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and_o backsides_n the_o way_n smith_n use_v to_o try_v they_o by_o be_v to_o turn_v they_o about_o by_o the_o spindle_n and_o hold_v a_o piece_n of_o chalk_n steady_a to_o the_o outer_a limb_n of_o the_o wheel_n not_o let_v the_o point_n of_o the_o chalk_n slip_v forward_o or_o backward_o or_o towards_o the_o right_n or_o left_a hand_n for_o than_o if_o the_o chalk_n make_v a_o white_a stroke_n round_o the_o whole_a wheel_n and_o that_o white_a stroke_n lie_v exact_o parallel_v to_o the_o two_o outer_a edge_n of_o the_o wheel_n the_o wheel_n be_v not_o only_o round_a but_o stand_v also_o true_a upon_o its_o spindle_n that_o be_v perpendicular_a to_o the_o spindle_n and_o the_o spindle_n perpendicular_a to_o the_o flat_a of_o it_o but_o if_o the_o chalk_n do_v not_o touch_v round_o the_o whole_a wheel_n you_o must_v file_v down_o so_o much_o of_o the_o outer_a verge_n of_o the_o wheel_n where_o the_o chalk_n do_v touch_v as_o will_v bring_v down_o or_o equalise_v the_o diameter_n of_o 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that_o be_v to_o be_v a_o small_a round_a hole_n and_o therefore_o you_o be_v direct_o to_o lay_v a_o small_a round_a piece_n of_o iron_n or_o wyre_n where_o you_o intend_v the_o pin-hole_n shall_v be_v and_o lap_v the_o other_o end_n of_o your_o work_n over_o it_o but_o this_o be_v to_o be_v a_o wide_a square_a hole_n therefore_o you_o must_v lay_v a_o square_a piece_n of_o iron_n of_o your_o size_n where_o the_o eye_n of_o the_o jack-winch_n shall_v be_v and_o lap_n or_o double_v the_o other_o end_n over_o it_o and_o weld_n and_o work_n as_o you_o be_v there_o direct_v the_o rest_n of_o the_o winch_n be_v but_o common_a forge_v and_o file_v work_n which_o have_v be_v sufficient_o teach_v already_o the_o wood-work_n belong_v to_o a_o jack_n be_v a_o barrel_n a_o spit-wheel_n and_o a_o handle_n of_o the_o winch_n which_o be_v turner_n work_n i_o shall_v say_v nothing_o to_o till_o i_o come_v to_o the_o art_n of_o turn_v only_o those_o wheel_n that_o have_v more_o than_o one_o groove_n in_o they_o be_v call_v two_o three_o etc._n etc._n struck-wheel_n in_o workmen_n corrupt_a language_n but_o i_o suppose_v original_o two_o stroke_n three_o stroak-wheel_n etc._n etc._n from_o the_o number_n of_o grooves_n that_o be_v in_o they_o the_o excellency_n of_o a_o good_a jack_n be_v 1._o that_o the_o jack-frame_n be_v forge_v and_o file_a square_n and_o convenient_o strong_a well_o set_v together_o and_o will_v screw_v close_a and_o tight_o up_o 2._o that_o the_o wheel_n be_v perpendicular_o and_o strong_o fix_v on_o the_o square_n of_o the_o spindle_n 3._o that_o the_o tooth_n be_v even_o cut_v and_o well_o smooth_v and_o that_o the_o tooth_n of_o the_o worm-wheel_n fall_v even_o into_o the_o groove_n of_o the_o worm_n 4._o that_o the_o spindle_n pin_n shake_v not_o between_o the_o fore_n and_o backsides_n nor_o be_v too_o big_a or_o too_o little_a for_o their_o center-hole_n a_o the_o square-bore_a be_v a_o square_a steel_n point_n or_o shank_n well_o temper_v fit_v into_o a_o square_a socket_n in_o a_o iron_n wimble_n it_o be_v describe_v fig._n 3._o it_o be_v use_n be_v to_o open_v a_o hole_n and_o make_v it_o true_o round_a and_o smooth_a within_o when_o you_o use_v it_o you_o must_v set_v the_o head_n against_o your_o breast_n and_o put_v the_o point_n of_o the_o square-bore_a into_o the_o hole_n you_o punch_v or_o will_v open_v and_o turn_v the_o handle_n about_o you_o with_o it_o turn_v about_o the_o shank_n of_o the_o square-bare_a who_o edge_n cut_v away_o the_o irregularity_n of_o the_o iron_n make_v in_o the_o punch_a but_o you_o must_v thrust_v or_o lean_a hard_a with_o your_o breast_n against_o the_o head_n of_o the_o
be_v to_o plain_a upon_o and_o it_o warp_v a_o little_a with_o the_o grain_n or_o be_v any_o way_n crooked_a in_o the_o breadth_n you_o must_v then_o turn_v the_o grain_n athwart_o the_o work-bench_n and_o plane_n upon_o the_o cross-grain_n for_o if_o your_o work_n be_v hollow_a in_o the_o middle_n you_o must_v plain_o both_o the_o bear_v side_n thin_a till_o they_o come_v to_o a_o try_v with_o the_o middle_n then_o turn_v the_o other_o side_n of_o your_o work_n and_o work_v still_o cross-grained_a work_v away_o the_o middle_n till_o it_o come_v try_v with_o the_o two_o side_n this_o way_n of_o cross-grained_a work_n be_v by_o workman_n call_v traverse_v thus_o have_v you_o in_o general_a the_o use_n of_o all_o the_o other_o planes_n but_o the_o use_n of_o those_o plane_n that_o be_v design_v for_o other_o particular_a purpose_n i_o shall_v show_v as_o they_o come_v in_o order_n §_o 4._o of_o the_o jointure_n b_o 2._o the_o jointure_n be_v make_v somewhat_o long_o than_o the_o fore-plane_n and_o have_v its_o sole_a perfect_o straight_o from_o end_n to_o end_v it_o be_v office_n be_v to_o follow_v the_o fore-plane_n and_o to_o shoot_v a_o edge_n perfect_o straight_o and_o not_o only_o a_o edge_n but_o also_o a_o board_n of_o any_o thickness_n especial_o when_o a_o joint_n be_v to_o be_v shoot_v therefore_o the_o hand_n must_v be_v carry_v all_o along_o the_o whole_a length_n with_o a_o epual_a bear_a weight_n and_o so_o exact_o even_o and_o upright_o to_o the_o edge_n of_o the_o board_n that_o neither_o side_n of_o the_o plane_n incline_v either_o inward_a or_o outward_o but_o that_o the_o whole_a breadth_n be_v exact_o square_a on_o both_o its_o side_n suppose_v its_o side_n straight_o so_o will_v two_o edge_n of_o two_o board_n when_o thus_o shoot_v lie_v so_o exact_o flat_a and_o square_a upon_o one_o another_o that_o light_n will_v not_o be_v discern_v betwixt_o they_o but_o yet_o it_o be_v count_v a_o piece_n of_o good_a workmanship_n in_o a_o joiner_n to_o have_v the_o craft_n of_o bear_v his_o hand_n so_o curious_o even_o the_o whole_a length_n of_o a_o long_a board_n and_o yet_o it_o be_v but_o a_o sleight_n to_o those_o practice_n have_v inure_v the_o hand_n to_o the_o jointure_n be_v also_o use_v to_o try_v table_n with_o large_a or_o small_a or_o other_o such_o broad_a work_n and_o than_o joiner_n work_n as_o well_o upon_o the_o traverse_v with_o it_o as_o with_o the_o grain_n of_o the_o wood_n and_o also_o angular_o or_o corner-wise_a that_o they_o may_v be_v the_o more_o assure_v of_o the_o flatness_n of_o their_o work_n it_o be_v iron_n must_v be_v set_v very_o fine_a so_o fine_a that_o when_o you_o wink_v with_o one_o eye_n and_o set_v that_o end_n the_o straight_a side_n of_o the_o iron_n be_v next_o to_o the_o other_o eye_n there_o appear_v a_o little_a above_o a_o hair_n breadth_n of_o the_o edge_n above_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o sole_a of_o the_o plane_n and_o the_o length_n of_o the_o edge_n must_v lie_v 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indeed_o more_o proper_o say_v to_o be_v scrape_v than_o plain_v but_o before_o you_o come_v to_o use_v your_o plane_n you_o must_v know_v how_o to_o grind_v and_o whet_v they_o for_o they_o be_v not_o so_o fit_v when_o they_o be_v buy_v but_o every_o workman_n accommodate_v they_o to_o his_o purpose_n as_o if_o it_o be_v a_o hard_a wood_n he_o be_v to_o work_v on_o he_o grind_v his_o basil_n to_o a_o more_o obtuse_a angle_n than_o he_o will_v do_v for_o soft_a wood._n the_o basil_n or_o angle_n a_o iron_n be_v ground_n to_o to_o work_v on_o soft_a wood_n be_v about_o 12_o degree_n and_o for_o hard_a wood_n about_o 18_o or_o 20_o degree_n where_o note_n that_o the_o more_o acute_a or_o thin_a the_o basil_n be_v the_o better_a and_o smooth_a the_o iron_n cut_v and_o the_o more_o obtuse_a and_o thick_a the_o strong_a the_o edge_n be_v to_o work_v upon_o hard_a work_n §_o 10._o of_o grind_v and_o whet_v the_o iron_n and_o other_o edge-tool_n when_o you_o grind_v your_o iron_n place_v your_o two_o thumb_n under_o the_o iron_n and_o your_o finger_n of_o both_o hand_n upon_o the_o iron_n and_o so_o clap_v down_o your_o iron_n to_o the_o stone_n hold_v it_o to_o that_o angle_n with_o the_o stone_n you_o intend_v the_o basil_n shall_v have_v keep_v the_o iron_n in_o this_o posture_n without_o either_o mount_a or_o sink_v its_o end_n all_o the_o while_n the_o the_o stone_n be_v turn_v about_o and_o when_o you_o lift_v the_o iron_n off_o the_o stone_n to_o see_v if_o it_o be_v ground_n to_o your_o mind_n if_o it_o be_v not_o you_o must_v be_v sure_a you_o place_v the_o iron_n again_o in_o the_o same_o position_n on_o the_o stone_n it_o have_v before_o for_o else_o you_o will_v make_v a_o double_a basil_n on_o your_o iron_n but_o if_o it_o be_v true_a set_v on_o the_o stone_n and_o steady_o keep_v to_o that_o position_n your_o basil_n will_v be_v hollow_a and_o the_o small_a your_o grindstone_n be_v the_o hollow_a it_o will_v be_v you_o may_v know_v when_o it_o be_v well_o 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then_o they_o hold_v the_o iron_n also_o in_o their_o hand_n in_o the_o same_o posture_n as_o if_o it_o be_v to_o be_v ground_n on_o the_o round_a grindstone_n yet_o then_o instead_o of_o keep_v the_o iron_n on_o one_o place_n of_o the_o stone_n they_o thrust_v it_o hard_o straight_o forward_o almost_o the_o length_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o draw_v it_o lightly_a straight_o back_o again_o keep_v it_o all_o the_o while_n at_o the_o same_o angle_n with_o the_o superficies_n of_o the_o stone_n and_o than_o smoothen_fw-ge its_o edge_n with_o the_o whetstone_n as_o if_o it_o have_v be_v ground_n upon_o the_o round_a grindstone_n and_o this_o they_o do_v so_o often_o till_o they_o have_v rub_v the_o hollowness_n of_o the_o basil_n to_o a_o flat_a and_o then_o they_o grind_v it_o again_o upon_o the_o round_a grindstone_n this_o order_n and_o manner_n of_o set_v grind_v and_o smooth_v a_o basil_n and_o edge_n be_v also_o use_v in_o all_o other_o edge-tool_n joiner_n use_n §_o 10._o of_o chissel_v of_o several_a sort_n and_o first_o of_o former_n former_n mark_a c1_n c3_n be_v of_o several_a size_n they_o be_v call_v former_n because_o they_o be_v use_v before_o the_o paring-chissel_a even_o as_o the_o fore-plane_n be_v use_v before_o the_o smoothing-plane_n the_o stuff_v you_o be_v to_o work_v upon_o be_v first_o scribe_v as_o i_o shall_v show_v in_o its_o proper_a place_n you_o must_v set_v the_o edge_n of_o the_o former_a a_o little_a without_o the_o scribe_v stroke_n with_o its_o basil_n outward_o that_o it_o may_v break_v and_o shoulder_v off_o the_o chip_n from_o your_o work_n as_o the_o edge_n cut_v it_o and_o you_o must_v bear_v the_o helve_z of_o the_o former_a a_o little_a inward_o over_o the_o stuff_n that_o the_o former_a do_v not_o at_o first_o cut_v straight_o down_o but_o a_o little_a outward_n for_o shall_v you_o venture_v to_o cut_v straight_o down_o at_o the_o first_o you_o may_v with_o a_o negligent_a or_o unlucky_o knock_v with_o the_o mallet_n drive_v the_o edge_n of_o the_o former_a under_o the_o work_n and_o so_o cut_v before_o you_o be_v aware_a more_o off_o the_o under_o side_n than_o the_o upper_a side_n of_o your_o work_n and_o so_o perchance_o spoil_v it_o therefore_o you_o may_v make_v several_a cut_n to_o cut_v it_o straight_o down_o by_o little_a and_o little_a till_o your_o work_n be_v make_v ready_a for_o the_o paring-chissel_a when_o it_o be_v use_v the_o helve_z of_o it_o be_v knock_v upon_o with_o a_o mallet_n to_o drive_v the_o edge_n into_o the_o stuff_n §_o 11._o of_o the_o paring-chissel_a the_o paring-chissel_a mark_v c2_n must_v have_v a_o very_a fine_a and_o smooth_a edge_n its_o
grain_n upward_o and_o downward_o as_o it_o grow_v it_o have_v three_o leges_fw-la in_o it_o that_o stand_v straddle_a out_o from_o the_o underside_n of_o the_o block_n to_o the_o floor_n and_o of_o such_o a_o height_n as_o the_o workman_n may_v have_v most_o command_v of_o the_o work_n see_v the_o figure_n sometime_o turner_n use_n instead_o of_o it_o a_o piece_n of_o the_o trunk_n of_o a_o tree_n of_o about_o a_o foot_n and_o a_o half_a or_o two_o foot_n in_o length_n from_o the_o ground_n or_o more_o or_o less_o §_o xi_o of_o the_o callipper_n the_o callipper_n be_v mark_v o_o in_o plate_n 13._o as_o common_a compass_n describe_v numb_a 6._o §_o 32._o be_v for_o measure_v distance_n upon_o a_o plain_a superficies_n so_o callipper_n measure_v the_o distance_n of_o any_o round_a cilindrick_n conical_a body_n either_o in_o their_o extremity_n or_o any_o part_n less_o than_o the_o extreme_a so_o that_o when_o workman_n use_v they_o they_o open_v the_o two_o point_n a_o a_o to_o their_o 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and_o smooth_a as_o a_o table_n yet_o though_o the_o rule_v joiner_n and_o carpenter_n work_n by_o be_v so_o near_o the_o same_o and_o the_o tool_n they_o work_v with_o and_o stuff_v they_o work_v upon_o the_o same_o yet_o there_o be_v many_o requisite_n proper_a to_o a_o carpenter_n especial_o a_o master_n carpenter_n that_o a_o joiner_n need_v take_v little_a notice_n of_o which_o after_o i_o have_v describe_v the_o carpenter_n tool_n that_o be_v not_o express_v among_o the_o joiner_n i_o shall_v speak_v to_o §_o 1._o of_o several_a tool_n use_v in_o carpentry_n that_o be_v not_o use_v in_o joynery_n and_o first_o of_o the_o axe_n the_o axe_n mark_v a_o in_o plate_n 8._o be_v as_o you_o see_v different_a from_o what_o the_o joiner_n hatchet_n be_v both_o in_o size_n and_o form_n there_o be_v being_n a_o light_a hatchet_n with_o a_o basil_n edge_n on_o its_o left_a side_n because_o it_o be_v to_o be_v use_v with_o one_o hand_n and_o therefore_o have_v a_o short_a handle_n but_o the_o 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