotland perceiving what broyles and Contentions this poore King was hemmed in withall tooke his opportunity to make use of it and with his Army invades England considering the Premisses he thought to bring King William to what tearmes of Peace he should desire and that in regard of his great losses hee would be very moderate in demanding any Articles from the King of Scotland this Project being brought to the upshot King William shewed himselfe more resolute then ever â—efore in his prosperity affirming in high tearmes that hee scorned to yeeld to any difficulties Whereupon Malcolme conjecturing that such a high confidence could not bee without good grounds he consented to any Condition that King William did desire CHAP. CLXXXVIII Politique Observations in a Confederate Warre THat Army which intends to invade an Enemy the strength whereof consists of divers Confederates the Service which is to be expected must be speedily done for in a short time such an Army will fall into divers inconveniences as either a dissipation and dissolvement or else fall into a confusion in regard of great difficulties that will arise and Straites that they must bee exposed unto especially being farre remote from succour and releefe or hardly to be releeved whereas the Enemy being in his owne Land at hand may have speedy supplyes both of Men and Amunition as by the example of Robert Duke of Normandy eldest Brother to King William who with divers other Princes of Europe had surprized Ierusalem and divers other Cities yet soone â—ell at oddes and were dissipated CHAP. CLXXXIX A policie used by the Governour of Croizon to make his cowardly Soldiers fight CRoyzon being besieged by Generall Norrice the Governour of the Fort seeing his Souldiers faint in the defence thereof wherfore to prevent it all that did play the Cowards or that did speake of yeelding hee caused to bee chained to a post set in some breach with his weapons in his hand to defend himselfe and it By this device the rest of their fellow Souldiers would rather venture their persons honourably then to be compelled with a greater danger dishonourably CHAP. CXC A Policie used by Generals to beguile hunger in a straight besieged Towne THe People of Lydia were the first that invented Games as Dice Cardes Chesse and the like necessity and hunger forcing them unto it according to that of Persius Artis Magister ingenijque Largitor venter For being sorely vext with famine in the time of Atis one of the Progenitors of Omphale they used every second day by playing at these Games to beguile their hungry bellies thus for 22 yeares they continued playing and eating by turnes CHAP. CXC A politique Stratagem practised by the Governour of Berghen against the Prince of Parma's Forces by which he destroyed divers of them and preserved the Towne from surprizing THe Prince of Parma bringing a mighty Army before Berghen-opzome the Governour made choyce of two English men who in former time had beene the Dukes prisoners to steale to the Dukes Campe to let him understand that the strength of the Towne was most English and that for divers discontents they were ready to mutinie and that if it pleased him hee could infect some chiefe Captaines that should command the principall Guards to give way for his entrance into the Towne and that the Governour should not mistrust any treachery they would onely shoot pouder at them in their Ordnance and Musquets without Bullets and that at such a night hee should not faile of his enterprise and for the better assurance one of those English-men was to be left in hostage to be slaine if they did not really effect it whereupon the Prince gave them large gifts with great promises of future preferment The signe being given that the Duke should come with his Army the English Hostage was bound hand and foot and for their better security was carried in the Front of the Army that if any treason should be he might be the first should suffer so finding the Ports open and the Pieces discharged onely with powder made them come flocking upon the Bridge but so soone as the formost was entred with the English Gentleman that was their Hostage the Lord Willoughby let downe the Port-cullisses and being ready with the whole strength of the Towne gave them such a Volley both of great and small Shot that they slew and drowned many hundreds This Project caused Parma to raise his Siege from before Berghen CHAP. CXCII A Politique Observation for a Generall if he feares the strength of his Enemies Battell to march from him by night OVr famous Generals used this Observation in their Warres Si pauci necessario cum multitudine pugnare cogantur consilium est noctis tempore Bellifortâ—â—â—â—tentare CHAP. CXCIII A Politique Stratagem whereby the King of Naples regained the possession of a City and Castle formerly lost to the King of France FErand King of Naples having lost his Kingdome to the King of France he understood the King of France had fought a great Battell with the Venetians and Millaâ—â—ys at Fernon conjectured with himselfe how by a wile to repossesse himselfe of the Castle in the City of Naples to which end having got some few Troopes in armes march'd towards the Citie and sent a Nuntio to the Governour to let him understand that their King was slaine and the Army discomfited and if they would yeild up the possession of the Castle they should have good quarter but if they did withstand this faire proâ—â—er they should expect nothing but utter confusion whereupon they being at a stand and hearing of a truth that such a Battell was fought but no certaine newes of the event made them give credit to the King of Naples his report and fearing the worst yeelded the City and Castle which occasioned the losse of the Realme CHAP. CXCIV A Politike Stratagem used by Nauplius the Father of Palamedes whereby he destroyed 200 of the Graecians ships as they came for the Island
the other but it must bee more Spirall towards the end or bottome and must have either a large Clocke or Sucker fastened in it also the brim of this must bee larger then that of the uppermost and have two holes made about the middest on each side one bore then two holes in the Table on each side of the brasse one answerable unto the holes of the brim of the lower brasse through which holes put the two Rods of the Iron hanged to the Sweepe and rivet them strongly into the holes of the lower brasse place this Engine in water and by moving the Sweepe up and downe it will with great vigor cast the water on high CHAP. CCLXVIII How to make water at the foot of a Mountaine to ascend to the top of it and so to descend on the other side for the furnishing of Garrisons TO this there must be a Pipe of Leade which may come from the Fountaine A to the top of the Mountaine B and so to descend on the other side a little lower than the fountaine as at C then make a hole in the Pipe at the top of the Mountaine B and stoppe the end of the Pipe at A and C and fill this Pipe at B with water and close it very carefully at B that no ayre get in at the hole B then unstop the end at A and at C then will the water runne perpetually up the Hill and descend on the otherside this is of great consequence to furnish Villages CHAP. CCLXIX How to make a Scaling Ladder of Cords which may be carried in a Souldiers Pocket by which a Wall Castle or Towne may be scaled THis Engine is of excellent use in the Warres for the speedy surprising of Townes you must first take two pulleyes A and D unto that of A there must be fastened a strong Hooke or Crampe of iron as B and at D let there be fastened a Staffe of a foot and a halfe long as F then at the pulley A place a hand of Iron as E to which tye a Cord of halfe an inch thicke eyther of silke or pure hempe then strive to make fast the pulley A by the helpe of the Crampe-iron B to the place that you intend to scale and the staffe F being fastened at the pulley D put it betweene your legges as if you would sit upon it then holding the Cord G in your hand you may guide your selfe to the place required CHAP. CCLXX. Of Scaling-Ladders framed of Wood and how they are to be used in the Warres THis Instrument for the scaling of a Wall is to be made of light Wood and about nine or ten foot long scaled like a Ladder the upper end of the sides have Hookes fastned unto them to hang somewhat shelving that the Souldiers may the easier ascend if the Wall be higher then there may be two of these Ladders hooked together some are made with joynts to open longer or shorter as occasion shall be but for the most part the Scaling-Ladders are made according to the height of the Walles that are to bee scaled these are carried by Wagon or by Water and are to be hung upon the Walles or Ports very secretly for feare of discovery View the figure CHAP. CCLXXI. The use of Gabions and Baskets for the defence of the Cannoniers and Musquetiers THese kind of Instruments were invented for the securitie both of the Cannoniers and also of the Musquetiers the manner of framing them is common to all Basket-makers the Gabion or great Basket is some foure foot Diameter and made of course roâ—â—es of Osiers or water Sallowes and foure or five foot high They are to be first placed where they should be used as a Barricado against the great Shot and then they must be filled with good earth well rammed there is many times three or foure set one before the other to bury the shot of the Cannon and likewise one aâ—â—op of another to shelter both the Men and Artillery The same small Baskets are likewise made of rods and two foot or two foot and a halfe Diameter and about the same height these are to be filled with good earth and to bee placed upon the Partapets and â—rest workes one close by another for the Musquetiers to discharge betweene them and to shelter them from the Enemies Bullets these are likewise many times set double there must be a care no stones be amongst the earth if Baskets should be wanting then there must be Sacks filled as before is shewed View the Figures CHAP. CCLXXII The use of Cru-wagons and small Carts with the fashion of them THese Instruments were invented to convey Earth out of Moats and to carry it upon workes those Wheele-barrowes that are to be driven up by the strength of one man are made very small and light they are used chiefly in the foundation of a worke before it growes too steepe for the Horse to clyme up there are shelving places left for the Wagons to bee drivven up and Bordes layd to keepe the wheeles from sinking into the eath The Figure followes CHAP. CCLXXIII The use of the Powder-pots in a pitcht Battell to mischiefe and breake the Enemies Rankes with the Description of the forme of them THese Engines are of use to discomfit an Enemy in a pitcht Battell the manner of framing them is according to this following Description there must bee 〈…〉 prepared either of Earth or of timed Lattin the Mouths of them are to be foure inches Diameter and the height of them sixe on either side of these is a hollow quill formed of Earth or sodred of Lattin about the bignesse of a Tobacco-pipe these are to goe from the toppe of these Pottes just to the bottome to convey the the traine of Powder to the Touch-hole at the bottome Vpon the toppe of this Quill is a round knob to bee plac'd hollow about the bignesse of the halfe shell of a Walnut this is to put the end of a Reed or pipe made of Tinne to convey the traines of Powder from one Pot to the other Further a certaine number of these Pots are to have upon all foure sides Pipes as before is shewed these are to be placed both at each end of the Stratagem and in two or three places in the middest from these the fire is immediatly to be given that the fire may more speedily be spread to every ranke of these Pots and indeed if they were all made after this manner to convey fire from all foure parts it would bee more speedier and better onely the traines would bee a little the more trouble to lay from one to the other These Pots are to be set sixe foot asunder every way square or further as occasion shall offer These Pots being filled halfe full of Powder there is a peece of thinne Borde to bee fitted to the diameter of the Pot and put downe close to the Powder upon this Borde are Pible-stones to be placed to fill up the
two severall demonstrations The first shall be as before is spoken of when the Rear of the Camp is secured by some great River or Arme of the Sea The second a square incampment upon the Champion where no naturall strength can afford us help For the first of these two when the place affords such naturall strength that the Rear of the Army may be secured by some River or Arme of the Sea provided alwayes that the enemy cannot come with shipping to annoy you the Front of this Camp must be towards the enemy where a certain Brest-work must bee raised four or five foot high upon the most eminent ground and about the same breadth the ditch about six foot broad and four foot deep this must run if the ground will give leave with some nooks and angles the better to flanker some part of this intrenchment as by the following figure you may perceive marked A. From this Brest-work inwards into the Camp must bee a space left sixty or eighty Paces broad if the conveniency of the ground will give way for the Souldiers to draw into Battalia or to Parado in marked O. In the next place marked B. every Captain and Colonell are to have their Hutes or Tents stand in an even Line viz. every Colonell before the head of his own Company being quartered upon the right hand of his Regiment and each Captain successively according to their antiquities In the next place there is a space eight paces broad marked with the letter C. this is for the chief street and runs in an even line from one side of the Quarter to the other From this chief street downwards towards the Rear of the Quarters are the inferiour Officers and Souldiers to be quartered as at the letter D. and in this are divers things to bee considered as first the street which goes down between the Hutes ought to bee ten foot broad and four hundred foot deep in regard each Hute is to bee eight foot square and in every Hute two Souldiers are to bee lodged so that upon each side of the way there is to bee fiftie Hutes built which are to hold an hundred Souldiers upon a side At the top of the street upon the right hand is the Lieutenants Cabbin who is to bee allowed twelve foot and upon the left hand is the Ensignes Cabbin of the same bignesse the Serjeants are to have upon each side their Cabbins in the Rear of the Quarters thus a Company of two hundred are conveniently quartered In the Reare of these Hutes is another street or space of ground which runneth from one side of the Quarters to the other marked E. being six paces wide upon the foremost side of which are the Sutlers Butchers and Shop-keepers behind these is a wast place next the water for the off all filth and draffe to be conveyed away as you may perceive at G. The space or distance of ground which is betwixt Regiment and Regiment ought to be twenty or thirty foot broad as you may see at H. The Generall ought to have his Tents in the midst of all the Quarters and the Colonells according to their dignity upon each hand of his Pavilions The Passages into the Campare to bee plac'd in the most convenient places and strong Ports made to open and shut at pleasure as you may perceive at I. Also if need requires there may bee posterne passages made in divers places of the Brest-work for single persons to goe in and out with a turne-pike to secure it as at K. The Ordnance is to bee plac'd in a halfe Moon made next the water-side in the most convenient place of the Camp the residue may bee plac'd either upon the Brest-work or else before the halfe-Moon as at L. View the figure following and at M. is the Bridge for the Army to passe over the River The other manner of fortifying a Camp is now to be discourst of The Lord high Marshall having made choice of a place convenient being attended by the Quarter-Master Generall and the inferiour Quarter-Masters about the midst of the ground where you intend to incamp set up the Generalls Standard and about the same stake out a square place of ground for the Generalls Pavilion fourty paces square directly from this towards the North runneth one main street fourty paces broad which divides the Horse-Camp from the Foot-Camp and on either side of the Generalls Tents runneth two other crosse wayes thirty paces in breadth which divide the armed Souldiers from the Pioners and Waggons these two wayes embrace two long squares of ground fourty paces broad and five hundred and fifty paces long apeece these may either of them bee divided into five Lodgings of an hundred paces in length and fourty in breadth leaving between them certain passages of ten paces in breadth so that the Souldiers upon every sudden alarme may the more readily repair to the place of Assembly One of the Lodgings next the Generalls Tent is appointed for the high Marshall and his retinue and the other on the other side for the Treasurer the rest may be assigned at the Marshals discretion to the other Officers of the field and for such Noblemen and Gentlemen Voluntires as follow the Warres at their own charge In the North-east Quarter of the Camp are the Horse-men lodged in the Northwest the Foot-men either of these Camps are divided into three parts by streets running East and West these streets are twenty paces in breadth and five hundred and eighty paces long in every of these three spaces of the Foot-Camp are lodged a Regiment of 10000. men and in the Hors-Camp the middlemost of them shall serve for 1500. Lances or Curassiers with their Beedets the North space for the Harquebuziers on the other side of this street are the Lodgings assigned for the Colonels of every Regiment and their Officers every space being thirty paces broad and one hundred and seaventy long By these Characters following you may understand the description of this Camp the better as in the figure following A. stands for the Captaines of the Harquebuziers B. for the Captaine of the Lances or Curassiers and C. for the residue of the Carbines and Dragones Likewise D E F. is the place for the Leaders of three principall Regiments of Foot-men the which are to be distingūished by their antiquities or by the usuall name of Vantguard Battell and Rear-ward the Vantguard lies next to the Generalls Tent and answers to the Harquebuziers the Battell answers to the Curassiers and the Rear-ward to the residue of the Carbines and Dragones Every of these principall Regiments you may if you please divide againe into five smaller Regiments by streets of ten paces broad running North and South So have you fifteen lesse Regiments in the Foot-Camp and five apeece in every of the Horse-Camps and every of these Regiments are one hundred paces broad and one hundred and seventy paces in length and shall contain every of
but by no meanes whilst there is any service to be done against the enemy 128. If any Souldier or Native subject desires to bee discharged from the warres he shall give notice thereof unto the Muster-masters who if they finde him to bee sicke or maimed or that hee served twenty yeeres in our warres or hath beene ten severall times before the enemy and can bring good witnesse thereof he shall be discharged 129. If any Colonell or Captaine either of Horse or Foot does give any Passe otherwise than is before mentioned he shall be punished as for other Fellonies and he who hath obtained the same Passe shall lose three moneths pay and be put in prison for one moneth upon bread and water 130. No Colonell or Captaine either of Horse or Foot shall give leave to his Souldiers to goe home out of the Field without leave of our Generall or chiefe Commander whosoever does the contrary shall lose three moneths pay and be put in prison for one moneth upon Bread and Water 131. No Captaine either of Horse or Foot shall presume to goe out of any Leaguer or place of Strength to demand his pay without leave of the Generall or Governour who so doth shall be cashired from his place and put out of the quarters 132. No Captaine either of Horse or Foot shall hold backe any of his souldiers meanes from him of which if any complaine the Captaine shall answer it before the Court where being found guilty he shall be punisht as for other Felony also if any mischance ensue thereupon as that the Souldiers mutine be sicke or endure hunger or give up any Strength then shall he answer for all those inconveniences that hereupon can or may ensue 133. If any Captaine lends money unto his souldiers which he desires should be paid againe that must be done in the presence of the Muster-masters that our service be no way hindred or neglected 134. If upon necessity the case sometimes so falls out in the Leaguer that pay bee not alwayes made at the due time mentioned in the Commissions yet shall every man in the meane time be willing to further our service seeing they have victualls sufficient for the present and that they shall so soone as may bee receive the rest of their meanes as is mentioned in their Commission 135. Very requisite it is that good justice be holden amongst our Souldiers as well as amongst other our Subjects 136. For the same reason was a King ordained by God to be the Soveraigne Judge in the field as well as at home 137. Now therefore in respect of many occasions which may fall out his single judgement alone may be too weak to discerne every particular circumstance therefore it is requisite that in the Leaguer as well as otherwhere there be some Court of Justice erected for the deciding of all controversies and to be carefull in like manner that our Articles of warre be of all persons observed and obeyed so farre forth as is possible 138. We ordaine therefore that there be two Courts in our Leaguer a high Court and a lower Court 139. The lower Court shall be amongst the Regiments both of Horse and Foot whereof every Regiment shall have one among themselves 140. In the Horse-Regiments the Colonell shall be President and in his absence the Captaine of our owne Life-guards with them are three Captains to be joyned three Lieutenants three Cornets and three Quarter-masters that so together with the President they may be to the number of thirteene at the least 141. In a Regiment of Foot the Colonell also shall be President and his Lieutenant Colonell in his absence with them are two Captains to be joyned two Lieutenants two Ensignes foure Serjeants and two Quarter-masters that together with the President they may be thirteene in number also 142. In our highest Marshall Court shall our Generall be PresideÌ„t in his absence our Field-Marshall when our Generall is present his asseciats shall be our Field-Marshall first next him our Generall of the Ordnance Serjeant-Major-Generall Generall of the Horse Quarter-Master-Generall next to them shall sit our Muster-Masters and all our Colonells and in their absence their Lieutenant-Colonells and these shall sit together when there is any matter of great importance in controversie 143. Whensoever this highest Court is to be holden they shall observe this order our great Generall as President shall sit alone at the head of the Table on his right hand our Field-Marshall on his left hand the Generall of the Ordnance on the right hand next our Serjeant-Major-Generall on the left hand againe the Generall of the Horse and then the Quarter-Master-Generall on one hand and the Muster-Master-Generall on the other after them shall every Colonell sit according to his place as here followes first the Colonell of our Life-Regiment or of the Guards of our owne person then every Colonell according to their places of antiquity If there happen to be any great men in the Army of our subjects that be of good understanding they shall cause them to sit next these Officers after these shall sit all the Colonells of strange Nations every one according to his antiquity of service 144. All these Judges both of higher and lower Courts shall under the blue Skies thus sweare before Almighty God that they will inviolably keep this following oath unto us I. R. W. doe here promise before God upon his holy Gospell that I both will shall Judge uprightly in all things according to the Lawes of God of our Nation and these Articles of Warre so farre forth as it pleaseth Almighty God to give me understandâ—ng neither will I for favour nor for hatred for good will feare ill will anger or any gift or bribe whatsoever judge wrongfully but judge him free that ought to be free and doom him guilty that I finde guilty as the Lord of Heaven and Earth shall help my soule and body at the last day I shall hold this oath truly 145. The Judges of our highest Court shall take this their oath in the first Leaguer where our Campe shall be pitched our Generall and the rest appointed to set with him shall repaire to the place where we shall appoint before his Tent or other where where an Officer appointed by us shall first take his oath and then the others oathes also 146. When the President of our lower Courts shall heare this foresaid oath read before them then shall they hold up their hands and sweare to keep it in like manner so often as any Court is to be holden in any Regiment the aforesaid oath shall be read before all them that sit in judgement with him who shall also hold up their hands and promise to keepe the oath aforesaid 147. In our highest Court there shall be one sworne Secretary appointed who shall make a diligent record of all the proceedings that shall fall out either in any pitcht Battell Skirmish Leaguer or any other peece of service whatsoever he
the other in prowesse The King of Sweden made use of this policie many times and it stood him in gread stead the same did Monsieur de Lautrec against the Emperors Army in the Kingdome of Naples his Army consisting of divers Nations as Italians Switzers French-men Gaescoins Almaignes because none of them should be disparaged hee plac'd them all in on Front for he knew of their great emulation that one Nation desired to be thought more valiant than the other Now it remains to speak of the Cavialry how they ought to be plac'd and in this a great care and circumspection is to be had first in ordering them into convenient Battalia's or proportionable Divisions that they bee neither too big nor too small these are to be ranged upon each Wing of the Foot-troops fifty or sixty paces distant from the Flanks of the Army lest by their unrulinesse and disorderly retraiting they presse upon your own Troops and dis-rank them Many times the Horse-troops are divided into six Battalia's viz. three plac'd upon one Wing and three upon the other the formost Battalia's are to consist of as many more as the second and the third is to be least of all As suppose the number of 4000. Horse the two formost Battels upon each Wing are to consist of 1100. the two second Battels of 500. apeece and the two third and last Battels of 400. in each there ought to be a good distance betwixt each of these Battalia's If your Horse-Troops should be too weak for the enemy you must line their Files with Shot and also have in a readinesse certain extraordinary Pikes to assist the Horse and Shot if they should be overcharged The Horse are to shelter themselves in the Rear of the Foot-Battalia's untill such time as the enemies Ordnance are surprized for the Horse are subject to more danger of the enemies Ordnance than the Foot possibly can be in regard they are lower and a â—annon-shot is subject to mount The Harquebuziers and Carbines many times are imployed to assault the enemy not having so much respect in keeping of their Ranks The Curassires are to bee ordered next the Flank of the Battell for the most part and the Harquebuziers and Carbines outmost of all for the Curassiers ought to stirre as little as possibly may be from the Wings of the Foot-Battalia's for most properly they are to resist and seldome to assaile The best and safest way both for Horse and Foot is to keep their ground untill the enemy be drawn very near unto your Battell and then to receive their charge The Cavalry being ordered as before into three severall Battels viz. the main Battel which is to consist of Carbines the Battel of succour is to consist of Harquebuziers and the Rear-Battell of Curassiers and many times the Troops of the Carbines and Harquebuziers are next in the formost Battel are to do the first execution upon the enemies troops the Curassiers are to finish what they have begun to ruine disorder The Battell of succour is to be in distance behind the main Battel forty or fifty paces and is to have spaces as the Foot hath for the Divisions to retrait into the like must the Rear-Battell have and it is to be ordered in distance twice as far behind the Battell of succour as the Battell of succour is from the main Battell viz. 80. or 100. foot or more or lesse according to the situation of the ground If the enemy should charge your Horses in the Rear in the time of the conflict then the Generall must send the Light-armed Horse to resist them and there must bee alwaies in a readinesse certain Maniples both of Pikes and Shot plac'd in the Rear of the Battel to draw out to assist either the Horse or Foot upon all occasions Lastly It remains to speak of the waies and means to encourage the souldiers and to breed Spirit in them making them undervalue their enemies and to charge them with a boldnesse and this is to be done by some pithy Oration and perswasive Speech which ancient Generals have found by experience to bee of great efficacie to induce them to wonderfull performances The Speech may be according as the Generall shall please or as if he should in the head of his Troops pronounce these words Right valiant Captains and fellow-souldiers I have here ordered you in forme of Battell ready to charge our enemies and doe require of you in the Name of the Lord of Hosts two things especially namely the utmost of your Valours and the truth of your Loves in obedience For what man soever doth not use his best indeavours to subdue his enemies is not only a murtherer of himselfe but of his dear friends and by disobedience may bee the means of the Armies overthrow for which there can be no plea before Gods Tribunal but his just sentence of condemnation besides the in supportable shame and intollerable servitude wee bring our selves that shall survive with our dear friends into which though it may seem as a green wound only to smart at first yet at last the reproach and disgrace will gnaw and fret to the bone Wherefore brave Souldiers let your golden Spirits shine and your steely mettalls hew out a Conquest for the glory of our great God and the honour of our gracious King and beloved Countrey God would have the Israelites fight valiantly as well as Moses to hold up his hands and pray or else no Conquest could be expected wherefore let us performe both that the great God of Hosts may bee propitious unto us according as hee hath promised to them that seek him Wherefore let us be confident of Victory and not seek our ruines by unbeliefe Let us call to mind our Ancestors what noble atchievements their magnanimous Spirits by Gods assistance effected whereby our Nation hath been not only the Mirrour but the â—errour to the world How did they in France at the Battell of Poyteirs with an handfull of men confound the mighty Army that would have swallowed them up The like at Agen court c. And how gracious was God to us in 88. to dissipate and destroy our invincible enemie by his prospering our poor endevours Wherfore now let us not despair of his help but with one joynt consent let us furiously assault our proud enemies that wee may enjoy their riches and eternize our memories to Posterity For my own part I am confident that if wee resist but three of their charges that they shall not dare to adventure the fourth but to their utter ruine Wherefore if there be any man timerous or faint-hearted let him depart weth his brand of infamy to be rewarded by his King and Countrey according to his demerits But let all Heroick Spirits ejaculate their petitions to heaven and say with me Let God arise and his enemies shall bee scattered RULES AND OBSERVATIONS TO BE VSED IN TIME OF FIGHT SECT XX. CHAP. IX Divers Observations
which both Generall and Officers must make use of in the time of fight or skirmish HAving collected the best Observations that my poor indevours could attain unto for the fitting of all thing requisite before the time of fight now it remains to discourse of such necessary principles as are convenient to be used in the time of fight so that there may bee nothing omitted which may bee an inducement or furtherance to a victory Wherefore presupposing that the Battell Standards are pitcht and the Army ranged accordingly as before is shewed the first thing that is to be done is to draw out a certain company of Horse and Foot to surprize the enemies Ordnance in which they are not bound to keep any array or order but to run disbanded and fall pell mell upon the enemy whereby his Ordnance will be disabled from shooting above once In the mean time the Forlorn Hopes and such disbanded Shot are to skirmish with the enemy partly to see if they can disorder any of their Divisions or gain some prisoners whereby the Generall may learn how they are imbattelled and what Stratagems they intend to use with the true number both of their Horse and Foot so as he may the better fit himself for them as also by their first onset to breed courage in his own men and to make them disdain their enemy The Forlorn Hope is duly to bee supplyed with men and munition either from the Wings of the main-Battel or else some Maniples appropriated for that purpose according as they prevail against the enemy so they are to be strengthned if the enemy bee too potent for them then they are to retrait behind the main-Battell and when the two Battels joyn these are to sally out and charge the enemies Flanks Some Stratagem or other ought to bee put in practice at the first encounter for a small matter if it comes unexpectedly will discourage an enemy If there be any Ambuscado's secretly laid for to charge the enemies in the Flanks or Rear let them execute their charge when the two Battels joyn in fight whereby they may be disheartned If in case the enemy take the charge and make a retrait those Officers that lead up the Forlorn Hopes to skirmish must not pursue the retrait nor suffer the souldiers to follow the enemy no further since that this skirmishing is to no other end than to breed a certain impression and good opinion in the minds of your own souldiers The absolutest way to disorder the enemies Troops is to charge their Battalia's either with your Horse or Foot both in Flank and Front * and then having certain Troops of Horse ready formed in manner of a wedge-Battell that shall indevour to enter the point of the Battell and so disorder their Ranks The Generall is to cause it to bee given out in the time of fight that hee hath a new supply of men comming unto him and may make a shew of some matters like a truth that may signifie his Succours to be neer at hand This may take effect to discourage them so that with little difficulty they may be vanquish'd Sulpitius put all the servants and labourers belonging to the Army upon beasts unfit for fight causing them to bee ranged in such sort that they seemed afar off to be a great number of Horse-men whom he sent up upon a mountain some what neer unto his enemies Army commanding them to keep themselves close untill the Battell was begun and that then they should shew themselves in many Troops like Horse-men faining to march down to charge the Rear of the enemies Army this put the enemy to flight But if the Countrey be plain so that no Ambush can be laid then there must be Trenches digged and men laid privily in them and covered over with green boughs Also such kind of Ditches may be digged and covered over slightly with boughs and earth laid slightly over and certain firme places bee left betwixt the Trenches with good marks for to find them at which places they may retire that are sent to charge the enemy faining to be afraid in their speedy retrait to cause the enemy to follow them the faster and so to fall into the snare Note that upon the disordering of the enemy the main-Battell is not to follow the pursuit but certain Troops of each Wings both of the Horse and Foot are to pursue the victory If any accident should happen unto the Generall during the Combat which might dismay his souldiers it is a point of great wisdome for to cover it and to make the best of it presently as Hostilius who seeing that his assistants which should have entred Battell with him went their waies without striking stroke hee knowing their departure would have greatly dismaid his souldiers caused it to be given out through all the Army that they went away through his commandement this did not only appease the people but did moreover incourage them that they were victorious Sylla having part of his Troop slain fearing lest his Army should be discouraged hee said he sent them of purpose to be slain in regard they conspired against him In the Battell of Flanders when the enemy had cut off the whole Regiment of Scots that were sent to guard a passage one only man brings the newes of it his Excellency caused him to be slain lest he should have frighted the Army by the report of so sudden an accident A Generals care must ever be to avoid confusion of fight which is to begin before your time which causeth such inconveniences as are cause oftentimes of losse Therefore in the beginning of your fight take great heed you invade not nor fight confusedly wheras every part of the Army hath his ordinary time to fight neither suffer any part of your Army to fight with your enemy in any other fashion than you appointed them At your first onset in charging the enemy the Army must give a mighty terrible shout to dishearten the enemy and then afterwards keep great silence that the sounds of the Drums and Trumpets may be heard and distinguished as also such commands as Officers shall give If your Horse-men be oppressed with your enemies Horse-men send for succour a supply of Musketires who may scattering and out of order as occasion shall serve shoot at the oppressors and upon occasion retire and returne very often to these you may send a guard of Pikes for rescue the better to bring them off safe But if you invade your enemy with Musketires with your guard of Pikes send some Horse so that both may defend them from invasion of the enemies Horse-men Likewise to give the enemie his hands full follow him with a Battalion resolutely to put all or one of his Battalions to rout and having discomfited any one of his Battels send only a small or convenient company to pursue the chase and with the rest invade quickly some part of his Army fighting with any one
proficit labore consenescit Veget. Consuetudine levior labor fit Livi. lib. 25. 〈…〉 tantum ad notatâ— sed etiam picta habeat ut non solum 〈◊〉 mentis verum aspectu oculorum 〈◊〉 profecturis 〈…〉 iâ—â—doneum eugat Veg l 2. Fortuna levis est 〈◊〉 reposcit quae dedit Senec. Sent. Non enim in gradibus quibus ad summum perventum est itur Saepe inter fortunam maximam ultimam nihil interest Sen de Ben. Nihil tam leve est quod non magnam interâ—â—â—m faciat res Momentum Liv. l. 25. Vâ— pâ—tit accidâ—st est souÌ„ventes foys ce commencement des grandmaux Am. Pleut Agis Nocturni terrores Clearcht exercitum invaserunt At ille precepit si noctis tumultus 〈◊〉 nemo rectus consurgeret hoc preceptum docuit 〈◊〉 contem nere nocturuam terrorem Polyoen Strat lib. 2. Tuum hostium exercitum lacorum situm naturam regiâ—â—is nosâ—e Livi. lib. 2â— Miles bee tris 〈◊〉 debâ—t Corpus ut quam validisâ—â—â—â—m pernicissâ—mâ—m habeat aâ—ma apâ—a animum paratum ad Subâ—ta imperia Ceteradâ—is immortalibus 〈◊〉 curae esse Livi. l. 44. If any Horse be Iadish and apt to stâ—â—ke his fellowes or strangers that shall come neere him he is to have a little Bell plast on his Crooper behind that such as know not his qualities may be aware of his Iadish trickes Temporl aptari decet Senec. Med. Vlâ—eriora Mirari praesentia sequi Tac. hist. 4. Consilium nobis resque lâ—cusque dabunt Ovid. Consilia nova pro novis rebut aut ubi priora in prospera Cip. Ao lib. 3. Paucâ—s viâ—os fortâ—s natura procreat bona institutione plures reddit industria Veg l. 3. Exercitus predator ipsa preda hostium Salust Iug. Eventus preliorum inter initia contra illes fuit quibus victoria debebatur veg l. 3. Nam necesse est ad fugam paâ—atâ— sint qui ducem suum sentiant desperare Veg. l. 3. In the Roman coynes the picture of Mars was stamped with a lavelin in one hand and a scourge in the other and the portraiture of a cocke by him intimating his prowesse his command and his vigilancy Godwin Rom. antiqui Quem mâ— tuunt oderunt quem quisque â—dit periisse expetit Multa sunt honesta factu quae sunt turpia visa Inquibusdam notarum peritia calculandi computandique usus exâ—gâ—tur Veg. l. 2. The office of the Quartermasters to a Regiment The office of a Corporall The office of the Trumpets The office of the Fiscall The Office of the Provost Marshall Is demum vir est cuâ—us animum nec prospera statu suo efferant nec adversa infringant Liv. l. 45. Si nihil possis sperare desperes nihil Senec. Humilis parcus animus prosperitatibus effertur adversit autem rebus deprimitur Epicar The art of Riding horses is most noble as appeares by Virgil in his Encidor where he termes King Picus for his excellency and greater praise a breaker or rider of horses Likewise the Poets faine that Bellerophon the son of King Glaucus rode upon a Pegasus when hee slew the Monster Chiâ—era You may take notice that a horse is a very sensible creature and apt to learne and conceive of any words or active demonstrations as appeares by the French mans horse that he had taught to fetch and carry like a Spanell at his command he would lie downe or rise up and kicke or stâ—mpe as many stoâ—â—ps as he pleased to command him with divers other things Vse of the voyce There are five things observeable in the use of the rodde or riding wand first when the horse is fitted to use a wand secondly how to take it for skaring thirdly how to beare it at all times fourthly the use and ends it sâ—â—ves for lastly how and when to use it as a helpe correction or cheerishing to your horse When your horse is managed you must learne how to handle your sword Harquebuz or Pistoll The Rodde is to be borne in the right hand with the point right up to your right shoulder when you trot your horse Note the left hand is onely to be held up so high to rest your Harquebuz or Carbine upon when you discharge and not otherwise Vse of the Caulfe You must not forget to spurre behinde the giâ—ts towards the flanke Thâ—se actions of the heeles are performed with out spurres if the horse will not indure the spurre The use of the Stirrop Vse of the Spurre You may stuffe old bootes with sand and put spurres on them fastening them in the saddle the â—orse running about with them in the pasture will make him endure the spurre Note you are to teach your horse onely in the morning before hee hath provender not failing to ride him every day once untill he be perfect afterwards twice a weeke will be sufficient How to â—read out the Ring Note the same Ring you begâ—n with all the same you must end with whereby there is two turnes difference of that hand you begin on At the first riding of the Ring the horse must be exercised in it eight dayes together The number of 22. Gryson saith makes five large turnes and a halfe foure goinâ— about makes but one large turne Note it is dangerous to shift often your Rings except necessitie constraine you Note you may have a fellow stand at the place of stop with a sticke to Rap him on the knees which will make him tread backe How to teach a horse to rise before Of the narrow turnes there are three kinds described Divers considerations in turnes Remember alwayes to begin your Ring on your right hand and likewise on the same hand to end it How your horse should order his feete at his first turning to either hand Another fashioned Ring to cause a horse to turne perfectly as well upon one hand as upon another In this second figure sixe goings about makes but a large turne the reasons of it are described The last Ring fully described An observation how to make a horse turne to what hand you please How to make a horse turne upon what hand you please Forget not to helpe him with the sound of your tongue Three things observablâ— in the word Manage A very strong Horse requires the mannage with the whole rest and a horse of indifferent strength the halfe and the weake horse the manage without rest A great horse must be ridde the shortest Caâ—eire and a midling slight horse the longer although not much Three things of note in a Carriere first that the horse gathers roundly secondly that he runnes swiftly thirdly that he stops easily When your Horse can runne the Cariere doe not exercise him in it above once in two moneths at most An excellent way to 〈…〉 to fit him for a single fight with the enâ—mie The excellent properties of a horse well 〈◊〉 described The meanes to compell a horse to rayne well described A devise to make a
wresty Horse goe forwards How to make a shie horse gentle How to make a horse hardy and bold in the warres By trotting the Ring you may embolden your Horse The Dragoones are the fittest to give the on set because they doe their execution at a further distance The Firelocke is â—â—rest to give fire and not so apt to be out of 〈◊〉 besides they will indure Spâ—nd 24. houres together without â—urting them Description of a Ranke Description of a File Twentie in length That the Troope may move orderly and keepe their distances truely let the whole Troope move all at an instant viz. when the Front moves then the Reare to be ready so shall they bee seldome found to erre In Marching or Trooping through a Towne forget not to have your Peeces spand and holding them in your hand with their mouthes upwards and the butt end resting upon your thigh The Figure of the foure Divisions drawne into Battallia The distinctions of the sounds of Trumpet described The proportion of powder usually required for a true charge of any peece is almost halfe the weight in powder of the bullet Some will not have a Cuirassiere to give fire untill he hath plac't his Pistoll under his enemies armour You may place the Pumâ—ell of your Sword upon your right thigh and directing it with your right hand to the place you intend to hit viz. the belly or arme pits or his throat They must be taught to be excellent marks-men for the manner of handling them the directions of the Pistoll may serve for instruction Edmunds observation upon Câ—sars Com. In those Kingdomes that are fortified with strong Garrison Townes there shall neede no such armâ— for those townes are ready to performe the same Office that this Armie should doe * The forme of their standing in Battalia ready for exercise To cause them to face to the right hand is performed by commanding * To the right hand This motion is performed by turning all at once and the same time to the right hand Thus the Front is where the right Flanke was To reduce them to their first forme the word of command is This is performed by turning to the left hand from thence to face them to the left you command This is performed by turning towards the left from hence they are to be reduced by commanding Which they doe by turning to the right Now to face them to the Reare though it be most proper to doe it by the right hand yet for the more ready way you must command This is performed by turning towards the left hand untill their faces Front to that place which was before the Reare To reduce them to their first forme the word of Command is Every other ranke passeth into the rank before them upon the right hand of his leader To reduce them the word of Command is Which is best done by causing those rankes which doubled to stand and those which stood to advance This motion differs nothing from the former onely where as before they doubled to the right now they double to the left hand of their Leaders To reduce them the word of Command is To performe this the second File passeth into the first every man behinde his sideman this must be done throughout the Company at one instant the o are the places where the Files that removed did stand They are reduced by commanding The difference betweene this and the former motion is the difference of hands so that those Files that before moved are now to stand view the Figure They are reduc't by commanding To performe this the middlemen double the first ranke on the right hand the other two Rankes double the two folowing Rankes as is manifest in the Figure To reduce them the word is But in regard of the combersomnesse of the horse in turning to cause them that double to stand and the first division to advance This motion onely differs from the former in the hand The reducing of them is shewed in the former motion In this motion the last Ranke passeth into the first and so successively as the Figure demonstrates it They are reduced by saying For the convenient turning of the horse it is best to beginne with the left hand This Figure is after the Corean manner There are divers other formes of countermarching which are to be performed as well by Rankes as by Files as the Lacedemonian and Macedonian but in regard of brevity they are here omitted All the Files are to close from the right and left towards the middle of the body Note when you intend to wheele your Files must first be closed and then the Rankes and when you command them to open againe the Rankes are first and then the Files To performe this all the Rankes move forwards saving the first which standeth the second ranke being advanc't up to its distance stands so all the rest When the horses are to wheele the Commander must take a reasonable Compasse for they cannot possibly doe it in such exact manner as the foote for they must be allowed a farre greater space in regard of the combersomenes of the horse To performe this motion all the body moveth to the left upon the left file leader as the Center The wheeling to the left hand is the readiest way unlesse some impediments hinders wherefore that is first nominated although it bee more proper to begin with the right the wheeling to the right is for brevity omitted To reduce them wheele to the right hand as you were There is also wheeling to the right or left about wheeling wings into the front they are here omited for brevitie To reduce them into their first order first the Rankes are to be opened then the files In opening the rankes the best way is to doe it by opening forwards It was attributed to Iason Foure kindes of Rhombes â— described Euelide defineth a Rhombe to be a square Figure that hath the sides equall but the Angles not right viz. the foure-sides of the square are of one and the same length but the points which make the Angles are two of them stretched out in length and become more sharpe the other two are more blunt than a Tetragonall square A Rhombe neither filing nor ranking The Thess alonians used this forme of imbattelling their Troopes The termes used by Commanders in former ages as Pâ—li l. 4. 217. A Rhombe ranking but not filing Leo Chap. 5. Sect. 3. and Cap. 6. Sect. 39. Leo Cap 7. Sect. 81 Cap. 14. Sect. 70. Leo Cap 14. Sect. 108 109. Plutarch in Liâ—urgo Leo Cap. 12. Sect. 4â— Their horse Troopes charged the Enemy in Phalang and not by rankes as we doe Leo ibidem reade Bingham upon Aliâ—ns Tacticks pag. 106. Caesar against Pompey did the like and Eâ—aâ—mondas against the Lacedemonians Soâ—e Generalls have 〈…〉 range 〈…〉 second 〈…〉 by a large 〈…〉 â—ront 〈…〉 but 〈…〉 Flank◠〈…〉 battell to 〈…〉 Inâ—anâ—ry Not to charge the enemies foote Troopes