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hand_n hold_v left_a right_a 19,416 5 6.9201 4 true
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A86112 The grounds of the lawes of England; extracted from the fountaines of all other learning: and digested methodically into cases, for the use and benefit of all practicers, and students. With a commixtion of divers scattered grounds concerning the reasonable construction of the law. / By M.H. of the Middle-Temple. Hawke, Michael. 1657 (1657) Wing H1169; Thomason E1569_1; ESTC R209197; ESTC R209200 362,003 535

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affectum_fw-la tribuit_fw-la delinquendi_fw-la &_o minatur_fw-la innocent_n qui_fw-la parcit_fw-la nocentibus_fw-la coke_n l._n 4._o f._n 45._o a._n evil_a do_n ought_v not_o to_o go_v unpunished_a because_o impunity_n minister_v a_o continual_a affection_n of_o offend_v and_o he_o threaten_v the_o innocent_a who_o spare_v the_o delinquent_n and_o aristotle_n pol._n 7._o actiones_fw-la justitiae_fw-la sunt_fw-la necessariae_fw-la in_o civitate_fw-la licet_fw-la non_fw-la eligibiles_fw-la though_o the_o action_n of_o justice_n that_o be_v the_o sentence_n and_o punishment_n of_o evil_a and_o condemn_v person_n be_v not_o secundum_fw-la se_fw-la of_o their_o own_o nature_n eligible_a yet_o be_v they_o necessary_a in_o a_o city_n that_o the_o city_n may_v be_v the_o better_o rule_v and_o save_v for_o as_o solon_n there_o be_v two_o thing_n and_o tie_n by_o which_o a_o commonwealth_n be_v contain_v and_o preserve_v praemium_fw-la &_o poena_fw-la reward_n and_o punishment_n and_o it_o be_v true_o say_v etsi_fw-la meliores_fw-la sunt_fw-la quos_fw-la ducit_fw-la amor_fw-la tamen_fw-la plures_fw-la sunt_fw-la quos_fw-la corrigit_fw-la timor_fw-la think_v they_o be_v the_o better_a person_n who_o the_o love_n of_o goodness_n &_o virtue_n draw_v yet_o there_o be_v more_o who_o the_o fear_n of_o punishment_n do_v deter_v and_o correct_v and_o therefore_o the_o wisdom_n of_o our_o law_n do_v abhor_v that_o great_a offence_n shall_v pass_v unpunished_a so_o as_o that_o if_o a_o man_n be_v convict_v either_o of_o verdict_n or_o by_o confession_n upon_o a_o insufficient_a indictment_n and_o no_o judgement_n upon_o it_o give_v he_o may_v again_o be_v indict_v and_o arraign_v because_o his_o life_n be_v never_o in_o jeopardy_n and_o the_o law_n want_v his_o end_n which_o provide_v that_o no_o evil_a deed_n shall_v pass_v unpunished_a coke_n l._n 4._o f._n 45._o a._n for_o as_o coke_n say_v l._n 5._o f._n 53_o b._n oderunt_fw-la peccare_fw-la mali_fw-la formidine_fw-la penae_fw-la the_o wicked_a to_o offend_v themselves_o refrain_v and_o from_o the_o same_o be_v scare_v for_o fear_n of_o pain_n and_o therefore_o by_o the_o common_a law_n be_v the_o offence_n of_o felony_n so_o severe_o punish_v and_o though_o the_o judgement_n against_o such_o a_o malefactor_n in_o that_o he_o shall_v be_v hang_v by_o the_o neck_n until_o he_o be_v dead_a yet_o implicitive_o he_o be_v punish_v first_o in_o his_o wife_n that_o she_o shall_v lose_v her_o dower_n second_o in_o his_o child_n that_o they_o shall_v become_v base_a and_o ignoble_a three_o that_o he_o shall_v lose_v his_o posterity_n for_o his_o blood_n be_v stain_v and_o corrupt_v that_o they_o can_v inherit_v to_o he_o or_o to_o any_o other_o ancestor_n four_o that_o he_o shall_v forfeit_v all_o his_o land_n and_o tenement_n which_o he_o have_v in_o fee_n or_o in_o tail_n or_o for_o term_n of_o his_o life_n and_o five_o all_o his_o good_n and_o chattel_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v that_o man_n shall_v fear_v to_o 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shall_v be_v unpunished_a quia_fw-la salus_fw-la populi_fw-la suprema_fw-la lex_fw-la the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n be_v the_o supreme_a law_n and_o the_o safety_n of_o the_o people_n be_v contain_v in_o the_o repress_v of_o offence_n by_o punishment_n it_o be_v a_o positive_a ground_n that_o the_o accessary_n in_o felony_n can_v be_v proceed_v against_o until_o the_o principal_n be_v try_v yet_o if_o a_o man_n by_o subtlety_n and_o malice_n set_v a_o mad_a man_n by_o some_o device_n to_o kill_v one_o and_o he_o do_v so_o now_o forasmuch_o as_o the_o mad_a man_n be_v excuse_v because_o he_o can_v have_v any_o will_n or_o malice_n the_o law_n account_v the_o incitor_fw-la as_o principal_a though_o he_o be_v absent_a rather_o than_o the_o crime_n shall_v go_v unpunished_a 13_o eliz_n 1._o so_o it_o be_v a_o ground_n in_o the_o law_n that_o the_o appeal_n of_o murder_n go_v not_o to_o the_o heir_n where_o the_o party_n murder_v have_v a_o wife_n nor_o the_o young_a brother_n where_o there_o be_v a_o elder_a yet_o if_o the_o wife_n murder_v the_o husband_n because_o she_o be_v the_o party_n offender_n the_o appeal_n leap_v over_o to_o the_o heir_n and_o so_o if_o the_o son_n and_o heir_n murder_v his_o father_n it_o go_v to_o the_o second_o brother_n ed._n 4_o m_n 28._o 6._o stanf._n l._n 2_o f._n 60._o but_o if_o the_o rule_n be_v one_o of_o the_o high_a sort_n of_o maxim_n that_o be_v regulae_fw-la rationales_fw-la and_o not_o positivae_fw-la than_o the_o law_n will_v endure_v rather_o a_o particular_a offence_n to_o escape_v without_o punishment_n then_o violate_v such_o a_o rule_n as_o it_o be_v a_o rule_n that_o penal_a statute_n shall_v not_o be_v take_v by_o equity_n and_o the_o statute_n of_o 1_o e._n 6._o enact_v that_o those_o that_o be_v attaint_v for_o steal_v of_o horse_n shall_v not_o have_v their_o clergy_n the_o judge_n conceive_v that_o this_o shall_v not_o extend_v to_o he_o that_o shall_v steal_v but_o one_o horse_n and_o therefore_o procure_v a_o new_a act_n for_o it_o in_o 2_o e._n 6._o c._n 33._o for_o it_o be_v not_o like_o the_o case_n upon_o the_o statute_n of_o gloucester_n that_o g●●●●h_v a_o action_n of_o waste_n against_o he_o for_o term_v of_o life_n or_o year_n and_o yet_o if_o a_o man_n hold_v for_o a_o year_n he_o be_v within_o the_o statute_n for_o penal_a law_n be_v take_v strict_o and_o literal_o only_a in_o the_o point_n of_o define_v and_o set_v down_o the_o fact_n and_o punishment_n and_o in_o those_o clause_n that_o concern_v they_o and_o not_o in_o general_a word_n which_o be_v but_o circumstance_n and_o conveyance_n in_o the_o put_n of_o the_o case_n and_o so_o note_v the_o diversity_n for_o if_o the_o law_n be_v that_o for_o such_o a_o offence_n a_o man_n shall_v lose_v his_o right_a hand_n and_o the_o offender_n have_v his_o right_a hand_n cut_v off_o in_o the_o war_n he_o shall_v not_o lose_v his_o left_a hand_n but_o the_o crime_n shall_v rather_o pass_v unpunished_a vide_fw-la ibidem_fw-la plura_fw-la nemo_fw-la punitur_fw-la pro_fw-la alieno_fw-la delicto_fw-la coke_n come_v f._n 145._o b._n no_o man_n be_v punish_v for_o another_o man_n fault_n and_o therefore_o the_o defendant_n in_o a_o replevin_n can_v claim_v property_n by_o his_o bailiff_n or_o servant_n and_o the_o reason_n be_v for_o that_o if_o the_o claim_n fall_v out_o to_o be_v false_a he_o shall_v be_v fine_v for_o his_o contempt_n which_o the_o lord_n can_v be_v unless_o he_o make_v claim_v himself_o for_o no_o man_n shall_v be_v punish_v for_o another_o fault_n dyer_n f._n 66._o pl._n 14._o it_o be_v the_o law_n of_o god_n that_o every_o one_o shall_v bear_v his_o own_o burden_n and_o receive_v judgement_n according_a to_o his_o proper_a fact_n and_o merit_n whether_o it_o be_v good_a or_o evil_n as_o whereas_o the_o plaintiff_n charge_v the_o defendant_n with_o a_o escape_n make_v and_o suffer_v by_o they_o they_o ought_v not_o to_o accuse_v
be_v include_v because_o it_o concern_v the_o scandal_n of_o government_n and_o by_o the_o civil_a law_n in_o general_a this_o defamatory_n crime_n be_v make_v capital_a as_o if_o any_o man_n do_v devise_v any_o slanderous_a libel_n against_o one_o and_o it_o happen_v that_o another_o find_v it_o and_o he_o do_v not_o cancel_v it_o and_o tear_v it_o in_o piece_n but_o do_v publish_v it_o to_o other_o he_o be_v punish_v with_o capital_a punishment_n and_o so_o be_v the_o author_n likewise_o punish_v fulb._n l._n 2._o f._n 27._o which_o description_n of_o a_o libel_n accord_v with_o we_o at_o the_o common_a law_n as_o in_o lamb_n case_n it_o be_v resolve_v coke_n l._n 4._o f._n 59_o b._n that_o every_o man_n who_o shall_v be_v convict_v for_o the_o publication_n of_o a_o libel_n either_o he_o ought_v to_o be_v contriver_n of_o the_o libel_n or_o the_o procurer_n of_o the_o contrive_n of_o it_o or_o a_o malicious_a publisher_n of_o it_o know_v it_o to_o be_v a_o libel_n and_o say_v it_o 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otherwise_o and_o it_o be_v not_o material_a whether_o the_o libel_n be_v in_o writing_n or_o without_o writing_n or_o whether_o in_o rhyme_n or_o prose_n or_o whether_o by_o picture_n as_o to_o paint_v the_o party_n in_o any_o shameful_a or_o ignominious_a manner_n or_o by_o sign_n as_o to_o fix_v a_o gallow_n or_o any_o other_o reproachful_a or_o dishonourable_a sign_n at_o the_o house_n of_o the_o party_n or_o elsewhere_o and_o therefore_o for_o the_o reason_n abovesaid_a and_o that_o though_o the_o libel_n be_v make_v against_o one_o yet_o do_v it_o incite_v those_o who_o be_v of_o the_o same_o family_n or_o society_n to_o revenge_n and_o so_o tend_v to_o the_o breach_n of_o peace_n and_o may_v be_v the_o cause_n of_o effusion_n of_o blood_n it_o be_v resolve_v that_o a_o libeler_n shall_v be_v punish_v by_o enditement_n at_o the_o common_a law_n or_o by_o bill_n if_o it_o be_v deny_v or_o ore_fw-la tenus_fw-la by_o confession_n in_o the_o star-chamber_n and_o according_a to_o 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can_v plead_v this_o matter_n in_o abatement_n of_o the_o avowry_n neither_o shall_v the_o lord_n be_v compel_v to_o avow_v upon_o the_o lessor_n and_o the_o false_a avowry_n of_o the_o lord_n upon_o a_o strange_a that_o be_v not_o his_o tenant_n shall_v not_o hurt_v the_o tenant_n contrary_a to_o the_o truth_n of_o the_o case_n for_o truth_n fear_v nothing_o but_o to_o be_v conceal_v and_o the_o law_n will_v never_o permit_v falsity_n to_o suppress_v a_o truth_n coke_n ibidem_fw-la vide_fw-la plura_fw-la the_o statute_n of_o w._n 2._o c._n 3._o give_v a_o cui_fw-la invita_fw-la upon_o recovery_n by_o default_n before_o which_o such_o recovery_n be_v a_o wrong_n to_o the_o feme_fw-fr and_o a_o hard_a thing_n as_o the_o statute_n say_v and_o therefore_o a_o cui_fw-la ante_fw-la devortium_fw-la be_v give_v by_o the_o equity_n of_o that_o statute_n for_o it_o go_v in_o oppression_n of_o falsity_n and_o advancement_n of_o verity_n so_o the_o statute_n of_o marlebridge_n cap._n 6._o make_v a_o ordinance_n against_o those_o who_o use_v to_o enfeoff_v their_o first_o bear_v and_o heir_n within_o age_n and_o yet_o if_o his_o first_o son_n die_v and_o he_o enfeoff_v his_o second_o son_n who_o be_v his_o heir_n it_o be_v within_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o statute_n or_o if_o he_o levy_v a_o fine_a to_o he_o which_o be_v matter_n of_o record_n it_o shall_v be_v within_o the_o equity_n of_o the_o statute_n and_o yet_o the_o statute_n speak_v of_o a_o feoffment_n and_o the_o cause_n be_v for_o that_o covin_z be_v always_o abhor_a in_o our_o law_n and_o state_n make_v in_o suppression_n of_o it_o be_v for_o the_o public_a good_a and_o therefore_o shall_v be_v extend_v by_o equity_n and_o therefore_o the_o statute_n of_o 1._o h._n 7._o c._n 1._o
other_o soldier_n but_o english_a 21._o l._n 1._o de_fw-la repub_fw-la c._n 21._o though_o he_o have_v enjoy_v and_o live_v in_o peace_n for_o the_o space_n of_o thirty_o year_n whereas_o the_o french_a be_v continual_o conversant_a &_o exercise_v in_o the_o italian_a war_n yet_o that_o prudent_a king_n who_o know_v well_o that_o he_o have_v so_o order_v the_o realm_n that_o in_o the_o time_n of_o peace_n the_o feat_n of_o arm_n be_v practise_v and_o military_a discipline_n exercise_v both_o attempt_v the_o conquest_n of_o france_n and_o fortunate_o effect_v it_o the_o same_o encomium_n do_v he_o give_v of_o epominondas_fw-la who_o redeem_v the_o theban_n from_o the_o servitude_n of_o the_o spartan_n so_o instruct_v they_o in_o the_o form_n of_o military_a discipline_n that_o through_o their_o aid_n though_o effeminate_a by_o service_n he_o give_v the_o spartan_n a_o mighty_a defeat_n and_o overthrow_n for_o the_o care_n and_o faith_n of_o domestic_a and_o native_a soldier_n be_v great_a and_o firm_a and_o for_o the_o honour_n of_o their_o prince_n and_o glory_n of_o their_o country_n will_v fight_v more_o fierce_o ita_fw-la ut_fw-la consensu_fw-la quodum_fw-la say_v seneca_n protegendi_fw-la amandique_fw-la regem_fw-la conspirasse_fw-la intelliguntur_fw-la so_o as_o they_o be_v conceive_v to_o have_v conspire_v with_o a_o unanimous_a consent_n of_o protect_v and_o love_v their_o king_n whereas_o mercenary_n and_o stranger_n be_v common_o tumultuous_a and_o refractory_a and_o love_v not_o to_o be_v command_v theagiae_fw-la tac._n 4._o hist_o tac._n theagiae_fw-la or_o govern_v but_o as_o tacitus_n omniae_fw-la ex_fw-la libidine_fw-la agunt_fw-la love_v to_o do_v what_o they_o lift_v and_o which_o be_v most_o perilous_a be_v perfidious_a non_fw-la fide_fw-la non_fw-la affectu_fw-la tenentur_fw-la be_v not_o hold_v nor_o keep_v by_o faith_n and_o affection_n but_o there_o faith_n depend_v on_o fortune_n which_o incline_v to_o the_o enemy_n thither_o do_v they_o for_o the_o most_o part_n bend_v their_o mind_n and_o force_n by_o which_o mean_v as_o one_o true_o externo_fw-la pessundata_fw-la milite_fw-la regna_fw-la and_o as_o curtius_n insidiosae_fw-la fiunt_fw-la illorum_fw-la domini_fw-la kingdom_n be_v sometime_o ruin_v and_o by_o treachery_n they_o themselves_o become_v lord_n and_o master_n of_o their_o leader_n 13._o l._n 1._o f._n 13._o polybius_n relate_v that_o carthaginian_n wage_n war_n with_o the_o roman_n have_v their_o army_n mix_v with_o spaniard_n french_a and_o fugetive_a grecian_n and_o that_o have_v make_v peace_n with_o the_o roman_n intend_v to_o dismiss_v they_o who_o amount_v to_o the_o number_n of_o twenty_o thousand_o which_o they_o perceive_v sudden_o draw_v themselves_o into_o a_o military_a body_n and_o make_v head_n against_o the_o carthaginian_n and_o force_v some_o of_o their_o city_n to_o subject_v their_o fort_n to_o their_o force_n in_o so_o much_o as_o the_o carthaginian_n be_v compel_v to_o crave_v aid_n of_o the_o roman_n to_o resist_v and_o repel_v they_o through_o who_o assistance_n hamilcar_n circumvent_v and_o enclose_v they_o in_o narrow_a streite_n and_o place_n so_o as_o more_o of_o they_o perish_v by_o famine_n than_o the_o sword_n and_o hamilcar_n by_o the_o consent_n of_o all_o be_v call_v salvator_fw-la patriae_fw-la the_o saviour_n of_o his_o country_n to_o this_o purpose_n i_o can_v plaustra_fw-la exemplorum_fw-la accumulare_fw-la accumulate_v cart-loades_a of_o example_n how_o dangerous_a a_o thing_n it_o be_v to_o call_v in_o stranger_n to_o their_o aid_n and_o especial_o in_o any_o great_a number_n which_o plain_o appear_v by_o the_o perfidiousness_n of_o the_o saxon_n who_o though_o they_o come_v at_o the_o first_o as_o mercenary_n yet_o once_o admit_v and_o sensible_a of_o their_o own_o power_n they_o soon_o grow_v master_n and_o lord_n of_o the_o briton_n and_o therefore_o livy_n give_v this_o sound_a counsel_n to_o they_o who_o be_v necessitate_v to_o introduce_v the_o aid_n of_o stranger_n that_o their_o captain_n be_v so_o circumspect_a quod_fw-la non_fw-la ita_fw-la externis_fw-la credant_fw-la auxillijs_fw-la ut_fw-la non_fw-la plus_fw-la svi_fw-la roboris_fw-la suarumque_fw-la p●oprie_fw-la virium_fw-la in_o castris_fw-la habeant_fw-la 25._o livy_n l._n 25._o that_o they_o do_v not_o confide_v so_o much_o in_o external_a aid_n that_o they_o have_v no_o more_o of_o they_o in_o their_o army_n then_o their_o own_o strength_n and_o power_n will_v keep_v in_o awe_n multum_fw-la potest_fw-la in_o rebus_fw-la humanis_fw-la occasio_fw-la plurimum_fw-la in_o bellicis_fw-la poly._n b._n coke_n come_v 71._o a._n occasion_n and_o opportunity_n prevail_v much_o in_o humane_a thing_n but_o most_o of_o all_o in_o martial_a affair_n in_o ancient_a time_n king_n have_v the_o supremacy_n over_o other_o of_o command_v 8._o 2._o reg._n c._n 8._o or_o commence_v war_n as_o appear_v by_o the_o sacred_a history_n yet_o sometime_o upon_o necessary_a cause_n if_o there_o be_v danger_n in_o delay_n or_o the_o sovereign_a commander_n be_v absent_a war_n may_v be_v undertake_v without_o the_o commandment_n of_o the_o prince_n if_o it_o be_v upon_o necessary_a occasion_n of_o just_a defence_n which_o by_o the_o law_n of_o nature_n be_v grant_v to_o every_o one_o so_o though_o the_o consul_n marcellus_n have_v the_o supreme_a command_n in_o sicily_n yet_o l._n pinarius_n who_o be_v captain_n of_o the_o garrison_n of_o enna_n in_o sicily_n when_o he_o do_v foresee_v the_o revolt_n and_o defection_n of_o the_o citizen_n of_o enna_n to_o the_o carthaginian_n 24._o livy_n l._n 24._o and_o he_o can_v not_o send_v ambassador_n to_o the_o consul_n marcellus_n though_o he_o be_v not_o far_o from_o thence_o sudden_o he_o do_v kill_v all_o the_o carthaginian_n by_o which_o act_n enna_n be_v still_o retain_v for_o the_o roman_n and_o marcellus_n do_v not_o disallow_v the_o fact_n and_o therefore_o cicero_n commend_v the_o enterprise_n of_o octavius_n caesar_n who_o not_o expect_v the_o decree_n of_o the_o senate_n do_v of_o his_o own_o head_n make_v war_n against_o antonius_n for_o if_o he_o have_v then_o omit_v the_o time_n of_o battle_n he_o do_v well_o foresee_v that_o the_o common_a wealth_n will_v be_v suppress_v and_o that_o then_o nothing_o can_v be_v decree_v by_o the_o senate_n and_o the_o senate_n do_v after_o allow_v by_o public_a authority_n the_o war_n undertake_v by_o octavius_n of_o his_o own_o private_a advice_n so_o scipio_n nasica_n do_v deserve_v exceed_v commendation_n who_o voluntary_a without_o any_o free_a authority_n do_v offer_v himself_o a_o captain_n to_o all_o good_a roman_n for_o the_o suppress_n of_o tibe●ius_n gracchus_n and_o his_o treacherous_a confederate_n for_o it_o be_v necessary_a in_o such_o perturbation_n and_o tumult_n rather_o to_o obey_v time_n than_o custom_n for_o in_o peace_n we_o must_v obey_v custom_n in_o war_n the_o time_n and_o occasion_n inter_fw-la arma_fw-la silent_a leges_fw-la coke_n l._n 9_o ep._n ad_fw-la lectorem_fw-la when_o arm_n and_o weapon_n sway_v the_o law_n be_v at_o a_o stay_n war_n be_v first_o bring_v in_o by_o necessity_n for_o in_o that_o decision_n in_o court_n of_o law_n and_o the_o determine_n of_o controversy_n by_o their_o rule_n can_v not_o be_v between_o two_o strange_a prince_n of_o equal_a power_n unless_o they_o shall_v willing_o agree_v to_o such_o a_o order_n because_o they_o have_v no_o superior_a nor_o ordinary_a judge_n but_o be_v supreme_a and_o public_a person_n and_o therefore_o the_o judgement_n of_o arm_n be_v necessary_a because_o such_o war_n against_o they_o can_v be_v bridle_v by_o law_n and_o by_o this_o and_o many_o other_o case_n war_n be_v lawful_a though_o many_o mischief_n do_v stain_v it_o for_o good_a do_v ensue_v of_o it_o and_o prince_n by_o it_o obtain_v their_o right_n and_o rebel_n be_v reduce_v to_o obedience_n and_o peace_n accord_v and_o that_o who_o end_n be_v good_a be_v also_o good_a itself_o to_o which_o and_o to_o common_a equity_n without_o bloodshed_n and_o these_o injury_n of_o war_n man_n do_v seldom_o attain_v but_o when_o the_o law_n of_o war_n and_o arm_n do_v rule_n the_o civil_a law_n of_o peace_n be_v silent_a and_o of_o little_a or_o no_o force_n as_o in_o the_o conqueror_n time_n the_o law_n do_v seem_v to_o be_v silent_a for_o in_o all_o the_o time_n of_o his_o reign_n either_o his_o sword_n be_v always_o draw_v or_o his_o hand_n be_v continual_o on_o the_o hilt_n ready_a again_o to_o be_v draw_v and_o as_o bacon_n the_o conqueror_n get_v by_o right_a of_o conquest_n all_o the_o land_n of_o the_o realm_n into_o his_o own_o hand_n in_o demesne_fw-la take_v from_o every_o man_n all_o estate_n term_n property_n and_o liberty_n of_o the_o same_o except_o religious_a and_o church-land_n and_o the_o land_n of_o kent_n and_o still_o as_o he_o give_v any_o of_o it_o out_o of_o his_o own_o hand_n he_o reserve_v some_o retribution_n of_o rent_n or_o service_n or_o both_o to_o he_o and_o to_o his_o heir_n which_o reservation_n